WO2016061846A1 - 斜置底部进气式好氧发酵反应器及其好氧发酵反应方法 - Google Patents

斜置底部进气式好氧发酵反应器及其好氧发酵反应方法 Download PDF

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WO2016061846A1
WO2016061846A1 PCT/CN2014/090219 CN2014090219W WO2016061846A1 WO 2016061846 A1 WO2016061846 A1 WO 2016061846A1 CN 2014090219 W CN2014090219 W CN 2014090219W WO 2016061846 A1 WO2016061846 A1 WO 2016061846A1
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fermenter
energy
controller
valve
aerobic fermentation
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PCT/CN2014/090219
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English (en)
French (fr)
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汪深
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湖南屎壳郎环境科技有限公司
汪深
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Publication of WO2016061846A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016061846A1/zh
Priority to US15/494,517 priority Critical patent/US10676407B2/en

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    • C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
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    • C12M41/18—Heat exchange systems, e.g. heat jackets or outer envelopes
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    • C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
    • C12M41/30—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of concentration
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    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of biological fermentation; in particular, it relates to an aerobic fermentation reaction system and method, which is used for harmless and resource treatment of organic waste.
  • Organic waste including human and animal manure, meal waste, sludge from by-products of sewage treatment plants, rotten melon and fruit rotten leaves discarded in melon and vegetable market, etc.
  • its annual output is 10 times of the output of industrial solid waste in the same period. Large and concentrated, if not handled in time, it will bring serious environmental pollution.
  • Composting organic waste can realize the resource utilization of waste, so it has been widely used. People have tried to develop a large number of aerobic fermentation reactors, trying to improve the efficiency of aerobic fermentation and reduce Manufacturing costs and operating costs of the fermentation equipment.
  • Chinese invention patent authorization announcement number CN 1100024C which discloses a horizontal aerobic fermentation reactor, which is a horizontal trough structure, The hot oil heats the reactor and the material to be fermented, and stirs the fermented material to stir the oxygen supply.
  • the surface area of the upper part of the reactor is too large, which is disadvantageous for heat preservation and thus consumes a large amount of energy;
  • the fermented material is easy to scale on the inner wall of the fermenter, which makes the conduction of hot oil difficult, and the addition of agitating blades helps to reduce the scaling of the inner wall, but Excessive stirring blades make the power consumption of the stirring too large; in addition, the fermentation product of the invention is difficult to discharge, the rotation of the stirring blade does not help the discharging, and the discharging requires manual participation.
  • Chinese invention patent application No. 95119800.9 discloses a horizontal aerobic fermentation reactor, which is a horizontal trough structure, which is heated by an electric heater to heat the reactor and the material to be fermented, and the fermented material is stirred by a spiral to realize Turn over the oxygen supply.
  • the surface area of the upper part of the reactor is too large, which is not conducive to heat preservation; the spiral rotation makes it easy to compact the material to be fermented, and the air in the material is extruded to generate toxic gas such as hydrogen sulfide by anaerobic reaction, which may endanger the aerobic reaction.
  • the starting power consumption of the spiral positive and negative rotation switching is large, and the equipment is easily damaged; in addition, the invention requires manual discharging, and the working conditions are poor and dirty.
  • China Invention Patent Grant No. CN102757270 B discloses a horizontal aerobic fermentation reactor, which is a horizontal drum structure, which better solves heating, heat preservation, intake and exhaust, feeding and discharging, etc.
  • the problem, but the disadvantage is that the fermented material is more likely to foul on the inner wall of the fermenter and affect heat transfer.
  • China Utility Model Patent Authorization No. CN201933029 U discloses a vertical aerobic fermentation reactor, in which the fermented material in the lower part of the reactor is easily compacted by the upper material, and the lower fermented material is more difficult to contact with air, thus The fermentation is uneven, anaerobic reaction is easy to occur, and toxic gases such as hydrogen sulfide are generated.
  • Chinese invention patent application No. 03821392.3 discloses a vertical aerobic fermentation reactor.
  • the invention solves the problem of compaction of the lower material by setting a processing zone in the vertical composting equipment, but the equipment is tall.
  • the processing area has high power consumption, and the equipment manufacturing operation cost is high.
  • the present invention provides a heat exchange oblique,
  • the bottom-intake aerobic fermentation reactor and its aerobic fermentation reaction method have small footprint, are not affected by environmental factors and low temperature conditions, have high fermentation efficiency, do not scale inside the reactor, are easy to discharge, and are easy to be used for fermentation reaction. Collecting, no secondary pollution, low moisture content of finished products, achieving harmless and resourceful treatment of organic waste, and good environmental protection effect.
  • the fermenter has a circular inner tank, an end cap and a jacket, and the fermenter comprises a closed fermentation space by the inner tank and the upper end cover and the lower end cover, and the fermenter
  • the upper part is provided with a feeding port and an exhaust port, and a discharge port is arranged below the lower end cover of the fermenter, the length of the fermenter is greater than or equal to the diameter, and the fermenter is fixed on a base with a height difference and is inclined.
  • An energy-saving agitator consisting of several sets of tangential plates or tangential plate spiral combinations, radial rods, stirring rods and stirring shafts is installed in the fermenter; a plurality of air chambers are arranged on the outer wall of the bottom of the ferment tank. The air chamber is placed in the jacket, and a plurality of aeration nozzles are opened on the inner side of the air chamber.
  • the energy-saving agitator has a plurality of radial rods and the same radius of the radial rod end to the stirring shaft center, and the radial rod is fixed radially on the stirring shaft and evenly on the circumference of the stirring shaft.
  • Arranging; the plurality of stirring rods are fixed on the radial rod; the spiral combination of the tangential plate or the tangential plate is fixedly connected with the end of the radial rod.
  • the energy-saving agitator has two structures: one is a radial rod fixed on the stirring shaft, the stirring rod is fixed on the radial rod, and the tangential plate is fixed on the radial rod end to become a sticky wall.
  • the fermenting material uses an energy-saving agitator; the other is a radial rod fixed on the stirring shaft, the stirring rod is fixed on the radial rod, and the tangential plate is fixed with the screw and then fixed and fixed.
  • the radial rod end becomes an energy-saving agitator with both anti-stick wall and screw conveying function.
  • the two ends of the energy-saving agitator are respectively supported on the bearings of the two end covers, the driving end of the energy-saving agitator is equipped with a motor/reducer, and the motor/reducer drives the energy-saving agitator to perform a rotary motion.
  • the feeding port of the upper part of the fermenting tank is provided with a feeding valve, and the feeding valve is divided into two types: a manual valve and an automatic valve; the outer periphery of the fermenting tank is wrapped with a heat insulating material; the fermenter is clamped
  • the lower part and the upper part of the sleeve are respectively provided with a heat-transfer medium inlet flange and a heat-conducting medium outlet flange, and the heat-conducting medium inlet flange and the heat-conducting medium outlet flange are respectively connected to the heat-exchange medium circulation pipe inlet and outlet to form a heating circulation loop.
  • the air chamber is connected to the air valve and the high-pressure gas source through the intake pipe, and the high-pressure gas entering the air chamber is first heated by the heat-transfer medium circulating in the jacket, and then enters the fermenter through the aeration nozzle. Mix thoroughly with the fermented material.
  • the exhaust port above the upper end cap of the fermenter in an inclined state is connected to the exhaust fan through a pipe, and the exhaust fan is connected to the biological deodorizing filter tower through a pipeline, and the exhaust gas passes through the biological deodorizing filter tower.
  • the two ends of the discharge port of the lower end cover are respectively installed with a temperature sensor and an oxygen content sensor, and the outputs of the temperature sensor and the oxygen content sensor are respectively connected to corresponding inputs of the controller, and the controller inputs the sensor.
