WO2016042984A1 - ガラス容器の製造方法 - Google Patents

ガラス容器の製造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016042984A1
WO2016042984A1 PCT/JP2015/073877 JP2015073877W WO2016042984A1 WO 2016042984 A1 WO2016042984 A1 WO 2016042984A1 JP 2015073877 W JP2015073877 W JP 2015073877W WO 2016042984 A1 WO2016042984 A1 WO 2016042984A1
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Prior art keywords
glass container
glass
temperature
container
cleaning
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PCT/JP2015/073877
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
昌宏 角谷
宮本　憲一
橋本　正人
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大和特殊硝子株式会社
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Publication of WO2016042984A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016042984A1/ja

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61J—CONTAINERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR MEDICAL OR PHARMACEUTICAL PURPOSES; DEVICES OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR BRINGING PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS INTO PARTICULAR PHYSICAL OR ADMINISTERING FORMS; DEVICES FOR ADMINISTERING FOOD OR MEDICINES ORALLY; BABY COMFORTERS; DEVICES FOR RECEIVING SPITTLE
    • A61J1/00—Containers specially adapted for medical or pharmaceutical purposes
    • A61J1/05—Containers specially adapted for medical or pharmaceutical purposes for collecting, storing or administering blood, plasma or medical fluids ; Infusion or perfusion containers
    • A61J1/06—Ampoules or carpules
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B23/00—Re-forming shaped glass
    • C03B23/04—Re-forming tubes or rods
    • C03B23/11—Reshaping by drawing without blowing, in combination with separating, e.g. for making ampoules
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B25/00—Annealing glass products
    • C03B25/04—Annealing glass products in a continuous way
    • C03B25/06—Annealing glass products in a continuous way with horizontal displacement of the glass products
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C23/00—Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a glass container for storing, for example, pharmaceuticals, foods or cosmetic products such as ampoules and tube bottles.
  • Glass containers such as tube bottles, vials, ampoules, and syringes that contain pharmaceuticals, foods, cosmetics, etc. are often manufactured by molding glass tubes while heating.
  • a typical forming method there is a vertical forming method.
  • a glass tube having a constant diameter and open at both ends is set up vertically, and a lower end portion serving as a mouth is heated and softened to be processed into a desired shape, and then the glass tube is formed. Is cut into a desired length, and then the bottom of the glass container is formed to produce the intended glass container.
  • the remaining cut glass tube is shortened by the amount of one glass container manufactured, and the glass container can be mass-produced by repeating the above operation.
  • This method is automatically performed using a machine, and a vertical molding machine is usually used.
  • the alkaline component is eluted from the glass surface inside the glass container and the medicine or the like is contaminated, for example, the pH value is increased.
  • the alkali component eluted from the glass surface reacts with the content liquid to generate a precipitate, which causes a problem that the quality of the content liquid is impaired.
  • elution components such as alkali components are eluted from the glass surface by reaction with the liquid during the heat sterilization process after filling the manufactured glass containers, for example, with chemicals, etc. It would be desirable to provide a glass container that does not or does not elute very little. Moreover, it is required that the process of manufacturing the glass container from the glass tube is not complicated by performing a special process such as a coating process or a sulfur process as in the conventional method. Moreover, in order to remove blooms such as sodium sulfate from the glass container after production in the dealkalization process, it is also required that the step of washing the glass container before filling with the pharmaceutical agent does not become heavy.
  • the present invention has been made in view of such problems of the prior art, and the purpose thereof is a glass container excellent in chemical durability without introducing special processing steps and processing equipment. It is in providing the method of manufacturing easily.
  • the inventors of the present invention have made extensive studies in order to solve the above problems.
  • the lower end of the vertically standing glass tube is softened by heating, for example, with a gas burner, etc., and when it is molded into a desired shape, the glass quality changes due to the heating, and the volatile component of the glass (for example, Na 2 O, K 2 O) is generated, and when the space between the open lower end and the upper end of the glass tube rises due to the chimney effect, these volatile components adhere to the inner surface of the glass tube to As a result, it was found that the adhered alkali component was eluted from the glass surface after the glass container was manufactured.
