WO2016087195A1 - Akkumulator-anordnung für ein fahrzeug - Google Patents
Akkumulator-anordnung für ein fahrzeug Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016087195A1 WO2016087195A1 PCT/EP2015/076869 EP2015076869W WO2016087195A1 WO 2016087195 A1 WO2016087195 A1 WO 2016087195A1 EP 2015076869 W EP2015076869 W EP 2015076869W WO 2016087195 A1 WO2016087195 A1 WO 2016087195A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- air
- accumulator
- supply air
- filter device
- metal
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001473 noxious effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical class S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052815 sulfur oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002594 sorbent Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 4
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HPGPEWYJWRWDTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium peroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][O-] HPGPEWYJWRWDTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002121 nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018071 Li 2 O 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002241 glass-ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 pollen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
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- B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
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- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
- B60L2240/545—Temperature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an accumulator arrangement for a vehicle, wherein the accumulator arrangement comprises a metal-air accumulator.
- Metal-air accumulators are particularly suitable for mobile applications, such as for motor vehicles due to their achievable high energy density.
- An example of metal-air batteries are lithium-air batteries. Their mode of operation is briefly explained below.
- a positive lithium ion is released via an electrolyte to a carbon cathode on a lithium anode with the delivery of an electron.
- the carbon cathode reacts in a reduction process, the lithium ion with oxygen first to lithium oxide and then to lithium peroxide.
- the carbon cathode is coated with a catalyst, highly porous and therefore has a very large surface area.
- Oxygen is released at the carbon cathode, metallic lithium is deposited at the lithium anode.
- the lithium anode is susceptible to moisture because the metallic lithium can react violently with water.
- the carbon cathode is due to their high porosity on the one hand prone to contamination with particles such as dust or sand, on the other hand, noxious gases contained in the air can act as catalyst poisons that can irreversibly damage the carbon cathode.
- noxious gases contained in the air can act as catalyst poisons that can irreversibly damage the carbon cathode.
- an accumulator arrangement for a vehicle with at least one metal-air accumulator, a filter device which is adapted to condition supply air of the metal-air accumulator such that the supply air is a predetermined air moisture, and a housing in which the metal-air battery and the filter device is accommodated, proposed, wherein the supply air by means of a flow deflection in the housing is diverted so that the filter device with the aid of waste heat of the metal-air battery is regenerable.
- a deflection to the metal-air accumulator passed over and thus heated supply air or warm exhaust air of the metal-air accumulator can be used.
- the metal-air battery preferably has an anode or first electrode made of a metal and a cathode or second electrode made of mesoporous carbon.
- the filter device is set up to adjust the relative humidity contained in the supply air to a value required for the metal. If, for example, the first electrode is made of lithium, it is necessary, due to the high reactivity of lithium with water, to withdraw the supply air from all or at least approximately the entire air humidity.
- the accumulator arrangement can be used under real conditions in a vehicle. A loading of the metal-air accumulator with high-purity gases under laboratory conditions is dispensable. Conditioning the supply air protects the metal-air accumulator from damage. The life of the metal-air accumulator is increased and allows the use under various conditions.
- the accumulator arrangement preferably has sensor devices, such as moisture sensors, and a control and / or regulating device, which is coupled to the sensor devices.
- a change in the filter output or dryer output can be determined at an early stage and can be displayed as a status display or maintenance display with the aid of a corresponding display device.
- the metal-air accumulator heats the supply air. With the help of the supply air heated by the metal-air accumulator, the filter device can be regenerated.
- the accumulator arrangement is particularly suitable for vehicles such as motor vehicles, trucks, motorcycles, aircraft, construction vehicles, rail vehicles and watercraft.
- the accumulator arrangement can also be used in immobile applications such as in building technology or the like.
- the flow deflection device is configured to reverse a flow direction of the supply air to regenerate the filter device.
- the flow reverser may include air paths, air inlets, louvers, air vents, or the like.
- the accumulator arrangement has a heating element for heating the supply air and / or the filter device.
- the heating element may be a heating foil, heating plate, a heating wire, heating fabric or a heating fleece. With the help of the supply air heated by the heating element, the filter device can be regenerated. In particular, the filter device can be heated directly by means of the heating element.
- the filter device is adapted to filter particles, in particular dust, sand or the like, out of the supply air. This prevents clogging or clogging of the mesoporous second electrode.
