WO2016056434A1 - 透明導電体、透明導電体の製造方法、及び、タッチパネル - Google Patents
透明導電体、透明導電体の製造方法、及び、タッチパネル Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016056434A1 WO2016056434A1 PCT/JP2015/077645 JP2015077645W WO2016056434A1 WO 2016056434 A1 WO2016056434 A1 WO 2016056434A1 JP 2015077645 W JP2015077645 W JP 2015077645W WO 2016056434 A1 WO2016056434 A1 WO 2016056434A1
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- transparent conductor
- fine particles
- metal fine
- transparent
- ionic liquid
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
- H01B1/22—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
- G02B1/11—Anti-reflection coatings
- G02B1/118—Anti-reflection coatings having sub-optical wavelength surface structures designed to provide an enhanced transmittance, e.g. moth-eye structures
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
- G06F3/044—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
- G06F3/044—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means
- G06F3/0446—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means using a grid-like structure of electrodes in at least two directions, e.g. using row and column electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
- H01B13/30—Drying; Impregnating
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/00 - G06F3/048
- G06F2203/041—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/041 - G06F3/045
- G06F2203/04103—Manufacturing, i.e. details related to manufacturing processes specially suited for touch sensitive devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/00 - G06F3/048
- G06F2203/041—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/041 - G06F3/045
- G06F2203/04112—Electrode mesh in capacitive digitiser: electrode for touch sensing is formed of a mesh of very fine, normally metallic, interconnected lines that are almost invisible to see. This provides a quite large but transparent electrode surface, without need for ITO or similar transparent conductive material
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
- G06F3/0412—Digitisers structurally integrated in a display
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a transparent conductor, a method for producing a transparent conductor, and a touch panel. More specifically, the present invention relates to a transparent conductor suitably used in a touch panel or the like in the display field, a method for producing the transparent conductor, and a touch panel including the transparent conductor.
- the transparent conductor is mainly used as a transparent electrode in, for example, a touch panel in the display field.
- a transparent film such as indium tin oxide (ITO) is widely used.
- ITO indium tin oxide
- the ITO film has the following problems (1) to (4). (1) If there is variation in the film thickness of the ITO film, the reflected light on the front and back surfaces of the ITO film interferes and coloration occurs. (2)
- the ITO film has a refractive index of about 1.9 to 2.0, and has a high refractive index because of a large refractive index difference from the air layer. (3) When a plurality of ITO films are used in a touch panel or the like, the transmittance (transparency) is lowered. (4) Since indium, which is the main raw material of the ITO film, is a rare metal, its depletion is a concern.
- a configuration is proposed in which a transparent film such as ITO is formed on an antireflection film having a moth-eye structure (an eye-like structure), which is a kind of a nanometer-sized uneven structure (nanostructure).
- a transparent film such as ITO is formed on an antireflection film having a moth-eye structure (an eye-like structure), which is a kind of a nanometer-sized uneven structure (nanostructure).
- Such a configuration is said to have low reflectivity due to the moth-eye structure in addition to the conductivity due to the ITO film.
- the structure which has antifouling property for example, refer patent document 18
- the structure which has water repellency for example, patent document 19
- JP 2009-224078 A JP-A-63-160140 JP-A-9-55175 Japanese Patent No. 4333210 Japanese Patent No. 5332186 JP 2003-46293 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-26980 International Publication No. 2007/114076 Japanese Patent No. 5082357 JP 2010-93239 A JP 2008-283100 A JP 2008-218860 A JP 2003-109435 A JP 2010-93040 A JP 2009-263700 A Japanese Patent No. 5469849 Japanese Patent No. 4626721 JP 2007-322767 A JP 2008-122435 A
- Patent Document 1 discloses a transparent conductor in which metal fine particles are arranged in a pattern.
- the invention described in Patent Document 1 has the following problems (A) to (D), and there is room for improvement.
- (A) As a conductive portion it is a limit to form a mesh structure having a pitch of micrometer size, and when used in combination with a display device, such a mesh structure and a pixel pattern of a display element (micrometer Moire occurs due to interference with the metric size lattice structure).
- the resistivity of the entire conductive portion is increased, and the conductivity is reduced.
- the conductive portion is a convex portion on the substrate, it can be easily removed by an external force and has low durability.
- D Since it is the structure by which the mesh-shaped electroconductive part was formed on the transparent substrate, it does not have low reflectivity.
- Patent Document 6 discloses a method for forming a conductive portion by patterning a metal thin film on a transparent substrate.
- the invention described in Patent Document 6 has the following problems (E) to (H), and there is room for improvement.
- E Since the pitch of the pattern of the conductive portion is a micrometer size, when used in combination with a display device, such a pattern of the conductive portion and a pixel pattern of the display element (micrometer-size lattice structure) Interfere with each other and moire occurs.
- F When patterning, since photomasks of a predetermined size are connected and used, the boundary between the joints is easily seen as unevenness, and the quality is lowered.
- G Since the conductive part is a convex part on the transparent substrate, it can be easily removed by an external force and has low durability.
- H Since the metal thin film is patterned on the transparent substrate, it does not have low reflectivity.
- Patent Document 8 discloses a transparent conductor in which metal fine particles are arranged in a pattern.
- the invention described in Patent Document 8 has the following problems (I) to (K), and there is room for improvement.
- the conductive part is a convex part on the substrate, it can be easily removed by an external force and has low durability.
- the metal fine particles are adhered to the substrate with a slight amount of binder. Because it is only weak to external force. (K) Since the structure has a mesh-like conductive portion formed on the substrate, it does not have low reflectivity.
- Patent Document 17 discloses a transparent conductor in which a transparent film such as ITO is formed on an antireflection film having a moth-eye structure.
- a transparent film such as ITO since a transparent film such as ITO is used, there are problems already described in the above (1) to (4), and there is room for improvement.
- Patent Document 18 discloses a configuration in which nanoparticles having a predetermined refractive index are filled in the gaps between convex portions constituting the moth-eye structure.
- the invention described in Patent Document 18 is not for forming a transparent conductor, and has the following problems (L) and (M), and there is room for improvement.
- L Since the refractive index of the gap between the convex portions constituting the moth-eye structure is increased with respect to air, the reflectance is increased.
- M Nanoparticles are transparent particles such as silica, and are not metal fine particles, and therefore have insufficient conductivity.
- the invention described in Patent Document 19 is not for forming a transparent conductor, and the conductivity is not sufficient.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above situation, and is excellent in conductivity, transparency, and low reflectivity, and has no generation of moire, etc., and a method for producing the transparent conductor, It aims at providing a touch panel provided with the above-mentioned transparent conductor.
- the inventors of the present invention have conducted various studies on transparent conductors that are excellent in conductivity, transparency, and low reflectivity, and that do not generate moiré or the like.
- the antireflection film having a moth-eye structure and metal fine particles are combined.
- the inventors have found that the bottom of the gap between the convex portions constituting the moth-eye structure is filled with metal fine particles to constitute a network-like conductive portion.
- the inventors have conceived that the above problems can be solved brilliantly and have reached the present invention.
