WO2016095614A1 - 动车组车体及其分体式的外风挡 - Google Patents

动车组车体及其分体式的外风挡 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016095614A1
WO2016095614A1 PCT/CN2015/093665 CN2015093665W WO2016095614A1 WO 2016095614 A1 WO2016095614 A1 WO 2016095614A1 CN 2015093665 W CN2015093665 W CN 2015093665W WO 2016095614 A1 WO2016095614 A1 WO 2016095614A1
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Prior art keywords
windshield
section
end wall
small diameter
hole
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PCT/CN2015/093665
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
汪海燕
佘鹏
张方涛
鄢桂珍
万国强
Original Assignee
中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2016095614A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016095614A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D17/00—Construction details of vehicle bodies
    • B61D17/02—Construction details of vehicle bodies reducing air resistance by modifying contour ; Constructional features for fast vehicles sustaining sudden variations of atmospheric pressure, e.g. when crossing in tunnels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T30/00—Transportation of goods or passengers via railways, e.g. energy recovery or reducing air resistance

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of rail vehicles, in particular to an EMU body and a split type external windshield.
  • the end resistance of the motor car is mainly the pressure loss caused by the eddy current, which accounts for a large proportion of the total vehicle resistance.
  • the outer windshield coating is added to the end wall of the motor car to realize the smooth connection of the vehicle end and improve the aerodynamic performance of the motor train.
  • the external windshield in the prior art is generally designed as a whole, and is directly fixed to the end wall position of the vehicle body to realize the windshield function.
  • the program has the following technical problems:
  • an object of the present invention is to provide an EMU body and a split type outer damper thereof.
  • the split type external windshield provided by the present invention is installed on an end wall of the EMU body, and the external windshield includes a split windshield segment and a detachable repair windshield segment, wherein the repair windshield segment corresponds to the The inspection position of the end wall.
  • the service windshield segment comprises a left service windshield segment and a right service windshield segment at two corners of the lower side of the outer windshield.
  • the present invention also provides an EMU body comprising an end wall and an outer windshield mounted to the end wall, the outer windshield being the split outer windshield of any of the above. Since the above-mentioned outer windshield has the above technical effects, the motor train body having the outer windshield also has the same technical effect.
  • the outer side of the service windshield section is fixed to the end wall of the vehicle body by a locking screw, and the inner side of the inspection windshield section is provided with a hanging piece, and the end wall is provided with a hanging hole, The inside of the service windshield is hooked to the hanging hole through the hook.
  • the outer side of the maintenance windshield section is fixed by a locking screw, which realizes the fixing of the maintenance windshield section, and the inner side is connected to prevent the outer windshield section from being unstable when the outer locking screw is loose.
  • a locking screw which realizes the fixing of the maintenance windshield section
  • the inner side is connected to prevent the outer windshield section from being unstable when the outer locking screw is loose.
  • the hanging member is a hanging pin shaft
  • the hanging pin shaft has a small diameter section and a large diameter section which are adjacent to each other in the axial direction, and the end wall is provided with a large diameter hole and a small diameter which are connected to each other. a hole through which the large diameter section of the hook pin can pass, and the small diameter hole is inserted into the small diameter hole after the passage, and the small diameter hole is equivalent to the small diameter hole.
  • the hook pin is axially cut by a predetermined length from a middle portion of the cylinder to form the small diameter segment.
  • the head of the hook pin forms the large diameter section and its end portion is tapered.
  • an annular stage is disposed between the tail of the hook pin and the small diameter section, and an outer diameter of the annular stage is larger than an outer diameter of the small diameter section and the tail;
  • the hooking The pin shaft further includes a U-shaped card board, the tail portion is fixed in the mounting hole of the bottom of the U-shaped card board, and the ring stage stage is stuck at the mounting hole;
  • a mounting plate is disposed on an inner side of the inspection windshield, and an opening side of the U-shaped card is fixed to the mounting plate.