  • the value is compared with the set value, and the controller output is connected to control the circulating pump, the heat source boiler, the energy-saving agitator, the exhaust fan, the air valve and the high-pressure gas source; the circulation pump, the heat source boiler, the energy-saving agitator, the exhaust fan and the air valve,
  • the high pressure gas source can also be set and timed by the controller to start and stop without the sensor.
  • the distance between the tangential plate or the tangential plate spiral combination of the energy-saving agitator and the inner wall of the fermenter is 1 to 5 cm.
  • the radial rod is a sheet-like structure, the length of the sheet-like structure of each radial rod is the same, the width of the sheet-like structure is much larger than the thickness of the sheet-like structure;
  • the stirring rod is cylindrical or square-shaped , in the form of a sheet, when the stirring rod is in the shape of a square bar or a sheet, the width thereof is larger than the thickness;
  • the tangential plate is a cylindrical shape or a square strip shape, a sheet shape, and the tangential plate is a square strip or a sheet shape When it is wider than the thickness.
  • An oblique bottom-intake aerobic fermentation reaction method comprising:
  • the fermenter has a circular inner tank, an end cap and a jacket.
  • the fermenter comprises a closed fermentation space by the inner tank and the upper end cover and the lower end cover.
  • the uppermost part of the fermenter is provided with a feed port and an exhaust port, and a discharge port is arranged below the lower end cap of the fermenter; the fermenter is fixed on a base with a height difference and is inclined, and a fermenter is installed in the fermenter.
  • An energy-saving agitator consisting of several sets of tangential plate or tangential plate spiral combination, radial rod, stirring rod and stirring shaft;
  • the outer wall of the bottom of the ferment tank is provided with several sets of air chambers, and the air chamber is placed in the clamp Inside the sleeve, the inner side of the air chamber is provided with a plurality of aeration nozzles;
  • the energy-saving agitator has a plurality of radial rods and the same radius of the radial rod end to the agitating axis, and the radial rod is radially mounted Agitating the shaft and evenly arranging on the circumference of the agitating shaft;
  • the plurality of stirring rods are mounted on the radial rod;
  • the tangential plate or the tangential plate spiral combination is fixedly connected with the end of the radial rod;
  • the feed port on the upper part of the fermenter is provided with a feed valve for fermentation
  • the outer circumference of the tank is wrapped with a heat
  • the controller controls the heating system to raise the heated material to a set temperature suitable for high temperature aerobic fermentation conditions, and the controller controls the high pressure gas source/valve valve start, energy-saving agitator Rotating, the air from the high-pressure gas source enters the air chamber through the intake pipe, and is first heated by the circulating heat transfer medium in the jacket, and then enters the fermenter through the aeration nozzle to contact the fermented material to supply oxygen;
  • Exhaust gas treatment When the controller controls the high-pressure gas source/valve valve to open, the exhaust fan connected to the exhaust port is controlled to start at the same time, and the exhaust fan is transported to the biological deodorizing filter tower through the pipeline, and the exhaust gas passes through the biological Discharge after deodorizing filter tower filtration treatment;
  • Delay control high-pressure gas source, air valve, energy-saving agitator rotate to take a delay Closed control mode, when the delay time set by the controller is reached, the controller automatically closes the high-pressure gas source/valve valve, and delays the exhaust fan, and automatically controls the energy-saving agitator to stop rotating;
  • the controller controls the output of the high-pressure gas source according to the feedback of the oxygen content sensor.
  • the controller detects that the oxygen content measured by the oxygen content sensor is lower than the lower limit set value
  • the controller controls the opening gas.
  • the valve opens a high-pressure gas source, and the compressed air enters the tank from the air chamber aeration nozzle at the bottom of the fermenter through the intake pipe and diffuses upward, and is fully contacted and mixed with the fermented material;
  • the controller detects the oxygen content detected by the oxygen content sensor
  • the quantity is higher than the upper limit set value
  • the controller controls the high pressure gas source to be turned off; the controller can also set the timing to control the opening and closing of the gas valve and the high pressure gas source, and ensure the fermentation oxygen supply when the oxygen content sensor is omitted;
  • the controller controls the action of the energy-saving agitator according to the feedback of the temperature sensor.
  • the controller detects that the temperature value measured by the temperature sensor is higher than the temperature set value, the controller controls the motor reducer to start, and drives the energy-saving agitator to rotate.
  • the stirring time of the energy-saving agitator is controlled by the controller, and the controller can also set the timing to control the starting and stopping of the motor reducer, so that the material timing is turned over;
  • Heating system temperature adjustment The controller controls the start and stop of the circulation pump and the heat source boiler according to the feedback of the temperature sensor.
  • the circulation pump starts, and the boiler is delayed after t1 seconds.
  • the controller controls the heat source boiler to stop running, and the control circulation pump stops after the delay of t2 seconds.
  • the values of t1 and t2 depend on the inertia of the system, and can be adjusted at the operation site. Determine
  • the controller controls to close the discharge port, restarts the external feeding and conveying device, and sends an appropriate amount of the raw material to be fermented into the inclined bottom aerated aerobic fermentation reactor, leaving The fermented material is used as a yeast to inoculate and ferment the newly entered raw materials;
  • the controller cuts off the high-pressure gas source power supply, the heat source boiler power supply, closes the gas valve, and closes the feed valve.
  • the beneficial effects of the present invention are: sufficiently establishing the physical conditions of aerobic fermentation, so that the fermentation reaction can be carried out at a constant temperature and under sufficient oxygen conditions at a high speed.
  • the invention is designed according to the structure and performance of the tangential plate and the distance from the inner wall of the fermenter, and the tangential plate is fixed at the radial rod end to become an energy-saving agitator for the sticky wall fermentation material; and according to the function of pushing the material according to the spiral,
  • the design has a tangential plate, a spiral combination and then is installed in the radial rod section, and becomes an energy-saving agitator with both anti-stick wall and conveying function, and has complete functions.
  • the fermentation temperature will not fluctuate, the bottom air intake mode is more uniform, with stirring, there will be no dead angle of oxygen deficiency, the start of the stirrer is related to the fermentation temperature, and the number of starts is greatly reduced, which is conducive to energy saving.
  • the odor is also collected centrally and concentrated by the biological deodorizing filter tower, and then discharged, so that ammonia and other gases are recycled rather than being discharged into the atmosphere.
  • the invention has small floor space, is not affected by environmental factors and low temperature conditions, has high fermentation efficiency, performs aerobic fermentation in a closed container, does not cause secondary pollution, and takes forced air to take away moisture without affecting fermentation effect and efficiency. Therefore, the moisture content of the finished product is low, and the organic waste is harmless and resource-treated, and the environmental protection effect is good.
  • the important technical features of the invention are that the fermenting tank is inclined to facilitate the automatic discharge of the reactants by gravity, avoiding the pressure at the discharge end being excessive when the material is discharged through the spiral stirring, and the fermentation material is compacted, and the material will be compacted after the material is compacted.
  • the anaerobic reaction generates toxic and harmful gases such as hydrogen sulfide, and the spiral forward and reverse rotation switching has large power consumption and the equipment is easily damaged.
  • the fermenter obliquely of the present invention overcomes the disadvantages of the horizontal aerobic fermentation reactor and overcomes The shortcomings of the vertical aerobic fermentation reactor have unique advantages.
  • an air chamber and an aeration nozzle are arranged at the bottom of the fermenter to connect the high-pressure gas source, so that not only the air entering the fermenter is heated, but also the temperature fluctuation of the material in the fermenter is prevented, the fermentation efficiency is affected, and the exposure is affected.
