WO2016072150A1 - 窒化物半導体発光素子 - Google Patents
窒化物半導体発光素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016072150A1 WO2016072150A1 PCT/JP2015/075558 JP2015075558W WO2016072150A1 WO 2016072150 A1 WO2016072150 A1 WO 2016072150A1 JP 2015075558 W JP2015075558 W JP 2015075558W WO 2016072150 A1 WO2016072150 A1 WO 2016072150A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/20—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a particular shape, e.g. curved or truncated substrate
- H01L33/24—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a particular shape, e.g. curved or truncated substrate of the light emitting region, e.g. non-planar junction
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/26—Materials of the light emitting region
- H01L33/30—Materials of the light emitting region containing only elements of Group III and Group V of the Periodic Table
- H01L33/32—Materials of the light emitting region containing only elements of Group III and Group V of the Periodic Table containing nitrogen
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/025—Physical imperfections, e.g. particular concentration or distribution of impurities
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/04—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a quantum effect structure or superlattice, e.g. tunnel junction
- H01L33/06—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a quantum effect structure or superlattice, e.g. tunnel junction within the light emitting region, e.g. quantum confinement structure or tunnel barrier
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/16—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a particular crystal structure or orientation, e.g. polycrystalline, amorphous or porous
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a nitride semiconductor light emitting device.
- a group III-V compound semiconductor containing nitrogen (hereinafter referred to as “group III nitride semiconductor”) has a band gap energy corresponding to the energy of light having a wavelength in the infrared region to the ultraviolet region. Therefore, a group III nitride semiconductor is useful as a material for a light emitting element that emits light having a wavelength in the infrared region to the ultraviolet region, or as a material for a light receiving element that receives light having a wavelength in the infrared region to the ultraviolet region. is there.
- the bonding force between atoms constituting the group III nitride semiconductor is strong, the dielectric breakdown voltage is high, and the saturation electron velocity is high.
- the group III nitride semiconductor is also useful as a material for an electronic device such as a high-temperature transistor with high temperature resistance and high output.
- group III nitride semiconductors are attracting attention as easy-to-handle materials because they hardly harm the environment.
- a quantum well structure as a light emitting layer.
- the light emitting layer may have a single quantum well (SQW) structure, or a multiple quantum well (MQW) structure in which well layers and barrier layers are alternately stacked. May be.
- an InGaN layer is generally used as the well layer of the light emitting layer, and a GaN layer is used as the barrier layer of the light emitting layer.
- a blue LED Light Emitting Diode
- a white LED can be produced by combining this blue LED with a phosphor.
- an AlGaN layer is used as the barrier layer, it is thought that the light emission efficiency increases because the band gap energy difference between the barrier layer and the well layer increases. However, a better quality crystal is obtained with AlGaN than with GaN. There is also the problem of difficulty.
- an AlGaN layer is generally used as a barrier layer.
- the light emitting layer is sandwiched between an n-type nitride semiconductor layer and a p-type nitride semiconductor layer.
- the n-type nitride semiconductor layer includes an n-type contact layer to which an n-side electrode connected to the external connection terminal is connected.
- the concentration needs to be increased (for example, 1 ⁇ 10 19 / cm 3 ), and the n-type contact layer needs to be formed thick (1 to 4 ⁇ m).
- nitride semiconductor light emitting devices that emit light in the visible to ultraviolet region
- a GaN layer is often used as the n-type contact layer.
- an AlGaN layer may be used as the n-type contact layer.
- the n-type contact layer is provided on the base layer, and the base layer is provided on the sapphire substrate with the buffer layer interposed therebetween.
- convex portions are regularly formed on the upper surface of the sapphire substrate.
- the buffer layer a GaN layer or an AlN layer having a thickness of about 20 nm is employed.
- the underlayer a non-doped GaN layer having a thickness of 1 to 4 ⁇ m is often used.
- N-type having various structures such as a strained superlattice layer or a laminated structure of an undoped layer and a Si-doped layer between the n-type contact layer and the light-emitting layer for the purpose of improving the internal quantum efficiency of the light-emitting layer Providing a buffer layer is employed.
- the n-type buffer layer is more important than the n-type contact layer as a factor that determines the characteristics of the nitride semiconductor light emitting device.
- the effect of optimizing the lower structure becomes more important than the n-type buffer layer such as the base layer and the n-type contact layer.
- the crystallinity of the light emitting layer and the like is improved when the thickness of the underlayer is increased.
- the crystallinity of the light emitting layer or the like is determined only by the thickness of the base layer.
- increasing the thickness of the underlying layer does not necessarily contribute to improving the light output.
- increasing the thickness of the underlayer is likely to contribute to an improvement in light output.
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-2322366
- Patent Document 4 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2012-248656
- a pit buried layer is made of undoped GaN
- a low dislocation layer is about 1.5 ⁇ m
- an n-type contact layer having a thickness of about 4.2 ⁇ m
- Patent Document 5 International Publication No. 2011/004890
- an n-type contact layer made of Si-doped n-type GaN having a thickness of 3.2 ⁇ m is formed on an underlayer made of undoped GaN having a thickness of 5 ⁇ m. It is described to grow.
- Patent Document 6 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2010-135490
- a Si-doped n-type GaN contact layer having a thickness of 2 ⁇ m is grown on an underlayer made of undoped GaN having a thickness of 8 ⁇ m. ing.
- Patent Document 7 discusses various thicknesses of the base layer and the n-type contact layer from the viewpoint of reducing the emission wavelength distribution ⁇ of the light emitting layer.
- a 9.6 ⁇ m-thick GaN layer and a 8.6 ⁇ m-thick GaN layer are suggested as the base layer, and an Si-doped n-type GaN layer having a thickness of 2 to 4 ⁇ m is used as the n-type contact layer.
- Nonitride semiconductor light emitting device To further improve the light emission efficiency, it is necessary to improve the light emission efficiency at the actual use temperature of the nitride semiconductor light emitting device, and it is necessary to improve the temperature characteristics of the nitride semiconductor light emitting device ("Nitride semiconductor light emitting device").
- Temperature characteristic of means the ratio between the luminous efficiency at room temperature and the luminous efficiency at a high temperature (for example, 80 ° C.)
- the nitride semiconductor light-emitting element increases as the operating temperature of the nitride semiconductor light-emitting element increases. However, from a practical point of view, high temperature characteristics are required).
- ESD Electrostatic Discharge
- blue light emitting devices are strongly required to improve performance and reduce initial defects. Therefore, it is indispensable for the nitride semiconductor light-emitting device to perform ESD defect screening (detecting the quality of ESD resistance by screening) before shipment.
- ESD defect screening detecting the quality of ESD resistance by screening
- the yield of the nitride semiconductor light emitting device is reduced, and the cost of the nitride semiconductor light emitting device is increased. Therefore, there is an urgent need to improve the electrical resistance of the epi layer (epitaxially grown layer).
- the nitride semiconductor light emitting device is required to improve the crystallinity of the light emitting layer and the ESD resistance.
- the thickness of the base layer or the thickness of the n-type contact layer is increased in order to improve the crystallinity of the light emitting layer, there arises a problem that the defective rate of ESD resistance increases. Therefore, nitride semiconductor light-emitting devices are required to achieve improvement in light emission efficiency at actual use temperatures, improvement in temperature characteristics, and improvement in ESD resistance without conflicting.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a nitride semiconductor light-emitting device that can be realized without reciprocal improvement in luminous efficiency at an actual use temperature, improvement in temperature characteristics, and improvement in ESD resistance.
- the nitride semiconductor light-emitting device of the present invention includes at least an underlayer, an n-type contact layer, a light-emitting layer, and a p-type nitride semiconductor layer that are sequentially provided on a substrate.
- the film thickness ratio R which is the ratio of the thickness of the n-type contact layer to the thickness of the underlayer, is 0.8 or less.
- the number density of V pits on the surface of the light emitting layer located on the p-type nitride semiconductor layer side is 1.5 ⁇ 10 8 / cm 2 or less.
- the film thickness ratio R is 0.6 or less.
- the concentration of conductive impurities in the underlayer is 1.0 ⁇ 10 17 / cm 3 or less. More preferably, the underlying layer is not intentionally doped with conductive impurities.
- the underlayer is preferably made of a nitride semiconductor represented by the general formula Al x1 In y1 Ga 1 -x1-y1 N (0 ⁇ x1 ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y1 ⁇ 1).
- the n-type contact layer is preferably made of a nitride semiconductor represented by the general formula Al x2 In y2 Ga 1 -x2-y2 N (0 ⁇ x2 ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y2 ⁇ 1). More preferably, the base layer and the n-type contact layer have different concentrations of conductive impurities and have the same composition. More preferably, both the base layer and the n-type contact layer are made of GaN, or both the base layer and the n-type contact layer are made of AlGaN.
- the thickness of the underlayer is preferably 4.5 ⁇ m or more.
