WO2016052715A1 - バインダおよびその利用、並びに電極の製造方法 - Google Patents
バインダおよびその利用、並びに電極の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016052715A1 WO2016052715A1 PCT/JP2015/077987 JP2015077987W WO2016052715A1 WO 2016052715 A1 WO2016052715 A1 WO 2016052715A1 JP 2015077987 W JP2015077987 W JP 2015077987W WO 2016052715 A1 WO2016052715 A1 WO 2016052715A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- binder
- active material
- electrochemical device
- weight
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 181
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 40
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 41
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000002482 conductive additive Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000011267 electrode slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000783 alginic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229960001126 alginic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000004781 alginic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 38
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 34
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 31
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 29
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 28
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-{[2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(phosphanyloxy)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-3-phosphanyloxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O1C(C(O)=O)C(P)C(O)C(O)C1OC1C(C(O)=O)OC(OP)C(O)C1O FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 229940072056 alginate Drugs 0.000 description 19
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 18
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 16
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 16
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 15
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 15
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 14
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 13
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 10
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 9
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 7
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000001768 cations Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Imidazolium Chemical compound C1=C[NH+]=CN1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Pyrrolidinium ion Chemical compound C1CC[NH2+]C1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=CC=C1 JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KTQDYGVEEFGIIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-fluorosulfonylsulfamoyl fluoride Chemical compound FS(=O)(=O)NS(F)(=O)=O KTQDYGVEEFGIIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004804 polysaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000005207 tetraalkylammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- ZXMGHDIOOHOAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trifluoro-n-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methanesulfonamide Chemical compound FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ZXMGHDIOOHOAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910014422 LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 241000199919 Phaeophyceae Species 0.000 description 2
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-O Piperidinium(1+) Chemical compound C1CC[NH2+]CC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-O Pyrazolium Chemical compound C1=CN[NH+]=C1 WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 229910018286 SbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1 RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007606 doctor blade method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003709 fluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoropropylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920005615 natural polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O pyridinium Chemical compound C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical class O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005497 tetraalkylphosphonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- LFAIHVPBSXATTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1-ethylpyridin-1-ium-3-yl)methanol Chemical compound CC[N+]1=CC=CC(CO)=C1 LFAIHVPBSXATTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KIUKXJAPPMFGSW-DNGZLQJQSA-N (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-Acetamido-2-[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6R)-6-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-2,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@H]1[C@H](O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O3)C(O)=O)O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)NC(C)=O)[C@@H](C(O)=O)O1 KIUKXJAPPMFGSW-DNGZLQJQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AEMOLEFTQBMNLQ-AZLKCVHYSA-N (2r,3s,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O[C@@H]1O[C@@H](C(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O AEMOLEFTQBMNLQ-AZLKCVHYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AEMOLEFTQBMNLQ-SYJWYVCOSA-N (2s,3s,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O[C@@H]1O[C@H](C(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O AEMOLEFTQBMNLQ-SYJWYVCOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLTXWCKMNMYXEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethoxy)ethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)OC(F)(F)F BLTXWCKMNMYXEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MOBFBESVVHOHDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trimethyl-2-propylpyrazol-1-ium Chemical compound CCC[N+]1=C(C)C=C(C)N1C MOBFBESVVHOHDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KOCWJEWXPJKXHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(methoxymethyl)-1-methylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound COC[N+]1(C)CCCC1 KOCWJEWXPJKXHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXELHGDYRQLRQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCC[N+]1(C)CCCC1 PXELHGDYRQLRQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IQQRAVYLUAZUGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium Chemical compound CCCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 IQQRAVYLUAZUGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- REACWASHYHDPSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butylpyridin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 REACWASHYHDPSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJBALIUUDWYQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-2,3,5-trimethylpyrazol-2-ium Chemical compound CC[N+]1=C(C)C=C(C)N1C XJBALIUUDWYQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IRGDPGYNHSIIJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1C IRGDPGYNHSIIJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NJMWOUFKYKNWDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Chemical compound CCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 NJMWOUFKYKNWDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- REITYCXGQIGALX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-3-methylpyridin-1-ium Chemical compound CC[N+]1=CC=CC(C)=C1 REITYCXGQIGALX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGLIVJFAKNJZRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-1-propylpiperidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCC[N+]1(C)CCCCC1 OGLIVJFAKNJZRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YQFWGCSKGJMGHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-1-propylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCC[N+]1(C)CCCC1 YQFWGCSKGJMGHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WWVMHGUBIOZASN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-3-prop-2-enylimidazol-1-ium Chemical compound CN1C=C[N+](CC=C)=C1 WWVMHGUBIOZASN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CRTKBIFIDSNKCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-propylpyridin-1-ium Chemical compound CCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 CRTKBIFIDSNKCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CMJLMPKFQPJDKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylthiolane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound CC1CCS(=O)(=O)C1 CMJLMPKFQPJDKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003026 Acene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002972 Acrylic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018871 CoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018921 CoO 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000181 Ethylene propylene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013024 LiNi0.5Mn1.5O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013872 LiPF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101150058243 Lipf gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GSBKRFGXEJLVMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nervonyl carnitine Chemical compound CCC[N+](C)(C)C GSBKRFGXEJLVMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical group O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous acid Chemical group ON=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000959521 Passion fruit mosaic virus Species 0.000 description 1
- RFFFKMOABOFIDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentanenitrile Chemical compound CCCCC#N RFFFKMOABOFIDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001261506 Undaria pinnatifida Species 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001420 alkaline earth metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003113 alkalizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006231 aramid fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 1
- ANFWGAAJBJPAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide;1-ethyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CC[N+]=1C=CN(C)C=1.FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O ANFWGAAJBJPAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KVNRLNFWIYMESJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyronitrile Chemical compound CCCC#N KVNRLNFWIYMESJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010410 calcium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000648 calcium alginate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002681 calcium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OKHHGHGGPDJQHR-YMOPUZKJSA-L calcium;(2s,3s,4s,5s,6r)-6-[(2r,3s,4r,5s,6r)-2-carboxy-6-[(2r,3s,4r,5s,6r)-2-carboxylato-4,5,6-trihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Ca+2].O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)O[C@@H](C([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O2)C([O-])=O)O)[C@H](C(O)=O)O1 OKHHGHGGPDJQHR-YMOPUZKJSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004770 chalcogenides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008280 chlorinated hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006026 co-polymeric resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011532 electronic conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001973 fluoroelastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002674 hyaluronan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960003160 hyaluronic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000001055 magnesium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940091250 magnesium supplement Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxybenzene Substances CCCCOC=C UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZUZLIXGTXQBUDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyltrioctylammonium Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[N+](C)(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC ZUZLIXGTXQBUDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- SKECXRFZFFAANN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylmethanethioamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=S SKECXRFZFFAANN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002828 nitro derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001814 pectin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010987 pectin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001277 pectin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 1
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002285 poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionitrile Chemical compound CCC#N FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007581 slurry coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005621 tetraalkylammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001428 transition metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl phosphate Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)OC WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C=C NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
- H01G11/38—Carbon pastes or blends; Binders or additives therein
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a binder, its use, and an electrode manufacturing method.
- the lithium ion secondary battery enables downsizing and weight reduction of the device, has good charge / discharge efficiency, and has a high energy density.
- the lithium ion secondary battery includes a portable device, a notebook PC, a home appliance, Furthermore, it is used as a power source for hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles.
- natural energy systems such as solar power generation and wind power generation, it is newly attracting attention as an electricity storage device for storing generated power.
- Electrodes constituting an electrochemical device are composed of an active material directly related to electrical energy storage, a conductive auxiliary agent that is responsible for a conduction path between the active materials, a binder, and a current collector.
- the characteristics of electrochemical devices depend greatly on the electrodes, and are greatly influenced by the characteristics of each material itself and the way the materials are combined.
- the binder is particularly characterized by the presence ratio in the electrode obtained from the composite material containing the active material, the conductive additive and the binder (hereinafter referred to as “composite electrode”). Is required to have a low affinity, an excellent affinity with the electrolyte solution supplied to the electrochemical device, and the electric resistance of the electrode to be minimized. In addition, the stability of the high voltage operation is also important as the property of the binder.
- Binders are roughly classified into two types: water-based binders and non-aqueous binders.
- aqueous binder examples include styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) aqueous dispersion (Patent Document 1, etc.) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) (Patent Documents 2-4, etc.).
- SBR styrene-butadiene rubber
- CMC carboxymethyl cellulose
- Patent Documents 3, 5, 6, etc. Since these water-based binders have relatively high adhesion to the active material and the conductive additive, there is an advantage that the content in the composite material can be reduced.
- non-aqueous binders examples include polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (Patent Documents 7 and 8, etc.) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) (Patent Documents 9 to 11 etc.). This is advantageous for actuated devices.