- the filter device may have a filter medium made of paper and / or plastic. Furthermore, the filter medium can be coated, impregnated and / or provided with a nanofiber layer.
- the filter device is adapted to chemically filter noxious gases, in particular nitrogen oxides, ammonia, sulfur oxides, hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide or the like, from the supply air. These noxious gases can act as catalyst poisons that can permanently damage the catalyst provided on the second electrode.
- the filter device can have, for example, activated carbon for chemical filtering.
- the filter device can have potassium carbonate K 2 C0 3 and / or calcium hydroxide Ca (OH) 2 , which reacts chemically with acidic noxious gases such as sulfur oxides SO x or hydrogen sulfide H 2 S in order to neutralize these noxious gases.
- acidic noxious gases such as sulfur oxides SO x or hydrogen sulfide H 2 S
- the filter device can be flushed with supply air for regenerating the chemical filter properties with the aid of the flow deflection device. To regenerate the filter device when its chemical filtration performance reduced, this can be rinsed with fresh supply air.
- corresponding channels and valve devices can be provided in the housing.
- the housing has a flow-distributing geometry which is designed to divert the supply air in such a way that the at least one metal-air accumulator can be overflowed with the supply air in a planar manner.
- the second electrode can be overflowed with the supply air. This increases the efficiency of the Metal I - Air-Accumulator Ionic.
- the filter device for conditioning the supply air comprises a rotatable memory rotatable relative to the housing.
- the rotating storage mass offers the advantage of heat transfer.
- the supply air for the metal-air accumulator can be preheated via the rotary storage. This is particularly advantageous in a so-called. Cold start phase, since the metal I-Luft Akkumul ato r similar to a fuel cell system in a shorter time reaches its working temperature.
- the accumulator arrangement may further comprise a control and / or regulating device, which controls the air flow through the housing with the aid of sensor devices, such as temperature or humidity sensors and by controlling valve devices. For example, in a continuous regeneration using the rotation memory, a rotational speed control can be performed.
- the embodiment of the accumulator assembly with the rotary accumulator allows a prolonged life of the drying or sorbent. This reduces the operating costs while maintaining the correct operating conditions for the Metal I-Luft-Akkumul ato r.
- a desiccant is received in the rotary memory.
- the rotary memory can be coated with the desiccant.
- the desiccant is continuously regenerable by means of the rotation memory. In this case, heated by the metal-air accumulator exhaust air can support the regeneration of the dry or sorbent. An additional heating in the form of the heating element can be smaller or completely omitted.
- Further possible implementations of the accumulator arrangement also include not explicitly mentioned combinations of features or embodiments of the accumulator arrangement described above or below with respect to the exemplary embodiments. The person skilled in the art will also consider individual aspects as improvements or improvements. Add or modify supplements to the respective basic form of the accumulator arrangement.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic sectional view of an embodiment of a metal-air accumulator in a state of charge
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic sectional view of the metal-air accumulator according to FIG. 1 in a discharge state
- Fig. 3 is a schematic sectional view of another embodiment of a metal-air accumulator in a discharge state
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic sectional view of a further embodiment of a metal-air accumulator in a discharge state
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic sectional view of an embodiment of an accumulator arrangement
- FIG. 6 shows a schematic sectional view of a further embodiment of an accumulator arrangement
- 7 shows a schematic sectional view of a further embodiment of an accumulator arrangement
- FIGS. 8A-8E are schematic views of various embodiments of a heating element.
- FIG. 9 shows a schematic sectional view of a further embodiment of an accumulator arrangement.
- Fig. 1 shows a schematic sectional view of a metal-air accumulator 1 in a state of charge.
- Fig. 2 shows a schematic sectional view of the metal-air battery 1 in a discharge state.
- the metal-air battery 1 has a metal, in particular lithium Li, manufactured anode or first electrode 2 and a cathode or second electrode 3 on. In the following, only lithium-air batteries 1 will be discussed explicitly.
- the second electrode 3 is made of mesoporous carbon C and is not directly involved in the electrochemical process.
- Mesoporous solids are, as defined by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (I UPAC), porous materials with a pore diameter between 2 nm and 50 nm.
- the carbon C serves as the electrical conductor and terminal, the mesoporous structure to maximize the surface area around the reaction of oxygen O 2 with lithium ions Li + in the region of the second electrode 3 to facilitate.