  • the end wall is provided with a mounting seat
  • the mounting seat comprises a fixing plate matching the shape of the inner side wall of the inspection windshield section, and a vertically disposed vertical plate; the fixing plate is fixed by fastening bolts In the end wall, the hanging hole is disposed on the vertical plate; the hanging pin is horizontally fixed On the inner side of the inspection windshield section.
  • the locking screw is inserted into the outer frame of the inspection windshield segment, and an anti-dropping pad and a supporting seat are sequentially disposed between the locking screw and the inner wall of the outer frame, and the supporting seat is closely attached.
  • the anti-drop pad is in close contact with the support base.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a specific embodiment of an outer windshield provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural view of the left-handed windshield segment of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic structural view of the windshield section of the right accessing of Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is a structural schematic view showing the position of the hook pin in Figure 2;
  • Figure 5 is a plan view of Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 is a left side view of Figure 4.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view showing the structure of Figure 6 after the hook pin is removed;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic structural view of the hook pin of Figure 4.
  • Figure 9 is a structural schematic view of the position of the locking screw of Figure 2.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a specific embodiment of an outer windshield provided by the present invention.
  • a split type outer windshield is installed on an end wall of an EMU body (not shown in FIG. 1), and the outer windshield may include a sealed windshield section 20 and a detachable inspection windshield section 10, as shown in the figure. 1
  • the service windshield section 10 and the enclosed windshield section 20 can be disposed around the perimeter wall.
  • the maintenance windshield section 10 corresponds to the inspection position of the vehicle body end wall. That is, the position of the service windshield section 10 corresponds to the location where it is often necessary to remove the windshield to access the internal components, such as the location of the electrical components of the end wall.
  • Such a split design when the need for maintenance, as long as the maintenance of the windshield section 10 can be dismantled, without the need for overall removal, can reduce maintenance time and improve efficiency. It can be understood that the parameters such as the position and size of the windshield section 10 can be designed according to the needs of the maintenance space.
  • the sealing windshield section 20 described herein is opposite to the inspection windshield section 10.
  • the maintenance windshield section 10 is based on the maintenance requirement, and the removal frequency is relatively high, and the detachable connection mode is adopted; the windshield section is sealed. 20, because there is no need to dismantle during maintenance, the connection method is more flexible.
  • the preferred solution is to adopt a relatively stable installation method, such as sealing through multiple sets of bolts from the inside. When removing, the operator can take the internal and external order. Lower bolt.
  • the service windshield segment 10 may include a left service windshield segment 10 and a right service windshield segment 12 at two apex angles at the lower end of the entire outer windshield, as shown in FIG. Since the electrical components on the underside of the end wall of the vehicle body are usually at two corners, which are located between the windshield and the outer windshield of the vehicle body, and the space is limited based on the operation space, the external windshield must be removed during the inspection of the electrical components.
  • the left access airshield section 10 and the right service windshield section 12 are correspondingly arranged at two locations. Only two small sections of detachable inspection windshield section 10 can be designed to meet the requirements of quick maintenance and ensure the overall firm installation effect. It should be noted that the “left” and “right” described in the text are viewed from the perspective of FIG. 1 , that is, when facing the end wall of the vehicle body, the left and right sides of the vehicle body end wall.
  • the present invention also provides an EMU body comprising a vehicle body end wall and an outer windshield mounted to the end wall, the outer windshield being the outer windshield of any of the above embodiments. Since the above-mentioned outer windshield has the above technical effects, the motor train body having the outer windshield also has the same technical effect.
  • the maintenance of the windshield section 10 is for the purpose of easy maintenance, and the removal speed directly affects the inspection efficiency.
  • the following embodiment improves the installation structure of the inspection windshield section 10 to realize quick disassembly and assembly of the inspection windshield section 10.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the left-handed windshield section of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the right-handling windshield section of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a structure of the position of the hanging pin of FIG. Show 5 is a plan view of FIG. 4; and
  • FIG. 6 is a left side view of FIG. 4.
