WO2016101227A1 - 无人机的飞行辅助方法和系统、无人机和移动终端 - Google Patents

无人机的飞行辅助方法和系统、无人机和移动终端 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016101227A1
WO2016101227A1 PCT/CN2014/095019 CN2014095019W WO2016101227A1 WO 2016101227 A1 WO2016101227 A1 WO 2016101227A1 CN 2014095019 W CN2014095019 W CN 2014095019W WO 2016101227 A1 WO2016101227 A1 WO 2016101227A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
drone
flight
mobile terminal
point
interest
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2014/095019
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
宋健宇
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SZ DJI Technology Co Ltd
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SZ DJI Technology Co Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by SZ DJI Technology Co Ltd filed Critical SZ DJI Technology Co Ltd
Priority to JP2017533572A priority Critical patent/JP6671375B2/ja
Priority to CN201480065128.4A priority patent/CN105793792B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2014/095019 priority patent/WO2016101227A1/zh
Publication of WO2016101227A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016101227A1/zh
Priority to US15/630,557 priority patent/US10795354B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Priority to US17/037,249 priority patent/US11474516B2/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/0011—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots associated with a remote control arrangement
    • G05D1/0044—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots associated with a remote control arrangement by providing the operator with a computer generated representation of the environment of the vehicle, e.g. virtual reality, maps
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/10—Simultaneous control of position or course in three dimensions
    • G05D1/101—Simultaneous control of position or course in three dimensions specially adapted for aircraft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D43/00—Arrangements or adaptations of instruments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64U10/00—Type of UAV
    • B64U10/10—Rotorcrafts
    • B64U10/13—Flying platforms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64U20/00—Constructional aspects of UAVs
    • B64U20/80—Arrangement of on-board electronics, e.g. avionics systems or wiring
    • B64U20/87—Mounting of imaging devices, e.g. mounting of gimbals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/0011—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots associated with a remote control arrangement
    • G05D1/0016—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots associated with a remote control arrangement characterised by the operator's input device
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/0011—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots associated with a remote control arrangement
    • G05D1/0022—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots associated with a remote control arrangement characterised by the communication link
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/0011—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots associated with a remote control arrangement
    • G05D1/0038—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots associated with a remote control arrangement by providing the operator with simple or augmented images from one or more cameras located onboard the vehicle, e.g. tele-operation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/02—Control of position or course in two dimensions
    • G05D1/0202—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to aircraft
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
    • G08C17/00—Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link
    • G08C17/02—Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link using a radio link
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
    • H04M1/72—Mobile telephones; Cordless telephones, i.e. devices for establishing wireless links to base stations without route selection
    • H04M1/724—User interfaces specially adapted for cordless or mobile telephones
    • H04M1/72403—User interfaces specially adapted for cordless or mobile telephones with means for local support of applications that increase the functionality
    • H04M1/72409—User interfaces specially adapted for cordless or mobile telephones with means for local support of applications that increase the functionality by interfacing with external accessories
    • H04M1/72415—User interfaces specially adapted for cordless or mobile telephones with means for local support of applications that increase the functionality by interfacing with external accessories for remote control of appliances
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64U2101/00—UAVs specially adapted for particular uses or applications
    • B64U2101/30—UAVs specially adapted for particular uses or applications for imaging, photography or videography
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64U2201/00—UAVs characterised by their flight controls
    • B64U2201/10—UAVs characterised by their flight controls autonomous, i.e. by navigating independently from ground or air stations, e.g. by using inertial navigation systems [INS]
    • B64U2201/104—UAVs characterised by their flight controls autonomous, i.e. by navigating independently from ground or air stations, e.g. by using inertial navigation systems [INS] using satellite radio beacon positioning systems, e.g. GPS
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64U2201/00—UAVs characterised by their flight controls
    • B64U2201/20—Remote controls
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
    • G01S19/38—Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system
    • G01S19/39—Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system the satellite radio beacon positioning system transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
    • G01S19/42—Determining position

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a flight assistance system and method for a drone.
  • drones such as fixed-wing aircraft, rotorcraft including helicopters
  • the drones have been widely used, for example, in the fields of detection, search and rescue.
  • flying far such as four or five hundred meters
  • control It is difficult to observe the heading angle of the drone, which is equivalent to blind flying. If there is no means of flying, the drone can easily fly.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a flight assistance system and method for a drone, a drone and a mobile terminal, to help the controller easily control the current flight position and flight state of the drone, and to control the drone accordingly. Flight.
  • a flight assistance method for a drone includes the following steps:
  • the flight forward of the drone is defined based on the location of the point of interest and the current location of the drone to achieve a headless mode.
  • the instruction to perform the flight assistance function is sent to a mobile terminal, and the mobile terminal communicates wirelessly with the drone.
  • the wireless terminal communicates with the drone through a Wi-Fi network, a 2G, 3G, 4G or 5G network.
  • the mobile terminal is a remote controller, and the remote controller is provided with a button for starting a flight assist function.
  • the mobile terminal is a tablet computer or a mobile phone, and a virtual button is disposed on the tablet computer or the mobile phone for starting a flight assistance function.
  • the mobile terminal is provided with a voice unit for broadcasting the orientation of the drone relative to the point of interest.
  • the point of interest is location information of a takeoff point of the drone.
  • the mobile terminal displays a satellite map and selects a point of interest on the satellite map.
  • the point of interest changes as the location of the mobile terminal changes.
  • the drone is equipped with a GPS and a height measuring device, and the current location of the drone is measured by a GPS and a height measuring device.
  • the heading of the drone is locked, and the return flight is performed, and the drone is connected to the execution time, the position of the drone and the position of the point of interest The line returns for the motion track.
  • the drone slows down until hovering.
  • the first threshold is 50 meters to 100 meters.
  • the point of interest surround mode is executed based on the defined flight direction of the drone.
  • the drone is accelerated in the radial direction while controlling the position and speed in the tangential direction.
  • the UAV locks the flight in a circular motion on a circle of a radius while controlling the speed to zero in the radial direction.
  • the heading control command and the roll control command are simultaneously received.
  • the locked flight moves in a circular motion on a circle of a radius while controlling the speed to zero in the radial direction.
  • a flight assistance system for a drone includes the following steps:
  • a receiving module configured to receive an instruction to perform a flight assistance function
  • a recording module is used to record the location of the point of interest and the current location of the drone
  • a definition module is configured to define a flight forward of the drone based on the location of the point of interest and the current location of the drone to achieve a headless mode.
  • the instruction to perform the flight assistance function is sent to a mobile terminal, and the mobile terminal communicates wirelessly with the drone.
  • the wireless terminal communicates with the drone through a Wi-Fi network, a 2G, 3G, 4G or 5G network.
  • the mobile terminal is a remote controller, and the remote controller is provided with a button for starting a flight assist function.
  • the mobile terminal is a tablet computer or a mobile phone, and a virtual button is disposed on the tablet computer or the mobile phone for starting a flight assistance function.
  • the mobile terminal is provided with a voice unit for broadcasting the orientation of the drone relative to the point of interest.
  • the point of interest is location information of a takeoff point of the drone.
  • the mobile terminal displays a satellite map and selects a point of interest on the satellite map.
  • the point of interest changes as the location of the mobile terminal changes.
  • the drone is equipped with a GPS and a height measuring device, and the current location of the drone is measured by a GPS and a height measuring device.
  • the flight assistance system of the drone further includes a trajectory returning module, wherein the trajectory returning module is configured to lock the heading of the drone based on the flight forward direction of the drone defined by the definition module, and The drone performs a return flight, and a connection between the position of the drone and the position of the point of interest is a motion trajectory return.
  • the method further includes a hover definition module, wherein the hover definition module is configured to: when the distance between the UAV and the point of interest is less than a first threshold during the execution of the return flight The drone slows down until it hovers.
  • the first threshold is 50 meters to 100 meters.
  • a surround mode control module is configured to execute the point of interest surround mode based on the defined flight direction of the drone.
  • the surround mode control module receives the execution of the pitch control command, controls the drone to accelerate in the radial direction, and performs position and speed control in the tangential direction.
  • the surround mode control module receives an execution roll control command to control the UAV lock flight to perform a circular motion on a circle of a radius while controlling the speed to zero in the radial direction.
  • the surround mode control module simultaneously receives the heading control command and the roll control command to control the rotation of the drone in a circular motion on the circle of the radius while controlling the rotation of the drone, and simultaneously control the speed in the radial direction to zero.
  • a drone includes a housing and a main controller disposed in the housing, the main controller is configured to receive an instruction to perform a flight assist function, and record a point of interest The location and the current location of the drone, and the flight forward of the drone is defined based on the location of the point of interest and the current location of the drone to achieve a headless mode.
  • the point of interest is location information of a takeoff point of the drone.
  • the instruction to perform the flight assistance function is sent to a mobile terminal, and the point of interest changes according to a change in location of the mobile terminal.
  • the drone is equipped with a GPS and a height measuring device, and the current location of the drone is measured by a GPS and a height measuring device.
  • the main controller is further configured to lock the heading of the drone based on the flight forward direction of the drone, and make the drone perform the returning time, the position and location of the drone
  • the connection between the locations of the points of interest is the return of the motion trajectory.
  • the main controller when the distance between the drone and the point of interest is less than a first threshold, the main controller is configured to slow down the drone until hovering.
  • the first threshold is 50 meters to 100 meters.
  • the main controller is further configured to execute a point of interest surround mode based on a defined flight direction of the drone.
  • the main controller is further configured to: define a module to receive a pitch control command, control the drone to accelerate in a radial direction, and perform position and speed control in a tangential direction.
  • the main controller is further configured to: define a module to receive an execution roll control command, control the UAV lock flight to perform a circular motion on a circle of a radius, and simultaneously control the speed to zero in the radial direction.
  • the main controller is further configured to receive a heading control command and a roll control command at the same time, and during the rotation of the drone, the locked flight is circularly moved on a circle of a radius, and the speed is increased in the radial direction. Control is zero.