  • the gas nozzle is aerated upward from the bottom of the material in the tank, which overcomes the defect that the prior art air enters from one end of the fermenter and is difficult to enter the inside of the material.
  • the a plurality of aeration nozzles at the bottom of the invention are aerated, which is beneficial to the mixing of air and materials. Promote the fermentation reaction.
  • a radial rod is mounted on the stirring shaft, a stirring rod is arranged on the radial rod, and a tangential plate is installed on the radial rod end to form an energy-saving stirring, the stirring resistance is small, and the material is radially axially Stirring, tangential plate can avoid material sticking on the inner wall of the fermenter, and the radial rod and the stirring rod can stir and loosen the animal material in all directions, avoiding the resistance of the original material single material copying board, the power consumption is much, and the The material is compacted, so the present invention has a number of inventive technical features, and the effect is remarkable.
  • Figure 1 is a front view of an oblique aerobic fermentation reactor
  • Figure 2 is a left side view of the oblique aerobic fermentation reactor
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the inclined aerobic fermentation reactor C-C;
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the inclined aerobic fermentation reactor D-D;
  • Figure 5 is a partial view of the obliquely placed aerobic fermentation reactor E-E;
  • Figure 6 is a partial enlarged view of I in Figure 4.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a process system of an inclined aerobic fermentation reactor
  • Figure 8 is a perspective view of an energy-saving agitator for a sticky wall fermenting material
  • Fig. 9 is a perspective view of an energy-saving agitator having both an anti-stick wall and a screw conveying function.
  • the technical scheme adopted by the present invention is: an inclined bottom-intake aerobic fermentation reactor, the fermenter fixed on a height difference base 09 is inclined, and the fermenter has a circular shape.
  • the inner tank 305, the end cover and the jacket 304, the fermenter comprises an inner tank 305 and an upper end cover 02 and a lower end cover 15 to form a closed fermentation space.
  • the length of the fermenter is greater than or equal to the diameter, and the fermenter is covered with a heat insulating material 306. .
  • the upper part of the fermenting tank is provided with a feeding port 20, a feeding valve 19, and a feeding port funnel 21, from which the fermented material enters the tank; an upper exhaust port 02 is provided with an exhaust port 01, and the exhaust gas in the tank is Here, it is extracted by the exhaust fan; the lower portion of the lower end cover 15 is provided with a discharge port 14 with a hatch, from which the fermented material is discharged.
  • An energy-saving agitator 17 composed of a plurality of sets of tangential plates 204 or tangential plates 204 spiral 205, a radial rod 202, a stirring rod 203 and a stirring shaft 201 is installed in the fermenter; the stirring rod 203 and the diameter
  • the rod 202 is evenly arranged in a spiral curve array on the stirring shaft 201;
  • the tangential plate 204 or the tangential plate 204 spiral 205 is combined and fixed at the group end of the radial rod 202;
  • the two ends of the energy-saving agitator 17 are respectively fixed to the upper end cover 02 Supported by the bearing of the lower end cover 15, the energy-saving agitator 17 can be moved in a circular motion, but cannot be tilted along the axis, and the energy-saving type is stirred.
  • the drive end of the mixer 17 is equipped with a motor reducer 04, and the motor reducer 04 drives the energy-saving agitator 17 for circular motion.
  • the feed port 20 is provided with a feed valve 19, and when the feed is completed, the feed valve 19 is closed, and the odor does not overflow from the feed port 20 during the fermentation.
  • the lower part and the upper part of the fermenter jacket 304 are respectively provided with a heat-conducting medium inlet flange 07 and a heat-conducting medium outlet flange 08, respectively connected to the inlet and outlet of the circulating pipe of the heat-conducting medium, and the outlet of the heat source boiler is connected to the lower side of the fermenting tank through a pump
  • the heat transfer medium inlet flange 07, the heat transfer medium outlet flange 08 above the fermenter is connected to the inlet of the heat source boiler to form a heating circuit including, but not limited to, hot water, heat transfer oil or steam.
  • the outer wall of the bottom of the inner tank 305 of the fermenter is symmetrically welded with a plurality of air chambers 302.
  • the air chamber 302 is placed in the jacket 304.
  • the air chamber 302 has a plurality of aeration nozzles 303 on one side of the inner tank 305.
  • the chamber 302 is connected to the high pressure gas source 403 and the gas valve 405 through the intake pipe 11, and the air from the high pressure gas source 403 (including but not limited to the air compressor or fan) is first heated by the circulating heat transfer medium in the jacket 304, and then The aeration nozzle 303 enters the fermenter and is thoroughly mixed with the fermented material.
  • the exhaust port 01 above the upper end cover 02 is connected to the exhaust fan 406 through a duct, and the exhaust fan 406 pumps the fermentation waste gas to the biological deodorizing filter tower 407, and the exhaust gas is filtered by the biological deodorizing filter tower 407 and discharged.
  • the temperature sensor 410 and the oxygen content sensor 411 are respectively disposed at two ends of the discharge port 14 of the lower end cover 15 for detecting the reaction conditions in the fermenter; the outputs of the temperature sensor 410 and the oxygen content sensor 411 are respectively connected to the controller 409. At the corresponding input end, the controller 409 compares the input value of the sensor with the set value, and the controller outputs the control heat source boiler. 401. Starting and stopping of the energy-saving agitator 17 and the exhaust fan 406, the energy-saving agitator 17 and the exhaust fan 406 can also be stopped by the controller setting timing time, and when the temperature reaches the set value, the controller 409 will control The heating boiler 401 stops heating and delays the operation of the circulation pump 408.
  • the above energy-saving agitator has two structures: one is a radial rod fixed on the stirring shaft, the stirring rod is fixed on the radial rod, and the tangential plate is fixed at the radial rod end, and the energy-saving type is used for the sticky wall fermentation material.
  • the other is a radial rod fixed on the stirring shaft, the stirring rod is fixed on the radial rod, and the tangential plate is spirally assembled and fixed at the radial rod end, thereby becoming an energy-saving function of both the anti-stick wall and the screw conveying function.
  • Type agitator The distance between the tangential plate or the tangential plate spiral combination of the above energy-saving agitator and the inner wall of the fermenter is 1 to 5 cm.
  • the radial rod is a sheet-like structure, and the length of the sheet-like structure of each radial rod is the same, and the width of the sheet-like structure is much larger than the thickness of the sheet-like structure;
  • the stirring rod is cylindrical or square-shaped, sheet-shaped, and stirred.
  • the rod is in the shape of a square bar or a sheet, the width thereof is greater than the thickness;
  • the tangential plate is a cylindrical shape or a square strip shape, a sheet shape, and when the tangential plate is a square strip or a sheet shape, the width is greater than the thickness. .
  • An oblique aeration aerobic fermentation reaction method comprising:
  • the fermenter has a circular inner tank, an end cap and a jacket.
  • the inner tank and the upper and lower end caps form a closed fermentation space, and the upper part of the fermenter
  • An energy-saving agitator comprising a rod and a stirring shaft; the bottom of the inner tank of the fermenting tank is welded with a plurality of air chambers, the air chamber is placed in the jacket, and the inner side of the air chamber is opened with a plurality of aeration nozzles;
  • the energy-saving agitator has a plurality of radial rods and the same radius of the radial rod end to the stirring shaft, the radial rod is radially mounted on the stirring shaft and evenly arranged on the circumference of the stirring shaft; the stirring rod is a plurality of Installed on a radial rod; the tangential plate or tangential plate spiral combination is fixedly connected with the end of the radial rod; the lower portion and the upper portion of the jacket of the fermenter are respectively provided with a heat transfer medium inlet flange and heat conduction The medium outlet flange, the heat transfer medium inlet flange and the heat
  • the controller 409 controls the conveying device 412 to start, and the appropriate amount of the pretreated organic waste and the aerobic species are sent to the aerobic fermentation reactor by the conveying device 412, and the conveying device 412 is started, and the controller 409
  • the energy-saving agitator 17 is controlled to rotate.
