WO2016038442A1 - Dispositif de commande d'alimentation électrique, procédé de commande d'alimentation électrique, et dispositif d'alimentation électrique - Google Patents

Dispositif de commande d'alimentation électrique, procédé de commande d'alimentation électrique, et dispositif d'alimentation électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016038442A1
WO2016038442A1 PCT/IB2015/001578 IB2015001578W WO2016038442A1 WO 2016038442 A1 WO2016038442 A1 WO 2016038442A1 IB 2015001578 W IB2015001578 W IB 2015001578W WO 2016038442 A1 WO2016038442 A1 WO 2016038442A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power
power supply
storage battery
switch
period
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2015/001578
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
小林　美佐世
Original Assignee
パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 filed Critical パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社
Priority to CN201580048897.8A priority Critical patent/CN106797137A/zh
Publication of WO2016038442A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016038442A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H02J3/14—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/50—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
    • Y02B70/3225—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/70—Smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the energy generation sector
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
    • Y04S20/222—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a power supply control device that controls power supply from a power supply device including a power generation device and a storage battery to an electric load, a power supply control method, and a power supply device that combines the power supply device and the power supply control device.
  • a power supply device including a power generation device and a storage battery has been provided (see, for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 2005-143217).
  • a power supply device (independent power supply system) described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 2005-143217 includes a solar panel (solar cell module) and a storage battery that stores a DC voltage output from the solar cell module. This independent power supply system mainly charges the storage battery from the solar cell module in the daytime and mainly discharges the storage battery at night.
  • a power supply device provided with a storage battery such as the power supply device described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 2005-143217, is limited in the power that can be output, and when the power consumed by the electric load increases, the electric load is required. Power may not be sufficient.
  • the electric load required by the electric load becomes larger than the electric power that can be supplied from the power supply device, the electric load cannot be supplied.
  • the power supply device when power is supplied from a power supply device to a plurality of electric loads, even if the power supplied by the power supply device cannot satisfy the power required by all the electric loads, some of the electric loads are required. The power to do may be sufficient. Therefore, a technique for controlling the supply of power from the power supply device to the electric load according to conditions is known. That is, a technique is known in which the power required by the electrical load is controlled so as not to exceed the power that can be supplied from the power supply device by monitoring the power supplied from the power supply device to the electrical load.
  • the remaining battery level is not properly controlled, there may be a problem that the life of the storage battery becomes extremely short.
  • it is difficult to accurately measure the remaining battery level of the storage battery and in many cases, the remaining battery level is only estimated based on the battery voltage of the storage battery.
  • the present invention provides a power supply control device and a power supply control method capable of accurately estimating the remaining battery capacity of a storage battery used by a power supply device and relatively extending the period during which power is supplied from the power supply device to an electrical load. For the purpose. Furthermore, an object of this invention is to provide the electric power supply apparatus using this electric power feeding control apparatus.
  • the power supply control device is provided on a one-to-one basis on an electric circuit between a power supply device including a power generation device and a storage battery and a plurality of electric loads to which power supplied from the power supply device is supplied.
  • a plurality of switches in which an on state in which power is supplied to the electrical load from and a state in which power is not supplied from the power generator to the electrical load are individually selected, and on and off of the plurality of switches.
  • a control unit that individually controls, and a communication unit that communicates with the power supply device and receives information on a power generation state of the power generation device and information on a battery voltage of the storage battery, the control unit received by the communication unit
  • the control unit received by the communication unit
  • power can be supplied to supply power to the electric load during a period in which surplus power is generated in the power generated by the power generation device. Characterized by turning on a specific switch of said selected from a plurality of switches as the period.
  • the power supply device includes a power supply device including a solar panel and a storage battery, and the above-described power supply control device.
  • the power supply control method is provided on a one-to-one basis on a power path between a power supply device including a power generation device and a storage battery and a plurality of electric loads to which power supplied from the power supply device is supplied.
  • a power supply device including a power generation device and a storage battery and a plurality of electric loads to which power supplied from the power supply device is supplied.
  • a period in which surplus power is generated in the power generated by the power generation device that supplies power to the storage battery and the plurality of electric loads is maintained. Characterized in that it comprises a step of turning on
  • the remaining battery level of the storage battery used by the power supply apparatus can be accurately estimated, and the period during which power is supplied from the power supply apparatus to the electric load can be made relatively long.
  • FIG. 3A is an operation explanatory diagram of the embodiment
  • FIG. 3B is an operation explanatory diagram of a comparative example
  • 4A is an operation explanatory diagram of the embodiment
  • FIG. 4B is an operation explanatory diagram of a comparative example.
  • the power supply device described below includes a power generation device and a power supply control device.
