WO2016047757A1 - 高分散性アルカリ土類金属化合物微粉末、光学フィルム、画像表示装置及び高分散性アルカリ土類金属化合物微粉末の製造方法並びに微粉末分散性評価方法及び微粉末分散性評価装置 - Google Patents
高分散性アルカリ土類金属化合物微粉末、光学フィルム、画像表示装置及び高分散性アルカリ土類金属化合物微粉末の製造方法並びに微粉末分散性評価方法及び微粉末分散性評価装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016047757A1 WO2016047757A1 PCT/JP2015/077108 JP2015077108W WO2016047757A1 WO 2016047757 A1 WO2016047757 A1 WO 2016047757A1 JP 2015077108 W JP2015077108 W JP 2015077108W WO 2016047757 A1 WO2016047757 A1 WO 2016047757A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fine powder
- earth metal
- alkaline earth
- metal compound
- scattering
- Prior art date
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Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F11/00—Compounds of calcium, strontium, or barium
- C01F11/18—Carbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/10—Metal compounds
- C08K3/105—Compounds containing metals of Groups 1 to 3 or of Groups 11 to 13 of the Periodic Table
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/20—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by using diffraction of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating crystal structure; by using scattering of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating non-crystalline materials; by using reflection of the radiation by the materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/20—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by using diffraction of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating crystal structure; by using scattering of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating non-crystalline materials; by using reflection of the radiation by the materials
- G01N23/201—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by using diffraction of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating crystal structure; by using scattering of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating non-crystalline materials; by using reflection of the radiation by the materials by measuring small-angle scattering
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/72—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/30—Particle morphology extending in three dimensions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/61—Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/20—Powder free flowing behaviour
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a highly dispersible alkaline earth metal compound fine powder, an optical film, an image display device, a method for producing a highly dispersible alkaline earth metal compound fine powder, a fine powder dispersibility evaluation method, and a fine powder dispersibility evaluation device.
- a highly dispersible alkaline earth metal compound fine powder having a surfactant attached to the surface, an optical film, an image display device, a method for producing a highly dispersible alkaline earth metal compound fine powder, and a fine powder dispersibility evaluation method
- a fine powder dispersibility evaluation apparatus a highly dispersible alkaline earth metal compound fine powder having a surfactant attached to the surface, an optical film, an image display device, a method for producing a highly dispersible alkaline earth metal compound fine powder, and a fine powder dispersibility evaluation method
- a fine powder dispersibility evaluation apparatus a fine powder dispersibility evaluation apparatus.
- Metal fine particles are used for various purposes, and are dispersed in a solvent as necessary.
- acicular strontium carbonate particles have a negative birefringence, and function as an optical resin filler to control the birefringence of a resin having a positive birefringence. Therefore, strontium carbonate particles need to be highly dispersed and blended in the resin.
- the strontium carbonate particles are made finer in order to improve the transparency of the resin, the surface energy increases and the fine particles tend to aggregate, The transparency may be impaired, and the birefringence control effect may be reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to disperse and coat the surface of the strontium carbonate fine particles with a surfactant.
- Patent Document 1 describes organic-inorganic composite particles that can be dispersed as primary particles in a solvent and / or resin and have a plurality of different organic groups on the surface of the inorganic particles. Further, it is described that the strontium carbonate particles have an average particle size of 200 ⁇ m or less, preferably 3 nm to 10 ⁇ m. Furthermore, in the examples, the dispersibility of strontium carbonate particles is measured using a dynamic light scattering photometer in the state of a dispersion (solvent is cyclohexane, etc.), or the particles are strontium carbonate by X-ray diffraction (XRD). It is described that it was confirmed.
- XRD X-ray diffraction
- Patent Document 2 surface treatment is performed by a surface modification step in which carbonate fine particles are wet-treated with a surface modifier having a carboxylic acid group, and a dispersion step in which the modified fine particles are dispersed by a disperser in the presence of a dispersant.
- a method for treating the surface of the carbonate fine particles is described.
- the size of the carbonate fine particles it is described that the average equivalent circle diameter (Haywood diameter) estimated from the projected area of a transmission electron microscope (TEM) image is 80 nm.
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- the dispersibility of strontium carbonate fine particles is measured by a dynamic light scattering method using a dispersion (the solvent is ethanol).
- Patent Document 3 describes a method for producing strontium carbonate fine particles in which an aqueous solution of a strontium hydroxide compound and an alkali hydroxide are mixed and carbon dioxide gas is introduced into the mixture.
- strontium carbonate has a major axis of 15 to 2000 nm observed in a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and in the examples is in the range of 50 to 500 nm.
- Patent Document 4 describes a method in which the surface of a stoichiometric carbon atom is previously treated with a surfactant containing a hydrophilic group and a hydrophobic group and further having a group that forms an anion in water.
- acicular strontium carbonate powder having an average aspect ratio of 2.70 and an average length of 110 nm measured from an electron microscope image is described.
- the dispersion in which the acicular strontium carbonate powder is dispersed in methylene chloride is described as having an average particle diameter of 170 nm.
- JP 2011-236111 A (Claim 1, paragraph 0118, Examples, etc.)
- JP 2008-101051 A (Claim 1, paragraphs 0071, 0098, etc.)
- JP 2007-001796 A (Claims 1 and 6, paragraphs 0029 and 0030)
- International Publication No. 2012/111692 (Claim 1, paragraphs 0036 and 0037)
- the particle size distribution is measured with a dispersion obtained by adding the dry powder at the time of preparation of the strontium carbonate fine particles in an organic solvent, or observed with an electron microscope (SEM) photograph. It was necessary and time-consuming to evaluate. In addition, whether the surfactant completely covers the individual primary particles, whether the dispersion process can be performed reliably, and whether the amount of added surfactant is optimal is in a dry powder state. There was no way to judge.
- the present invention provides a highly dispersible alkaline earth metal compound fine powder having high dispersibility when dispersed in a solvent, an optical film, an image display device, and a method for producing a highly dispersible alkaline earth metal compound fine powder. With the goal.
- the present invention can evaluate the dispersibility when the alkaline earth metal compound fine powder is dispersed in the solvent in the powder state without actually dispersing the alkaline earth metal compound fine powder in the solvent. It is an object of the present invention to provide an alkaline earth metal compound fine powder dispersibility evaluation method and an alkaline earth metal compound fine powder dispersibility evaluation apparatus.
- the present inventors dispersed the fine powder in a solvent based on the result of measuring the alkaline earth metal compound fine powder in a powder state by a small angle X-ray scattering method. It was found that the dispersibility at the time can be estimated. Furthermore, as a result of evaluation by this small-angle X-ray scattering method, it was confirmed that a fine powder having a higher dispersion than before could be produced, and the present invention was completed. Further, the present inventors have found that the dispersibility when the fine powder is dispersed in a solvent can be inferred from the results of measuring the alkaline earth metal compound fine powder in the powder state by the small angle X-ray scattering method. The invention has been completed.
- the present invention provides a surfactant on the surface of alkaline earth metal compound fine particles having an alkaline earth metal as a main component, an average major axis of 10 to 100 nm and an average aspect ratio of 1.0 to 5.0.
- a finely dispersed alkaline earth metal compound fine powder having a scattering angle 2 ⁇ of 0.2 to 1.0 ° measured by irradiating with X-rays having a wavelength of 0.154 nm by a small angle X-ray scattering method It is a highly dispersible alkaline earth metal compound fine powder characterized by having a scattering peak in the scattering intensity within the range.
- the scattering angle 2 ⁇ is in the range of 0.4 to 0.7 °, and the calculated value of the interparticle distance d obtained from the scattering angle 2 ⁇ by the Bragg equation is in the range of 12.6 to 22.1 nm. It is preferable to be within.
- the alkaline earth metal compound is an alkaline earth metal carbonate.
- the alkaline earth metal carbonate is preferably strontium carbonate.
- the surfactant preferably contains a hydrophilic group and a hydrophobic group, and further has a group that forms an anion in water. In these cases, it is preferable that the surfactant is uniformly coated around the primary particles of the alkaline earth metal compound fine particles, and the alkaline earth metal compound fine particles are arranged at equal intervals.
- the present invention is an optical film characterized in that the highly dispersible alkaline earth metal compound fine powder described above is dispersed in a resin.
- the resin is polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, cellulose ester, polystyrene, styrene acrylonitrile copolymer, polyfumaric acid diester, polyarylate, polyether sulfone, polyolefin, maleimide copolymer, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, One or more types selected from the group consisting of polyimide, polyamide, and polyurethane are preferred.
- the present invention is an image display device comprising the optical film described above.
- the present invention is also a method for producing the above-described highly dispersible alkaline earth metal compound fine powder, wherein alkaline earth metal compound fine particles having an average major axis in the range of 10 to 100 nm are dispersed in an aqueous solvent. While dispersing the primary particles of the alkaline earth metal compound fine particles in the aqueous solvent by applying shear force to the first dispersion in the presence of the surfactant, the primary particles and the surfactant are dispersed.
- a highly dispersible alkaline earth comprising: a dispersion step of contacting to obtain a second dispersion; and a drying step of heating and drying the second dispersion at a temperature of 100 to 300 ° C. to form a powder. This is a method for producing a fine metal compound fine powder.
- the present invention is a fine powder dispersibility evaluation method for evaluating the dispersibility of an alkaline earth metal compound fine powder dispersed in a solvent in a powder state, wherein the alkaline earth metal is analyzed by a small angle X-ray scattering method.
- the said dispersibility estimation process estimates that the dispersibility of the said alkaline-earth metal compound fine powder in the said solvent is relatively high, when the said scattering peak is detected. Further, it is preferable that the scattering angle 2 ⁇ is in the range of 0.4 to 0.7 °.