  • the controller controls the conveying device 412 and the energy-saving agitator 17 to stop, and controls the feeding valve 19 to be closed, so that the odor does not overflow along the feeding port;
  • the controller 409 controls the heating system to raise the temperature of the heated material to a set temperature suitable for high temperature aerobic fermentation conditions, and the controller 409 controls the high pressure gas source 403 and the gas valve 405.
  • the starting, energy-saving agitator 17 rotates, and the air from the high-pressure gas source 403 enters the air chamber 302 through the intake pipe 11 and is first heated by the circulating heat transfer medium in the jacket 304, and then enters the fermentor through the aeration nozzle 303.
  • Exhaust gas treatment When the controller controls the high-pressure gas source 403 ⁇ the gas valve 405 to be opened, the exhaust fan 406 that controls the connection to the exhaust port is simultaneously activated, and the exhaust fan 406 centrally transports the fermentation waste gas to the biological deodorizing filter tower through the pipeline. 407, the exhaust gas is filtered by the biological deodorizing filter tower 407 and discharged;
  • the controller 409 controls the output of the high-pressure gas source 403 according to the feedback of the oxygen content sensor 411. When the controller detects the oxygen content measured by the oxygen content sensor 411, it is lower than the lower limit set value. The controller 409 controls the opening of the air valve 405 to open the high-pressure gas source 403.
  • the compressed air enters the tank from the air chamber aeration nozzle 303 at the bottom of the fermenter through the intake duct 11 and diffuses upward, and is fully contacted and mixed with the fermented material;
  • the controller detects that the oxygen content detected by the oxygen content sensor 411 is higher than the upper limit set value, the controller 409 controls the high pressure gas source 403 to be turned off, and the controller 409 can also set the timing to control the gas valve 405 and the high pressure gas source 403. The opening and closing of the oxygen supply is ensured while the oxygen content sensor 411 is omitted.
  • the controller 409 controls the action of the energy-saving agitator 17 according to the feedback of the temperature sensor 410.
  • the controller 409 detects the temperature value measured by the temperature sensor 410, which is higher than the temperature set value, the controller 409 controls the motor reducer 04.
  • the controller 409 can also set the timing to control the starting and stopping of the motor reducer 04 to make the material timing flip.
  • Heating system temperature adjustment The controller 409 controls the start and stop of the circulation pump 408 and the heat source boiler 401 according to the feedback of the temperature sensor 410.
  • the circulation pump 408 is started. After the delay time t1 seconds, the boiler starts.
  • the controller 409 controls the heat source boiler 401 to stop running. After the delay t2 seconds, the control circulation pump 408 stops running, and the values of t1 and t2 depend on the value.
  • the inertia of the system can be adjusted at the operating site;
  • the controller 409 controls to close the discharge port 14, restarts the external feed conveying device 412, and feeds an appropriate amount of the raw material to be fermented into the inclined bottom intake aerobic fermentation reactor.