- the plurality of convex portions have a pitch equal to or smaller than the wavelength of visible light
- the antireflection film provided on the surface and the plurality of convex portions have a particle size equal to or smaller than the pitch
- a transparent conductor comprising: metal fine particles filled in the bottoms of the gaps of the plurality of convex parts, wherein the metal fine particles arranged in the gaps of the plurality of convex parts constitute a network-like conductive part It may be.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a method for producing the transparent conductor, the step (1) of applying a dispersion liquid in which the metal fine particles are dispersed in a solvent on the antireflection film.
- the transparent conductor manufacturing method may include a step (2) of drying the solvent to evaporate the solvent and a step (3) of heating the dried dispersion. .
- Yet another embodiment of the present invention may be a touch panel including the transparent conductor.
- a transparent conductor that is excellent in conductivity, transparency, and low reflectivity and does not generate moire
- a method for producing the transparent conductor, and a touch panel that includes the transparent conductor Can be provided.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view showing a transparent conductor according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a cross section of a portion corresponding to a line segment A-A ′ in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a manufacturing process of the transparent conductor according to the first embodiment (steps a to d).
- 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a transparent conductor according to Embodiment 2.
- FIG. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows the transparent conductor of Embodiment 3.
- It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows the transparent conductor of Embodiment 4.
- 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a touch panel according to Embodiment 5.
- FIG. FIG. 8 is a schematic plan view showing two transparent conductors in FIG. 7.
- Embodiment 1 relates to a transparent conductor comprising an antireflection film and metal fine particles.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view showing a transparent conductor of Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a cross section of a portion corresponding to a line segment AA ′ in FIG.
- the transparent conductor 1 a includes an antireflection film 2 and metal fine particles 3.
- the antireflection film 2 has an antireflection film provided on the surface, that is, a moth-eye structure, with a plurality of convex portions (projections) 4 having a pitch P (distance between vertices of adjacent convex portions 4) P equal to or less than the wavelength of visible light. It corresponds to an antireflection film having (a grid-like structure).
- the metal fine particles 3 have a particle size equal to or smaller than the pitch P of the convex portions 4 constituting the moth-eye structure, and are filled in the bottoms of the gaps 5 of the convex portions 4 to constitute a mesh-like conductive portion. .
- the bottom of the gap 5 of the protrusion 4 indicates a range of 0% or more and 50% or less of the depth of the gap 5 of the protrusion 4.
- the moth-eye structure and the mesh-like conductive portion (metal fine particles 3) are shown in an enlarged manner.
- the size of the convex portions 4 and the metal fine particles 3 is extremely small (small compared to the wavelength of visible light) with respect to the area of the transparent conductor 1a.
- the moth-eye structure or the mesh-like conductive portion (metal fine particles 3) cannot be identified by optical means such as the naked eye or an optical microscope.
- the shape of the convex portion 4 is not particularly limited as long as the shape becomes narrower toward the tip, and for example, a shape constituted by a columnar lower portion and a hemispherical upper portion (hereinafter also referred to as “bell shape”) or , Cone shape (cone shape, conical shape) and the like. Further, the convex portion 4 may have a shape having a branch protrusion.
- the branch protrusions are protrusions (branch protrusions 13) as shown in FIG. 1 that are formed at irregular intervals particularly in the process of anodizing and etching to form a moth-eye structure. ).
- the convex portion 4 becomes thicker downward as shown in FIG. A bell-like shape in which the bottom of the gap 5 is narrow is preferable.
- the bottom of the gap 5 of the convex portion 4 has an inclined shape, but it may have a horizontal shape without being inclined.
- the shape of the convex portion 4 is preferably a shape in which the bottom of the gap 5 of the convex portion 4 is wide.
- the pitch P of the convex portions 4 is not particularly limited as long as it is equal to or less than the wavelength of visible light (780 nm). However, from the viewpoint of sufficiently preventing optical phenomena such as moire, it is preferably 100 nm or more and 400 nm or less. More preferably, it is 100 nm or more and 200 nm or less.
- the pitch P of the convex part 4 is read from an SEM photograph (planar photograph) using a scanning electron microscope (SEM: Scanning Electron Microscope, trade name: S-4700) manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd. as a measuring instrument. In addition, the average value of the distances between all adjacent convex portions excluding the branch protrusions in the 1 ⁇ m square area is shown.
- the height of the convex portion 4 is not particularly limited as long as it is set so that the metal fine particles 3 do not come out of the gap 5 of the convex portion 4, and is preferably 50 nm or more. Furthermore, the height of the convex portion 4 is preferably 50 nm or more and 600 nm or less, and more preferably 100 nm or more and 300 nm or less, from the viewpoint of making it compatible with a suitable aspect ratio of the convex portion 4 described later. In the present specification, the height of the convex portion 4 is continuously measured using a SEM (trade name: S-4700) manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd. as a measuring instrument, and read from the SEM photograph (cross-sectional photograph), excluding branch protrusions.
- SEM trade name: S-4700
- the average value of the height of ten convex parts arranged side by side is shown. However, when 10 convex portions are selected, the convex portion having a defect or a deformed portion (such as a portion deformed when preparing a sample for SEM photography) is excluded.
- a sample for SEM photography a sample sampled in an area where there is no specific defect of the antireflection film is used. For example, in the case of a roll-shaped antireflection film produced continuously, it is sampled near the center. Use the same thing.
- the aspect ratio of the convex part 4 is not particularly limited, it is preferably 1.5 or less from the viewpoint of workability of the moth-eye structure. If the aspect ratio of the convex part 4 is too large (the convex part 4 is long and narrow), sticking occurs or the transfer condition when forming the moth-eye structure is deteriorated (the female mold of the moth-eye structure is clogged or wound) There are concerns. Furthermore, the aspect ratio of the convex portion 4 is preferably 0.8 or more and 1.5 or less from the viewpoint of sufficiently preventing optical phenomena such as moire and realizing good reflectance characteristics. In this specification, the aspect ratio of the convex portion 4 is determined by using a SEM (trade name: S-4700) manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd. as a measuring instrument, and the pitch P of the convex portion 4 measured by the method described above is high. And the ratio (height / pitch P).
- the arrangement of the protrusions 4 is not particularly limited, and may be arranged randomly or regularly, but from the viewpoint of sufficiently preventing the occurrence of moire, as shown in FIG. It is preferable to arrange
- the material of the convex portions 4 is preferably a resin.
- a solvent of the dispersion liquid in which the metal fine particles 3 are dispersed which is applied on the antireflection film 2 when the transparent conductor of Embodiment 1 is manufactured, generally, water, ethanol, alcohol-based, ester-based
- a hydrophilic resin having good wettability is more preferable as the material of the convex portion 4.
- a hydrophobic resin is used as the material of the convex portion 4 there is a concern that the dispersion liquid cannot be applied well to the gap 5 of the convex portion 4 together with the lotus effect due to the moth-eye structure.
- the metal fine particles 3 are preferably selected from a metal group having a low resistivity from the viewpoint of further increasing the conductivity, and examples thereof include gold, silver, copper, platinum, and aluminum. Among them, it is preferable to select and use gold, silver, and copper having a very low resistivity. As the metal fine particles 3, only one kind from these metal groups may be used, or a plurality of kinds may be used in combination. Moreover, you may use the alloy of these metals.
