WO2016061990A1 - 显示用基板、显示面板及显示装置 - Google Patents

显示用基板、显示面板及显示装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016061990A1
WO2016061990A1 PCT/CN2015/074503 CN2015074503W WO2016061990A1 WO 2016061990 A1 WO2016061990 A1 WO 2016061990A1 CN 2015074503 W CN2015074503 W CN 2015074503W WO 2016061990 A1 WO2016061990 A1 WO 2016061990A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
substrate
display
layer
display device
display panel
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2015/074503
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
武延兵
王东升
董友梅
Original Assignee
京东方科技集团股份有限公司
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Application filed by 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 filed Critical 京东方科技集团股份有限公司
Priority to US14/770,907 priority Critical patent/US9891460B2/en
Priority to EP15794449.7A priority patent/EP3211475B1/en
Publication of WO2016061990A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016061990A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
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    • G02F1/133504—Diffusing, scattering, diffracting elements
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
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    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
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    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/0035—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
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    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
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    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
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    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
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    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
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    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
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    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
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    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
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    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
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    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
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    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/005—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
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    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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    • G02F2202/00—Materials and properties
    • G02F2202/42—Materials having a particular dielectric constant

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present invention relate to a display substrate, a display panel, and a display device.
  • LCD Liquid Crystal Display
  • the side-entry backlight generally includes a light guide plate and an illuminator, wherein the illuminant is disposed at a side of the light guide plate.
  • the illuminant is generally a line source, such as a Cold Cathode Fluorescent Light (CCFL) or a point source, such as a Light-Emitting Diode (LED)
  • the light guide is mainly used to convert a line source or a point source. It is a surface light source to improve the uniformity of illumination of the backlight, thereby improving the display effect of the display device.
  • a substrate for display comprising a substrate, the substrate including opposite upper and lower surfaces, and a lower surface of the substrate is formed with a scattering microstructure
  • the upper surface of the substrate is formed with a layer structure for display.
  • a display panel including an upper substrate and a lower substrate of a pair of substrates, the lower substrate being the substrate for display, the substrate substrate for display The upper surface is adjacent to the upper substrate, and the display layer structure includes a polarizing layer.
  • a display device comprising an illuminant and the display panel provided by the embodiment of the present invention, wherein the illuminant is located at a side or at the side of the substrate Below the substrate.
  • 1 is a schematic structural view of a display device
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a substrate for display according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the scattering microstructure of Figure 2 as a protrusion
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the scattering microstructure of FIG. 2 as a groove
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of the scattering microstructure of Figure 2 as a protrusion and a groove;
  • Figure 6 is a numerical diagram of luminous flux of conical grooves of different apex angles
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of another display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the "upper” and “lower” are based on the direction of light propagation, and the layer structure or film through which the light passes first is the lower layer, and the layer structure or film that passes through is the upper layer.
  • the display device mainly includes an upper substrate 10, a lower substrate 20, a liquid crystal 30 between the upper substrate 10 and the lower substrate 20, and a backlight 40 under the lower substrate 20, wherein An upper polarizer 101 is disposed above the upper substrate 10, and a lower polarizer 201 is disposed below the lower substrate 20.
  • the backlight 40 includes a light guide plate 401 and a light emitting diode 402 disposed on a side surface of the light guide plate 401.
  • the light emitted from the light-emitting diode 402 enters the light guide plate 401 from the side surface of the light guide plate 401, it is converted into a surface light source from the upper surface of the light guide plate 401 by a plurality of reflections, and is irradiated onto the lower substrate 20.
  • the light guide plate is relatively thick and costly.
  • the display device has been difficult to meet the requirements of ultra-thin and low cost.
  • the substrate for display includes a substrate 200 including an upper surface 202 and a lower surface 203, and a lower surface 203 of the substrate 200 is formed. There is a scattering microstructure 205, and the upper surface 202 of the substrate 200 is formed with a layer structure for display, for example, a layer structure such as the polarizing layer 204 and the array layer 208 shown in FIG.
  • the display substrate can be used as an array substrate of a display panel or as a color filter substrate of a display panel.
  • the corresponding display layer structure may include a thin film layer structure such as a polarizing layer, a thin film transistor, and a pixel electrode layer;
  • the corresponding layer structure for display may include a color film layer and a layer structure such as a black matrix.
  • the display substrate is formed with a scattering microstructure on a lower surface of the substrate such that light entering from a lower surface or a side surface of the substrate is incident on the scattering microstructure, and a surface light source is scattered and emitted from the upper surface, and the emitted light is emitted.