  • the power supply control device is provided in an electric circuit between a power supply device that supplies power and an electric load that consumes power, and controls a supply period of power to the electric load according to the power supply capability of the power supply device.
  • the power supply device assumes a stand-alone power source.
  • the stand-alone power source means a power source that is electrically separated from an electric power system installed to supply power by an electric power company. This type of power supply device is sometimes called off-grid because it is independent of the grid that is the power system. This type of stand-alone power supply can be used even in remote areas or islands where electrification is not progressing.
  • the electrical load is in units of buildings, but may be in units of rooms in the building or in units of individual electrical loads.
  • the unit of the electric load means a range in which the electric path to the power supply device is opened / closed by one switch.
  • the plurality of electric devices arranged in the building are used as one unit of electric load.
  • the building may be a public facility such as a school or hospital in addition to a house. Since the power supply device is an independent power supply, it includes a power generation device.
  • the power supply device includes a charging device, a storage battery, and a power converter in order to receive power generated by the power generation device and supply AC power to the electric load.
  • the charging device outputs a direct current whose voltage is adjusted using the electric power generated by the power generation device.
  • the electric power output from the charging device is supplied to the storage battery and the power converter.
  • the power converter is a DC / AC converter, which converts DC power into AC power, and this AC power becomes an output of the power supply device.
  • the storage battery In order to supply electric power from the charging device to the storage battery and the power converter, the storage battery is always connected on an electric path connecting the charging device and the power converter. Therefore, during the period when the power generation device is generating power, the storage battery is float-charged. In the power supply device having this configuration, fluctuations in the output voltage of the power generation device are suppressed by the charging device, and fluctuations in power required by the electric load are suppressed by the storage battery.
  • the charging device not only supplies the power generated by the power generation device to the storage battery but also has a function of monitoring information for grasping the state of charge of the storage battery, such as the battery voltage of the storage battery.
  • the storage battery is in a fully charged state, and the generated power exceeds the power used by the electric load.
  • a surplus in power is generated. That is, if the generated power is not used for charging the storage battery and exceeds the power used by the electric load, a surplus is generated in the generated power. Since the power supply device is an independent power supply, such surplus power is discarded without being used.
  • the power supply device is assumed to have a capacity of several kWh to several hundred kWh and an output of several kVA to several tens of kVA.
  • the power supply device desirably includes a housing having a size that can be moved using an automobile or the like.
  • the housing is box-shaped, and the size of the housing is about the same as, for example, a transport container, and the width and height are about 2 to 3 m and the length is about 3 to 15 m. Is done. If the power supply device has such a housing, simply transport the power supply device to the installation site using the same means of transportation as the container, assemble the wiring on the installation site, and then lay the wiring with the electrical load. This makes it possible to use the power supply device.
  • the numerical value mentioned above is a numerical value as an example for describing embodiment, Comprising: It is not the meaning to limit.
  • the configuration in which the housing of the power supply apparatus can mount the solar panel is exemplified, but it is not essential that the housing can mount the solar panel.
  • the power supply control device 10 of the present embodiment is provided in an electric circuit between the power supply device 20 and the electric load 30 described above.
  • the power supply control device 10 can be used even if there is only one electrical load 30.
  • the power supply device 20 includes the solar panel 21, the charging device 22, the storage battery 23, and the power converter 24, and is mounted on the box-shaped housing 2 such as a container.
  • the power supply device 1 is configured by the power supply device 20 and the power supply control device 10, and the housing 2 is also used for transportation and installation of the power supply device 1.
  • the solar panel 21 is installed using the housing 2 or is configured to be self-supporting.
  • the solar panel 21 can be placed on a mount attached to the roof of the housing 2. It is also possible to support a part of the solar panel 21 with the roof of the housing 2 and support the remaining part with a column built on the ground. Alternatively, the solar panel can be placed on a stand that stands on the ground.
  • the installation work of the solar panel 21 may be performed either before or after the power supply device 20 is transported, but is usually performed at the installation site after transport.
  • the storage battery 23 used by this embodiment assumes the lead storage battery.
  • the lead-acid battery has the advantage that the relationship between the discharge amount (or remaining battery level) and the battery voltage is almost linear, the discharge amount is easy to manage, and it is relatively inexpensive and easy to obtain. have.
  • the storage battery 23 demonstrated below is not limited to a lead storage battery, the correction of the control content according to the kind of storage battery is required.
  • the charging device 22 is configured to stabilize the output of the solar panel 21 and output a substantially constant DC voltage.
  • the output voltage of the charging device 22 is determined by the recommended voltage that is the specification of the storage battery 23 and the connection mode of the storage battery 23, and is selected from, for example, 12V, 24V, 48V, and the like.