  • the volatile component of the glass for example, Na 2 O, K 2 O
  • the present inventors obtained a glass container from the glass tube by the vertical molding method, and then washed the inner surface of the glass container with a cleaning liquid before performing a strain removal operation for removing distortion due to thermal history.
  • the inventors have found that a glass container in which elution of alkali components from the glass surface on the inner surface is extremely small can be produced.
  • the inventors have found that the conductivity of the content liquid stored in the glass container is extremely low.
  • the present invention has been completed based on these findings.
  • the present invention relates to a glass container manufacturing process in which a glass tube is formed by heating and processing a glass tube, the inner surface of the glass container obtained in the glass container manufacturing process, water, an aqueous solution of an acid, and a surfactant.
  • a method for producing a glass container comprising: a washing step of washing with a washing solution comprising an aqueous solution or an acid aqueous solution to which a surfactant is added; and a distortion removing step in which the glass vessel washed in the washing step is heated and heated and then cooled to remove distortion
  • the temperature of the glass container in the cleaning step is set to 30 to 150 ° C.
  • the cleaning time is set to 10 to 15 seconds
  • the maximum ambient temperature in the strain removal process is controlled to be 650 to 670 ° C. It relates to a manufacturing method.
  • the method for producing a glass container of the present invention without any special treatment step, there is little elution of alkali components from the glass surface and excellent chemical durability, and the content liquid stored in the glass container A glass container having extremely low electrical conductivity can be provided. In this way, there is little elution of alkali components from the glass surface, and the conductivity of the content liquid stored in the glass container is extremely low, so there is no possibility that the chemicals etc. that are the content liquid will be altered, and the predetermined quality Can be held.
  • Drawing 1 is a mimetic diagram showing an example of a manufacturing method of a glass container of the present invention for every small process.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing an example of a production apparatus suitably used in the method for producing a glass container of the present invention.
  • the glass tube used as the material of the present invention is not particularly limited, but for example, borosilicate glass, soda lime glass and the like are preferable.
  • the cross section of the glass tube is usually a perfect circle, but other shapes such as an ellipse may be used.
  • the diameter of the glass tube is not particularly limited, but is usually about 10 to 100 mm.
  • the length of the glass tube is not particularly limited, but it is usually about 1 to 5 m.
  • the glass tube may be colorless and transparent, or may be colored brown, for example.
  • the glass container in the present invention can be manufactured accordingly.
  • a glass tube having a constant diameter and open at both ends is set up vertically, and the lower end is usually inserted into a vertical molding machine equipped with heating means.
  • heating means For example, a gas burner with a temperature of about 1500 to 1800 ° C. Heat to form into the desired tube bottle shape, then cut the molded product and the glass tube extending above the remainder under heat and form the glass bottle and bottom. Next, the lower end of the cut glass tube is shaped so that the cross section becomes the original perfect circle.
  • the temperature of the glass container after forming is usually about 300 to 400 ° C.
  • the glass container can be mass-produced.
  • the vitreous quality is changed by heating, and volatile components of the glass (for example, Na 2 O, K 2 O) are placed in the chimney between the open lower end and the upper end of the glass tube. It is thought that it rises by the effect and adheres to the inner surface of the glass tube to form an alkaline elution component.
  • the present invention removes or reduces alkaline eluent components adhering to the inner surface of the glass tube by passing through a glass container cleaning step, which will be described in detail below, after the manufacturing process of the glass container.
  • a glass container cleaning step which will be described in detail below, after the manufacturing process of the glass container.
  • the glass container cleaning step is performed by using a cleaning liquid such as water, an aqueous solution of an acid, an aqueous solution of a surfactant, or an aqueous solution of an acid to which a surfactant is added. It is the process of using and wash
  • a cleaning liquid such as water, an aqueous solution of an acid, an aqueous solution of a surfactant, or an aqueous solution of an acid to which a surfactant is added. It is the process of using and wash
  • the glass container having a temperature of about 300 to 400 ° C. after the forming process is allowed to cool to, for example, an atmospheric temperature, and the glass container having a temperature of 150 ° C. or less is preferably washed with a cleaning liquid.