- the present invention also relates to a fine powder dispersibility evaluation apparatus for evaluating dispersibility in a powder state when an alkaline earth metal compound fine powder is dispersed in a solvent, and the alkaline earth metal is analyzed by a small angle X-ray scattering method.
- X-ray irradiating means for irradiating compound fine powder with X-rays to obtain a spectrum of scattering intensity at a scattering angle in a predetermined range; and from the spectrum, the scattering intensity falls within a range of 0.2 to 1.0 °
- a scattering intensity analyzing means for analyzing whether or not it has a scattering peak; and a dispersibility estimating means for estimating the dispersibility of the alkaline earth metal compound fine powder in the solvent based on the detection result of the scattering peak. It is a fine powder dispersibility evaluation apparatus characterized by having.
- the said dispersibility estimation means estimates that the dispersibility of the said alkaline-earth metal compound fine powder in the said solvent is relatively high, when the said scattering peak is detected. Further, it is preferable that the scattering angle 2 ⁇ is in the range of 0.4 to 0.7 °.
- the dispersibility when the alkaline earth metal compound fine powder is dispersed in the solvent can be evaluated in the powder state without actually dispersing the alkaline earth metal compound fine powder in the solvent. It is possible to provide an alkaline earth metal compound fine powder dispersibility evaluation method and an alkaline earth metal compound fine powder dispersibility evaluation apparatus that can perform the above-described process.
- the highly dispersible alkaline earth metal compound fine powder of the present invention comprises an alkaline earth metal compound as a main component, an average major axis of 10 to 50 nm, and an average aspect ratio of 1.0 to
- the alkaline earth metal compound fine particles in the range of 5.0 are surface-treated with a surfactant. That is, it is a highly dispersible alkaline earth metal compound fine powder having a surfactant dispersed on the surface of the alkaline earth metal compound fine particles and having high dispersibility when dispersed in a solvent.
- Alkaline earth metal compound fine particles (before surface treatment)
- the alkaline earth metal compound fine particles before the surface treatment with the surfactant have an average major axis in the range of 10 to 100 nm, preferably in the range of 15 to 40 nm, and more preferably in the range of 20 to 30 nm. If the average major axis is less than 10 nm, the particles are too small to easily aggregate and the dispersibility tends to deteriorate. On the other hand, if the average major axis exceeds 50 nm, the particles are too large and the transparency tends to deteriorate when mixed with the resin.
- the average major axis can be measured by visually or automatically image-processing a scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of alkaline earth metal compound fine particles.
- the major axis of the alkaline earth metal compound fine particles can be measured as the length in the longitudinal direction (long side length) when the alkaline earth metal compound particles such as strontium carbonate particles are regarded as rectangular.
- the short diameter of the alkaline earth metal compound particles can be measured as the length in the short direction (length of the short side) when the alkaline earth metal compound particles are regarded as rectangular. Specifically, a rectangle that circumscribes the alkaline earth metal compound particles in the image and has the smallest area is calculated, and the major axis and minor axis are obtained from the lengths of the long side and the short side.
- “average” means an average value obtained by measuring a statistically reliable number (N number) of alkaline earth metal compounds, and the number is usually 300 or more, Preferably it is 500 or more, more preferably 1000 or more.
- the average aspect ratio of the alkaline earth metal compound fine particles is in the range of 1.0 to 5.0, preferably in the range of 2.0 to 4.5, particularly in the range of 2.5 to 4.0. Is preferred .
- the average aspect ratio is greater than 5.0, the fine particles are easily broken too elongated, it tends to lead to a worsening of the particle size distribution. If the aspect ratio is too small, the effect of controlling birefringence may not be exhibited.
- the aspect ratio here means “major axis / minor axis” of the particle.
- the average aspect ratio means an average value of the aspect ratio, and the average value of a plurality of particles is calculated by measuring the aspect ratio of one particle.
- alkaline earth metal compound fine particles examples include alkaline earth metal carbonates, sulfates, nitrates, oxides, chlorides, hydroxides, and the like.
- alkaline earth metal examples include calcium, strontium, barium, and radium.
- examples of the alkaline earth metal compound fine particles include calcium carbonate fine particles, strontium carbonate fine particles, and barium carbonate fine particles. Of these, strontium carbonate fine particles are preferred from the viewpoint of controlling birefringence in applications such as optical resin fillers.
- the surfactant used in the present invention has a function of improving the dispersibility in a solvent by adhering to the surface of the alkaline earth metal compound fine particles.
- the type of the surfactant is not particularly limited, but an anionic surfactant is preferable.
- a compound containing a hydrophilic group and a hydrophobic group and further having a group that forms an anion in water is preferable.
- the hydrophilic group is preferably a polyoxyalkylene group containing an oxyalkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- the hydrophobic group is preferably an alkyl group or an aryl group.
- the alkyl group and aryl group may have a substituent.
- the alkyl group generally has 3 to 30 carbon atoms, and preferably 10 to 18 carbon atoms.
- An aryl group generally has 6 to 30 carbon atoms.
- the group that forms an anion in water is selected from the group consisting of a carboxylic acid group (—COOH), a sulfuric acid group (—OSO 3 H), and a phosphoric acid group (—OPO (OH) 2 , —OPO (OH) O—). It is preferably an acid group.
- the hydrogen atom of these acid groups may be substituted with an alkali metal ion such as sodium or potassium or an ammonium ion.
- polycarboxylic acid-based anionic surfactants since the dispersibility of the alkaline earth metal compound fine particles in the solvent is good, polycarboxylic acid-based anionic surfactants, polyphosphoric acid-based anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants Any one or more are preferable.
- polycarboxylic acid anionic surfactant examples include compounds represented by the following formula (I).
- R 1 represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group
- E 1 represents an alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms
- a represents 1 It means a number in the range of ⁇ 20, preferably in the range of 2 to 6.
- R 1 is preferably an alkyl group having 10 or more carbon atoms, preferably in the range of 10 to 18.
- polyphosphate anionic surfactant examples include a compound (mono-form) represented by the following formula (II), a compound (di-form) represented by the following formula (III), or a formula (II) And mixtures of formula (III).
- R 2 represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group
- E 2 represents an alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms
- b represents 1 Means a number in the range of ⁇ 20, preferably in the range of 2 to 6.
- R 2 is preferably an alkyl group having 10 or more carbon atoms, preferably in the range of 10 to 18.
- R 3 and R 4 may be the same or different, meaning a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and E 3 and E 4 may be the same or different.
- the number of carbon atoms refers to an alkylene group in the range of 1-8, the range of each c and d 1 ⁇ 20, preferably means a number in the range of 2-6.
- the R 3 R 4 is preferably an alkyl group having 10 or more carbon atoms, preferably 10 to 18 carbon atoms.
- nonionic surfactants examples include compounds represented by the following formula (IV).
- R 5 represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group
- E 5 and E 6 both represent an alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- E and f each represent a number within the range of 1 to 20, preferably within the range of 2 to 6.
- R 5 has 10 or more carbon atoms, preferably within the range of 10 to 18. It is preferably an alkyl group.
- the surfactant may be used alone or in combination of two or more with respect to the alkaline earth metal compound fine powder. Further, the surfactant may be attached only to one layer on the surface of the alkaline earth metal compound fine powder, or two or more layers may be attached. When two or more layers are attached, the same surfactant may be used for each layer, or different surfactants may be used for each layer. Whether the surfactant is attached to the surface of the alkaline earth metal compound fine powder is determined by measuring the infrared absorption spectrum of the particle surface using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR). Can be confirmed.
- FT-IR Fourier transform infrared spectrometer
- the small-angle X-ray scattering method is usually used for evaluating periodicity and orientation at a molecular level of about 1 to 100 nm.
- Measurement by SAXS method is an X-ray structure evaluation device (small angle X-ray scattering measurement device) that can evaluate from the molecular level structure (1 to 100 nm macro structure) to the atomic level structure (0.2 to 1 nm microstructure). ) Can be used.
- the following items (1) to (3) can be analyzed and analyzed.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a spectrum of a highly dispersible strontium carbonate fine powder measured by a small angle X-ray scattering method
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a spectrum of a strontium carbonate fine powder having low dispersibility.
- the vertical axis indicates the scattering intensity
- the horizontal axis indicates the scattering angle 2 ⁇ .
- the highly dispersible alkaline earth metal compound fine powder of the present invention may have a scattering peak (maximum) in the scattering intensity within a scattering angle 2 ⁇ of 0.2 to 1.0 °. You can see (the part circled by the broken line in the figure).
- FIG. 2 it can be seen that the strontium carbonate fine powder having low dispersibility does not have a scattering peak in the scattering intensity when the scattering angle 2 ⁇ is in the range of 0.2 to 1.0 °.
- the scattering peak of the small-angle X-ray scattering measurement method will be described in detail in “3. Fine powder dispersibility evaluation method and fine powder dispersibility evaluation apparatus” described later.
- the calculated value of the interparticle distance d obtained from the above scattering angle 2 ⁇ by the Bragg equation is preferably within the range of 14 to 20 nm.
- the interparticle distance d is less than 14 nm, it is considered that the cohesive force between the particles is high.
- the addition amount of the surfactant is too small, the particles are too close to each other, and are difficult to disperse when dispersed in a solvent.
- the interparticle distance d exceeds 21 nm, the added amount of the surfactant may be excessive, or the particles may be too far apart to disperse in a solvent.
- the particles are kept in a certain periodic interval in a fine powder state. Arranged. In other words, the primary particles are completely covered with the surfactant. When the fine powder in such a state is added to the solvent, the primary particles are completely surface-treated, so that the particles are easily dispersed in the solvent.
- the dispersibility when dispersed in a solvent can be predicted. Therefore, it is possible to evaluate the dispersibility in the state of the dry fine powder without actually measuring the particle size distribution in the state of the dispersion by actually dispersing the fine powder in the solvent as in the past, reducing the evaluation effort. can do.