  • the brightness is more uniform.
  • the scattering microstructures are protrusions and/or grooves.
  • the scattering microstructure of the display substrate may be a protrusion 206; or as shown in FIG. 4, the scattering microstructure may also be a groove 207; or as shown in FIG. 5, the scattering microstructure may also be It is a protrusion 206 and a groove 207.
  • the protrusions or grooves may be on the order of nanometers or millimeters, and the protrusions or grooves of the nanometers are more uniform in scattering than millimeters.
  • the scattering microstructure is a nano-scale groove
  • the scattering microstructure can be formed by a nano-etching method, that is, etching with an etching solution to form a nano-scale groove; if the scattering microstructure is a nano-scale protrusion, the lining can be lining The lower surface of the bottom directly prints the nano-sized particles to form protrusions.
  • the groove may be filled with other materials having a refractive index different from that of the substrate.
  • the refractive index of the protrusion may be the same as or different from the substrate.
  • the above-mentioned protrusions or grooves may be hemispherical or conical.
  • the apex angle of the cone ranges from 90° to 132°.
  • the light is reflected from the upper surface of the substrate by reflection or recesses and no longer reflects; for other angles, conical bulges Or a groove, when the light is reflected by the protrusion or the groove and is emitted to the upper surface, some of the light is totally reflected and then returned to the substrate again, and when the light is directed to the side of the substrate, it may be directly emitted, resulting in Loss of light energy.
  • the above results are illustrated by taking a conical groove as an example.
  • the substrate size is 30 mm ⁇ 20 mm ⁇ 0.4 mm
  • the material is PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate)
  • one side of the substrate is provided with 9 LEDs, and each size is 0.4 mm ⁇ 0.4 mm ⁇ 0.1 mm.
  • the luminous flux of the conical grooves of different apex angles obtained at the receiving surface is as shown in FIG. 6. It can be seen from Fig.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a display panel, as shown in FIG. 7-8, comprising an upper substrate 10 and a lower substrate 20 of a pair of boxes, and the lower substrate 20 is the display substrate.
  • Lower substrate (display substrate) 20 A substrate 200 is included.
  • the substrate 200 includes opposing upper surfaces 202 and a lower surface 203.
  • the upper surface 202 is adjacent to the upper substrate 10.
  • the upper surface 202 of the substrate 200 is formed with a display layer structure, and the display layer structure includes a polarizing layer 204 ( An array layer 208) may also be included, the lower surface 203 of the substrate 200 being formed with a scattering microstructure 205.
  • the type of the display panel may be, for example, a TN (Twisted Nematic) display panel, or an ADS (Advanced Super Dimension Switch) display panel. It is an IPS (In-Plane Switching) type display panel or the like, but the present invention is not limited thereto; at the same time, the layer structure of the upper substrate and the lower substrate may also be changed, for example, the upper substrate may include a black matrix, a common The electrode layer has a layer structure, and the lower substrate may include a layer structure such as a polarizing layer, a thin film transistor, a pixel electrode layer, a passivation layer, and the like, and details are not described herein again.
  • the lower substrate of the display panel is formed with a scattering microstructure on the lower surface of the substrate such that light entering from the lower surface or the side surface of the substrate is incident on the scattering microstructure, and then scattered to form a surface light source, which is emitted from the upper surface and is emitted.
  • the brightness of the light is more uniform, which makes the display panel display better.
  • the polarizing layer may be a polarizer directly attached to the upper surface of the substrate, or may be a polarizing film formed on the upper surface of the substrate, and is not specifically required herein, as long as the light entering the polarizing layer is satisfied. Converted to polarized light.
  • the polarizing layer may be a metal such as Al (aluminum) deposited on the substrate, and then etched to form metal wires having a width of 20 nm to 500 nm, which are arranged in parallel to form a grating, thereby forming a wire grid polarizing film.
  • the wire grid polarizing film is greatly reduced in thickness with respect to the polarizer attached to the substrate, and the thickness of the display device is further reduced.
  • the principle of the wire grid polarizing film is that the electrons in the wire grid polarizing film can only move along the etched metal wire, and when the light is irradiated on the wire grating, the light wave electric vector is in the direction of the metal wire. The vibration is absorbed by the electrons in the wire, and the electrical vector in the direction of the vertical wire passes. Thus, only photons in the longitudinal direction of the wire are absorbed, and lateral photons are not absorbed, thereby obtaining linearly polarized light.