  • the higher the temperature of the glass container the higher the effect of removing or reducing the eluting components adhering to the inner surface of the glass container.
  • the cleaning liquid is brought into contact with the high-temperature glass container, the glass container may be damaged.
  • the lower limit temperature of the glass container at the time of cleaning is preferably set to 30 ° C. or higher in consideration of cleaning efficiency. Further, if the cleaning time is less than 10 seconds, the cleaning is insufficient, and if it exceeds 15 seconds, the productivity is reduced. Therefore, 10 to 15 seconds is preferable.
  • the temperature of the cleaning solution in the cleaning step is not limited, but a cleaning solution of about 30 to 100 ° C. is preferably used, and a cleaning solution of about 40 to 70 ° C. is more preferable. If it is in this range, the glass container excellent in the chemical durability made into the objective of this invention can be obtained.
  • the cleaning liquid water, an acid aqueous solution, a surfactant aqueous solution or an acid aqueous solution to which a surfactant is added are preferably used, and the solubility of the alkaline eluent component adhering to the inner surface of the glass container is high.
  • An aqueous acid solution or an aqueous acid solution to which a surfactant is added is more preferable.
  • Acids used in acid aqueous solutions are roughly classified into organic acids and inorganic acids.
  • organic acids include formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, phthalic acid, citric acid, and edetic acid (EDTA).
  • inorganic acids include hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and nitric acid. Can do. These acids may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • Citric acid, oxalic acid, edetic acid, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid are preferably used from the viewpoints of cleaning effect and handleability.
  • Organic acids are preferable in that they are burned and decomposed into carbon dioxide and water in the strain removal step even if residues are generated, and therefore, the glass surface is preferable because citric acid and edetic acid are preferably used.
  • the acid concentration is usually about 0.005 to 1.0 mol / L, preferably Is about 0.01 to 0.1 mol / L.
  • the surfactant used for the surfactant aqueous solution or the acid aqueous solution to which the surfactant is added in the cleaning liquid is not particularly limited, but preferred surfactants include nonionic surfactants. It is done. Nonionic surfactants are broadly classified into polyethylene glycol type and polyhydric alcohol type.
  • polyethylene glycol type higher alcohol, fatty acid, fat, polypropylene glycol or alkylphenol ethylene oxide adduct, polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester
  • examples thereof include ethylene oxide adducts of higher alkylamines or fatty acid amides
  • polyhydric alcohol types include glycerol, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, fatty acid esters of sucrose, and alkyl ethers of polyhydric alcohols. What is necessary is just to select the density
  • concentration of surfactant suitably in the range which does not prevent the objective and effect of this invention.
  • the glass container In order to clean the inner surface of the glass container with the cleaning liquid using the above-mentioned cleaning liquid, the glass container is usually inserted into an appropriate jig or suspended, and the glass container is directed from the mouth to the bottom, for example, a nozzle.
  • the cleaning liquid is usually sprayed by spraying under pressure.
  • the spray pressure of the cleaning liquid may be increased by allowing the cleaning liquid spray port of the nozzle to discharge compressed air simultaneously with the cleaning liquid, for example (also referred to as jet spray cleaning).
  • the cleaning process is completed through a cleaning process using a cleaning liquid, a rinsing process using clean water, and a sufficient draining process using, for example, air blowing.
  • the cleaning with the cleaning liquid is performed in addition to the inner surface of the glass container. You may go to the outer surface.
  • the inner surface of the glass container can be cleaned with the cleaning liquid by ultrasonic cleaning.
  • the above cleaning liquid is usually used to clean not only the inner surface but also the entire glass container, and then rinse. Whether or not to employ ultrasonic cleaning is determined in consideration of the layout of the entire production line such as a vertical molding machine, a cleaning machine, and a strain relief furnace, which will be described later.
  • the glass container washed in the washing step is supplied to a dedistortion furnace controlled to have an atmospheric temperature of 650 to 670 ° C., heated and heated, and then cooled. Is done.
  • the total time of the strain removal treatment consisting of heating to about 300 to 80 ° C. after heating and heating the glass container at about 30 to 80 ° C. after the cleaning in the strain removal furnace, that is, the in-furnace time in the strain removal furnace ( (Distortion time) is 3 to 40 minutes.