- the highly dispersible alkaline earth metal compound fine powder of the present invention has a scattering peak as described above.
- the highly dispersible alkaline earth metal in addition to the type and concentration of the surfactant, the highly dispersible alkaline earth metal
- the production conditions of the metal compound fine powder also have an effect.
- a method for producing a highly dispersible alkaline earth metal compound fine powder will be described.
- the method for producing a highly dispersible alkaline earth metal compound fine powder of the present invention is such that alkaline earth metal compound particles having an average major axis in the range of 10 to 100 nm are aqueous. While obtaining a dispersion liquid (first dispersion liquid) dispersed in a solvent and applying a shearing force in the presence of a surfactant, the primary particles of the alkaline earth metal compound particles are dispersed in the aqueous solvent.
- the method for producing the alkaline earth metal compound fine powder before the surface treatment is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method of reacting an alkaline earth metal compound as a raw material to produce an aqueous slurry and aging this. Can do.
- Reaction step While stirring an aqueous solution or aqueous suspension (hereinafter referred to as an aqueous slurry) of strontium hydroxide as a raw material, carbon dioxide gas is introduced in the presence of a crystal growth inhibitor to carbonate strontium hydroxide.
- concentration of strontium hydroxide contained in the aqueous slurry is not particularly limited, but is usually in the range of 1 to 20% by mass, preferably in the range of 2 to 18% by mass, more preferably in the range of 3 to 15% by mass. It is.
- the crystal growth inhibitor is preferably an organic acid having 2 carboxyl groups and 3 to 6 hydroxyl groups in total.
- Preferable examples of the crystal growth inhibitor include tartaric acid, malic acid and tartronic acid.
- an organic acid having two carboxyl groups and a hydroxyl group, and a total of at least three, can be used. From the viewpoint of improving dispersibility while being fine, dicarboxylic acid having one or more hydroxyl groups in the molecule or an anhydride thereof is more preferable, and DL-tartaric acid is particularly preferable.
- the amount of the crystal growth inhibitor used is generally in the range of 0.1 to 20 parts by mass, preferably in the range of 1 to 10 parts by mass, with respect to 100 parts by mass of strontium hydroxide.
- the flow rate of carbon dioxide gas is usually in the range of 0.5 to 200 mL / min, and preferably in the range of 0.5 to 100 mL / min, with respect to 1 g of strontium hydroxide.
- the reaction step for example, fine spherical strontium carbonate fine particles having an average aspect ratio lower than 1.5 and nearly spherical can be obtained.
- the manufacturing method of spherical strontium carbonate fine particles is described in international publication 2011/052680.
- the aging process is a process in which the aqueous slurry containing the spherical strontium carbonate fine particles obtained in the reaction process is aged at a predetermined temperature and time to grow into acicular strontium carbonate fine particles.
- the aging step can be performed in warm water.
- the aging temperature is in the range of 75 to 115 ° C, preferably in the range of 80 to 110 ° C, and particularly preferably in the range of 85 to 105 ° C.
- the aging time is not particularly limited, but is usually in the range of 1 to 100 hours, preferably in the range of 5 to 50 hours, and particularly preferably in the range of 10 to 30 hours.
- reaction step and “(2) aging step” are steps for obtaining acicular strontium carbonate fine particles from strontium hydroxide as a raw material, and it is possible to obtain strontium carbonate fine particles as a commercial product. If possible, a commercially available product may be used.
- surface treatment step primary particles are dispersed by applying shearing force to a dispersion in which strontium carbonate fine particles having an average major axis in the range of 10 to 100 nm are dispersed in an aqueous solvent.
- a highly dispersible strontium carbonate is obtained by contacting with a surfactant.
- the surfactant those described above can be used.
- the dispersion used in the surface treatment step may be an aqueous slurry after the aging step when the aging step is performed, or a dispersion obtained by dispersing this in an aqueous solution when using commercially available strontium carbonate fine particles.
- the surface treatment step can be performed by adding a surfactant to the dispersion while applying a shearing force.
- the content of strontium carbonate particles in the aqueous slurry is preferably in the range of 1 to 30% by mass.
- the total amount of surfactant added to the aqueous slurry is generally in the range of 1 to 60% by mass, preferably in the range of 10 to 50% by mass, and in the range of 20 to 40% by mass. Is more preferable.
- the application of the shearing force can be performed using a known stirring device such as a stirring blade mixer, a homomixer, a magnetic stirrer, an air stirrer, an ultrasonic homogenizer, a clear mix, and a fill mix.
- the amount of each surfactant added to the aqueous slurry is generally 1 to 40 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the strontium carbonate particles in the aqueous slurry.
- the range is preferably 3 to 30 parts by mass.
- Surfactants can be added simultaneously or sequentially.
- the aqueous slurry obtained in the above “(3) surface treatment step” is dried by heating at a temperature within the range of 100 to 300 ° C. to obtain a dried product of highly dispersible strontium carbonate fine powder. It is the process of obtaining.
- the drying temperature is preferably within the range of 110 to 180 ° C, and more preferably within the range of 120 to 160 ° C.
- the drying step can be performed by a known drying method using a thermal dryer such as a spray dryer, a drum dryer, or a disk dryer.
- the highly dispersible alkaline earth metal compound fine powder of the present invention is excellent in dispersibility when dispersed in a solvent, it can be used in various applications.
- a highly dispersible fine powder of strontium carbonate can be used for the purpose of suppressing birefringence or intentionally developing birefringence.
- Examples of such applications include optical films for liquid crystal display devices.
- the optical film include a protective film, an antireflection film, a brightness enhancement film, a prism film, a viewing angle improvement film, and a retardation film.
- the resin material for the film include triacetyl cellulose, polyethylene terephthalate, polycyclic olefin, polycarbonate, and polymethyl methacrylate.
- the optical film is produced by mixing strontium carbonate fine powder into a resin material as a filler, forming a film by a known method such as a solution casting film forming method or a melt extrusion method, and performing a stretching treatment as necessary. be able to.
- the solvent in which the highly dispersible alkaline earth metal compound fine powder of the present invention is dispersed is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected depending on the application.
- the type of such solvent is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected and used depending on the properties of the resin.
- the solvent are preferably organic solvents, and examples of the organic solvent include alcohols (eg, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, ethylene glycol), methylene chloride, NMP, tetrahydrofuran, MEK, Examples thereof include ethyl acetate, cyclohexane, and toluene.
- methylene chloride is particularly preferred. It is possible to use not only the above one type but also a plurality of combinations.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the flow of the fine powder dispersibility evaluation method of the present invention.
- the fine powder dispersibility evaluation method of the present invention is a fine powder dispersibility evaluation method for evaluating the dispersibility in a powder state when an alkaline earth metal compound fine powder is dispersed in a solvent.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the fine powder dispersibility evaluation apparatus of the present invention.
- the fine powder dispersibility evaluation apparatus 1 includes a light source control unit 11, an X-ray irradiation unit 12, an X-ray detection unit 13, a spectrum generation unit 14, a scattering peak detection unit 15, and a dispersibility estimation unit 16. It is a major component.
- the light source control unit 11, the X-ray irradiation unit 12, the X-ray detection unit 13, and the spectrum generation unit 14 are means for performing the X-ray irradiation process (S1) of the present invention, and the scattering peak detection unit 15 is the
- the means for performing the scattering intensity analysis step (S2), and the dispersibility estimation unit 16 is a means for performing the dispersibility estimation step (S3) of the present invention.
- the light source control unit 11 is means for controlling the X-ray irradiation amount in the X-ray irradiation unit 12.
- the X-ray irradiation unit 12 is means for irradiating the sample S with X-rays.
- the X-ray irradiation unit 12 has an X-ray tube (not shown) for irradiating X-rays.
- the X-ray tube is a tube that generates, for example, Cu K ⁇ rays, and receives a control signal from the light source control unit 11 and irradiates X-rays having a wavelength of 1 nm or less.
- the sample S is placed on a stage (not shown) and is arranged to be irradiated with X-rays from the X-ray irradiation unit 12. A part of the X-rays irradiated to the sample S is scattered.
- the X-ray detector 13 is a means for detecting the intensity (scattering intensity) of small-angle X-rays (small-angle X-rays) among X-rays scattered from the sample S.
- the small-angle X-ray detected by the X-ray detection unit 13 is not particularly limited, but usually 2 ⁇ is 10 ° or less.
- the stage on which the sample S is placed can change the tilt angle.
- the scattering angle 2 ⁇ By irradiating X-rays while changing the tilt angle of the stage, the scattering angle 2 ⁇ can be changed and the scattering intensity can be measured. .
- Small-angle X-rays detected by the X-ray detection unit 13 are recorded as a scattering intensity and a 2 ⁇ spectrum by the spectrum generation unit 14.
- the scattering peak detector 15 analyzes whether the scattering angle 2 ⁇ has a scattering peak of scattering intensity within the range of 0.2 to 1.0 ° from the spectrum profile generated by the spectrum generator 14. It is means of.
- the dispersibility estimation unit 16 determines that the dispersibility of the sample S is high when the scattering peak detection unit 15 detects the scattering peak, and determines that the dispersibility of the sample S is low when no peak is detected. It is a means to do.
- the spectrum generation unit 14, the scattering peak detection unit 15, and the dispersibility estimation unit 16 are, for example, known hardware such as a central processing unit (CPU) and a storage device (hard disk, memory), software stored in the storage device, Can be used.
- CPU central processing unit
- storage device hard disk, memory
- software stored in the storage device Can be used.