  • the outer side of the maintenance windshield section 10 is fixed to the end wall of the vehicle body by the locking screw 14, the inner side of the maintenance windshield section 10 is provided with a hanging piece, and the end wall is correspondingly provided with the hanging hole 303, and the windshield section 10 is repaired.
  • the inner side is hooked to the attachment hole 303 by a hook.
  • the hooking member may specifically be the hooking pin 13 shown in FIG. 4, and the catching pin shaft 13 has a small diameter section 131 and a large diameter section 132 that are axially connected to each other, that is, the hooking pin shaft 13 is provided with a step.
  • the end wall is provided with a large diameter hole 303a and a small diameter hole 303b which are vertically connected, similar to the "keyhole" structure, as shown in FIG. 7, and FIG. 7 is a structural schematic view of the figure 6 after the pin is removed.
  • the large diameter section 132 of the hook pin 13 can pass through the large diameter hole 303a, and the small diameter section 131 can fall into the small diameter hole 303b, and the large diameter section 132 cannot pass through the small diameter hole 303b, thereby achieving horizontal locking. Horizontally attached.
  • the middle portion of the cylinder can be directly cut in the axial direction by a predetermined length, and the cut portion corresponds to the small diameter portion 131, as shown in FIG. 8, and FIG. 8 is the hook pin in FIG.
  • FIG. 8 is the hook pin in FIG. Schematic diagram of the shaft, the forming process is simple; and, after the hooking, the uncut portion corresponding to the small diameter section 131 is located in the large diameter hole 303a, and the cutting portion corresponding to the small diameter section 131 is located in the small diameter hole 303b, the cutting portion and the small diameter hole
  • the 303b is adapted, and the uncut portion is adapted to the large diameter hole 303a, so that the hook pin 13 can be effectively prevented from shaking and the hooking stability can be improved. It will be appreciated that it is also feasible that the entire commutation cut forms an annular step surface.
  • the tail portion 135 of the hook pin 13 has a U-shaped card plate 133.
  • the bottom of the U-shaped card plate 133 is provided with a mounting hole, and the hook pin 13 is fixed in the mounting hole, as shown in FIG.
  • the opening side of the card plate 133 is fixed to the mounting plate 111 of the left access windshield section 11, and the U-shaped card board 133 can be welded to the mounting board 111.
  • the cooperation of the U-shaped card plate 133 and the mounting plate 111 enables reliable mounting of the hook pin 13 and the left service windshield segment 11 such that the hook pin 13 extends beyond the service windshield segment 10 to provide a hooking operation space.
  • the hook pin 13 has a small diameter section 131 in the middle portion, and a tail portion 135 having an outer diameter smaller than the small diameter section 131, and an annular stage stage 134 having an outer diameter larger than both between the small diameter section 131 and the tail portion 135.
  • the tail portion 135 When mounted on the U-shaped card 133, the tail portion 135 is directly inserted into the mounting hole of the U-shaped card board 133, and the ring stage stage 134 is stuck at the mounting hole for reliable soldering.
  • the large diameter section 132 at the head of the hook pin 13 can be designed with a tapered section at the end of the large diameter section 132, and can be guided when inserted into the hanging hole 303.
  • the hook pin 13 can be horizontally fixed to the inner side of the outer windshield, and the end wall of the car body can be provided with a mounting seat corresponding to the hook pin 13, the mounting seat including the shape of the inner wall of the outer windshield
  • the matching fixing plate 301 as shown in FIG. 2, the fixing plate 301 of the mounting seat located on the horizontal section of the left service windshield section 10 is horizontally disposed, and the fixing plate 301 of the mounting seat located in the curved section of the left service windshield section 10 is inclined, It is convenient to arrange the fixing plate 301 in the space of the end wall to avoid interference with the inner side of the outer windshield.
  • the fixing plate 301 can be specifically fixed to the end wall by fastening bolts.
  • the mounting base further includes a vertically disposed vertical plate 302.
  • the hanging hole 303 is disposed on the vertical plate 302.
  • the fixing plate 301 and the vertical plate 302 are integrally formed and can be formed by bending the plate body. Easy to shape, reliable, and of course split settings are also possible.