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- Non-Patent Document 1 sodium alginate is applied as a binder to be used for the silicon-based negative electrode composite for lithium ion secondary batteries, and sodium alginate can be used as the binder, and a lithium ion secondary using the binder. It is known that the cycle stability of the battery is high (Non-Patent Document 1).
- an alginate-based binder is applicable to capacitor electrodes (Patent Document 12, Non-Patent Document 2) and lithium ion battery negative electrodes (Patent Document 12).
- Patent Document 13 proposes a chitosan derivative as a binder derived from a natural polymer as in the case of an alginic acid binder.
- the active material and the conductive auxiliary agent become non-uniform and lack in uniformity, so the performance reproducibility of the electricity storage device tends to be low.
- CMC has poor adhesion to the active material and the conductive additive, it is necessary to increase the content of CMC in the electrode to 10% by weight or more. As a result, the content of the active material decreases. .
- SBR and CMC are used in combination.
- SBR has a double bond in the main chain
- charge / discharge of the device As a result, deterioration due to oxidation occurs.
- SBR and CMC expand when in contact with the electrolyte.
- the active material is peeled off from the current collector and falls off, so that problems such as deterioration in cycle durability and output characteristics are likely to occur in an electricity storage device using both SBR and CMC.
- problems such as difficulty in slurry management in the composite electrode manufacturing process.
- fluorine-based polymers such as PTFE and PVdF that are non-aqueous binders have low affinity for the active material, so that depending on the active material, their dispersibility is poor and it is difficult to produce a highly uniform composite electrode.
- the binder content ratio By increasing the binder content ratio, it is possible to make up for insufficient adhesive force and ensure the strength of the electrode, but in this case, the electrical resistance of the electrode increases, especially in activated carbon with a large specific surface area, The active point is lost. Moreover, the content rate of an active material falls and the capacity
- PTFE and PVdF have (1) low reproducibility of the resulting electrode due to low affinity for carbon materials such as activated carbon, and (2) a dispersant is required for uniform mixing with the carbon material. There is a problem of becoming.
- an alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salt of alginic acid hereinafter referred to as an alkali metal salt of alginic acid and an alkaline earth metal salt of alginic acid as an “alkaline” as a binder constituting the composite electrode. It has been confirmed that the composite electrode can be applied to a positive electrode and a negative electrode for electrochemical devices.
- alginates as binders cannot be effectively applied to composite electrodes using all active materials. That is, when using alginate as a binder, since alginate is used in the form of an aqueous solution, when the reactivity of the active material with water is high (for example, when using a layered oxide active material), Problems such as chemical changes on the material surface, elution of transition metals in the active material, and pH changes in the electrode fabrication process arise.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to suppress the deterioration of an active material having high reactivity with water and to enable the use of the active material, and to use it in a small amount.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an aqueous binder capable of ensuring high electrode strength and realizing high output characteristics of the electrode.
- the present inventor has intensively studied, and as a result, a proton such as alginic acid (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “Alg-H”) containing protons in the system is used.
- Alg-H alginic acid
- the present inventors have found that the above problem can be solved by using a binder containing, as a main component, a compound having a polar functional group in the molecule, and the present invention has been completed. That is, the present invention includes the following inventions.
- a binder for connecting an active material which is a material for an electrode for an electrochemical device, and a conductive additive, wherein the binder contains protons in the system.
- a slurry for an electrode comprising the binder according to any one of [1] to [3], a conductive additive, an active material, and water.
- the content of the binder is 1% by weight or more and 10% by weight or less as a dry weight when the total dry weight of the active material, the conductive additive, and the binder is 100% by weight.
- An electrochemical device comprising a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and containing an electrolytic solution between the positive electrode and the negative electrode,
- the said positive electrode and / or negative electrode are the electrodes for electrochemical devices as described in [6] or [7], The electrochemical device characterized by the above-mentioned.
- Step A A method for producing an electrode for an electrochemical device according to [6] or [7], Step A in which the binder according to any one of [1] to [3], an active material that is a material for an electrode for an electrochemical device, and a conductive additive are mixed to obtain a mixture; And a step B of mixing the mixture and water to obtain a slurry for an electrode having a solid content concentration of 20 to 75% by weight.
- the binder according to the present invention can suppress deterioration of the active material due to the reaction with water even when an active material having high reactivity with water is used, can ensure high electrode strength with a small amount of use, and can be electrolyzed. High affinity with liquids. Therefore, there is an effect that an electrochemical device having high performance and high safety can be provided.
- a to B representing a numerical range means “A or more and B or less”. Also, “mass” and “weight”, “mass%” and “wt%” are treated as synonyms.
- the binder according to the present invention includes a binder (active material) that connects an active material (hereinafter, also referred to as “electrode active material” or simply “active material”) that is a material for an electrode for an electrochemical device and a conductive additive. And a binder to which the conductive auxiliary agent is linked, and contains protons in the system.
- Alginate which is a water-based binder can be applied to a negative electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery and the like as already known.
- an alginate or the like as a binder, it is necessary to use an aqueous solution at the time of electrode preparation. Therefore, when an active material is a substance with high reactivity with water, there exists a problem that this substance reacts with water and becomes alkaline and deteriorates.
- the “active material having high reactivity with water” means an electrode active material that reacts when contacted with water and changes in structure, chemical state and / or composition partially or entirely. That is. In other words, it reacts with water and deteriorates due to a change in structure and elution of active material components while alkalizing the water.
- the active material may be referred to as a “water-reactive active material”.
- the binder according to the present invention contains protons in the system or contains a compound having a polar functional group having protons as a main component, it releases protons in the presence of water, The alkali can be neutralized. Therefore, it is possible to suppress an increase in pH of the composite material containing the active material, the conductive additive, and the binder during electrode production, and as a result, it is possible to produce the electrode while suppressing deterioration of the active material.
- the binder according to the present invention has a high affinity with the active material and the conductive additive, it is possible to obtain a composite electrode having higher uniformity than that of the conventional binder. Furthermore, since the binder according to the present invention has a sufficient adhesive force, it is easy to produce an electrode.
- the binder according to the present invention can ensure the strength of the electrode necessary for an industrial electrode manufacturing process, as shown in the examples described later.
- the binder according to the present invention has a high affinity for the active material, the electrolytic solution, and the current collector, as shown in the examples described later, The capacity development characteristics of chemical devices can be dramatically improved. Moreover, since the binder which concerns on this invention is excellent in affinity with an active material and a conductive support agent, the interface resistance between each material in the electrode of an electrochemical device can also be reduced. Furthermore, good charge / discharge characteristics can be realized at a high voltage and a high potential.
- the binder according to the present invention can suppress deterioration of the water-reactive active material due to water, and thus has excellent characteristics using the water-reactive active material while being an aqueous binder.
- An electrochemical device can be provided.
- the binder according to the present invention connects an active material, a conductive auxiliary, and a current collector, which are materials for an electrode for an electrochemical device, and exists to cover or connect the electrode active material and the conductive auxiliary.
- the conductive assistant is fixed to the electrode active material.
- the electrode may be a positive electrode or a negative electrode.
- the binder according to the present invention can suppress the water-reactive active material from reacting with water and becoming alkaline by neutralizing the alkali with protons. From this, the binder according to the present invention suppresses deterioration of the water-reactive active material if it contains protons in the system, or if it contains a compound capable of neutralization as described above. It is considered possible.
- the binder according to the present invention contains protons in the system.
- the binder which concerns on this invention contains the compound provided with the polar functional group which has a proton as a main component.
- “containing a proton in the system” may mean that the binder itself has a proton (hereinafter referred to as “binder A”), or contains a binder and an acid that do not have a proton.
- binder A a binder having protons
- the binder B refers to a binder that has no proton and is mixed with an acid and a non-acidic binder has a proton-containing system including the binder and the acid.
- the binder according to the present invention may include a binder that uses the binder A and the binder B together.
- Both binder A and binder B exhibit a pH of less than 7 when present in water.
- the binder B can be prepared by appropriately mixing a binder having no proton and an acid.
- the kind of acid is not particularly limited. Since the binder which concerns on this invention contains a proton in a system, the slurry for electrodes mentioned later also shows acidity (pH shows less than 7).
- the binder B for example, as a binder having no proton, alginate metal salt, carboxymethyl cellulose metal salt, chitosan, other polar functional group adducts of polysaccharides and their metal salts, and the like, bis ( Fluorosulfonyl) imidic acid, formic acid, acetic acid, etc. can be used as a mixture thereof.
- the binder having no protons may be a single compound or a mixture of two or more compounds.
- the acid may be one acid or a mixture of two or more acids. Since the water-reactive active material can be prevented from deteriorating if it contains protons in the system, the mixing ratio of the binder having no proton and the acid is not particularly limited.
- binder A examples include a binder containing as a main component a compound having a polar functional group having a proton.
- the polar functional group having a proton is not particularly limited, but one or two selected from the group consisting of a carboxyl group, a carbonyl group, a phosphate group, a sulfonyl group, a nitro group, a nitric acid group, a nitrous acid group, and a hydroxyl group.
- the above functional group can be mentioned as an example.