- the first electrode 2 is made of metallic lithium Li.
- the first electrode 2 may be made of another metal such as silicon.
- an electrolyte 4 which may be liquid or solid depending on the embodiment of the lithium-air battery 1. In the latter case, there is a solid-state accumulator.
- the liquid electrolyte 4 may be an organic liquid which does not react with the lithium Li.
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic sectional view of an embodiment of a lithium-air rechargeable battery 1 with a water-based electrolyte 4.
- a Protective layer 5 is provided between the first electrode 2 and the aqueous electrolyte 4 .
- the protective layer 5 may be a glass-ceramic layer resting on the metallic lithium Li.
- the protective layer 5 is a so-called LiSICON layer (LiM 2 (PO) 3 ).
- the protective layer 5 allows the lithium Li to remain stable in the aqueous environment.
- 4 shows a schematic sectional view of an embodiment of a hybrid lithium-air battery 1. In this case, an organic electrolyte 4 is arranged between the first electrode 2 and the protective layer 5, and an aqueous electrolyte 4 is arranged between the protective layer 5 and the second electrode 3.
- the basic operating principle in all types of lithium-air batteries 1 is substantially identical.
- a positive lithium ion Li + is released via the electrolyte 4 to the second electrode 3 at the first electrode 2, emitting an electron e " , where the lithium ion Li + is released
- Oxygen O 2 is first oxidized to lithium oxide Li 2 O and then to lithium peroxide Li 2 O 2. It finds it the following reduction process takes place: 0 2 + 4e " -> ⁇ 2 O 2" .
- the second electrode 3 is covered with a catalyst, highly porous and therefore has a very large surface area.
- the second electrode 3 is susceptible to contamination with particles such as dust or sand, which may clog or block the second electrode 3, on the other harmful gases such as sulfur oxides S x O y , ammonia NH 3 , nitrogen oxides NO x , hydrogen sulfide H 2 S, carbon monoxide CO, carbon dioxide CO 2 and others as catalyst poisons that can irreversibly damage the second electrode 3. Furthermore, the second electrode 3 is also sensitive to moisture. In the charge (Fig. 1) of the lithium-air battery 1, this process turns around. At the second electrode 3, oxygen O 2 is discharged, at the first electrode 2, metallic lithium Li is deposited. The first electrode 2 is susceptible to moisture because the metallic lithium Li can react violently with water.
- Fig. 5 shows an accumulator assembly 6 for a vehicle.
- the accumulator arrangement 6 preferably comprises a plurality of Lihium-air accumulators 1, of which only one is provided with a reference numeral in FIG. 5.
- the lithium-air batteries 1 are preferably arranged side by side in a common housing 7.
- the lithium-air batteries 1 supply air L is supplied.
- a filter device 8 and a separator 9 are provided.
- the separator 9 may be a cyclone separator.
- the separator 9 is adapted to clean the supply air L of particles, in particular of coarse particles.
- the filter device 8 is arranged.
- the filter device 8 is supplied with the pre-cleaned supply air L via flow channels 10, 11 provided in the housing 7.
- the flow channels 10, 11 form a flow-distributing geometry 12 of the housing 7.
- the filter device 8 is suitable for particle filtration. That is, the filter device 8 is adapted to mechanically retain particles contained in the supply air L, such as dust, pollen, sand or the like. This prevents clogging or clogging of the mesoporous second electrode 3.
- the filter device 8 may have a filter medium made of paper and / or plastic. Furthermore, the filter medium can be coated, impregnated and / or provided with a nanofiber layer. Furthermore, the filter device 8 is suitable for chemical filtration of the supply air L.
- the filter device 8 is adapted to chemically filter harmful gases such as sulfur oxides SO x , ammonia NH 3 , nitrogen oxides NO x , hydrogen sulfide H 2 S, carbon monoxide CO, carbon dioxide CO 2 from the supply air L. These noxious gases can act as catalyst poisons that can permanently damage the catalyst provided on the second electrode 3.
- the filter device 8 may have, for example, activated carbon for chemical filtration.
- the filter device 8 may comprise potassium carbonate K 2 CO 3 and / or calcium hydroxide Ca (OH) 2 , which reacts chemically with acidic noxious gases such as sulfur oxides SO x or hydrogen sulfide H 2 S in order to neutralize these noxious gases. As a result, the catalyst effect persists permanently.