- the nitride semiconductor light emitting device of the present invention can be realized without contradicting the improvement in luminous efficiency at the actual use temperature, the improvement in temperature characteristics, and the improvement in ESD resistance.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view of a nitride semiconductor light emitting device according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is an image which shows the result of having observed by AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy) with respect to the upper surface of the light emitting layer of the nitride semiconductor light emitting element of one Embodiment of this invention. It is a graph which shows the relationship (experimental result) of film thickness ratio R and the defect rate of ESD tolerance (ESD defect rate). It is a graph which shows the relationship (experimental result) between the planar density of V pit, and the optical output of a nitride semiconductor light-emitting device.
- AFM Application Force Microscopy
- the portion described on the lower side of FIG. 1 may be expressed as “lower”, and the portion described on the upper side of FIG. 1 may be expressed as “upper”. This is an expression for convenience and is different from “upper” and “lower” defined for the direction of gravity.
- concentration of conductive impurities and the “carrier concentration” which is the concentration of electrons generated with doping of n-type impurities or the concentration of holes generated with doping of p-type impurities are used.
- Carrier gas refers to a gas other than a group III source gas, a group V source gas, and an impurity source gas (a source of conductive impurities). Atoms constituting the carrier gas are not taken into a layer such as a nitride semiconductor layer.
- the “n-type nitride semiconductor layer” may include a low carrier concentration n-type layer or an undoped layer having a thickness that does not impede the flow of electrons practically.
- the “p-type nitride semiconductor layer” may include a p-type layer or an undoped layer having a low carrier concentration with a thickness that does not impede the flow of holes in practice. “Not practically hindered” means that the operating voltage of the nitride semiconductor light emitting device is at a practical level.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a nitride semiconductor light emitting device according to an embodiment of the present invention, and is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II shown in FIG.
- FIG. 2 is a plan view of the nitride semiconductor light emitting device 1.
- the nitride semiconductor light emitting device 1 includes a substrate 3, a buffer layer 5, an underlayer 7, an n-type contact layer 8, an n-type buffer layer 11, a light-emitting layer 14, an intermediate layer 15, and a p-type nitride.
- Semiconductor layers 16, 17, 18 are provided.
- the n-type buffer layer 11 is usually composed of a plurality of layers including a low-temperature n-type nitride semiconductor layer (functioning as a V pit generation layer) 9 and a multilayer structure 10 (the multilayer structure 10 has, for example, a superlattice structure). It is configured.
- n-type contact layer 8 Part of the n-type contact layer 8, the n-type buffer layer 11, the light emitting layer 14, the intermediate layer 15, and the p-type nitride semiconductor layers 16, 17, 18 are etched to form a mesa portion 30.
- a p-side electrode 25 is provided on the upper surface of the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 18 with the transparent electrode 23 interposed therebetween.
- An n-side electrode 21 is provided on the exposed surface of the n-type contact layer 8 outside the mesa portion 30 (on the right side in FIG. 1).
- the transparent protective film 27 covers the transparent electrode 23 and the side surface of each layer exposed by etching, and the n-side electrode 21 and the p-side electrode 25 are exposed from the transparent protective film 27.
- the configuration of the nitride semiconductor light-emitting element 1 and the manufacturing method thereof are as described in detail in Patent Document 2, and conventionally known techniques described in Patent Document 2 and the like are limited unless otherwise specified. It can be used without.
- the structure above the n-type contact layer 8 in the nitride semiconductor light emitting device 1 is not particularly limited in the present invention. With respect to the materials, compositions, forming methods, forming conditions, thicknesses, and concentrations of conductive impurities of those components, conventionally known techniques can be appropriately combined.
- the p-type nitride semiconductor layer is usually configured by laminating a p-type AlGaN layer 16, a p-type GaN layer 17, and a p-type contact layer 18 from the substrate 3 side.
- the configuration of the p-type nitride semiconductor layer is not particularly limited. Hereinafter, a detailed description of the configuration of the p-type nitride semiconductor layer is omitted.
- the planar structure of the nitride semiconductor light emitting device 1 shown in FIG. 2 is not particularly limited in the present invention, and various planar structures can be adopted.
- a structure capable of realizing flip-chip connection in which the nitride semiconductor light emitting element 1 is turned upside down and connected to the substrate can be employed.
- the planar structure of the nitride semiconductor light emitting device 1 is not particularly limited in the present invention.
- detailed description of the planar structure of the nitride semiconductor light emitting device 1 will be omitted.
- the substrate 3 may be an insulating substrate such as a sapphire substrate, or may be a conductive substrate such as a GaN substrate, SiC substrate, or ZnO substrate.
- the thickness of the substrate 3 during the growth of the nitride semiconductor layer differs depending on the size of the substrate 3 and thus cannot be generally described. However, for a substrate having a diameter of 150 mm, it is preferably 900 ⁇ m or more and 1200 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness of the substrate 3 in the nitride semiconductor light emitting device 1 is preferably, for example, 50 ⁇ m or more and 300 ⁇ m or less.
- the upper surface of the substrate 3 (the surface of the substrate 3 on which the buffer layer 5 is formed) preferably has a concavo-convex shape composed of convex portions 3A and concave portions 3B as shown in FIG.
- the shape of the protrusion 3A on the upper surface of the substrate 3 is preferably substantially circular or polygonal (see FIG. 1).
- the convex portion 3A is preferably provided at a position that is a substantially triangular apex in plan view, and the interval between adjacent apexes is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more and 5 ⁇ m or less.
- the convex portion 3A may be formed in a trapezoidal shape in a side view, but the apex of the convex portion 3A in the side view is preferably formed in a semicircular shape or a triangular shape.
- the substrate 3 may be removed after the growth of the nitride semiconductor layer. That is, the nitride semiconductor light emitting device 1 may not include the substrate 3.
- the buffer layer 5 is preferably, for example, an Al s0 Gat0 O u0 N 1-u0 (0 ⁇ s0 ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ t0 ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ u0 ⁇ 1, s0 + t0 ⁇ 0) layer, more preferably an AlN layer. Or it is an AlON layer.
- the thickness of the buffer layer 5 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 3 nm or more and 100 nm or less, and more preferably 5 nm or more and 50 nm or less.
- the underlayer 7 is formed on the upper surface of the buffer layer 5 by, for example, MOCVD (Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition).
- the underlayer 7 is preferably made of, for example, a nitride semiconductor represented by the general formula Al x1 In y1 Ga 1 -x1-y1 N (0 ⁇ x1 ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y1 ⁇ 1).
- the underlayer 7 is preferably made of a nitride semiconductor containing Ga as a group III element.
- the underlayer 7 may be doped with n-type impurities in the range of 1 ⁇ 10 17 / cm 3 or less. Thereby, the dislocation density is lowered and the crystallinity is improved.
- the base layer 7 is not intentionally doped with a conductive impurity (for example, an n-type impurity or a p-type impurity), in other words, The underlayer 7 is preferably an undoped layer. “The base layer 7 is not intentionally doped with a conductive impurity” means that the base layer 7 is grown without flowing an impurity source gas in the growth process.
- the concentration of the conductive impurities in the underlying layer 7 is less than the detection limit of the analyzer for analyzing the concentration of the conductive impurities. It becomes.
- the detection limit of the SIMS silicon concentration is 7 ⁇ 10 16 / cm 3 .
- an n-type impurity can be used as the conductive impurity doped in the underlayer 7.
- a n-type impurity can be used.
- Si at least one of Si, Ge and Sn can be used, and Si is preferably used.
- Si silane or disilane is preferably used as the n-type impurity source gas.
- n-type contact layer In the n-type contact layer 8, a layer made of a nitride semiconductor represented by the general formula Al x2 In y2 Ga 1 -x2-y2 N (0 ⁇ x2 ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y2 ⁇ 1) is doped with n-type impurities. More preferably, it is represented by the general formula Al x2 Ga 1-x2 N (0 ⁇ x2 ⁇ 1, preferably 0 ⁇ x2 ⁇ 0.5, more preferably 0 ⁇ x2 ⁇ 0.1). The layer made of a nitride semiconductor is doped with an n-type impurity.
- a nitride semiconductor represented by the general formula Al x2 In y2 Ga 1 -x2-y2 N (0 ⁇ x2 ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y2 ⁇ 1) is doped with n-type impurities. More preferably, it is represented by the general formula Al x2 Ga 1-x2 N (0 ⁇ x2
- the n-type impurity doped in the n-type contact layer 8 is preferably Si, P, As, or Sb, and more preferably Si. This also applies to an n-type nitride semiconductor layer (for example, the n-type buffer layer 11) described later.
- the concentration of the n-type impurity is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1.2 ⁇ 10 19 / cm 3 or less.
- the resistance of the n-type contact layer 8 can be reduced by increasing the thickness of the n-type contact layer 8 as much as possible.
- problems such as occurrence of defective ESD resistance or a decrease in productivity of the nitride semiconductor light emitting device 1 occur. This point will be described later.