  • An embodiment of the present invention is implemented, a mobile terminal for controlling the drone, the mobile terminal is configured to develop an instruction for performing a flight assist function, so that the drone is based on a location of the mobile terminal The current location of the drone defines the flight forward of the drone to achieve headless mode.
  • the wireless communication between the mobile terminal and the drone The wireless communication between the mobile terminal and the drone.
  • the wireless terminal communicates with the drone through a Wi-Fi network, a 2G, 3G, 4G or 5G network.
  • the mobile terminal is a remote controller, and the remote controller is provided with a button for starting a flight assist function.
  • the mobile terminal is a tablet computer or a mobile phone, and a virtual button is disposed on the tablet computer or the mobile phone for starting a flight assistance function.
  • the mobile terminal is provided with a voice unit for broadcasting the orientation of the drone relative to the point of interest.
  • the mobile terminal displays a satellite map and selects a point of interest on the satellite map.
  • the controller only needs to trigger the drone to perform the flight assist function, and the operator's eyes do not need to leave the display screen of the mobile terminal.
  • the freedom to control the flight path of the drone avoids blind flying and flying, and improves the flight experience of the controller.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a flight assistance method of a drone according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view of the frame of the drone of Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the surround control of the drone.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the control of the drone flying around the point of interest.
  • FIG. 5 is a functional block diagram of a flight assistance system of a drone according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a drone according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a frame of a mobile terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a flight assistance method for a drone provided by the present invention includes the following steps:
  • the mobile terminal 20 sends an instruction to perform the flight assistance function to the drone 10, and the mobile terminal 20 wirelessly communicates with the drone 10, and the signal of the drone 10
  • the receiver 15 receives the instruction of the flight assistance function and transmits an instruction of the received flight assistance function to the main controller 16 of the drone 10.
  • the mobile terminal 10 and the drone 20 implement wireless communication through a Wi-Fi network, a 2G, 3G, 4G or 5G network.
  • the mobile terminal 20 is a remote controller, and the remote controller is provided with a button 21 for starting a flight assist function.
  • the mobile terminal 20 can also be a tablet computer or a mobile phone, and the tablet or the mobile phone is provided with a virtual button for starting the flight assistance function.
  • the mobile terminal 20 displays a satellite map.
  • S102 record the location of the point of interest
  • the point of interest may be the take-off point of the drone 10 or the location of the mobile terminal 20.
  • the takeoff point is a position recorded when a sufficient number of positioning satellites are searched for after the UAV is powered on; when the mobile terminal 20 is installed with a GPS function, the mobile terminal 20 can pass through the mobile terminal 20
  • the GPS on the top records the position of the mobile terminal 20, that is, the point of interest changes as the position of the mobile terminal 20 changes.
  • the point of interest may also be any point selected on the satellite map displayed by the tablet computer or the mobile phone.
  • the points of interest may also be other points designed according to requirements, and are not limited to the embodiment.
  • the positioning component 13 includes a magnetic field sensor 131, a GPS positioning unit 132, and a distance sensor 133.
  • the magnetic field sensor 131 is a compass
  • the distance sensor 133 is a barometer.
  • the positioning component 13 is electrically connected to a main controller 16.
  • the main controller 16 is configured to detect operational data of the magnetic field sensor 131 and the GPS positioning unit 132.
  • the distance sensor 133 may be an ultrasonic sensor or the like, and is not limited to the embodiment.
  • the current location of the drone 10 is measured by the positioning unit 132 and the height measurer.
  • S104 Defining a flight forward direction of the drone based on the location of the point of interest and the current location of the drone;
  • the flight forward direction is a direction in which the pitch lever of the mobile terminal 20 for controlling the flight of the drone 10 controls the forward flight of the drone 10 with respect to the position of the point of interest.
  • the flight forward direction is a line extension line between the point of interest and the position of the drone 10, that is, the coordinate point of the point of interest in a two-dimensional plane.
  • a line extension line between the coordinate points of the two-dimensional plane where the drone 10 is located for example, the coordinates of the point of interest are (X0, Y0, Z0), and the position of the drone 10 is The coordinates are (X1, Y1, Z1), and the flight forward direction is a line extension line between the point of interest (X0, Y0) and the position point (X1, Y1) where the drone 10 is located.
  • S105 Based on the flight forward direction of the defined drone, the heading of the drone is locked, and the return flight is performed, and the drone is executed at a returning execution time, between the position of the drone and the position of the interest point.
  • the connection is for the return of the motion track;
  • the drone 10 can perform a headless mode, and the line between the position of the drone and the position of the point of interest is a motion trajectory return.
  • the pitch lever of the mobile terminal 20 controls the drone 10 to return to the navigation, the drone 10 uses the connection between the position of the drone and the position of the point of interest as a moving track. Fly in a direction close to the point of interest.
  • the drone 10 accelerates in a radial direction (in the radial direction) while being in a tangential direction (the drone 10 is centered at the point of interest, and the position of the drone 10 is at a point of interest)
  • the position and speed are controlled on the tangential direction on the circumference of the circle of the radius (the position control in the tangential direction is unchanged, and the speed control in the tangential direction is zero).
  • the acceleration of the drone 10 in the geodetic coordinate system As a control quantity, then convert this control quantity into the control quantity in the body coordinate system:
  • the drone 10 can achieve radial acceleration motion according to this control command, wherein ,
  • the rotation angle of the body coordinate system (xb, yb) with respect to the geodetic coordinate system (x, y) is also the yaw angle of the drone 10.
  • the unmanned person The machine slows down until it hovers.
  • the first threshold is between 50 meters and 100 meters. In other embodiments, the first threshold may be arbitrarily set according to requirements, and is not limited to the embodiment.
  • the operator's eyes can freely control the flight path of the drone without leaving the display screen of the mobile terminal 20, thereby avoiding blind flying and flying. At the same time, it improves the flight experience of the controller.
  • S106 Perform a point of interest surround mode based on a defined flight direction of the drone.
  • the operator usually needs the drone to monitor the points of interest (such as transmission line fault points, disaster frequency points, accident occurrence points, etc.) as a bypass flight monitoring.
  • the points of interest such as transmission line fault points, disaster frequency points, accident occurrence points, etc.
  • the UAV 10 When receiving the execution of the Roll control command, the UAV 10 locks the flight in a circular motion on a circle of a radius while performing position and speed control in the radial direction (the position is unchanged, the speed is zero). Equivalent to giving the drone 10 a tangential acceleration, as shown in FIG. 4, specifically, when the drone 10 receives a roll control command.
  • Command quantity desired control position of the drone 10 ,will The form of the polar coordinates is as follows:
  • the distance from the drone to the home point (ie, the point of interest) remains constant during the winding process.
  • the amount of deviation is calculated by the main controller 16 of the drone 10 to obtain a control amount, and the operation process is as follows:
  • the rotation angle of the body coordinate system (xb, yb) with respect to the geodetic coordinate system (x, y) is also the yaw angle of the drone 10.
  • centripetal force is determined by the maximum deflection angle allowed by the drone.
  • the maximum allowable speed is , related to the quality of the drone 10. If it is desired to increase the winding speed of the drone 10, the flying radius should be increased.
  • the UAV 10 When the drone receives both the Pitch control command and the Roll control command, the UAV 10 will perform centripetal or centrifugal motion.
  • the UAV 10 rotates itself, while the locked flight makes a circular motion on a circle of a radius, and performs position and speed in the radial direction. Control (position unchanged, speed is zero).
  • a flight assistance system 30 for a drone includes a receiving module 31, a recording module 32, a defining module 33, a track returning module 34, and a hover definition module. 35.
  • the receiving module 31 is configured to receive an instruction to perform a flight assistance function.
  • the receiving module 31 receives an instruction that the mobile terminal 20 sends a flight assistance function. Specifically, the signal receiver 15 of the drone 10 receives an instruction of the flight assistance function, and the receiving module 31 receives an instruction of the flight assistance function received by the signal receiver 15.
  • the recording module 32 is configured to record the location of the point of interest and the current location of the drone.
  • the point of interest may be the take-off point of the drone 10 or the location of the mobile terminal 20.
  • the takeoff point is a position recorded when a sufficient number of positioning satellites are searched for after the UAV is powered on; when the mobile terminal 20 is installed with a GPS function remote controller,
  • the GPS on the mobile terminal 20 records the location of the mobile terminal 20, that is, the point of interest changes as the location of the mobile terminal 20 changes.
  • the mobile terminal 20 can also be a tablet computer or a mobile phone, and the tablet or the mobile phone is provided with a virtual button for starting the flight assistance function.
  • the mobile terminal 20 displays a satellite map. Since the positioning unit 13 is disposed on the drone 10, the position of the drone 10 can be obtained by the positioning assembly 13.
  • the recording module 32 records the current location of the drone 10 obtained by the positioning component 13.
  • the definition module 33 is configured to define a flight forward direction of the drone based on the location of the point of interest and the current location of the drone.
  • the flight forward direction is a direction in which the pitch lever of the mobile terminal 20 for controlling the flight of the drone 10 controls the forward flight of the drone 10 relative to the position of the point of interest.
  • the flight forward direction is a line extension line between the point of interest and the position point of the drone 10, that is, the coordinate point of the point of interest in a two-dimensional plane a line extension line between the coordinate points of the two-dimensional plane where the unmanned aerial vehicle 10 is located, for example, the coordinates of the interest point are (X0, Y0, Z0), and the location of the drone 10
  • the coordinates of the flight are (X1, Y1, Z1)
  • the flight forward direction is a line extension line between the point of interest (X0, Y0) and the position point (X1, Y1) where the drone 10 is located.
  • the trajectory returning module 34 is configured to lock the heading of the drone 10 based on the flight forward direction of the drone defined by the definition module 33, and cause the drone to return to the execution time, the drone
  • the line between the location and the location of the point of interest is the return of the motion trajectory.