- corresponding channels and valve devices are provided in the housing 7.
- the filter device 8 is also set up to condition the supply air L supplied to the lithium-air accumulators 1 in such a way that the supply air L has a predetermined relative air humidity.
- the filter device 8 is adapted to withdraw the supply air L, the entire moisture. This prevents a reaction of the metallic lithium Li of the first electrode 2 with water.
- the filter device 8 may be configured to ensure a defined and constant value of the humidity.
- the filter device 8 may comprise a desiccant such as silica beads.
- the silica beads can be scattered on a filter medium of the filter device 8 and glued to this.
- the filter medium may be constructed in layers, wherein, for example, between two nonwoven layers, a layer of silica beads may be arranged.
- the filter medium may comprise an absorber material, in particular a so-called superabsorber, a functionalized membrane or the like.
- the filter device 8 may comprise a suitable filter element.
- the purified supply air L is guided so that it flows as evenly as possible during the discharge of the lithium-air batteries 1 whose electrodes 3. As a result, the efficiency of the lithium-air batteries 1 is increased. Furthermore, the required space is reduced.
- air channels can be provided be adapted to dissipate heat from the lithium-air batteries 1. As a result, overheating of the lithium-air batteries 1 is prevented.
- liquid cooling can also be provided.
- 7 liquid channels can be provided in the housing. If the drying performance of the filter device 8 decreases, the desiccant can be regenerated. For this purpose, preheated supply air L or warm air A of the lithium-air batteries 1 is used.
- 6 shows a schematic sectional view of an embodiment of an accumulator arrangement 6 in which the desiccant of the filter device 8 can be regenerated.
- air inlets 1 3, 14 are provided laterally on the housing 7, can flow through the supply air L or exhaust A of the lithium-air batteries 1 in the filter device 8.
- the supply air L can be heated by being passed past the lithium-air batteries 1, whereby waste heat is discharged to the supply air L bypassed.
- the flow direction during regeneration is oriented in the opposite direction as in the unloading of the lithium-air accumulators 1 shown in FIG.
- the lateral air inlets 13, 14 may form a flow deflection device 22 of the accumulator assembly 6.
- the flow diverter 22 may further include valve means. When regenerating the air path in the direction of the lithium-air batteries 1 is shut off.
- the heated supply air L or the warm exhaust air A of the lithium-air batteries 1 is laterally blown or sucked through the air inlets 1 3, 14 in the housing 7 and blown through a central air inlet 1 5 of the housing 7 as exhaust air A '.
- the exhaust air A ' has a higher humidity than the supply air L.
- a temperature of 1 80 ° C. is maintained for about two hours in a quenching phase.
- the air inlets 1 3, 14 are closed and the air path in the direction of the lithium-air batteries 1 is open.
- the dry or sorbent is regenerated by means of waste heat of the supply air L or the exhaust air of the lithium-air batteries 1.
- the filter device 8 can not be used as a filter and can be regenerated at the same time, two filter devices 8 can be provided, which are operated alternately in discontinuous operation. It is also possible to implement a plurality of discontinuously provided moisture-regulating systems in the filter device 8. As a result, the charging times for a regeneration of the desiccant or the sorbent are not sufficiently long, or when using the accumulator assembly 6 in an environment even with a long period of use, frequent recuperation or fast-charging phases always ensures sufficient drying performance with high humidity. Furthermore, in addition to the discontinuous system, which is sufficient for its dimensioning for the vast majority of applications, a "backup" or “emergency” system can be provided, which is based on a once-only use disposable cartridge. Once used, this replacement cartridge must be replaced by the user or service technician before the backup system becomes available for a new deployment.
- FIG. 7 shows a schematic sectional view of an alternative embodiment of an accumulator arrangement 6 in which the desiccant of the filter device 8 can be regenerated.
- This embodiment of the accumulator arrangement 6 differs from the embodiment of the accumulator arrangement 6 according to FIG. 6 in that, in the regeneration mode, not only the air path to the lithium-air accumulators 1 but also to the central air inlet 15 is obstructed. The air paths can be blocked, for example, with the help of shutters.