- the thickness of the lower structure up to the n-type contact layer 8 is very large. Therefore, the lower structure up to the n-type contact layer 8 is grown in as short a time as possible while ensuring a certain crystallinity. It is necessary to let Therefore, the formation temperature of the lower structure up to the n-type contact layer 8 is generally several hundred degrees Celsius higher than the formation temperature of the light emitting layer 14.
- the n-type buffer layer 11 serves as a buffer layer for shifting from the growth of the substructure up to the n-type contact layer 8 to the growth of the light emitting layer 14, and the growth temperature of the n-type buffer layer 11 is the n-type contact. It is lower than the growth temperature of the layer 8 and higher than the growth temperature of the light emitting layer 14.
- the layer in contact with the n-type contact layer 8 in the n-type buffer layer 11 is the low-temperature n-type nitride semiconductor layer 9.
- the low-temperature n-type nitride semiconductor layer 9 functions as a V pit 20 generation layer.
- the “low temperature” of the low-temperature n-type nitride semiconductor layer 9 means that the growth temperature is lower than the growth temperature of the n-type contact layer 8.
- the low-temperature n-type nitride semiconductor layer (V pit generation layer) 9 is preferably a highly doped n-type GaN layer having a thickness of 25 nm, for example.
- “highly doped” means that the concentration of the n-type impurity is 3 ⁇ 10 18 / cm 3 or more. If the n-type impurity concentration in the low-temperature n-type nitride semiconductor layer (V pit generation layer) 9 becomes too high, the light emitting layer 14 formed on the low-temperature n-type nitride semiconductor layer (V pit generation layer) 9 The luminous efficiency may be reduced. Therefore, the n-type impurity concentration in the low-temperature n-type nitride semiconductor layer (V pit generation layer) 9 is preferably 1.2 ⁇ 10 19 / cm 3 or less.
- the layer is doped with impurities, more preferably In u3 Ga 1 -u3 N (0 ⁇ u3 ⁇ 1, preferably 0 ⁇ u3 ⁇ 0.5, more preferably 0 ⁇ u3 ⁇ 0.15).
- the layer is a layer doped with n-type impurities.
- the thickness of such a low-temperature n-type nitride semiconductor layer (V pit generation layer) 9 is preferably 5 nm or more, more preferably 10 nm or more.
- a multilayer structure 10 is preferably provided between the low-temperature n-type nitride semiconductor layer (V pit generation layer) 9 and the light emitting layer 14.
- the main function of the multilayer structure 10 is to separate the low-temperature n-type nitride semiconductor layer (V pit generation layer) 9 and the light emitting layer 14 and make the growth surface structure at the start of growth of the light emitting layer 14 as flat and smooth as possible. Furthermore, the V pit 20 is enlarged to a certain size or more.
- the multilayer structure 10 it is preferable to use a superlattice layer having a superlattice structure.
- the superlattice layer is formed by alternately laminating crystal layers having different compositions (thickness of each crystal layer is very thin, for example, 10 nm or less), so that the periodic structure has a longer periodic structure than the basic unit cell. Means layer.
- the multilayer structure 10 has a superlattice structure in which a wide band gap layer and a narrow band gap layer whose band gap energy is smaller than that of the wide band gap layer are alternately stacked.
- the multilayer structure 10 does not necessarily have a superlattice structure, and may be configured by stacking layers having a thickness larger than that of the crystal layer.
- Each wide band gap layer is preferably an Al a1 Ga b1 In 1-a1-b1 N (0 ⁇ a1 ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ b1 ⁇ 1) layer, and more preferably a GaN layer.
- Each narrow band gap layer preferably has a band gap energy smaller than that of the wide band gap layer and larger than that of each well layer (described later).
- the narrow band gap layer is an Al a2 Ga b2 In 1-a2-b2 N (0 ⁇ a2 ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ b2 ⁇ 1, (1-a1-b1) ⁇ (1-a2-b2)) layer.
- a Gab2In1 -b2N (0 ⁇ b2 ⁇ 1) layer is preferable.
- At least one of the wide band gap layer and the narrow band gap layer preferably contains an n-type impurity. Thereby, the drive voltage of the nitride semiconductor light emitting element 1 can be suppressed low.
- the concentration of the n-type impurity is preferably 1.2 ⁇ 10 19 / cm 3 or less, for example.
- the n-type impurity is not particularly limited, but is preferably Si, P, As, Sb, or the like, and more preferably Si.
- the multilayer structure 10 preferably has several to about 20 wide band gap layers and narrow band gap layers. Thereby, the low-temperature n-type nitride semiconductor layer (V pit generation layer) 9 can be further separated from the light emitting layer 14.
- the multilayer structure 10 has 20 or more wide band gap layers and narrow band gap layers, it is preferable that the five wide band gap layers and narrow band gap layers located on the light emitting layer 14 side contain an n-type impurity. Thereby, the number of electrons injected into the light emitting layer 14 can be increased. Therefore, the light output of the nitride semiconductor light emitting device 1 is improved. In addition, the driving voltage of the nitride semiconductor light emitting device 1 can be reduced.
- the multilayer structure 10 When the multilayer structure 10 has a superlattice structure composed of an undoped layer and a superlattice structure composed of an n-type semiconductor layer, the multilayer structure 10 can have the following configuration.
- a superlattice structure including 17 sets of wide band gap layers (undoped layers) and narrow band gap layers (undoped layers) is provided on the low-temperature n-type nitride semiconductor layer (V pit generation layer) 9.
- a superlattice structure including 17 sets of wide band gap layers (undoped layers) and narrow band gap layers (undoped layers) is provided.
- a superlattice structure composed of three sets of wide bandgap layers (n-type semiconductor layers) and narrow bandgap layers (n-type semiconductor layers) is provided.
- the multilayer structure 10 When the multilayer structure 10 has a superlattice structure composed of an undoped layer and a superlattice structure composed of an n-type semiconductor layer, the multilayer structure 10 may have the following configuration.
- a second superlattice structure composed of 10 sets of wide bandgap layers (undoped layers) and narrow bandgap layers (undoped layers).
- a third superlattice structure including five wide bandgap layers (n-type semiconductor layers) and narrow bandgap layers (n-type semiconductor layers) is provided.
- the thickness of the multilayer structure 10 is preferably 40 nm or more, more preferably 50 nm or more, and further preferably 60 nm or more.
- the thickness of the multilayer structure 10 is preferably 100 nm or less, and more preferably 80 nm or less. When the thickness of the multilayer structure 10 exceeds 100 nm, the crystal quality of the light emitting layer 14 may be deteriorated.
- V pits 20 are partially formed in the light emitting layer 14.
- the V-pit 20 is partially formed in the light-emitting layer 14 means that the upper surface of the light-emitting layer 14 (the surface of the light-emitting layer 14 located on the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 16 side) is observed by AFM.
- the V pit 20 is observed in the form of black dots on the upper surface of the light emitting layer 14 (inverted hexagonal pyramidal holes in the light emitting layer 14) (see FIG. 3). In FIG. 3, the result of having observed the upper surface of the light emitting layer 14 by AFM is shown.
- the barrier layer is sandwiched between the well layers, and the barrier layers and the well layers are alternately stacked.
- An intermediate layer 15 (described later) is provided on the well layer located closest to the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 16 among the plurality of well layers included in the light emitting layer 14.
- the light emitting layer 14 may be configured by sequentially stacking one or more semiconductor layers different from the barrier layer and the well layer, the barrier layer, and the well layer.
- the length of one cycle of the light emitting layer 14 (the sum of the thickness of the barrier layer and the thickness of the well layer) is preferably, for example, 5 nm to 200 nm.
- each well layer is preferably adjusted according to the emission wavelength required for the nitride semiconductor light emitting device 1.
- the well layer is preferably an Al c Ga d In 1-cd N (0 ⁇ c ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ d ⁇ 1) layer, and more preferably In e Ga 1-e N (without Al). 0 ⁇ e ⁇ 1) layer.
- the composition of each well layer preferably contains Al.
- the composition of the well layers is preferably the same. As a result, the wavelengths of light emitted by recombination of electrons and holes in the well layer can be made the same. Therefore, the emission spectrum width of the nitride semiconductor light emitting device 1 can be narrowed.
- the well layer located on the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 16 side contains as little conductive impurities as possible. In other words, it is preferable to grow the well layer located on the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 16 side without introducing the impurity source gas. Thereby, since non-radiative recombination hardly occurs in each well layer, the light emission efficiency of the nitride semiconductor light emitting device 1 can be increased.
- the well layer located on the substrate 3 side may contain n-type impurities. Thereby, the drive voltage of the nitride semiconductor light emitting element 1 can be lowered.
- the thickness of the well layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably the same as each other. If the thicknesses of the well layers are the same, the quantum levels of the well layers are also the same. Therefore, light having the same wavelength is generated in the well layer due to recombination of electrons and holes. Thereby, the emission spectrum width of the nitride semiconductor light emitting device 1 can be narrowed.
