WO2016101499A1 - 一种用于卷筒多层缠绕乱绳的检测装置及方法 - Google Patents

一种用于卷筒多层缠绕乱绳的检测装置及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016101499A1
WO2016101499A1 PCT/CN2015/078845 CN2015078845W WO2016101499A1 WO 2016101499 A1 WO2016101499 A1 WO 2016101499A1 CN 2015078845 W CN2015078845 W CN 2015078845W WO 2016101499 A1 WO2016101499 A1 WO 2016101499A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rope
contact switch
reel
screw
bracket
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PCT/CN2015/078845
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
朱真才
张治强
曹国华
彭维红
沈刚
李伟
彭玉兴
周公博
刘善增
卢昊
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中国矿业大学
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Application filed by 中国矿业大学 filed Critical 中国矿业大学
Priority to DE112015000333.9T priority Critical patent/DE112015000333B4/de
Priority to CA2942688A priority patent/CA2942688C/en
Priority to AU2015372215A priority patent/AU2015372215A1/en
Publication of WO2016101499A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016101499A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
    • B66D1/00—Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans
    • B66D1/54—Safety gear
    • B66D1/56—Adaptations of limit switches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
    • B66D1/00—Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans
    • B66D1/54—Safety gear
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
    • B66D1/00—Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans
    • B66D1/28—Other constructional details
    • B66D1/36—Guiding, or otherwise ensuring winding in an orderly manner, of ropes, cables, or chains
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
    • B66D1/00—Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans
    • B66D1/28—Other constructional details
    • B66D1/36—Guiding, or otherwise ensuring winding in an orderly manner, of ropes, cables, or chains
    • B66D1/38—Guiding, or otherwise ensuring winding in an orderly manner, of ropes, cables, or chains by means of guides movable relative to drum or barrel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H2701/00—Handled material; Storage means
    • B65H2701/30—Handled filamentary material
    • B65H2701/35—Ropes, lines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H54/00—Winding, coiling, or depositing filamentary material
    • B65H54/02—Winding and traversing material on to reels, bobbins, tubes, or like package cores or formers
    • B65H54/28—Traversing devices; Package-shaping arrangements
    • B65H54/2848—Arrangements for aligned winding
    • B65H54/2854—Detection or control of aligned winding or reversal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H63/00—Warning or safety devices, e.g. automatic fault detectors, stop-motions ; Quality control of the package
    • B65H63/04—Warning or safety devices, e.g. automatic fault detectors, stop-motions ; Quality control of the package responsive to excessive tension or irregular operation of apparatus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
    • B66D2700/00—Capstans, winches or hoists
    • B66D2700/01—Winches, capstans or pivots
    • B66D2700/0183—Details, e.g. winch drums, cooling, bearings, mounting, base structures, cable guiding or attachment of the cable to the drum

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hoisting machine roping monitoring device and method, in particular to a detecting device and method for a multi-layer winding chaotic rope of a reel.
  • the wire ropes wound on the hoist drum are disorderly arranged, and the phenomenon of “cracking” of the cables is often caused, which causes the wire rope to wear, seriously shortens the service life of the wire rope and even breaks the rope.
  • the pure mechanical cable arranging device has a simple structure, but due to friction, wear and deformation, it often causes malfunction and non-action phenomenon, which is easy to cause a safety accident; and some electric control rope arranging devices cannot completely solve the rope mess.
  • the buckle phenomenon when the rope phenomenon occurs, the electric control system controls the rope arranging device to continue to operate, which may cause damage to the rope arranging device and adversely affect the entire lifting system.
  • the invention provides a detecting device and a method for a multi-layer winding chaotic rope of a reel, which solves the problem that the existing rope-receiving device will continue to operate in the event of a disordered rope, and promptly alarms when the hoisting rope is disordered. Stop.