  • the charging device 22 has a function of controlling the value of the output voltage and the value of the output current by monitoring the battery voltage and the charging current of the storage battery 23. Lead acid batteries are overcharged when the battery voltage rises too much. Therefore, the charging device 22 of the present embodiment selects three types of charging states, ie, a first charging state, a second charging state, and a third charging state, and prevents the storage battery 23 from being overcharged.
  • the charging device 22 performs charging with a relatively large charging current.
  • the charging device 22 shifts to the second charging state.
  • the voltage value to be shifted to the second charging state is set so as to determine that the storage battery 23 has almost reached full charge.
  • the charging device 22 continues charging while maintaining the battery voltage at the set voltage value by intermittently flowing a charging current, and charges the storage battery 23 so as to approach full charging. continue.
  • the battery voltage of the storage battery 23 is maintained at the set voltage value, so that overcharging of the storage battery 23 can be avoided.
  • the battery voltage is maintained at the set voltage value, and therefore the period for maintaining the second charging state is determined using time. For example, the second state of charge is maintained for about 2 to 3 hours.
  • the charging device 22 transitions to the third state of charge.
  • the charging device 22 sets the output voltage to a voltage value lower than the voltage maintained in the second charging state.
  • the third charging state is a state in which float charging is performed, and the output voltage is lowered to a voltage value set for performing floating charging. This is because the storage battery 23 is overcharged if charging is further continued in a state where the storage battery 23 is fully charged.
  • the voltage value set in the third charging state is set to such an extent that the overcharge of the storage battery 23 is prevented.
  • the first charging state almost all the electric power generated by the solar panel 21 is used for charging the storage battery 23. That is, the maximum power generated by the solar panel 21 is used for charging the storage battery 23 in the first charging state.
  • An operation example of the above-described charging device 22 is shown in FIG. In FIG.
  • Vt1 is reached.
  • the threshold value Vt1 is set between a voltage value maintained in the second charging state and a voltage value maintained in the third charging state.
  • the threshold value Vt1 is appropriately set, a period in which the battery voltage is equal to or higher than the predetermined threshold value Vt1 is regarded as fully charged. It is possible.
  • the charging device 22 indicates that the storage battery 23 has almost reached full charge at time t2 when the battery voltage has reached a set value (voltage value maintained in the second charging state) set slightly higher than the threshold value Vt1. Deciding. That is, the charging device 22 shifts from the first charging state to the second charging state at time t2.
  • the voltage value for switching between the first charging state and the second charging state is appropriately set according to the specifications of the storage battery 23 and the like. In the operation example shown in FIG.
  • the threshold value Vt1 is set lower than the voltage value maintained in the second charge state, but the threshold value Vt1 is set to a voltage value set to be maintained in the second charge state. It is possible. By the way, if the output voltage of the charging device 22 is maintained at the set value in the second charging state to continue charging the storage battery 23 and continue charging after reaching full charge, the storage battery 23 becomes overcharged and overheats. To do. When the storage battery 23 is overcharged, deterioration of the storage battery 23 is promoted, resulting in a problem that the life of the storage battery 23 is shortened. Therefore, the charging device 22 is configured to lower the output voltage to a third charge state set value lower than the second charge state set value in order to prevent the storage battery 23 from being overcharged.
  • the output voltage of the charging device 22 is lowered to the set value of the third charging state at time t4.
  • the time t4 when the charging device 22 shifts from the second charging state to the third charging state may be after a certain time from the time t2, but the output of the temperature sensor that monitors the temperature of the storage battery 23 is used. You may decide based on. Since the storage battery 23 is fully charged at time t4, if the power generated by the solar panel 21 is greater than the power required by the electrical load 30 after time t4, at least a part of the power generated by the solar panel 21 is Discarded as surplus power.
  • the charging device 22 may use not only the battery voltage of the storage battery 23 but also the values of the charging current and the discharging current of the storage battery 23 in order to determine the timing for switching the charging state.
  • the solar panel 21 is generating power.
  • the power output from the power supply device 20 is generated using only the energy of the storage battery 23. Is done. Whether or not there is a surplus in the power generated by the solar panel 21 is determined by the charging device 22 supplying the values of the output current and output voltage of the solar panel 21, the value of the charging current to the storage battery 23, and the electric load 30. Judgment is made using the current value. That is, the charging device 22 determines that there is a surplus when the discarded power is generated among the power generated by the solar panel 21. The determination result of the charging device 22 can be taken out of the power supply device 20 as power supply information.
  • the power supply information includes information on whether or not the solar panel 21 is generating power and the value of the battery voltage of the storage battery 23. Therefore, the charging device 22 has a function of monitoring the output of the current sensor 25 and the like appropriately arranged in the power supply device 20, and generating and outputting power supply information.