- the composition or thickness of the well layer is intentionally different, the emission spectrum width of the nitride semiconductor light emitting device 1 can be broadened. Therefore, when the nitride semiconductor light emitting element 1 is used for an application such as illumination, it is preferable to intentionally vary the composition or thickness of the well layer. For example, the thickness of the well layer can be changed within a range of 1 nm to 7 nm. If the thickness of the well layer is outside this range, the light emission efficiency of the nitride semiconductor light emitting device 1 may be reduced.
- the number of well layers included in the light emitting layer 14 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 2 or more and 20 or less, more preferably 3 or more and 15 or less, and more preferably 4 or more and 12 layers. More preferably, it is as follows.
- each barrier layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 nm or more and 10 nm or less, and more preferably 3 nm or more and 7 nm or less.
- the drive voltage of the nitride semiconductor light emitting element 1 decreases as the thickness of each barrier layer decreases. However, if the thickness of each barrier layer is extremely thin, the luminous efficiency of the nitride semiconductor light emitting device 1 may be reduced.
- the concentration of the n-type impurity in the barrier layer is not particularly limited, and is preferably set as appropriate.
- the barrier layer located on the substrate 3 side preferably contains an n-type impurity, and on the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 16 side. It is preferable that the barrier layer located contains n-type impurities at a lower concentration than the barrier layer located on the substrate 3 side or does not intentionally contain n-type impurities.
- the intermediate layer 15 is provided between the light-emitting layer 14 and the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 16, and p-type impurities (for example, Mg) diffuse from the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 16 to the light-emitting layer 14 (particularly, the well layer). It has a role to prevent this. If the p-type impurity diffuses into the well layer, the light emission efficiency of the nitride semiconductor light emitting device 1 may be reduced. Therefore, it is preferable to provide the intermediate layer 15 between the light emitting layer 14 and the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 16.
- p-type impurities for example, Mg
- the intermediate layer 15 is preferably an Al f Ga g In 1-fg N (0 ⁇ f ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ g ⁇ 1) layer, more preferably Al h Ga 1-h N (0 ⁇ H ⁇ 1) layer.
- the thickness of the intermediate layer 15 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 nm or more and 10 nm or less, and more preferably 3 nm or more and 5 nm or less. If the thickness of the intermediate layer 15 is less than 1 nm, the diffusion of p-type impurities from the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 16 to the light-emitting layer 14 (particularly the well layer) may not be prevented. If the thickness of the intermediate layer 15 exceeds 10 nm, the hole injection efficiency into the light emitting layer 14 is lowered, and thus the light emission efficiency of the nitride semiconductor light emitting device 1 is lowered.
- FIG. 1 shows that the nitride semiconductor light emitting device 1 includes a p-type nitride semiconductor layer having a three-layer structure of a p-type AlGaN layer 16, a p-type GaN layer 17, and a high-concentration p-type GaN layer 18. ing.
- the configuration shown in FIG. 1 is only an example of the configuration of the p-type nitride semiconductor layer.
- a p-type impurity is not specifically limited, For example, it is preferable that it is magnesium.
- the carrier concentration in each of the p-type nitride semiconductor layers 16, 17, and 18 is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 17 / cm 3 or more. Since the activation rate of the p-type impurity is about 0.01, the concentration of the p-type impurity in each of the p-type nitride semiconductor layers 16, 17 and 18 (the concentration of the p-type impurity is different from the carrier concentration) is 1 ⁇ . It is preferably 10 19 / cm 3 or more.
- the concentration of the p-type impurity in the portion located on the light emitting layer 14 side of the p-type nitride semiconductor layer may be less than 1 ⁇ 10 19 / cm 3 .
- the total thickness of the p-type nitride semiconductor layers 16, 17, and 18 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 50 nm or more and 300 nm or less. By reducing the total thickness of the p-type nitride semiconductor layers 16, 17 and 18, the heating time during the growth can be shortened. Thereby, diffusion of p-type impurities into the light emitting layer 14 can be suppressed.
- the n-side electrode 21 and the p-side electrode 25 are electrodes for supplying driving power to the nitride semiconductor light emitting element 1.
- Each of the n-side electrode 21 and the p-side electrode 25 preferably has a pad electrode part and a branch electrode part connected to the pad electrode part (FIG. 2). Thereby, an electric current can be spread
- at least one of the n-side electrode 21 and the p-side electrode 25 may be composed of only the pad electrode portion.
- an insulating layer for preventing current injection into the p-side electrode 25 is provided below the p-side electrode 25. Thereby, the amount of light shielded by the p-side electrode 25 among the light generated in the light emitting layer 14 is reduced.
- the n-side electrode 21 is preferably configured, for example, by laminating a titanium layer, an aluminum layer, and a gold layer in this order. Assuming the case where wire bonding is performed on the n-side electrode 21, the thickness of the n-side electrode 21 is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more.
- the p-side electrode 25 is preferably composed of, for example, a nickel layer, an aluminum layer, a titanium layer, and a gold layer laminated in this order, but may be made of the same material as the n-side electrode 21. Assuming the case where wire bonding is performed on the p-side electrode 25, the thickness of the p-side electrode 25 is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more.
- the transparent electrode 23 is preferably a transparent conductive film such as ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) or IZO (Indium Zinc Oxide), and preferably has a thickness of 20 nm to 200 nm.
- ITO Indium Tin Oxide
- IZO Indium Zinc Oxide
- FIG. 4 shows the relationship between the film thickness ratio R and ESD failure rate when the sum of the thickness T 2 of the thickness T 1 and the n-type contact layer 8 of the base layer 7 is constant (Experiment Results) .
- the “ESD failure rate” shown on the vertical axis in FIG. 4 means the ratio of the ESD failure rate at each film thickness ratio R to the ESD failure rate when the film thickness ratio R is 1.
- the thickness T 1 of the base layer 7 is 3.3 ⁇ m or more and 8 ⁇ m or less
- the thickness T 2 of the n-type contact layer 8 is 2 ⁇ m or more and 6 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness T 1 of the base layer 7 is 3.7 ⁇ m or more and 7.5 ⁇ m or less
- the thickness T 2 of the n-type contact layer 8 is 2 ⁇ m or more and 4.5 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness T 1 of the underlayer 7 is more preferably 4.5 ⁇ m or more. Thereby, crystallinity is improved and the light output of the nitride semiconductor light emitting device 1 is improved. In addition, the planar density of the V pit 20 is reduced, the increase in resistance of the n-type contact layer 8 is suppressed, and the operating voltage of the nitride semiconductor light emitting device 1 is suppressed low.
- “Thickness T 1 of underlayer 7” means the size of underlayer 7 in the stacking direction of the nitride semiconductor layers.
- the “thickness T 1 of the foundation layer 7” means the minimum value of the size of the foundation layer 7 in the nitride semiconductor layer stacking direction.
- the “thickness T 1 of the underlayer 7” means the boundary between the underlayer 7 and the n-type contact layer 8 and the buffer layer and the underlayer 7 on the convex portion 3 ⁇ / b> A of the substrate 3. Means the distance between and the boundary.
- the cross section of the nitride semiconductor light emitting device 1 can be obtained according to the method of observing.
- “Thickness T 2 of n-type contact layer 8” means the size of n-type contact layer 8 in the stacking direction of the nitride semiconductor layers. When the thickness of the n-type contact layer 8 is not uniform, the “thickness T 2 of the n-type contact layer 8” is the maximum size of the n-type contact layer 8 in the stacking direction of the nitride semiconductor layers. Mean value. In the case shown in FIG. 1, “the thickness T 2 of the n-type contact layer 8” means the boundary between the base layer 7 and the n-type contact layer 8, the low-temperature n-type nitride semiconductor layer (V pit generation layer). 9 and the distance between the n-type contact layer 8 and the boundary. The thickness T 2 of the n-type contact layer 8 can be obtained by the same method as the thickness T 1 of the base layer 7.
- V pit generation layer the number density of V pits 20 (hereinafter referred to as “plane density of V pits 20”) on the surface of the light emitting layer 14 located on the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 16 side is a dislocation extending from the base layer 7. Reflects the plane density of. However, dislocations may newly occur during the growth process of the n-type buffer layer 11. Further, it cannot be said that all the dislocations extending from the underlayer 7 form the V pit 20. For this reason, the planar density of the V pits 20 and the planar density of dislocations extending from the underlayer 7 do not exactly match.
- the V pit 20 is indispensable in order to suppress a decrease in the light emission efficiency of the nitride semiconductor light emitting device 1 due to dislocations penetrating the light emitting layer 14 (the reason will be described later).
- the plane density of the V pits 20 reflects the plane density of dislocations extending from the underlayer 7
- the plane density of the V pits 20 is preferably as low as possible, 1.5 ⁇ 10 8 / cm 2 or less is preferable.
- the plane density of the V pit 20 is 1.2 ⁇ 10 8 / cm 2 .
- the base layer 7 and the n-type contact layer 8 are It is required to reduce the number of dislocations extending to the light emitting layer 14 side as much as possible. Further, the n-type buffer layer 11 is required to suppress the occurrence of new dislocations in the n-type buffer layer 11, and the V pits 20 are formed as much as possible in the dislocations existing in the n-type buffer layer 11. Is required.