  • the utility model relates to a detecting device for a multi-layer winding chaotic rope of a reel, comprising a screw motor, a screw coupling, a screw rod, an optical shaft, a screw nut, a linear bearing and a detecting mechanism, wherein the detecting mechanism comprises a contact a switch and a contact switch bracket, the contact switch bracket is installed between the linear bearing and the lead screw nut, and a contact switch is connected to the contact switch bracket; a detecting device bracket is installed directly in front of the reel, and a bearing seat is mounted on the detecting device bracket The motor bracket and the screw motor are mounted on the motor bracket and connected to the lead screw through a screw coupling.
  • the screw nut is mounted on the lead screw, and the optical shaft support is mounted on the bearing housing, and the optical shaft is tightly tightened by the locking bolt Locked on the optical axis support, the optical axis is mounted with a linear bearing, the encoder is mounted on the encoder bracket, the encoder bracket is mounted on the reel bracket, and the encoder is connected to the reel through the reel coupling, the encoder
  • the signal line and the strip contact switch signal line are connected to the PLC input.
  • the lead screw is a ball screw
  • the lead screw nut is a ball screw nut
  • the motor is a stepper motor or a servo motor.
  • the encoder is an incremental rotary encoder.
  • a method for detecting a multi-layer winding rope of a reel using the above device comprises the following steps:
  • the detecting mechanism Under the control of the screw motor, drives the detecting mechanism and passes through the screw
  • the internal wire rope moves synchronously to the left or right, and the commutation is entered by the pulse from the encoder into the PLC, which is determined by comparison with the values set in the PLC internal program.
  • the beneficial effect is that, by adopting the above scheme, the encoder is used as the feedback stage of the closed-loop system, and the running speed of the reel is obtained through the operation of the internal program of the controller PLC, thereby controlling the running speed of the detecting device and counting by the encoder.
  • the detection device automatically synchronizes the reversing direction with the wire rope. Since the movement of the detecting device is indirectly controlled by the counting of the encoder, the encoder will continue to count when the cording system fails and causes the chaotic rope, so that the detecting device will continue to operate, so that the contact switch will be in contact with the wire rope. It can stop and alarm in time and quickly, avoiding the adverse effects and losses caused by the occurrence of tangled rope accidents.
  • the detecting device Since the detecting device is mounted in the axial direction of the reel, the detecting device can be moved in the direction of the spool axis.
  • the PLC command controls the lead screw motor to drive the lead screw to ensure that the reel rotates one turn and the detecting device moves a distance of the pitch.
  • the encoder counts when the wire rope moves to the leftmost or rightmost side of the reel.
  • the encoder count value is compared with the value set in the PLC program to control the reversing operation of the lead screw motor, thereby ensuring the commutation of the detecting device and the synchronization of the wire rope.
  • the detecting device adopts a linear bearing to avoid the phenomenon of dust and splashing caused by the addition of lubricating oil on the sliding connection, and the friction between the linear bearing and the optical axis is small to ensure the smooth operation of the detecting device.
  • the invention can conveniently carry out real-time detection of random ropes on different rope types, rope diameters and rolls of different diameters, and avoid the adverse effects of chaotic ropes on the service life and safety of the steel ropes.
  • the invention can be widely applied to different types of hoists, and provides technical support for the timely detection and shutdown adjustment of the hoist when the rope is disordered.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the three-dimensional structure of a wire rope in the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a side elevational view of the unitary device of the present invention.
  • FIG 3 is a schematic perspective view of the detecting mechanism of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a control system of the present invention.
  • the utility model relates to a detecting device for a multi-layer winding chaotic rope of a reel, comprising a screw motor 18, a screw coupling 15, a lead screw 14, an optical axis 7, a screw nut 12, a linear bearing 4 and a detecting mechanism.
  • the detecting mechanism includes a contact switch 5 and a contact switch bracket 6 which is installed between the linear bearing 4 and the screw nut, and a contact switch 5 is connected to the contact switch bracket 6;
  • the detecting device bracket 10 is mounted with a bearing housing 9 and a motor bracket 17 on the detecting device bracket 10.
  • the screw motor 18 is mounted on the motor bracket 17, and is connected to the lead screw 14 through the screw coupling 15, and the screw nut 12 is mounted.
  • an optical shaft support 8 is mounted on the bearing housing 9, and the optical shaft 7 is locked on the optical shaft support 8 via a locking bolt 13, and the optical shaft 7 is mounted with a linear bearing 4, and the encoder 22 is mounted.
