WO2016026139A1 - 用于治疗非酒精性脂肪肝疾病的药物及应用 - Google Patents

用于治疗非酒精性脂肪肝疾病的药物及应用 Download PDF

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WO2016026139A1
WO2016026139A1 PCT/CN2014/085017 CN2014085017W WO2016026139A1 WO 2016026139 A1 WO2016026139 A1 WO 2016026139A1 CN 2014085017 W CN2014085017 W CN 2014085017W WO 2016026139 A1 WO2016026139 A1 WO 2016026139A1
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liver
fatty liver
medicament
fat
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French (fr)
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胡幼圃
李芷葶
石东原
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财团法人国防教育研究基金会
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Priority to CN201480081438.5A priority patent/CN107427489A/zh
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/335Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
    • A61K31/35Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/352Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. methantheline 
    • A61K31/3533,4-Dihydrobenzopyrans, e.g. chroman, catechin

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of medicine for treating symptoms of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and more particularly to a medicament and application comprising at least one bioflavonoid compound, wherein the medicament is for reducing liver fat and blood fat.
  • the liver is part of the animal's digestive system. It is also the main organ for the production and secretion of many digestive juices. The liver also has functions of absorption, metabolism, removal of toxic substances and immune protection. The liver is an important organ of fat metabolism and plays an extremely important role in the process of digestion, absorption, decomposition, synthesis and transportation of fatty foods.
  • the liver is free fatty acid (FFA) in the blood, which will eventually synthesize triglyceride (TG) in the liver and store it, or transport TG out of the liver into the blood circulation in the form of VLDL. . Therefore, once the liver is damaged, it can cause abnormal metabolism and accumulation of lipids (especially triglyceride, TG) in liver cells.
  • FFA free fatty acid
  • TG triglyceride
  • fatty liver means that the weight of fat in the liver exceeds 5% of the weight of the liver, or more than 10% of liver cells in the liver tissue have fat vacuoles. Phenomenon (see Clark JM and Diehl AM. (2003) Nonalcoholic ic fatty iver disease: an underrecognized cause of cryptogenic cirrhosis. JAMA 289: 300-304).
  • Hepatic steatosis especially non-alcohol fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
  • NAFLD non-alcohol fatty liver disease
  • AFLD alcohol ic fatty iver
  • NAFLD non-alcoholic fatty disease
  • other diseases such as obesity, diabetic a hyperl ipidemia and insulin in resistance.
  • NAFLD non-alcoholic ic steatohepatitis
  • NASH plays an important role in the mechanism of degeneration of fibrosis in the course of NAFLD (see Mulhal l BP, One JP and Younossi ZM. (2002) Non-alcohol ic fatty l iver disease: an Overview. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 17 : 1130-1143. ); Until 1998, Day found that 15-50% of NASH patients had different degrees of fibrosis (see Day CP and James 0FW. (1998) Steatohepatitis : a tale of two 'hits' ? Gastroenterology 114 : 842-845. ) , NAFLD began to receive the attention of clinicians. Today, NASH is not only a stage in the natural progression of NAFLD, but also because of its existence, NAFLD is no longer considered a benign liver disease.
  • NAFLD studies in North America, South America, Japan, Northern Europe, Southern Europe, Australia and the Middle East have found a prevalence rate of 10-39%, and the prevalence of post-mortem pathological anatomical histopathology is about 20%.
  • the rate of discovery of NASH is about 3-18%; among them, the prevalence of NAFLD in obese people is as high as 57-74% (4.6 times that of normal people), of which 20-25% have NASH.
  • Taiwan due to the improvement of the economic environment and diet, the prevalence of NAFLD has also increased year by year.
  • the pathogenesis of NAFLD is quite complicated, and the pathogenesis of NASH is still unclear.
  • the Day and James in the United Kingdom have proposed a two-hit hypothesis based on a large number of clinical and animal experiments.
  • the first hit Fatty liver appeared after the liver, and steatoh print at the second hit.
  • the first hit is due to excessive accumulation of fat in the liver, due to obesity, hyperlipidemia, diabetes and insulin resistance (IR); the second hit is due to oxidative stress.
  • the pathogenesis of NASH is mainly related to triglyceride lipid peroxidation, insul in resistance oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS) reaction, increased peroxidation of lipids in hepatocytes, or cytokine and liver cytochromes.
  • ROS reactive oxygen species
  • P450 cytochrome P450, such as CYP2E1 and CYP4A
  • cytochrome P450 such as CYP2E1 and CYP4A
  • NAFU The pathogenic factors are (1) insul in resistance : 98% NAFU) patients with insul in resistance, insul in inhibits lipolysis, and when peripheral tissues are resistant to insul in, it promotes triglycerides in hepatocytes. Decomposition and inhibition of esterification of free fatty acids, resulting in increased free fatty acids, resulting in liver fat lesions; (2) Obesity: 70-100% NAFLD patients with obesity.
  • Adipocytokines such as TNF_a, leptin, adiponectin, resistin and interleukin-6) have functions of regulating energy metabolism and immunity.
  • Oxidative stress The mitochondria is the main source of R0S in cells. Because of insul in resistance, NAFLD patients have high free fatty acids, resulting in the production of free radicals, destroying the mitochondrial respiratory chain, and damaging the mitochondria. , causing hepatotoxicity (see Dowman JK, Toml inson JW and Newsome PN. (2010) Pathogenesis of non-alcoholic ic fatty liver disease. QJ Med 103: 71-83, and French SW. (2001) Intragastric ethanol infusion model For cel lular and molecular studies alcoholic ic l iver disease. J Biomed Sci 8: 20-27), oxidative damage has long been considered to be a secondary hit that causes NAFLD to worsen into NASH and cirrhosis.
  • fatty liver Most of the formation of fatty liver is long-term intake of excessive animal fat, protein, and carbohydrates. Excess calories are converted into fat in the body and accumulate, leading to obesity and fatty liver.
  • the G0T/GPT values in the blood of patients with fatty liver may be normal. To correctly diagnose fatty liver, it is necessary to pass the ultrasound examination of the abdomen. The current accuracy rate is over 97%.
  • NAFLD has no specific therapeutic effect for specific curative effect.
  • the treatment policy is mainly to improve the potential risk factors or use drugs to control the progress of chronic diseases. It is recommended to treat the symptoms according to the formation of fatty liver, such as: Fatty liver caused by heavy weight, moderate weight loss; alcoholic fatty liver, need to rely on alcohol and a balanced diet to improve; long-term exposure to liver damage to chemicals or drugs, fatty liver, you must stop using these drugs immediately; Fatty liver caused by disease, such as hepatitis C, diabetes, high blood fat, etc., must be directed at the source, treatment of C liver, blood sugar, control of blood lipids; if the body factor causes triglyceride (TG) is too high, you must take a drop Blood lipid drugs can improve fatty liver.
  • TG triglyceride
  • Bioflavonoids are low-molecular natural plant phenolic compounds that exhibit a wide variety of pharmacological activities with low toxic side effects and are widely found in fruits, vegetables, grains, rhizomes, flowers, teas and red wines. It was confirmed that bioflavonoids have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, lower blood cholesterol and blood pressure, prevent cardiovascular diseases, and anti-cancer effects.
  • nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Non-alcohol ic
  • Fatty Liver Disease, NAFLD is a drug used to lower liver fat and blood fat.
  • the drug is selected from the group consisting of bioflavonoids which reduce hepatic lipids, blood lipids and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
  • a compound composition for treating symptoms of Non-alcoholic ic Fatty Liver Disease the present invention first (1) screening HepG2 Cel l to effectively reduce triglyceride, cholesterol Flavonoids (bioflavonoids), and study the effect of bioflavonoids on the hypolipidemic effect of H2G2 Cel1; (2) further in accordance with the "Method for Evaluating Blood Lipid Function of Healthy Foods" published by the Department of Health, The Syrian hamster (Syrian hamster), which is most consistent with human lipid metabolism, was tested and induced by Syrian hamster to induce nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Then, bioflavonoids with hypolipidemic and blood lipid functions were administered to non-alcoholic fat.