- the spectrum generation unit 14 is realized by, for example, software that stores an X-ray intensity signal transmitted from the X-ray detection unit 13 in a storage device as a profile of scattering intensity and 2 ⁇ , and a central processing unit that executes the software. Can do. Thereby, the data of the scattering intensity sequentially transmitted from the X-ray detection unit 13 is stored in the storage device as spectrum data together with the information of the scattering angle 2 ⁇ calculated from the angle of the stage, and is displayed on a display device (not shown). It is possible.
- the scattering peak detection unit 15 executes software for determining whether or not there is a maximum value of the scattering intensity within the range of 2 ⁇ of 0.2 to 1.0 ° from the spectrum generated by the spectrum generation unit 14. And a central processing unit.
- the software a known algorithm for calculating a maximum value by a differential method can be used. Accordingly, it is possible to automatically detect whether or not there is a scattering peak of the scattering intensity within the range where the scattering angle 2 ⁇ is 0.2 to 1.0 °.
- the dispersibility estimating unit 16 executes software that notifies at least one of high dispersibility when a scattering peak is detected and low dispersibility when a scattering peak is not detected, and executes this. This can be realized by a central processing unit. For example, when a scattering peak is detected, a message indicating that the dispersibility is high may be displayed on the screen. Conversely, when a scattering peak is not detected, a message indicating that the scattering property is low is displayed on the screen. You may make it do.
- the strontium carbonate fine powder having high dispersibility has a scattering peak (maximum) in the scattering intensity within a scattering angle 2 ⁇ of 0.2 to 1.0 ° (FIG. 1). The part surrounded by a dashed circle inside).
- FIG. 2 it can be seen that the strontium carbonate fine powder having low dispersibility does not have a scattering peak in the scattering intensity when the scattering angle 2 ⁇ is in the range of 0.2 to 1.0 °.
- the fact that a scattering peak is detected within the range of 0.2 to 1.0 ° means that the fine particles are kept at a certain distance and are regularly arranged at a certain period. It means that
- the particles are in a certain periodic state in a fine powder state. They are arranged with a certain interval. When the fine powder in such a state is added to the solvent, the particles are easily dispersed in the solvent. By evaluating the presence or absence of the above scattering peak measured in a fine powder state, the dispersibility when dispersed in a solvent can be predicted. Therefore, it is possible to evaluate the dispersibility in the state of the dry fine powder without actually measuring the particle size distribution in the state of the dispersion by actually dispersing the fine powder in the solvent as in the past, reducing the evaluation effort. can do.
- various alkaline earth metal compound fine powders, dispersibility indicators (for example, wettability of powder) measured by actually dispersing these in various solvents, and scattering intensity at the scattering peak are measured in advance.
- the result type of alkaline earth metal compound fine powder, type of solvent, dispersibility index, scattering intensity
- the alkaline earth metal compound fine powder and the solvent to be measured are selected from the database, and the numerical value of the dispersibility index is automatically extracted from the dispersion intensity value of the dispersion peak of the spectrum obtained by the measurement. You may do it. By doing in this way, it becomes possible to more accurately evaluate dispersibility as a specific index from the type of alkaline earth metal compound fine powder and the type of solvent.
- the fine powder dispersibility evaluation method of the present invention uses an X-ray irradiation step (S 1), a scattering intensity analysis step (S 2), a dispersibility estimation step (S3) with one apparatus, some processes may be performed manually, or some processes may be performed with another apparatus.
- a scattering peak is automatically obtained by using a commercially available small angle X-ray scattering apparatus. It is also possible to manually detect and manually determine the dispersibility estimation step (S3) from the result of the presence or absence of a scattering peak.
- X-ray irradiation process S1
- spectral data is acquired using the commercially available small angle X-ray scattering apparatus, and scattering intensity
- the detection of the scattering peak and the estimation of the dispersibility are performed using a general personal computer or the like from the spectrum data obtained by the small angle X-ray scattering device. Is also possible.
- the interparticle distance d is preferably calculated from the scattering angle 2 ⁇ by the Bragg equation.
- the interparticle distance d When the interparticle distance d is small, it is considered that the cohesive force between the particles is high. That is, the particles are too close to each other, or the amount of the surfactant adhering to the particle surface is too small, making it difficult to disperse when dispersed in a solvent. On the other hand, when the inter-particle distance d is large, the particles are too far apart and the regularity is low, or the amount of the surface-active agent attached to the particle surface is excessive, and the dispersibility is poor when dispersed in a solvent. Prone. Thus, by measuring the inter-particle distance d, it is possible to evaluate whether the dispersibility is good or bad.
- the preferred interparticle distance d is usually in the range of 10 nm to 30 nm for nanoparticles having a major axis of 50 nm or less.
- a scattering peak is not observed by the measurement in this invention, and d value cannot be calculated
- the highly dispersible alkaline earth metal compound fine powder of the present invention can be mixed with a resin to form a resin composition, which can be formed into an optical film.
- a resin composition which can be formed into an optical film.
- the optical film will be described.
- the resin contained in the resin composition is not particularly limited as long as it is a resin used for a normal optical film, and various resins can be selected according to the purpose.
- resins include cellulose esters such as polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, and triacetyl cellulose, polystyrene, styrene acrylonitrile copolymer, polyfumaric acid diester, polyarylate, polyether sulfone, polyolefins such as polycyclic olefin, and maleimide copolymers.
- cellulose esters such as polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, and triacetyl cellulose
- polystyrene, styrene acrylonitrile copolymer polyfumaric acid diester
- polyarylate polyether sulfone
- polyolefins such as polycyclic olefin
- maleimide copolymers One or more types selected from the group consisting of a polymer,
- the content of the alkaline earth metal compound fine powder with respect to the entire resin composition is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 50% by mass.
- the content of the alkaline earth metal compound fine powder is less than 0.1% by mass, the birefringence control effect by the alkaline earth metal compound fine powder becomes too small.
- the content of the alkaline earth metal compound fine powder exceeds 50% by mass, the ratio of the alkaline earth metal compound fine powder to the resin becomes relatively large, so that the film formed has poor transparency.
- the content of the alkaline earth metal compound fine powder with respect to the entire resin composition is more preferably within a range of 0.5 to 40% by mass, and particularly preferably within a range of 1 to 35% by mass.
- a resin composition can be obtained by mixing the above resin and alkaline earth metal compound fine powder.
- the alkaline earth metal compound fine powder and the resin can be mixed by a known method such as a method using an ultrasonic homogenizer, a stirring blade, or a liquid jet mill.
- an optical film may be formed by adjusting a dope solution obtained by mixing a resin composition and an appropriate solvent.
- the type of such solvent is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected and used depending on the properties of the resin.
- the solvent are preferably organic solvents, and examples of the organic solvent include alcohols (eg, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, ethylene glycol), methylene chloride, NMP, tetrahydrofuran, MEK, Examples thereof include ethyl acetate, cyclohexane, and toluene.
- methylene chloride is particularly preferred. It is possible to use not only the above one type but also a plurality of combinations.
- the ratio of the resin to the solvent is preferably in the range of 1:10 to 10: 1 by mass ratio.
- the dope solution may be obtained by mixing a resin and a solvent to obtain a resin mixed solution, and adding and mixing the alkaline earth metal compound fine powder, or mixing the alkaline earth metal compound fine powder and the solvent. You may make it a powder mixed solution and add and mix resin. Furthermore, the resin mixed solution and the powder mixed solution described above may be prepared and mixed to form a dope solution.
- the alkaline earth metal compound fine powder, the resin and the solvent can be mixed by a known method such as a method using an ultrasonic homogenizer, a stirring blade, or a liquid jet mill.
- the resin composition or dope solution can be formed into an optical film by a known method.
- the film forming method include known film forming methods such as the above-described melt extrusion film forming method and solution casting film forming method.
- the melt extrusion film forming method is a method in which a resin composition is heated and melted to form a melt, which is cast into a film on a support and cooled and solidified.
- the solution casting film forming method is a method of casting a dope solution on a support and evaporating the solvent to form a film.
- a Benard cell structure may be formed.
- the alkaline earth metal compound fine powder aggregates to deteriorate the transparency of the optical film. Further, this aggregation reduces the birefringence adjusting action by the alkaline earth metal compound fine powder. Therefore, it is preferable to add a surface modifier to the resin composition or the dope solution for the purpose of improving the wettability with the support and suppressing the formation of Benard cells.
- a surface modifier include vinyl surfactants, fluorine surfactants, and silicone oil.
- the film after film formation can be appropriately stretched according to the application.
- the stretching method include uniaxial stretching and biaxial stretching.
- Biaxial stretching can be sequential or simultaneous stretching. Stretching can be performed using a known stretching apparatus such as a tenter.
- the optical film thus obtained contains fine and highly dispersed alkaline earth metal compound fine powder, it is excellent in transparency, and the alkaline earth metal compound fine powder of the entire optical film is excellent.
- the birefringence of the optical film itself can be adjusted. Since the alkaline earth metal compound fine powder itself exhibits negative birefringence, the birefringence of the optical film can be adjusted according to the intended use of the optical film.
- an optical film having a birefringence close to zero can be obtained by offsetting the intrinsic birefringence of the resin. can do.
- An example of such an optical film is a protective film.
- the protective film include a normal protective film laminated on the surface of the polarizing plate, and a polarizer protective film that is directly laminated on the surface of the polarizer to protect the polarizer.
- an optical film having positive birefringence may be obtained by adding a small amount of alkaline earth metal compound fine powder to a resin exhibiting positive birefringence such as polycarbonate or polycyclic olefin.
- an optical film having negative birefringence may be obtained by adding a large amount of fine alkaline earth metal compound powder to the resin exhibiting positive birefringence.
- birefringence means the value of the in-plane birefringence ( ⁇ Nxy) described above.
- Examples of the optical film exhibiting such positive or negative in-plane birefringence include a retardation film. Examples of the retardation film include a quarter wavelength plate and a half wavelength plate.