  • the encoder holder 21 is mounted on the reel holder 23, the encoder 22 is connected to the reel 1 through the reel coupling 20, and the signal line of the encoder 22 and the signal line of the strip contact switch 5 are connected to On the PLC input.
  • Embodiment 1 As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, a plurality of layers of steel wire rope 11 are sequentially arranged on a reel 1, and both ends of the reel 1 pass through a bearing 19, and the bearing 19 is over-mounted on the bearing support 2, and the bearing support 2 is bolted.
  • the encoder 22 is bolted to the encoder holder 21, and is connected to the shaft of one side of the reel 1 through the reel coupling 20, and the encoder holder 21 is bolted to the reel holder 23, light
  • the axis formed by the axis of the shaft 7 and the lead screw 14 is parallel to the axis of the reel 1, and is perpendicular to the mounting ground, the linear bearing 4 mounted on the optical axis 7 and the screw nut 12 and the band mounted on the lead screw 14.
  • the contact switch 5 and the contact switch bracket 6 constitute a detecting mechanism, which can be moved to the left and right in the axial direction of the reel 1 by the transmission of the lead screw 14, and the optical axis 7 is locked on the optical axis bracket 8 by the locking bolt 13
  • the optical shaft support 8 is bolted to the bearing housing 9
  • the lead screw 14 is fixedly mounted on the bearing housing 9 and connected to the screw motor 18 via the screw coupling 15
  • the screw motor 18 is bolted to the motor bracket 17 .
  • the motor bracket 17 is welded to the bearing housing 9, the bearing housing 9 is bolted to the detecting device bracket 10, and the strip contact switch 5 is mounted in contact. 6 off the holder, the contact strip 5 and the encoder switch signal line 22 is connected to the PLC, PLC controller are connected by connecting the motor to the lead screw 18, is connected to the motor by connecting the inverter and the spool 3 PLC.
  • the lead screw motor is a stepping motor or a servo motor
  • the contact switch adopts a strip contact switch
  • the encoder is an incremental rotary encoder
  • the lead screw is a ball screw
  • the lead screw nut is a ball screw nut
  • the optical axis slider is a linear bearing.
  • 3 is a schematic view of the three-dimensional structure of the detecting mechanism
  • 3-1 is a linear bearing
  • 3-2 is a strip contact switch
  • 3-3 is a contact switch bracket
  • 3-4 is a bolt
  • 3-5 is a ball screw nut.
  • the strip contact switch 3-2 is attached to the contact switch bracket 3-3 for easy installation.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a system of a control system and a detection system
  • the method for detecting a wire rope winding rope of the present invention comprises the following steps:
  • the reel motor 3 is manually operated to operate the integral device to the initial position, and the lead screw motor 18 is manually adjusted so that the wire rope 11 is at the intermediate position of the detecting device.
  • the reel motor 3 drives the reel 1 to rotate, and the screw motor 18 is operated by the internal program of the PLC through the calculation of the data fed back from the encoder, so that the reel 1 is rotated one turn and detected.