  • a safe, non-side-effect drug for treating non-alcoholic ic Fatty Liver Disease wherein the drug is selected from the group consisting of At least one of the group of flavonoids (bioflavonoids): (-) _Epicetechin_3_gal late, Paeoniflorin, Isorhamnetin, ethyl icosapentate quercetin Quercetin), Phloridzin, (-)-Epigal locetechin, Quercitrin, Hesperetin, (-)-Epigal locetechin-3-gal late Galic acid, kaempferol (Kaempferol), Hesperidin, Puerarin, Si lybin, Formononetin, Baicalein, Nordichydroguaiaretic acid, Baical in, Oleanol ic Acid, Daidzin, Glycyrrhizin, 6-Gingerol, Rutin, Gan Liquiritin
  • the drug is at least one selected from the group consisting of the following bioflavonoid compounds, or any combination thereof, and defines an effective dosage of each component thereof: (-) -Epicetechin-3-
  • the gal late content is 15 ⁇ 150 mg
  • the paeoniflorin content is 17 ⁇ 170 g
  • the isorhamnetin content is 8 ⁇ 80 mg
  • ethyl icosapentate The content of 0. 2 ⁇ 2 g
  • quercetin (Quercetin) is 1 (100 mg
  • the content of Phloridzin is 15 ⁇ 140 mg
  • the content of (-)-Epigal locetechin is 1 ( ⁇ 100).
  • the content of gram, quercetin is 15 ⁇ 150 mg
  • the content of Hesperetin is 10 ⁇ 100 mg
  • the content of (-)-Epigal locetechin-3-gal late is 15 ⁇ 150 mg
  • gallic acid Gal l ic Acid
  • Kaempferol is 1 ( ⁇ 00 mg
  • Hesperidin is 2 ( ⁇ 200 mg
  • Puerarin is 14 ⁇ 140 mg
  • Si lybin content is 16 ⁇ 16 0 mg
  • Formononetin content is 1 ( ⁇ 100 mg
  • Baicalein content is 10 ⁇ 90 mg
  • Nordic hydroguaiaretic acid is 1 ( ⁇ 00 mg, jaundice) (Baical in) is 15 ⁇ 150 mg
  • the content of octaco ocic acid is 15 ⁇ 150 mg.
  • the content of daidzin is 1 ( ⁇ 100 mg, Glycyrrhizin is 30 ⁇ 270 mg, and 6-Gingerol is 1 ( ⁇ 00 mg, Rutin).
  • the content is 20 ⁇ 200 mg, the content of liquiritin is 14 ⁇ 140 mg, the content of Phloretin is 1 ( ⁇ 00 mg, the content of daidzein is 1 ( ⁇ 00 mg, umbrella)
  • the content of Umbel l iferone is 5 ⁇ 50 mg, and the content of genistein is 1 ( ⁇ 00 mg, (-)-Epicatechin is 1 ( ⁇ 00 mg, Naringin)
  • the content of 16 ⁇ 160 mg, the content of neohesperidin is 2 ⁇ 20 mg, the content of Wongonin is 10 ⁇ 90 mg, and the content of capidinone (Capi l larisin)
  • the content of 1 ( ⁇ 00 mg, isol iquritigenin) is 10 to 100 mg and the content of Ursolic acid is 15 to 150 mg.
  • the medicament is for reducing liver fat, blood fat.
  • the medicament is used separately, simultaneously or sequentially.
  • the medicament is administered in the form of a gel, spray, pastille, lozenge or dispersible tablet.
  • the drug is included in a pharmaceutical pack, kit, or patient pack.
  • the present invention also provides the use of the above-mentioned medicament for treating the symptoms of Non-alcoholic ic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and an effective use thereof for the manufacture of a medicament for liver-free side effects.
  • NAFLD Non-alcoholic ic Fatty Liver Disease
  • the agent is administered in the form of a gel, spray, pastille, lozenge or dispersible tablet.
  • the medicament is included in a medical kit, kit, or patient pack.
  • the medicine for reducing liver fat, lowering blood fat and improving non-alcoholic fatty liver disease belongs to a low molecular natural plant phenolic compound, which is widely present in fruits and vegetables, grains, rhizomes, flowers, Tea and red wine, etc., have little toxic side effects, and after the animal test, the same result is obtained, and the safety is good.
  • the medicine for reducing liver fat and blood fat which is used for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, has the effects of reducing liver fat and blood fat without using other prescriptions; and comparing with common hypolipidemic drugs
  • the drug can effectively reduce the fat content in the liver, which has the effect of reducing liver fat, lowering blood fat and improving the symptoms of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Therefore, it has developed into hypolipidemic and hypolipidemic.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the second strike hypothesis of NAFLD pathogenesis.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing changes in the measured value of galactose single point method (GSP) after 12 weeks of test substance feeding by hamsters (HUCHE025, HUCHE033 and HUCHE086 test group) / no feeding (blank control, high fat control, blood lipid lowering control group); All data are:
  • Figure 5 shows the liver tissue section of the hamster feeding (HUCHE025, HUCHE033 and HUCHE086 test group) / no feeding (blank control, high fat control, blood lipid control group) test substance after 12 weeks.
  • the invention uses bioflavonoids as a screening compound group, and uses oleic acids to induce fat accumulation of human liver cell line Hep G2 as a NAFLD hepatocyte mode, which can reduce liver and blood fat and improve non-alcoholic fatty liver.
  • NAFLD Non-alcoholic ic Fatty Liver Disease
  • Example 1 Screening of bioflavonoids effective to reduce triglycerides by P G2 Cell 1. Test cell strain
  • test cell strain is Hep G2 cells of human hepatoma cells, and the oleic acid-induced Hep G2 cell line forms fatty liver cells, and then screening can effectively reduce TG in hepatocytes and culture medium. compound of.
  • DMEM Dulbecco ' s Modified Eagle ' s Medium
  • DMEM medium dissolved in 1400 mL mi ll i_Q water, stirred to dissolve and added 2 g HEPES, weigh 4 g soudium bicarbonate powder dissolved in 400 mL mi ll iQ water, stir to dissolve and add to the mixed dissolved liquid medium, add mi ll iQ water to 2000 mL, adjust the pH with 5 N HC1 The value is 7.3 ⁇ 0. 05.
  • a sterile dust station 0.2 ⁇ ⁇ m sterile filtration membrane medium, dispensed into 500 mL sterile serum bottles per 450 mL of sterile medium, stored at 4 ° C (called Medium A);
  • Medium B is 450 mL Medium A
  • FBS deactivated fetal bovine serum
  • 5 mL sodium pyruvate 100 mM 5 mL Penici ll in (100 U/mL) & streptomycin (100 U/mU and 5 mL MEM non-essential amino acids solution
  • Medium C is 450 mL Medium A force in 5 mL sodium pyruvate 100 mM, 5 mL penici ll in ( 100 U/mL) & streptomycin (100 U/mL) and 5 mL MEM non-essential amino acids solution lOO ;
  • Medium D is Medium B into oleate/ albumin complex, where oleate/ albumin complex is prepared according to Van Harken 245,
  • Bovine serum albumin (5 g) was dissolved in 25 mL Medium A, and the pH was adjusted to 7.4 with IN NaOH. After completion, the solution was placed in a (TC ice bath. oleic acid dissolved In 95% ethanol 50 mL, titrate with IN NaOH to the end point of phenolphthalein titration, then blow the ethanol with nitrogen. The sodium oleate formed in this step is dissolved in 37 ° Cingium A. Finally, the BSA solution is stirred while dropping into the sodium oleate solution.