  • the drone 10 when the drone 10 receives a pitch control command, the drone 10 accelerates in a radial direction (in the radial direction) while being in a tangential direction (the drone 10) Controlling the position and speed at the center of the circle of interest, the tangential direction on the circumference of the circle with the distance from the position of the drone 10 to the point of interest (the position control in the tangential direction remains unchanged) , the speed control in the tangential direction is zero).
  • the acceleration of the drone 10 in the geodetic coordinate system As a control quantity, then convert this control quantity into the control quantity in the body coordinate system:
  • the drone 10 can achieve radial acceleration motion according to this control command, wherein ,
  • the rotation angle of the body coordinate system (xb, yb) with respect to the geodetic coordinate system (x, y) is also the yaw angle of the drone 10.
  • the hovering execution module 35 is configured to slow down the drone until hovering.
  • the first threshold is 50 meters to 100 meters. In other embodiments, the first threshold may be arbitrarily set according to requirements, and is not limited to the embodiment.
  • the operator usually needs the drone to monitor the points of interest (such as transmission line fault points, disaster frequency points, accident occurrence points, etc.) as a bypass flight monitoring.
  • the drone 10 is controlled to accelerate in the radial direction while controlling the position and speed in the tangential direction.
  • the surround mode control module 36 controls the drone 10 to lock the flight in a circular motion on a circle of a radius while controlling the speed in the radial direction.
  • the speed is zero. Equivalent to giving the drone 10 a tangential acceleration, as shown in FIG. 4, specifically, when the drone 10 receives a roll control command.
  • Command quantity desired control position of the drone 10 ,will The form of the polar coordinates is as follows:
  • the distance from the drone to the home point (ie, the point of interest) remains constant during the winding process.
  • the amount of deviation is calculated by the main controller 16 of the drone 10 to obtain a control amount, and the operation process is as follows:
  • the rotation angle of the body coordinate system (xb, yb) with respect to the geodetic coordinate system (x, y) is also the yaw angle of the drone 10.
  • centripetal force is determined by the maximum deflection angle allowed by the drone.
  • the maximum allowable speed is , related to the quality of the drone 10. If it is desired to increase the winding speed of the drone 10, the flying radius should be increased.
  • the surround mode control module 36 controls the drone 10 to perform a centripetal or centrifugal motion.
  • the UAV 10 rotates itself while the locked flight moves in a circular motion on a circle of a radius, and in the radial direction.
  • Position and speed control position unchanged, speed zero).
  • the operator's eyes can freely control the flight path of the drone without leaving the display screen of the mobile terminal, thereby avoiding blind flying and flying. At the same time, it improves the flight experience of the controller.
  • the unmanned aerial vehicle 10 provided by the embodiment of the present invention can be used as an auxiliary device for photography, photography, monitoring, and sampling, and can be mounted on a space base (such as a rotorcraft or a fixed-wing aircraft) and water. Fields (such as submarines or ships), roadbeds (such as motor vehicles) or space-based (such as satellites, space stations, or spacecraft).
  • a space base such as a rotorcraft or a fixed-wing aircraft
  • Fields such as submarines or ships
  • roadbeds such as motor vehicles
  • space-based such as satellites, space stations, or spacecraft.
  • the drone 10 includes a casing 11 , a platform 201 disposed on the casing 11 and capable of at least one axis rotation relative to the casing 11 , and a load 202 mounted on the platform 201 .
  • the pan/tilt head 201 is configured to implement the fixing of the load 202, adjust the posture of the load arbitrarily (for example, change the height, the inclination angle and/or the direction of the load), and stably maintain the load 202 in a determined posture. on.
  • the load 202 can be an imaging device such as a camera and a video camera.
  • the drone 10 further includes four arms 212 each connected to the housing 11, a power assembly 17 disposed on the arm 212 for driving the aircraft to fly, and a main controller 16.
  • the arm 212 may have a suitable shape such as a hollow arm shape, and may communicate with the inner cavity of the housing 211.
  • the main controller 16 functions as a key component of the drone 10, and can perform functions such as controlling various related components.
  • the main controller 16 is also electrically connected to the cloud platform 201 and the load 202 for controlling the cloud platform 201 and the load 202.
  • the UAV 10 further includes an International Medical University (IMU) 12, a positioning component 13, a memory 14, and a signal receiver 15.
  • IMU International Medical University
  • the inertial measurement unit 12, the positioning assembly 13, the memory 14, the signal receiver 15, the main controller 16, and the power assembly 17 are all mounted to the housing.
  • the inertial measurement unit 12 is configured to measure attitude information of the drone 10 .
  • the inertial measurement unit 12 includes a gyroscope 121 and an angular velocity meter 122.
  • the main controller 16 is electrically connected to the inertial measurement unit 12, and is configured to detect working data of the gyroscope 121 and the angular velocity meter 122, and receive a control signal received by the signal receiver 15. To control the drone 10.
  • the positioning component 13 includes a magnetic field sensor 131, a GPS positioning unit 132, and a distance sensor 133.
  • the magnetic field sensor 131 is a compass
  • the distance sensor 133 is a barometer.
  • the positioning component 13 is electrically connected to the main controller 16 .
  • the main controller 16 is further configured to detect operational data of the magnetic field sensor 131 and the GPS positioning unit 132.
  • the distance sensor 133 may be an ultrasonic sensor or the like, and is not limited to the embodiment.
  • the type of the memory 14 is an SD card, an MMC card, or a FLASH memory.
  • the memory 14 in this embodiment uses a 4G SD card, which can reduce the cost of the product.
  • the signal receiver 15 is configured to receive a remote control signal transmitted by the mobile terminal 20 and a GPS positioning signal that the drone wants to fly, and the received remote control signal and the GPS of the drone to fly A positioning signal is sent to the main controller 16.
  • the mobile terminal 20 is a remote controller, an ipad, an iphone, or the like. In other embodiments, the mobile terminal 20 can also be a ground station.
  • the main controller 16 can be implemented with an 8-bit or 32-bit MCU, and can have an SPI interface and/or an SDIO interface, as well as a PWM output and/or a DAC output capability. Since the cost of the 8-bit or 32-bit MCU is also low, when the main controller 16 in this embodiment is implemented by an 8-bit or 32-bit MCU, the cost of the product can be further reduced.
  • the main controller 16 is further electrically connected to the signal receiver 15 through an SPI protocol or an SDIO protocol. Specifically, the communication mode used between the main controller 16 and the signal receiver 15 is electrically connected by a 4-wire SPI, a 6-line SIDO-4bit or a 4-wire SIDO-4bit.
  • the signal receiver 15 is electrically connected to the positioning component 13 and the power component 17 .
  • the main controller 16 is configured to extract various working data of the gyroscope 121, the angular velocity meter 122, the magnetic field sensor 131, and the GPS positioning unit 132.
  • the main controller 16 is also used to control the power assembly 17.
  • main controller 16 can also be set according to actual needs, and is not limited to the embodiment.
  • the main controller 16 is further configured to receive an instruction sent by the mobile terminal 20 to perform a flight assistance function, record a location of a point of interest, and a current location of the drone 10, and based on the location of the point of interest and the drone 10 The current location defines the flight forward of the drone.
  • the mobile terminal 20 sends an instruction to perform the flight assistance function to the drone 10, specifically, the mobile terminal 20 and the drone 10 communicate wirelessly, and the signal receiver 15 of the drone 10 receives The flight assist function command transmits the received flight assistance function command to the main controller 16 of the drone 10 .
  • the point of interest may be the take-off point of the drone 10 or the location of the mobile terminal 20.
  • the takeoff point is a position recorded when a sufficient number of positioning satellites are searched for after the UAV is powered on; when the mobile terminal 20 is installed with a GPS function, the mobile terminal 20 can pass through the mobile terminal 20
  • the GPS on the top records the position of the mobile terminal 20, that is, the point of interest changes as the position of the mobile terminal 20 changes.
  • the flight forward direction is a direction in which the pitch lever of the mobile terminal 20 for controlling the flight of the drone 10 controls the forward flight of the drone 10 relative to the position of the point of interest.
  • the flight forward direction is a line extension line between the point of interest and the position point of the drone 10, that is, the coordinate of the point of interest in a two-dimensional plane.
  • a line extension line between a point and a coordinate point of the two-dimensional plane where the drone 10 is located for example, the coordinates of the point of interest are (X0, Y0, Z0), where the drone 10 is located
  • the coordinates of the position point are (X1, Y1, Z1)
  • the flight forward direction is an extension of the connection between the point of interest (X0, Y0) and the position point (X1, Y1) of the drone 10 line.
  • the main controller 16 is further configured to lock the heading of the drone 10 based on the flight forward direction of the drone, and cause the drone to perform the returning time, the position of the drone 10 and the The line between the positions of the points of interest on the two-dimensional plane is the return of the motion trajectory.
  • the drone 10 when the drone 10 receives a pitch control command, the drone 10 accelerates in a radial direction (in the radial direction) while being in a tangential direction (the unmanned The machine 10 performs position and speed control at a tangential direction on a circumference of a circle having a radius of a distance from the position of the drone 10 to a point of interest with the point of interest as a center (the position in the tangential direction) No change, and the speed control is zero).
  • the acceleration of the drone in the geodetic coordinate system As a control quantity, then convert this control quantity into the control quantity in the body coordinate system:
  • the unmanned aerial vehicle can achieve radial acceleration motion according to this control command.
  • the main controller 10 is configured to slow down the drone until hovering.
  • the first threshold is 50 meters to 100 meters. In other embodiments, the first threshold may be arbitrarily set according to requirements, and is not limited to the embodiment.
  • the operator In the remote control process of the drone, the operator usually needs the drone to monitor the points of interest (such as transmission line fault points, disaster frequency points, accident occurrence points, etc.) as a bypass flight monitoring.
  • the main controller 16 is further configured to perform a point of interest surround mode based on a defined flight forward direction of the drone.