  • the current sensor 25 shown in FIG. 1 is provided for measuring the charging current and the discharging current, other sensors are appropriately arranged.
  • the power converter 24 receives DC power from the charging device 22 or the storage battery 23 and outputs AC power.
  • the effective value of the AC voltage output from the power converter 24 is set to 100 V or 220 V, for example.
  • the charging device 22 and the power converter 24 are basically configured as a switching power supply. By the way, in the configuration example shown in FIG.
  • the power supply control device 10 includes a plurality of switches 33 that branch the main electric circuit 32 connected to the power supply device 20 into a plurality of load electric circuits 31 and are inserted for each load electric circuit 31. That is, the switch 33 is provided on the load electric circuit 31 on a one-on-one basis. Further, a case where a plurality of electrical loads 30 are connected to one load electric circuit 31 is handled as one electrical load 30.
  • the switch 33 is selected from, for example, an electromagnetic relay, an electromagnetic contactor, a remote control breaker, or the like.
  • an electromagnetic relay means a switch that drives a contact using an electromagnetic device equipped with an armature
  • an electromagnetic contactor means a switch that drives a contact using an electromagnet device equipped with an actuator that moves straight.
  • the remote control breaker means a breaker that can be remotely operated to turn on and off the contacts.
  • the switch 33 is not limited to a configuration having a mechanical contact, and may be a switch using a semiconductor switch as long as the switch 33 can be turned on or off according to an instruction to the primary side. It may be.
  • the on / off state of the switch 33 is used to mean that the secondary side electric circuit is conducted or cut off in response to an on / off instruction to the primary side of the switch 33.
  • On / off of the switch 33 is instructed from the control unit 11 provided in the power supply control device 10.
  • a solid line represents a power path
  • a broken line represents an information path.
  • the control unit 11 determines on / off of each switch 33 using the current flowing from the power supply device 20 to the electric load 30 and the power supply information output from the power supply device 20.
  • control unit 11 also uses the correction value stored in the storage unit 12 for determining whether the switch 33 is on or off.
  • the control unit 11 determines a condition for instructing to turn on and off the switch 33 for each switch 33.
  • Conditions are set to be longer. Conditions for the controller 11 to turn the switch 33 on or off will be described later.
  • a current flowing from the power supply device 20 to the electric load 30 is monitored by a current sensor 34 disposed in the main electric circuit 32, and the measurement unit 13 obtains a current value from the output of the current sensor 34.
  • the measurement unit 13 also monitors the output voltage of the power supply device 20.
  • the communication unit 14 that communicates with the charging device 22 acquires the power supply information.
  • the current sensor 34 has a configuration in which a winding is wound around an annular core such as a toroidal core, a Rogowski coil that is a flat air-core coil, and a magnetic active element such as a Hall element or a magnetoresistive element attached to the magnetic core. It is selected from the configuration.
  • the power supply control device 10 may include a circuit breaker (breaker) in preparation for a short circuit of the load electric circuit 31 or the main electric circuit 32 or an overload on the power supply device 20.
  • the breaker there may be a main breaker inserted into the main electric circuit 32 and a branch breaker inserted into each load electric circuit 31. Further, when the remote control breaker is used as a branch breaker, the branch breaker can also be used as the switch 33.
  • the control unit 11 of the present embodiment acquires power supply information from the power supply device 20 through the communication unit 14, and when the power supply device 20 shifts to the second charging state at time t2 shown in FIG.
  • the device 33 is turned on. That is, when the operation of the power converter 24 is started at time t ⁇ b> 2, power is output from the power supply device 20, so that the switch 33 is turned on in order to supply this power to the electric load 30.
  • the relationship between the capacity of the power supply device 20 and the power consumption of the electrical load 30 is determined so that all the switches 33 can be turned on.
  • the switch 33 corresponding to the specific electric load 30 can be turned on if the battery voltage of the storage battery 23 is equal to or higher than a lower limit value Vt2 described later.
  • the power supplied by the power supply device 20 varies. Therefore, the control unit 11 receives the current value flowing through the electric load 30 from the measurement unit 13 after turning on the switch 33. And the control part 11 restrict
  • the priority of the electric load 30 such as a lighting for a public facility such as a school or a fan is set to the highest priority, and the priority of the electric load 30 such as a pump for fetching water is set low.
  • the priority of the electrical load 30 such as household lighting is set to be relatively high, although it is lower than the lighting of public facilities, fans, and the like.
  • the power supply control device 10 controls the switch 33 so that electric power is supplied to the electric load 30 having a low priority only during a period when the electric power that can be supplied from the power supply device 20 is large.
  • the power supply control device 10 controls the switch 33 so that electric power is supplied to the electric load 30 having a high priority as long as possible.