  • the oleate/albumin complex solution can be prepared; Medium E is silymarin dissolved in Medium C; Medium F is the test drug dissolved in Medium C. Medium A ⁇ F is stored at 2 ⁇ 8 ° C, and placed at 37 ° C before the experiment. After warming in the water bath use.
  • fetal calf serum 500 mL of melted commercially available fetal bovine serum is placed in a water bath that has been warmed to 56 ° C for 30 minutes. After the time is up, the serum is quickly placed in crushed ice to cool down, after a few minutes. Transfer it to a sterile dust-free station and dispense in a 50 mL centrifuge tube and store in a -20 °C refrigerator.
  • Frozen cells Cells are attached to the bottom of the culture dish during cell culture, and when the cells are almost full, the cells must be collected, then frozen or colonized into new culture flasks for subculture and screening experiments. Cell freezing is performed in a 75T flask full of cells. The cells are first dispersed by trypsin-EDTA. Trypsin is a trypsin, which acts to decompose the attached proteins of the cells and the bottle wall. EDTA is a chelating agent, which acts to remove Ca2+. The Mg2+ ion, EDTA and trypsin work together to cause the attached cells to fall off the wall of the bottle. Leave 2 mL to continue the propagation.
  • the remaining cells were centrifuged at 120 rpm (5 rpm, 5 minutes), and then added to 4 mL of freezing medium (10% DMS0 + 90% FBS) and dispensed into 3 tubes of antifreeze tubes. Place the antifreeze tube in the freezer operation box (with 2-propanol), then put the freeze operation box into _8 (TC refrigerator for at least 24 hours; then quickly move the antifreeze tube to the liquid nitrogen tank or -13CTC refrigerator Medium.
  • Thaw the cells Remove the frozen cells on a floating pad and warm them in a 37 ° C water bath. The temperature should not be more than 3 minutes. After adding 11 mL of medium B to the 75T flask and mixing with the warmed frozen cells, the frozen cells were cultured in a 75T flask. After thawing, change the medium every other day, because 1% DMS0 will affect the growth of the cells, and then change the medium every 2 to 3 days depending on the cell growth.
  • 0. 1 M PBS buffer is prepared by mixing 190 mL soln' A force port 810 mL soln, B and 1000 mL mi ll iQ water, soln' A is 31 ⁇ 2 g NaH2P04. 2H20 is dissolved in 1000 mL mi ll iQ water. Soln' B is 35. 6 g NaHP04. 2H20 is dissolved in 1000 mL of mi ll iQ water.
  • the culture flask After adding 2 mL of trypsin-EDTA solution, the culture flask was placed in a 37 ° C incubator for about 3 minutes. After the cells were detached from the bottle wall, an appropriate amount of medium B was added to terminate trypsin (because Medium B contains fetal bovine serum, And serum contains trypsin Inhibitor, can terminate the trypsin effect), after mixing, extract 100 ⁇ l of the cell culture medium, calculate the number of cells by using 0.4% trypan blue, and then add fresh medium and then transfer to the new culture according to the dilution ratio (1: 6). In the bottle, continue to culture at 37 ° C in a 5% CO 2 incubator.
  • Cell count and survival test The step of the survival test is dye exclusion, using 0.4% trypan blue will infiltrate into the dead cells and color, the living cells are not intact because of the cell membrane, the dye can not penetrate and will not color.
  • a small amount of mixture (about 20 ⁇ l) was added from the upper groove of the hemocytometer chamber, and the cover plate was covered under a 100-fold inverted microscope. The living cells were not stained, and the dead cells were blue.
  • HepG2 cell line was divided into 6 groups: Blank group did not do any treatment, Blank+DMSO group did not do any treatment plus DMS0 (solvent solvent), Control group was induced with oleic acid Fatty liver cells, vehicle group, fatty liver cells plus DMS0, positive control group, fatty liver cells plus si lymarin as positive control group, Treatment group, fatty liver cells plus screening drugs.
  • test and analysis items include: Measurement of the content of TG in the cells and in the culture medium, the intracellular protein quantification, and the calculation of the relative content of intracellular TG.
  • the TG assay uses a commercially available combination reagent (Rand 0X ). Take 5 serial dilutions of standards (concentrations 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, and 80 g/mL, respectively), and serially dilute the standards and samples thoroughly blown dry with nitrogen. Add 500 enzyme reagents and mix well, react at room temperature for 30 minutes. TG in standards and samples produces 3 ⁇ 40 2 ; 3 ⁇ 40 2 and 4-aminophenazone and 4-chlorophenol via the action of enzymes such as l ipase, Glycerol-kinase and Glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase, producing a pink color via the action of peroxidase Quin 0 neimine. The absorbance of the standard and the sample at 0D525 is measured by a spectrophotometer within 60 minutes, and a standard curve is drawn. The sample can be used to derive the sample concentration using the standard curve.
  • BSA bovine serum albumin
  • control group 59. 43 ⁇ 4. 60 -
  • Test substance screening can reduce the TG content of HepG2 fat cells
  • Ursolic acid (Ursol ic Acid) 68. 56 ⁇ 21. 03 -17 ⁇ 15 Test substance screening can reduce the TG content in HepG2 fat cells and culture medium
  • the appropriate bioflavonoids were selected for different concentration tests.
  • the results of reducing the TG content in HepG2 adipocytes and culture medium were as shown in Table 3.
  • the results showed that the test substances were at different concentrations. (10 ⁇ ⁇ , 5 ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ), compared with the control group, the bioflavonoids have different effects on the TG content in hepatocytes and hepatocyte cultures.
  • Quercetin with a test concentration of 10 ⁇ M was the best (95 ⁇ 5%) and Hesperidin (92 3%).
  • the experimental design is based on the revised draft of the adjusted blood lipids assessment method for health foods of the Taiwan Department of Health (amended by the Department of Health Foods No. 0960403114).
  • the purpose of the study is to investigate the effects of bioflavonoids on blood fat reduction in improving fatty liver. Lipid content of 20% oil and 0.2% cholesterol (Cholesterol, TCH0) accounted for about 45% of total calories.
  • Test animals Select Syrian rats (Syrian hamster), which is most compatible with human lipid metabolism, and recommend the test animals recommended by the Department of Health for the "Methods for the evaluation of blood lipids in healthy foods". The number of test animals was only ⁇ 12.
  • the Blank group is a normal term; the HFD group is given a high-fat term; the blood lipid-lowering control group is a high-fat term and a tube is fed with Fluvastatin 10 mg/kg/day; the bioflavonoid test group is a high-fat term and a specific tube.
  • Three different doses of ethyl icosapentate such as mg/kg/day, equivalent to daily intake of 100 mg of hesperetin quercetin and 200, 1000 and 2000 mg of ethyl icosapentate in 60 kg of healthy adults.
  • Test methods Blank group normal vocabulary, HFD, PS and different bioflavonoids test group high-fat words to eat, Blank and HFD group once a day to feed the tube dd H20, PS group once a day feeding tube Fluvastat in, different bioflavonoid test groups, once daily with a tube gavage test sample hesperetiru quercetin and 24. 6, 123 and 246 mg/kg/day three different doses of ethyl icosapentate for 12 weeks. Before the start of the experiment, the biochemical functions of liver injury were detected by eye socket or cardiac blood sampling at 4 and 8 weeks after the start of the test: AST, ALT, TG, TCH0, LDL-C, HDL-C.
  • liver biochemical function was examined by eye socket or cardiac blood sampling, and the liver specimens were taken by caesarean section.
  • the hepatic weight/body weight ratio was compared after weighing, and the maximum right lobe liver was cut into two pieces.
  • the tissue block of about 1 cm cube was fixed in 10% neutral formalin solution, and the paraffin-encapsulated sections were stained with H&E for histopathological observation.