  • the leftover fermented material is used as yeast to inoculate and ferment the newly entered raw materials;
  • the controller 409 turns off the power of the high-pressure gas source 403, the power source of the heat source boiler, closes the gas valve 405, and closes the feed valve 19.

Abstract

一种斜置底部进气式好氧发酵反应器及其好氧发酵反应方法，发酵罐具有圆形的内罐（305）、端盖和夹套（304），内罐（305）和两端盖构成一个密闭发酵的空间，发酵罐的上部设有进料口（20）和排气口（01），发酵罐下端盖（15）的下方设有出料口（14）；发酵罐的长度大于或等于直径，发酵罐固定在一个具有高度差的基座（09）上呈斜置状态，发酵罐内安装了一个由若干组切向板（204）或切向板（204）螺旋组合、径向杆（202）、搅拌杆（203）和搅拌轴（201）连接组成的节能型搅拌器（17）；发酵罐的内罐（305）底部的外侧设有若干组空气室（302），空气室（302）置于夹套（304）内，空气室（302）内侧靠内罐开有若干曝气嘴（303）；斜置底部进气式好氧发酵反应器占地面积小，功耗低，发酵效率高，反应器内壁不结垢，容易出料，无二次污染，产成品含水率低，有机废物的无害化、资源化处理的环保效果好。

Description

斜置底部进气式好氧发酵反应器及其好氧发酵反应方法 技术领域
本发明属于生物发酵技术领域；具体涉及一种好氧发酵反应系统及方法，用于有机废弃物无害化、资源化治理。
背景技术
有机废弃物，包含人畜粪便、餐余垃圾、污水处理厂的副产品污泥、瓜果蔬菜市场废弃的烂瓜果烂菜叶等等，其年产量是同期工业固体废弃物产量的10倍，量大且集中，如不及时处理将带来严重的环境污染。
对有机废弃物进行堆肥化处理(好氧发酵)可以实现废物的资源化利用，因此获得了广泛的应用，人们尝试着开发了众多的好氧发酵反应器，试图提高好氧发酵的效率，降低发酵设备的制造成本和运行成本。
现有的好氧发酵设备，主要分卧式和立式两种：中国发明专利授权公告号CN 1100024C，公开了一种卧式好氧发酵反应器，该反应器为卧式槽式结构，通过热油加热反应器及被发酵物料，通过搅拌叶片来搅拌被发酵物料实现翻堆供氧。但该反应器上部表面积过大，不利于保温因而能耗较大；发酵物料较易在发酵罐的内壁结垢，使热油传导困难，多设搅拌叶片有助于减少内壁的结垢，但过多的搅拌叶片使搅拌的功耗过大；另外该发明的发酵产成品出料困难，搅拌叶片的旋转无助于出料，出料需要人工参与。
中国发明专利申请号95119800.9，公开了一种卧式好氧发酵反应器，该反应器为卧式槽式结构，通过电加热器加热反应器及被发酵物料，通过螺旋来搅拌被发酵物料以实现翻堆供氧。但该反应器上部表面积过大，不利于保温；螺旋旋转，易将被发酵物料压实，将物料中的空气挤出会发生厌氧反应生成硫化氢等有毒气体，危害好氧反应的进行，而螺旋正、反方向旋转切换的启动功耗较大，设备容易损坏；另外，本发明需要人工出料，工作条件差而肮脏。
中国发明专利授权公告号CN102757270 B，公开了一种卧式好氧发酵反应器，该反应器为卧式滚筒式结构，该反应器较好的解决了加热、保温、进排气、进出料等问题，但缺点是发酵物料较易在发酵罐的内壁结垢而影响换热。
中国实用新型专利授权公告号CN201933029 U，披露了一种立式好氧发酵反应器，该反应器下部的被发酵物料容易被上部的物料压实，下部的被发酵物料较难与空气接触，因而发酵不均匀，易发生厌氧反应，产生硫化氢等有毒气体。
中国发明专利申请号03821392.3，公开了一种立式好氧发酵反应器，该发明通过在立式堆肥设备中设置加工区的方式，较好的解决了下部物料压实的问题，但设备高大，加工区翻料功耗大，设备制造运行成本高昂。
发明内容
为了克服上述现有技术的不足，本发明提供一种带热量交换斜置、 底部进气式好氧发酵反应器及其好氧发酵反应方法，占地面积小，不受环境因素及低温条件影响，发酵效率高，反应器内部不结垢，容易出料，发酵反应废气易收集，不产生二次污染，产成品含水率低，实现有机废物的无害化、资源化处理，环保效果好。
本发明采用的技术方案是：
一种斜置底部进气式好氧发酵反应器，发酵罐具有圆形的内罐、端盖和夹套，发酵罐由内罐和上端盖、下端盖构成一个密闭发酵的空间，发酵罐的最上部设有进料口和排气口，发酵罐下端盖的下方设有出料口，发酵罐的长度大于或等于直径,发酵罐固定在一个具有高度差的基座上呈斜置状态，发酵罐内安装了一个由若干组切向板或切向板螺旋组合、径向杆、搅拌杆和搅拌轴连接组成的节能型搅拌器；发酵罐内罐底部的外壁上设有若干组空气室，空气室置于夹套内，空气室内侧靠内罐开有若干曝气嘴。
上述技术方案中，所述的节能型搅拌器其径向杆为多根且径向杆端至搅拌轴心的半径相同，径向杆径向固定在搅拌轴上并在搅拌轴的圆周上均匀布置；所述搅拌杆为多根，固定在径向杆上；所述切向板或切向板螺旋组合与径向杆的端头固定连接。
上述技术方案中，所述节能型搅拌器有两种结构：一种为径向杆固定在搅拌轴上，搅拌杆固定在径向杆上，切向板固定在径向杆端，成为粘壁性发酵物料用节能型搅拌器；另一种为径向杆固定在搅拌轴上，搅拌杆固定在径向杆上，切向板与螺旋组合固定后再安装固定在 径向杆端，成为既防粘壁又带螺旋输送功能的节能型搅拌器。
上述技术方案中，所述节能型搅拌器两端分别被支撑在两端盖的轴承上，节能型搅拌器的驱动端安装有电机\减速机，电机\减速机带动节能型搅拌器做旋转运动。
上述技术方案中，所述的发酵罐上部的进料口设置有进料阀门，进料阀门分为手动阀门和自动阀门两种类型；发酵罐外周包裹有绝热保温材料；所述发酵罐的夹套的下部和上部分别设有导热介质入口法兰和导热介质出口法兰，导热介质入口法兰和导热介质出口法兰分别连接导热介质循环管道进出口，构成加热循环回路。
上述技术方案中，所述的空气室通过进气管与气阀、高压气源相连接，进入空气室的高压气体首先被夹套中循环的导热介质所加热，然后通过曝气嘴进入发酵罐，与被发酵物充分接触混合。
上述技术方案中，所述呈斜置状态的发酵罐上端盖的上方的排气口，通过管道跟排风机连接，排风机再通过管道连接至生物除臭滤塔，废气经生物除臭滤塔过滤处理后排放；所述下端盖的出料口的两端分别安装有温度传感器和氧含量传感器，温度传感器和氧含量传感器的输出分别连接到控制器的相应输入端，控制器将传感器的输入值跟设定值进行比较，控制器输出连接控制循环泵、热源锅炉、节能型搅拌器、排风机、气阀和高压气源；循环泵、热源锅炉、节能型搅拌器、排风机和气阀、高压气源也可以由控制器设置定时时间来启动和停止而不用传感器。
上述技术方案中，所述节能型搅拌器的切向板或切向板螺旋组合与发酵罐内壁的间距为1～5cm。
上述技术方案中，所述的径向杆为片状结构，各径向杆的片状结构长度相同，片状结构宽度远远大于片状结构厚度；所述搅拌杆为圆柱形或方条形、片状形，搅拌杆为方条形或片状形时，其宽度大于厚度；所述切向板为圆柱形或方条形、片状形，切向板为方条形或片状形时，其宽度大于厚度。
一种斜置底部进气式好氧发酵反应方法，包括：
(1)设计制造斜置底部进气式好氧发酵反应器，发酵罐具有圆形的内罐、端盖和夹套，发酵罐由内罐和上端盖、下端盖构成一个密闭的发酵空间，发酵罐的最上部设有进料口和排气口,发酵罐下端盖的下方设置有出料口；发酵罐固定在一个具有高度差的基座上呈斜置状态，发酵罐内安装了一个由若干组切向板或切向板螺旋组合、径向杆、搅拌杆和搅拌轴连接组成的节能型搅拌器；发酵罐内罐底部的外壁上设有若干组空气室，空气室置于夹套内，空气室内侧靠内罐开有若干曝气嘴；所述的节能型搅拌器其径向杆为多根且径向杆端至搅拌轴心的半径相同，径向杆径向安装在搅拌轴上并且在搅拌轴的圆周上均匀布置；所述搅拌杆为多根，安装在径向杆上；所述切向板或切向板螺旋组合与径向杆的端头连接固定；所述发酵罐上部的进料口设置有进料阀门，发酵罐外周包裹有绝热保温材料；所述发酵罐的夹套的下部和上部分别设有导热介质入口法兰和导热介质出口法兰，导热介质入口法兰和导热介质出口法兰分别连接导热介质循环管道进出口， 构成加热循环回路；所述的空气室通过进气管与气阀、高压气源相连接，进入空气室的高压气体首先被夹套中循环的导热介质所加热，然后通过曝气嘴进入发酵罐，与被发酵物充分接触混合；