  • the main controller 16 controls the drone 10 to accelerate in the radial direction while performing position and speed control in the tangential direction.
  • the main controller 16 controls the drone 10 to lock the flight in a circular motion on a circle of a radius while controlling the speed in the radial direction to zero.
  • This is equivalent to giving the drone 10 a tangential acceleration, as shown in FIG.
  • the command amount: the desired control position of the drone 10 will be The form of the polar coordinates is as follows:
  • the distance from the drone to the home point (ie, the point of interest) remains constant during the winding process.
  • the amount of deviation is calculated by the trajectory returning module 34 to obtain a control amount, and the operation process is as follows:
  • the rotation angle of the body coordinate system (xb, yb) with respect to the geodetic coordinate system (x, y) is also the yaw angle of the drone 10.
  • centripetal force is determined by the maximum deflection angle allowed by the drone.
  • the maximum allowable speed is , related to the quality of the drone 10. If it is desired to increase the winding speed of the drone 10, the flying radius should be increased.
  • the main controller 16 controls the drone 10 to perform centripetal or centrifugal motion.
  • the UAV 10 rotates itself while the locked flight moves in a circular motion on a circle of a radius, and in the radial direction.
  • the speed control speed is zero.
  • the main controller 16 is further configured to control the rotation of the pan/tilt head 201 and control the imaging device to take a picture while controlling the drone 10 to perform the point of interest surround mode.
  • the operator's eyes can freely control the flight path of the drone without leaving the display screen of the mobile terminal, thereby avoiding blind flying and flying. At the same time, it improves the flight experience of the controller.
  • the power assembly 17 includes a plurality of drive motors 171.
  • each of the driving motors 171 is electrically connected to an electronic governor (electrical adjustment).
  • Each electronic governor is electrically connected to the main controller 16.
  • the ESC is used to receive a control signal from the main controller 16 and control the rotational speed of the drive motor 171.
  • an implementation manner of the present invention provides a mobile terminal 20 for controlling the UAV 10, and the mobile terminal 20 is used to develop an instruction for performing a flight assistance function.
  • the drone 20 defines the flight forward of the drone based on the position of the mobile terminal 10 or the location of the point of interest selected by the mobile terminal 10 and the current location of the drone.
  • the mobile terminal 10 and the drone 20 implement wireless communication through a Wi-Fi network, a 2G, 3G, 4G or 5G network.
  • the mobile terminal 20 is a remote controller, and the remote controller is provided with a button 21 for starting a flight assistance function.
  • the mobile terminal 20 can also be a tablet computer or a mobile phone, and the tablet or the mobile phone is provided with a virtual button for starting the flight assistance function.
  • the mobile terminal 20 displays a satellite map, and the point of interest may also be any point selected on the satellite map displayed by the tablet or the mobile phone.
  • the mobile terminal 20 is provided with a voice unit 22 for broadcasting the orientation of the drone relative to the point of interest.
  • the voice prompts the location information and flight attitude information of the drone 10, including in which direction the drone 10 is in the controller or the mobile terminal 20, and how many meters the drone is from the controller or the mobile terminal 20. What is the height of the drone, for example, the voice broadcast "the drone is 30 degrees northeast, please look up the drone 50 degrees to see the drone", so as to better improve the controller's flight. Experience.
  • the flight assisting method and system, the drone and the mobile terminal of the present invention the controller only needs to trigger the drone to perform the flight assist function, and the controller only needs to trigger the drone to perform the flight assist function, the operator's eyes
  • the flight path of the drone can be freely controlled without leaving the display screen of the mobile terminal, thereby avoiding blind flying and flying, and improving the flight experience of the controller.

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Abstract

一种无人机的飞行辅助方法和系统、无人机和移动终端。该无人机的飞行辅助方法包括以下步骤：接收执行飞行辅助的指令；记录兴趣点的位置；记录无人机当前所在的位置；基于该兴趣点的位置与无人机当前所在位置定义无人机的飞行前向。

Description

无人机的飞行辅助方法和系统、无人机和移动终端 技术领域
本发明涉及一种无人机的飞行辅助系统和方法。
背景技术