  • an upper polarizer 101 is further formed on the upper surface of the upper substrate 10.
  • the upper polarizer may be attached to the upper substrate or may be formed between the upper substrate and the liquid crystal, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • the display layer structure further includes an array layer 208 formed on the polarizing layer 204.
  • the array layer 208 may include other layer structures such as thin film transistors (not shown).
  • an insulating layer 209 is formed between the array layer 208 and the polarizing layer 204.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a display device, as shown in FIG. 7-8, the display device includes an illuminant 210, and the display panel provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the illuminator 210 is located on the side of the substrate 200 (as shown in FIG. 7) or under the substrate 200 (as shown in FIG. 8).
  • the illuminant 210 is located on the side of the substrate 200, and the light emitted by the illuminant 210 enters the substrate 200 through the side of the substrate 200, thereby forming a side-in type display device.
  • the display device has the characteristics of low cost and small volume. It should be noted that the position and the number of the illuminators on the side of the substrate may vary. For example, the illuminants may be located on one side of the substrate, or on two opposite sides, etc., but the invention is not limited thereto.
  • the illuminant 210 is located under the substrate 200, and the light emitted by the illuminant 210 enters the substrate 200 through the lower surface 203 of the substrate 200, thereby forming a direct type display device having High resolution, uniform brightness and so on.
  • the illuminant may be a line source such as a CCFL, or a point source such as an LED, or other light source, but the invention is not limited thereto.
  • the above display device is mainly used in the field of liquid crystal display. As shown in FIGS. 7-8, a liquid crystal 30 may be formed between the upper substrate 10 and the lower substrate 20. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and any display device requiring a backlight is The display device can be applied.
  • the display device has a scattering microstructure formed on a lower surface of a substrate of the lower substrate, so that light entering the inside of the substrate is scattered to form a surface light source, and is emitted from the upper surface of the substrate into the polarizing layer.
  • the display device does not need to provide a light guide plate, which reduces the thickness of the display device and reduces the production cost compared to the prior art.
  • the lower surface 203 of the substrate 200 also forms a reflective layer 211 covering the protrusions and/or grooves, such that the reflective layer 211 can reflect light emitted from the lower surface 203 of the substrate 200 to the substrate 200, thereby increasing the brightness of the display device.
  • the reflective layer may be a reflective sheet attached to the lower surface of the substrate, or may be a reflective film deposited on the lower surface of the substrate and covering the protrusions and/or the grooves.
  • the manufacturing process of the reflective sheet is simple, and the thickness of the reflective film is thin, and the reflective sheet or the reflective film can be selected according to actual conditions, and the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • the material of the reflective film may be Al (aluminum), Ag (silver) or the like, and in order to prevent the reflective film material from being oxidized, an anti-oxidation layer may be formed on the reflective film material.
  • a reflective layer is provided on the side surface of the substrate where the illuminant is not provided. That is, in the case where the illuminant is located on the side of the substrate, the reflective layer may be disposed on the side of the substrate where the illuminant is not disposed; and in the case where the illuminant is located under the substrate, it may be all of the substrate A reflective layer is provided on the side.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a display substrate, a display panel, and a display device.
  • the display device includes an illuminant and a display substrate provided by the embodiment of the present invention, and is formed on a lower surface of the substrate of the display substrate.
  • the technology reduces the thickness of the display device and reduces the production cost.