- an optical film exhibiting a negative birefringence can be obtained.
- An example of such an optical film is a retardation film.
- the retardation film include a quarter wavelength plate and a half wavelength plate.
- optical film of the present invention examples include an antireflection film, an antiglare film, a brightness enhancement film, a prism film, and a viewing angle improvement film in addition to a retardation film and a protective film.
- the haze of the optical film can be 10% or less, preferably 5% or less, and more preferably 1% or less.
- the haze can be intentionally deteriorated depending on the use of the optical film. For example, by adding light-scattering fine particles such as glass beads in the resin composition, the haze may be deteriorated to form an antiglare film.
- the light transmittance of an optical film can be 85% or more, Preferably it is 88% or more, More preferably, it can be 90% or more.
- the optical film of the present invention can be laminated with other optical films to form an optical laminate.
- other optical films include a polarizing film (also referred to as a polarizer), a substrate film, and the like.
- a polarizing film also referred to as a polarizer
- a substrate film As an optical laminate, a polarizing plate in which a protective film and a polarizing film as an optical film of the present invention are laminated, an elliptical polarizing plate in which a retardation film and a polarizing film as an optical film of the present invention are laminated
- Examples of the optical film of the invention include a retardation plate in which a retardation film and a base film are laminated.
- Image display device The image display device of the present invention is provided with the optical film of the present invention.
- the image display device include a liquid crystal display device (LCD) and an organic electroluminescence display device.
- Examples of the use of the image display device include a portable information terminal such as a television, a computer monitor, a mobile phone, a smartphone, and a PDA.
- Surfactant A Polycarboxylic acid anionic surfactant (polymaleic anhydride-polyoxyethylene ester copolymer)
- Surfactant B Polycarboxylic acid anionic surfactant (in the above chemical formula (I), R 1 is an alkyl group having 13 carbon atoms, E 1 is C 2 H 4 , and a is an average polymer of 9.3)
- Surfactant C polycarboxylic acid anionic surfactant (in the above chemical formula (I), R 1 is an alkyl group having 12 carbon atoms, E 1 is C 2 H 4 , and a is an average 2.3 polymer)
- Surfactant D Polycarboxylic acid anionic surfactant (in the above chemical formula (I), R 1 is an alkyl group having 18 carbon atoms, E 1 is C 2 H 4 , and a is an average 2 polymer)
- Surfactant E Polyphosphate anionic surfactant (a mixture of the above chemical formula (
- Example 1 Production of strontium carbonate microparticles (a) Reaction process DL-tartaric acid (special grade reagent, purity: 99% or more) was added to 3 L of pure water having a water temperature of 10 ° C. and dissolved in an aqueous suspension by stirring. . 366 g of strontium hydroxide octahydrate (special grade reagent, purity: 96% or more) was added and mixed to prepare an aqueous suspension of strontium hydroxide having a concentration of 5.6% by mass.
- DL-tartaric acid special grade reagent, purity: 99% or more
- Example 2 In “(a) Surface treatment step” of Example 1, surfactant C was added and dissolved so as to be 30% by mass, and one kind of surfactant was laminated on the surface of the strontium carbonate particles. Similar to Example 1, small-angle X-ray measurement and average major axis by particle size distribution were measured. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
- Example 3 In “(a) surface treatment step” of Example 1, surfactant E was added and dissolved so as to be 30% by mass, and one kind of surfactant was laminated on the surface of the strontium carbonate particles. The average major axis and the like were measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
- Example 4 In “(a) Surface treatment step” of Example 1, surfactant D was added and dissolved so as to be 30% by mass, and one type of surfactant was laminated on the surface of the strontium carbonate particles. The average major axis and the like were measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
- Example 5 In “(1) Production of strontium carbonate fine particles” in Example 1, strontium carbonate fine particles having an average major axis of 20 nm were used, and in “(a) Surface treatment step”, the surfactant D was 47% by mass. One type of surfactant was laminated on the surface of the strontium carbonate particles by adding and dissolving. The average major axis and the like were measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
- Example 6 In “(1) Production of strontium carbonate fine particles” of Example 1, strontium carbonate fine particles having an average major axis of 20 nm were used, and in “(a) Surface treatment step”, the surfactant C was 47% by mass. One type of surfactant was laminated on the surface of the strontium carbonate particles by adding and dissolving. The average major axis and the like were measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
- Comparative Example 1 In “(a) Surface treatment step” of Example 1, surfactant A was added and dissolved so as to be 8% by mass, and stirred for 5 minutes with a stirrer. Subsequently, Surfactant F was added to the aqueous slurry so as to be 23% by mass and dissolved, and stirred with a stirrer for 5 minutes. The average major axis and the like were measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Comparative Example 2 In “(a) surface treatment step” of Example 1, surfactant C was added to an aqueous slurry so as to be 10% by mass, and one layer of surfactant was deposited on the surface of the strontium carbonate particles. Laminated. The average major axis and the like were measured in the same manner as in Example 1, and the distribution was calculated in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
- Comparative Example 3 In “(a) Surface treatment step” of Example 1, surfactant C was added to an aqueous slurry so as to be 20% by mass, and one layer of surfactant was deposited on the surface of strontium carbonate particles. Laminated. The average major axis and the like were measured in the same manner as in Example 1, and the distribution was calculated in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
- Comparative Example 4 In “(2) Production of finely dispersed strontium carbonate fine powder” in Example 1, the average major axis and the like were measured in the same manner as in Example 1 without performing surface treatment in “(a) Surface treatment step”. In small angle X-ray scattering, no scattering peak could be observed. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
- Comparative Example 5 In “(a) Surface treatment step” of Example 1, surfactant C was added and dissolved so as to be 30% by mass, and one kind of surfactant was laminated on the surface of the strontium carbonate particles. In small-angle X-ray scattering, the measurement was performed by dispersing in cyclohexane instead of dry powder so that the solid concentration was 1% by mass. As a result, no scattering peak could be observed. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
- Examples 1 to 6 all have a scattering peak in the scattering intensity in the range of 2 ⁇ of 0.2 to 1.0 ° in the state of highly dispersible alkaline earth metal compound fine powder. all right. Moreover, it turned out that the dispersibility is favorable from the result of the particle size distribution measurement. In these examples, it was found that an optimum amount of the surfactant was added, and the primary particles were completely coated and dispersed.
- Example 7 (1) Method for preparing SrCO 3 added dope solution 6 g of polycarbonate (hereinafter referred to as “PC”) was added to 25 g of methylene chloride and stirred for 6 hours to prepare a PC-methylene chloride solution. Next, 0.48 g of the surface-treated powder 1 of Example 4 was added to 10 g of methylene chloride, placed in an ultrasonic bath for 30 seconds, and filtered without pressure through a membrane filter having a pore diameter of 1 ⁇ m. It was created. PC- added 0.026g vinyl surface modifier with mixing dispersion 1 methylene chloride dispersion was dispersed in an ultrasonic homogenizer to obtain a SrCO 3 added dope solution A-1.
- PC polycarbonate
- PC Film Formation Method The SrCO 3 added dope solution A-1 was applied to a polyethylene terephthalate (hereinafter “PET”) film with a wet film thickness of 11 mil using a Baker type applicator. This was dried at 40 ° C. for 2 minutes, 80 ° C. for 4 minutes, and 120 ° C. for 30 minutes. The PC film was peeled from the PET film to obtain PC film A-1. The PC film A-1 was uniaxially stretched at a free end of 2.0 times at 160 ° C. with a film stretching apparatus (manufactured by Imoto Seisakusho, IMC-1A8D type) to obtain a PC stretched film A-1.
- a film stretching apparatus manufactured by Imoto Seisakusho, IMC-1A8D type
- Comparative Example 7 The same method as in Example 7 was used except that the powder of Comparative Example 4 (SrCO 3 not subjected to surface treatment) was used instead of the powder of Example 4. As a result, a PC stretched film H-1 was obtained. The characteristics of the film obtained in the same manner as in Example 7 were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3.
- Example 7 with surface treatment has a lower haze than Comparative Example 7 without surface treatment, and the value of birefringence ( ⁇ Nxy ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 ) of birefringence. Is low. Therefore, it was found that surface-treated strontium carbonate fine particles are preferable from the viewpoint of transparency and birefringence.
- Example 8 (1) SrCO 3 -added dope liquid preparation method 6 g of polymethyl methacrylate (hereinafter referred to as “PMMA”) was added to 25 g of methylene chloride and stirred for 3 hours to prepare a PMMA-methylene chloride solution. Next, 0.48 g of the surface-treated powder 1 of Example 4 was added to 10 g of methylene chloride, placed in an ultrasonic bath for 30 seconds, and filtered without pressure through a membrane filter having a pore diameter of 1 ⁇ m. It was created. PMMA- mixed dispersion 1 methylene chloride dispersion was dispersed in an ultrasonic homogenizer to obtain a SrCO 3 added dope solution I-1.
- PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
- Comparative Example 8 The same method as in Example 8 was used except that the powder of Comparative Example 4 (SrCO 3 not subjected to surface treatment) was used instead of the powder of Example 4. As a result, a PMMA stretched film N-1 was obtained. The characteristics of the film obtained in the same manner as in Example 7 were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 4.
- Example 8 with surface treatment has a lower haze than Comparative Example 8 without surface treatment, and the value of birefringence ( ⁇ Nxy ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 ) of birefringence. Is low. Therefore, it was found that surface-treated strontium carbonate fine particles are preferable from the viewpoint of transparency and birefringence. From the above, it was found that the alkaline earth metal compound fine powder of the present invention is particularly suitable for an optical film requiring high transparency and high birefringence, such as a retardation film of a polarizing plate.