近年来，无人机（例如固定翼飞机，旋翼飞行器包括直升机），得到了广泛的应用，例如在侦测，搜救等领域。操控者在操作运动体，如无人机的过程中，由于无人机一般体型较小，在飞远的情况下（如四五百米）用肉眼很难看清楚，在这种情况下，操控者很难观察出无人机的航向角度，就相当于盲飞，如果没有飞行的辅助手段，无人机就很容易飞丢。另外，如果使用FPV（First Person View，第一人称视角）模式来飞的话，过分专注于显示屏，最后也可能导致弄不清楚无人机当前的位置，导致迷失方向甚至飞丢，而且一边看FPV，一边注意无人机的位置，则会让用户体验大打折扣。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种无人机的飞行辅助系统和方法、无人机和移动终端，以帮助操控者轻松操控无人机的当前飞行位置和飞行状态，并能据此控制无人机的飞行。
本发明实施方式是这样实现的，一种无人机的飞行辅助方法，其包括以下步骤：
接收执行飞行辅助功能的指令；
记录兴趣点的位置；
记录无人机当前所在位置；
基于所述兴趣点的位置与无人机当前所在位置定义无人机的飞行前向，以实现无头模式。
其中，所述执行飞行辅助功能的指令发送于一移动终端，所述移动终端与所述无人机之间无线通讯。
其中，所述移动终端与所述无人机之间通过Wi-Fi网络、2G、3G、4G或5G网络实现无线通讯。
其中，所述移动终端为一遥控器，所述遥控器上设置有一启动飞行辅助功能的按键。
其中，所述移动终端为一平板电脑或一手机，所述平板电脑或所述手机上设置有一虚拟按键用于启动飞行辅助功能。
其中，所述移动终端设置有一语音单元，用于播报所述无人机相对于所述兴趣点的方位。
其中，所述兴趣点为所述无人机的起飞点的位置信息。
其中，所述移动终端显示有一卫星地图，在卫星地图上选取兴趣点。
其中，所述兴趣点随所述移动终端的位置变化而变化。
其中，所述无人机上安装有GPS和高度测量器，无人机当前所在位置通过GPS和高度测量器测得。
其中，进一步包括一步骤：
基于定义的无人机的飞行前向，所述无人机航向锁定，执行返航，所述无人机以返航执行时刻，所述无人机的位置与所述兴趣点的位置之间的连线为运动轨迹返航。
其中，进一步包括一步骤：
执行返航的过程中，当所述无人机与所述兴趣点之间的距离小于一第一阈值时，所述无人机降速直至悬停。
其中，所述第一阈值为50米-100米。
其中，进一步包括一步骤：
基于定义的无人机的飞行前向，执行兴趣点环绕模式。
其中，接收执行俯仰控制指令，所述无人机沿径向加速运行，同时在切线方向上进行位置与速度的控制。
其中，接收执行横滚控制指令，所述无人机锁定飞行以一半径的圆上作圆周运动，同时在径向上将速度控制为零。
其中，同时接收航向控制指令和横滚控制指令，所述无人机自转的过程中，锁定飞行以一半径的圆上作圆周运动，同时在径向将速度控制为零。
本发明实施方式是这样实现的，一种无人机的飞行辅助系统，其包括以下步骤：
一接收模块，用于接收执行飞行辅助功能的指令；
一记录模块用于记录兴趣点的位置和无人机当前所在位置；
一定义模块，用于基于所述兴趣点的位置与无人机当前所在位置定义无人机的飞行前向，以实现无头模式。
其中，所述执行飞行辅助功能的指令发送于一移动终端，所述移动终端与所述无人机之间无线通讯。
其中，所述移动终端与所述无人机之间通过Wi-Fi网络、2G、3G、4G或5G网络实现无线通讯。
其中，所述移动终端为一遥控器，所述遥控器上设置有一启动飞行辅助功能的按键。
其中，所述移动终端为一平板电脑或一手机，所述平板电脑或所述手机上设置有一虚拟按键用于启动飞行辅助功能。
其中，所述移动终端设置有一语音单元，用于播报所述无人机相对于所述兴趣点的方位。
其中，所述兴趣点为所述无人机的起飞点的位置信息。
其中，所述移动终端显示有一卫星地图，在卫星地图上选取兴趣点。
其中，所述兴趣点随所述移动终端的位置变化而变化。
其中，所述无人机上安装有GPS和高度测量器，无人机当前所在位置通过GPS和高度测量器测得。
其中，所述无人机的飞行辅助系统进一步包括一轨迹返航模块，所述轨迹返航模块用于基于所述定义模块定义的无人机的飞行前向，锁定所述无人机航向，并使所述无人机以返航执行时刻，所述无人机的位置与所述兴趣点的位置之间的连线为运动轨迹返航。
其中，进一步包括一悬停定义模块，在执行返航的过程中，当所述无人机与所述兴趣点之间的距离小于一第一阈值时，所述悬停定义模块用于使所述无人机降速直至悬停。
其中，所述第一阈值为50米-100米。
其中，进一步一环绕模式控制模块，用于基于定义的无人机的飞行前向，执行兴趣点环绕模式。
其中，所述环绕模式控制模块接收执行俯仰控制指令，控制所述无人机沿径向加速运行，同时在切线方向上进行位置与速度的控制。
其中，所述环绕模式控制模块接收执行横滚控制指令，控制所述无人机锁定飞行以一半径的圆上作圆周运动，同时在径向上将速度控制为零。
其中，所述环绕模式控制模块同时接收航向控制指令和横滚控制指令，控制所述无人机自转的过程中，锁定飞行以一半径的圆上作圆周运动，同时在径向上将速度控制为零。
本发明实施方式是这样实现的，一种无人机，其包括壳体以及一设置于所述壳体内的主控制器，所述主控制器用于接收执行飞行辅助功能的指令、记录兴趣点的位置和无人机当前所在位置，并基于所述兴趣点的位置与无人机当前所在位置定义无人机的飞行前向，以实现无头模式。
其中，所述兴趣点为所述无人机的起飞点的位置信息。
其中，所述执行飞行辅助功能的指令发送于一移动终端，所述兴趣点随所述移动终端的位置变化而变化。
其中，所述无人机上安装有GPS和高度测量器，无人机当前所在位置通过GPS和高度测量器测得。
其中，所述主控制器还用于基于所述无人机的飞行前向，锁定所述无人机航向，并使所述无人机以返航执行时刻，所述无人机的位置与所述兴趣点的位置之间的连线为运动轨迹返航。
其中，当所述无人机与所述兴趣点之间的距离小于一第一阈值时，所述主控制器用于使所述无人机降速直至悬停。
其中，所述第一阈值为50米-100米。
其中，所述主控制器还用于基于定义的无人机的飞行前向，执行兴趣点环绕模式。
其中，所述主控制器还用于定义模块接收执行俯仰控制指令，控制所述无人机沿径向加速运行，同时在切线方向上进行位置与速度的控制。
其中，所述主控制器还用于定义模块接收执行横滚控制指令，控制所述无人机锁定飞行以一半径的圆上作圆周运动，同时在径向上将速度控制为零。
其中，所述主控制器还用于同时接收航向控制指令和横滚控制指令，控制所述无人机自转的过程中，锁定飞行以一半径的圆上作圆周运动，同时在径向上将速度控制为零。
本发明实施方式是这样实现的，一种用于控制所述无人机的移动终端，所述移动终端用于发达执行飞行辅助功能的指令，以使所述无人机基于移动终端的位置与无人机当前所在位置定义无人机的飞行前向，以实现无头模式。
其中，所述移动终端与所述无人机之间无线通讯。
其中，所述移动终端与所述无人机之间通过Wi-Fi网络、2G、3G、4G或5G网络实现无线通讯。
其中，所述移动终端为一遥控器，所述遥控器上设置有一启动飞行辅助功能的按键。
其中，所述移动终端为一平板电脑或一手机，所述平板电脑或所述手机上设置有一虚拟按键用于启动飞行辅助功能。
其中，所述移动终端设置有一语音单元，用于播报所述无人机相对于所述兴趣点的方位。
其中，所述移动终端显示有一卫星地图，在卫星地图上选取兴趣点。
相对于现有技术，本发明的飞行辅助方法和系统、无人机和移动终端，操控者仅需触发所述无人机执行飞行辅助功能，操控者的眼睛不需要离开移动终端的显示屏就能够自如的操控无人机的飞行路径，避免了盲飞和飞丢，同时提高了操控者的飞行体验。
 附图说明
图1是本发明实施方式提供的无人机的飞行辅助方法流程图。
图2是图1中的无人机的框架示意图。
图3是无人机环绕控制示意图。
图4是无人机环绕兴趣点飞行的控制示意图。
图5是本发明实施方式提供的无人机的飞行辅助系统的功能模块图。
图6是本发明实施方式提供的无人机的立体示意图。
图7是本发明实施方式提供的移动终端的框架示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
以下结合具体实施方式对本发明的实现进行详细的描述。
请参阅图1，本发明提供的一种无人机的飞行辅助方法，其包括以下步骤：
S101：接收执行飞行辅助功能的指令；
请一并参阅图2-4，移动终端20发送执行飞行辅助功能的指令至无人机10，所述移动终端20与所述无人机10之间无线通讯，所述无人机10的信号接收器15接收该飞行辅助功能的指令，并将接收到的飞行辅助功能的指令发送至所述无人机10的主控制器16。本实施例中，所述移动终端10与所述无人机20之间通过Wi-Fi网络、2G、3G、4G或5G网络实现无线通讯。所述移动终端20为一遥控器，所述遥控器上设置有一启动飞行辅助功能的按键21。可以理解的是，在其他实施例中，所述移动终端20也可为一平板电脑或一手机，所述平板电脑或所述手机上设置有一虚拟按键用于启动飞行辅助功能。所述移动终端20显示有一卫星地图。
S102：记录兴趣点的位置；
所述兴趣点可以为所述无人机10的起飞点，也可以为移动终端20所在位置。具体来说，所述起飞点为无人机上电后，第一次搜索到足够多的定位卫星时所记录的位置；当所述移动终端20安装有GPS功能时，可以通过所述移动终端20上的GPS记录移动终端20的位置，也即，所述兴趣点随所述移动终端20的位置变化而变化。可以理解的是，当所述移动终端20为一平板电脑或一手机，所述兴趣点也可以是在所述平板电脑或所述手机显示的卫星地图选取的任意一点。可以理解的是，所述兴趣点也可以其他根据需求而设计的点，并不限于本实施方式。
S103：记录无人机当前所在位置；
由于所述无人机10上设置有一定位组件13，因此，可通过定位组件13来记录无人机10当前所在的位置。所述定位组件13包括一磁场感应器131、一GPS定位单元132、和一距离传感器133。本实施方式中，所述磁场感应器131为一指南针，而所述距离传感器133为一气压计。所述定位组件13电性连接至一主控制器16。所述主控制器16用于检测所述磁场感应器131和所述GPS定位单元132的工作数据。可以理解的是，在其他实施方式中，所述距离传感器133也可以为超声波传感器等，并不限于本实施方式。所述无人机10当前所在位置通过定位单元132和高度测量器测得。
S104：基于所述兴趣点的位置与无人机当前所在位置定义无人机的飞行前向；
所述飞行前向即为当用于控制所述无人机10飞行的移动终端20的俯仰杆控制所述无人机10相对所述兴趣点位置前向飞行的方向。如图3所示，所述飞行前向即为所述兴趣点与所述无人机10所在位置点之间的连线延长线，也即所述兴趣点在二维平面的坐标点与所述无人机10所在位置点在二维平面的坐标点之间的连线延长线，例如，所述兴趣点的坐标为（X0、Y0、Z0），所述无人机10所在位置点的坐标为（X1、Y1、Z1），所述飞行前向即为所述兴趣点（X0、Y0）与所述无人机10所在位置点（X1、Y1）之间的连线延长线。
S105：基于定义的无人机的飞行前向，所述无人机航向锁定，执行返航，所述无人机以返航执行时刻，所述无人机的位置与所述兴趣点的位置之间的连线为运动轨迹返航；
由于重新定义了无人机的飞行前向，所述无人机10可执行无头模式，而所述无人机的位置与所述兴趣点的位置之间的连线为运动轨迹返航。当所述移动终端20的俯仰杆向下控制所述无人机10返航时，所述无人机10以所述无人机的位置与所述兴趣点的位置之间的连线为运动轨向靠近所述兴趣点的方向飞行。具体地，所述无人机10沿径向（沿半径方向）加速运行，同时在切线方向（所述无人机10在以所述兴趣点为圆心，以无人机10所在位置至兴趣点之间的距离为半径的圆的圆周上的切线方向）上进行位置与速度的控制（切线方向上的位置控制不变，切线方向上的速度控制为零）。所述无人机10在大地坐标系下的加速度(