- the heated supply air L or warm exhaust air A of the lithium-air batteries 1 flows through the side air inlet 13 into the housing 7, flows through the filter device 8 and flows through the side air inlet 14 as moisture-laden exhaust air A 'out of the housing 7 out.
- FIGS 8A to 8D show different embodiments of heating elements 1 6 for heating the supply air L for regenerating the desiccant.
- Fig. 8 A shows a heating element 1 6 in the form of a flat element. This heating element can be placed on the filter device 8.
- Fig. 8B shows a heating element 1 6 with a heating wire in meandering form.
- Fig. 8C shows a heating element 1 6, which is designed as a heating foil with holes or openings.
- the heating foil can be a PCT element (positive temperature coefficient).
- Fig. 8D shows an embodiment in which the heating element 1 6 is formed as wound around the filter device 8 heating wire.
- the heating element 16 is designed as a conductive fabric or fleece which heats up.
- the fabric or nonwoven may be coated with carbon nanotubes.
- FIG. 9 shows a further embodiment of an accumulator arrangement 6.
- Housing 7 of the accumulator arrangement has a first air path 17 for supplying the supply air L to the lithium-air accumulators 1 and a second air path 18 for discharging the exhaust air A provided by the lithium-air batteries 1.
- the air paths 17, 18 may form a flow deflection device 22 of the accumulator assembly 6.
- the Filter device 8 comprises a filter element 19 provided in the first air path 17 for filtering the supply air L.
- the filter element 19 can be provided to clean the supply air L of particles and harmful gases.
- the filter device 8 further comprises a rotatable relative to the housing 7 rotation memory 20 for dehumidifying the supply air L. This allows a continuous regeneration of the dry or sorbent used can be achieved.
- one half of the rotation memory 20 is used as a filter while a second half of the same is regenerated.
- the exhaust air A heated by the lithium-air accumulators 1 assists the regeneration of the drying or sorption agent.
- An additional heating in the form of the heating element 1 6 can be made smaller or completely eliminated.
- the rotating storage mass has the advantage of heat transfer.
- the supply air L for the lithium-air batteries 1 can be preheated via the rotary memory 20. This is particularly advantageous in a so-called. Cold start phase, since the lithium-air batteries 1, similar to a fuel cell system in a shorter time come to working temperature.
- the accumulator assembly 6 further includes a control and / or regulating device 21, which controls the air flow through the housing 7 with the aid of sensor devices, such as temperature or humidity sensors and by the control of valve devices. For example, in the continuous regeneration by means of the rotation memory 20, a rotational speed control can be performed.
- sensor devices such as temperature or humidity sensors
- valve devices for example, in the continuous regeneration by means of the rotation memory 20, a rotational speed control can be performed.
- the housing 7 air paths, sensor devices, actuators such as valves or valve devices and the control device 21 are integrated.
- the housing 7 is a plastic injection molded component.
- the lithium-air batteries 1 may be arranged sequentially or in parallel.
- the filter device 8 and the lithium-air batteries 1 can be arranged in a common compact housing 7 or spatially separated.
- the accumulator assembly 6 can be used under real conditions in a vehicle.
- the lithium-air batteries 1 are protected from damage.
- the life of the lithium-air batteries 1 is increased and allows the use under different conditions.
- a change in the filter output or dryer output is determined at an early stage and can be used as a status display or maintenance display with the aid of a corresponding display device are displayed.