- any liquid (slurry) obtained by mixing the compound with water, an active material, and other electrode materials may have a pH of less than 7.
- the liquid may be an aqueous solution or a suspension.
- the compound having the functional group is not particularly limited.
- alginic acid, hyaluronic acid, vinyl carboxylate, vinyl sulfonic acid, pectin, polylactic acid, Nafion (registered trademark), or styrene-sulfonic acid copolymer examples thereof include a copolymer, a copolymer with a monomer containing a polar functional group having a proton such as a styrene-maleic acid copolymer, and a polar functional group adduct having a proton.
- the compound provided with the said functional group may be used by 1 type, or may be used as a 2 or more types of mixture.
- Consing compound as main component means that the content of the compound in the binder is more than 50% by weight and 100% by weight or less when the total weight of the binder is 100% by weight.
- the content is 70% or more, 100% or less, 75% or more, 100% or less, 80% or more, 100% or less, 85% or more, 100% or less, 90% or more, Most preferably, it is 100 weight% or less.
- the said content rate means the sum total of each content rate of the compound provided with the said functional group.
- the binder component other than the compound includes polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF); a copolymer of PVdF and hexafluoropropylene (HFP), perfluoromethyl vinyl ether ( PVdF copolymer resins such as copolymers of PFMV) and tetrafluoroethylene (TFE); fluorinated resins such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and fluororubber; styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), ethylene-propylene rubber (EPDM), polymers such as styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer; polysaccharides such as carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC); proteins such as gelatin. Further, these derivatives or a mixture containing one or more of these may be used.
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- HFP hexafluoropropylene
- PVdF copolymer resins such as copolymers of
- the compound having a polar functional group having a proton may be cross-linked or non-cross-linked as long as it can have a structure capable of releasing a proton.
- Alg-H alginic acid
- the compound having a polar functional group having a proton is more preferably alginic acid (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “Alg-H”).
- Alg-H refers to alginic acid in which OH of the carboxyl group in alginic acid remains as it is, that is, the carbonyl group in alginic acid is not bonded to a cation other than proton. That is, Alg-H can also be referred to as an acid form of alginic acid.
- Alginic acid has a basic molecular structure of a high-molecular polysaccharide in which ⁇ -D-mannuronic acid and ⁇ -L-guluronic acid are linked by 1,4.
- the alginic acid is usually derived from brown algae plants such as kombu, wakame and kajime.
- alginic acid is sometimes used as a generic term for alginic acid, which is a salt of alginic acid and an element other than a proton.
- Alg-H is a natural polymer, so it can be expected to reduce binder manufacturing costs and provide a binder with low environmental impact can do.
- the method for producing Alg-H is not particularly limited, and may be a conventionally known method.
- a commercial product can also be used as Alg-H. Examples of commercially available products include product number A17582 manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. and product number A7003 manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich.
- Alg-H may or may not be crosslinked as long as it can have a structure capable of releasing protons.
- Examples of the crosslinked Alg-H include cross-linked products obtained by crosslinking Alg-H with alkaline earth metal ions, transition metal ions, primary amines, diols, and the like.
- the active material used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be a water-reactive active material, an active material that does not react with water, or an active material that is weakly reactive with water. Good.
- transition metal oxides such as CuO, Cu 2 O, MnO 2 , MoO 3 , V 2 O 5 , CrO 3 , MoO 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , Ni 2 O 3 , CoO 3 ; Li lithium composite oxide containing lithium and a transition metal such as x CoO 2 , Li X NiO 2 , Li X Mn 2 O 4 , LiNi 1/3 Mn 1/3 Co 1/3 O 2 (NMC), LiFePO 4 ; Examples thereof include metal chalcogenides such as TiS 2 , MoS 2 , and NbSe 3 ; conductive polymer compounds such as polyacene, polyparaphenylene, polypyrrole, and polyaniline.
- the transition metal oxide or composite oxide is a material doped with a small amount of elements such as fluorine, boron, aluminum, chromium, zirconium, molybdenum, iron, etc., or the particle surface of the composite oxide is made of carbon, MgO, Al 2 Those surface-treated with O 3 , SiO 2 or the like can also be used.
- transition metal oxides or composite oxides are highly reactive with water as described above.
- the binder according to the present invention can solve these problems.
- the active materials described above may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the active material may be used as a positive electrode active material or a negative electrode active material.
- ⁇ Current collector> As the current collector, an electronic conductor that does not adversely affect the constructed battery can be used. For example, aluminum, titanium, stainless steel, nickel, baked carbon, conductive polymer, conductive glass, and the like can be given. For the purpose of improving adhesion, conductivity, oxidation resistance, etc., a current collector obtained by treating the surface of aluminum or the like with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, or the like may be used.
- the shape of the current collector may be a foil, a film, a sheet, a net, a punched or expanded material, a lath, a porous material, a foam, or the like.
- the thickness is not particularly limited, but a thickness of 1 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less is usually used.
- the binder according to the present invention is excellent in adhesiveness, it is possible to satisfactorily adhere a composite material containing a binder, an active material and a conductive additive to a current collector.
- conductive support agent if it is an electronic conductive material which does not have a bad influence on battery performance, it can be used.
- carbon black such as acetylene black and ketjen black is used, but natural graphite (scale-like graphite, scale-like graphite, earth-like graphite, etc.), artificial graphite, carbon whisker, carbon fiber powder, metal (copper, nickel, Conductive materials such as aluminum, silver, gold, etc.) powder, metal fibers, conductive ceramic materials, etc. may be used. These may be used alone or as a mixture of two or more.
- the electrode for an electrochemical device according to the present invention contains the binder according to the present invention.
- the active material, current collector, and conductive additive described above may be included.
- the content of the binder in the electrode for an electrochemical device according to the present invention is 1% by weight or more and 10% by weight as a dry weight when the total dry weight of the active material, the conductive additive and the binder is 100% by weight.
- the content is preferably 2% by weight or more and more preferably 3% by weight or less.
- the “dry weight” means, for example, the weight after the electrode slurry containing the active material, the conductive additive and the binder is applied to the current collector and dried. About the drying method, it described in ⁇ The manufacturing method of the slurry for electrodes, the compound material for electrodes, the electrode for electrochemical devices> mentioned later.
- the binder content is 1% by weight or more, it becomes easy to produce a composite material in which the active material, the conductive additive and the binder are uniformly mixed. If the binder content is 10% by weight or less, the binder content Since the fall of the content rate of the active material accompanying the increase in can be prevented, it is preferable.
- the electrode for an electrochemical device according to the present invention contains the binder according to the present invention, as shown in the examples described later, even if the content ratio in the composite material is lower than the conventional binder such as PVdF, The strength of the electrode equal to or higher than that of the electrode using the conventional binder can be ensured.
- the electrode for an electrochemical device according to the present invention is excellent in uniformity due to the use of the binder according to the present invention, and the electrical resistance is reduced. Operable at high voltage of 0V to 4.5V.
- the electrode for an electrochemical device according to the present invention may be used as a positive electrode or a negative electrode of an electrochemical device. Even when the active material is a water-reactive active material, the active material can be sufficiently used as a positive electrode and a negative electrode that are exposed to a wide potential application by using the active material together with the binder according to the present invention.
- the electrode slurry according to the present invention contains the binder according to the present invention, a conductive additive, an active material, and water.
- a composite material for an electrode can be obtained. That is, an electrode for an electrochemical device according to the present invention, in which a mixture for an electrode exists on the current collector, is produced by applying the slurry for an electrode according to the present invention to a current collector and drying it. Can do.
- the method for producing an electrode for an electrochemical device according to the present invention comprises mixing a binder according to the present invention, an active material that is a material for an electrode for an electrochemical device, and a conductive additive, and a mixture. It can be produced by a method comprising the step A of obtaining the slurry and the step B of mixing the mixture and water to obtain a slurry for an electrode having a solid content concentration of 20 to 75% by weight.
- the solid content concentration of the electrode slurry according to the present invention varies depending on the content of the electrode slurry, it is not particularly limited, but the solid content concentration is, for example, 20 to 75% by weight. Is more preferable, and 60% by weight is more preferable.
- the content (% by weight) of the active material, the conductive auxiliary agent and the binder in the solid content of the electrode slurry is as follows.
- the binder is preferably 80 to 99: 0 to 20: 1 to 10, and more preferably 90 to 99: 0 to 10: 1 to 3.
- the electrode slurry according to the present invention can be prepared by mixing the binder according to the present invention, an active material that is a material for an electrode for an electrochemical device, a conductive additive, and water.
- the production method is not particularly limited.
- the binder A according to the present invention, an active material, and a conductive additive are mixed to obtain a mixture, and the above mixture and water are mixed so that the solid content concentration is 20 to 75% by weight.
- the electrode slurry according to the present invention can be produced by a method comprising the step B of obtaining the electrode slurry according to the present invention.
- the solid content concentration in the slurry is not limited to 20 to 75% by weight as described above.