- the shape of the metal fine particles 3 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a spherical shape, a columnar shape (fiber shape), and an elliptical sphere shape. From the viewpoint of efficiently filling the metal fine particles 3, the shape of the metal fine particles 3 is preferably spherical as shown in FIG.
- the particle size of the metal fine particles 3 is not particularly limited as long as it is equal to or less than the pitch P of the convex portions 4, but is preferably 50 nm or less, and preferably 20 nm or less from the viewpoint of efficiently filling the metal fine particles 3. Is more preferable. From the viewpoint of more efficiently filling the metal fine particles 3, it is preferable to use one having a distribution (distance between the metal fine particles 3) having the same size as the particle diameter.
- the particle size of the metal fine particles 3 is 20 metals read from SEM photographs (planar photographs and sectional photographs) using an SEM (trade name: S-4700) manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd. as a measuring instrument. The average value of the particle diameter of the fine particles is shown.
- the particle diameter indicates the maximum length among the lengths of the metal fine particles 3 in all directions.
- the shape of the metal fine particle 3 is spherical, the length corresponding to the diameter is indicated, and when the shape of the metal fine particle 3 is an elliptical sphere, the diameter of the main axis and the direction perpendicular to the main axis is indicated. The length of the longer one is shown.
- the metal fine particles 3 should be filled to a range of 50% or less of the depth of the gap 5 of the convex portion 4. It is more preferable that the depth of the gap 5 of the convex portion 4 is filled to a range of 30% or more and 50% or less.
- the transparent conductor of Embodiment 1 excellent conductivity is exhibited in the network-like conductive portion formed by the metal fine particles 3, excellent transparency is exhibited in a region not filled with the metal fine particles 3, and a moth-eye structure is obtained.
- the antireflection film 2 can have excellent low reflectivity. Furthermore, the following effects (i) to (v) can also be achieved. (I) Since the metal microparticles 3 are used as those that are conductive, coloring due to interference of reflected light does not occur. (Ii) Since the mesh pitch in the mesh-like conductive portion is nanometer size, moire does not occur even when used in combination with a display device.
- the transparent conductor 1a is wiped with a cloth
- the pitch P of the protrusions 4 is 200 nm and the height is 200 nm
- the minimum value of the fiber diameter of the cloth is 400 nm. It does not enter the gap 5 of the convex part 4 and the metal fine particles 3 are not removed.
- the influence on the conductive portion can be suppressed.
- V Since the fine metal particles 3 that are conductive are filled using a moth-eye structure, patterning using a photomask is not necessary, and there is no need to worry about quality degradation due to unevenness that occurs at the boundary of the seam. Also good.
- the transparent conductor of Embodiment 1 is used as a transparent electrode in the display field, the transparency is excellent (the transmittance is high), and thus power consumption can be reduced.
- interference fringes between interface reflections and coloring of touch panel electrodes when using an ITO film can be suppressed. Can be realized.
- an electrode In a touch panel, an electrode may be used by patterning. In such a touch panel, when an ITO film is used as an electrode, the refractive index is as high as about 1.9 to 2.0, and the reflectance is high. The boundary could be seen, making it difficult to see the video.
- the transparent conductor of Embodiment 1 when used as the electrode of the touch panel, the reflectivity of about 2 to 3% is exhibited in the region where the metal fine particles 3 exist because of the low reflectivity of the moth-eye structure. Since the reflectance of 0.3% or less is shown in the region where the metal fine particles 3 are not present, the boundary between the region where the metal fine particles 3 are present and the region where the metal fine particles 3 are not present is difficult to see.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating the manufacturing process of the transparent conductor according to the first embodiment (steps a to d).
- (A) Production of antireflection film First, a substrate in which silicon dioxide (SiO 2) as an insulating layer and pure aluminum are sequentially formed on an aluminum base material is produced. At this time, for example, the insulating layer and the pure aluminum layer can be continuously formed by forming the aluminum base material into a roll shape. Next, anodization and etching are alternately repeated on the pure aluminum layer formed on the surface of the substrate to produce a female mold having a moth-eye structure. Then, the female mold is transferred to a photocurable resin by using a photo nanoimprint method, thereby producing an antireflection film 2 having a moth-eye structure as shown in FIG.
- SiO 2 silicon dioxide
- a dispersion liquid 7 in which metal fine particles 3 are dispersed in a solvent 6 is applied on the antireflection film 2.
- a dispersion for example, a dispersion (trade name: nano gold dispersion, nano silver dispersion) manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. can be used.
- the solvent 6 for example, alcohol solvents such as water, ethanol and methyl alcohol, ester solvents such as ethyl acetate and butyl acetate, and the like can be used.
- the concentration of the metal fine particles 3 in the dispersion 7 is not particularly limited and can be set as appropriate.
- the shape of the metal fine particles 3 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a spherical shape, a columnar shape (fiber shape), and an elliptical sphere shape. From the viewpoint of efficiently filling the metal fine particles 3, the metal fine particles 3 are preferably spherical.
- the particle size of the metal fine particles 3 is not particularly limited as long as it is equal to or less than the pitch P of the convex portions 4, but is preferably 50 nm or less, and preferably 20 nm or less from the viewpoint of efficiently filling the metal fine particles 3. Is more preferable. From the viewpoint of more efficiently filling the metal fine particles 3, it is preferable to use one having a distribution (distance between the metal fine particles 3) having the same size as the particle diameter.
- the coating method of the dispersion liquid 7 is not specifically limited, For example, the method of dripping a predetermined amount on the predetermined area
- step (2) Drying (step (2)) As shown in FIG. 3C, the applied dispersion liquid 7 is dried by evaporating the solvent 6.
- the drying method of the dispersion liquid 7 is not specifically limited, For example, the method of leaving in a clean bench etc. are mentioned.
- the metal fine particles 3 hardly adhere to the side surface of the convex portion 4. This is presumably because it is more energetically advantageous for the metal fine particles 3 to be dispersed in the dispersion liquid 7 than to adhere to the side surfaces of the convex portions 4 and be exposed to the outside air.
- the metal fine particles 3 aggregate and gather at the bottom of the gap 5 of the convex portion 4.
- the solvent 6 may be partially evaporated or substantially completely evaporated.
- the conductivity of the transparent conductor according to the first embodiment is not affected by the degree of drying because the metal fine particles 3 filled using the moth-eye structure are responsible.
- step (3) Heating (step (3)) The dried dispersion 7 is heated (fired). As a result, as shown in FIG. 3D, the remaining solvent 6 is volatilized, and the metal fine particles 3 are fixed to the bottom surface of the gap 5 of the convex portion 4, thereby completing the transparent conductor 1a.
- the heating method of the dispersion liquid 7 is not specifically limited, For example, the method etc. which are performed in a general heating furnace are mentioned. Further, before such heating, the processes (b) and (c) may be alternately repeated a plurality of times. Thereby, since the filling amount of the metal fine particles 3 can be increased, the conductivity can be further increased.
- Example 1 is a case where gold is used as the metal fine particles 3.
- the manufacturing process of the transparent conductor of Example 1 was as follows.
- Shape of convex portion 4 Pitch P of bell-shaped convex portion 4: 200 nm Height of convex part 4 (depth of gap 5 of convex part 4): 180 nm Proportion 4 aspect ratio: 0.9 Total thickness of the antireflection film 2 (including the height of the protrusions 4): 6 ⁇ m
- step (1) A dispersion (trade name: nano gold dispersion) manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. was used as the dispersion 7 and applied to the antireflection film 2.