- the embodiment of the accumulator arrangement 6 according to FIG. 9 with the rotary accumulator 20 allows a prolonged service life of the drying or sorption agent. This reduces the operating costs while maintaining the correct operating conditions for the lithium-air batteries. 1
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE112015005477.4T DE112015005477A5 (de) | 2014-12-04 | 2015-11-17 | Akkumulator-Anordnung für ein Fahrzeug |
CN201580066202.9A CN107041127A (zh) | 2014-12-04 | 2015-11-17 | 用于运输工具的可再充电电池组件 |
US15/613,241 US10538164B2 (en) | 2014-12-04 | 2017-06-04 | Rechargeable battery assembly for a vehicle |
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DE102014018230.4A DE102014018230B4 (de) | 2014-12-04 | 2014-12-04 | Akkumulator-Anordnung für ein Fahrzeug |
DE102014018230.4 | 2014-12-04 |
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US15/613,241 Continuation US10538164B2 (en) | 2014-12-04 | 2017-06-04 | Rechargeable battery assembly for a vehicle |
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WO2016087195A1 true WO2016087195A1 (de) | 2016-06-09 |
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US (1) | US10538164B2 (de) |
CN (1) | CN107041127A (de) |
DE (2) | DE102014018230B4 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2016087195A1 (de) |
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WO2019178210A1 (en) * | 2018-03-13 | 2019-09-19 | Illinois Institute Of Technology | Transition metal phosphides for high efficient and long cycle life metal-air batteries |
DE102018119220B3 (de) | 2018-08-07 | 2019-08-01 | Mann+Hummel Gmbh | Filterelement zur Filtration und Entfeuchtung eines Gases und Filtereinrichtung |
US11851203B2 (en) | 2021-10-26 | 2023-12-26 | Wright Electric, Inc. | Waste heat transfer system for aircraft fuel cell |
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DE102007026652A1 (de) * | 2007-06-08 | 2008-12-11 | Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Hochtemperatur-Polymerelektrolyt-Brennstoffzellensystem sowie Verfahren zum Betreiben desselben |
US20090239132A1 (en) * | 2008-03-20 | 2009-09-24 | Excellatron Solid State, Llc | Oxygen battery system |
EP2495803A1 (de) * | 2009-10-29 | 2012-09-05 | Sony Corporation | Lithium-luftbatterie |
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US4604110A (en) * | 1984-04-19 | 1986-08-05 | General Time Corporation | Filter element, filter, and method for removing odors from indoor air |
US6811910B2 (en) * | 2001-07-18 | 2004-11-02 | Evionyx, Inc. | Metal air cell incorporating air flow system |
CN1326277C (zh) * | 2002-09-23 | 2007-07-11 | 水吉能公司 | 燃料电池系统中气和水的处理系统和方法 |
US20050142398A1 (en) * | 2003-12-24 | 2005-06-30 | General Electric Company | Prevention of chromia-induced cathode poisoning in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) |
CA2557801C (en) * | 2004-03-16 | 2013-06-25 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Glucopyranosyl-substituted benzol derivatives, drugs containing said compounds, the use thereof and method for the production thereof |
CN102625960A (zh) * | 2009-06-30 | 2012-08-01 | 雷沃尔特科技有限公司 | 金属-空气液流电池 |
DE102009050878A1 (de) * | 2009-10-27 | 2011-04-28 | Carl Freudenberg Kg | Batterie mit einem außerhalb des Batteriegehäuses angeordneten Filterelement |
US9040184B2 (en) * | 2011-06-10 | 2015-05-26 | Tesla Motors, Inc. | Battery pack dehumidifier with active reactivation system |
DE102011084351A1 (de) * | 2011-10-12 | 2013-04-18 | Sb Limotive Company Ltd. | Batteriesystem, Verfahren zur Reduzierung der Feuchtigkeit des Trockenmittels der Trocknungseinrichtung eines Batteriesystems, Kraftfahrzeug und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Kraftfahrzeuges |
EP2675008B1 (de) * | 2012-06-15 | 2020-01-22 | Airbus Operations GmbH | Brennstoffzellensystem und Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Brennstoffzellensystems |
DE102013222663A1 (de) * | 2013-11-07 | 2015-05-07 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Trockeneinheit und Verfahren zum Betrieb derselben |
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2014
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2015
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- 2015-11-17 DE DE112015005477.4T patent/DE112015005477A5/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2015-11-17 WO PCT/EP2015/076869 patent/WO2016087195A1/de active Application Filing
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2017
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE102007026652A1 (de) * | 2007-06-08 | 2008-12-11 | Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Hochtemperatur-Polymerelektrolyt-Brennstoffzellensystem sowie Verfahren zum Betreiben desselben |
US20090239132A1 (en) * | 2008-03-20 | 2009-09-24 | Excellatron Solid State, Llc | Oxygen battery system |
EP2495803A1 (de) * | 2009-10-29 | 2012-09-05 | Sony Corporation | Lithium-luftbatterie |
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CN107041127A (zh) | 2017-08-11 |
DE112015005477A5 (de) | 2017-08-24 |
DE102014018230B4 (de) | 2016-10-27 |
DE102014018230A1 (de) | 2016-06-09 |
US20170267109A1 (en) | 2017-09-21 |
US10538164B2 (en) | 2020-01-21 |
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