  • the control unit 11 when the switch 33 corresponds to the electric load 30 having the lower priority, the control unit 11 is configured to generate excess power during the second charging state and the third charging state. The switch 33 is turned on during the generated period. On the other hand, when the switch 33 corresponds to the electric load 30 with the higher priority, the control unit 11 adds the storage battery in the first charging state in addition to the periods of the second charging state and the third charging state. The switch 33 is turned on during a period when the battery voltage of 23 is higher than the reference value.
  • the reference value is appropriately determined according to the priority order of the electric load 30, and the reference value may be different in each switch 33. In short, the electric load 30 with the lower priority is supplied with power only during the period when the storage battery 23 is almost fully charged.
  • the allowable range related to the battery voltage of the storage battery 23 is determined by the reference value according to the priority of the electric load 30.
  • the control unit 11 has received the power supply information through the communication unit 14, and the power supply device 20 discards the power due to a surplus in the third charging state during the period of operation in the second charging state. Recognize the period when When the control unit 11 recognizes from the power supply information that the storage battery 23 is almost fully charged, the current value notified from the measurement unit 13 is turned on once after all the switches 33 are turned on. It is turned off in order from the switch 33 with the lowest priority so that the capacity is less than or equal to.
  • the priority of the switch 33 is artificially determined by the location and type of the electrical load 30.
  • control unit 11 can turn on all the switches 33 only during a period in which the storage battery 23 is nearly fully charged, and in a period in which the storage battery 23 is not fully charged, an opening / closing corresponding to a specific electrical load 30 is performed. It is determined that only the device 33 is turned on. Note that the state in which the storage battery 23 is nearly fully charged is the second charged state and the state in which surplus power is generated in the third charged state, as described above.
  • the period during which power can be supplied to the electrical load 30 is a relatively long period from time t2 to time t5.
  • the control unit 11 uses not only the information related to the current of the main electric circuit 32 monitored by the current sensor 34 but also the power supply information acquired from the charging device 22 through the communication unit 14. Yes.
  • a configuration is assumed in which power is supplied to the electrical load 30 only during a period when the battery voltage of the storage battery 23 exceeds the threshold value Vt1.
  • a period in which the battery voltage exceeds the threshold value Vt1 is regarded as a period in which the storage battery 23 is almost fully charged.
  • the period during which power can be supplied to the electrical load 30 is the period from time t1 to time t3 in the operation example of FIG.
  • the technique of the present embodiment is compared with the comparative example in which the power supply period is from time t1 to time t3.
  • the period during which power can be supplied becomes longer when using. That is, in the operation of the comparative example in which the period during which the battery voltage is equal to or higher than the threshold value is set as the period in which power supply is possible, in order to prevent the overcharge of the storage battery 23, There is a possibility that the power supply period may be shortened.
  • the full charge of the storage battery 23 is maintained during the period in which the solar panel 21 generates power and discards surplus power, and the electric load 30 is also supplied during this period. Power supply is possible. Therefore, it is possible to extend the power supply period as compared with the configuration of the comparative example.
  • the state of full charge of the storage battery 23 is estimated by the state where the solar panel 21 generates power and discards surplus power, it is necessary to measure the remaining battery level of the storage battery 23. Absent.
  • the technique of this embodiment does not measure the remaining battery capacity, but estimates the full charge of the storage battery 23 by the combination of the state of generation and generation of surplus power. It becomes possible to suppress variations in accuracy.
  • the operation described above can be applied when controlling the switch 33 corresponding to the electrical load 30 with a low priority, and the power supply possible period T1 is compared with the electrical load 30 with a low priority. It is possible to make it longer.
  • the electric load 30 having a high priority is required to be able to supply power even during a period when the storage battery 23 is not fully charged, and to supply power as much as possible from the power supply device 20. That is, even in the first charging state where power supply to the electrical load 30 with low priority is stopped and the period during which the solar panel 21 is not generating power, power is supplied to the electrical load 30 with high priority. It is required to be possible.
  • the control unit 11 of the power supply control device 10 performs ON / OFF control on the switch 33 corresponding to the electrical load 30 having a high priority under the following conditions. Here, it is assumed that the power generated by the solar panel 21 cannot satisfy the power required for the electric load 30.
  • This state occurs not only in the period when the power generated by the solar panel 21 during the day is lower than the power required for the electric load 30, but also in the period when the solar panel 21 stops generating power at night.
  • the switch 33 corresponding to the electrical load 30 having a low priority is off.
  • the battery voltage gradually decreases according to the remaining battery level.
  • the control unit 11 of the power supply control device 10 sets the lower limit value Vt ⁇ b> 2 to the battery voltage of the storage battery 23 according to the priority order of the electric load 30.