(2)启动设备：操作员打开总电源，向设备送电，按动设备启动按钮，控制器分别顺序控制循环泵、热源锅炉启动；加热系统中经热源锅炉加热的导热介质在循环泵的作用下，经导热介质入口法兰进入好氧发酵反应器的夹套中，使好氧发酵反应器内罐被加热；
(3)加料：按动加料按钮,控制器控制输送设备启动，适量经预处理过的有机废弃物和好氧菌种被输送设备送入好氧发酵反应器，输送设备启动的同时，控制器控制节能型搅拌器旋转，当加料完成后，控制器控制输送设备、节能型搅拌器停止，控制进料阀门关闭，使臭气不会沿着进料口外溢；
(4)曝气发酵：进料阀门关闭后，控制器控制加热系统使被加热物料升温至适宜高温好氧发酵条件的设定温度，控制器控制高压气源\气阀启动、节能型搅拌器旋转，来自于高压气源的空气通过进气管进入空气室，并首先被夹套中的循环导热介质所加热，然后通过曝气嘴进入发酵罐，与被发酵物接触供氧；
(5)废气处理：当控制器控制高压气源\气阀开启时，同时控制连接排气口的排风机启动，排风机通过管道，将发酵废气集中输送至生物除臭滤塔，废气经生物除臭滤塔过滤处理后排放；
(6)延时控制：高压气源\气阀、节能型搅拌器转动采取延时关 闭的控制方式，当控制器设定的延时时间到，控制器自动关闭高压气源\气阀，并延时关闭排风机，自动控制节能型搅拌器停止转动；
(7)发酵条件自动调节：控制器根据氧含量传感器的反馈，控制高压气源的输出，当控制器检测到氧含量传感器测得的氧含量低于下限设定值时，控制器控制开启气阀，打开高压气源，压缩空气通过进气管道从发酵罐底部的空气室曝气嘴进入罐内并向上弥漫，与被发酵物充分接触混合；当控制器检测到氧含量传感器检测的含氧量高于上限设定值，控制器控制高压气源关闭；控制器也可以设定定时来控制气阀、高压气源的打开与关闭，在省去氧含量传感器时仍保证发酵供氧；
控制器根据温度传感器的反馈，控制节能型搅拌器的动作，当控制器检测到温度传感器测得的温度值高于温度设定值时，控制器控制电机减速机启动，驱动节能型搅拌器旋转，节能型搅拌器的搅拌时间由控制器控制，控制器也可以设定定时来控制电机减速机的启动和停止，使物料定时获得翻动；
(8)加热系统温度调节：控制器根据温度传感器的反馈，控制循环泵和热源锅炉的启动和停止，当温度传感器检测的温度低于设定值时，循环泵启动，延时t1秒后锅炉启动；当温度传感器检测的温度高于设定值时，控制器控制热源锅炉停止运行，延时t2秒后控制循环泵停止运行，t1、t2的值取决于系统的惯性，可以在运行现场调整确定；
(9)出料：当发酵的时间到达设定后，控制器控制打开出料闸门，并控制节能型搅拌器反转将已经发酵好的物料挤出，由外部输送设备送至下一工序处理；
(10)当卸料结束后，控制器控制将出料口关闭，再次启动外部加料输送设备，将适量的待发酵原料送入斜置底部进气式好氧发酵反应器内，而留下的发酵陈料作为酵母，对新进入的原料进行接种、发酵；
(11)重复以上步骤，使有机废弃物的生物发酵降解反应高速地循环下去；
(12)当全部工作完成后，控制器切断高压气源电源、热源锅炉电源，关闭气阀，关闭进料阀门。
有益效果：
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：充分地建立了好氧发酵的物理条件，使发酵反应可以在恒定的温度，充足的氧气条件下高速进行。
本发明根据切向板的结构、性能及与发酵罐内壁距离，设计有切向板固定在径向杆端，成为粘壁性发酵物料用节能型搅拌器；又根据螺旋有推送物料的功能，设计有切向板、螺旋组合固定后再安装在径向杆段，成为既防粘壁又带输送功能的节能型搅拌器，功能齐全。
新鲜空气经进气管进入空气室后被夹套中循环热介质加热后进 入发酵罐，不会使发酵温度产生波动，底部进气方式更均匀，配合搅拌，不会产生缺氧的死角，搅拌器的启动跟发酵温度相关，启动次数大大的下降，有利于节能。
而臭气也经过集中采集、由生物除臭滤塔集中处理后再排放，使氨氮等气体得到了回收利用而不是排往大气污染环境。
本发明装备占地面积小，不受环境因素和低温条件影响，发酵效率高，在密闭的容器内进行好氧发酵，不产生二次污染，强制通风带走水分而不影响发酵效果及效率，因此产成品含水率低，实现了有机废物的无害化、资源化处理，环保效果好。
本发明的重要技术特征发酵罐斜置有利于反应物依靠重力自动出料，避免通过螺旋搅拌出料段出料时，出料端压力过大，将发酵物料压实，物料压实后会发生厌氧反应，生成硫化氢等有毒有害气体，而螺旋正反向旋转切换启动功耗大，设备容易损坏，本发明的发酵罐斜置既克服了卧式好氧发酵反应器的缺点，又克服了立式好氧发酵反应器的缺点，具有独特的优点。
本发明的又一重要技术特征发酵罐底部设有空气室和曝气嘴，连接高压气源，这样不仅加热了进入发酵罐的空气，避免发酵罐内物料温度降低波动，影响发酵效率，而且曝气嘴由罐内物料底部向上曝气，克服了现有技术空气从发酵罐一端进入，难以进入物料内部的缺陷，本发明的底部多个曝气嘴曝气，有利于空气与物料的混合，促进发酵反应。
本发明还有一个重要技术特征是搅拌轴上安装径向杆，径向杆上安装搅拌杆，径向杆端安装切向板，组成节能型搅拌，搅拌阻力小，径向轴向都将物料搅拌，切向板能避免物料粘结在发酵罐内壁结垢，而径向杆和搅拌杆能全方位搅拌、松动物料，避免原有技术单一物料抄板阻力大，功耗多，而且易将物料压实，因此本发明有多处创造性的技术特征，效果显著。
附图说明
图1为斜置式的好氧发酵反应器主视图；
图2为斜置式的好氧发酵反应器左视图；
图3为斜置式的好氧发酵反应器C-C剖面视图；
图4为斜置式的好氧发酵反应器D-D剖面视图；
图5为斜置式的好氧发酵反应器E-E局部视图；
图6为图4中I局部放大图；
图7为斜置式的好氧发酵反应器工艺系统图；
图8为粘壁性发酵物料用节能型搅拌器立体图；
图9为既防粘壁又带螺旋输送功能的节能型搅拌器立体图。
图中标记说明：
01-排气口，02-上端盖，03-轴承一，04-电机减速机，05-扭力臂，06-扭力臂固定座，07-入口法兰，08-出口法兰，09-发酵反应罐底座，10-销轴一，11-进气管，12-销轴二，13-罐体支撑绞座，14-出料口，15-下端盖，16-轴承二，17-节能型搅拌器，18-发酵罐筒体，19-进料阀门，20-进料口，21-进料口漏斗，201-搅拌轴，202-径向 杆，203-搅拌杆，204-切向板，205-螺旋，301-热水通道，302-空气室，303-曝气嘴，304-夹套，305-内罐，306-保温材料，401-热源锅炉，402-管道，403-高压气源，404-储气罐，405-气阀，406-排风机，407-生物除臭塔，408-循环泵，409-控制器，410-温度传感器，411-氧含量传感器，412-输送设备。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明：
如图所示，本发明所采用的技术方案是：一种斜置底部进气式好氧发酵反应器，固定在一个具有高度差底座09上的发酵罐呈斜置状态，发酵罐具有圆形的内罐305、端盖和夹套304，发酵罐由内罐305和上端盖02、下端盖15构成一个密闭发酵的空间，发酵罐的长度大于或等于直径，发酵罐外包有绝热保温材料306。
上述发酵罐的上部设有一个进料口20和进料阀门19、进料口漏斗21，被发酵物料从这里进入罐内；上端盖02的上方设有一个排气口01，罐内废气从这里由排风机抽出；下端盖15的下部设有带舱门的出料口14，发酵好的物料从这里排出。