Figure WO228-appb-I000001
)作为控制量，然后将此控制量转化为机体坐标系下的控制量：
Figure WO228-appb-I000002
无人机10根据此控制命令便可实现径向的加速运动，其中
Figure WO228-appb-I000003
，
Figure WO228-appb-I000004
为机体坐标系统（xb, yb）相对于大地坐标系(x, y）的旋转角度，也为无人机10的偏航角。
本实施例中，为了避免所述无人机10在所述兴趣点附近来回震荡飞行，当所述无人机10与所述兴趣点之间的距离小于一第一阈值时，所述无人机降速直至悬停。所述第一阈值为50米-100米。在其他实施例中，所述第一阈值可以根据需求任意设置，并不限于本实施例。
通过本实施方式的无人机的飞行辅助方法，操控者的眼睛不需要离开移动终端20的显示屏就能够对无人机进行自如的操控无人机的飞行路径，避免了盲飞和飞丢，同时提高了操控者的飞行体验。
S106：基于定义的无人机的飞行前向，执行兴趣点环绕模式。
在无人机的遥控过程中，操作者通常需要无人机对一些兴趣点（如输电线路故障点、灾难频发点、事故发生点等）作为绕点飞行监控。
当接收执行横滚（Roll）控制指令，所述无人机10锁定飞行以一半径的圆上作圆周运动，同时在径向上进行位置与速度控制（位置不变，速度为零）。相当于给所述无人机10一个切向加速度，如图4所示，具体地，当所述无人机10接收执行横滚（Roll）控制指令。
命令量：无人机10的期望控制位置
Figure WO228-appb-I000005
，将
Figure WO228-appb-I000006
化成极坐标的形式如下：
Figure WO228-appb-I000007
，
其中
Figure WO228-appb-I000008
为无人机到home点（也即兴趣点）的距离，在绕圈过程中始终不变。
反馈量：无人机当前的位置
Figure WO228-appb-I000009
；
偏差量：无人机期望控制位置与当前位置的差值：
Figure WO228-appb-I000010
其中
Figure WO228-appb-I000011
表示x轴方向的位置偏差，
Figure WO228-appb-I000012
表示y轴方向的位置偏差。
偏差量通过无人机10的主控制器16运算后得到控制量，运算过程如下：
先运算得到大地坐标系下的控制量：
Figure WO228-appb-I000013
再将大地坐标系下的控制量转化为机体坐标系下的控制量：
Figure WO228-appb-I000014
其中
Figure WO228-appb-I000015
，
Figure WO228-appb-I000016
为机体坐标系统（xb, yb）相对于大地坐标系(x, y）的旋转角度，也为无人机10的偏航角。
如果此时无人机以速度
Figure WO228-appb-I000017
作圆周运动，则需要提供向心力
Figure WO228-appb-I000018
，同时在径向上进行位置与速度控制，锁定飞行在半径
Figure WO228-appb-I000019
的圆上，可以看出
Figure WO228-appb-I000020
与
Figure WO228-appb-I000021
成正比，与
Figure WO228-appb-I000022
成反比，而无人机可提供的最大向心力为
Figure WO228-appb-I000023
（该最大向心力由无人机允许的最大偏转角决定）。当无人机在半径为
Figure WO228-appb-I000024
的圆周上绕圈时，最大允许的速度为
Figure WO228-appb-I000025
，与无人机10的质量相关。如果希望提高无人机10的绕圈速度，则应增大飞行半径。
当无人机同时接收俯仰（Pitch）控制指令和横滚(Roll)控制指令时，所述无人机10将会做向心或离心运动。
而且无人机同时接收横滚(Roll)和航向（Yaw）控制指令时，所述无人机10自身转动，同时锁定飞行以一半径的圆上作圆周运动，并在径向上进行位置与速度控制（位置不变，速度为零）。
通过上述描述可知操作者并不需要高超的操作技能，就能使所述无人机执行兴趣点环绕，从而增加了操作者的体验。
请参阅图5，本发明实施方式提供的一种无人机的飞行辅助系统30，其包括一接收模块31、一记录模块32、一定义模块33、一轨迹返航模块34、一悬停定义模块35、一环绕模式控制模块36。
所述接收模块31用于接收执行飞行辅助功能的指令。
请一并参阅图2-4，所述接收模块31接收所述移动终端20发送执行飞行辅助功能的指令。具体地，所述无人机10的信号接收器15接收该飞行辅助功能的指令，所述接收模块31接收所述信号接收器15接收到的飞行辅助功能的指令。
所述记录模块32用于记录兴趣点的位置和无人机当前所在位置。
所述兴趣点可以为所述无人机10的起飞点，也可以为移动终端20所在位置。具体来说，所述起飞点为无人机上电后，第一次搜索到足够多的定位卫星时所记录的位置；当所述移动终端20安装有GPS功能的遥控器时，可以通过所述移动终端20上的GPS记录移动终端20的位置，也即，所述兴趣点随所述移动终端20的位置变化而变化。可以理解的是，在其他实施例中，所述移动终端20也可为一平板电脑或一手机，所述平板电脑或所述手机上设置有一虚拟按键用于启动飞行辅助功能。所述移动终端20显示有一卫星地图。由于所述无人机10上设置有一定位组件13，因此，可通过定位组件13来获得无人机10当前所在的位置。所述记录模块32记录所述定位组件13获得的所述无人机10当前所在的位置。
所述定义模块33用于基于所述兴趣点的位置与无人机当前所在位置定义无人机的飞行前向。
所述飞行前向即为当用于控制所述无人机10飞行的移动终端20的俯仰杆控制所述无人机10相对兴趣点位置前向飞行的方向。如图3所示，所述飞行前向即为所述兴趣点与所述无人机10所在位置点之间的连线延长线，也即，所述兴趣点在二维平面的坐标点与所述无人机10所在位置点在二维平面的坐标点之间的连线延长线，例如，所述兴趣点的坐标为（X0、Y0、Z0），所述无人机10所在位置点的坐标为（X1、Y1、Z1），所述飞行前向即为所述兴趣点（X0、Y0）与所述无人机10所在位置点（X1、Y1）之间的连线延长线。
所述轨迹返航模块34用于基于所述定义模块33定义的无人机的飞行前向，锁定所述无人机10航向，并使所述无人机以返航执行时刻，所述无人机的位置与所述兴趣点的位置之间的连线为运动轨迹返航。
如图3所示，当所述无人机10接收执行俯仰（pitch）控制指令，所述无人机10沿径向（沿半径方向）加速运行，同时在切线方向（所述无人机10在以所述兴趣点为圆心，以无人机10所在位置至兴趣点之间的距离为半径的圆的圆周上的切线方向）上进行位置与速度的控制（切线方向上的位置控制不变，切线方向上的速度控制为零）。所述无人机10在大地坐标系下的加速度(
Figure WO228-appb-I000026
)作为控制量，然后将此控制量转化为机体坐标系下的控制量：
Figure WO228-appb-I000027
无人机10根据此控制命令便可实现径向的加速运动，其中
Figure WO228-appb-I000028
，
Figure WO228-appb-I000029
为机体坐标系统（xb, yb）相对于大地坐标系(x, y）的旋转角度，也为无人机10的偏航角。
执行返航的过程中，当所述无人机100与所述兴趣点之间的距离小于一第一阈值时，所述悬停执行模块35用于使所述无人机降速直至悬停。本实施例中，所述第一阈值为50米-100米。在其他实施例中，所述第一阈值可以根据需求任意设置，并不限于本实施例。
在无人机的遥控过程中，操作者通常需要无人机对一些兴趣点（如输电线路故障点、灾难频发点、事故发生点等）作为绕点飞行监控。当所述无人机的飞行辅助系统30接收到执行俯仰控制指令时，控制所述无人机10沿径向加速运行，同时在切线方向上进行位置与速度的控制。
当所述飞行辅助系统30接收到执行横滚（Roll）控制指令时，所述环绕模式控制模块36控制无人机10锁定飞行以一半径的圆上作圆周运动，同时在径向上将速度控制速度为零。相当于给所述无人机10一个切向加速度，如图4所示，具体地，当所述无人机10接收执行横滚（Roll）控制指令。
命令量：无人机10的期望控制位置
Figure WO228-appb-I000030
，将
Figure WO228-appb-I000031
化成极坐标的形式如下：
Figure WO228-appb-I000032
，
其中
Figure WO228-appb-I000033
为无人机到home点（也即兴趣点）的距离，在绕圈过程中始终不变。
反馈量：无人机当前的位置
Figure WO228-appb-I000034
；
偏差量：无人机期望控制位置与当前位置的差值：
Figure WO228-appb-I000035
其中
Figure WO228-appb-I000036
表示x轴方向的位置偏差，
Figure WO228-appb-I000037
表示y轴方向的位置偏差。
偏差量通过无人机10的主控制器16运算后得到控制量，运算过程如下：
先运算得到大地坐标系下的控制量：
Figure WO228-appb-I000038
再将大地坐标系下的控制量转化为机体坐标系下的控制量：
Figure WO228-appb-I000039
其中
Figure WO228-appb-I000040
，
Figure WO228-appb-I000041
为机体坐标系统（xb, yb）相对于大地坐标系(x, y）的旋转角度，也为无人机10的偏航角。
如果此时无人机以速度
Figure WO228-appb-I000042
作圆周运动，则需要提供向心力
Figure WO228-appb-I000043
，同时在径向上进行位置与速度控制，锁定飞行在半径
Figure WO228-appb-I000044
的圆上，可以看出
Figure WO228-appb-I000045
与
Figure WO228-appb-I000046
成正比，与
Figure WO228-appb-I000047
成反比，而无人机可提供的最大向心力为
Figure WO228-appb-I000048
（该最大向心力由无人机允许的最大偏转角决定）。当无人机在半径为
Figure WO228-appb-I000049
的圆周上绕圈时，最大允许的速度为
Figure WO228-appb-I000050
，与无人机10的质量相关。如果希望提高无人机10的绕圈速度，则应增大飞行半径。
当所述飞行辅助系统30同时接收俯仰（Pitch）控制指令和横滚(Roll)控制指令时，所述环绕模式控制模块36控制所述无人机10将会做向心或离心运动。
而且当所述飞行辅助系统30同时接收横滚(Roll)和航向（Yaw）控制指令时，所述无人机10自身转动，同时锁定飞行以一半径的圆上作圆周运动，并在径向上进行位置与速度控制（位置不变，速度为零）。
通过上述描述可知操作者并不需要高超的操作技能，就能使所述无人机执行兴趣点环绕，从而增加了操作者的体验。