  • the lower limit value Vt2 is set lower as the priority of the electrical load 30 is higher.
  • the minimum value of the lower limit value Vt2 is set so that the storage battery 23 is not overdischarged. That is, the control unit 11 of the power supply control device 10 monitors the battery voltage of the storage battery 23 using the power supply information acquired from the power supply device 20 through the communication unit 14, and when the battery voltage reaches the lower limit value Vt2, the switch 33 is turned on. The power supply to the electric load 30 is stopped by turning it off. In short, during the period when power is supplied to the electrical load 30 using the power of the storage battery 23, the control unit 11 turns on the switch 33 with the period when the battery voltage is larger than the lower limit value Vt2 as the power supply possible period T2. In the example of FIG.
  • the switchable power supply period T2 may be shortened by turning off the switch 33 due to a change in battery voltage. There is. For this reason, the control unit 11 stores the correction value stored in the storage unit 12 so that the control unit 11 does not turn off the switch 33 in response to an abrupt increase in power required by the electrical load 30. Is used to correct the battery voltage. That is, when the control unit 11 recognizes at least one of the state where the solar panel 21 is not generating power and the state where the battery voltage of the storage battery 23 is equal to or lower than a predetermined value based on the power supply information, the control unit 11 determines the power supply possible period T2.
  • the battery voltage to be corrected is corrected to a value higher than the battery voltage of the power supply information.
  • the predetermined value described above is set higher than the lower limit value Vt2.
  • the correction value for example, a voltage value to be corrected is associated with a power value consumed by the electric load 30, or a moving average of battery voltages obtained from power supply information is used.
  • the correction rule is determined to add 1 V per 1 kW.
  • the battery voltage for determining the power supply possible period T2 is 51V.
  • the latter correction value is adopted, even if the power consumed by the electrical load 30 changes suddenly, as shown by the one-dot chain line in FIG. 3A, the fluctuation of the battery voltage for determining the power supply possible period T2 is suppressed. .
  • the switch 33 is not immediately shut off, and the time later than the time t6 shown in FIG. 3B.
  • the power supply possible period T2 is extended until t7. By the way, the correction value described above can be determined automatically.
  • the electric load 30 can be turned on and off only, and the operation and stop of the electric load 30 are performed only by opening and closing the switch 33.
  • the power consumption in the electric load 30 and the battery voltage of the storage battery 23 change by switching the on / off state of the switch 33, but it may be considered that the remaining battery level of the storage battery 23 does not change.
  • the correction value can be determined using the difference ⁇ Wx in the power consumption of the electric load 30 before and after the switching of the switch 33 and the change ⁇ Vx in the battery voltage of the storage battery 23 before and after the switching of the switch 33.
  • the correction value is obtained by the following method.
  • the control unit 11 turns on the first switch only during the period when the storage battery 23 is fully charged (the period from time t2 to time t5 in FIG. 2), and second when the remaining battery level of the storage battery 23 decreases to the lower limit value Vt2. Assume that the switch is turned off. As in this example, the control unit 11 can determine the conditions for turning on and off the individual switches 33. Here, it is assumed that the control unit 11 controls the first switch and the second switch as follows. At time t10 (corresponding to time t2 in FIG.
  • the control unit 11 switches the first switch from off to on, and the battery voltage of the storage battery 23 before and after switching the first switch. And the power consumption of the electric load 30 are stored in the storage unit 12.
  • the control unit 11 turns on the first switch when there is no surplus in the power generated by the solar panel 21 at time t11. To turn off. That is, the power supply control device 10 stops power supply to the electric load 30 and the power supply device 20 shifts to the first charging state. Also in this case, the battery voltage of the storage battery 23 and the power consumption of the electric load 30 before and after switching of the first switch are stored in the storage unit 12.
  • the control unit 11 controls the second switch 33 to be on while the generated power of the solar panel 21 is stopped.
  • the second switch 33 is turned on.
  • the switch 33 is switched from on to off.
  • the battery voltage of the storage battery 23 and the power consumption of the electric load 30 before and after switching of the second switch are stored in the storage unit 12.
  • the value of the battery voltage of the storage battery 23 and the power consumption of the electric load 30 stored in the storage unit 12 after switching of the switch 33 is the value after about 30 seconds to 1 minute has elapsed since switching of the switch 33. It is desirable to use it. It is assumed that the result shown in Table 1 is stored in the storage unit 12 by the above operation. In Table 1, “-” added at times t10, t11, and t12 represents immediately before the corresponding time, and “+” added at times t10, t11, and t12 represents immediately after the corresponding time.
  • the correction values in Table 1 are values obtained by dividing the voltage difference ⁇ Vx of the battery voltage of the storage battery 23 by the power difference ⁇ Wx of the power consumption of the electric load 30 ( ⁇ Vx / ⁇ Wx).