  • the design is such that the hanging holes 303 are vertically disposed.
  • the hanging hole 303 is vertically disposed, and the hanging pin 13 is horizontally arranged.
  • the horizontally moving and repairing the windshield section 10 can be hooked, which is simple and easy, and the maintenance windshield section 10 needs to overcome the gravity upward and horizontally move. Detachment is obviously difficult to remove and reliable to install.
  • the manner of hooking is not limited to the above embodiment, and other hooking manners and mounting directions may be adopted.
  • the hanging holes 303 are horizontally disposed
  • the hanging members are vertically disposed, and when hooked, the vertical movement is performed to achieve the hooking
  • the structure of the hanging holes 303 and the hanging members can be consistent with the above embodiment.
  • the hooking member is not limited to the hooking pin 13 provided with a step, and may be a hook.
  • the hanging hole 303 is not limited to the above-mentioned "keyhole" structure, and may be The equal diameter hole and the long hole are only when the hook pin 13 shown in FIG. 3 falls into the small diameter hole 303b for hooking, and the small diameter hole 303b and the small diameter section 131 of the hook pin 13 can be matched, that is, the radial direction The distance is equivalent to help stabilize the hook pin 13 and reduce sway.
  • the outer side of the inspection windshield section 10 is fixed by the locking screw 14, and the fixing of the inspection windshield section 10 is realized, and the inner side is hooked to prevent the outer windshield section 10 from being unstable when the outer locking screw 14 is loosened.
  • the inside of the windshield section 10 is first attached and then the outer side is fixed by the locking screw 14; during the inspection, only the outer locking screw 14 needs to be removed, and then the maintenance windshield section 10 is moved to release the hanging component.
  • the access hole 303 can realize the removal of the inspection windshield section 10. Compared with the sealing windshield section 20, the quick disassembly and assembly of the inspection windshield section 10 is obviously realized, thereby greatly improving the inspection efficiency.
  • FIG. 9 is a structural schematic view of the position of the locking screw of FIG.
  • the end wall is provided with a fixing seat 304, and the locking screw 14 fixes the outer frame 11a of the left access windshield section 11 to the fixing seat 304, and the locking screw 14 is inserted into the threaded hole of the fixing seat 304 from the outside.
  • the locking screw 14 is sequentially inserted into the spacer 17, the outer frame 11a, the support base 16, the anti-dropping pad 15, and the fixing base 304, that is, between the locking screw 14 and the inner wall of the outer frame 11a.
  • the pad 15 and the support base 16, the anti-drop pad 15 abuts against the support base 16, and the support base 16 abuts against the inner wall of the outer frame 11a.
  • the anti-dropping pad 15 can prevent the locking screw 14 from coming off, prevent the locking screw 14 from being lost, and is convenient for the maintenance personnel to inspect.
  • the outer frame 11a of the left access airshield section 11 is thinner, and the support base 16 is provided to facilitate the stabilization of the locking screw 14.
  • connection details of the hook pin 13 and the locking screw 14 are described by taking the left-hand repair windshield section 11 as an example, and the right-hand repairing windshield section 12 is connected in exactly the same manner, which can be understood.