- the binder according to the present invention contains, as a main component, a compound having a polar functional group having a proton such as Alg-H.
- the above compound is a solid insoluble in water.
- an electrode slurry can be prepared by preparing an aqueous solution of an alginate and mixing the aqueous solution, an active material, and a conductive additive. . By using the aqueous solution, the mixing can be easily performed.
- the above compound such as Alg-H is insoluble in water, and thus such a preparation method cannot be adopted.
- an electrode slurry can be easily prepared.
- the binder is soluble in water
- an aqueous solution of the binder is prepared like the alginate, and the slurry for the electrode is prepared by mixing the aqueous solution, the active material, and the conductive assistant. May be.
- Mixing components constituting the electrode slurry is performed using, for example, a conventionally known mortar; high-speed rotary pulverizers such as roll mills, hammer mills, screw mills, pin mills; vibration mills, roll granulators, knuckle type pulverizers, cylindrical mixers, etc. Can do.
- an electrode mixture can be formed on the current collector, and an electrode for an electrochemical device can be produced.
- the electrode slurry is applied to a current collector, the excess electrode slurry is removed by a doctor blade, the electrode slurry is applied to a current collector, and the electrode slurry is rolled by a roller.
- a known coating method such as a method may be used.
- the temperature at which the applied electrode slurry is dried is not particularly limited, and may be appropriately changed depending on the blending ratio of each material in the electrode slurry.
- the current collector coated with the electrode slurry is allowed to stand at room temperature, and then heated at 50 ° C. to 100 ° C. using a heating device to remove and dry the water, and further under reduced pressure.
- the method of drying at 120 degreeC for several hours is mentioned.
- the decompression condition is preferably a pressure of 10 Pa or less.
- what is necessary is just to change the thickness of the electrode obtained suitably with the use of an electrochemical device.
- the electrochemical device according to the present invention includes a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and includes an electrolytic solution between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. And the said positive electrode and / or a negative electrode are the electrodes for electrochemical devices which concern on this invention mentioned above.
- a separator is disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode in order to prevent a short circuit between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- Each of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is provided with a current collector, and both current collectors are connected to a power source. Charging / discharging is switched by operating this power source.
- [2. Description of the items already described in Electrode for Electrode Device and Method for Producing the Same, and Electrode Slurry and Electrode Composite Material] will be omitted below.
- the binder according to the present invention has a high affinity for the material constituting the electrode, it can be applied not only to lithium ion batteries but also to various electrochemical devices.
- the electrochemical device according to the present invention examples include an electrochemical capacitor, a lithium ion secondary battery, and the like, and further include a non-lithium ion battery, a lithium ion capacitor, a dye-sensitized solar cell, and the like.
- the electrochemical device can be used as an electricity storage device with high performance and high safety. Therefore, the electrochemical device according to the present invention is a small electronic device such as a mobile phone device, a notebook computer, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a video camera, and a digital camera; ); Power generation equipment such as thermal power generation, wind power generation, hydroelectric power generation, nuclear power generation, geothermal power generation; may be mounted on a natural energy storage system or the like.
- the electrochemical device is more preferably a lithium ion secondary battery.
- a metal oxide having a layered structure such as NMC has a high capacity and excellent thermal stability, and is effective as an electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery.
- it has a reactivity with water. There is a problem that it is expensive. Since the electrode for an electrochemical device according to the present invention contains the binder according to the present invention, deterioration of the metal oxide due to water can be suppressed.
- the present invention has an advantage that the excellent characteristics of the metal oxide having a layered structure, which is useful as an electrode material of a lithium ion secondary battery, can be fully utilized.
- the electrolyte solution is not particularly limited as long as a known one is used, but a non-aqueous electrolyte solution can be used.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte solution may be any non-aqueous electrolyte solution used in conventionally known electrochemical devices, and an ionic liquid can also be used.
- the nonaqueous electrolytic solution may be an organic electrolytic solution used for a nonaqueous electrolytic solution of an electrochemical device.
- Such an organic electrolyte contains an electrolyte salt that serves as an ion carrier and is composed of an organic solvent that dissolves the electrolyte salt. That is, the organic electrolyte contains an electrolyte salt and an organic solvent.
- electrolyte salt one or more substances selected from the ionic liquids, quaternary onium salts, alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts and the like can be used.
- Representative quaternary onium salts include tetraalkylammonium salts and tetraalkylphosphonium salts.
- lithium salts sodium salts, potassium salts, magnesium salts, calcium salts, and the like can be given.
- anion of the electrolyte salt examples include BF 4 ⁇ , NO 3 ⁇ , PF 6 ⁇ , SbF 6 ⁇ , CH 3 CH 2 OSO 3 ⁇ , CH 3 CO 2 ⁇ , or CF 3 CO 2 ⁇ , CF 3 SO Fluoroalkyl group-containing anions such as 3 ⁇ , (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 N ⁇ [bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide], (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 C — and the like can be mentioned.
- LiClO 4 LiAsF 6 , LiPF 6 , LiPF 4 , LiBF 4 , LiB (C 6 H 5 ) 4 , LiCl, LiBr, CH 3 SO 3 Li, CF 3
- LiClO 4 LiAsF 6 , LiPF 6 , LiPF 4 , LiBF 4 , LiB (C 6 H 5 ) 4 , LiCl, LiBr, CH 3 SO 3 Li, CF 3
- LiClO 4 LiAsF 6 , LiPF 6 , LiPF 4 , LiBF 4 , LiB (C 6 H 5 ) 4 , LiCl, LiBr, CH 3 SO 3 Li, CF 3
- LiClO 4 LiAsF 6 , LiPF 6 , LiPF 4 , LiBF 4 , LiB (C 6 H 5 ) 4 , LiCl, LiBr, CH 3 SO 3 Li, CF 3
- a lithium salt such as SO 3 Li can be mentioned.
- organic solvent examples include ethers, ketones, lactones, nitriles, amines, amides, sulfur compounds, chlorinated hydrocarbons, esters, carbonates, nitro compounds, and phosphate ester compounds. , Sulfolane compounds and the like can be used.
- Typical organic solvents include tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, anisole, monoglyme, acetonitrile, propionitrile, 4-methyl-2-pentanone, butyronitrile, valeronitrile, benzonitrile, 1,2 -Dichloroethane, ⁇ -butyrolactone, dimethoxyethane, methyl formate, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylthioformamide, sulfolane, 3-methyl-sulfolane, trimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate and these And the like.
- propylene carbonate is preferable because it has low viscosity, excellent ionic conductivity, and excellent electrochemical stability.
- the said non-aqueous electrolyte solution may be used individually or in combination of 2 or more types.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte may be an ionic liquid electrolyte used for a non-aqueous electrolyte of an electrochemical device.
- the “ionic liquid” here means a salt that exists in a liquid state even at room temperature. Examples of the cation of the ionic liquid include imidazolium, pyridinium, pyrrolidinium, piperidinium, tetraalkylammonium, pyrazolium, and tetraalkylphosphonium.
- imidazolium examples include 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium, 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium, Examples include 1-allyl-3-ethylimidazolium, 1-allyl-3-butylimidazolium, 1,3-diallylimidazolium, and the like.
- pyridinium examples include 1-propylpyridinium, 1-butylpyridinium, 1-ethyl-3- (hydroxymethyl) pyridinium, 1-ethyl-3-methylpyridinium, and the like.
- pyrrolidinium examples include N-methyl-N-propylpyrrolidinium, N-methyl-N-butylpyrrolidinium, N-methyl-N-methoxymethylpyrrolidinium, and the like.
- examples of the piperidinium include N-methyl-N-propylpiperidinium.
- tetraalkylammonium examples include N, N, N-trimethyl-N-propylammonium and methyltrioctylammonium.
- Examples of the pyrazolium include 1-ethyl-2,3,5-trimethylpyrazolium, 1-propyl-2,3,5-trimethylpyrazolium, 1-butyl-2,3,5-trimethylpyrazo Examples include lithium.
- examples of the anion that forms the ionic liquid in combination with the cation include BF 4 ⁇ , NO 3 ⁇ , PF 6 ⁇ , SbF 6 ⁇ , CH 3 CH 2 OSO 3 ⁇ , CH 3 CO 2 ⁇ , or CF 3 CO 2 ⁇ , CF 3 SO 3 ⁇ , (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 N ⁇ [bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide], (FSO 2 ) 2 N ⁇ [bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide], ( And fluoroalkyl group-containing anions such as CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 C — .
- the ionic liquid a combination of at least one of these various anions and at least one of these various cations can be employed.
- an ionic liquid containing an anion such as (FSO 2 ) 2 N — is preferable.
- These ionic liquids are (1) that the electrical characteristics of the electricity storage device are more excellent, and that the degradation of the electrical characteristics is suppressed, and (2) the electrical characteristics that the electrolyte solution has are easy to obtain. Is preferable in that it is more suppressed in the electricity storage device.
- an ionic liquid containing a fluorine-containing anion such as (FSO 2 ) 2 N — is preferable in the lithium ion secondary battery.