  • the remaining livers were frozen and tested for TG and TCH0 levels in the liver. It was approved by the US FDA and the Taiwan Department of Health, and the liver function of each group of animals was recommended by the Galactose single point (GSP) method for clinical use.
  • GSP Galactose single point
  • liver function biochemical index and blood lipid detection All hamster blood samples were allowed to stand at room temperature for 1 hour to cause coagulation. The serum was separated by centrifugation at 1, 700 x g for 5 minutes at 4 ° C in a refrigerated centrifuge. The liver biochemical index, such as AST, ALT, TG, Cholesterol, etc., is detected by an automatic blood biochemical analyzer. The principles of AST and ALT detection are based on the standard methods of international federal clinical chemistry.
  • H&E hematoxylin and eosin stain Staining method: The liver tissue sections were placed in xylene for 30 minutes for dewaxing, and then placed in 99. 5, 95, 70, 50 and 30% ethanol for 30 minutes each time to recover. Water can be dyed after soaking in distilled water for 10 minutes. First, soak the hematoxylin for 30 seconds to stain the nuclei, then rinse with distilled water for a few minutes, then stain with eosin for 2-5 minutes, and rinse with distilled water for several minutes. After the dyeing process is completed, the dehydration process is carried out, and placed in 50, 70, 95 and 100% alcohol twice for 30 seconds, then transparently treated with xylene twice, and finally sealed with a sealing rubber.
  • liver tissue was H&E stained to assess liver fat accumulation.
  • all histopathological sections were cut from the same position of the largest right lobe liver and then pathologically stained.
  • a double-blind analysis should be performed by a human or veterinary pathologist. All the sections are scored and compared without knowing the design of the experiment (Total HAI- score, see Knodel l RG, Ishak KG, Black WC, Chen TS, Craig R, Kaplowitz N, Kiernan TW and Wol lman J.
  • the results in Table 5 show that after 12 weeks of testing, blank control group (Blank), high fat control group (HFD), hypolipidemic control group (PS), bioflavonoid test group (HUCHE025, HUCHE033, H-HUC ⁇ 086, M-HUCHE086 and LHUCHE086), at week 0, during the 4th, 8th, and 12th week of the test substance administration, except for the H-HUCHE086 group (dose 246 mg/kg/day) during the 8th week of the test, due to galactose Single point method (GSP) analysis caused 1 death, the other did not have any abnormal symptoms; 12 weeks of trial, anatomical examination of all animals did not observe any visual changes caused by the test substance, in the administration of different biological types The flavonoid test substance did not cause any animal death during the test. After the test, the animal was necropsy, and no disease or clinical symptoms caused by the test substance were observed. Therefore, the test substance was safe.
  • GSP galactose Single point method
  • n/n is: Total number of abnormal or dead animals observed / Total number of animals examined;
  • n' /n' is: Number of abnormal or dead animals observed / Number of animals that survived the study period.
  • the H-HUCHE086 test group was significantly lower than the high-fat control group and the hypolipidemic control group (p ⁇ 0.005) in the HUCHE033 test group (p ⁇ 0.01), while the L-HUCHE086 test group was slightly lower than the high-fat control group (p ⁇ 0.05), but there was no statistical difference with the blood lipid lowering control group.
  • the hamster of fatty liver induced by high-fat diet has abnormal blood lipids, liver fat content and TCH0/HDL-C ratio, while HUCHE025, HUCHE033 and HUCHE086 can effectively reduce fatty liver hamsters.
  • HUCHE025, HUCHE033 and HUCHE086 can effectively reduce triglyceride and total cholesterol in blood, and effectively improve the phenomenon of fat accumulation in liver cells and liver function, and ingest bioflavonoids such as: HUCHE025, HUCHE033 and HUCHE086 can effectively reduce blood fat and improve the symptoms of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD).