  • the locking screw 14 is inserted from the outside of the inspection windshield section 10, which is convenient for the maintenance personnel to disassemble.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

一种动车组车体及其分体式的外风挡，分体式的外风挡安装于动车组车体的端墙，所述外风挡包括分体设置的封固风挡段和可拆卸的检修风挡段，所述检修风挡段对应于所述端墙的检修位置。如此分体设计，当需要检修时，只要将检修风挡段拆开即可进行，无需整体拆除，可减少检修时间，提高效率。

Description

动车组车体及其分体式的外风挡
本申请要求于2014年12月18日提交中国专利局、申请号为201410796478.X、发明名称为“动车组车体及其分体式的外风挡”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及轨道车辆技术领域，特别涉及一种动车组车体及其分体式的外风挡。
背景技术
动车车端阻力主要为涡流导致的压力损失，占全车阻力的比例较大。为此，现有技术中在动车的端墙增加外风挡包覆，实现车端连接平顺化，提升动车组空气动力学性能。
目前，现有技术中的外风挡通常整体设计，直接固定至车体的端墙位置，实现风挡功能。但该方案存在下述技术问题：
车体内风挡和外风挡之间设有电气元件等，需要检修时，需要将外风挡整体拆除，工作难度高，效率低下，导致停车时间偏长。
有鉴于此，亟待改进外风挡的结构，以减小风阻，是本领域技术人员亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题，本发明的目的为提供一种动车组车体及其分体式的外风挡。
本发明提供的分体式的外风挡，安装于动车组车体的端墙，所述外风挡包括分体设置的封固风挡段和可拆卸的检修风挡段，所述检修风挡段对应于所述端墙的检修位置。
如此分体设计，当需要检修时，只要将检修风挡段拆开即可进行，无需整体拆除，可减少检修时间，提高效率。
可选地，所述检修风挡段包括位于所述外风挡下侧的两个顶角处的左检修风挡段和右检修风挡段。
本发明还提供一种动车组车体，包括端墙和安装于所述端墙的外风挡，所述外风挡为上述任一项所述的分体式的外风挡。由于上述外风挡具有上述技术效果，具有该外风挡的动车组车体也具有相同的技术效果。
可选地，所述检修风挡段的外侧通过锁紧螺钉与所述车体的端墙固定，所述检修风挡段的内侧设有挂接件，所述端墙设有挂接孔，所述检修风挡段的内侧通过所述挂接件挂接于所述挂接孔。
检修风挡段的外侧采用锁紧螺钉固定，实现了检修风挡段的固定，而内侧挂接，可防止外侧锁紧螺钉松动时，检修风挡段不稳固。安装时，先挂接检修风挡段的内侧，再将外侧通过锁紧螺钉固定；检修时，则仅需拆除外侧的锁紧螺钉，再移动检修风挡段以使挂接件脱离挂接孔，即可实现检修风挡段的拆除，相较于封固风挡段，显然实现了检修风挡段的快速拆装，从而大幅提高检修效率。
可选地，所述挂接件为挂接销轴，所述挂接销轴具有沿其轴向相接的小径段和大径段，所述端墙设有相接的大径孔和小径孔，所述挂接销轴的大径段能够穿过所述大径孔，穿过后所述小径段落入所述小径孔内挂接，所述小径孔与所述小径段孔径相当。
可选地，所述挂接销轴由柱体的中部沿轴向切削预定长度形成所述小径段。
可选地，所述挂接销轴的头部形成所述大径段，且其端部呈锥形。
可选地，所述挂接销轴的尾部和所述小径段之间设有环形台阶段，所述环形台阶段的外径大于所述小径段和所述尾部的外径；所述挂接销轴还包括U形卡板，所述尾部插入所述U形卡板底部的安装孔内固定，所述环形台阶段卡于所述安装孔处；
所述检修风挡段的内侧设有安装板，所述U形卡板的开口侧面固定于所述安装板。
可选地，所述端墙设有安装座，所述安装座包括与所述检修风挡段内侧壁形状匹配的固定板，以及竖向设置的竖向板；所述固定板通过紧固螺栓固定于所述端墙，所述挂接孔设于所述竖向板；所述挂接销轴水平固定 于所述检修风挡段的内侧。