- Solvent 6 was water.
- the concentration of the metal fine particles 3 (gold) was 10 mM, the particle size was 20 nm (average value), and the shape was spherical.
- the dispersion 7 was applied by a method of dropping 0.5 g on the 30 mm ⁇ (corner) region of the antireflection film 2.
- step (2) The dispersion 7 was dried by leaving it in a clean bench.
- step (3) After repeating the processes (b) and (c) three times alternately, the dispersion 7 was heated (baked) at 120 ° C. for 10 minutes. The dispersion 7 was heated using a circulation type clean oven manufactured by Nagano Science. As a result, the transparent conductor of Example 1 was completed. The metal fine particles 3 (gold) were filled to a range of 32% or less of the depth of the gap 5 of the convex portion 4.
- Example 2 The transparent conductor of Example 2 is the same as the transparent conductor of Example 1 except that silver is used as the metal fine particles 3.
- the manufacturing process of the transparent conductor of Example 2 is the manufacturing of the transparent conductor of Example 1 except that a dispersion (trade name: nano silver dispersion) manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. was used as the dispersion 7. Similar to the process. Solvent 6 was water.
- the concentration of the metal fine particles 3 (silver) was 10 mM, the particle size was 20 nm (average value), and the shape was spherical.
- the metal fine particles 3 (silver) were filled to a range of 33% or less of the depth of the gap 5 of the convex portion 4.
- the second embodiment relates to a transparent conductor including an antireflection film and metal fine particles.
- the difference from the first embodiment is that an ionic liquid is included between the metal fine particles. Since the transparent conductor of Embodiment 2 is the same as the transparent conductor of Embodiment 1 except for this configuration, the description of the overlapping points is omitted.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the transparent conductor of the second embodiment.
- the transparent conductor 1 b includes an antireflection film 2, metal fine particles 3, and an ionic liquid 8.
- the ionic liquid 8 is disposed between the metal fine particles 3.
- the schematic plan view showing the transparent conductor of Embodiment 2 is the same as FIG. 1 except that the ionic liquid 8 is arranged.
- the ionic liquid 8 is not particularly limited, and for example, a hydrophilic or hydrophobic material can be used.
- hydrophilic materials include N, N-diethyl-N-methyl-N- (2-methoxyethyl) ammonium tetrafluoroborate, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([EMIM] [CF3SO3 ], 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([BMIM] [CF3SO3]), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM] [Cl]) and the like.
- hydrophilic means that it is soluble in water.
- hydrophobic material examples include N, N-diethyl-N-methyl-N- (2-methoxyethyl) ammonium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ( [BMIM] [PF6]), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis (trifluoroethanesulfonyl) imide ([BMIM] [NTf2]) and the like.
- hydrophobic means insoluble in water. Since the ionic liquid 8 has a vapor pressure of almost zero, the ionic liquid 8 will not disappear even if left unattended.
- the transparent conductor of Embodiment 2 it is obvious that the same effect as that of the transparent conductor of Embodiment 1 can be obtained. Moreover, according to the transparent conductor of Embodiment 2, since the ionic liquid 8 is included between the metal fine particles 3, the contact resistance between the metal fine particles 3 is reduced, and the resistivity of the entire conductive portion is reduced. be able to. As a result, the conductivity of the transparent conductor can be further increased. Furthermore, since the ionic liquid 8 has entered the bottom of the gap 5 of the convex portion 4, the dirt is difficult to enter the bottom, and the dirt can be diffused on the surface of the ionic liquid 8.
- Example 3 The transparent conductor of Example 3 is the same as the transparent conductor of Example 1 except that the ionic liquid 8 is included between the metal fine particles 3.
- the manufacturing process of the transparent conductor of Example 3 is the same as that of Example 1 except that the ionic liquid 8 is impregnated in the metal fine particles 3 after the transparent conductor of Example 1 is completed. Similar to the process.
- a hydrophilic ionic liquid product name: N, N-diethyl-N-methyl-N- (2-methoxyethyl) ammonium tetrafluoroborate
- Embodiment 3 relates to a transparent conductor comprising an antireflection film and metal fine particles, and the difference from Embodiment 1 is that the ionic liquid is filled up to the upper part of the gap of the convex portion of the antireflection film. . Since the transparent conductor of Embodiment 3 is the same as the transparent conductor of Embodiment 1 except for this configuration, the description of the overlapping points is omitted.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating the transparent conductor according to the third embodiment.
- the transparent conductor 1 c includes an antireflection film 2, metal fine particles 3, and an ionic liquid 8.
- the ionic liquid 8 is filled up to the upper part of the gap 5 of the convex part 4.
- the upper portion of the gap 5 of the convex portion 4 indicates a range that is higher than 50% and less than or equal to 100% of the depth of the gap 5 of the convex portion 4.
- the schematic plan view showing the transparent conductor of Embodiment 3 is the same as FIG. 1 except that the ionic liquid 8 is arranged.
- the ionic liquid 8 It does not specifically limit as the ionic liquid 8, The thing similar to Embodiment 2 can be used.
- the ionic liquid 8 may flow out due to an action such as gravity.
- the pitch P of the convex portions 4 is preferably set to 100 nm or less, although it depends on the combination of the convex portions 4 and the material of the ionic liquid 8.
- the transparent conductor of Embodiment 3 it is obvious that the same effect as that of the transparent conductor of Embodiment 1 can be obtained. Moreover, according to the transparent conductor of Embodiment 3, since the ionic liquid 8 is included between the metal fine particles 3, the contact resistance between the metal fine particles 3 is reduced, and the resistivity of the entire conductive portion is reduced. be able to. As a result, the conductivity of the transparent conductor can be further increased. Moreover, since the ionic liquid 8 is a transparent substance, even if the filling amount is increased, a decrease in transparency (transmittance) of the transparent conductor can be suppressed to a minimum.
- the ionic liquid 8 when the ionic liquid 8 is a hydrophilic material, a transparent conductor excellent in antifouling property against hydrophobic dirt can be realized. Further, when the ionic liquid 8 is a hydrophobic material, a transparent conductor excellent in antifouling property against hydrophilic dirt can be realized.
- Example 4 The transparent conductor of Example 4 is the same as the transparent conductor of Example 1 except that the ionic liquid 8 is filled up to the upper part of the gap 5 of the convex part 4 of the antireflection film 2.
- the transparent conductor manufacturing process of Example 4 is the same as that of Example 1 except that after the transparent conductor of Example 1 is completed, the ionic liquid 8 is filled up to the upper part of the gap 5 of the protrusion 4. This is the same as the manufacturing process of the conductor.
- ionic liquid 8 a hydrophobic ionic liquid (product name: N, N-diethyl-N-methyl-N- (2-methoxyethyl) ammonium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide) manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd. is used. Using. The ionic liquid 8 was filled to a range of 100% or less of the depth of the gap 5 of the convex portion 4.
- the fourth embodiment relates to a transparent conductor including an antireflection film and metal fine particles, and the difference from the first embodiment is that the metal fine particles are covered with a metal thin film. Since the transparent conductor of Embodiment 4 is the same as the transparent conductor of Embodiment 1 except for this configuration, the description of the overlapping points is omitted.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the transparent conductor of the fourth embodiment.