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Abstract
Description
また、上記において、前記アルカリ土類金属化合物がアルカリ土類金属炭酸塩であることが好適である。さらにこの場合、前記アルカリ土類金属炭酸塩が炭酸ストロンチウムであることが好ましい。
さらに、前記界面活性剤が親水性基と疎水性基とを含み、更に水中でアニオンを形成する基を有することが好ましい。
これらの場合、前記アルカリ土類金属化合物微粒子の一次粒子の周りに前記界面活性剤が均一にコーティングされ、前記アルカリ土類金属化合物微粒子が等間隔に配列したことが好適である。
この場合において、前記樹脂がポリカーボネート、ポリメチルメタクリレート、セルロースエステル、ポリスチレン、スチレンアクリロニトリル共重合体、ポリフマル酸ジエステル、ポリアリレート、ポリエーテルスルフォン、ポリオレフィン、マレイミド系共重合体、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリエチレンナフタレート、ポリイミド、ポリアミド、ポリウレタンからなる群より選択される1種類以上であることが好ましい。
さらに、前記散乱角2θが0.4~0.7°の範囲内であることが好適である。
さらに、前記散乱角2θが0.4~0.7°の範囲内であることが好適である。
本発明の高分散性アルカリ土類金属化合物微粉末は、アルカリ土類金属化合物を主成分とし、平均長径が10~50nm、平均アスペクト比が1.0~5.0の範囲内にあるアルカリ土類金属化合物微粒子を界面活性剤で表面処理したものである。すなわち、アルカリ土類金属化合物微粒子の表面に界面活性剤が付着しており、溶媒に分散させたときに高い分散性を有する高分散性アルカリ土類金属化合物微粉末である。
界面活性剤で表面処理する前のアルカリ土類金属化合物微粒子は、平均長径が10~100nmの範囲内であり、15~40nmの範囲内が好ましく、20~30nmの範囲内がより好ましい。平均長径が10nmを下回ると、粒子が小さすぎて凝集しやすくなり、分散性が悪化しやすくなる。一方、平均長径が50nmを上回ると、粒子が大きすぎて樹脂に混合したときに透明性が悪化しやすくなる。
本発明で使用する界面活性剤は、アルカリ土類金属化合物微粒子の表面に付着して溶媒中での分散性を向上させる機能を有する。界面活性剤の種類としては、特には限定されないが、アニオン型界面活性剤が好ましい。このうち特に、親水性基と疎水性基とを含み、更に水中でアニオンを形成する基を有する化合物が好ましい。親水性基は、炭素原子数が1~8のオキシアルキレン基を含むポリオキシアルキレン基が好ましい。疎水性基は、アルキル基若しくはアリール基が好ましい。アルキル基及びアリール基は置換基を有していてもよい。アルキル基は、一般に炭素原子数が3~30の範囲内であり、10~18の範囲内が好ましい。アリール基は、一般に炭素原子数が6~30の範囲内である。水中でアニオンを形成する基はカルボン酸基(-COOH)、硫酸基(-OSO3H)、リン酸基(-OPO(OH)2、-OPO(OH)O-)からなる群より選ばれる酸基であることが好ましい。これらの酸基の水素原子は、ナトリウムやカリウムなどのアルカリ金属イオン又はアンモニウムイオンで置換されていてもよい。
(ここで、R1は置換若しくは無置換のアルキル基又は置換若しくは無置換のアリール基を意味し、E1は炭素原子数が1~8の範囲内にあるアルキレン基を意味し、aは1~20の範囲内、好ましくは2~6の範囲内の数を意味する。なお、R1は炭素原子数が10以上、好ましくは10~18の範囲内にあるアルキル基であることが好ましい。)
(ここで、R2は置換若しくは無置換のアルキル基又は置換若しくは無置換のアリール基を意味し、E2は炭素原子数が1~8の範囲内にあるアルキレン基を意味し、bは1~20の範囲内、好ましくは2~6の範囲内の数を意味する。なお、R2は炭素原子数が10以上、好ましくは10~18の範囲内にあるアルキル基であることが好ましい。)
(ここで、R3とR4は同一又は異なっていてもよく、置換若しくは無置換のアルキル基又は置換若しくは無置換のアリール基を意味し、E3とE4は同一又は異なっていてもよく、炭素原子数が1~8の範囲内にあるアルキレン基を意味し、cとdはそれぞれ1~20の範囲内、好ましくは2~6の範囲内の数を意味する。なお、R3とR4は、いずれも炭素原子数が10以上、好ましくは10~18の範囲内にあるアルキル基であることが好ましい。)
(ここで、R5は置換若しくは無置換のアルキル基又は置換若しくは無置換のアリール基を意味し、E5、E6はいずれも炭素原子数が1~8の範囲内にあるアルキレン基を意味し、e、fはいずれも1~20の範囲内、好ましくは2~6の範囲内の数を意味する。なお、R5は炭素原子数が10以上、好ましくは10~18の範囲内にあるアルキル基であることが好ましい。)
本発明の高分散性アルカリ土類金属化合物微粉末は、小角X線散乱(SAXS)法により波長0.154nmのX線を照射して測定した場合、散乱角2θがピークサーチの結果、0.2~1.0°の範囲内に散乱ピークを有する点を特徴としている。
SAXS法による測定は、物質の分子レベルの構造(1~100nmのマクロ構造)から原子レベルの構造(0.2~1nmのミクロ構造)まで評価できるX線構造評価装置(小角X線散乱測定装置)を用いて行うことができる。小角X線散乱測定を行うことで、以下の(1)~(3)の項目などを解析・分析することができる。
(1)形状、大きさ(粒径)の測定「散漫散乱」:分子の形状、大きさ、粒径、空隙、
(2)結晶性周期構造の測定「干渉性散乱、散乱強度のピーク有無による」:層状(ラメラ)構造の周期性、
(3)物質の不均一構造の測定「干渉性散乱」:相変化、固溶体-金属の不均一構造。
高分散性アルカリ土類金属化合物微粉末は、上記の散乱角2θからBragg式より求めた粒子間距離dの算出値が14~20nmの範囲内であることが好ましい。
ここで、Bragg式とは、下記の式(1)を示している。
2dsinθ=nλ ・・・式(1)
(ここで、dは粒子間距離(「格子面間隔」ともいう)、θは上述した散乱角、nは整数、λはX線の波長を意味する。)
本発明の高分散性アルカリ土類金属化合物微粉末の製造方法は、平均長径が10~100nmの範囲内にあるアルカリ土類金属化合物粒子が水性溶媒に分散されてなる分散液(第一分散液)を入手し、界面活性剤の存在下、せん断力を付与することで水性溶媒中に前記アルカリ土類金属化合物粒子の一次粒子を分散させつつ、この一次粒子と界面活性剤とを接触させることで分散液(第二分散液)を得る分散工程と、この第二分散液を100~200℃の温度で加熱乾燥させて粉末状にする乾燥工程と、を備えることを特徴とする。表面処理を行う前のアルカリ土類金属化合物微粉末の製造方法は、特には限定されないが、原料となるアルカリ土類金属化合物を反応させて水性スラリーを生成させ、これを熟成させる方法を挙げることができる。
原料となる水酸化ストロンチウムの水溶液若しくは水性懸濁液(以下、水性スラリー)を撹拌しながら、結晶成長抑制剤の存在下で二酸化炭素ガスを導入し、水酸化ストロンチウムを炭酸化させることによってアスペクト比の低い球状炭酸ストロンチウム微粒子を製造する工程である。水性スラリーに含まれる水酸化ストロンチウムの濃度は、特に制限はないが、通常は1~20質量%の範囲であり、好ましくは2~18質量%の範囲、より好ましくは3~15質量%の範囲である。
熟成工程は、反応工程で得られた球状炭酸ストロンチウム微粒子を含む水性スラリーを、所定の温度、時間で熟成させて針状の炭酸ストロンチウム微粒子に粒成長させる工程である。熟成工程は、温水中にて行うことができる。熟成温度は、75~115℃の範囲内であり、好ましくは80~110℃の範囲内であり、特に好ましくは85~105℃の範囲内である。熟成温度が75℃を下回ると、球状炭酸ストロンチウム微粒子の結晶成長が不十分で平均アスペクト比が低すぎる傾向があり、115℃を上回ると、球状炭酸ストロンチウム微粒子の短径の結晶成長が促進されてアスペクト比が低くなる傾向がある。また、熟成時間は、特に限定はないが、通常は1~100時間の範囲内であり、好ましくは5~50時間の範囲内であり、特に好ましくは10~30時間の範囲内である。
表面処理工程は、平均長径が10~100nmの範囲内にある炭酸ストロンチウム微粒子が水性溶媒に分散された分散液に対して、せん断力を付与することで一次粒子を分散させつつ界面活性剤に接触させて高分散性炭酸ストロンチウムを得る工程である。界面活性剤としては上述したものを使用することができる。
乾燥工程は、上記の「(3)表面処理工程」で得られた水性スラリーを100~300℃の範囲内の温度で加熱乾燥させて高分散性炭酸ストロンチウム微粉末の乾燥物を得る工程である。乾燥温度が100℃を下回ると乾燥が不十分になりやすく、乾燥温度が200℃を上回ると炭酸ストロンチウム微粉末の破損などが生じやすくなる。乾燥温度は、110~180℃の範囲内が好ましく、120~160℃の範囲内がより好ましい。乾燥工程は、スプレードライヤー及びドラムドライヤー、ディスクドライヤーなどの熱乾燥機を用いた公知の乾燥方法によって行なうことができる。
以下、図3、図4を参照して本発明の微粉末分散性評価方法及び微粉末分散性評価装置について説明する。図3は、本発明の微粉末分散性評価方法の流れを示すフローチャートである。この図に示すように、本発明の微粉末分散性評価方法は、アルカリ土類金属化合物微粉末を溶媒中に分散させたときの分散性を粉末状態で評価する微粉末分散性評価方法であって、小角X線散乱法によりアルカリ土類金属化合物微粉末にX線を照射して所定範囲の散乱角における散乱強度のスペクトルを得るX線照射工程(S1)と、このスペクトルから散乱角2θが0.2~1.0°の範囲内に散乱強度の散乱ピークを有するか否かを分析する散乱強度分析工程(S2)と、散乱ピークの検出結果に基づいて溶媒中におけるアルカリ土類金属化合物微粉末の分散性を推定する分散性推定工程(S3)と、を有する。