- the plane density of the V pit 20 is changed by variously changing the growth conditions of the nitride semiconductor layer constituting the nitride semiconductor light emitting element 1, and the plane density of the V pit 20 and the light output of the nitride semiconductor light emitting element 1 are changed.
- the result of investigating the relationship is shown in FIG. As can be seen from FIG. 5, the light output of the nitride semiconductor light emitting device 1 increased as the planar density of the V pits 20 decreased.
- nitride semiconductor light emitting devices were manufactured by changing the growth conditions of the nitride semiconductor layers constituting the nitride semiconductor light emitting device 1 in various ways.
- the relationship between the film thickness ratio R and the ESD defect rate was investigated, and the relationship between the planar density of the V pit 20 and the light output of the nitride semiconductor light emitting device 1 was determined.
- the results shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 were obtained.
- the light emitting device was the same nitride semiconductor light emitting device. Also, the nitride semiconductor light emitting device that gave the other result of the two results included in the region X in FIG. 4 and the nitridation that gave the other result of the two results included in the region Y in FIG.
- the nitride semiconductor light emitting device is the same nitride semiconductor light emitting device. As described above, when the film thickness ratio R is 0.8 or less and the plane density of the V pits 20 is 1.5 ⁇ 10 8 / cm 2 or less, the nitride semiconductor light emitting device 1 at the actual use temperature is obtained.
- the plane density of the V pits 20 is 1.2 ⁇ 10 8 / cm 2 or less.
- the plane of the V pit 20 The density can be determined.
- V pit 20 is indispensable in order to suppress the decrease in the light emission efficiency of the nitride semiconductor light emitting device 1 due to the dislocation (threading dislocation) penetrating through the light emitting layer 14 is described below. Since the V pit 20 is considered to be generated due to threading dislocations, most of the threading dislocations are considered to be inside the V pit 20. Here, since it is possible to suppress the electrons and holes injected into the light emitting layer 14 from reaching the inside of the V pit 20, it is possible to suppress the electrons and holes injected into the light emitting layer 14 from reaching threading dislocations.
- the underlayer 7 is made of a nitride semiconductor represented by the general formula Al x1 In y1 Ga 1 -x1-y1 N (0 ⁇ x1 ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y1 ⁇ 1)
- the n-type contact layer 8 is generally formed of a nitride semiconductor represented by the formula Al x2 in y2 Ga 1-x2 -y2 N (0 ⁇ x2 ⁇ 1,0 ⁇ y2 ⁇ 1).
- the lattice mismatch between the light emitting layer 14 and the underlayer 7 and the n-type contact layer 8 is suppressed to the minimum, so that the crystallinity of the light emitting layer 14 can be improved.
- the nitride semiconductor light emitting device 1 that has excellent environmental resistance and can be used stably can be provided.
- the underlayer 7 and the n-type contact layer 8 have the same composition, but different concentrations of conductive impurities. Thereby, since the lattice mismatch between the base layer 7 and the n-type contact layer 8 is minimized, the occurrence of crystal defects can be suppressed, and the crystallinity is improved.
- the composition of the underlayer 7 and the n-type contact layer 8 is the same” means that the nitride semiconductor constituting the underlayer 7 and the nitride semiconductor constituting the n-type contact layer 8 are the same. Means. Specifically, the types of elements contained in the nitride semiconductor constituting the underlying layer 7 and the types of elements contained in the nitride semiconductor constituting the n-type contact layer 8 are the same.
- the nitride semiconductor constituting the underlayer 7 is represented by the general formula Al x1 In y1 Ga 1 -x1-y1 N (0 ⁇ x1 ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y1 ⁇ 1), and constitutes the n-type contact layer 8.
- nitride semiconductor is represented by the general formula Al x2 In y2 Ga 1 -x2-y2 N (0 ⁇ x2 ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y2 ⁇ 1)
- x1 is 0.9 times or more x2 and 1.1
- y1 is 0.9 times to 1.1 times y2.
- both the base layer 7 and the n-type contact layer 8 are preferably made of GaN.
- the nitride semiconductor light emitting device 1 can be produced stably over a long period of time.
- the light emitting layer 14 emits ultraviolet rays or near ultraviolet rays
- it is preferable that both the base layer 7 and the n-type contact layer 8 are made of AlGaN.
- Underlayer 7 and n-type contact layer 8 have different conductivity-type impurity concentrations means that the concentration of conductive-type impurities in underlayer 7 is 1 ⁇ 2 of the concentration of conductive-type impurities in n-type contact layer 8. Means less than double. Preferably, the concentration of conductive impurities in the underlayer 7 is not more than 1/10 times the concentration of conductive impurities in the n-type contact layer 8.
- the nitride semiconductor light emitting device 1 can be manufactured according to the following method.
- the buffer layer 5 is formed on the substrate 3 by, eg, sputtering.
- the base layer 7, the n-type contact layer 8, the low-temperature n-type nitride semiconductor layer (V pit generation layer) 9, the multilayer structure 10, the light emitting layer 14, and the intermediate layer are formed on the buffer layer 5 by, for example, MOCVD.
- Layer 15 and p-type nitride semiconductor layers 16, 17, and 18 are formed in this order.
- the pit generation layer 9 and the n-type contact layer 8 are etched.
- An n-side electrode 21 is formed on the upper surface of the n-type contact layer 8 exposed by this etching.
- the transparent electrode 23 and the p-side electrode 25 are sequentially stacked on the upper surface of the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 18. Then, the transparent protective film 27 is formed so that the transparent electrode 23 and the side surface of each layer exposed by the said etching may be covered. Thereby, the nitride semiconductor light emitting device 1 shown in FIG. 1 is obtained.
- the composition, thickness, and the like of each layer are as described above in “Configuration of nitride semiconductor light emitting device”. Preferred growth conditions for each layer are shown below.
- the substrate 3 on which the buffer layer 5 is formed is put into a first MOCVD apparatus, and the base layer 7 is grown preferably at 800 ° C. or higher and 1250 ° C. or lower, more preferably 900 ° C. or higher and 1150 ° C. or lower. Thereby, the foundation layer 7 with few crystal defects and excellent crystal quality is formed.
- the base layer is embedded so as to be embedded between the diagonal facet surfaces by the embedded growth mode. Grow part of 7). In this way, the base layer 7 having a flat growth surface is formed. Thereby, the foundation layer 7 with few crystal defects and excellent crystal quality is formed.
- the facet growth mode has higher growth pressure and lower growth temperature than the buried growth mode.
- a part of the underlayer 7 can be grown in the facet growth mode at a pressure of 500 Torr and a temperature of 990 ° C., and the rest of the underlayer 7 is grown in a buried growth mode at a pressure of 200 Torr and a temperature of 1080 ° C. be able to.
- the n-type contact layer 8 is grown on the upper surface of the underlayer 7 by MOCVD or the like, preferably at 800 ° C. or higher and 1250 ° C. or lower, more preferably 900 ° C. or higher and 1150 ° C. or lower. Thereby, the n-type contact layer 8 with few crystal defects and excellent crystal quality can be grown.
- the low-temperature n-type nitride semiconductor layer (V pit generation layer) 9 It is preferable to grow the low-temperature n-type nitride semiconductor layer (V pit generation layer) 9 at a temperature lower than the growth temperature of the n-type contact layer 8.
- the growth temperature of the low-temperature n-type nitride semiconductor layer (V pit generation layer) is preferably 950 ° C. or lower, more preferably 700 ° C. or higher, and further preferably 750 ° C. or higher. If the growth temperature of the low-temperature n-type nitride semiconductor layer (V pit generation layer) is 700 ° C. or higher, the light emission efficiency in the light emitting layer 14 can be maintained high.
- the multilayer structure 10 is preferably grown at a temperature not higher than the growth temperature of the low-temperature n-type nitride semiconductor layer (V pit generation layer) 9. As a result, the size of the V pit 20 is increased, so that most of the dislocations penetrating the light emitting layer 14 exist inside the V pit 20, thereby improving the light emission efficiency of the nitride semiconductor light emitting device 1. .
- the growth temperature of the multilayer structure 10 is preferably 600 ° C. or higher, more preferably 700 ° C. or higher.
- the low-temperature n-type nitride semiconductor layer (V pit generation layer) 9 and the multilayer structure 10 may be grown at the same growth temperature. Thereby, generation
- V-pit planar density and nitride semiconductor layer growth conditions In order to reduce the planar density of the V pit 20, the following is important.
- an aluminum nitride-based material is used as the material of the buffer layer 5, and the base layer 7 is grown on the convex portions 3 ⁇ / b> A at the initial stage of growth of the base layer 7 (the stage in which the unevenness on the surface of the substrate 3 is embedded with the base layer 7).
- face layer growth of the underlayer 7 in the recess 3B while suppressing dislocations concentrate on the center of the protrusion 3A.