  • the time of 650 to 670 ° C. or higher is preferably 1 to 2 minutes. If the time of 650 to 670 ° C. or higher is 1 to 2 minutes, the glass surface is almost smooth on the inner and outer surfaces by removing the residual strain based on the thermal history without causing deformation or wrinkling of the glass surface. Can be manufactured.
  • the temperature of the glass container itself heated in the strain relief furnace is preferably 600 to 700 ° C. and maintained for 60 to 120 seconds in order to prevent deformation and wrinkle generation and to obtain a smooth surface.
  • the maximum atmospheric temperature of the strain relief furnace is controlled at 680 ° C.
  • the temperature of the glass container itself easily exceeds 700 ° C., and the glass surface may be deformed or wrinkled.
  • the maximum atmospheric temperature of the strain relief furnace is controlled below 650 ° C.
  • the temperature of the glass container itself tends to be below 600 ° C., and vitrification may be insufficient.
  • a glass container in which elution of alkali components and the like is reduced and the conductivity of the content liquid stored in the glass container is extremely low.
  • the pharmaceuticals, foods, and cosmetics stored in glass containers may have any shape.
  • it may be solid, liquid, or gaseous.
  • Taking pharmaceuticals as an example tablets, liquids, condyles, powders, powders, ointments, sprays, powders, gels, etc. It may be a property. Any shape and property may be applied to food and cosmetics as well.
  • the conductivity of the content liquid stored in the glass container produced according to the present invention is extremely low, it is suitable, for example, as a container for purified water, a container for sterilized purified water, or a container for water for injection.
  • the conductivity (25 ° C) in the case of a container with an internal volume of 10 mL or less Is defined as 25 ⁇ S / cm or less, and in the case of a container having an internal volume of more than 10 mL, its conductivity (25 ° C.) is defined as 5 ⁇ S / cm or less.
  • the glass container manufactured by the method of the present invention If so, the above requirements can be satisfied.
  • Example 1 Effects on the electrical conductivity of purified water in the container due to the atmospheric temperature of the strain-removing furnace for a vial with a capacity of 2 mL >> Using a glass tube with a diameter of 16 mm and a length of 1 m60 cm, a vial with a volume of 2 mL was obtained by the following method. First, as shown in FIG. 1 (1), the glass tube 1 is inserted into a vertical molding machine 2 with the end of the glass tube facing up, and the lower end is heated with a gas burner to soften the glass. Molding was performed so as to obtain the shape of the opening.
  • FIG. 1 (1), the glass tube 1 is inserted into a vertical molding machine 2 with the end of the glass tube facing up, and the lower end is heated with a gas burner to soften the glass. Molding was performed so as to obtain the shape of the opening.
  • the lower end of the glass tube 1 was heated with a fish tail burner 3 at 1200 to 2000 ° C.
  • the shoulder was formed using the roller 4 and the plunger 5.
  • the mouth portion was formed with the roller 4 and the plunger 5.
  • the bottle height was determined using the total height plate 7.
  • the bottom was homogenized using a point burner 6.
  • Air 9 was blown in and bottom molding was completed using a point burner 6 at 1200 to 2000 ° C.
  • the vial 10 thus obtained is transported to the washing machine 12 in a state of being inserted into a jig placed on the net conveyor 11 (FIG. 2) and allowed to cool to atmospheric temperature (( 9) Cooling step) Using a syringe, the inner surface of the vial at about 30 ° C. is washed with 10 mL of 25 ° C. cleaning solution 13 (pure water) for 10 seconds ((10) cleaning step in FIG. 1), and air 9 was blown to sufficiently drain the water ((11) draining step in FIG. 1). Although details are omitted in FIG. 2, the vial 10 can be transported to the washing machine 12 and the strain relief furnace 14 by the net conveyor 11.
  • the vial 10 having a temperature of about 25 ° C. is transported to a distortion removal furnace 14 having a heating furnace effective length of 5 m equipped with a burner heater 13.
  • 1) Control is performed so that the maximum ambient temperature in the distortion removal furnace becomes 650 ° C.