2dsinθ=nλ ・・・式(1)
(ここで、dは粒子間距離(「格子面間隔」ともいう)、θは上述した散乱角、nは整数、λはX線の波長を意味する。)
本発明の高分散性アルカリ土類金属化合物微粉末は、樹脂と混合して樹脂組成物とし、これを成膜することで光学フィルムとすることができる。以下、光学フィルムについて説明する。
本発明の画像表示装置は、本発明の光学フィルムを備えることを特徴とする。画像表示装置の種類としては、液晶表示装置(LCD)、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス表示装置などを挙げることができる。また、画像表示装置の用途としては、テレビ、コンピュータ用モニター、携帯電話、スマートフォン、PDA等の携帯情報端末などを挙げることができる。
(1-1)表面未処理品
表面未処理の炭酸ストロンチウム微粒子に関して、純水に炭酸ストロンチウム微粒子を添加し、超音波ホモジナイザーで分散させた。その分散液を試料ステージに滴下し、自然乾燥させた後、炭酸ストロンチウム微粒子をオスミウムコーティングしてサンプルを作製した。作製したサンプルを電解放射型走査型電子顕微鏡(FE-SEM)によって写真撮影した。得られたFE-SEM写真から、各粒子の長手方向長さ(最大長さ)及び短手方向長さ(最小長さ)を測定し、長手方向長さの平均値を粒子の平均長径とした。また、得られた長径、短径の値からアスペクト比を算出した。
表面処理した炭酸ストロンチウム微粒子に関して、作製した微粒子0.01gを塩化メチレン9.99gに溶解させ、超音波バスで1分間分散し、得られた分散液を真空乾燥させた。その後、オスミウムコーティングして、サンプルを作製した。作製したサンプルを電解放射型走査型電子顕微鏡(FE-SEM)によって写真撮影した。得られたFE-SEM写真から、各粒子の長手方向長さ(長径)及び短手方向長さ(短径)を測定し、長手方向長さの平均値を粒子の平均長径とした。また、得られた長径、短径の値からアスペクト比を算出した。
表面処理を施した炭酸ストロンチウム微粒子及び未処理の微粒子をそれぞれキャピラリーに充填し、小角散乱測定装置 NANO-Viewer(株式会社リガク製)で測定した。露光時間は、上、中、下3分割して各5分ずつ露光した。装置の詳細は以下のとおり
管球 :CuKα
出力 :40kV-30mA
スリット :1st slit=0.40mm
2nd slit=0.20mm
3rd slit=0.45mm
測定法 :透過法
カウンタ :Pilatus 100K
カメラ長 :570mm
レーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置(マイクロトラック9320HRA、日機装(株)製)若しくは動的光散乱式粒度分布測定装置(ナノトラックUPA-150、日機装(株)製)を用いて測定した。平均粒子径測定用の試料は、高分散性炭酸ストロンチウム微粉末を有機溶媒(塩化メチレン:WAKO特級)に添加し、濃度1%の分散液を作製し、1μmグラスフィルターでろ過したものを使用した。測定は5回の連続測定の平均値を測定値とした。
下記の例において使用した界面活性剤は以下のとおりである。
・界面活性剤A:ポリカルボン酸アニオン型界面活性剤(ポリ無水マレイン酸-ポリオキシエチレンエステル共重合物)
・界面活性剤B:ポリカルボン酸アニオン型界面活性剤(上記化学式(I)においてR1が炭素数13のアルキル基、E1がC2H4、aが平均9.3の重合体)
・界面活性剤C:ポリカルボン酸アニオン型界面活性剤(上記化学式(I)においてR1が炭素数12のアルキル基、E1がC2H4、aが平均2.3の重合体)
・界面活性剤D:ポリカルボン酸アニオン型界面活性剤(上記化学式(I)においてR1が炭素数18のアルキル基、E1がC2H4、aが平均2の重合体)
・界面活性剤E:ポリリン酸アニオン型界面活性剤(上記化学式(II)と式(III)の混合物であり、R2、R3、R4がいずれも炭素数13のアルキル基、E2、E3、E4がいずれもC2H4であり、b,c,dの合計が6.0の重合体)
・界面活性剤F:ポリエチレングリコールアミン型ノニオン界面活性剤(上記化学式(IV)においてR5が炭素数18のアルキル基、E5E6がいずれもC2H4、eとfの合計が4.0の重合体)
(1)炭酸ストロンチウム微粒子の製造
(a)反応工程
水温10℃の純水3Lに、DL-酒石酸(特級試薬、純度:99%以上)を加えて撹拌して水性懸濁液中に溶解させた。水酸化ストロンチウム八水和物(特級試薬、純度:96%以上)366gを投入し、混合して濃度5.6質量%の水酸化ストロンチウム水性懸濁液を調製した。この水酸化ストロンチウム水性懸濁液を10℃に維持しつつ、撹拌を続けながら、水性懸濁液に二酸化炭素ガスを0.5L/分の流量(水酸化ストロンチウム1gに対して22mL/分の流量)にて、水性懸濁液のpHが7になるまで吹き込み、炭酸ストロンチウム粒子を生成させた。その後、さらに30分間撹拌を続け、炭酸ストロンチウム粒子水性懸濁液を得た。
得られた炭酸ストロンチウム粒子水性懸濁液をステンレスタンクに入れ、95℃の温度にて12時間加温処理して炭酸ストロンチウム粒子を針状に成長させた。その後、室温まで放冷して、炭酸ストロンチウム微粒子の水性スラリーを製造した。このスラリーをドラムドライヤーで乾燥し、炭酸ストロンチウム微粒子を得た。上記の「(1)SEM観察」の「(1-1)表面未処理品」に記載の方法で炭酸ストロンチウム微粒子を観察したところ、平均長径は35nmであった。その結果を表1に示す。
(a)表面処理工程
上記で作製した炭酸ストロンチウム微粒子の水性スラリー(固形濃度:6質量%)に、界面活性剤Aを添加して溶解させ、スターラーで5分間撹拌した。ついで、界面活性剤Bを28質量%となるように水性スラリーに添加して溶解させ、スターラーで5分撹拌した後、クレアミックスにてせん断力をかけて、分散処理を行った。これにより、高分散性炭酸ストロンチウム粒子の水スラリーを得た。表面に2種類の界面活性剤が2層となるように積層した。
撹拌混合後の水性スラリーを110~120℃に加熱した回転式ドラムドライヤーに吹き付け、高分散性炭酸ストロンチウム微粉末を得た。得られた高分散性炭酸ストロンチウム微粉末を電子顕微鏡で観察した結果、針状粒子の微粉末であることが確認された。上記の「(1)SEM観察」の「(1-2)表面処理品」に記載の方法で高分散性炭酸ストロンチウム微粉末を観察したところ、平均長径は35nmであった。界面活性剤の種類等の条件を表1に示す。
上記で得られた高分散性炭酸ストロンチウム微粉末を用いて、「(2)小角X線散乱測定」及び「(3)粒度分布測定」に記載の方法で測定を行った。ピークサーチの結果、2θ=0.46に散乱ピークが観察され、d値は19.2nmであった。またその粉末を用いた有機溶媒分散液での粒度分布測定におけるD50は50nm以下であった。その結果を表2に示す。
実施例1の「(a)表面処理工程」において、界面活性剤Cを30質量%となるように添加して溶解させ、炭酸ストロンチウム粒子の表面に1種類の界面活性剤を1層積層した。実施例1と同様に小角X線測定、及び粒度分布による平均長径等を測定した。その結果を表1,表2に示す。
実施例1の「(a)表面処理工程」において、界面活性剤Eを30質量%となるように添加して溶解させ、炭酸ストロンチウム粒子の表面に1種類の界面活性剤を1層積層した。実施例1と同様に平均長径等を測定した。その結果を表1,表2に示す。
実施例1の「(a)表面処理工程」において、界面活性剤Dを30質量%となるように添加して溶解させ、炭酸ストロンチウム粒子の表面に1種類の界面活性剤を1層積層した。実施例1と同様に平均長径等を測定した。その結果を表1,表2に示す。
実施例1の「(1)炭酸ストロンチウム微粒子の製造」において、平均長径が20nmの炭酸ストロンチウム微粒子を使用し、「(a)表面処理工程」において、界面活性剤Dを47質量%となるように添加して溶解させ、炭酸ストロンチウム粒子の表面に1種類の界面活性剤を1層積層した。実施例1と同様に平均長径等を測定した。その結果を表1,表2に示す。
実施例1の「(1)炭酸ストロンチウム微粒子の製造」において、平均長径が20nmの炭酸ストロンチウム微粒子を使用し、「(a)表面処理工程」において、界面活性剤Cを47質量%となるように添加して溶解させ、炭酸ストロンチウム粒子の表面に1種類の界面活性剤を1層積層した。実施例1と同様に平均長径等を測定した。その結果を表1,表2に示す。
実施例1の「(a)表面処理工程」において、界面活性剤Aを8質量%となるように添加して溶解させ、スターラーで5分間撹拌した。ついで、界面活性剤Fを23質量%となるように水性スラリーに添加して溶解させ、スターラーで5分撹拌した。実施例1と同様に平均長径等を測定した。
実施例1の「(a)表面処理工程」において、界面活性剤Cを10質量%となるように水性スラリーに添加して溶解させ、炭酸ストロンチウム粒子の表面に1種類の界面活性剤を1層積層した。実施例1と同様に平均長径等を測定するとともに、比較例1と同様に分布を算出した。その結果を表1,表2に示す。
実施例1の「(a)表面処理工程」において、界面活性剤Cを20質量%となるように水性スラリーに添加して溶解させ、炭酸ストロンチウム粒子の表面に1種類の界面活性剤を1層積層した。実施例1と同様に平均長径等を測定するとともに、比較例1と同様に分布を算出した。その結果を表1,表2に示す。