- the transparent conductor 1 d includes an antireflection film 2 and metal fine particles 3.
- the metal fine particles 3 are covered with a metal thin film 9 and are subjected to so-called metal plating.
- the schematic plan view showing the transparent conductor of Embodiment 4 is the same as FIG. 1 except that the metal thin film 9 is arranged.
- the metal thin film (metal plating) 9 is not particularly limited as long as it has a lower ionization tendency than the metal fine particles 3.
- metal fine particles 3 For example, when aluminum, zinc, iron, or nickel is used as the metal fine particles 3, silver or gold can be used as the metal thin film 9. Further, for example, when silver is used as the metal fine particles 3, gold can be used as the metal thin film 9.
- the transparent conductor of Embodiment 4 it is clear that the same effect as that of the transparent conductor of Embodiment 1 can be obtained. Moreover, according to the transparent conductor of Embodiment 4, since the metal microparticles 3 are covered with the metal thin film 9, the conductivity can be further improved, and the metal microparticles 3 can be more efficiently aggregated and immobilized. . By adopting such a configuration, the conductivity can be increased and the cost can be reduced without using an expensive material such as gold or silver as the metal fine particles 3.
- the production process of the transparent conductor of Embodiment 4 is carried out after the transparent conductor of Embodiment 1 shown in FIG. 3 except for covering with a metal thin film (metal thin film 9) having a smaller ionization tendency than 3.
- the method of covering the metal fine particles 3 with the metal thin film 9 is not particularly limited.
- the metal fine particles 3 are immersed in an electroless plating bath and the metal fine particles 3 are covered with the metal thin film 9 using a substitutional chemical plating method. Methods and the like.
- the substitution-type chemical plating method the electrons emitted when the metal fine particles 3 are dissolved are received by the metal ions in the electroless plating bath, and are reduced and deposited on the metal. Will cover.
- the electroless plating it is preferable to use a substitution type chemical plating method which has high material selectivity and can be applied with thin plating.
- Table 1 shows the evaluation results of the sheet conductor, the transmittance, the reflectance, the reflection color, and the presence or absence of moire for the transparent conductors of Examples 1 to 3.
- Comparative Example 1 the transparent conductor manufactured by the method described in Example 12 of Patent Document 8 was also evaluated.
- Comparative Example 2 a configuration was also evaluated in which an ITO film having a thickness of 120 nm was formed on the entire surface of a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film having a thickness of 80 ⁇ m.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- the sheet resistance was measured using a resistivity meter (trade name: Loresta GP MCP-T610 type) manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Analytech.
- the transmittance was measured using a luminance meter (trade name: BM-9A) manufactured by Topcon Technohouse.
- the transmittance indicates a visible light transmittance with respect to incident visible light.
- the reflectance was measured using a spectrophotometer (trade name: V-560) manufactured by JASCO Corporation. In this specification, the reflectance indicates the visible light reflectance with respect to incident visible light.
- each of Examples 1 to 3 exhibited a sheet resistance comparable to or lower than that of Comparative Example 2.
- Example 3 showed a lower sheet resistance than Examples 1 and 2, and was evaluated to be more conductive.
- Example 1 showed higher transmittance than Examples 2 and 3, and was evaluated as having better transparency.
- Example 1 showed a lower reflectance than Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
- Example 2 showed a lower reflectance than Examples 1 and 3, and was evaluated to be more excellent in low reflectivity.
- the reflectivity of Example 3 is higher than that of Examples 1 and 2, but this is considered to be the effect of the ionic liquid.
- the fifth embodiment relates to a touch panel including the transparent conductors of the first to fourth embodiments.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating the touch panel according to the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic plan view showing two transparent conductors in FIG.
- the touch panel 10 has a configuration in which glass substrates 11 a and 11 b arranged to face each other are bonded together with an adhesive 12.
- the transparent conductor 1a of Embodiment 1 is disposed on the surface of the glass substrates 11a and 11b on the adhesive 12 side.
- the two transparent conductors 1a are arranged so that the convex portions thereof face each other.
- the adhesive 12 include an optical transparent pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet (OCA: Optical Clear Adhesive).
- OCA optical Clear Adhesive
- the touch panel 10 may have a cover lens via an adhesive on the side opposite to the adhesive 12 side of the glass substrate 11b. Such a touch panel 10 can be used by being disposed on the observation surface side of the liquid crystal display device.
- positioned at the glass substrate 11a side is also called X electrode
- positioned at the glass substrate 11b side is also called Y electrode.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic plan view focusing on the X electrode and the Y electrode in FIG.
- the X electrode has a conductive portion patterned and arranged in the X direction (lateral direction)
- the Y electrode has a conductive property patterned and arranged in the Y direction (vertical direction).
- a change in capacitance between adjacent electrodes is changed to an X-direction electrode array (for example, an X1-row, X2-row, X3-row, X4).
- the position touched by the finger can be determined by detecting from the column) and the electrode rows in the Y direction (Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4).
- the pattern of each electrode row has a microscopic shape in which mesh-like conductive portions are arranged in one direction (X direction or Y direction).
- a method for realizing the X electrode and the Y electrode constituted by such an electrode row for example, a method using a transparent conductor in which mesh-like conductive portions are arranged in rows at intervals, the entire surface, And a method of arranging a plurality of transparent conductors having a mesh-like conductive portion in a line at intervals.
- a transparent electrode such as ITO is used instead of the transparent conductor 1a (X electrode and Y electrode) in FIG. 7, and is patterned as shown in FIG. Since the refractive index of the ITO film is as high as about 1.9 to 2.0, which is very different from the refractive index of the adhesive (about 1.5), the reflected light at these interfaces becomes strong, and the ITO film pattern can be seen. There was a case.
- the X electrode and Y electrode light transmission regions regions where no conductive portion is disposed
- the refractive index of the regions is about 1 A material can be selected such that .5. Therefore, unnecessary reflected light at the interface between the X electrode and the Y electrode and the adhesive 12 is suppressed, and the pattern of the conductive portion becomes difficult to see.
- the transparent conductor of Embodiment 1 is applied to the touch panel
- the transparent conductor may further contain an ionic liquid between the metal fine particles.
- an ionic liquid between the metal fine particles.
- the contact resistance between the said metal microparticles becomes small, and the resistivity of the said whole electroconductive part can be reduced.
- the conductivity of the transparent conductor can be further increased.
- dirt can be diffused on the surface of the ionic liquid due to the effect of the ionic liquid entering the bottom of the gap between the plurality of convex portions.
- the ionic liquid may be a hydrophilic material.
- the ionic liquid may be a hydrophobic material.
- the ionic liquid may be filled up to the top of the gap between the plurality of convex portions.
- the ionic liquid may be a hydrophilic material. Thereby, while improving the electroconductivity of the said transparent conductor, it can be made excellent in the antifouling property with respect to hydrophobic dirt.
- the ionic liquid may be a hydrophobic material. Thereby, while improving the electroconductivity of the said transparent conductor, it can be made excellent in the antifouling property with respect to a hydrophilic dirt.