可选地，所述锁紧螺钉插入所述检修风挡段的外侧骨架，且所述锁紧螺钉与所述外侧骨架的内壁之间依次设有防脱垫和支撑座，所述支撑座紧贴于所述外侧骨架的内壁，所述防脱垫紧贴于所述支撑座。
附图说明
图1为本发明所提供外风挡一种具体实施例的结构示意图；
图2为图1中左检修风挡段的结构示意图；
图3为图1中右检修风挡段的结构示意图；
图4为图2中设有挂接销轴位置的结构示意图；
图5为图4的俯视图；
图6为图4的左视图；
图7为图6中拆除挂接销轴后的结构示意图；
图8为图4中挂接销轴的结构示意图；
图9为图2中锁紧螺钉位置的结构示意图。
图1-9中：
10检修风挡段、11左检修风挡段、11a外侧骨架、111安装板、12右检修风挡段、13挂接销轴、131小径段、132大径段、133U形卡板、134环形台阶段、135尾部、14锁紧螺钉、15防脱垫、16支撑座、17垫片、20封固风挡段、301固定板、302竖向板、303挂接孔、303a大径孔、303b小径孔、304固定座。
具体实施方式
为了使本领域的技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案，下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
请参考图1，图1为本发明所提供外风挡一种具体实施例的结构示意图。
一种分体式的外风挡，安装于动车组车体的端墙(图1中未示出)，外风挡可以包括分体设置的封固风挡段20和可拆卸的检修风挡段10，如图1 所示，检修风挡段10和封固风挡段20可环绕端墙的四周设置。检修风挡段10对应于车体端墙的检修位置。即检修风挡段10的位置对应于经常需要拆除风挡以进行检修内部元件的位置，比如，对应于端墙电气元件的位置。
如此分体设计，当需要检修时，只要将检修风挡段10拆开即可进行，无需整体拆除，可减少检修时间，提高效率。可以理解，检修风挡段10的位置、尺寸等参数，可以根据检修空间需要设计。
需要说明的是，此处所述的封固风挡段20，与检修风挡段10属于相对的概念，检修风挡段10基于检修需要，拆除频率较高，采取可拆卸的连接方式；封固风挡段20，由于检修时也无需拆除，故其连接方式更为灵活，优选的方案是采取较为稳固的安装方式，比如自内部通过多组螺栓封固，拆除时，操作人员可自内部向外依次取下螺栓。
具体地，检修风挡段10可以包括位于整个外风挡下端的两个顶角处的左检修风挡段10和右检修风挡段12，如图1所示。由于车体端墙下侧的电气元件等通常处于两个顶角处，位于车体内风挡和外风挡之间，而该处基于操作空间限制，对电气元件进行检修时必须拆除外风挡，故可将两处位置对应设置左检修风挡段10和右检修风挡段12。只设计两小段可拆卸的检修风挡段10即可满足快速检修需求，并保证整体的牢固安装效果。需要说明的是，文中所述的“左”、“右”以图1为视角，即面对车体端墙时，车体端墙的左、右。
除了上述的外风挡，本发明还提供一种动车组车体，包括车体端墙和安装于端墙的外风挡，所述外风挡为上述任一实施例所述的外风挡。由于上述外风挡具有上述技术效果，具有该外风挡的动车组车体也具有相同的技术效果。
鉴于上述设计，检修风挡段10是为了便于检修，则其拆除速度直接影响检修效率，下述实施例对检修风挡段10的安装结构作了改进，以实现检修风挡段10的快速拆装。
请参考图2-6，图2为图1中左检修风挡段的结构示意图；图3为图1中右检修风挡段的结构示意图；图4为图2中设有挂接销轴位置的结构示 意图；图5为图4的俯视图；图6为图4的左视图。
具体地，检修风挡段10的外侧通过锁紧螺钉14与车体的端墙固定，检修风挡段10的内侧设有挂接件，端墙则相应地设有挂接孔303，检修风挡段10的内侧通过挂接件挂接于挂接孔303。
挂接件具体可以是图4中所示的挂接销轴13，挂接销轴13具有沿其轴向相接的小径段131和大径段132，即挂接销轴13设有台阶，端墙则设有竖向相接的大径孔303a和小径孔303b，类似“钥匙孔”结构，如图7所示，图7为图6中拆除挂接销轴后的结构示意图。挂接销轴13的大径段132能够穿过大径孔303a，穿过后小径段131可落入小径孔303b内，大径段132无法通过小径孔303b，继而实现水平方向的卡挂，即水平挂接。