実施例1の「(2)高分散性炭酸ストロンチウム微粉末の製造」において、「(a)表面処理工程」で表面処理を行わずに実施例1と同様に平均長径等を測定した。小角X線散乱では散乱ピークは観測できなかった。その結果を表1,表2に示す。
実施例1の「(a)表面処理工程」において、界面活性剤Cを30質量%となるように添加して溶解させ、炭酸ストロンチウム粒子の表面に1種類の界面活性剤を1層積層した。小角X線散乱において、乾燥粉ではなくシクロヘキサンに固形濃度:1質量%となるように分散させて測定を行った。その結果、散乱ピークは観測できなかった。その結果を表1,表2に示す。
実施例1の「(a)表面処理工程」において、界面活性剤Cを30質量%となるように添加して溶解させ、炭酸ストロンチウム粒子の表面に1種類の界面活性剤を1層積層した。小角X線散乱において、乾燥粉ではなく、水に固形濃度:1質量%となるように分散させて測定を行った。その結果、散乱ピークは観測できなかった。その結果を表1,表2に示す。
以下、上記の実施例4と比較例4で製造した高分散性炭酸ストロンチウム微粉末を使用してポリカーボネートフィルムを製造した例について説明する。
(1)SrCO3添加ドープ液作製方法
塩化メチレン25gに対し、ポリカーボネート(以下、「PC」)6gを添加し、6時間攪拌し、PC-塩化メチレン溶液を作製した。次に、塩化メチレン10gに対し、実施例4の表面処理粉末1を0.48g添加し、超音波バスに30秒入れ、そのまま孔径1μmのメンブレンフィルターで加圧せずにろ過し、分散液1を作成した。PC-塩化メチレン分散液と分散液1を混合するとともにビニル系表面改質剤を0.026g添加し、超音波ホモジナイザーで分散処理を行い、SrCO3添加ドープ液A-1を得た。
SrCO3添加ドープ液A-1を、ベーカー式アプリケーターを用い、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(以下、「PET」)フィルム上にウェット膜厚11milで塗布した。これを40℃で2分、80℃で4分、120℃で30分乾燥した。PETフィルムからPCフィルムを剥離し、PCフィルムA-1を得た。PCフィルムA-1をフィルム延伸装置(井元製作所製、IMC-1A8D型)にて、160℃で2.0倍に自由端1軸延伸を行い、PC延伸フィルムA-1を得た。
分光光度計(日本分光社製)を用いて、PC延伸フィルムA-1の可視光透過率およびヘイズ測定を行った。
PC延伸フィルムA-1の膜厚をマイクロメーターで測定した。その後、延伸したフィルムの位相差(ΔNxy)を位相測定装置(王子計測機器株式会社製、KOBRA-WR)を用いて測定した。その結果を表3に示す。
実施例4の粉末に代えて比較例4の粉末(表面処理をしていないSrCO3)を用いた点以外は、実施例7と同様の方法を使用した。これにより、PC延伸フィルムH-1を得た。実施例7と同様に得られたフィルムの特性を評価した。その結果を表3に示す。
以下、上記の実施例4と比較例4で製造した高分散性炭酸ストロンチウム微粉末を使用してポリメチルメタクリレートフィルムを製造した例について説明する。
(1)SrCO3添加ドープ液作製方法
塩化メチレン25gに対し、ポリメチルメタクリレート(以下、「PMMA」)6gを添加し、3時間攪拌し、PMMA-塩化メチレン溶液を作製した。次に、塩化メチレン10gに対し、実施例4の表面処理粉末1を0.48g添加し、超音波バスに30秒入れ、そのまま孔径1μmのメンブレンフィルターで加圧せずにろ過し、分散液1を作成した。PMMA-塩化メチレン分散液と分散液1を混合し、超音波ホモジナイザーで分散処理を行い、SrCO3添加ドープ液I-1を得た。
SrCO3添加ドープ液I-1を、ベーカー式アプリケーターを用い、PETフィルム上にウェット膜厚11milで塗布した。これを40℃で2分、80℃で15分、85℃で30分乾燥した。PETフィルムからPMMA膜を剥離し、PMMAフィルムI-1を得た。PMMAフィルムI-1をフィルム延伸装置(井元製作所製、IMC-1A8D型)にて、90℃で2.0倍に自由端1軸延伸を行い、PMMA延伸フィルムI-1を得た。実施例7と同様に得られたフィルムの特性を評価した。その結果を表4に示す。
実施例4の粉末に代えて比較例4の粉末(表面処理をしていないSrCO3)を用いた点以外は、実施例8と同様の方法を使用した。これにより、PMMA延伸フィルムN-1を得た。実施例7と同様に得られたフィルムの特性を評価した。その結果を表4に示す。
Claims (15)
- アルカリ土類金属化合物を主成分とし、平均長径が10~100nm、平均アスペクト比が1.0~5.0の範囲内にあるアルカリ土類金属化合物微粒子の表面に界面活性剤を付着させた高分散性アルカリ土類金属化合物微粉末であって、
小角X線散乱法により波長0.154nmのX線を照射して測定した散乱角2θが0.2~1.0°の範囲内で散乱強度に散乱ピークを有することを特徴とする高分散性アルカリ土類金属化合物微粉末。 - 前記散乱角2θが0.4~0.7°の範囲内であって、かつ該散乱角2θからBragg式より求めた粒子間距離dの算出値が12.6~22.1nmの範囲内であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の高分散性アルカリ土類金属化合物微粉末。
- 前記アルカリ土類金属化合物がアルカリ土類金属炭酸塩であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の高分散性アルカリ土類金属化合物微粉末。
- 前記アルカリ土類金属炭酸塩が炭酸ストロンチウムであることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の高分散性アルカリ土類金属化合物微粉末。
- 前記界面活性剤が親水性基と疎水性基とを含み、更に水中でアニオンを形成する基を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の高分散性アルカリ土類金属化合物微粉末。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の高分散性アルカリ土類金属化合物微粉末が樹脂に分散したことを特徴とする光学フィルム。
- 前記樹脂がポリカーボネート、ポリメチルメタクリレート、セルロースエステル、ポリスチレン、スチレンアクリロニトリル共重合体、ポリフマル酸ジエステル、ポリアリレート、ポリエーテルスルフォン、ポリオレフィン、マレイミド系共重合体、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリエチレンナフタレート、ポリイミド、ポリアミド、ポリウレタンからなる群より選択される1種類以上であることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の光学フィルム。
- 請求項6又は7に記載の光学フィルムを備えることを特徴とする画像表示装置。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の高分散性アルカリ土類金属化合物微粉末の製造方法であって、
平均長径が10~100nmの範囲内にあるアルカリ土類金属化合物微粒子が水性溶媒に分散されてなる第一分散液に、界面活性剤の存在下、せん断力を付与することで前記水性溶媒中に前記アルカリ土類金属化合物微粒子の一次粒子を分散させつつ該一次粒子と前記界面活性剤とを接触させて第二分散液を得る分散工程と、
前記第二分散液を100~300℃の温度で加熱乾燥させて粉末状にする乾燥工程と、を含むことを特徴とする高分散性アルカリ土類金属化合物微粉末の製造方法。 - アルカリ土類金属化合物微粉末を溶媒中に分散させたときの分散性を粉末状態で評価する微粉末分散性評価方法であって、
小角X線散乱法によりアルカリ土類金属化合物微粉末にX線を照射して所定範囲の散乱角における散乱強度のスペクトルを得るX線照射工程と、
前記スペクトルから散乱角2θが0.2~1.0°の範囲内に散乱強度の散乱ピークを有するか否かを分析する散乱強度分析工程と、
前記散乱ピークの検出結果に基づいて前記溶媒中における前記アルカリ土類金属化合物微粉末の分散性を推定する分散性推定工程と、
を有することを特徴とする微粉末分散性評価方法。 - 前記分散性推定工程は、前記散乱ピークを検出した場合に、前記溶媒中における前記アルカリ土類金属化合物微粉末の分散性が相対的に高いと推定することを特徴とする請求項10に記載の微粉末分散性評価方法。
- 前記散乱角2θが0.4~0.7°の範囲内であることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の微粉末分散性評価方法。
- アルカリ土類金属化合物微粉末を溶媒中に分散させたときの分散性を粉末状態で評価する微粉末分散性評価装置であって、
小角X線散乱法によりアルカリ土類金属化合物微粉末にX線を照射して所定範囲の散乱角における散乱強度のスペクトルを得るX線照射手段と、
前記スペクトルから散乱角2θが0.2~1.0°の範囲内に散乱強度の散乱ピークを有するか否かを分析する散乱強度分析手段と、
前記散乱ピークの検出結果に基づいて前記溶媒中における前記アルカリ土類金属化合物微粉末の分散性を推定する分散性推定手段と、
を有することを特徴とする微粉末分散性評価装置。 - 前記分散性推定手段は、前記散乱ピークを検出した場合に、前記溶媒中における前記アルカリ土類金属化合物微粉末の分散性が相対的に高いと推定することを特徴とする請求項13に記載の微粉末分散性評価装置。
- 前記散乱角2θが0.4~0.7°の範囲内であることを特徴とする請求項13に記載の微粉末分散性評価装置。
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