上述发酵罐内安装了一个由若干组切向板204或切向板204螺旋205组合、径向杆202、搅拌杆203和一个搅拌轴201连接组成的节能型搅拌器17；搅拌杆203和径向杆202在搅拌轴201上呈螺旋曲线阵列均匀布置；切向板204或切向板204螺旋205组合固定在径向杆202组端；节能型搅拌器17两端分别被固定在上端盖02和下端盖15的轴承所支撑，使节能型搅拌器17可以圆周运动，但不能沿轴线窜动，节能型搅 拌器17的驱动端安装有电机减速机04，电机减速机04带动节能型搅拌器17作圆周运动。
上述进料口20设置有进料阀门19，当进料完成后进料阀门19关闭，发酵过程中臭气不会从进料口20溢出。
上述发酵罐夹套304的下部和上部分别设有导热介质入口法兰07和导热介质出口法兰08，分别连接导热介质的循环管道的进出口，热源锅炉的出口通过泵连接到发酵罐下方的导热介质入口法兰07，发酵罐上方的导热介质出口法兰08与热源锅炉的入口相连接，构成加热循环回路，所述导热介质包括但不限于热水、导热油或蒸汽。
上述发酵罐内罐305的底部的外壁上对称焊接有若干组空气室302，空气室302置于夹套304内，空气室302靠内罐305的一侧开有多个曝气嘴303，空气室302通过进气管11与高压气源403和气阀405相连接，来自于高压气源403(包含且不限于空气压缩机或风机)的空气首先被夹套304中的循环导热介质所加热，然后通过曝气嘴303进入发酵罐，与被发酵物充分混匀接触。
上述上端盖02的上方的排气口01，通过管道跟排风机406连接，排风机406将发酵废气抽吸送至生物除臭滤塔407，废气经生物除臭滤塔407过滤处理后排放。
上述下端盖15的出料口14的两端分别安装有温度传感器410和氧含量传感器411，用于检测发酵罐内反应条件；温度传感器410和氧含量传感器411的输出分别连接到控制器409的相应输入端，控制器409根据传感器的输入值与设定值进行比较，控制器输出控制热源锅炉 401、节能型搅拌器17和排风机406的启动和停止，节能型搅拌器17和排风机406还可以由控制器设置定时时间来停止，而当温度达到设定值时，控制器409将控制加热锅炉401停止加热，并延时停止循环泵408的运行。
上述节能型搅拌器有两种结构：一种为径向杆固定在搅拌轴上，搅拌杆固定在径向杆上，切向板固定在径向杆端，成为粘壁性发酵物料用节能型搅拌器；另一种为径向杆固定在搅拌轴上，搅拌杆固定在径向杆上，切向板螺旋组合安装固定在径向杆端，成为既防粘壁又带螺旋输送功能的节能型搅拌器。上述节能型搅拌器的切向板或切向板螺旋组合与发酵罐内壁的间距为1～5cm。
上述的径向杆为片状结构，各径向杆的片状结构长度相同，片状结构宽度远远大于片状结构厚度；所述搅拌杆为圆柱形或方条形、片状形，搅拌杆为方条形或片状形时，其宽度大于厚度；所述切向板为圆柱形或方条形、片状形，切向板为方条形或片状形时，其宽度大于厚度。
一种斜置曝气式好氧发酵反应方法，包括：
(1)设计制造斜置底部进气式好氧发酵反应器，发酵罐具有圆形的内罐、端盖和夹套，内罐和上、下端盖构成一个密闭发酵的空间，发酵罐的上部设有进料口和排气口，发酵罐的下端盖下方设有出料口；发酵罐固定在一个具有高度差的基座上呈斜置状态，发酵罐内沿发酵罐轴线安装了一个由若干组切向板或切向板螺旋组合、径向杆、搅拌 杆和搅拌轴连接组成的节能型搅拌器；发酵罐的内罐底部焊接有若干组空气室，空气室置于夹套内，空气室的内侧靠内罐开有若干曝气嘴；所述的节能型搅拌器其径向杆为多根且径向杆端至搅拌轴心的半径相同，径向杆径向安装在搅拌轴上并且在搅拌轴圆周上均匀布置；所述搅拌杆为多根，安装在径向杆上；所述切向板或切向板螺旋组合与径向杆的端头连接固定；所述发酵罐的夹套的下部和上部分别设有导热介质入口法兰和导热介质出口法兰，导热介质入口法兰和导热介质出口法兰分别连接导热介质循环管道进出口，构成加热循环回路；所述的空气室通过进气管与气阀与高压气源相连接，进入空气室的高压气体首先被夹套中循环的导热介质所加热，然后通过曝气嘴进入发酵罐，与被发酵物充分接触混合；
(2)启动设备：操作员打开总电源，向设备送电，按动设备启动按钮，控制器409分别顺序控制高压气源403、循环泵408、热源锅炉401启动；高压空气的压力根据工艺要求预置设定；加热系统中经热源锅炉401加热的导热介质在循环泵408的作用下，经入口法兰07进入好氧发酵反应器的夹套304中，使好氧发酵反应器内罐305被加热；
(3)加料：控制器409控制输送设备412启动，适量经预处理过的有机废弃物和好氧菌种被输送设备412送入好氧发酵反应器，输送设备412启动的同时，控制器409控制节能型搅拌器17旋转，当加料完成后，控制器控制输送设备412、节能型搅拌器17停止，控制进料阀门19关闭，使臭气不会沿着进料口外溢；
(4)曝气发酵：进料阀门19关闭后，控制器409控制加热系统使被加热物料升温至适宜高温好氧发酵条件的设定温度后，控制器409控制高压气源403\气阀405启动、节能型搅拌器17旋转，来自于高压气源403的空气通过进气管11进入空气室302，并首先被夹套304中的循环导热介质所加热，然后通过曝气嘴303进入发酵罐，与被发酵物接触供氧；
(5)废气处理：当控制器控制高压气源403\气阀405开启时，同时控制连接排气口的排风机406启动，排风机406通过管道，将发酵废气集中输送至生物除臭滤塔407，废气经生物除臭滤塔407过滤处理后排放；
(6)延时控制：高压气源403\气阀405、节能型搅拌器17采取延时关闭的控制方式，当控制器409设定的延时时间到，控制器409自动关闭高压气源403\气阀405，并延时关闭排风机406，自动控制节能型搅拌器17停止转动；
(7)发酵条件自动调节：控制器409根据氧含量传感器411的反馈，控制高压气源403的输出，当控制器检测到氧含量传感器411测得的含氧量，低于下限设定值，控制器409控制开启气阀405，打开高压气源403，压缩空气通过进气管道11从发酵罐底部的空气室曝气嘴303进入罐内并向上弥漫，与被发酵物充分接触混合；当控制器检测到氧含量传感器411检测的含氧量高于上限设定值，控制器409控制高压气源403关闭；控制器409也可以设定定时来控制气阀405、高压气源403 的打开与关闭，在省去氧含量传感器411时仍保证发酵供氧。
控制器409根据温度传感器410的反馈，控制节能型搅拌器17的动作，当控制器409检测到温度传感器410测得的温度值，高于温度设定值时，控制器409控制电机减速机04启动，驱动节能型搅拌器17旋转，节能型搅拌器17的搅拌时间由控制器409控制，控制器409也可以设定定时来控制电机减速机04的启动和停止，使物料定时获得翻动。
(8)加热系统温度调节：控制器409根据温度传感器410的反馈，控制循环泵408和热源锅炉401的启动和停止，当温度传感器410检测的温度低于设定值时，循环泵408启动，延时t1秒后锅炉启动，当温度传感器410检测的温度高于设定值时，控制器409控制热源锅炉401停止运行，延时t2秒后控制循环泵408停止运行，t1、t2的值取决于系统的惯性，可以在运行现场调整确定；
(9)出料：当发酵的时间到达设定后，控制器409控制打开出料闸门，并控制节能型搅拌器17反转将已经发酵好的物料挤出，由外部输送设备412送至下一工序处理；
(10)当卸料结束后，控制器409控制将出料口14关闭，再次启动外部加料输送设备412，将适量的待发酵原料送入斜置底部进气式好氧发酵反应器内，而留下的发酵陈料作为酵母，对新进入的原料进行接种、发酵；
(11)重复以上步骤，使有机废弃物的生物发酵降解反应高速地循环下去。