为了便于形成所需的挂接销轴13，可以直接将柱体的中部沿轴向切削预定长度，切削的部分对应为小径段131，如图8所示，图8为图4中挂接销轴的结构示意图，该种形成工艺简单；而且，挂接后，小径段131对应的未切削部分位于大径孔303a中，小径段131对应的切削部分位于小径孔303b中，切削部位与小径孔303b适配，未切削部位与大径孔303a适配，可以有效防止挂接销轴13晃动，提高挂接稳定性。可以理解，整个换向切削形成环状台阶面也是可行的。
图8中，挂接销轴13的尾部135具有U形卡板133，U形卡板133的底部设有安装孔，挂接销轴13固定于安装孔中，如图4所示，U形卡板133的开孔侧面固定于左检修风挡段11的安装板111上，U形卡板133可以焊接于安装板111。U形卡板133和安装板111的配合实现了挂接销轴13与左检修风挡段11的可靠安装，使得挂接销轴13伸出检修风挡段10之外，以提供挂接操作空间。
此时，挂接销轴13具有中部的小径段131、以及外径小于小径段131的尾部135，小径段131和尾部135之间具有外径大于二者的环形台阶段134。安装于U形卡板133时，直接将尾部135插入U形卡板133的安装孔，环形台阶段134卡于安装孔处，以实施可靠焊接固定。
进一步地，位于挂接销轴13头部的大径段132，可以设计有位于大径段132端部的锥形段，则插入挂接孔303时，可以起到导向的作用。
为了便于实现该种挂接，挂接销轴13可以水平固定于外风挡的内侧，车体的端墙则可以设置与挂接销轴13对应的安装座，安装座包括与外风挡内侧壁形状匹配的固定板301，如图2所示，位于左检修风挡段10水平段上的安装座的固定板301水平设置，位于左检修风挡段10弯曲段的安装座的固定板301倾斜设置，如此便于固定板301在端墙的空间布置，以避免与外风挡内侧干涉。固定板301具体可通过紧固螺栓固定于端墙。
安装座还包括竖向设置的竖向板302，挂接孔303设于竖向板302，图中所示的固定板301和竖向板302为一体式结构，可以由板体折弯形成，易于成型，强度可靠，当然分体设置也是可行的。如此设计，使得挂接孔303均竖向设置。
即挂接孔303竖向设置，挂接销轴13水平设置，安装时，直接水平移动检修风挡段10即可实现挂接，简单易行，且检修风挡段10需要克服重力向上并水平移动才能脱离，显然脱离难度大，安装可靠。
可以理解，挂接的方式并不限于上述实施例，还可以采取其他挂接方式和挂接方向。比如，挂接孔303水平设置，挂接件竖向设置，挂接时，竖向移动以实现挂接，挂接孔303和挂接件的结构可以与上述实施例一致。
当然，无论采取何种挂接方式，挂接件并不限于设有台阶的挂接销轴13，比如，可以是卡钩，挂接孔303也并不限于上述“钥匙孔”结构，可以是等径孔、长条孔，只是如图3所示的挂接销轴13落入小径孔303b实现挂接时，小径孔303b和挂接销轴13的小径段131可以相匹配，即径向距离相当，有助于稳定挂接销轴13，减少晃动。
上述实施例中，检修风挡段10的外侧采用锁紧螺钉14固定，实现了检修风挡段10的固定，而内侧挂接，可防止外侧锁紧螺钉14松动时，检修风挡段10不稳固。安装时，先挂接检修风挡段10的内侧，再将外侧通过锁紧螺钉14固定；检修时，则仅需拆除外侧的锁紧螺钉14，再移动检修风挡段10以使挂接件脱离挂接孔303，即可实现检修风挡段10的拆除，相较于封固风挡段20，显然实现了检修风挡段10的快速拆装，从而大幅提高检修效率。
对于上述各实施例，锁紧螺钉14和外风挡的固定具体可以参考图9 所示，图9为图2中锁紧螺钉位置的结构示意图。
端墙设有固定座304，锁紧螺钉14固定左检修风挡段11的外侧骨架11a于所述固定座304，锁紧螺钉14自外侧插入固定座304的螺纹孔中。如图9所示，锁紧螺钉14依次插入垫片17、外侧骨架11a、支撑座16、防脱垫15、固定座304，即锁紧螺钉14与外侧骨架11a的内壁之间设有防脱垫15和支撑座16，防脱垫15贴紧支撑座16，支撑座16贴紧外侧骨架11a的内壁。防脱垫15可阻止锁紧螺钉14的脱落，防止锁紧螺钉14丢失，便于检修人员检修。左检修风挡段11的外侧骨架11a厚度较薄，设置支撑座16便于锁紧螺钉14的稳固。