  • NAFLD Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
  • the present invention provides a safe and non-side-effect drug for reducing liver fat and blood fat and for treating non-alcoholic ic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and application thereof. .
  • NAFLD non-alcoholic ic Fatty Liver Disease
  • Non-alcoholic ic Fatty Liver Disease NAFLD
  • NAFLD Non-alcoholic ic Fatty Liver Disease

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于治疗非酒精性脂肪肝疾病的药物及应用,其选自下列生物类黄酮化合物所组成群组中的至少一种:(-)-Epicetechin-3-gallate、芍药苷、异鼠李素、二十碳五烯酸乙酯、槲皮素、根皮苷、(-)-Epigallocetechin、槲皮、橙皮素、(-)-Epigallocetechin-3-gallate、没食子酸、山奈酚、橙皮苷、葛根素、水飞蓟宾、芒柄花黄素、黄芩素、正二羟愈疮酸、黄芩、二羟基香豆素、大豆苷、甘草甜素、6-姜辣醇、芸香素)、甘草苷、根皮素、大豆苷元、伞形花内酯、金雀异黄酮等,用于治疗非酒精性脂肪肝疾病的症状。

Description

用于治疗非酒精性脂肪肝疾病的药物及应用
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于治疗非酒精性脂肪肝疾病症状的药物领域, 特别是涉及含至少一种 生物类黄酮化合物的药物及应用, 其中该药物用于降低肝脏脂肪、 血脂肪。 背景技术
肝脏是动物体消化系统的一部分, 也是许多消化液制造与分泌的主要器官, 肝脏亦具有 吸收、 代谢、 清除有毒物质及免疫保护等功能。 肝脏是脂肪代谢的重要器官, 在脂肪类食物 上的消化、 吸收、 分解、 合成以及运输的过程中扮演着极为重要的角色。 肝脏由血液中所摄 取的游离脂肪酸(free fatty acid, FFA), 最终会在肝脏中合成三酸甘油脂(triglyceride, TG)并储存起来, 或以 VLDL的形式将 TG转运出肝脏进入血液循环中。 因此, 一旦肝脏受到损伤 后, 均可导致脂质 (尤指 triglyceride, TG) 在肝细胞内异常的代谢及堆积。
正常情况下脂肪约占肝脏重量的 3%, 临床上所谓 「脂肪肝」 是指肝脏内的脂肪重量超过 肝脏重量的 5%,或肝组织切片中超过 10%以上的肝细胞有脂肪空泡变现象 (请参阅 Clark JM and Diehl AM. (2003) Nonalcohol ic fatty l iver disease: an underrecognized cause of cryptogenic cirrhosis. JAMA 289 : 300-304)。 肝脏脂肪变性 (h印 atic steatosis) 特别 是指非酒精性脂肪肝疾病(non-alcohol fatty l iver disease, NAFLD), 过去大都被认为是 较良性且可逆的疾病, 因此较不被重视, 但近年来陆续的研究发现, 其可能引发肝脏纤维化 及肝硬化, 甚至是肝癌, 再随着肥胖人口增加, 亦有增加的趋势。 脂肪肝依照病因可区分酒 精性 (alcohol ic fatty l iver, AFLD)、非酒精性(non- alcohol fatty l iver disease, NAFLD) 或其它疾病, 如 obesity、 diabetic a hyperl ipidemia与 insul in resistance所衍生的月旨肪肝 疾病, 病理学外观上不外呈现脂肪变性(fatty metamorphosis or steatosis) , 脂肪性肝炎 (steatohepatitis) 以及肝纤维化(fibrosis) 甚至肝硬化(cirrhosis) 等表征,轻度脂肪肝 是指含脂肪变性的肝细胞少于 33%, 中度为介于 33-66%, 而重度则占 66%以上(请参阅 Cua IH. & George J. (2005) Non-alcohol ic fatty l iver disease. Hosp Med 66 : 106-111 ; Guo HX, Liu DH, Ma Y, Liu JF, Wang Y, Du ZY, Wang X, Shen JK and Peng HL. (2009) Long-term baical in administration amel iorates metabol ic disorders and hepatic steatosis in rats given a high-fat diet. Acta Pharmacol Sin 30 : 1505-1512; 及 Mulhal l BP, One JP and Younossi ZM. (2002) Non-alcohol ic fatty l iver disease: an overview. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 17 : 1130-1143) 。
欧美国家主要肝脏疾病是因长期饮酒过量, 因绝大部份肝脏疾病皆因酒精伤害所致, 但 近 15-20年, NAFLD却成为欧美国家中,肝功能异常必先考虑的病因(请参阅 Clark JM and Diehl AM. (2003) Nonalcohol ic fatty l iver disease: an underrecognized cause of cryptogenic cirrhosis. JAMA 289: 300-304. ) 。 Thaler曾在 1962年对 NAFLD有所描述, 1980年 Ludwig在一 群肥胖女性糖尿病及高脂血症患者中, 发现伴随的 NAFLD中提出 「非酒精性脂性肝炎」 (Non-alcohol ic steatohepatitis, NASH) , 随后在 1986年 Schaffner更再次强调 NASH在 NAFLD 病程中衍生纤维化的机制中扮演着重要的角色(请参阅 Mulhal l BP, One JP and Younossi ZM. (2002) Non-alcohol ic fatty l iver disease: an overview. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 17 : 1130-1143. ); 直到 1998年 Day发现有 15-50%的 NASH患者衍生不同程度的纤维化(请参阅 Day CP and James 0FW. (1998) Steatohepatitis : a tale of two 'hits ' ? Gastroenterology 114 : 842-845. ) , NAFLD才开始受到临床医师的重视。 如今, 在临床上 NASH不仅只是 NAFLD自然病程 发展中的一个阶段, 也由于其存在使得 NAFLD不再被视为一种良性的肝脏疾病。
目前在北美、 南美、 日本、 北欧、 南欧、 澳洲及中东地区的 NAFLD研究, 发现有 10-39% 的盛行率, 而死后病理解剖组织病理学检查中, 其盛行率约在 20%上下, 其中所伴随的 NASH 的发现率约为 3-18%不等; 其中肥胖者中 NAFLD的盛行率则高达 57-74% (是正常人的 4. 6倍), 其中 20-25%存有 NASH病变, 罹患肝硬化者亦占 2_3%; 在第二型糖尿病患中约有 75%罹患 NAFLD。 台湾地区近三十年来, 由于经济环境及饮食的改善, NAFLD盛行率亦有逐年增高趋势, 近年来 盛行率约 12-37%,与日本的 9-13%相较不远,其中非肥胖者盛行率约 10%,而属病态肥胖者 (BMI 大于 30者)盛行率则高达 80% (请参阅 Keiding S, Johansen S, Winkler K. (1982) Hepatic galactose el imination kinetics in the intact pig. Scand J Cl in Lab Invest 42 : 253-259, 及 Nistor A, Bul la A, Fi l ip DA and Radu A. (1987) The hyperl ipidemic hamster as a model of experimental atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 68 : 159-173)。