通过本实施方式的无人机的飞行辅助系统30，操控者的眼睛不需要离开移动终端的显示屏就能够对无人机进行自如的操控无人机的飞行路径，避免了盲飞和飞丢，同时提高了操控者的飞行体验。
请一并参图5-6，本发明实施方式提供的无人机10，其可以作为摄影、照相、监测、采样的辅助装置，可搭载于空基（例如旋翼飞行器或固定翼飞机）、水基（例如潜艇或船只）、路基（例如机动车辆）或天基（例如卫星，空间站，或飞船）等领域。
所述无人机10包括一壳体11、一设置于所述壳体11且可相对壳体11实现至少一个轴转动的云台201和搭载在所述云台201上的负载202。所述云台201用以实现所述负载202的固定、随意调节所述负载的姿态（例如：改变所述负载的高度、倾角和/或方向）和使所述负载202稳定保持在确定的姿态上。所述负载202可以为照相机和摄像机等成像装置。
所述无人机10还包括四个均与所述壳体11相连的机臂212、设置在所述机臂212上的用于驱动飞行器飞行的动力组件17、以及一主控制器16。所述机臂212可呈中空的臂状等合适形状，其可以与壳体211的内腔相连通。所述主控制器16作为所述无人机10的关键部件，可实现对各相关部件进行控制等功能。所述主控制器16还与所述云台201以及负载202电性连接，用于控制所述云台201以及所述负载202。
所述无人机10还包括一惯性测量单元（International Medical University，IMU）12、一定位组件13、一存储器14、一信号接收器15。所述惯性测量单元12、定位组件13、存储器14、信号接收器15、主控制器16以及动力组件17均安装于所述壳体。
所述惯性测量单元12用于测量所述无人机10的姿态信息。所述惯性测量单元12包括一陀螺仪121、一角速度计122。所述主控制器16与所述惯性测量单元12电性连接，其用于检测所述陀螺仪121和所述角速度计122的工作数据，并接收所述信号接收器15所接收到的控制信号以控制所述无人机10。
所述定位组件13包括一磁场感应器131、一GPS定位单元132、和一距离传感器133。本实施方式中，所述磁场感应器131为一指南针，而所述距离传感器133为一气压计。所述定位组件13电性连接至所述主控制器16。所述主控制器16还用于检测所述磁场感应器131和所述GPS定位单元132的工作数据。可以理解的是，在其他实施方式中，所述距离传感器133也可以为超声波传感器等，并不限于本实施方式。
所述存储器14的类型为SD卡、MMC卡或FLASH存储器。优选地，由于4G的SD卡成本较低，因此，本实施例中的所述存储器14采用4G的SD卡，这样则能够使产品的成本降低。
所述信号接收器15用于接收移动终端20发射的遥控控制信号以及所述无人机欲飞行的GPS定位信号，并将所述接收到的遥控控制信号以及所述无人机欲飞行的GPS定位信号发送至所述主控制器16。本实施例中，所述移动终端20为遥控器、ipad或iphone等。在其他实施例中，所述移动终端20也可以为一地面站。
本实施例中，所述主控制器16其可采用8位或32位的MCU来实现，并且可具备SPI接口和/或SDIO接口，以及PWM输出和/或DAC输出的能力。由于现今8位或32位的MCU的成本也较低，因此，当本实施例中的所述主控制器16采用8位或32位的MCU来实现时，能够使产品的成本更进一步降低。所述主控制器16通过SPI协议或SDIO协议进而与所述信号接收器15电性连接。具体地，所述主控制器16与所述信号接收器15之间所采用的通讯方式为4线SPI、6线SIDO-4bit或4线SIDO-4bit等方式电性连接。所述信号接收器15与所述定位组件13和所述动力组件17均电性连接。所述主控制器16用于提取所述陀螺仪121、所述角速度计122、所述磁场感应器131和所述GPS定位单元132的各个工作数据。所述主控制器16还用于控制所述动力组件17。
可以理解的是，所述主控制器16也可根据实际需求而设置，并不限于本实施例。
所述主控制器16还用于接收所述移动终端20发送的执行飞行辅助功能的指令、记录兴趣点的位置和无人机10目前所在位置，并基于所述兴趣点的位置与无人机10目前所在位置定义无人机的飞行前向。
所述移动终端20发送执行飞行辅助功能的指令至无人机10，具体地，所述移动终端20与所述无人机10之间无线通讯，所述无人机10的信号接收器15接收该飞行辅助功能的指令，并将接收到的飞行辅助功能的指令发送至所述无人机10的主控制器16。
所述兴趣点可以为所述无人机10的起飞点，也可以为移动终端20所在位置。具体来说，所述起飞点为无人机上电后，第一次搜索到足够多的定位卫星时所记录的位置；当所述移动终端20安装有GPS功能时，可以通过所述移动终端20上的GPS记录移动终端20的位置，也即，所述兴趣点随所述移动终端20的位置变化而变化。
所述飞行前向即为当用于控制所述无人机10飞行的移动终端20的俯仰杆控制所述无人机10相对兴趣点位置前向飞行的方向。如图3所示，所述飞行前向即为所述兴趣点与所述无人机10所在位置点之间的连线延长线，也即，也即所述兴趣点在二维平面的坐标点与所述无人机10所在位置点在二维平面的坐标点之间的连线延长线，例如，所述兴趣点的坐标为（X0、Y0、Z0），所述无人机10所在位置点的坐标为（X1、Y1、Z1），所述飞行前向即为所述兴趣点（X0、Y0）与所述无人机10所在位置点（X1、Y1）之间的连线延长线。
所述主控制器16还用于基于无人机的飞行前向，锁定所述无人机10航向，并使所述无人机以返航执行时刻，所述无人机10的位置与所述兴趣点的位置之间在二维平面上的连线为运动轨迹返航。
如图3-4所示，当所述无人机10接收执行俯仰（pitch）控制指令，所述无人机10沿径向（沿半径方向）加速运行，同时在切线方向（所述无人机10在以所述兴趣点为圆心，以所述无人机10所在位置至兴趣点之间的距离为半径的圆的圆周上的切线方向）上进行位置与速度的控制（切线方向上位置不变，且速度控制为零）。具体地，给无人机在大地坐标系下的加速度(
Figure WO228-appb-I000051
)作为控制量，然后将此控制量转化为机体坐标系下的控制量：
Figure WO228-appb-I000052
无人飞行器根据此控制命令便可实现径向的加速运动。
执行返航的过程中，当所述无人机100与所述兴趣点之间的距离小于一第一阈值时，所述主控制器10用于使所述无人机降速直至悬停。本实施例中，所述第一阈值为50米-100米。在其他实施例中，所述第一阈值可以根据需求任意设置，并不限于本实施例。
在无人机的遥控过程中，操作者通常需要无人机对一些兴趣点（如输电线路故障点、灾难频发点、事故发生点等）作为绕点飞行监控。所述主控制器16还用于基于定义的无人机的飞行前向，执行兴趣点环绕模式。当所述信号接收器15接收到执行俯仰控制指令时，所述主控制器16控制所述无人机10沿径向加速运行，同时在切线方向上进行位置与速度的控制。
当所述信号接收器15接收到执行横滚（Roll）控制指令时，所述主控制器16控制无人机10锁定飞行以一半径的圆上作圆周运动，同时在径向上将速度控制为零。相当于给所述无人机10一个切向加速度，如图3所示。具体地，命令量：无人机10的期望控制位置
Figure WO228-appb-I000053
，将
Figure WO228-appb-I000054
化成极坐标的形式如下：
Figure WO228-appb-I000055
，
其中
Figure WO228-appb-I000056
为无人机到home点（也即兴趣点）的距离，在绕圈过程中始终不变。
反馈量：无人机当前的位置
Figure WO228-appb-I000057
；
偏差量：无人机期望控制位置与当前位置的差值
Figure WO228-appb-I000058
其中
Figure WO228-appb-I000059
表示x轴方向的位置偏差，
Figure WO228-appb-I000060
表示y轴方向的位置偏差。
偏差量通过所述轨迹返航模块34运算后得到控制量，运算过程如下：
先运算得到大地坐标系下的控制量：
Figure WO228-appb-I000061
再将大地坐标系下的控制量转化为机体坐标系下的控制量
Figure WO228-appb-I000062
其中
Figure WO228-appb-I000063
，
Figure WO228-appb-I000064
为机体坐标系统（xb, yb）相对于大地坐标系(x, y）的旋转角度，也为无人机10的偏航角。
如果此时无人机以速度
Figure WO228-appb-I000065
作圆周运动，则需要提供向心力
Figure WO228-appb-I000066
，同时在径向上进行位置与速度控制，锁定飞行在半径
Figure WO228-appb-I000067
的圆上，可以看出
Figure WO228-appb-I000068
与
Figure WO228-appb-I000069
成正比，与
Figure WO228-appb-I000070
成反比，而无人机可提供的最大向心力为
Figure WO228-appb-I000071
（该最大向心力由无人机允许的最大偏转角决定）。当无人机在半径为
Figure WO228-appb-I000072
的圆周上绕圈时，最大允许的速度为
Figure WO228-appb-I000073
，与无人机10的质量相关。如果希望提高无人机10的绕圈速度，则应增大飞行半径。
当所述信号接收器15同时接收俯仰（Pitch）控制指令和横滚(Roll)控制指令时，所述主控制器16控制所述无人机10将会做向心或离心运动。
而且当所述飞行辅助系统30同时接收横滚(Roll)和航向（Yaw）控制指令时，所述无人机10自身转动，同时锁定飞行以一半径的圆上作圆周运动，并在径向上将速度控制速度为零。
所述主控制器16还用于在控制所述无人机10执行兴趣点环绕模式的同时，控制所述云台201转动，及控制成像装置拍照。
通过上述描述可知操作者并不需要高超的操作技能，就能使所述无人机执行兴趣点环绕，从而增加了操作者的体验。
通过本实施方式的无人机的飞行辅助系统30，操控者的眼睛不需要离开移动终端的显示屏就能够对无人机进行自如的操控无人机的飞行路径，避免了盲飞和飞丢，同时提高了操控者的飞行体验。
本实施例中，所述动力组件17包括多个驱动电机171。本实施例中，每个所述驱动电机171均电性连接至一电子调速器（电调）。每个电子调速器电性连接至所述主控制器16。所述电调用于接收所述主控制器16的控制信号，并控制驱动电机171的转速。
请一并参阅图2与图7，本发明实现方式提供的一种用于控制所述无人机10的移动终端20，所述移动终端20用于发达执行飞行辅助功能的指令，以使所述无人机20基于移动终端10的位置或移动终端10选取的兴趣点的位置与无人机当前所在位置定义无人机的飞行前向。
本实施例中，所述移动终端10与所述无人机20之间通过Wi-Fi网络、2G、3G、4G或5G网络实现无线通讯。本实施例中，所述移动终端20为一遥控器，所述遥控器上设置有一启动飞行辅助功能的按键21。可以理解的是，在其他实施例中，所述移动终端20也可为一平板电脑或一手机，所述平板电脑或所述手机上设置有一虚拟按键用于启动飞行辅助功能。所述移动终端20显示有一卫星地图，所述兴趣点也可以是在所述平板电脑或所述手机显示的卫星地图选取的任意一点。