上述实施例中，挂接销轴13以及锁紧螺钉14的具体连接细节以左检修风挡段11为例说明，右检修风挡段12的连接方式与之完全相同，可参照理解。锁紧螺钉14自检修风挡段10的外侧插入，可便于检修人员拆装。
以上对本发明所提供的一种动车组车体及其分体式的外风挡均进行了详细介绍。本文中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰，这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种分体式的外风挡，安装于动车组车体的端墙，其特征在于，所述外风挡包括分体设置的封固风挡段(20)和可拆卸的检修风挡段(10)，所述检修风挡段(10)对应于所述端墙的检修位置。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的外风挡，其特征在于，所述检修风挡段(10)包括位于所述外风挡下侧的两个顶角处的左检修风挡段(11)和右检修风挡段(12)。
  3. 一种动车组车体，包括端墙和安装于所述端墙的外风挡，其特征在于，所述外风挡为权利要求1或2所述的分体式的外风挡。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的动车组车体，其特征在于，所述检修风挡段(10)的外侧通过锁紧螺钉(14)与所述车体的端墙固定，所述检修风挡段(10)的内侧设有挂接件，所述端墙设有挂接孔(303)，所述检修风挡段(10)的内侧通过所述挂接件挂接于所述挂接孔(303)。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的动车组车体，其特征在于，所述挂接件为挂接销轴(13)，所述挂接销轴(13)具有沿其轴向相接的小径段(131)和大径段(132)，所述端墙设有相接的大径孔(303a)和小径孔(303b)，所述挂接销轴(13)的大径段(132)能够穿过所述大径孔(303a)，穿过后所述小径段(131)落入所述小径孔(303b)内挂接，所述小径孔(303b)与所述小径段(131)孔径相当。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的动车组车体，其特征在于，所述挂接销轴(13)由柱体的中部沿轴向切削预定长度形成所述小径段(131)。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的动车组车体，其特征在于，所述挂接销轴(13)的头部形成所述大径段(132)，且其端部呈锥形。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的动车组车体，其特征在于，所述挂接销轴(13)的尾部(135)和所述小径段(131)之间设有环形台阶段(134)，所述环形台阶段(134)的外径大于所述小径段(131)和所述尾部(135)的外径；所述挂接销轴(13)还包括U形卡板(133)，所述尾部(135)插入所述U形卡板(133)底部的安装孔内固定，所述环形台阶段(134)卡于所述 安装孔处；
    所述检修风挡段(10)的内侧设有安装板(111)，所述U形卡板(133)的开口侧面固定于所述安装板(111)。
  9. 如权利要求4-8任一项所述的动车组车体，其特征在于，所述端墙设有安装座，所述安装座包括与所述检修风挡段(10)内侧壁形状匹配的固定板(301)，以及竖向设置的竖向板(302)；所述固定板(301)通过紧固螺栓固定于所述端墙，所述挂接孔(303)设于所述竖向板(302)；所述挂接销轴(13)水平固定于所述检修风挡段(10)的内侧。
  10. 如权利要求4-8任一项所述的动车组车体，其特征在于，所述锁紧螺钉(14)插入所述检修风挡段(10)的外侧骨架，且所述锁紧螺钉(14)与所述外侧骨架的内壁之间依次设有防脱垫(15)和支撑座(16)，所述支撑座(16)紧贴于所述外侧骨架的内壁，所述防脱垫(15)紧贴于所述支撑座(16)。
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