  • the average value of the obtained correction values is 0.54, and this value is used as the correction value described above. That is, as in the example described above, when the battery voltage of the storage battery 23 is 50V and the power consumption of the electric load 30 is 1 kW, the corrected battery voltage is 50.54V.
  • the above-described method for obtaining the correction value is an example, and it is not essential to use the average value of the correction values obtained for the three types of control as the final correction value, and the voltage difference ⁇ Vx is consumed.
  • the correction value may be obtained using only the change when the switch 33 is switched from OFF to ON, and an appropriate value that is not 100 times the magnification may be used.
  • the above-described operation is based on the fact that the battery voltage of the storage battery 23 is lowered at the timing when the switch 33 is turned off and the power supply to the electrical load 30 is stopped during the period when the storage battery 23 supplies power to the electrical load 30. I have decided. Here, it is assumed that the point in time when the switch 33 is switched from on to off is a period in which power generation of the solar panel 21 is stopped.
  • the battery voltage of the storage battery 23 does not drop immediately even if power is supplied to the electric load 30.
  • the power generated by the solar panel 21 does not satisfy the power required to charge the storage battery 23 and the power required by the electric load 30, the battery voltage of the storage battery 23 immediately decreases to the electric load 30.
  • power supply stops in a short time As shown in FIG. 4B, it is conceivable to determine a determination value Vt3 for determining whether or not to resume power supply to the electric load 30, and to determine the determination value Vt3 to a value higher than the lower limit value Vt2.
  • the power supply possible period T3 is a period from time t8 when the battery voltage exceeds the determination value Vt3 to time t9 when the battery voltage returns to the determination value Vt3.
  • the power supply possible period T3 is limited to a shorter time as the determination value Vt3 is increased. Therefore, in the control unit 11, even if the battery voltage becomes equal to or higher than the lower limit value Vt2, if the solar panel 21 is not generating power, the condition is set so that the power supply to the electrical load 30 corresponding to the switch 33 that is off is not resumed. Is stipulated.
  • conditions are set so that power supply to the electric load 30 is not resumed even when the solar panel 21 generates power and the generated power is equal to or less than a predetermined reference value.
  • a predetermined reference value As described above, when the storage battery 23 is in the first charging state in the power supply device 20, all the electric power generated by the solar panel 21 is used for charging the storage battery 23. Therefore, even if the solar panel 21 starts power generation, power supply to the electric load 30 is not started during the period in which the storage battery 23 is used in the first charging state. In this operation, as shown in FIG.
  • the control unit 11, the storage unit 12, the measurement unit 13, and the communication unit 14 constitute an interface for exchanging information between a device including a processor that operates according to a program and another device.
  • the device is the main hardware element.
  • the device including the processor is selected from a microcomputer (Microcontroller) in which the processor is integrated with a memory, or an MPU (Micro Processing Unit) that requires the processor separately from the memory.
  • the program may be written in a ROM (Read Only Memory).
  • the program may be provided by a computer-readable recording medium.
  • the program according to the present invention is provided by a computer on a one-to-one basis on a power path between a power supply device including a power generation device and a storage battery and a plurality of electric loads to which power supplied from the power supply device is supplied.
  • a power supply device that individually controls on and off of a plurality of switches in which an on state in which power is supplied from the device to the electrical load and an off state in which power is not supplied from the power generator to the electrical load are individually selected.
  • the information on the power generation state of the power generator and the information on the battery voltage of the storage battery, and the controlling operation is performed according to the information received in the receiving step, after the storage battery reaches full charge,
  • the plurality of switches as a period during which power can be supplied during a period in which a state in which surplus power is generated is maintained in the power generated by the power generation device that supplies power to the load It includes operations to turn certain switches that are al selected.
  • the power supply control device 10 described above is paired on an electric circuit between a power supply device 20 including a power generation device (solar panel 21) and a storage battery 23 and a plurality of electric loads 30 to which power supplied from the power supply device 20 is supplied.
  • a plurality of switches 33 provided in one are provided.
  • the power supply control device 10 includes a control unit 11 and a communication unit 14.
  • the plurality of switches 33 are individually selected between an on state in which power is supplied from the power generator to the electrical load 30 and an off state in which power is not supplied from the power generator to the electrical load 30.
  • the control unit 11 individually controls turning on and off of the plurality of switches 33.
  • the communication unit 14 communicates with the power supply device 20 and receives information regarding the power generation state of the power generation device and information regarding the battery voltage of the storage battery 23. After the storage battery 23 reaches full charge, the control unit 11 supplies a period of time T1 during which power is supplied to the electrical load 30 during a period in which surplus power is generated in the power generated by the power generation device.