NAFLD致病机转相当复杂, 病程中衍生成 NASH真正致病机转仍尚不明确, 英国 Day与 James 根据大量临床及动物实验研究提出二次打击假说(Two-hit hypothesis), 第一个 hit后出现脂 肪肝 (fatty l iver) , 第二个 hit后则出现脂肪性肝炎(steatoh印 atitis)。 第一个 hit 肇因 于肝脏内脂肪的过度堆积, 原因有肥胖、 高血脂症、 糖尿病及胰岛素抗性(insul in resistance , IR) 等; 第二个 hit则是起因于氧化压力(oxidative stress) 及粒线体中 reactive oxygen species (R0S)作用, 造成肝细胞膜上月旨质过氧化 (l ipid peroxidation) , 释放出 pro_inf lammiatory cytokines及 free radicals, 活化星状细胞 (stel late cel ls)产 生纤维化,导致肝细胞患坏死(请参阅 Day CP and James 0FW. (1998) Steatohepatitis : a tale of two 'hits ' ? Gastroenterology 114 : 842-845; Dowman JK, Toml inson JW and Newsome PN. (2010) Pathogenesis of non-alcohol ic fatty l iver disease. Q J Med 103: 71-83; 及 Lin SC, Lin YH, Chen CF, Chung CY and Hsu SH. (1997) The hepatoprotective and therapeutic effects of propol is ethanol extract on chronic alcohol-induced l iver injuries. Am J Chin Med 25 : 325-332)和(图 1)。 而 NASH的致病机转主要与三酸甘油脂过氧 化作用、 insul in resistance^ oxidative stress、 reactive oxygen species (ROS) reaction, 增加肝细胞本身脂质的过氧化反应、 或与 cytokine及肝脏细胞色素 P450 ( cytochrome P450, 如: CYP2E1及 CYP4A) 的增进, 导致一系列自体免疫的相互反应有关(请参阅 Hu 0Y, Hu TM and Tang HS. (1995) Determination of galactose in human blood by high-performance l iquid chromatography: comparison with an enzymatic method and appl ication to the pharmacokinetic study of galactose in patients with l iver dysfunction. J Pharm Sci 84 : 231-235) 0
NAFU)致病因子有(1) insul in resistance : 98% NAFU)患者具 insul in resistance , insul in有抑制脂分解作用, 当周边组织对 insul in产生抗性, 会促进肝细胞中三酸甘油脂的 分解及抑制 free fatty acids的酯化, 导致 free fatty acids增加, 产生肝脏脂肪病变; (2) Obesity : 70-100% NAFLD患者具 obesity。 脂肪细胞素 (如 TNF_ a、 leptin, adiponectin, resistin与 interleukin-6)具有调节能量代谢及免疫的功能, 许多报告指出脂肪细胞素分泌 不正常将促使 NAFLD患者肝脏发炎及纤维化, 加重肝脏病变; (3) Oxidative stress : 粒线体 是细胞中 R0S的主要来源, 因 insul in resistance , 故 NAFLD患者具游离脂肪酸偏高的现象, 导致 free radical的产生, 破坏粒线体呼吸链, 损害粒线体, 造成肝毒性(请参阅 Dowman JK, Toml inson JW and Newsome PN. (2010) Pathogenesis of non-alcohol ic fatty l iver disease. Q J Med 103: 71-83, 及 French SW. (2001) Intragastric ethanol infusion model for cel lular and molecular studies alcohol ic l iver disease. J Biomed Sci 8: 20-27), 所以氧化伤害一直被认为是导致 NAFLD恶化成 NASH、 肝硬化的二次打击(second hit)。
脂肪肝的形成大多是长期摄取过多动物性脂肪、 蛋白质、 碳水化合物, 过剩的热量在体 内转化成脂肪囤积起来, 导致肥胖及脂肪肝。 脂肪肝患者血中的 G0T/GPT数值可能都正常,要 正确诊断脂肪肝, 必须透过腹部超音波检查, 目前准确率达 97 %以上。
根据 2009年 FDA公告, 目前 NAFLD尚无特定疗效的理想治疗药物, 治疗方针主要是改善潜 在危险因子或使用药物控制慢性疾病的进展为主, 建议依形成脂肪肝原因对症加以治疗, 如: 体重过重导致的脂肪肝, 须适度减轻体重; 酒精性脂肪肝, 需靠戒酒及摄取均衡饮食才能改 善; 长期接触伤害肝脏的化学物质或药物, 引起的脂肪肝, 则须立即停止使用这些药物; 疾 病引起的脂肪肝, 如 C型肝炎、 糖尿病、 血脂肪过高等, 须针对源头着手, 治疗 C肝、 血糖、 控制血脂; 若是体质因素导致三酸甘油脂 (TG)太高, 则须服用降血脂药物, 才能改善脂肪肝。 医学研究显示, 肝脏和血中过高 TG 是造成 NAFLD的危险因子, 亦是罹患冠状动脉心脏病、 高 血压等慢性疾病的重要危险因子, 因此如何降低肝脏和血中 TG便成了预防 NAFLD、 心脏病、高 血压等慢性病的重要课题。
然而目前临床常用降低血清 TG、 胆固醇药品常伴随者肝毒性 (h印 atotoxicity)、 肌痛、 肌炎、横纹肌溶解等肌肉病变 (myopathy)副作用, 其中降血脂药物中, 肌肉毒性是最值得关 注的副作用, 尤以 Statins 发生肌肉毒性比例最高, Fibric acid 次之。 目前研究证实: (1) 多数如: Atorvastatin (Lip i tor®立普妥)、 Rosuvastatin (Crestor®冠月旨妥)、 Pravastatin^ Fluvastatin (Lescol XL®)及 Simvastatin (Zocor®)等 Statin类药物确有肝毒性风险, 导致肝 脏内胆汁淤积, 引起黄疸或药物肝损伤(drug-induced l iver injury) , 甚至肝硬化和肝功能 衰竭; (2)降血脂药物具有 "驱脂"作用, 能将血液中的脂类 "驱赶"到肝脏, 而肝脏内本来 就已有脂肪堆积, 故对大量涌入的脂类难以进行处理, 脂肪便会堆积在肝脏内, 使得脂肪肝 更力口严重, 如: Fenof ibrate (Lipanthyl®)、 Gemfibrozi l (Lopid®)等 Fibric acid衍生物, 由此可知降血脂用药并不适合用于治疗 NAFLD。
生物类黄酮化合物 (bioflavonoids)是一低分子天然植物酚类化合物,表现出多种多样的 药理活性, 且毒性副作用小, 广泛存于蔬果、 谷物、 根茎、 花卉、 茶叶与红葡萄酒中, 许多 文献证实 bioflavonoids具抗氧化、 抑制发炎、 降低血胆固醇与血压、 预防心血管疾病、 抗癌 等作用。
由此可见,上述常用降血脂、胆固醇药物有其缺失,不适用于伴有高血脂症的 NAFLD患者, 故亟待加以改良。 发明内容
基于此, 本发明的目的在于提供一种用于治疗非酒精性脂肪肝疾病(Non-alcohol ic
Fatty Liver Disease, NAFLD)的药物, 该药物是用于降低肝脏脂肪、 血脂肪。
其中该药物是选自由生物类黄酮化合物 (bioflavonoids)筛选所得的化合物,该生物类黄 酮化合物可降肝脂、 血脂与治疗非酒精性脂肪肝疾病(Non- alcohol ic Fatty Liver Disease, NAFLD)。
解决上述技术问题的具体技术方案如下:
一种用于治疗非酒精性脂肪肝疾病(Non-alcohol ic Fatty Liver Disease, NAFLD) 症状 的化合物组成物, 本发明首先(1)以 HepG2 Cel l筛选可有效降低三酸甘油脂、 胆固醇的生物类 黄酮化合物(bioflavonoids), 并研究生物类黄酮化合物(bioflavonoids)对 H印 G2 Cel l的降 血脂的效果; (2)进一步根据卫生署公告的 「健康食品之调节血脂功能评估方法」 规范执行, 以肝脏脂质代谢与人体最为相符的 Syrian hamster (叙利亚仓鼠)进行试验, 并诱导 Syrian hamster引发非酒精性脂肪肝动物模式, 然后同时管喂具降肝脂、 血脂功能的 bioflavonoids 予非酒精性脂肪肝的 Syrian hamster, 而于进行为期 12周试验后, 抽血取肝脏分析该非酒精 性脂肪肝的 Syrian hamster的脂质含量各数据, 观察 bioflavonoids降肝脏脂肪、 血脂肪效用 对于治疗脂肪肝的影响;除了使用一般传统肝功能标记谷草转氨酶 (AST)、丙氨酸转氨酶 (ALT) 夕卜, 本案发明人更进一步利用半乳糖单点法(Galactose single point method, GSP) 进行大 鼠、仓鼠的肝脏剩余功能定量分析, GSP是一简易且可定量测定肝脏功能的方法, 该方法收载 于美国食品药品监督管理局 (FDA) Guidance for Industry, 中华民国行政院卫生署 「肝功 能不全病患的药动学试验基准」,与教科书 「Appl ied Biopharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics」 中。