  • the device runs a pitch, the encoder 22 counts in real time, and the count value is compared with the set value in the PLC in real time. When it is equal, the control screw motor 18 is reversely operated. When the machine is stopped, the encoder latches the count value, etc. The starting operation continues to count, and the detecting device can reciprocate synchronously with the wire rope 11 in synchronization.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Maintenance And Inspection Apparatuses For Elevators (AREA)
  • Filamentary Materials, Packages, And Safety Devices Therefor (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于卷筒多层缠绕乱绳的检测装置及检测方法，检测装置包括丝杠电机（18）、丝杠联轴器（15）、丝杠（14）、光轴（7、丝杠螺母（12）、直线轴承（4）以及检测机构，所述的检测机构包括接触开关（5）和接触开关支架（6），接触开关支架（6）安装在直线轴承（4）和丝杠螺母（12）之间，在接触开关支架（6）上连接有接触开关（5），编码器（22）安装在编码器支架（21）上，编码器支架（21）安装在卷筒支架（23）上，编码器（22）信号线和带状接触开关（5）信号线连接到PLC输入端上。当乱绳现象出现时，带状接触开关（5）碰到乱绳，此时带状接触开关（5）的触发信号传入PLC中，发出报警并停机，从而避免了钢丝绳因乱缠而致损及断绳现象的出现，延长了钢丝绳寿命。

Description

一种用于卷筒多层缠绕乱绳的检测装置及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种卷扬机绕绳监测装置及方法，特别是一种用于卷筒多层缠绕乱绳的检测装置及方法。
技术背景
通常情况下，缠绕在提升机卷筒上的钢丝绳是无序排列的，常常出现线缆相互挤压的“乱扣”现象，从而造成钢丝绳的磨损，严重缩短钢丝绳的使用寿命甚至出现断绳现象而引发危险事故；为了解决这一问题，出现了很多排绳技术，但这些技术还不能完全解决绳线的“乱扣”现象。如纯机械的排绳线装置结构简单，但由于摩擦、磨损和变形常常出现误动作和不动作现象，容易引发安全事故；而一些具有电气控制的排绳装置也不能完全解决绳线的“乱扣”现象，在乱绳现象出现时，电气控制系统控制排绳装置继续动作，很有可能导致排绳装置的损坏以及对整个提升系统造成不良影响。
发明内容
发明目的：提供一种用于卷筒多层缠绕乱绳的检测装置及方法，解决现有排绳装置在出现乱绳现象时仍会继续运行的问题，在提升机出现乱绳时及时报警并停机。
为了实现上述发明目的，本发明采用了如下的技术方案：
一种用于卷筒多层缠绕乱绳的检测装置，包括有丝杠电机、丝杠联轴器、丝杠、光轴、丝杠螺母、直线轴承以及检测机构，所述的检测机构包括接触开关和接触开关支架，接触开关支架安装在直线轴承和丝杠螺母之间，在接触开关支架上连接有接触开关；在卷筒正前方安装有检测装置支架，检测装置支架上安装有轴承座和电机支架，丝杠电机安装在电机支架上，并通过丝杠联轴器与丝杠连接，丝杠螺母安装在丝杠上，轴承座上安装有光轴支座，光轴通过锁紧螺栓紧锁在光轴支座上，光轴上安装有直线轴承，编码器安装在编码器支架上，编码器支架安装在卷筒支架上，编码器通过卷筒联轴器与卷筒连接，编码器信号线和带状接触开关信号线连接到PLC输入端上。
所述的丝杠是滚珠丝杠，所述的丝杠螺母是滚珠丝杠螺母。
所述的电机是步进电机或伺服电机。
所述的编码器是增量式旋转编码器。