  • a specific switch 33 selected from the plurality of switches 33 is turned on.
  • the power generation device includes a solar panel 21 and the storage battery 23 is preferably a lead storage battery.
  • the control unit 11 estimates that the storage battery 23 has reached full charge based on information (power supply information) acquired from the power supply device 20 through the communication unit 14, the power generation device (solar panel 21) It is possible to recognize a state where surplus power is generated. Therefore, the control unit 11 can accurately determine whether or not the storage battery 23 is fully charged regardless of the battery voltage of the storage battery 23. For example, even when the power supply device 20 adopts a charging method that lowers the battery voltage after reaching full charge in order to avoid overcharging of the storage battery 23, the control unit 11 incorrectly sets the full charge state. Recognize without.
  • the control unit 11 sets a lower limit value Vt2 for turning off the switches excluding the specific switch among the plurality of switches 33 as compared with the battery voltage of the storage battery 23.
  • the control unit 11 increases the battery voltage of the storage battery 23 received from the power supply device 20 through the communication unit 14 according to the power consumed by the electrical load 30. It is desirable to correct.
  • the control unit 11 It correct
  • the power supply control device 10 described above changes the battery voltage of the storage battery 23 before and after the switch 33 is switched on and off, and changes in the power consumption of the electric load 30 before and after the switch 33 is switched on and off. It is desirable to provide a storage unit 12 for storing minutes.
  • the control unit 11 desirably has a function of calculating a correction value based on the change in battery voltage and the change in power consumption stored in the storage unit 12.
  • the procedure for obtaining a correction value for correcting the battery voltage to be compared with the lower limit value Vt2 can be automated, and the number of steps required for setting the correction value can be reduced.
  • the controller 11 is prohibited from newly turning on the switch 33 during the period when the storage battery 23 is discharged. That is, when any of the plurality of switches 33 is turned from on to off and the power consumption of the electric load 30 is reduced, the battery voltage of the storage battery 23 may increase, but the power generation device (solar panel 21) If power is not generated, there is no change in the amount of power that can be supplied by the power supply device 20.
  • the control unit 11 does not newly increase the number of switches 33 that are on, and does not increase the power consumption of the electrical load 30.
  • feeding the other electrical load 30 does not shorten the feedable period T3 than expected, but rather extends the feedable period T3. .
  • the control unit 11 turns off any of the switches 33 during a period when the power generation device (solar panel 21) is not generating power, if the switch 33 is turned on newly, the remaining battery level of the storage battery 23 becomes early. In addition, the storage battery 23 is not immediately charged. For this reason, when the storage battery 23 is a lead storage battery, the deterioration easily proceeds.
  • the switch 33 is not newly turned on, and therefore the period during which the remaining battery capacity of the storage battery 23 decreases is suppressed. As a result, shortening of the life of the storage battery 23 is suppressed, and the power supply device 20 can be operated over a long period of time.
  • the above-described embodiment is an example of the present invention. For this reason, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made according to design and the like as long as the technical idea according to the present invention is not deviated from this embodiment. Of course, it can be changed.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif 20 de source de puissance comprenant un panneau solaire 21, et un accumulateur 23 qui est un accumulateur plomb-acide. Un dispositif 10 de commande d'alimentation électrique comprend une pluralité d'interrupteurs 33 équipant respectivement des trajets électriques entre le dispositif 20 de source de puissance et des consommateurs électriques 30. Le dispositif 10 de commande d'alimentation électrique comprend en outre une unité 11 de commande et une unité 14 de communication. L'unité 14 de communication communique avec le dispositif 20 de source de puissance, et reçoit des informations se rapportant à l'état de génération électrique du panneau solaire 21, et des informations se rapportant à la tension de batterie de l'accumulateur 23. Une fois que l'accumulateur 23 est entièrement chargé, l'unité 11 de commande ferme un interrupteur spécifique 33, une période pendant laquelle la puissance générée par le panneau solaire 21 comprend une puissance excessive étant utilisée comme période T1 d'alimentation électrique possible pendant laquelle l'alimentation électrique d'un consommateur électrique 30 est assurée.
PCT/IB2015/001578 2014-09-12 2015-09-11 Dispositif de commande d'alimentation électrique, procédé de commande d'alimentation électrique, et dispositif d'alimentation électrique WO2016038442A1 (fr)

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JP2020072596A (ja) * 2018-11-01 2020-05-07 日東工業株式会社 独立電源システム
JP7149421B2 (ja) * 2019-07-08 2022-10-06 シャープＮｅｃディスプレイソリューションズ株式会社 電子機器、および電子機器の制御方法
CN115514032A (zh) * 2021-06-22 2022-12-23 中兴通讯股份有限公司 供电控制方法、装置和电子设备

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