在其中一些实施例中, 可达成上述发明目的的一种用于治疗非酒精性脂肪肝疾病 (Non-alcohol ic Fatty Liver Disease, NAFLD)的安全无副作用的药物, 其中该药物是选自 下列生物类黄酮化合物(bioflavonoids)群组中的至少一种: (-) _Epicetechin_3_gal late、 芍药苷 (Paeoniflorin) 、 异鼠李素 (Isorhamnetin) 、 二十碳五烯酸乙酯 (ethyl icosapentate) 槲皮素 (Quercetin)、 根皮苷 (Phloridzin)、 (-) -Epigal locetechin 槲皮 (Quercitrin) 橙皮素(Hesperetin)、 (-) -Epigal locetechin-3-gal late 没食子酸(Gal l ic Acid)、山奈酚(Kaempferol)、橙皮苷(Hesperidin)、葛根素(Puerarin)、水飞蓟宾(Si lybin)、 芒柄花黄素 (Formononetin)、 黄苳素 (Baicalein)、 正二轻愈疫酸 (Nordihydroguaiaretic acid) , 黄芩(Baical in)、 二羟基香豆素(Oleanol ic Acid)、 大豆苷(Daidzin)、 甘草甜素 (Glycyrrhizin)、 6-姜辣醇(6-Gingerol)、 芸香素(Rutin)、 甘草苷(Liquiritin)、 根皮素 (Phloretin) ,大豆苷元(Daidzein)、伞形花内酯(Umbel l iferone)、金雀异黄酮(Genistein)、 (-) -Epicatechin 柚皮苷(Naringin)、 新橙皮苷(Neohesperidin)、 汉黄苳素(Wongonin)、 茵陈色原酮(Capi l larisin)、 异甘草素(Isol iquritigenin)与熊果酸(Ursol ic Acid)。
在其中一些实施例中, 所述该药物是选自下列生物类黄酮化合物群组中的至少一种或其 任意组合, 并限定其各组分的有效使用剂量: (-) -Epicetechin-3-gal late的含量为 15〜150 毫克、 芍药苷(Paeoniflorin)的含量为 17〜170克、 异鼠李素(Isorhamnetin) 的含量为 8〜80 毫克、 二十碳五烯酸乙酯(ethyl icosapentate) 的含量为 0. 2〜2克、 槲皮素(Quercetin) 的 含量为 1( 100毫克、根皮苷(Phloridzin) 的含量为 15〜140毫克、 (-) -Epigal locetechin的含 量为 1(Γ100毫克、 槲皮(Quercitrin) 含量为 15〜150毫克、 橙皮素(Hesperetin) 的含量为 10〜100毫克、 (-) -Epigal locetechin-3-gal late的含量为 15〜150毫克、 没食子酸(Gal l ic Acid) 的含量为 5〜60毫克、 山奈酚(Kaempferol) 的含量为 1( ΐ00毫克、橙皮苷(Hesperidin) 的含量为 2(Γ200毫克、葛根素 (Puerarin) 的含量为 14〜140毫克、水飞蓟宾(Si lybin) 的含量 为 16〜160毫克、 芒柄花黄素(Formononetin)的含量为 1(Γ100毫克、 黄芩素(Baicalein) 的含 量为 10〜90毫克、 正二羟愈疮酸(Nordihydroguaiaretic acid) 的含量为 1( ΐ00毫克、 黄芩 (Baical in) 的含量为 15〜150毫克、 二羟基香豆素(Oleanol ic Acid) 的含量为 15〜150毫克、 大豆苷 (Daidzin) 的含量为 1(Γ100毫克、甘草甜素 (Glycyrrhizin) 的含量为 30〜270毫克、 6- 姜辣醇(6-Gingerol) 的含量为 1(Γΐ00毫克、 芸香素(Rutin) 的含量为 20〜200毫克、 甘草苷 (Liquiritin) 的含量为 14〜140毫克、 根皮素(Phloretin) 的含量为 1(Γΐ00毫克、 大豆苷元 (Daidzein) 的含量为 1(Γΐ00毫克、伞形花内酯(Umbel l iferone) 的含量为 5〜50毫克、金雀异 黄酮(Genistein) 的含量为 1( ΐ00毫克、 (-) -Epicatechin的含量为 1(Γΐ00毫克、 柚皮苷 (Naringin) 的含量为 16〜160毫克、新橙皮苷 (Neohesperidin) 的含量为 2〜20毫克、汉黄芩素 (Wongonin) 的含量为 10〜90毫克、茵陈色原酮(Capi l larisin) 的含量为 1(Γΐ00毫克、异甘草 素(Isol iquritigenin) 的含量为 10〜100毫克与熊果酸(Ursol ic Acid) 的含量为 15〜150毫 克。
在其中一些实施例中, 该药物是用于降低肝脏脂肪、 血脂肪。
在其中一些实施例中, 该药物是经分开、 同时或依序地使用。
在其中一些实施例中, 该药物是以胶、 喷剂、 软锭剂、 锭剂或可分散性片剂的形式投予。 在其中一些实施例中, 该药物被包含于医药包、 套组或病患包。
本发明还提供以上述用于治疗非酒精性脂肪肝疾病(Non-alcohol ic Fatty Liver Disease, NAFLD)症状的药物及其有效使用剂量用于制造无肝副作用的药剂中的用途。
在其中一些实施例中, 该药剂是以胶、 喷剂、 软锭剂、 锭剂或可分散性片剂的形式投予。 在其中一些实施例中, 该药剂被包含于医药包、 套组或病患包。
本发明所述的一种用于治疗非酒精性脂肪肝疾病的药物及应用具有以下优点和有益效 果:
1. 本发明所提供的可降低肝脏脂肪、 降低血脂肪及改善非酒精性脂肪肝疾病的药物,属 于低分子天然植物酚类化合物, 该酚类化合物广泛存在于蔬果、 谷物、 根茎、 花卉、 茶叶与 红葡萄酒等, 毒性副作用小, 且经动物试验测试后, 亦得到相同结果, 安全性良好。
2. 本发明所提供的可降低肝脏脂肪、血脂肪, 用于非酒精性脂肪肝疾病的药物, 其不需 搭配其它药方即有降低肝脏脂肪、 血脂肪的效果; 而与常见降血脂药物比较, 该药物除具降 血脂效果外, 更可有效降低肝脏中脂肪含量, 即具降肝脏脂肪、 降血脂肪及改善非酒精性脂 肪肝疾病症状的效用, 因此具有发展成为降肝脂、 降血脂、 改善非酒精性脂肪肝疾病症状的 保健食品或药物的潜力。 附图说明
图 1为 NAFLD致病机转的二次打击假说示意图。
图 2为仓鼠喂食 (HUCHE025、 HUCHE033与 HUCHE086试验组试验组) /不喂食(空白对照、高脂 对照、降血脂对照组)试验物质 12周后,肝脏重量 /体重比值 的变化量示意图; 所有数据均以 Mean 士 SD 表示 (n=15), ***表示各试验组与高脂对照组比较后 〈 0. 005。 图 3为仓鼠喂食 (HUCHE025、 HUCHE033与 HUCHE086试验组试验组) /不喂食(空白对照、高脂 对照、 降血脂对照组)试验物质 12周后, 肝脏中三酸甘油脂与胆固醇的变化量示意图; 所有数 据均以 Mean 士 SD 表示 (n=15), ***、 **、 *表示各试验组与高脂对照组、 降血脂对照组比 较后 < 0. 005、 p < 0. 01与 < 0. 05 ο
图 4为仓鼠喂食 (HUCHE025、 HUCHE033与 HUCHE086试验组) /不喂食(空白对照、 高脂对照、 降血脂对照组)试验物质 12周后的半乳糖单点法 (GSP)测定值变化量示意图; 所有数据均以
Mean ± SD 表示 (n=15), ***表示高脂对照组与空白对照、 降血脂对照与各试验组比较后 〈
0. 005、 **表示试验组与降血脂对照组比较后 < 0. 01。
图 5为仓鼠喂食 (HUCHE025、 HUCHE033与 HUCHE086试验组) /不喂食(空白对照、 高脂对照、 降血脂对照组)试验物质 12周后的肝脏组织切片图。 具体实施方式
本发明以生物类黄酮化合物 (bioflavonoids)为筛选化合物群组, 利用 oleic acids诱导 人类肝脏细胞株 Hep G2发生脂肪堆积作为 NAFLD肝细胞模式, 可降低肝脏中、 血液中脂肪与 改善非酒精性脂肪肝疾病(Non-alcohol ic Fatty Liver Disease, NAFLD) 症状生物化合物组 合°
本发明将就下列实施例作进一步说明, 然该等实施例仅为例示说明之用, 而不应被解释 为实施本发明的限制。 实施例 1 以 PG2 Cell筛选有效降低三酸甘油脂的生物类黄酮化合物 (bioflavonoids) 1. 试验细胞株
1. 1试验细胞株: 试验用细胞株为人类肝癌细胞的 Hep G2细胞, 以油酸 (oleic acid)诱 导 Hep G2细胞株形成脂肪肝细胞后, 再筛选能有效降低肝细胞及培养液中 TG 的化合物。
1. 2细胞培养技术