- the pitch of the plurality of convex portions may be 100 nm or less.
- the metal fine particles may be covered with a metal thin film having a smaller ionization tendency than the metal fine particles.
- the metal fine particles may have a particle size of 50 nm or less. Thereby, the metal fine particles are efficiently filled into the bottoms of the gaps between the plurality of convex portions.
- the aspect ratio of the plurality of convex portions may be 0.8 or more and 1.5 or less.
- the method for producing the transparent conductor may be such that the step (1) and the step (2) are alternately repeated a plurality of times before the step (3). Thereby, since the filling amount of the metal fine particles can be increased efficiently, the conductivity of the transparent conductor can be further increased.
- the method for producing the transparent conductor may further include a step (4) of covering the metal fine particles with a metal thin film having a smaller ionization tendency than the metal fine particles after the step (3). .
- the electroconductivity of the said transparent conductor can be improved more and the said metal fine particle can be more efficiently aggregated and fixed.
- the conductivity of the transparent conductor can be increased, and the transparent conductor can be efficiently manufactured with reduced costs. Can do.
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Abstract
Description
(1)ITO膜の膜厚にバラツキがあると、ITO膜の表面及び裏面での反射光が干渉することによって、色付きが発生してしまう。
(2)ITO膜は、屈折率が1.9~2.0程度であり、空気層との間の屈折率差が大きいため反射率が高い。
(3)タッチパネル等において複数のITO膜を用いる場合、その透過率(透明性)が低下してしまう。
(4)ITO膜の主原料であるインジウムが希少な金属であるため、その枯渇が危惧されている。
(A)導電部として、マイクロメートルサイズのピッチを有する網目状構造を形成することが限界であり、表示装置と組み合わせて用いる場合は、このような網目状構造と表示素子の画素のパターン(マイクロメートルサイズの格子状構造)とが干渉し、モアレが発生してしまう。
(B)リング状のパターンに金属微粒子が凝集しやすいため、リング状のパターンを連結する部分において、金属微粒子の量が少なくなり、断線が発生しやすくなる。よって、導電部全体の抵抗率が高くなり、導電性が低下してしまう。
(C)導電部が基板上で凸部となっているため、外力によって取れやすく、耐久性が低い。
(D)透明基板上に網目状の導電部が形成された構成であるため、低反射性を有しない。
(E)導電部のパターンのピッチがマイクロメートルサイズであるため、表示装置と組み合わせて用いる場合は、このような導電部のパターンと表示素子の画素のパターン(マイクロメートルサイズの格子状構造)とが干渉し、モアレが発生してしまう。
(F)パターニングする際に、所定の大きさのフォトマスクを繋ぎ合わせて用いるため、その継ぎ目の境界がムラとして見えやすくなり、品位が低下してしまう。
(G)導電部が透明基板上で凸部となっているため、外力によって取れやすく、耐久性が低い。
(H)透明基板上で金属薄膜がパターニングされた構成であるため、低反射性を有しない。
(I)基板上での相分離を利用して導電部を形成するため、基板の表面状態を均一に保つ必要があり、工程管理が難しい。基板の表面状態が、汚れ、傷、異物等によって変化すると、金属微粒子の分布が不均一となり、網目のピッチ(マイクロメートルサイズ)が部分的に大きくなるため、ざらつきとして視認されてしまう。
(J)導電部が基板上で凸部となっているため、外力によって取れやすく、耐久性が低い。また、金属微粒子、バインダー、及び、溶媒を混合した溶液を基板に塗布し、乾燥工程で相分離させて導電部を形成する方法では、金属微粒子がわずかな量のバインダーによって基板に密着されているだけであるため、外力に弱い。
(K)基板上に網目状の導電部が形成された構成であるため、低反射性を有しない。
(L)モスアイ構造を構成する凸部の間隙の屈折率が、空気に対して大きくなるため、反射率が大きくなってしまう。
(M)ナノ粒子はシリカ等の透明粒子であり、金属微粒子ではないため、導電性が充分ではない。
上記特許文献19に記載の発明も、透明導電体を形成するためのものではなく、導電性が充分ではなかった。
実施形態1は、反射防止フィルムと、金属微粒子とを備える透明導電体に関する。
実施形態1の透明導電体の構造について、図1及び図2を参照して説明する。図1は、実施形態1の透明導電体を示す平面模式図である。図2は、図1中の線分A-A’に対応する部分の断面を示す断面模式図である。図1及び図2に示すように、透明導電体1aは、反射防止フィルム2、及び、金属微粒子3を備えている。反射防止フィルム2は、複数の凸部(突起)4が可視光の波長以下のピッチ(隣接する凸部4の頂点間の距離)Pで、表面に設けられた反射防止フィルム、すなわち、モスアイ構造(蛾の目状の構造)を有する反射防止フィルムに相当する。金属微粒子3は、モスアイ構造を構成する凸部4のピッチP以下の粒径を有し、かつ、凸部4の間隙5の底部に充填されており、網目状の導電部を構成している。本明細書中、凸部4の間隙5の底部は、凸部4の間隙5の深さの0%以上、50%以下の範囲を示す。なお、図1及び図2では、モスアイ構造や網目状の導電部(金属微粒子3)を拡大して明示している。実際の透明導電体1aでは、透明導電体1aの面積に対して、凸部4、及び、金属微粒子3の大きさが極めて小さい(可視光の波長に比べて小さい)ため、図1及び図2に示したように、モスアイ構造や網目状の導電部(金属微粒子3)を肉眼や光学顕微鏡等の光学的手段で識別することはできない。
(i)導電性を担うものとして金属微粒子3を利用するため、反射光が干渉することによる色付きが発生しない。
(ii)網目状の導電部における網目のピッチがナノメートルサイズであるため、表示装置と組み合わせて用いる場合であっても、モアレが発生しない。
(iii)凸部4の間隙5の深さが略一定であり、金属微粒子3の充填量が場所によらず均一化されているため、断線が発生しにくい。また、網目のピッチがナノメートルサイズと小さく、網目の数も多いため、一部で断線が発生した場合であっても、代替部分が多く存在し、面抵抗が低下しにくい構造になっている。