- the ionic liquid is preferably an ionic liquid containing an imidazolium cation or a pyrrolidinium cation in that it has a relatively low viscosity, excellent ionic conductivity, and excellent electrochemical stability.
- the ionic liquid is preferably a salt of a bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide anion as an anion and a quaternary ammonium such as pyrrolidinium as a cation, and more specifically, an N, N-dialkylpyrrole. Dinium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide is preferred. Further, tetraalkylammonium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide are also preferable non-aqueous electrolytes.
- a known polymer electrolyte such as polyethylene oxide, polyacrylonitrile, polymethyl methacrylate, etc. may be used.
- a separator is provided between them in order to prevent a short circuit between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- a known separator can be used, and is not particularly limited.
- the separator is a microporous film of polyethylene or polypropylene film; a multilayer film of porous polyethylene film and polypropylene; polyester fiber, aramid fiber, glass fiber, or the like.
- Nonwoven fabrics may be mentioned, and more preferred are separators in which ceramic fine particles such as silica, alumina, titania and the like are attached to the surface thereof.
- the separator preferably has a porosity of 70% or more, more preferably 80% or more, and even more preferably 95% or less.
- the air permeability obtained by the Gurley test method is preferably 200 seconds / 100 cc or less.
- the porosity is a value calculated by the following equation from the apparent density of the separator and the true density of the solid content of the constituent material.
- Porosity (%) 100 ⁇ (apparent density of separator / true density of solid material content) ⁇ 100
- Gurley air permeability is an air resistance according to a Gurley tester method defined in JIS P 8117.
- the separator contains 80% by weight or more of glass fibers having an average fiber diameter of 1 ⁇ m or less and less than 20% by weight of organic components containing fibrillated organic fibers, and the glass fibers are entangled with the fibrillated organic fibers.
- a wet papermaking sheet bonded to a porosity of 85% or more is particularly preferably used.
- the fibrillated organic fiber is formed by a device that disaggregates fibers, for example, a double disc refiner, and is subjected to the action of shearing force by beating and the like, and a single fiber is formed by very finely cleaving in the fiber axis direction. It is preferable that at least 50% by weight or more of fibril-containing fibers are fibrillated to a fiber diameter of 1 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 100% by weight is fibrillated to a fiber diameter of 1 ⁇ m or less. preferable.
- fibrillated organic fiber polyethylene fiber, polypropylene fiber, polyamide fiber, cellulose fiber, rayon fiber, acrylic fiber, etc. can be used.
- Active material LiNi 1/3 Mn 1/3 Co 1/3 O 2 (NMC)
- Conductive aid carbon-based conductive aid (carbon black was used as the carbon-based conductive aid)
- Binder Alg-H
- Current collector Aluminum foil ⁇ Production method> Alg-H, NMC and carbon-based conductive additive were placed in a mortar and mixed. Water was added and kneaded so that the solid content concentration was about 60% by weight to prepare a coating liquid (slurry). The obtained coating solution was applied to a current collector (aluminum foil) using a doctor blade method. Then, after leaving at room temperature, it heated on the hotplate of 50 degreeC, the water
- the coating liquid was applied to the current collector by a doctor blade, and the coating liquid was heated on a hot plate at 80 ° C. for about 10 minutes. Thereafter, the coating solution applied to the current collector was dried for 12 hours under a reduced pressure of 10 ⁇ 1 Pa in a temperature atmosphere of 100 ° C. to obtain an electrode 5.
- An electrode 6 was obtained in the same manner as in Production Example 5, except that magnesium alginate (Alg-Mg) was used as the binder instead of sodium alginate.
- a positive electrode 6 was obtained in the same manner as in Production Example 5, except that a mixture of CMC and SBR was used instead of sodium alginate as the binder.
- Slurry 1 A slurry prepared by adding 5.0 g water to 0.1 g NMC
- Slurry 2 Slurry prepared by adding 0.01 g Alg-H to 0.1 g NMC followed by 5.0 g water
- Slurry 3 Slurry prepared by adding 0.01 g Alg-Na to 0.1 g NMC followed by 5.0 g water
- Slurry 4 A slurry prepared by adding 0.01 g of Alg-Mg to 0.1 g of NMC and then adding 5.0 g of water
- Slurry 5 A slurry prepared by adding 0.01 g of CMC to 0.1 g of NMC and then adding 5.0 g of water.
- slurry 1 containing only NMC showed strong alkalinity. This is because NMC, which is a layered metal oxide, reacted with water. At this time, NMC deteriorates when the metal component dissolves in water.
- the electrode using Alg-H as the binder has much higher strength than the electrode using other binders.
- electrodes using Alg-H as the binder It can be seen that the peel strength is superior to that of the electrode using this binder. That is, it can be seen that Alg-H can improve the strength of the composite electrode as compared with the conventional binder by using a very small amount.
- the content of Alg-H is optimally 2 to 3% by weight in the mixture.
- the electrode 1 is slightly inferior to the electrode 8, it shows a strength comparable to that of the electrode 8 at 1 ⁇ 2 of the binder usage of the electrode 8.
- the electrode 4 can secure the same or higher strength as the electrodes 7 and 9 with a significantly smaller binder usage than the electrodes 7 and 9.
- the binder content is 10% by weight or more as the dry weight. If it is in the range of weight% or less, it can be expected that the strength equal to or higher than that of the conventional binder can be ensured in a small amount as compared with the conventional binder.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a position where the thickness of an electrode is measured. The five points at the center and the four corners of the electrode to be measured correspond to the points 1 to 5 shown in FIG.
- the electrode thickness did not change (thickness increase rate was 0%), but in the electrode 9 using PVdF as the binder, the thickness increase rate was Was 25%.
- Example 1 Using the electrode 2 produced in Production Example 2, a bipolar half cell for evaluation was produced. The configuration is shown below. The electrode 2 was used by punching into a diameter of 12 mm.
- Example 2 A prototype cell was fabricated using the same configuration and method as shown in Example 1 except that the negative electrode was a graphite electrode.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of constant current charge / discharge measurement performed on the evaluation bipolar half cell using the electrochemical device electrode according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results of constant current charge / discharge measurements on an evaluation bipolar half-cell using an electrochemical device electrode according to the present invention and an evaluation bipolar half-cell using a conventional electrode. .
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the results of measuring the output characteristics of an evaluation bipolar half-cell using the electrochemical device electrode according to the present invention and an evaluation bipolar half-cell using a conventional electrode.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the results of a constant current charge / discharge measurement performed on a prototype cell using the electrochemical device electrode according to the present invention.
- ⁇ Charge / discharge characteristic evaluation 4> Except for 1400 cycles of charge / discharge, constant current charge / discharge measurement was performed under the same conditions using the prototype cell having the same configuration as in the case of ⁇ Charge / discharge characteristic evaluation 3> described above. The charge / discharge characteristics were measured by measuring the capacity (Discharge capacity / mAh g ⁇ 1 ) and the charge / discharge efficiency (Coulobmic efficiency /%).
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the results of constant current charge / discharge measurement over a long period of time for a prototype cell using the electrochemical device electrode according to the present invention.
- the electrode using the Alg-H binder enables stable charge / discharge even when charge / discharge over a long period of 1400 cycles.
- ⁇ Charge / discharge characteristic evaluation 5> Except for setting the upper limit operating voltage to 4.5 V vs Li / Li + (that is, setting the voltage range to 3.0 to 4.5 V vs Li / Li + ), the same as the case of the above ⁇ Charge / discharge characteristic evaluation 3> Using a prototype cell with a configuration, constant current charge / discharge measurement under the same conditions, and measuring discharge capacity (Discharge capacity / mAh g -1 ) and charge / discharge efficiency (Coulobmic efficiency /%) The charge / discharge characteristics were measured.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the results of constant current charge / discharge measurement under high voltage for a prototype cell using the electrochemical device electrode according to the present invention.
- the electrode using the Alg-H binder enables stable charge and discharge even under a relatively high voltage of 4.5V.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the results of measuring the output characteristics of a prototype cell using the electrochemical device electrode according to the present invention and a prototype cell using a conventional electrode.
- Example 3 [Production of evaluation bipolar half-cell] Using the materials shown below, a positive electrode for an electrochemical device was produced by the method shown below.
- Active material LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 2 (LNM)
- Conductive aid carbon black
- Binder A 3% by weight acetic acid aqueous solution with chitosan added to a concentration of 4% by weight was used as a binder.
- Electrode for electrochemical device was obtained by drying the current collector coated with the coating liquid at 120 ° C. for several hours under reduced pressure conditions of 10 Pa or less.
- the resultant composite electrode sheet (electrochemical device electrode) punched into a size of 12 mm in diameter is used as the positive electrode, 1.0 mol dm ⁇ 3 LiPF 6 / EC + DMC as the electrolyte, Li foil as the negative electrode, and polyethylene as the separator
- a bipolar half cell for evaluation was produced using a system separator. Specifically, the positive electrode and the negative electrode shown above were arranged on both sides, a separator was arranged between both electrodes, and an electrolyte was injected to produce a two-electrode half cell.