所述移动终端20设置有一语音单元22，用于播报所述无人机相对于所述兴趣点的方位。例如，语音提示所述无人机10的位置信息和飞行姿态信息，包括无人机10在操控者或移动终端20的哪个方向的多少度、无人机距离操控者或移动终端20有多少米、无人机的高度是多少等，举例来说，语音播报“无人机在您的东北方30度，请抬头50度即可看到无人机”，从而更好的提高操控者的飞行体验。
本发明的飞行辅助方法和系统、无人机和移动终端，操控者仅需触发所述无人机执行飞行辅助功能，操控者仅需触发所述无人机执行飞行辅助功能，操控者的眼睛不需要离开移动终端的显示屏就能够自如的操控无人机的飞行路径，避免了盲飞和飞丢，同时提高了操控者的飞行体验。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换，或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims (52)

  1. 一种无人机的飞行辅助方法，其包括以下步骤：
    接收执行飞行辅助功能的指令；
    记录兴趣点的位置；
    记录无人机当前所在位置；
    基于所述兴趣点的位置与无人机当前所在位置定义无人机的飞行前向。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的无人机的飞行辅助方法，其特征在于：所述执行飞行辅助功能的指令发送于一移动终端，所述移动终端与所述无人机之间无线通讯。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的无人机的飞行辅助方法，其特征在于：所述移动终端与所述无人机之间通过Wi-Fi网络、2G、3G、4G或5G网络实现无线通讯。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的无人机的飞行辅助方法，其特征在于：所述移动终端为一遥控器，所述遥控器上设置有一启动飞行辅助功能的按键。
  5. 如权利要求2所述的无人机的飞行辅助方法，其特征在于：所述移动终端为一平板电脑或一手机，所述平板电脑或所述手机上设置有一虚拟按键用于启动飞行辅助功能。
  6. 如权利要求2所述的无人机的飞行辅助方法，其特征在于：所述移动终端设置有一语音单元，用于播报所述无人机相对于所述兴趣点的方位。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的无人机的飞行辅助方法，其特征在于：所述兴趣点为所述无人机的起飞点的位置信息。
  8. 如权利要求2所述的无人机的飞行辅助方法，其特征在于：所述移动终端显示有一卫星地图，在卫星地图上选取兴趣点。
  9. 如权利要求2所述的无人机的飞行辅助方法，其特征在于：所述兴趣点随所述移动终端的位置变化而变化。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的无人机的飞行辅助方法，其特征在于：所述无人机上安装有GPS，无人机当前所在位置通过GPS测得。
  11. 如权利要求1所述的无人机的飞行辅助方法，其特征在于：进一步包括一步骤：
    基于定义的无人机的飞行前向，所述无人机航向锁定，执行返航，所述无人机以返航执行时刻，所述无人机的位置与所述兴趣点的位置之间的连线为运动轨迹返航。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的无人机的飞行辅助方法，其特征在于：进一步包括一步骤：
    执行返航的过程中，当所述无人机与所述兴趣点之间的距离小于一第一阈值时，所述无人机降速直至悬停。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的无人机的飞行辅助方法，其特征在于：所述第一阈值为50米-100米。
  14. 如权利要求1所述的无人机的飞行辅助方法，其特征在于：进一步包括一步骤：
    基于定义的无人机的飞行前向，执行兴趣点环绕模式。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的无人机的飞行辅助方法，其特征在于：接收执行俯仰控制指令，所述无人机沿径向加速运行，同时在切线方向上进行位置与速度的控制。
  16. 如权利要求14所述的无人机的飞行辅助方法，其特征在于：接收执行横滚控制指令，所述无人机锁定飞行以一半径的圆上作圆周运动，同时在径向上将速度控制为零。
  17. 如权利要求14所述的无人机的飞行辅助方法，其特征在于：同时接收航向控制指令和横滚控制指令，所述无人机自转的过程中，锁定飞行以一半径的圆上作圆周运动，同时在径向上将速度控制为零。
  18. 一种无人机的飞行辅助系统，其包括以下步骤：
    一接收模块，用于接收执行飞行辅助功能的指令；
    一记录模块用于记录兴趣点的位置和无人机当前所在位置；
    一定义模块，用于基于所述兴趣点的位置与无人机当前所在位置定义无人机的飞行前向。
  19. 如权利要求18所述的无人机的飞行辅助系统，其特征在于：所述执行飞行辅助功能的指令发送于一移动终端，所述移动终端与所述无人机之间无线通讯。
  20. 如权利要求19所述的无人机的飞行辅助系统，其特征在于：所述移动终端与所述无人机之间通过Wi-Fi网络、2G、3G、4G或5G网络实现无线通讯。
  21. 如权利要求19所述的无人机的飞行辅助系统，其特征在于：所述移动终端为一遥控器，所述遥控器上设置有一启动飞行辅助功能的按键。
  22. 如权利要求19所述的无人机的飞行辅助系统，其特征在于：所述移动终端为一平板电脑或一手机，所述平板电脑或所述手机上设置有一虚拟按键用于启动飞行辅助功能。
  23. 如权利要求19所述的无人机的飞行辅助系统，其特征在于：所述移动终端设置有一语音单元，用于播报所述无人机相对于所述兴趣点的方位。
  24. 如权利要求18所述的无人机的飞行辅助系统，其特征在于：所述兴趣点为所述无人机的起飞点的位置信息。
  25. 如权利要求19所述的无人机的飞行辅助系统，其特征在于：所述移动终端显示有一卫星地图，在卫星地图上选取兴趣点。
  26. 如权利要求19所述的无人机的飞行辅助系统，其特征在于：所述兴趣点随所述移动终端的位置变化而变化。
  27. 如权利要求18所述的无人机的飞行辅助系统，其特征在于：所述无人机上安装有GPS，无人机当前所在位置通过GPS测得。
  28. 如权利要求18所述的无人机的飞行辅助系统，其特征在于：所述无人机的飞行辅助系统进一步包括一轨迹返航模块，所述轨迹返航模块用于基于所述定义模块定义的无人机的飞行前向，锁定所述无人机航向，并使所述无人机以返航执行时刻，所述无人机的位置与所述兴趣点的位置之间的连线为运动轨迹返航。
  29. 如权利要求28所述的无人机的飞行辅助系统，其特征在于：进一步包括一悬停定义模块，在执行返航的过程中，当所述无人机与所述兴趣点之间的距离小于一第一阈值时，所述悬停定义模块用于使所述无人机降速直至悬停。
  30. 如权利要求29所述的无人机的飞行辅助系统，其特征在于：所述第一阈值为50米-100米。
  31. 如权利要求18所述的无人机的飞行辅助系统，其特征在于：进一步包括一环绕模式控制模块，用于基于定义的无人机的飞行前向，执行兴趣点环绕模式。
  32. 如权利要求31所述的无人机的飞行辅助系统，其特征在于：所述环绕模式控制模块接收执行俯仰控制指令，控制所述无人机沿径向加速运行，同时在切线方向上将速度控制为零。
  33. 如权利要求31所述的无人机的飞行辅助系统，其特征在于：所述环绕模式控制模块接收执行横滚控制指令，控制所述无人机锁定飞行以一半径的圆上作圆周运动，同时在径向上进行位置与速度控制。
  34. 如权利要求31所述的无人机的飞行辅助系统，其特征在于：所述环绕模式控制模块同时接收航向控制指令和横滚控制指令，控制所述无人机自转的过程中，锁定飞行以一半径的圆上作圆周运动，同时在径向上将速度控制为零。
  35. 一种无人机，其包括壳体以及一设置于所述壳体内的主控制器，所述主控制器用于接收执行飞行辅助功能的指令、记录兴趣点的位置和无人机当前所在位置，并基于所述兴趣点的位置与无人机当前所在位置定义无人机的飞行前向。
  36. 如权利要求35所述的无人机，其特征在于：所述兴趣点为所述无人机的起飞点的位置信息。
  37. 如权利要求35所述的无人机，其特征在于：所述执行飞行辅助功能的指令发送于一移动终端，所述兴趣点随所述移动终端的位置变化而变化。
  38. 如权利要求35所述的无人机，其特征在于：所述无人机上安装有GPS，无人机当前所在位置通过GPS测得。
  39. 如权利要求35所述的无人机，其特征在于：所述主控制器还用于基于所述无人机的飞行前向，锁定所述无人机航向，并使所述无人机以返航执行时刻，所述无人机的位置与所述兴趣点的位置之间的连线为运动轨迹返航。
  40. 如权利要求35所述的无人机，其特征在于：当所述无人机与所述兴趣点之间的距离小于一第一阈值时，所述主控制器用于使所述无人机降速直至悬停。
  41. 如权利要求40所述的无人机，其特征在于：所述第一阈值为50米-100米。
  42. 如权利要求40所述的无人机，其特征在于：所述主控制器还用于基于定义的无人机的飞行前向，执行兴趣点环绕模式。
  43. 如权利要求42所述的无人机，其特征在于：所述主控制器还用于定义模块接收执行俯仰控制指令，控制所述无人机沿径向加速运行，同时在切线方向上将速度控制为零。
  44. 如权利要求42所述的无人机，其特征在于：所述主控制器还用于定义模块接收执行横滚控制指令，控制所述无人机锁定飞行以一半径的圆上作圆周运动，同时在径向上进行位置与速度控制。
  45. 如权利要求42所述的无人机，其特征在于：所述主控制器还用于同时接收航向控制指令和横滚控制指令，控制所述无人机自转的过程中，锁定飞行以一半径的圆上作圆周运动，同时在径向上进行位置与速度控制。
  46. 一种用于控制所述无人机的移动终端，其特征在于：所述移动终端用于发达执行飞行辅助功能的指令，以使所述无人机基于移动终端的位置与无人机当前所在位置定义无人机的飞行前向。
  47. 如权利要求46所述的移动终端，其特征在于：所述移动终端与所述无人机之间无线通讯。
  48. 如权利要求47所述的移动终端，其特征在于：所述移动终端与所述无人机之间通过Wi-Fi网络、2G、3G、4G或5G网络实现无线通讯。
  49. 如权利要求46所述的移动终端，其特征在于：所述移动终端为一遥控器，所述遥控器上设置有一启动飞行辅助功能的按键。
  50. 如权利要求46所述的移动终端，其特征在于：所述移动终端为一平板电脑或一手机，所述平板电脑或所述手机上设置有一虚拟按键用于启动飞行辅助功能。
  51. 如权利要求46所述的移动终端，其特征在于：所述移动终端设置有一语音单元，用于播报所述无人机相对于所述兴趣点的方位。
  52. 如权利要求46所述的移动终端，其特征在于：所述移动终端显示有一卫星地图，在卫星地图上选取兴趣点。
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US11474516B2 (en) 2022-10-18
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JP2018504690A (ja) 2018-02-15
CN105793792A (zh) 2016-07-20

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