一种利用上述装置用于卷筒多层缠绕乱绳的检测方法包括以下步骤：
(1)当卷扬电机转动带动卷筒缠绳或放绳使钢丝绳在卷筒上左右运动时，所述检测机构在丝杠电机的控制下，通过丝杠的传动使检测机构和穿过其内部的钢丝绳同步向左或向右运动，其换向是由编码器发出的脉冲进入PLC，通过与PLC内部程序中设定的数值的比较而决定的。
(2)当乱绳现象发生时，由于钢丝绳在一个绳槽上缠绕，但所述检测装置继续向左或右 运行，随后带状接触开关碰到钢丝绳，接触开关工作以示检测到乱绳了，此时带状接触开关触发信号传入PLC中，由内部设定程序发出报警并停机。
有益效果，由于采用了上述方案，通过编码器作为闭环系统的反馈级，经过控制器PLC内部程序的运算得出卷筒的运行速度，从而控制检测装置的运行速度，并通过编码器计数来达到检测装置随钢丝绳自动同步换向的目的。由于本检测装置的运动是由编码器的计数间接控制的，在排绳系统出现故障而引发乱绳时，编码器仍会继续计数，这样检测装置会继续运行，从而接触开关会和钢丝绳接触，可以及时快速的停机并报警，避免了因乱缠绳事故的发生而导致的不良影响及损失。
优点：
1、由于该检测装置安装于卷筒的轴线方向，检测装置可以沿卷筒轴线方向移动。
2、正常运行时，PLC指令控制丝杠电机驱动丝杠，以保证卷筒转一圈而检测装置移动一个绳距的距离，同时编码器计数，当钢丝绳移动到卷筒最左边或最右边开始换向时，编码器计数值和在PLC程序中设定的数值作比较，控制丝杠电机换向运转，从而保证检测装置的换向和钢丝绳同步。
3、在工作过程中，如果检测装置的运动速度和换向与钢丝绳的不同步，可以在程序中做简单调整以达到使两者同步的目的。
4、当乱绳现象出现时，由于钢丝绳在一个绳槽上缠绕，此时检测装置继续向左或向右运行，带状接触开关就会碰触到钢丝绳，从而发出报警，并通过PLC停车。
5、检测装置采用直线轴承，避免了滑动连接添加润滑油而产生的沾灰尘及溅油现象，且直线轴承和光轴之间摩擦力小，保证检测装置的顺利运行。
6、综合以上结构特点和性能优势，使本发明可在不同绳型、绳径、不同直径卷筒上方便的进行乱绳实时检测，避免乱绳对钢丝绳使用寿命及安全性的不良影响。
7、本发明可广泛应用在不同类型上的提升机上，为提升机出现乱绳时可及时发现并停机调整提供了技术支持。
附图说明
图1是本发明对钢丝绳乱绳检测时的立体结构示意图。
图2是本发明整体装置的侧视图。
图3是本发明检测机构的立体结构示意图。
图4是本发明控制系统的结构示意图。
图中：1-卷筒；2-轴承支座；3-卷扬电机；4-直线轴承；5-带状接触开关；6-接触开关支架；7-光轴；8-光轴支座；9-轴承座；10-检测装置支架；11-钢丝绳；12-丝杠螺母；13-锁紧螺栓；14-丝杠；15-丝杠联轴器；16-轴承；17-电机支架；18-丝杠电机；19-轴承；20-卷筒联轴器；21-编码器支架；22-编码器；23-卷筒支架；3-1-直线轴承；3-2-带式接触开关；3-3- 接触开关支架；3-4-螺栓；3-5-丝杠螺母。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步的解释。
一种用于卷筒多层缠绕乱绳的检测装置，包括有丝杠电机18、丝杠联轴器15、丝杠14、光轴7、丝杠螺母12、直线轴承4以及检测机构，所述的检测机构包括接触开关5和接触开关支架6，接触开关支架6安装在直线轴承4和丝杠螺母之间，在接触开关支架6上连接有接触开关5；在卷筒1正前方安装有检测装置支架10，检测装置支架10上安装有轴承座9和电机支架17，丝杠电机18安装在电机支架17上，并通过丝杠联轴器15与丝杠14连接，丝杠螺母12安装在丝杠14上，轴承座9上安装有光轴支座8，光轴7通过锁紧螺栓13紧锁在光轴支座8上，光轴7上安装有直线轴承4，编码器22安装在编码器支架21上，编码器支架21安装在卷筒支架23上，编码器22通过卷筒联轴器20与卷筒1连接，编码器22信号线和带状接触开关5信号线连接到PLC输入端上。