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Abstract

一种显示用基板、显示面板及显示装置。该显示用基板，包括衬底（200），所述衬底（200）包括相对的上表面（202）和下表面（203），所述衬底（200）的下表面（203）形成有散射微结构（205），所述衬底（200）的上表面（202）形成有显示用层结构，以实现显示装置的超薄化和低成本。

Description

显示用基板、显示面板及显示装置 技术领域
本发明的实施例涉及一种显示用基板、显示面板及显示装置。
背景技术
目前，LCD(Liquid Crystal Display，液晶显示器)已经广泛应用于生活中。众所周知，液晶不具有发光特性，故LCD需要采用背光源实现显示。目前，侧入式背光源已占据中小尺寸的主流市场。
侧入式背光源一般包括导光板和发光体，其中，发光体设置在导光板的侧面。由于发光体一般为线光源，例如冷阴极荧光灯(CCFL，Cold Cathode Fluorescent Light)或者点光源，例如发光二极管(LED，Light-Emitting Diode)，因此，导光板主要用于将线光源或者点光源转换为面光源，以提高背光源的发光均匀性，进而提高显示装置的显示效果。
发明内容
根据本发明的至少一个实施例，提供了一种显示用基板，该显示用基板包括衬底，所述衬底包括相对的上表面和下表面，所述衬底的下表面形成有散射微结构，所述衬底的上表面形成有显示用层结构。
根据本发明的至少一个实施例，提供了一种显示面板，该显示面板包括对盒的上基板和下基板，所述下基板为包括所述的显示用基板，所述显示用基板衬底的上表面靠近所述上基板，且所述显示用层结构包括偏光层。
根据本发明的至少一个实施例，提供了一种显示装置，该显示装置包括发光体以及本发明实施例提供的所述显示面板，其中，所述发光体位于所述衬底的侧面或位于所述衬底的下面。
附图说明
以下将结合附图对本发明的实施例进行更详细的说明，以使本领域普通技术人员更加清楚地理解本发明，其中：
图1为一种显示装置结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例提供的一种显示用基板结构示意图；
图3为图2中散射微结构为凸起的示意图；
图4为图2中散射微结构为凹槽的示意图；
图5为图2中散射微结构为凸起和凹槽的示意图；
图6为不同顶角的圆锥形凹槽的光通量数值图；
图7为本发明实施例提供的一种显示装置结构示意图；
图8为本发明实施例提供的另一种显示装置结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在不需要做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明的是，本发明实施例中所述“上”、“下”以光线传播的方向为依据，光线先通过的层结构或薄膜即在下，后通过的层结构或薄膜即在上。
发明人注意到：如图1所示，显示装置主要包括上基板10、下基板20、位于上基板10和下基板20之间的液晶30以及位于下基板20下方的背光源40，其中，在上基板10的上方设置有上偏光片101，在下基板20的下方设置有下偏光片201，背光源40包括导光板401、以及设置在导光板401的侧面上的发光二极管402。发光二极管402发出的光从导光板401的侧面进入导光板401之后，经过多次反射转换成面光源从导光板401的上表面射出，照射在下基板20上。
在上述显示装置中，导光板相对较厚且成本高。而随着空间资源的愈加紧张、商家对生产成本的严格控制、以及用户对于便携性的苛刻要求，该显示装置已经难以满足超薄化和低成本的要求。
本发明实施例提供了一种显示用基板，如图2所示，该显示用基板包括衬底200，衬底200包括相对的上表面202和下表面203，衬底200的下表面203上形成有散射微结构205，衬底200的上表面202形成有显示用层结构，例如可以是图2所示的偏光层204、阵列层208等层结构。
需要说明的是，该显示用基板可以作为显示面板的阵列基板，也可以作为显示面板的彩膜基板。当显示用基板为阵列基板时，则对应的显示用层结构可以包括偏光层、薄膜晶体管、像素电极层等薄膜层结构；当显示用基板 为彩膜基板时，则对应的显示用层结构可以包括彩色膜层以及黑矩阵等层结构。
该显示用基板通过在衬底的下表面形成有散射微结构，使得从衬底的下表面或侧面进入的光线射到散射微结构后发生散射形成面光源，并从上表面射出，射出的光线亮度更加均匀。
例如，散射微结构为凸起和/或凹槽。如图3所示，该显示用基板的散射微结构可以是凸起206；或者如图4所示，该散射微结构也可以是凹槽207；或者如图5所示，散射微结构还可以是凸起206和凹槽207。需要说明的是，凸起或凹槽可以是纳米级，也可以是毫米级，纳米级的凸起或凹槽相比毫米级的，散射更加均匀。
若散射微结构为纳米级凹槽，则该散射微结构可以采用纳米刻蚀的方法，即利用刻蚀液刻蚀形成纳米级凹槽；若散射微结构为纳米级凸起，则可以在衬底的下表面直接印刷纳米级颗粒形成凸起。