- the growth rate of each of the low-temperature n-type nitride semiconductor layer 9 and the multilayer structure 10 is maintained at about 0.5 nm / min to 50 nm / min, and the impurity concentration thereof is 1 ⁇ 10 17 / cm 3 or more.
- the planar density of the V pits 20 can be 1.5 ⁇ 10 8 / cm 2 or less.
- the growth rate of each of the low-temperature n-type nitride semiconductor layer 9 and the multilayer structure 10 is maintained at about 1.0 nm / min to 15 nm / min, and the impurity concentration thereof is 1 ⁇ 10 18 / cm 3. 3 or more and 1 ⁇ 10 19 / cm 3 or less.
- the following source gases can be used.
- the Ga source gas for example, TMG (trimethylgallium) or TEG (triethylgallium) can be used.
- TMA trimethylaluminium
- TEA triethylaluminium
- TMI trimethylindium
- TEI triethylindium
- the N source gas for example, NH 3 or DMHy (Dimethyihydrazine) can be used.
- SiH 4 , Si 2 H 6, or organic Si can be used as a source gas for Si that is an n-type impurity.
- a source gas for Mg, which is a p-type impurity for example, Cp 2 Mg can be used.
- the nitride semiconductor light emitting device 1 shown in FIG. 1 includes at least a base layer 7, an n-type contact layer 8, a light emitting layer 14, and p-type nitride semiconductor layers 16, 17, 18 provided in order on a substrate 3.
- the film thickness ratio R which is the ratio of the thickness of the n-type contact layer 8 to the thickness of the underlayer 7, is 0.8 or less.
- the number density of V pits on the surface of the light emitting layer 14 located on the p-type nitride semiconductor layers 16, 17, 18 side is 1.5 ⁇ 10 8 / cm 2 or less.
- the film thickness ratio R is 0.6 or less. Thereby, the ESD tolerance of the nitride semiconductor light emitting device 1 is further improved.
- the concentration of the conductive impurities in the underlayer 7 is 1.0 ⁇ 10 17 / cm 3 or less. Thereby, the dislocation density is lowered and the crystallinity is improved. More preferably, the underlying layer 7 is not intentionally doped with conductive impurities. Thereby, the favorable crystallinity of the light emitting layer 14 can be maintained.
- the underlayer 7 is preferably made of a nitride semiconductor represented by the general formula Al x1 In y1 Ga 1-x1-y1 N (0 ⁇ x1 ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y1 ⁇ 1). It is preferably made of a nitride semiconductor represented by the general formula Al x2 In y2 Ga 1-x2-y2 N (0 ⁇ x2 ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y2 ⁇ 1).
- the base layer 7 and the n-type contact layer 8 have different concentrations of conductive impurities and have the same composition. As a result, the lattice mismatch between the base layer 7 and the n-type contact layer 8 is minimized, so that the crystallinity is improved.
- Both the base layer 7 and the n-type contact layer 8 are preferably made of GaN. Thereby, since the control of the composition is simplified, the nitride semiconductor light emitting device 1 can be produced stably over a long period of time.
- Both the underlayer 7 and the n-type contact layer 8 are preferably made of AlGaN. Thereby, the nitride semiconductor light emitting element 1 which emits ultraviolet rays or near ultraviolet rays can be provided.
- the thickness of the foundation layer 7 is preferably 4.5 ⁇ m or more. As a result, the planar density of the V pit 20 is reduced, the increase in resistance of the n-type contact layer 8 is suppressed, and the operating voltage of the nitride semiconductor light emitting element 1 is suppressed low.
- Example 1 ⁇ Manufacture of nitride semiconductor light emitting device>
- a sapphire substrate having a diameter of 150 mm
- the convex portion had the cross-sectional shape of the convex portion 3A shown in FIG. 1, and thus had a conical tip portion having a low height.
- the convex portion was provided at a position that is a substantially triangular apex in plan view, and the interval between adjacent apexes was 2 ⁇ m.
- the shape of the convex portion on the upper surface of the sapphire substrate was substantially circular, and the diameter of the circle was about 1.2 ⁇ m. Further, the height of the convex portion was about 0.6 ⁇ m.
- the recess had the cross-sectional shape of the recess 3B shown in FIG.
- RCA cleaning was performed on the upper surface of the sapphire substrate on which the convex and concave portions were formed.
- the sapphire substrate after RCA cleaning was placed in a chamber and heated.
- a buffer layer (thickness: 25 nm) made of AlN crystals was formed on the upper surface of the substrate by a reactive sputtering method using an Al target in an argon atmosphere containing nitrogen.
- the sapphire substrate on which the buffer layer was formed was put into an MOCVD apparatus, and the temperature of the sapphire substrate was set to 1000 ° C.
- a base layer made of undoped GaN was grown on the upper surface of the buffer layer by MOCVD, and then an n-type contact layer made of Si-doped GaN was grown on the upper surface of the base layer.
- the underlayer thickness T 1 (see FIG. 1) was 6 ⁇ m
- the n-type contact layer thickness T 2 (see FIG. 1) was 3 ⁇ m. Therefore, the film thickness ratio R was 0.5.
- the n-type dopant concentration of the n-type contact layer was 1 ⁇ 10 19 / cm 3 .
- V pit generation layer a low-temperature n-type nitride semiconductor layer (V pit generation layer) (thickness 30 nm) made of Si-doped GaN was grown on the upper surface of the n-type contact layer.
- the n-type impurity concentration of the low-temperature n-type nitride semiconductor layer (V pit generation layer) was 9 ⁇ 10 18 / cm 3 .
- the multilayer structure was grown with the temperature of the sapphire substrate held at 801 ° C. Specifically, 20 sets of wide band gap layers (thickness 1.55 nm) made of Si-doped GaN and narrow band gap layers (thickness 1.55 nm) made of Si-doped InGaN were grown alternately. In any layer constituting the multilayer structure 10, the concentration of the n-type impurity was 7 ⁇ 10 18 / cm 3 .
- a light emitting layer was grown. Specifically, barrier layers (thickness: 4.0 nm) made of GaN and well layers (thickness: 3.7 nm) made of InGaN were alternately grown to form eight well layers.
- the n-type impurity concentration of the two barrier layers positioned on the multilayer structure side was 4.3 ⁇ 10 18 / cm 3 , and the other barrier layers were undoped layers.
- An intermediate layer (thickness 4 nm) made of undoped GaN was grown on the upper surface of the light emitting layer (specifically, the upper surface of the uppermost well layer).
- a p-type Al 0.18 Ga 0.82 N layer, a p-type GaN layer, and a p-type contact layer were sequentially grown on the upper surface of the intermediate layer.
- a p-type contact layer, a p-type GaN layer, a p-type Al 0.18 Ga 0.82 N layer, an intermediate layer, a light emitting layer, a multilayer structure, a low-temperature n-type nitride semiconductor layer (V The pit generation layer) and the n-type contact layer were etched.
- An n-side electrode 21 made of Au or the like was formed on the upper surface of the n-type contact layer exposed by this etching.
- a transparent electrode made of ITO and a p-side electrode made of Au or the like were sequentially formed on the upper surface of the p-type contact layer.
- a transparent protective film made of SiO 2 was formed so as to mainly cover the transparent electrode and the side surface of each layer exposed by the etching.
- the sapphire substrate was divided into 620 ⁇ 680 ⁇ m size chips. Thereby, the nitride semiconductor light emitting device of this example was obtained.
- the obtained nitride semiconductor light-emitting device was screened (stress equivalent to 2 KV was applied using a human body model) to check whether the ESD resistance was good. As a result, the ESD failure rate was 5% or less, which showed very excellent ESD resistance.
- the obtained nitride semiconductor light emitting device was mounted on a TO-18 type stem, and the light output of the nitride semiconductor light emitting device was measured without sealing with resin.
- the light output P (25) 181.5 mW (dominant wavelength 450 nm) at a driving voltage of 3.05 V.
- the optical output P (80) 176.8 mW at a driving voltage of 3.05 V.
- the temperature characteristic (P (80) / P (25)) of the nitride semiconductor light emitting device of this example was 97.4%.
- the light output P measured in an environment of 25 ° C. is denoted as “P (25)”
- the light output P measured in an environment of 80 ° C. is denoted as “P (80)”.
- the light emitting layer was grown according to the method described above. Immediately after the growth of the light emitting layer, the temperature of the sapphire substrate was lowered and the substrate was taken out of the MOCVD apparatus. Immediately after that, when the plane density of the V pits was determined using an AFM apparatus, the plane density of the V pits was 1.0 ⁇ 10 8 / cm 2 .
- Example 1 The method described in Example 1 was used except that the thickness T 1 (see FIG. 1) of the underlayer was 4.5 ⁇ m and the thickness T 2 (see FIG. 1) of the n-type contact layer was 4.5 ⁇ m. Therefore, a nitride semiconductor light emitting device was manufactured.
- the film thickness ratio R was 1.0.
- the plane density of V pits was 1.05 ⁇ 10 8 / cm 2 .