实施例1：如图1、2，钢丝绳11多层依次排列在卷筒1上，卷筒1两端穿过轴承19，轴承19过盈安装于轴承支座2上，轴承支座2栓接在卷筒支架23上，编码器22栓接在编码器支架21上，并通过卷筒联轴器20与卷筒1一边的轴连接，编码器支架21栓接在卷筒支架23上，光轴7和丝杠14的轴线形成的平面与卷筒1的轴线平行，且垂直于安装地面，安装于光轴7上的直线轴承4与安装在丝杠14上的丝杠螺母12以及带状接触开关5和接触开关支架6组成检测机构，该检测机构可通过丝杠14的传动沿着卷筒1的轴线方向左右运动，光轴7通过锁紧螺栓13紧锁在光轴支架8上，光轴支座8栓接在轴承座9上，丝杠14固定安装在轴承座9上并通过丝杠联轴器15与丝杠电机18连接，丝杠电机18栓接在电机支架17上，电机支架17焊接在轴承座9上，轴承座9栓接在检测装置支架10上，带状接触开关5安装在接触开关支架6上，带状接触开关5和编码器22的信号线连接到PLC上，PLC通过连接控制器与丝杠电机18相连，PLC通过连接变频器与卷筒电机3相连。
丝杠电机是步进电机或伺服电机，接触开关采用带状接触开关，编码器是增量式旋转编码器；所述丝杠是滚珠丝杠，所述丝杠螺母是滚珠丝杠螺母；所述光轴滑块是直线轴承。
图3是检测机构立体结构示意图，3-1是直线轴承，3-2是带状接触开关，3-3是接触开关支架，3-4是螺栓，3-5是滚珠丝杠螺母。带状接触开关3-2卡装在接触开关支架3-3上，安装方便。
图4是控制系统及检测系统的系统结构示意图
本发明用于钢丝绳缠绕乱绳的检测方法包括如下步骤：
(1)、采用手动模式，手动操控卷筒电机3使整体装置运行至初始位置，手动调整丝杠电机18，使钢丝绳11处于检测装置中间位置。
(2)正常运行时，卷筒电机3驱动卷筒1转动，丝杠电机18以PLC内部程序通过对编码器反馈回来的数据计算后得出的速度运行，使卷筒1转一圈而检测装置运行一个绳距，编码器22实时计数，且计数值实时与PLC中设定数值比较，当相等时控制丝杠电机18反向运转，当停机时，编码器锁存计数值，等下次开机运行继续计数，可达到检测装置随钢丝绳11同步左右往复运动。
(3)在出现乱绳现象时，钢丝绳11在一个绳槽上缠绕，此时检测装置正常向左或向右运行，钢丝绳11将会和接带状触开关5接触，从而PLC发出信号控制卷筒电机3和丝杠电机18停机，并报警。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (5)

  1. 一种用于卷筒多层缠绕乱绳的检测装置，其特征是：检测装置包括有丝杠电机、丝杠联轴器、丝杠、光轴、丝杠螺母、直线轴承以及检测机构，所述的检测机构包括接触开关和接触开关支架，接触开关支架安装在直线轴承和丝杠螺母之间，在接触开关支架上连接有接触开关；在卷筒正前方安装有检测装置支架，检测装置支架上安装有轴承座和电机支架，丝杠电机安装在电机支架上，并过丝杠联轴器与丝杠连接，丝杠螺母安装在丝杠上，轴承座上安装有光轴支座，光轴通过锁紧螺栓紧锁在光轴支座上，光轴上安装有直线轴承，编码器安装在编码器支架上，编码器支架安装在卷筒支架上，编码器通过卷筒联轴器与卷筒连接，编码器信号线和带状接触开关信号线连接到PLC输入端上。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于卷筒多层缠绕乱绳的检测装置，其特征是：所述的丝杠是滚珠丝杠，所述的丝杠螺母是滚珠丝杠螺母。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于卷筒多层缠绕乱绳的检测装置，其特征是：所述的电机是步进电机或伺服电机。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于卷筒多层缠绕乱绳的检测装置，其特征是：所述的编码器是增量式旋转编码器。
  5. 使用权利要求1所述的用于卷筒多层缠绕乱绳的检测装置的方法，其特征在于，检测方法包括如下步骤：
    (1)当卷扬电机转动带动卷筒缠绳或放绳使钢丝绳在卷筒上左右运动时，所述检测机构在丝杠电机的控制下，通过丝杠的传动使检测机构和穿过其内部的钢丝绳同步向左或向右运动，其换向是由编码器发出的脉冲进入PLC，通过与PLC内部程序中设定的数值做比较而决定的；
    (2)当乱绳现象出现时，由于钢丝绳在一个绳槽上缠绕，但所述检测装置继续向左或右运行，随后带状接触开关碰到钢丝绳，接触开关动作以示检测到乱绳，此时带状接触开关的触发信号传入PLC中，由内部设定程序发出报警并停机。
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