(iv)金属微粒子3が凸部4の間隙5の底部に存在しているため、導電部の耐久性が高い。例えば、透明導電体1aをクロスで拭くことを想定すると、凸部4のピッチPが200nmで、高さが200nmである場合、クロスの繊維径の最小値が400nmであるため、クロスの繊維が凸部4の間隙5に入り込まず、金属微粒子3は除去されない。また、透明導電体1aに外力を加える場合、その外力は主に反射防止フィルム2に加わるため、導電部への影響を抑制することができる。
(v)導電性を担う金属微粒子3が、モスアイ構造を利用して充填されるため、フォトマスクを用いたパターニングが不要であり、その継ぎ目の境界で発生するムラによる品位低下を心配しなくてもよい。
実施形態1の透明導電体の製造プロセスについて、図3を参照して例示する。図3は、実施形態1の透明導電体の製造プロセスを説明する断面模式図である(工程a~d)。
まず、アルミニウム製の基材上に、絶縁層としての二酸化ケイ素(SiO2)、及び、純アルミニウムを順に成膜した基板を作製する。この際、例えば、アルミニウム製の基材をロール状にすることで、絶縁層、及び、純アルミニウムの層を連続的に形成することができる。次に、この基板の表面に形成された純アルミニウムの層に対して、陽極酸化及びエッチングを交互に繰り返し、モスアイ構造の雌型を作製する。そして、光ナノインプリント法を用いて、この雌型を光硬化性樹脂に転写することによって、図3の(a)に示すような、モスアイ構造を有する反射防止フィルム2を作製する。
図3の(b)に示すように、溶媒6中に金属微粒子3が分散された分散液7を、反射防止フィルム2上に塗布する。分散液7としては、例えば、和光純薬工業社製の分散液(商品名:ナノ金分散液、ナノ銀分散液)等を用いることができる。溶媒6としては、例えば、水、エタノール、メチルアルコール等のアルコール系の溶媒、酢酸エチル、酢酸ブチル等のエステル系の溶媒等を用いることができる。分散液7中の金属微粒子3の濃度は特に限定されず、適宜設定することができる。金属微粒子3の形状は特に限定されず、例えば、球状、柱状(ファイバー状)、楕円球体状等が挙げられる。金属微粒子3が効率的に充填される観点からは、金属微粒子3の形状として、球状であることが好ましい。金属微粒子3の粒径は、凸部4のピッチP以下であれば特に限定されないが、金属微粒子3が効率的に充填される観点からは、50nm以下であることが好ましく、20nm以下であることがより好ましい。また、金属微粒子3がより効率的に充填される観点からは、粒径と同じ大きさの分布(金属微粒子3間の距離)を有するものを用いることが好ましい。分散液7の塗布方法は特に限定されず、例えば、反射防止フィルム2の所定の領域上に、所定量を滴下する方法等が挙げられる。分散液7の塗布領域や塗布量は、反射防止フィルム2の仕様(凸部4の形状、凸部4の間隙5の深さ等)に合わせて適宜調整すればよい。
図3の(c)に示すように、塗布された分散液7に対して、溶媒6を蒸発させる乾燥を行う。分散液7の乾燥方法は特に限定されず、例えば、クリーンベンチ内で放置する方法等が挙げられる。溶媒6が蒸発する過程において、金属微粒子3は、凸部4の側面にほとんど付着しない。これは、金属微粒子3が、凸部4の側面に付着して外気に曝されるよりも、分散液7中で分散している方が、エネルギー的に有利であるためと考えられる。その結果、金属微粒子3は、凸部4の間隙5の底部に凝集して集まる。このような乾燥を行うことによって、溶媒6は部分的に蒸発してもよいし、実質的に完全に蒸発してもよい。また、実施形態1の透明導電体の導電性は、モスアイ構造を利用して充填された金属微粒子3が担うため、乾燥の具合によって影響を受けることはない。
乾燥された分散液7に対して加熱(焼成)を行う。その結果、図3の(d)に示すように、残存した溶媒6が揮発し、金属微粒子3が凸部4の間隙5の底面に固着して、透明導電体1aが完成する。分散液7の加熱方法は特に限定されず、例えば、一般的な加熱炉内で行う方法等が挙げられる。また、このような加熱を行う前に、上記(b)及び(c)のプロセスを交互に複数回繰り返してもよい。これにより、金属微粒子3の充填量を増やすことができるため、導電性をより高めることができる。
実施例1は、金属微粒子3として金を用いた場合である。実施例1の透明導電体の製造プロセスは、以下のようにした。
まず、アルミニウム製の基材上に、絶縁層としての二酸化ケイ素(SiO2)、及び、純アルミニウムを順に成膜した基板を作製した。次に、この基板の表面に形成された純アルミニウムの層に対して、陽極酸化及びエッチングを交互に繰り返し、モスアイ構造の雌型を作製した。そして、光ナノインプリント法を用いて、この雌型を光硬化性樹脂に転写することによって、モスアイ構造を有する反射防止フィルム2を作製した。反射防止フィルム2の仕様は、以下の通りであった。
凸部4の形状:釣鐘状
凸部4のピッチP:200nm
凸部4の高さ(凸部4の間隙5の深さ):180nm
凸部4のアスペクト比:0.9
反射防止フィルム2の総厚(凸部4の高さを含む):6μm
分散液7として、和光純薬工業社製の分散液(商品名:ナノ金分散液)を用い、反射防止フィルム2上に塗布した。溶媒6は水であった。金属微粒子3(金)の濃度は10mM、粒径は20nm(平均値)、形状は球状であった。分散液7の塗布は、反射防止フィルム2の30mm□(角)の領域上に、0.5g滴下する方法で行った。
分散液7の乾燥は、クリーンベンチ内で放置する方法で行った。
上記(b)及び(c)のプロセスを交互に3回繰り返した後、分散液7に対して、120℃で10分間加熱(焼成)を行った。分散液7の加熱は、ナガノサイエンス社製の循環式クリーンオーブンを用いて行った。その結果、実施例1の透明導電体が完成した。金属微粒子3(金)は、凸部4の間隙5の深さの32%以下の範囲まで充填された。
実施例2の透明導電体は、金属微粒子3として銀を用いたこと以外、実施例1の透明導電体と同様である。実施例2の透明導電体の製造プロセスは、分散液7として、和光純薬工業社製の分散液(商品名:ナノ銀分散液)を用いたこと以外、実施例1の透明導電体の製造プロセスと同様である。溶媒6は水であった。金属微粒子3(銀)の濃度は10mM、粒径は20nm(平均値)、形状は球状であった。金属微粒子3(銀)は、凸部4の間隙5の深さの33%以下の範囲まで充填された。
実施形態2は、反射防止フィルムと、金属微粒子とを備える透明導電体に関し、実施形態1との違いは、金属微粒子間にイオン性液体を含むことである。実施形態2の透明導電体は、この構成以外、実施形態1の透明導電体と同様であるため、重複する点については説明を省略する。
実施形態2の透明導電体の構造について、図4を参照して説明する。図4は、実施形態2の透明導電体を示す断面模式図である。図4に示すように、透明導電体1bは、反射防止フィルム2、金属微粒子3、及び、イオン性液体8を備えている。イオン性液体8は、金属微粒子3の間に配置されている。実施形態2の透明導電体を示す平面模式図は、イオン性液体8が配置されていること以外、図1と同様である。
実施形態2の透明導電体の製造プロセスは、図3の(d)で示された実施形態1の透明導電体が完成した後に、イオン性液体8を金属微粒子3に含浸させたこと以外、実施形態1の透明導電体の製造プロセスと同様である。
実施例3の透明導電体は、金属微粒子3間にイオン性液体8を含むこと以外、実施例1の透明導電体と同様である。また、実施例3の透明導電体の製造プロセスは、実施例1の透明導電体が完成した後に、イオン性液体8を金属微粒子3に含浸させたこと以外、実施例1の透明導電体の製造プロセスと同様である。イオン性液体8としては、関東化学社製の親水性のイオン性液体(製品名:N、N-ジエチル-N-メチル-N-(2-メトキシエチル)アンモニウムテトラフルオロボレート)を用いた。
実施形態3は、反射防止フィルムと、金属微粒子とを備える透明導電体に関し、実施形態1との違いは、反射防止フィルムの凸部の間隙の上部までイオン性液体が充填されていることである。実施形態3の透明導電体は、この構成以外、実施形態1の透明導電体と同様であるため、重複する点については説明を省略する。