例如，为了更好地提高散射微结构的散射能力，在散射微结构为凹槽的情况下，凹槽内可以填充有与衬底折射率不同的其他材料。在散射微结构为凸起的情况下，凸起的折射率与衬底可以相同，也可以不同。
例如，为了降低加工难度，上述凸起或凹槽可以是半球形，或是圆锥形。
例如，在凸起或凹槽是圆锥形的情况下，圆锥的顶角取值范围为90°-132°。对于90°-132°顶角范围内的圆锥形凸起或凹槽，光线经过凸起或凹槽反射后直接从衬底的上表面射出而不再发生反射；对于其他角度的圆锥形凸起或凹槽，光线经过凸起或凹槽反射后射向上表面时，会有部分光线发生全反射后再次回到衬底中，当这些光线射向衬底的侧面时有可能会直接射出，造成光能的损失。
这里以圆锥形凹槽为例说明上述结果。例如，衬底尺寸为30mm×20mm×0.4mm，且材料为PMMA(聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯)，衬底的一个侧面设置有9个LED，且每个尺寸为0.4mm×0.4mm×0.1mm，接收面得到的不同顶角的圆锥形凹槽的光通量如图6所示。从图6中可以看到，圆锥顶角在90°、100°和120°时，接收面接收到的总通光量最多，即圆锥的顶角取值范围为90°-132°时，对光的散射效果最好。
本发明实施例提供了一种显示面板，如图7-8所示，包括对盒的上基板10和下基板20，下基板20为所述的显示用基板。下基板(显示用基板)20 包括衬底200，衬底200包括相对的上表面202和下表面203，上表面202靠近上基板10，衬底200的上表面202形成有显示用层结构，显示用层结构包括偏光层204(还可以包括阵列层208)，衬底200的下表面203形成有散射微结构205。
需要说明的是，该显示面板的类型可以为，例如，TN(Twisted Nematic，扭曲向列)型显示面板，也可以是ADS(Advanced Super Dimension Switch，高级超维场转换)型显示面板，还可以是IPS(In-Plane Switching，平面转换)型显示面板等其他类型，但本发明并不限于此；同时，上基板和下基板的层结构也可以变化，例如，上基板可以包括黑矩阵、公共电极层等层结构，下基板可以包括偏光层、薄膜晶体管、像素电极层、钝化层等层结构，这里不再赘述。
该显示面板的下基板通过在衬底的下表面形成有散射微结构，使得从衬底的下表面或侧面进入的光线射到散射微结构后发生散射形成面光源，并从上表面射出，射出的光线亮度更加均匀，进而使得显示面板的显示效果更佳。
在上述显示面板中，偏光层可以是直接贴附在衬底上表面的偏光片，也可以是形成在衬底上表面的偏光膜，这里不作具体要求，只要以满足将进入到偏光层的光线转换成偏振光。
例如，偏光层可以是在衬底上沉积一层金属例如Al(铝)，然后刻蚀形成宽度为20nm～500nm的金属线，该金属线平行排布形成光栅，从而形成线栅偏光膜。线栅偏光膜相对于贴附在衬底的偏光片而言，厚度大为降低，更进一步减小了显示装置的厚度。
需要说明的是，线栅偏光膜的原理为：该线栅偏光膜中的电子只能沿刻蚀出的金属线运动，当光照射在金属线光栅上时，光波电矢量在金属线方向的振动就会被金属线中的电子吸收，垂直金属线方向的电矢量就能通过。这样只有沿导线纵向的光子被吸收，而横向的光子未被吸收，从而得到了线偏振光。
另外，为了实现显示面板的显示，如图7-8所示，上基板10的上面还形成有上偏光片101。例如，上偏光片可以贴附在上基板的上面，也可以在上基板和液晶之间形成，但本发明并不限于此。
可选的，为了控制上、下基板之间的电场大小，以实现不同灰度级的显示，如图7-8所示，显示用层结构还包括形成在偏光层204上的阵列层208。 例如，阵列层208可以包括薄膜晶体管(图中未示出)等其他层结构。为了避免偏光层对阵列层的影响，如图7-8所示，在阵列层208与偏光层204之间形成有绝缘层209。
本发明实施例提供了一种显示装置，如图7-8所示，该显示装置包括发光体210，及本发明实施例提供的所述的显示面板。发光体210位于衬底200的侧面(如图7所示)或位于衬底200的下面(如图8所示)。
例如，如图7所示，发光体210位于衬底200的侧面，则发光体210发出的光线经过衬底200的侧面进入到衬底200，由此形成侧入式的显示装置。该显示装置具有成本低、体积小等特点。需要说明的是，发光体位于衬底侧面的位置和数量可以变化，例如，发光体可以位于衬底的一个侧面，或者位于两个相对的侧面等，但本发明并不限于此。
如图8所示，发光体210位于衬底200的下面，则发光体210发出的光线经过衬底200的下表面203进入到衬底200，由此形成直下式的显示装置，该显示装置具有分辨率高、亮度均匀等特点。
需要说明的是，发光体可以是线光源，例如CCFL，或者点光源，例如LED，或者是其他光源，但本发明并不限于此。
上述显示装置主要用于液晶显示领域，如图7-8所示，在上基板10和下基板20之间可以形成有液晶30，但本发明并不限于此，任何需要背光源的显示装置都可应用该显示装置。