- the present invention relates to a binder as a material for an electrochemical device, and can be used in the capacitor industry, the automobile industry, the battery industry, the home appliance industry and the like.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
Description
上記正極および/または負極は、〔6〕または〔7〕に記載の電気化学デバイス用電極であることを特徴とする電気化学デバイス。
〔1〕から〔3〕のいずれか一つに記載のバインダと、電気化学デバイス用電極の材料である活物質と、導電助剤と、を混合し、混合物を得る工程Aと、
上記混合物と水とを混合し、固形分濃度が20~75重量%である電極用スラリーを得る工程Bと、を備えることを特徴とする方法。
本発明に係るバインダは、電気化学デバイス用電極の材料である活物質(以下、「電極活物質」あるいは単に「活物質」と称する場合もある)と導電助剤とを連結させるバインダ(活物質および導電助剤を連結させるバインダ)であって、系内にプロトンを含有する。
本発明に係るバインダは、電気化学デバイス用電極の材料である活物質および導電助剤、集電体などを連結させるものであり、電極活物質と導電助剤とを覆うあるいは連結するように存在し、電極活物質に対して導電助剤を固定するものである。電極は正極でも負極でもよい。
上記プロトンを有する極性官能基を備えた化合物は、アルギン酸(以下、「Alg-H」と称する場合がある)であることがより好ましい。Alg-Hとは、アルギン酸中のカルボキシル基のO-Hがそのまま残っている、すなわちアルギン酸中のカルボニル基がプロトン以外の陽イオンと結合していないアルギン酸を示す。つまり、Alg-Hは、酸フォームのアルギン酸ということもできる。
本発明において用いる活物質としては、特に限定されるものではなく、水反応性活物質であってもよいし、水と反応しない活物質や、水との反応性が弱い活物質であってもよい。
集電体としては、構成された電池において悪影響を及ぼさない電子伝導体を使用可能である。例えば、アルミニウム、チタン、ステンレス鋼、ニッケル、焼成炭素、導電性高分子、導電性ガラス等を挙げることができる。接着性、導電性、耐酸化性等の向上の目的で、アルミニウム等の表面を、カーボン、ニッケル、チタンまたは銀等で処理した集電体を用いてもよい。
上記導電助剤としては、電池性能に悪影響を及ぼさない電子伝導性材料であれば使用することができる。通常、アセチレンブラック、ケッチェンブラック等のカーボンブラックが使用されるが、天然黒鉛(鱗状黒鉛、鱗片状黒鉛、土状黒鉛等)、人造黒鉛、カーボンウイスカー、炭素繊維粉末、金属(銅、ニッケル、アルミニウム、銀、金等)粉末、金属繊維、導電性セラミックス材料等の導電性材料を使用してもよい。これらは単独で用いてもよく、2種類以上の混合物として用いることができる。
<電気化学デバイス用電極>
本発明に係る電気化学デバイス用電極は、本発明に係るバインダを含有することを特徴とする。上記バインダ以外には、既に説明した活物質、集電体および導電助剤を含んでいればよい。
本発明に係る電極用スラリーは、本発明に係るバインダ、導電助剤、活物質および水を含有する。本発明に係る電極用スラリーを集電体に塗布し、乾燥させることによって、電極用の合材を得ることができる。すなわち、本発明に係る電極用スラリーを集電体に塗布し、乾燥させることによって、当該集電体上に電極用の合材が存在する、本発明に係る電気化学デバイス用電極を製造することができる。
本発明に係る電気化学デバイスは、正極および負極を備え、正極と負極との間には、電解液を含んでいる。そして、上記正極および/または負極は上述した本発明に係る電気化学デバイス用電極である。また、電気化学デバイスには、正極と負極との短絡を防止するために、正極と負極との間にセパレータが配置されている。正極および負極にはそれぞれ集電体が備えられており、両集電体は電源に接続されている。この電源の操作によって充放電の切り替えがなされる。なお、〔2.電気化学デバイス用電極およびその製造方法、並びに、電極用スラリーおよび電極用の合材〕にて既に説明した事項については、以下では説明を省略する。
電解液は公知のものを用いればよく特に限定されるものではないが、非水系電解液を用いることができる。非水系電解液は、従来公知の電気化学デバイスに用いられる非水系電解液であればよく、イオン液体を用いることもできる。
本発明の電気化学デバイスでは、正極と負極との短絡を防止するため、これらの間にセパレータが備えられる。セパレータは公知のものを使用でき、特にされないが、具体的にはポリエチレンまたはポリプロピレン製フィルムの微多孔膜;多孔性のポリエチレンフィルムとポリプロピレンとの多層フィルム;ポリエステル繊維、アラミド繊維またはガラス繊維等からなる不織布が挙げられ、より好ましくは、それらの表面に、シリカ、アルミナ、チタニア等のセラミック微粒子を付着させたセパレータが挙げられる。
空隙率(%)=100-(セパレータの見掛け密度/材料固形分の真密度)×100
また、ガーレー透気度とは、JIS P 8117に規定されたガーレー試験機法による透気抵抗度である。
以下に示す材料を用い、以下に示す方法にて、電気化学デバイス用正極を作製した。
活物質:LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2(NMC)
導電助剤:炭素系導電助剤(当該炭素系導電助剤としては、カーボンブラックを用いた。)
バインダ:Alg-H
集電体:アルミ箔
<製造方法>
Alg-H、NMCおよび炭素系導電助剤を乳鉢に入れ、混合した。これに固形分濃度が約60重量%となるように水を添加して混練し、塗工液(スラリー)を調製した。得られた塗工液を集電体(アルミ箔)にドクターブレード法を用いて塗布した。その後、室温で放置後、50℃のホットプレート上にて加熱し、水分を除去し、乾燥させた。さらにその後、10Pa以下の減圧条件下、120℃にて数時間、塗工液を塗布した集電体を乾燥させることによって、合材電極シート(電気化学デバイス用電極)が得られた。
まず、5重量%のアルギン酸ナトリウム水溶液を調製した。また、活物質および炭素系導電助剤(カーボンブラック)を乳鉢に入れ、約10分間混合した。次に、NMCと炭素系導電助剤との混合物に、アルギン酸マグネシウム水溶液を加えた。ここで、活物質(NMC)、炭素系導電助剤およびアルギン酸ナトリウム水溶液を乾燥後の重量比(電極における含有比)がNMC:炭素系導電助剤:Alg-Na=90:8:2となるように混合し、スラリーの塗工液を作製した。ドクターブレードにより塗工液を集電体に塗布し、ホットプレート上で塗工液を80℃で10分程度加熱した。その後、集電体に塗布された塗工液を、100℃の温度雰囲気下、10-1Paの減圧下で12時間乾燥させ、電極5を得た。
バインダとして、アルギン酸ナトリウムの代わりにアルギン酸マグネシウム(Alg-Mg)を用いた以外は、製造例5と同様の方法にて、電極6を得た。その際の活物質(NMC)、炭素系導電助剤およびアルギン酸マグネシウム水溶液を乾燥後の重量比(電極における含有比)がNMC:炭素系導電助剤:Alg-Mg=90:8:2となるように混合した。
バインダとして、アルギン酸ナトリウムの代わりにCMCとSBRの混合物を用いた以外は、製造例5と同様の方法にて、正極6を得た。その際の活物質(NMC)、炭素系導電助剤および(CMC+SBR)の水溶液を乾燥後の重量比(電極における含有比)がNMC:炭素系導電助剤:(CMC+SBR)=90:8:2となるように混合した。また、CMCとSBRの重量比は、CMC:SBR=1:1とした。
バインダとしてAlg-Hの代わりにPVdFを用いた以外は、製造例1~4と同様の方法にて、電極を得た。
以下に示すスラリー(分散液)および上記製造例で作製した電極を用いて、その物性を測定した。
電極活物質としてNMC、バインダとしてAlg-H、アルギン酸ナトリウム(Alg-Na)、アルギン酸マグネシウム(Alg-Mg)、およびCMCを用いて以下に示す5種のスラリーを調製し、それぞれのpHを測定した。
スラリー2:0.1gのNMCに0.01gのAlg-Hを加えた後に、5.0gの水を添加して調製したスラリー;
スラリー3:0.1gのNMCに0.01gのAlg-Naを加えた後に、5.0gの水を添加して調製したスラリー;
スラリー4:0.1gのNMCに0.01gのAlg-Mgを加えた後に、5.0gの水を添加して調製したスラリー;
スラリー5:0.1gのNMCに0.01gのCMCを加えた後に、5.0gの水を添加して調製したスラリー。
製造例1~9にて製造した電極1~9を対象として、JIS-Z0237に準拠して電極の剥離試験を実施した。
製造例2にて作製した電極2と、製造例9にて作製した電極9を用いて、電極の構造変化の評価を行った。それぞれの電極を2cm×2cmに切り出し、電極の中央と4隅の各点における電極の厚みを、マイクロメーターを用いて測定した。続いて、それぞれの電極を電解液(LiPF6/EC+DMC、EC:エチレンカーボネート、DMC:ジメチルカルボネート)中に浸漬し、60℃にて1週間放置した。その後、再び、それぞれの電極について中央と4隅の各点における電極の厚みを、マイクロメーターを用いて測定した。図1は、電極の厚みを測定する位置を示す模式図である。上述の測定対象とした電極の中央と4隅の5点は、図1に示される点1~点5に対応する。
製造例2にて作製した電極2を用いて、評価用二極式ハーフセルを作製した。その構成を以下に示す。なお、電極2は直径12mmの大きさに打ち抜いて使用した。
正極:電極2(NMC:炭素系導電助剤:Alg-H=90:8:2)
電解液:1.0mol dm-3LiPF6/EC+DMC
負極:Li箔
セパレータ:ポリエチレン系
上で示した正極および負極を両側に配置し、両電極間にセパレータを配置し、電解液を注入して二電極式ハーフセルを作製した。
負極を黒鉛電極とした以外は、実施例1にて示した構成および方法と同一の構成および方法を用いてプロトタイプセルを作製した。
正極として電極2の代わりに、電極7(NMC:炭素系導電助剤:(CMC+SBR)=90:8:2)を用いた以外は、実施例1にて示した構成および方法と同一の構成および方法を用いて評価用二極式ハーフセルを作製した。
正極として電極2の代わりに、電極8(NMC:炭素系導電助剤:PVdF=88:10:2)を用いた以外は、実施例1にて示した構成および方法と同一の構成および方法を用いて評価用二極式ハーフセルを作製した。
正極として電極2の代わりに、電極8(NMC:炭素系導電助剤:PVdF=88:10:2)を用いた以外は、実施例2にて示した構成および方法と同一の構成および方法を用いてプロトタイプセルを作製した。
以下の測定条件にて、実施例1にて得られた評価用二極式ハーフセルの定電流充放電測定を行い、放電容量(Discharge capacity / mAh g-1)および充放電効率(Coulobmic efficiency / %)を測定することにより、充放電特性を測定した。
充電:定電流-定電圧(CC-CVモード。なお、CVモードでは電流値がCCモードでの設定電流値の10分の1になった時点で終了。)
放電:定電流(CCモード)
1時間率(1Cレート)=150mA/g
電圧範囲:3.0~4.2VvsLi/Li+
上記条件下にて、充電および放電をともに0.1Cレートにて1サイクル行い、その後、充電および放電をともに1.0Cレートにて50サイクル行った。