実施形態3の透明導電体の構造について、図5を参照して説明する。図5は、実施形態3の透明導電体を示す断面模式図である。図5に示すように、透明導電体1cは、反射防止フィルム2、金属微粒子3、及び、イオン性液体8を備えている。イオン性液体8は、凸部4の間隙5の上部まで充填されている。本明細書中、凸部4の間隙5の上部は、凸部4の間隙5の深さの50%より高く、100%以下の範囲を示す。実施形態3の透明導電体を示す平面模式図は、イオン性液体8が配置されていること以外、図1と同様である。
実施形態3の透明導電体の製造プロセスは、図3の(d)で示された実施形態1の透明導電体が完成した後に、イオン性液体8を凸部4の間隙5の上部まで充填したこと以外、実施形態1の透明導電体の製造プロセスと同様である。
実施例4の透明導電体は、反射防止フィルム2の凸部4の間隙5の上部までイオン性液体8が充填されていること以外、実施例1の透明導電体と同様である。また、実施例4の透明導電体の製造プロセスは、実施例1の透明導電体が完成した後に、イオン性液体8を凸部4の間隙5の上部まで充填したこと以外、実施例1の透明導電体の製造プロセスと同様である。イオン性液体8としては、関東化学社製の疎水性のイオン性液体(製品名:N、N-ジエチル-N-メチル-N-(2-メトキシエチル)アンモニウムビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミド)を用いた。イオン性液体8は、凸部4の間隙5の深さの100%以下の範囲まで充填された。
実施形態4は、反射防止フィルムと、金属微粒子とを備える透明導電体に関し、実施形態1との違いは、金属微粒子が金属の薄膜で覆われていることである。実施形態4の透明導電体は、この構成以外、実施形態1の透明導電体と同様であるため、重複する点については説明を省略する。
実施形態4の透明導電体の構造について、図6を参照して説明する。図6は、実施形態4の透明導電体を示す断面模式図である。図6に示すように、透明導電体1dは、反射防止フィルム2、及び、金属微粒子3を備えている。金属微粒子3は、金属薄膜9で覆われており、いわゆる金属メッキが施されている。実施形態4の透明導電体を示す平面模式図は、金属薄膜9が配置されていること以外、図1と同様である。
実施形態4の透明導電体の製造プロセスは、図3の(d)で示された実施形態1の透明導電体が完成した後に、金属微粒子3を、金属微粒子3よりもイオン化傾向が小さい金属の薄膜(金属薄膜9)で覆うこと以外、実施形態1の透明導電体の製造プロセスと同様である。金属微粒子3を金属薄膜9で覆う方法としては特に限定されず、例えば、金属微粒子3を無電解メッキ浴に浸漬し、置換型の化学メッキ方法を用いて、金属微粒子3を金属薄膜9で覆う方法等が挙げられる。置換型の化学メッキ方法によれば、金属微粒子3が溶解する際に放出する電子を、無電解メッキ浴中の金属イオンが受け取ることで、金属に還元して析出し、金属微粒子3の表面を覆うことになる。無電解メッキとしては、材料の選択性が大きく、薄いメッキを施すことが可能な置換型の化学メッキ方法を用いることが好ましい。
実施例1~3の透明導電体について、シート抵抗、透過率、反射率、反射色、及び、モアレの有無の評価結果を表1に示す。なお、比較例1として、上記特許文献8の実施例12に記載の方法で製造した透明導電体についても評価を行った。また、比較例2として、厚みが80μmのポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)フィルム上に、厚みが120nmのITO膜を全面に成膜した構成についても評価を行った。
実施形態5は、実施形態1~4の透明導電体を備えるタッチパネルに関する。以下では、実施形態1の透明導電体を投影型の静電容量方式のタッチパネルに適用する場合について、図7及び図8を参照して説明する。図7は、実施形態5のタッチパネルを示す断面模式図である。図8は、図7中の2つの透明導電体を示す平面模式図である。図7に示すように、タッチパネル10は、対向して配置されたガラス基板11a、11bが接着剤12を介して貼り合わされた構成を有している。ガラス基板11a、11bの接着剤12側の表面には、実施形態1の透明導電体1aが配置されている。ここで、2つの透明導電体1aは、互いの凸部が対向するように配置されている。接着剤12としては、例えば、光学透明粘着シート(OCA:Optical Clear Adhesive)が挙げられる。タッチパネル10は、ガラス基板11bの接着剤12側とは反対側に、接着剤を介してカバーレンズを有していてもよい。このようなタッチパネル10は、液晶表示装置の観察面側に配置されて利用することができる。以下では、ガラス基板11a側に配置された透明導電体1aをX電極とも言い、ガラス基板11b側に配置された透明導電体1aをY電極とも言う。
以下に、本発明の透明導電体の好ましい態様の例を挙げる。各例は、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲において適宜組み合わされてもよい。
2:反射防止フィルム
3:金属微粒子
4:凸部
5:凸部の間隙
6:溶媒
7:分散液
8:イオン性液体
9:金属薄膜(金属メッキ)
10:タッチパネル
11a、11b:ガラス基板
12:接着剤
13:枝突起
P:ピッチ
Claims (11)
- 複数の凸部が可視光の波長以下のピッチで、表面に設けられた反射防止フィルムと、
前記複数の凸部の前記ピッチ以下の粒径を有し、かつ、前記複数の凸部の間隙の底部に充填された金属微粒子とを備え、
前記複数の凸部の間隙に配置された前記金属微粒子は、網目状の導電部を構成することを特徴とする透明導電体。 - 前記透明導電体は、更に、前記金属微粒子間にイオン性液体を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の透明導電体。
- 前記イオン性液体は、前記複数の凸部の間隙の上部まで充填されていることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の透明導電体。
- 前記イオン性液体は、親水性の材料であることを特徴とする請求項2又は3に記載の透明導電体。
- 前記イオン性液体は、疎水性の材料であることを特徴とする請求項2又は3に記載の透明導電体。
- 前記複数の凸部の前記ピッチは、100nm以下であることを特徴とする請求項3~5のいずれかに記載の透明導電体。
- 前記金属微粒子の前記粒径は、50nm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の透明導電体。
- 前記複数の凸部のアスペクト比は、0.8以上、1.5以下であることを特徴とする請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の透明導電体。
- 請求項1~8のいずれかに記載の透明導電体の製造方法であって、
溶媒中に前記金属微粒子が分散された分散液を、前記反射防止フィルム上に塗布する工程(1)、
塗布された前記分散液に対して前記溶媒を蒸発させる乾燥を行う工程(2)、及び、
乾燥された前記分散液に対して加熱を行う工程(3)
を含むことを特徴とする透明導電体の製造方法。 - 前記透明導電体の製造方法は、前記工程(3)の前に、前記工程(1)、及び、前記工程(2)を交互に複数回繰り返すことを特徴とする請求項9に記載の透明導電体の製造方法。
- 請求項1~8のいずれかに記載の透明導電体を備えることを特徴とするタッチパネル。
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Also Published As
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US10224126B2 (en) | 2019-03-05 |
JPWO2016056434A1 (ja) | 2017-08-17 |
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