  • a glass container which has been subjected to a strain removal treatment for 25 minutes (atmosphere temperature of 650 ° C. or higher is 90 seconds, actual glass container temperature is 650 to 680 ° C.), and 2) the highest atmosphere in the strain relief furnace A glass container that has been subjected to a strain removal treatment (atmosphere temperature of 660 ° C.
  • the inlet side and the outlet side of the distortion removal furnace 14 are open, even if the atmospheric temperature in the distortion removal furnace sensed by a thermocouple provided in the distortion removal furnace is 650 to 680 ° C., for example, The side and outlet side will be lower than this temperature.
  • the atmospheric temperature in the strain removal furnace was measured with thermocouples installed at three locations, and the burner heater was turned on / off so that the temperature measured with one of the thermocouples became the target temperature.
  • the temperature of the glass container was measured with a thermocouple fused to the glass container.
  • the container-purified water, the container-sterilized purified water, or the container-sterilized purified water specified on page 731 of the 16th revision Japanese Pharmacopoeia It is possible to satisfy the numerical value of the conductivity of the water for injection in the container.
  • Example 2 ⁇ Effects on the conductivity of purified water in the container due to the atmospheric temperature of the strain relief furnace for a 15 mL vial >> Using a glass tube with a diameter of 24.5 mm and a length of 1 m40 cm, a vial with a capacity of 15 mL was obtained by the same method as in Example 1. The vial was washed by the same method as in Example 1. After the cleaning, the vial 10 at about 50 ° C. is transported to a strainer 14 having an effective length of 5 m equipped with a burner heater 13. 1) Control is performed so that the maximum ambient temperature in the strainer becomes 650 ° C.
  • a glass container which has been subjected to a strain removal treatment for 25 minutes (atmosphere temperature of 650 ° C. or higher is 90 seconds, actual glass container temperature is 650 to 680 ° C.), and 2) the highest atmosphere in the strain relief furnace
  • a glass container subjected to a strain removal treatment at a temperature of 660 ° C. for 25 minutes (atmosphere temperature of 660 ° C. or higher is 90 seconds, actual glass container temperature is 660 to 690 ° C.);
  • the glass was subjected to a strain removal treatment for 25 minutes (the atmospheric temperature was 670 ° C. or higher for 90 seconds, and the actual glass container temperature was 670 to 700 ° C.) under the control of the maximum atmospheric temperature of 670 ° C.
  • the container-purified water, the container-sterilized purified water, or the container-sterilized purified water specified on page 731 of the 16th revision Japanese Pharmacopoeia It is possible to satisfy the numerical value of the conductivity of the water for injection in the container.
  • Example 3 Effects of cleaning time on conductivity of purified water in container for vials with 2mL capacity >> A vial with a volume of 2 mL obtained by the same method as in Example 1 was cleaned in the same manner as in Example 1 with two cleaning times of 10 seconds and 3 seconds selected, and the maximum ambient temperature in the strain removal furnace was 670. The temperature was controlled to be 0.degree. C., and the strain was removed for 25 minutes (the time during which the ambient temperature was 670.degree. C. or higher was 90 seconds, and the actual glass container temperature was 670.degree. C. to 700.degree. C.). Thereafter, 1.8 mL of purified water was poured into each of these glass containers, and then autoclaved at 121 ° C. for 60 minutes. About the purified water in this glass container, electrical conductivity (microS / cm) was measured according to the conditions prescribed
  • the conductivity of the purified water in the container can be lowered by increasing the washing time from 3 seconds to 10 seconds.
  • Example 4 Effects on conductivity of purified water in container due to presence / absence of washing for 2mL and 15mL vials >> The effect of the presence or absence of washing on the conductivity of purified water in the container was investigated for a 2 mL vial obtained by the same method as in Example 1 and a 15 mL vial obtained by the same method as in Example 2. That is, about a vial with a capacity of 2 mL and a vial with a capacity of 15 mL, the same as in Examples 1 and 2, the cleaning process (cleaning time 10 seconds) and the one without the cleaning process were performed in the strain elimination furnace. The strain is controlled so that the maximum ambient temperature is 670 ° C.