上で示した充放電特性評価1と同じ測定条件にて、実施例1にて作製した評価用二極式ハーフセル、比較例1にて作製した評価用二極式ハーフセル、および比較例2にて作製した評価用二極式ハーフセルを用いて、定電流充放電測定を行い、それらの放電容量(Discharge capacity / mAh g-1)を測定することにより、それぞれの充放電特性を比較した。
以下の条件下にて、実施例1にて得られた評価用二極式ハーフセル、および比較例2にて得られた評価用二極式ハーフセルを用いて、1.0~5.0Cにおけるそれらの放電容量(Discharge capacity / mAh g-1)を測定し、出力特性評価を行った。
充電:定電流-定電圧(CC-CVモード。なお、CVモードでは電流値がCCモードでの設定電流値の10分の1になった時点で終了。)
放電:定電流(CCモード)
1時間率(1Cレート)=150mA/g
電圧範囲:3.0~4.5VvsLi/Li+
上記条件下にて、充電および放電をともに0.1Cレートにて1サイクル行い、その後、充電レートおよび放電レートを1.0C、2.0C、3.0C、4.0C、5.0Cに設定し、放電容量を測定した。なお、各レートにおいて、5サイクルの充放電を行った。
以下の測定条件にて、実施例2にて作製したプロトタイプセルを用いて、定電流充放電測定を行い、放電容量(Discharge capacity / mAh g-1)および充放電効率(Coulobmic efficiency / %)を測定することにより、充放電特性を測定した。
充電:定電流-定電圧(CC-CVモード。なお、CVモードでは電流値がCCモードでの設定電流値の10分の1になった時点で終了。)
放電:定電流(CCモード)
1時間率(1Cレート)=150mA/g
電圧範囲:3.0~4.2VvsLi/Li+
上記条件下にて、充電および放電をともに0.1Cレートにて1サイクル行い、その後、充電および放電をともに1.0Cレートにて50サイクル行った。
1400サイクルの充放電を行った以外は、上述の<充放電特性評価3>の場合と、同一の構成を有するプロトタイプセルを用いて、同一の条件にて、定電流充放電測定を行い、放電容量(Discharge capacity / mAh g-1)および充放電効率(Coulobmic efficiency / %)を測定することにより、充放電特性を測定した。
上限作動電圧を4.5VvsLi/Li+にする(すなわち、電圧範囲を3.0~4.5VvsLi/Li+とする)こと以外は、上述の<充放電特性評価3>の場合と、同一の構成を有するプロトタイプセルを用いて、同一の条件にて、定電流充放電測定を行い、放電容量(Discharge capacity / mAh g-1)および充放電効率(Coulobmic efficiency / %)を測定することにより、充放電特性を測定した。
以下の条件下にて、実施例2にて得られたプロトタイプセル、および比較例3にて得られたプロトタイプセルを用いて、1.0~6.0Cにおけるそれらの放電容量(Discharge capacity / mAh g-1)を測定し、出力特性評価を行った。
充電:定電流-定電圧(CC-CVモード。なお、CVモードでは電流値がCCモードでの設定電流値の10分の1になった時点で終了。)
放電:定電流(CCモード)
1時間率(1Cレート)=150mA/g
電圧範囲:3.0~4.5VvsLi/Li+
上記条件下にて、充電および放電をともに0.1Cレートにて1サイクル行い、その後、充電レートおよび放電レートを1.0C、2.0C、3.0C、4.0C、5.0C、6.0Cに設定し、放電容量を測定した。
[評価用二極式ハーフセルの作製]
以下に示す材料を用い、以下に示す方法にて、電気化学デバイス用正極を作製した。
活物質:LiNi0.5Mn1.5O2(LNM)
導電助剤:カーボンブラック
バインダ:3重量%の酢酸水溶液中に、4重量%の濃度となるようにキトサンを添加したものをバインダとして使用した
集電体:アルミ箔
<製造方法>
LMN、カーボンブラック、およびバインダを、重量比がLNM:上記カーボンブラック:上記バインダ=89:8:3となるように乳鉢に入れ、混合した。これに固形分濃度が約60重量%となるように水を添加して混練し、塗工液(スラリー)を調製した。得られた塗工液を集電体(アルミ箔)にドクターブレード法を用いて塗布した。その後、室温で放置後、50℃のホットプレート上にて加熱し、水分を除去し、乾燥させた。さらにその後、10Pa以下の減圧条件下、120℃にて数時間、塗工液を塗布した集電体を乾燥させることによって、合材電極シート(電気化学デバイス用電極)が得られた。
以下の測定条件にて、実施例3にて作製された二電極式ハーフセルの充放電試験を行い、電圧と容量(Capacity / mAh g-1)を測定した。
充電:定電流-定電圧(CC-CVモード。なお、CVモードでは電流値がCCモードでの設定電流値の10分の1になった時点で終了。)
放電:定電流(CCモード)
1時間率(1Cレート)=150mA/g
電圧範囲:3.0~4.85VvsLi/Li+
上記条件下にて、充電および放電をともに0.1Cレートにて1サイクル行い、その後、充電および放電をともに1.0Cレートにて50サイクル行った。
Claims (10)
- 電気化学デバイス用電極の材料である活物質と導電助剤とを連結させるバインダであって、系内にプロトンを含有することを特徴とするバインダ。
- プロトンを有する極性官能基を備えた化合物を主成分として含有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のバインダ。
- 上記化合物がアルギン酸であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載のバインダ。
- 請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載のバインダ、導電助剤、活物質および水を含有することを特徴とする電極用スラリー。
- 固形分濃度が20~75重量%であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の電極用スラリー。
- 請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載のバインダを含有することを特徴とする電気化学デバイス用電極。
- 上記バインダの含有率が、活物質、導電助剤、およびバインダの乾燥重量の合計を100重量%としたときに、乾燥重量として1重量%以上10重量%以下であることを特徴とする、請求項6に記載の電気化学デバイス用電極。
- 正極および負極を備え、当該正極と当該負極との間に電解液を含む電気化学デバイスであって、
上記正極および/または負極は、請求項6または7に記載の電気化学デバイス用電極であることを特徴とする電気化学デバイス。 - 上記電気化学デバイスは、リチウムイオン二次電池であることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の電気化学デバイス。
- 請求項6または7に記載の電気化学デバイス用電極を製造する方法であって、
請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載のバインダと、電気化学デバイス用電極の材料である活物質と、導電助剤と、を混合し、混合物を得る工程Aと、
上記混合物と水とを混合し、固形分濃度が20~75重量%である電極用スラリーを得る工程Bと、を備えることを特徴とする方法。
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2016552167A JP6534143B2 (ja) | 2014-10-03 | 2015-10-01 | バインダおよびその利用、並びに電極の製造方法 |
US15/516,190 US20170309410A1 (en) | 2014-10-03 | 2015-10-01 | Binder, use thereof and method for producing electrode |
EP15846285.3A EP3203558B1 (en) | 2014-10-03 | 2015-10-01 | Binder, use thereof and method for producing electrode |
KR1020177011614A KR20170068492A (ko) | 2014-10-03 | 2015-10-01 | 바인더 및 그 이용과, 전극의 제조방법 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2014205270 | 2014-10-03 | ||
JP2014-205270 | 2014-10-03 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2016052715A1 true WO2016052715A1 (ja) | 2016-04-07 |
Family
ID=55630736
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2015/077987 WO2016052715A1 (ja) | 2014-10-03 | 2015-10-01 | バインダおよびその利用、並びに電極の製造方法 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20170309410A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP3203558B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6534143B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20170068492A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2016052715A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2020095466A1 (ja) * | 2018-11-07 | 2020-05-14 | Tpr株式会社 | バインダ |
WO2022131065A1 (ja) | 2020-12-14 | 2022-06-23 | 学校法人 関西大学 | 電気化学デバイス用電極および非水電解質二次電池 |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR102472912B1 (ko) * | 2016-10-11 | 2022-11-30 | 쥐알에스티 인터내셔널 리미티드 | 리튬이온전지용 캐소드 슬러리 |
WO2020046026A1 (ko) | 2018-08-31 | 2020-03-05 | 에스케이이노베이션 주식회사 | 바인더 분포가 최적화된 이차전지용 음극 및 이를 포함하는 이차전지 |
KR102262044B1 (ko) | 2018-08-31 | 2021-06-09 | 에스케이이노베이션 주식회사 | 바인더 분포가 최적화된 이차전지용 음극 및 이를 포함하는 이차전지 |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2001167755A (ja) * | 1999-12-07 | 2001-06-22 | Kansai Coke & Chem Co Ltd | 非水系二次電池用負極材およびその製造法 |