- Example 2 The method described in Example 2 was used except that the thickness T 1 (see FIG. 1) of the underlayer was 4.5 ⁇ m and the thickness T 2 (see FIG. 1) of the n-type contact layer was 4.5 ⁇ m. Therefore, a nitride semiconductor light emitting device was manufactured.
- the film thickness ratio R was 1.0.
- Example 3 A nitride semiconductor light emitting device was manufactured according to the method described in Example 1 except for the following points. That is, after the base layer and the n-type contact layer were grown by the first MOCVD apparatus, the sapphire substrate was taken out from the first MOCVD apparatus and placed in the second MOCVD apparatus. Thereafter, in the second MOCVD apparatus, a low-temperature n-type nitride semiconductor layer (V pit generation layer), a multilayer structure, a light emitting layer, an intermediate layer, a p-type Al 0.18 Ga 0.82 N layer, a p-type GaN layer and a p-type contact layer are formed. Grown in order. When the nitride semiconductor light emitting device thus manufactured was evaluated according to the method described in Example 1, there was no difference in the characteristics of the nitride semiconductor light emitting device between Example 1 and this example. I understood that.
- an apparatus for growing a thick base layer and an n-type contact layer (requires high-speed growth) and an apparatus for growing a light-emitting layer (low-speed growth and excellent crystal quality uniformity) Growth is necessary).
- an optimum film forming apparatus can be selected for growing each layer, the manufacturing efficiency of the nitride semiconductor light emitting device is improved.
- Example 4 ⁇ Manufacture of nitride semiconductor light emitting device> Nitride according to the method described in Example 1 except that the thickness T 1 (see FIG. 1) of the underlayer is 7 ⁇ m and the thickness T 2 (see FIG. 1) of the n-type contact layer is 2 ⁇ m. A semiconductor light emitting device was manufactured. In this example, the film thickness ratio R was 0.29.
- the plane density of the V pits was determined according to the method described in Example 1, the plane density of the V pits was 0.8 ⁇ 10 8 / cm 2 .
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明の一実施形態に係る窒化物半導体発光素子の断面図であり、図2に示すI-I線における断面図である。図2は、窒化物半導体発光素子1の平面図である。
基板3は、例えばサファイア基板のような絶縁性基板であっても良いし、例えばGaN基板、SiC基板またはZnO基板などのような導電性基板であっても良い。窒化物半導体層の成長時の基板3の厚さは、基板3の大きさにより異なるため一概に言えないが、直径が150mmの基板では例えば900μm以上1200μm以下であることが好ましい。また、窒化物半導体発光素子1における基板3の厚さは、例えば50μm以上300μm以下であることが好ましい。
バッファ層5は例えばAls0Gat0Ou0N1-u0(0≦s0≦1、0≦t0≦1、0≦u0≦1、s0+t0≠0)層であることが好ましく、より好ましくはAlN層またはAlON層である。バッファ層5の厚さは特に限定されないが、3nm以上100nm以下であることが好ましく、より好ましくは5nm以上50nm以下である。
下地層7は、例えばMOCVD(Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition)法によりバッファ層5の上面に形成される。下地層7は、例えば、一般式Alx1Iny1Ga1-x1-y1N(0≦x1<1、0≦y1≦1)で表される窒化物半導体からなることが好ましい。下地層7がバッファ層5中の転位などの結晶欠陥を引き継がないようにするためには、下地層7はIII族元素としてGaを含む窒化物半導体からなることが好ましい。
n型コンタクト層8は、一般式Alx2Iny2Ga1-x2-y2N(0≦x2≦1、0≦y2≦1)で表される窒化物半導体からなる層にn型不純物がドープされた層であることが好ましく、より好ましくは一般式Alx2Ga1-x2N(0≦x2<1、好ましくは0≦x2≦0.5、より好ましくは0≦x2≦0.1)で表される窒化物半導体からなる層にn型不純物がドープされた層である。
窒化物半導体発光素子1のうちn型コンタクト層8までの下部構造の厚さは非常に大きいので、n型コンタクト層8までの下部構造を一定の結晶性を担保しつつ出来るだけ短時間で成長させる必要がある。そのため、n型コンタクト層8までの下部構造の形成温度は、一般に、発光層14の形成温度よりも数百℃高い。n型バッファ層11は、n型コンタクト層8までの下部構造の成長から発光層14の成長へ移行するためのバッファ層としての役割を有し、n型バッファ層11の成長温度はn型コンタクト層8の成長温度よりも低く発光層14の成長温度よりも高い。n型バッファ層11のうちn型コンタクト層8に接する層は低温n型窒化物半導体層9である。n型コンタクト層8の成長温度から温度を下げて低温n型窒化物半導体層9を成長させることにより、低温n型窒化物半導体層9にはVピット20が発生し始める。したがって、低温n型窒化物半導体層9はVピット20発生層として機能する。なお、低温n型窒化物半導体層9の「低温」とは、成長温度がn型コンタクト層8の成長温度よりも低いことを意味している。
低温n型窒化物半導体層(Vピット発生層)9と発光層14との間には多層構造体10が設けられていることが好ましい。多層構造体10の主たる働きは、低温n型窒化物半導体層(Vピット発生層)9と発光層14とを離隔させ、発光層14の成長開始時の成長表面構造を出来る限り平坦で滑らかにし、さらには、Vピット20を一定以上の大きさに拡大することである。
発光層14には部分的にVピット20が形成されている。「発光層14には部分的にVピット20が形成されている」とは、発光層14の上面(p型窒化物半導体層16側に位置する発光層14の面)をAFMで観察したときにVピット20が発光層14の上面において黒い点状(発光層14においては逆六角錐状の穴)に観察されることを意味する(図3参照)。図3には、発光層14の上面をAFMで観察した結果を示す。
各井戸層の組成は、窒化物半導体発光素子1に求められる発光波長に合わせて調整されることが好ましい。例えば、井戸層は、AlcGadIn1-c-dN(0≦c<1、0<d≦1)層であることが好ましく、より好ましくはAlを含まないIneGa1-eN(0<e≦1)層である。波長が375nm以下の紫外光を発光させる場合には、発光層14の井戸層のバンドギャップエネルギーを大きくする必要があるので、各井戸層の組成はAlを含むことが好ましい。
各バリア層の厚さは、特に限定されないが、1nm以上10nm以下であることが好ましく、3nm以上7nm以下であることがより好ましい。各バリア層の厚さが薄いほど、窒化物半導体発光素子1の駆動電圧が低下する。しかし、各バリア層の厚さが極端に薄ければ、窒化物半導体発光素子1の発光効率の低下を引き起こすことがある。
中間層15は、発光層14とp型窒化物半導体層16との間に設けられ、p型不純物(例えばMg)がp型窒化物半導体層16から発光層14(特に井戸層)に拡散することを防止する役割を有する。p型不純物が井戸層に拡散すると、窒化物半導体発光素子1の発光効率の低下を招くことがある。そのため、発光層14とp型窒化物半導体層16との間に中間層15を設けることが好ましい。
図1には、窒化物半導体発光素子1がp型AlGaN層16とp型GaN層17と高濃度p型GaN層18との3層構造からなるp型窒化物半導体層を備えることが記載されている。しかし、図1に記載の構成はp型窒化物半導体層の構成の一例に過ぎない。p型窒化物半導体層16,17,18は、例えば、Als4Gat4Inu4N(0≦s4≦1、0≦t4≦1、0≦u4≦1、s4+t4+u4=1)層にp型不純物がドープされた層であることが好ましく、より好ましくはAls4Ga1-s4N(0<s4≦0.4、好ましくは0.1≦s4≦0.3)層にp型不純物がドープされた層である。