(12)当全部工作完成后，控制器409切断高压气源403的电源、热源锅炉电源，关闭气阀405，关闭进料阀门19。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种斜置底部进气式好氧发酵反应器，其特征在于，发酵罐具有圆形的内罐、端盖和夹套，发酵罐由内罐和上端盖、下端盖构成一个密闭发酵的空间，发酵罐的最上部设有进料口和排气口，发酵罐下端盖的下方设有出料口，发酵罐的长度大于或等于直径,发酵罐固定在一个具有高度差的基座上呈斜置状态，发酵罐内安装了一个由若干组切向板或切向板螺旋组合、径向杆、搅拌杆和搅拌轴连接组成的节能型搅拌器；发酵罐内罐底部的外壁上设有若干组空气室，空气室置于夹套内，空气室内侧靠内罐开有若干曝气嘴。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的斜置底部进气式好氧发酵反应器，其特征在于，所述的节能型搅拌器其径向杆为多根且径向杆端至搅拌轴心的半径相同，径向杆径向固定在搅拌轴上并在搅拌轴的圆周上均匀布置；所述搅拌杆为多根，固定在径向杆上；所述切向板或切向板螺旋组合与径向杆的端头固定连接。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的斜置底部进气式好氧发酵反应器，其特征在于，所述节能型搅拌器有两种结构：一种为径向杆固定在搅拌轴上，搅拌杆固定在径向杆上，切向板固定在径向杆端，成为粘壁性发酵物料用节能型搅拌器；另一种为径向杆固定在搅拌轴上，搅拌杆固定在径向杆上，切向板与螺旋组合固定后再安装固定在径向杆端，成为既防粘壁又带螺旋输送功能的节能型搅拌器。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的斜置底部进气式好氧发酵反应器，其 特征在于，所述节能型搅拌器两端分别被支撑在两端盖的轴承上，节能型搅拌器的驱动端安装有电机\减速机，电机\减速机带动节能型搅拌器做旋转运动。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的斜置底部进气式好氧发酵反应器，其特征在于，所述的发酵罐上部的进料口设置有进料阀门，进料阀门分为手动阀门和自动阀门两种类型；发酵罐外周包裹有绝热保温材料；所述发酵罐的夹套的下部和上部分别设有导热介质入口法兰和导热介质出口法兰，导热介质入口法兰和导热介质出口法兰分别连接导热介质循环管道进出口，构成加热循环回路。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的斜置底部进气式好氧发酵反应器，其特征在于，所述的空气室通过进气管与气阀、高压气源相连接，进入空气室的高压气体首先被夹套中循环的导热介质所加热，然后通过曝气嘴进入发酵罐，与被发酵物充分接触混合；所述呈斜置状态的发酵罐上端盖的上方的排气口，通过管道跟排风机连接，排风机再通过管道连接至生物除臭滤塔，废气经生物除臭滤塔过滤处理后排放。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的斜置底部进气式好氧发酵反应器，其特征在于，所述下端盖的出料口的两端分别安装有温度传感器和氧含量传感器，温度传感器和氧含量传感器的输出分别连接到控制器的相应输入端，控制器将传感器的输入值跟设定值进行比较，控制器输出连接控制循环泵、热源锅炉、节能型搅拌器、排风机和气阀、高压气源；循环泵、热源锅炉、节能型搅拌器、排风机和气阀、高压气源也可以 由控制器设置定时时间来启动和停止而不用传感器。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的斜置底部进气式好氧发酵反应器，其特征在于，所述节能型搅拌器的切向板或切向板螺旋组合与发酵罐内壁的间距为1～5cm。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的斜置底部进气式好氧发酵反应器，其特征在于，所述的径向杆为片状结构，各径向杆片状结构的长度相同，片状结构宽度远远大于片状结构厚度；所述搅拌杆为圆柱形或方条形、片状形，搅拌杆为方条形或片状形时，其宽度大于厚度；所述切向板为圆柱形或方条形、片状形，切向板为方条形或片状形时，其宽度大于厚度。
  10. 一种斜置底部进气式好氧发酵反应方法，其特征在于，包括：
    (1)设计制造斜置底部进气式好氧发酵反应器，发酵罐具有圆形的内罐、端盖和夹套，发酵罐由内罐和上端盖、下端盖构成一个密闭的发酵空间，发酵罐的最上部设有进料口和排气口,发酵罐下端盖的下方设置有出料口,发酵罐的长度大于或等于直径,发酵罐固定在一个具有高度差的基座上呈斜置状态，发酵罐内安装了一个由若干组切向板或切向板螺旋组合、径向杆、搅拌杆和搅拌轴连接组成的节能型搅拌器；发酵罐内罐底部的外壁上设有若干组空气室，空气室置于夹套内，空气室内侧靠内罐开有若干曝气嘴；所述的节能型搅拌器其径向杆为多根且径向杆端至搅拌轴心的半径相同，径向杆径向安装在搅拌轴上并且在搅拌轴的圆周上均匀布置；所述搅拌杆为多根，安装在径向杆上；所述切向板或切向板螺旋组合与径向杆的端头连接固定； 所述发酵罐上部的进料口设置有进料阀门，发酵罐外周包裹有绝热保温材料；所述发酵罐的夹套的下部和上部分别设有导热介质入口法兰和导热介质出口法兰，导热介质入口法兰和导热介质出口法兰分别连接导热介质循环管道进出口，构成加热循环回路；所述的空气室通过进气管与气阀、高压气源相连接，进入空气室的高压气体首先被夹套中循环的导热介质所加热，然后通过曝气嘴进入发酵罐，与被发酵物充分接触混合；
    (2)启动设备：操作员打开总电源，向设备送电，按动设备启动按钮，控制器分别顺序控制循环泵、热源锅炉启动；加热系统中经热源锅炉加热的导热介质在循环泵的作用下，经导热介质入口法兰进入好氧发酵反应器的夹套中，使好氧发酵反应器内罐被加热；
    (3)加料：按动加料按钮,控制器控制输送设备启动，适量经预处理过的有机废弃物和好氧菌种被输送设备送入好氧发酵反应器，输送设备启动的同时，控制器控制节能型搅拌器旋转，当加料完成后，控制器控制输送设备、节能型搅拌器停止，控制进料阀门关闭，使臭气不会沿着进料口外溢；
    (4)曝气发酵：进料阀门关闭后，控制器控制加热系统使被加热物料升温至适宜高温好氧发酵条件的设定温度，控制器控制高压气源\气阀启动、节能型搅拌器旋转，来自于高压气源的空气通过进气管进入空气室，并首先被夹套中的循环导热介质所加热，然后通过曝气嘴进入发酵罐，与被发酵物接触供氧；
    (5)废气处理：当控制器控制高压气源\气阀开启时，同时控制连接排气口的排风机启动，排风机通过管道，将发酵废气集中输送至生物除臭滤塔，废气经生物除臭滤塔过滤处理后排放；
    (6)延时控制：高压气源\气阀、节能型搅拌器转动采取延时关闭的控制方式，当控制器设定的延时时间到，控制器自动关闭高压气源\气阀，并延时关闭排风机，自动控制节能型搅拌器停止转动；
    (7)发酵条件自动调节：控制器根据氧含量传感器的反馈，控制高压气源的输出，当控制器检测到氧含量传感器测得的氧含量低于下限设定值时，控制器控制开启气阀，打开高压气源，压缩空气通过进气管道从发酵罐底部的空气室曝气嘴进入罐内并向上弥漫，与被发酵物充分接触混合；当控制器检测到氧含量传感器检测的含氧量高于上限设定值，控制器控制高压气源关闭；控制器也可以设定定时来控制气阀、高压气源的打开与关闭，在省去氧含量传感器时仍保证发酵供氧；
    控制器根据温度传感器的反馈，控制节能型搅拌器的动作，当控制器检测到温度传感器测得的温度值高于温度设定值时，控制器控制电机减速机启动，驱动节能型搅拌器旋转，节能型搅拌器的搅拌时间由控制器控制，控制器也可以设定定时来控制电机减速机的启动和停止，使物料定时获得翻动；
    (8)加热系统温度调节：控制器根据温度传感器的反馈，控制循环泵和热源锅炉的启动和停止，当温度传感器检测的温度低于设定 值时，循环泵启动，延时t1秒后锅炉启动；当温度传感器检测的温度高于设定值时，控制器控制热源锅炉停止运行，延时t2秒后控制循环泵停止运行，t1、t2的值取决于系统的惯性，可以在运行现场调整确定；
    (9)出料：当发酵的时间到达设定后，控制器控制打开出料闸门，并控制节能型搅拌器反转将已经发酵好的物料挤出，由外部输送设备送至下一工序处理；
    (10)当卸料结束后，控制器控制将出料口关闭，再次启动外部加料输送设备，将适量的待发酵原料送入斜置底部进气式好氧发酵反应器内，而留下的发酵陈料作为酵母，对新进入的原料进行接种、发酵；
    (11)重复以上步骤，使有机废弃物的生物发酵降解反应高速地循环下去；
    (12)当全部工作完成后，控制器切断高压气源电源、热源锅炉电源，关闭气阀，关闭进料阀门。
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