JP2011192644A (ja) * | 2010-02-22 | 2011-09-29 | Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd | 電極合剤、電極およびリチウム二次電池 |
JP2012256596A (ja) * | 2011-06-07 | 2012-12-27 | Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co Ltd | エネルギー貯蔵装置の電極を製造するためのバインダー組成物及びエネルギー貯蔵装置の電極製造方法 |
JP2013058365A (ja) * | 2011-09-07 | 2013-03-28 | Kansai Univ | 非水系ゲル電解質およびその製造方法、並びにその利用 |
JP2013145669A (ja) * | 2012-01-13 | 2013-07-25 | Hitachi Maxell Ltd | 非水電解液二次電池 |
JP2014123486A (ja) * | 2012-12-21 | 2014-07-03 | Gs Yuasa Corp | 鉛蓄電池 |
US20140193712A1 (en) * | 2010-05-03 | 2014-07-10 | Georgia Tech Research Corporation | Alginate-containing compositions for use in battery applications |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2013161832A (ja) * | 2012-02-01 | 2013-08-19 | Kansai Univ | バインダ、電極、電気化学キャパシタおよびリチウムイオン二次電池 |
JP2014026777A (ja) * | 2012-07-25 | 2014-02-06 | Toyota Motor Corp | 非水電解質二次電池と、該二次電池用の正極の製造方法 |
JP2015125972A (ja) * | 2013-12-27 | 2015-07-06 | 日立マクセル株式会社 | 非水電解液二次電池 |
-
2015
- 2015-10-01 KR KR1020177011614A patent/KR20170068492A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2015-10-01 WO PCT/JP2015/077987 patent/WO2016052715A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2015-10-01 JP JP2016552167A patent/JP6534143B2/ja active Active
- 2015-10-01 US US15/516,190 patent/US20170309410A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-10-01 EP EP15846285.3A patent/EP3203558B1/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2001167755A (ja) * | 1999-12-07 | 2001-06-22 | Kansai Coke & Chem Co Ltd | 非水系二次電池用負極材およびその製造法 |
JP2011192644A (ja) * | 2010-02-22 | 2011-09-29 | Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd | 電極合剤、電極およびリチウム二次電池 |
US20140193712A1 (en) * | 2010-05-03 | 2014-07-10 | Georgia Tech Research Corporation | Alginate-containing compositions for use in battery applications |
JP2012256596A (ja) * | 2011-06-07 | 2012-12-27 | Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co Ltd | エネルギー貯蔵装置の電極を製造するためのバインダー組成物及びエネルギー貯蔵装置の電極製造方法 |
JP2013058365A (ja) * | 2011-09-07 | 2013-03-28 | Kansai Univ | 非水系ゲル電解質およびその製造方法、並びにその利用 |
JP2013145669A (ja) * | 2012-01-13 | 2013-07-25 | Hitachi Maxell Ltd | 非水電解液二次電池 |
JP2014123486A (ja) * | 2012-12-21 | 2014-07-03 | Gs Yuasa Corp | 鉛蓄電池 |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2020095466A1 (ja) * | 2018-11-07 | 2020-05-14 | Tpr株式会社 | バインダ |
JP6739086B1 (ja) * | 2018-11-07 | 2020-08-12 | Tpr株式会社 | バインダ |
KR20210071086A (ko) | 2018-11-07 | 2021-06-15 | 티피알 가부시키가이샤 | 바인더 |
WO2022131065A1 (ja) | 2020-12-14 | 2022-06-23 | 学校法人 関西大学 | 電気化学デバイス用電極および非水電解質二次電池 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP6534143B2 (ja) | 2019-06-26 |
EP3203558B1 (en) | 2019-02-20 |
KR20170068492A (ko) | 2017-06-19 |
JPWO2016052715A1 (ja) | 2017-07-27 |
EP3203558A4 (en) | 2018-03-07 |
US20170309410A1 (en) | 2017-10-26 |
EP3203558A1 (en) | 2017-08-09 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP7135054B2 (ja) | 非水電解液二次電池とそのための正極シート | |
US10923707B2 (en) | Dry process method for producing electrodes for electrochemical devices and electrodes for electrochemical devices | |
Zhang et al. | Water-soluble polyacrylic acid as a binder for sulfur cathode in lithium-sulfur battery | |
Moretti et al. | Investigation of different binding agents for nanocrystalline anatase TiO2 anodes and its application in a novel, green lithium-ion battery | |
JP5930290B2 (ja) | リチウムイオン二次電池およびこれを含む電気機器 | |
WO2016052715A1 (ja) | バインダおよびその利用、並びに電極の製造方法 | |
JP6483386B2 (ja) | 電極、および電気化学キャパシタ | |
JP2013012410A (ja) | 非水電解質二次電池用正極材料及び非水電解質二次電池用正極材料の製造方法 | |
JP2016100094A (ja) | バインダ、バインダを含有する電極、および電気化学デバイス | |
WO2013018687A1 (ja) | 集電体、電極構造体、非水電解質電池及び蓄電部品 | |
JP2013161832A (ja) | バインダ、電極、電気化学キャパシタおよびリチウムイオン二次電池 | |
Li et al. | Kinetics and electrochemical evolution of binary silicon–polymer systems for lithium ion batteries | |
CN112219299A (zh) | 用于锂离子电池组的纤维素基自支撑膜 | |
CN111952670A (zh) | 一种具有宽工作温度范围的锂离子电池 | |
JP2013254698A (ja) | 二次電池用電極の製造方法及び非水系二次電池 | |
JP6156823B2 (ja) | バインダ、電極および電気化学デバイス | |
JP2019186266A (ja) | 蓄電デバイス | |
JP6578496B2 (ja) | 硫黄正極の製造方法 | |
JP4779327B2 (ja) | リチウム二次電池用電極およびこの電極を用いたリチウム二次電池 | |
JP4406832B2 (ja) | リチウム二次電池用電極とリチウム二次電池 | |
JP4370759B2 (ja) | 非水電解質電池 | |
CN104521037A (zh) | 蓄电装置用正极及其制造方法、蓄电装置用正极活性物质及其制造方法、以及蓄电装置 | |
JP7125043B2 (ja) | 硫黄正極及びリチウム硫黄固体電池 | |
WO2014077226A1 (ja) | 蓄電デバイス、およびそれに用いる電極並びに多孔質シート | |
Soundarrajan et al. | Dual application of non-fluorinated polymer: Influence on mitigating dendrite growth and structural integrity of high energy density lithium metal battery |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 15846285 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
DPE1 | Request for preliminary examination filed after expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed from 20040101) | ||
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2016552167 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
REEP | Request for entry into the european phase |
Ref document number: 2015846285 Country of ref document: EP |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20177011614 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 15516190 Country of ref document: US |