n側電極21及びp側電極25は、窒化物半導体発光素子1に駆動電力を供給するための電極である。n側電極21及びp側電極25は、それぞれ、パッド電極部と、パッド電極部に接続される枝電極部とを有することが好ましい(図2)。これにより、電流を拡散させることができる。しかし、n側電極21及びp側電極25のうちの少なくとも1つはパッド電極部のみで構成されていても良い。
今般、ESD不良率(スクリーニングによりESD耐性の良否を調べた結果、得られた不良率)が膜厚比Rに依存することが分かった。図4には、下地層7の厚さT1とn型コンタクト層8の厚さT2との合計が一定である場合における膜厚比RとESD不良率との関係(実験結果)を示す。図4の縦軸に示す「ESD不良率」は、膜厚比Rが1である場合のESD不良率に対する各膜厚比RでのESD不良率の割合を意味する。
基板3の上にバッファ層5を挟んで下地層7を成長させる過程において、大量の結晶欠陥が発生する。しかし、大量の結晶欠陥は、下地層7の成長が進むにつれて、また、n型コンタクト層8の成長により、徐々に減少する。
好ましくは、下地層7は一般式Alx1Iny1Ga1-x1-y1N(0≦x1<1、0≦y1≦1)で表される窒化物半導体からなり、n型コンタクト層8は一般式Alx2Iny2Ga1-x2-y2N(0≦x2<1、0≦y2≦1)で表される窒化物半導体からなる。これにより、発光層14と下地層7及びn型コンタクト層8との格子不整合が最小限に抑制されるので、発光層14の結晶性を高めることができる。また、耐環境性に優れ、安定した使用が可能な窒化物半導体発光素子1を提供できる。
例えば次に示す方法にしたがって窒化物半導体発光素子1を製造できる。
バッファ層5が形成された基板3を第1MOCVD装置に入れ、好ましくは800℃以上1250℃以下で、より好ましくは900℃以上1150℃以下で、下地層7を成長させる。これにより、結晶欠陥が少なく且つ結晶品質に優れた下地層7が形成される。
例えばMOCVD法などにより、好ましくは800℃以上1250℃以下で、より好ましくは900℃以上1150℃以下で、下地層7の上面にn型コンタクト層8を成長させる。これにより、結晶欠陥が少なく且つ結晶品質に優れたn型コンタクト層8を成長させることができる。
n型コンタクト層8の成長温度よりも低い温度で低温n型窒化物半導体層(Vピット発生層)9を成長させることが好ましい。具体的には、低温n型窒化物半導体層(Vピット発生層)の成長温度は、950℃以下であることが好ましく、より好ましくは700℃以上であり、更に好ましくは750℃以上である。低温n型窒化物半導体層(Vピット発生層)の成長温度が700℃以上であれば、発光層14での発光効率を高く維持できる。
低温n型窒化物半導体層(Vピット発生層)9の成長温度以下の温度で多層構造体10を成長させることが好ましい。これにより、Vピット20の大きさが大きくなるので、発光層14を貫通する転位の大部分がVピット20の内側に存在することとなり、よって、窒化物半導体発光素子1の発光効率が向上する。この効果を有効に得るためには、多層構造体10の成長温度は、600℃以上であることが好ましく、より好ましくは700℃以上である。
Vピット20の平面密度を低減させるためには、次に示すことが重要である。例えば、バッファ層5の材料として窒化アルミ系材料を用い、且つ、下地層7の成長初期(基板3の表面の凹凸を下地層7で埋め込む段階)において凸部3Aへの下地層7の成長を抑制しつつ下地層7を凹部3Bにファセット成長させることによって、転位が凸部3Aの中央に集中する。これにより、下地層7からn型コンタクト層8へ伸びる転位を減らすことができ、よって、Vピット20の平面密度が低減する。また、n型コンタクト層8で転位を増やさないように、n型コンタクト層8の成長条件を最適化する必要がある。更に、低温n型窒化物半導体層9及び多層構造体10のそれぞれの成長速度を0.5nm/分以上50nm/分以下程度に保ち、且つ、これらの不純物濃度を1×1017/cm3以上1×1019/cm3以下とすることにより、Vピット20の平面密度を1.5×108/cm2以下とすることができる。より好ましくは、低温n型窒化物半導体層9及び多層構造体10のそれぞれの成長速度を1.0nm/分以上15nm/分以下程度に保ち、且つ、これらの不純物濃度を1×1018/cm3以上1×1019/cm3以下とすることである。
図1に示す窒化物半導体発光素子1は、基板3の上に順に設けられた下地層7、n型コンタクト層8、発光層14及びp型窒化物半導体層16,17,18を少なくとも備える。下地層7の厚さに対するn型コンタクト層8の厚さの割合である膜厚比Rが0.8以下である。p型窒化物半導体層16,17,18側に位置する発光層14の面におけるVピットの数密度が1.5×108/cm2以下である。これにより、実使用温度での発光効率の向上及び温度特性の向上とESD耐性の向上とを相反させることなく実現できる。
[実施例1]
<窒化物半導体発光素子の製造>
まず、凸部と凹部とからなる凹凸形状が上面に形成されたサファイア基板(直径が150mm)を準備した。凸部は、図1に示す凸部3Aの断面形状を有し、そのため、高さの低い円錐状の先端部を有していた。凸部は平面視において略三角形の頂点となる位置に設けられ、隣り合う頂点間隔は2μmであった。サファイア基板の上面における凸部の形状は略円形であり、その円の直径は1.2μm程度であった。また、凸部の高さが0.6μm程度であった。凹部は、図1に示す凹部3Bの断面形状を有していた。
得られた窒化物半導体発光素子に対して、スクリーニングを行って(ヒューマンボディモデルで2KV相当のストレスを与えて)ESD耐性の良否を調べた。その結果、ESD不良率は5%以下であり、非常に優れたESD耐性を示した。
下地層の厚さT1(図1参照)を4.5μmとしn型コンタクト層の厚さT2(図1参照)を4.5μmとしたことを除いては実施例1に記載の方法にしたがって、窒化物半導体発光素子を製造した。本比較例では、膜厚比Rは1.0であった。
<窒化物半導体発光素子の製造>
多層構造体の構成が異なることを除いては実施例1に記載の方法にしたがって窒化物半導体発光素子を製造した。具体的には、SiドープGaNからなるワイドバンドギャップ層(厚さが11nm)とSiドープInGaNからなるナローバンドギャップ層(厚さが11nm)とを交互に5組、成長させた。多層構造体10を構成するいずれの層においてもn型不純物の濃度は6×1018cm/3であった。ナローバンドギャップ層の組成はいずれにおいてもInyGa1-yN(y=0.04)であった。
実施例1に記載の方法にしたがってESD不良率を調べたところ、ESD不良率は5%以下であり、非常に優れたESD耐性を示した。
下地層の厚さT1(図1参照)を4.5μmとしn型コンタクト層の厚さT2(図1参照)を4.5μmとしたことを除いては実施例2に記載の方法にしたがって、窒化物半導体発光素子を製造した。本比較例では、膜厚比Rは1.0であった。
次に示す点を除いては実施例1に記載の方法にしたがって窒化物半導体発光素子を製造した。即ち、下地層とn型コンタクト層とを第1MOCVD装置で成長した後、サファイア基板を第1MOCVD装置から取り出して第2MOCVD装置へ入れた。その後、第2MOCVD装置において、低温n型窒化物半導体層(Vピット発生層)、多層構造体、発光層、中間層、p型Al0.18Ga0.82N層、p型GaN層及びp型コンタクト層を順に成長させた。このようにして製造された窒化物半導体発光素子に対して実施例1に記載の方法にしたがって評価を行ったところ、実施例1と本実施例とでは窒化物半導体発光素子の特性に差異がないことが分かった。
<窒化物半導体発光素子の製造>
下地層の厚さT1(図1参照)を7μmとしn型コンタクト層の厚さT2(図1参照)を2μmとしたことを除いては実施例1に記載の方法にしたがって、窒化物半導体発光素子を製造した。本実施例では、膜厚比Rは0.29であった。
実施例1に記載の方法にしたがってESD不良率を調べたところ、ESD不良率は3%以下であり、実施例1~3よりもさらに優れたESD耐性を示した。
Claims (9)
- 基板の上に順に設けられた下地層、n型コンタクト層、発光層及びp型窒化物半導体層を少なくとも備える窒化物半導体発光素子であって、
前記下地層の厚さに対する前記n型コンタクト層の厚さの割合である膜厚比Rが0.8以下であり、
前記p型窒化物半導体層側に位置する前記発光層の面におけるVピットの数密度が1.5×108/cm2以下であることを特徴とすると窒化物半導体発光素子。 - 前記膜厚比Rが0.6以下である請求項1に記載の窒化物半導体発光素子。
- 前記下地層の導電型不純物の濃度が1.0×1017/cm3以下である請求項1または2に記載の窒化物半導体発光素子。
- 前記下地層には導電型不純物が意図的にドープされていない請求項3に記載の窒化物半導体発光素子。
- 前記下地層は、一般式Alx1Iny1Ga1-x1-y1N(0≦x1<1、0≦y1≦1)で表される窒化物半導体からなり、
前記n型コンタクト層は、一般式Alx2Iny2Ga1-x2-y2N(0≦x2<1、0≦y2≦1)で表される窒化物半導体からなる請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の窒化物半導体発光素子。 - 前記下地層と前記n型コンタクト層とは、導電型不純物の濃度が異なり、且つ、同一組成からなる請求項5に記載の窒化物半導体発光素子。
- 前記下地層及び前記n型コンタクト層のいずれもがGaNからなる請求項5または6に記載の窒化物半導体発光素子。
- 前記下地層及び前記n型コンタクト層のいずれもがAlGaNからなる請求項5または6に記載の窒化物半導体発光素子。
- 前記下地層の厚さが4.5μm以上である請求項1~8のいずれかに記載の窒化物半導体発光素子。
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JP2023176169A (ja) * | 2022-05-31 | 2023-12-13 | 日機装株式会社 | 窒化物半導体発光素子 |
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JP6405430B1 (ja) * | 2017-09-15 | 2018-10-17 | 日機装株式会社 | 窒化物半導体発光素子及び窒化物半導体発光素子の製造方法 |
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