上述显示装置通过在下基板的衬底的下表面形成有散射微结构，从而使发光体进入到衬底内部的光发生散射形成面光源，并从衬底的上表面射出进入到偏光层，这样，显示装置无需设置导光板，相比于现有技术，减少了显示装置的厚度且降低了生产成本。
例如，如图7-8所示，在发光体210位于衬底200的侧面的情况下，衬底200的下表面203还形成覆盖凸起和/或凹槽的反射层211，这样，反射层211可以将从衬底200的下表面203射出的光线反射到衬底200，从而提高了显示装置的亮度。
需要说明的是，反射层可以是贴附在衬底下表面的反射片，还可以是沉积在衬底下表面且覆盖凸起和/或凹槽的反射膜。反射片制作工艺简单，而反射膜厚度较薄，可以根据实际情况选用反射片还是反射膜，本发明并不限于此。
进一步需要说明的是，上述反射膜的材料可以为Al(铝)，Ag(银)等材料，同时为了防止反射膜材料被氧化，在反射膜材料上还可以形成有抗氧化层。
例如，为了提高发光体的利用效率和显示装置的亮度，在衬底中未设置发光体的侧面上设置有反射层。即在发光体位于衬底的侧面的情况下，可以是在衬底中未设置发光体的侧面上设置有反射层；在发光体位于衬底的下面的情况下，可以是在衬底的所有侧面上均设置有反射层。
本发明实施例提供了一种显示用基板、显示面板及显示装置，所述显示装置包括发光体以及本发明实施例提供的显示用基板，通过在所述显示用基板的衬底的下表面形成有散射微结构，从而使发光体进入到衬底内部的光发生散射，形成面光源从衬底的上表面射出进入到偏光层，这样，所述显示装置无需设置导光板，相比于现有技术减少了显示装置的厚度且降低了生产成本。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。
本申请要求于2014年10月21日提交的名称为“一种显示用基板、显示面板及显示装置”的中国专利申请No.201410564478.7的优先权，其全文通过引用合并于本文。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种显示用基板，包括衬底，所述衬底包括相对的上表面和下表面，所述衬底的下表面形成有散射微结构，所述衬底的上表面形成有显示用层结构。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的显示用基板，其中，所述散射微结构为凸起和/或凹槽。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的显示用基板，其中，所述凹槽内填充有与所述衬底折射率不同的其他材料。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的显示用基板，其中，所述凸起或凹槽为半球形或圆锥形。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的显示用基板，其中，所述圆锥的顶角取值范围为90°-132°。
  6. 根据权利要求4或5所述的显示用基板，其中，所述圆锥的顶角为90°。
  7. 根据权利要求4或5所述的显示用基板，其中，所述圆锥的顶角为100°。
  8. 根据权利要求4或5所述的显示用基板，其中，所述圆锥的顶角为120°。
  9. 根据权利要求2-8任一项所述的显示用基板，其中，所述凸起和/或凹槽的尺寸为毫米级或纳米级。
  10. 一种显示面板，包括对盒的上基板和下基板，其中，所述下基板为权利要求1-5中任一项所述的显示用基板，所述显示用基板衬底的上表面靠近所述上基板，且所述显示用层结构包括偏光层。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的显示面板，其中，所述偏光层是线栅偏光膜。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的显示面板，其中，所述显示用层结构还包括形成在所述偏光层上的阵列层，以及在所述阵列层与所述偏光层之间形成的绝缘层。
  13. 根据权利要求10所述的显示面板，其中，所述上基板包括黑矩阵和公共电极，所述下基板包括偏光层，薄膜晶体管、像素电极层和钝化 层。
  14. 一种显示装置，包括发光体以及权利要求10-13任一项所述的显示面板，其中，所述发光体位于所述显示面板的显示用基板衬底的侧面或下面。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的显示装置，其中，所述发光体位于所述衬底的侧面，所述衬底的下表面还形成有覆盖所述凸起和/或所述凹槽的反射层。
  16. 根据权利要求14或15所述的显示装置，其中，在所述衬底中未设置所述发光体的侧面上设置有反射层。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的显示装置，其中，所述反射层的材料包括Al或Ag。
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