  • Example 5 Effects on the electrical conductivity of purified water in the container due to the atmospheric temperature of the strain-removing furnace for a vial with a capacity of 2 mL
  • the influence of the atmosphere temperature of the strain removal furnace on the conductivity of the purified water in the container was investigated. That is, for those subjected to the cleaning process (cleaning time 10 seconds) in the same manner as in Example 1, the maximum atmospheric temperature in the slow strain furnace was controlled to be 670 ° C., and the strain removal process (atmosphere temperature was 25 minutes).
  • the temperature above 670 ° C is 90 seconds, the actual glass container temperature is 670-700 ° C), and the maximum ambient temperature in the strain relief furnace is controlled to 600 ° C for 25 minutes.
  • the material subjected to the strain treatment (atmosphere temperature of 600 ° C. or higher is 102 seconds and the actual glass container temperature is 600 to 630 ° C.) was allowed to cool to room temperature. Thereafter, 1.8 mL of purified water was poured into each of these glass containers, and then autoclaved at 121 ° C. for 60 minutes. About the purified water in this glass container, electrical conductivity (microS / cm) was measured according to the conditions prescribed
  • Example 6 The amount of Na eluted from the glass inner surface to the purified water in the container according to the washing time for a vial with a capacity of 2 mL >> For vials with a volume of 2 mL obtained by the same method as in Example 1, two types of cleaning times of 10 seconds and 3 seconds were selected and cleaned as in Example 1, and no cleaning process was performed. The strain is removed so that the maximum ambient temperature in the strain relief furnace is 670 ° C. for 25 minutes (the time during which the ambient temperature is 670 ° C. or higher is 90 seconds, and the actual glass container temperature is 670-700 ° C.) and allowed to cool to room temperature.
  • Example 7 ⁇ Amount of Na eluted from the glass inner surface to the purified water in the container depending on the atmospheric temperature of the strain-reducing furnace for a vial with a capacity of 2 mL >> About the vial of 2 mL capacity obtained by the same method as in Example 1, the amount of dissolved Na from the glass inner surface to the purified water in the container according to the atmospheric temperature of the strain removal furnace was investigated. That is, for those subjected to the cleaning treatment (cleaning time 10 seconds) in the same manner as in Example 1, the strain removal treatment (atmosphere temperature was 25 minutes) was controlled so that the maximum ambient temperature in the strain removal furnace was 670 ° C.
  • the holding time of 670 ° C or higher is 90 seconds, the actual glass container temperature is 670-700 ° C), and the maximum ambient temperature in the strain relief furnace is controlled to be 600 ° C for 25 minutes.
  • What was subjected to the strain removal treatment (the time during which the ambient temperature was 600 ° C. or higher was 100 seconds and the actual glass container temperature was 600 to 630 ° C.) was allowed to cool to room temperature. Thereafter, 1.8 mL of purified water was poured into each of these glass containers, and then autoclaved at 121 ° C. for 60 minutes. With respect to the purified water in the glass container, the amount of dissolved Na (ppm) was measured using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. As a result, the results shown in Table 7 below were obtained.
  • a glass container suitable as a container for purified water, a container for sterilized purified water, or a container for water for injection can be produced.

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PCT/JP2015/073877 2014-09-19 2015-08-25 ガラス容器の製造方法 WO2016042984A1 (ja)

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JP2019089691A (ja) * 2017-11-15 2019-06-13 大和特殊硝子株式会社 ガラス容器
DE102017128413A1 (de) * 2017-11-30 2019-06-06 Schott Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Glasartikels
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WO2010038776A1 (ja) * 2008-10-01 2010-04-08 大和特殊硝子株式会社 ガラス製品の製造装置

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US12378148B2 (en) 2017-03-24 2025-08-05 Corning Incorporated Systems and methods for measuring the temperature of glass during tube conversion
US12391597B2 (en) 2017-03-24 2025-08-19 Corning Incorporated Systems and methods for measuring the temperature of glass during tube conversion
CN107601830A (zh) * 2017-09-06 2018-01-19 岑罗琼 一种玻璃杯成型方法

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