细胞培养基配制: 液体培养基 Dulbecco ' s Modified Eagle ' s Medium [DMEM] - (high glucose cat No. 12800017) , 取 DMEM培养基溶于 1400 mL mi l l i_Q水中, 搅拌使其溶解并加 入 2 g HEPES, 秤取 4 g soudium bicarbonate 粉末溶于 400 mL mi l l i-Q水中, 搅拌使其 溶解并加入混和已溶解的液体培养基中, 再加 mi l l i-Q水至 2000 mL, 以 5 N HC1 调整其 pH 值达 7. 3 士 0. 05。 在无菌尘操作台中, 以 0. 2 μ πι无菌过滤膜培养基, 每 450 mL无菌培养 基分装至 500 mL无菌血清瓶, 贮存于 4°C (称为 Medium A); Medium B为 450 mL Medium A加 入 50 mL去活化胎牛血清 (fetal bovine serum, FBS)、 5 mL sodium pyruvate 100 mM、 5 mL penici l l in (100 U/mL) & streptomycin (100 U/mU及 5 mL MEM non-essential amino acids solution; Medium C为 450 mL Medium A力卩入 5 mL sodium pyruvate 100 mM、 5 mL penici l l in (100 U/mL) & streptomycin (100 U/mL)以及 5 mL MEM non-essential amino acids solution lOO ; Medium D为 Medium B力口入 oleate/ albumin complex, 其中 oleate/ albumin complex 的制备是依据 Van Harken245等人在 1989年发表的方法。 Bovine serum albumin (5 g)溶于 25 mL Medium A, 再用 IN NaOH调整 pH值至 7. 4, 完成后将此溶液在 (TC冰浴下放置。 oleic acid 溶于 95% ethanol 50 mL, 用 IN NaOH滴定至 phenolphthalein滴定终点, 再将 ethanol用氮气 吹干,此步骤形成的 sodium oleate溶于 37°CMedium A。最后将 BSA溶液一边滴入 sodium oleate 溶液一边搅拌, 就可制备 oleate/albumin complex溶液; Medium E为 silymarin溶于 Medium C ; Medium F为试验药物溶于 Medium C中。 Medium A〜F置于 2〜8°C保存, 实验进行前放在 37°C水浴 槽中温热后使用。
胎牛血清去活化: 将融化的市售胎牛血清 500 mL放入已升温至 56°C的水浴槽中加热 30分 钟, 待时间一到即迅速将血清放入碎冰中降温, 数分钟后将其移入无菌无尘操作台中分装于 50 mL离心管中, 置于 -20°C冰箱保存。
冷冻细胞: 细胞培养时细胞贴附于培养皿底部, 而当细胞快长满时, 即须收集细胞, 然 后冷冻细胞或分殖至新的培养瓶中进行继代培养和进行筛选实验。 细胞冷冻是在长满细胞的 75T flask中, 先用 trypsin-EDTA将细胞打散, trypsin为胰蛋白酵素, 其作用为分解细胞与 瓶壁的附着蛋白, EDTA为 chelating agent, 作用为去除 Ca2+、 Mg2+离子, EDTA与 trypsin共 同作用使附着的细胞自瓶壁脱落。 留 2 mL继续繁殖, 其余的细胞以 120(T1500 rpm, 5分钟离 心去除上清液, 再加入 4 mL冷冻培养基(10% DMS0 + 90%FBS) , 分装至 3管抗冻管中。 将抗冻 管放入冷冻操作盒(内有 2-propanol), 再将冷冻操作盒放进 _8(TC冰箱冷冻至少 24小时; 之后 再迅速将抗冻管移到液氮槽或 -13CTC冰箱中。
解冻细胞:取下冷冻细胞放在浮垫上,并于 37°C的水浴槽回温,回温时间不要超过 3分钟。 于 75T flask中加入 11 mL的 medium B并和回温冷冻细胞混匀后, 回温冷冻细胞被培养于 75T flask中。 解冻后隔 1天就要换 medium, 因 1% DMS0会影响细胞的生长, 之后视细胞生长情况每 2〜3天更换 medium。
细胞继代培养: 每个培养瓶继代培养时, 需先吸掉旧培养液, 用 0. 1 M磷酸盐缓冲液 (phosphate buffer Sal ine, PBS, pH=7. 4)洗涤细胞 2次, 0. 1 M PBS buffer是以 190 mL soln' A 力口 810 mL soln, B以及 1000 mLmi l l i-Q水调配而成, soln' A是 31· 2 g NaH2P04. 2H20溶于 1000 mLmi l l i-Q水调配而成; soln' B是 35. 6 g NaHP04. 2H20溶于 1000 mLmi l l i-Q水调配而成。加 入 2 mL trypsin-EDTA溶液后, 将培养瓶放入 37°C培养箱中作用约 3分钟, 待细胞自瓶壁脱落 后, 加入适量 medium B以终止 trypsin作用(因 medium B含有胎牛血清, 而血清中含有 trypsin inhibitor, 可以终止 trypsin作用), 混合均匀后抽出 100 μ 1细胞培养液, 利用 0. 4% trypan blue计算细胞数目, 然后再添加新鲜培养基后依稀释比例(1 : 6)转移至新的培养瓶中, 于 37°C 含有 5% C02培养箱中继续培养。
细胞计数及存活测试: 存活测试的步骤为 dye exclusion, 利用 0. 4% trypan blue会渗入 死细胞中而呈色, 活细胞因细胞膜完整, 染料无法渗入而不会呈色。 取 100 μ 1细胞悬浮液与 100 μ 1 0. 4% trypan blue等体积混合均匀。 取少许混合液(约 20 μ 1)由血球计数盘 chamber 上方凹槽中加入, 盖上盖坡片于 100倍倒立显微镜下观察, 活细胞不染色, 死细胞则为蓝色。
2. 试验筛选方法
2. 1 细胞组别: 将 HepG2细胞株分为 6组: Blank组未做任何处理、 Blank+DMSO组未做任何 处理加 DMS0 (筛选药物的溶剂)、 Control组用油酸 (oleic acid)诱导形成脂肪肝细胞、 Vehicle 组脂肪肝细胞加 DMS0、 Positive control组脂肪肝细胞加 si lymarin做为正对照组、 Treatment 组脂肪肝细胞加筛选药物。
2. 2油酸诱导 PG2细胞株形成脂肪肝细胞:将 15 X 106的 H印 G2细胞用 medium B培养于 25T flask, 于培养箱培养 24小时后细胞贴附于 25T flask底部, 再用 medium C (serum-free培养 液)培养 24小时, 最后更换 medium D含有 oleate/albumin complex培养液培养 48小时, 就可成 功诱导形成脂肪肝细胞, 脂肪肝细胞形成后加入 si lymarin或筛选药物, 用以筛选有效降低脂 肪肝细胞及培养液中 TG的有效治疗化合物。
3. 样本分析
试验测定分析项目包括: 测量细胞内和培养液中 TG的含量、 细胞内蛋白质定量、 细胞内 TG相对含量的计算。
3. 1 测量细胞内及培养液中 TG含量: 将 15 X 106细胞用 medium B培养于 25T flask, 处理 不同剂量(1、 5、 10、 25和 100 μ Μ)中药纯成分, 72小时后细胞以 PBS清洗两次, 之后加入 Trypsin-EDTA 0. 5 mL培养 3分钟, 再加入 2 mL的 PBS将细胞刮下, 移到 15 mL离心管中, 接着 将其以超音波将细胞震碎,吸取 20 μ L细胞液测细胞内蛋白质含量。其余细胞培养液移至 15 mL 离心管中,力口 9 mL萃取液(chloroform: methanol=2: 1),将其均匀震荡混和,再加入 0. 73% NaCL lmL, 在 4°C下以 3000 rpm离心 5分钟使之分层, 吸取有机层部分溶液至另一小玻璃试管, 待其 溶液经氮气吹干, 留至后续测量 TG含量。 将培养液加 18 mL萃取液(chloroform : methanol=2 : l), 将其均匀震荡混和至乳糜状, 再加入 0. 73% NaCL 1 mL, 在 4°C下以 3, 000 rpm 离心 5分钟使之分层, 吸取有机层部分溶液至另一玻璃试管, 待其溶液经氮气吹干, 留至后续 测量 TG含量。
3. 2 TG含量测定: TG测定是用市售组合试剂 (Rand0X)。分别取 5 序列稀释的标准品(浓 度分别为 10、 20、 30、 40、 60和 80 g/mL), 将序列稀释的标准品及经氮气完全吹干的样品皆 加入 500 酵素试剂并混合均匀, 室温反应 30分钟。 标准品及样品中的 TG经由 l ipase、 Glycerol-kinase及 Glycerol- 3- phosphate oxidase等酵素的作用下产生 ¾02; ¾02和 4-aminophenazone及 4-chlorophenol反应, 经由 peroxidase的作用产生粉红色的 quin0neimine。在 60分钟内利用分光光度计测定标准品及样品于 0D525的吸光值, 绘制标准曲 线, 检品可利用此标准曲线推算出样品浓度。
3. 3细胞内蛋白质含量定量: 细胞液利用市售 Bio-rad protein assay kit进行定量,先 配制 BSA (bovine serum albumin)标准品, 浓度包括 50、 100、 200、 400和 600 μ g/mL。 取 20 上述细胞液 (n=3), 空白组的细胞液则以 20 L, 0. 85 %氯化钠溶液取代, 各管检品加入 0. 55 mL Biuret试剂 (含 0. 75 mmol/L Cupric sulfate, 94 mmole/L sodium hydroxide及 tartrate, iodide carbonate等), 混合均匀后室温静置 10分钟, 各管检品加入 25 μ L Fol in 试剂(Ciocalten' s phenol reagent) , 混合均匀后室温下静置 30分钟, 最后反应形成紫蓝色, 以分光光度计测量 0D525的吸光值, 检品吸光值对照标准品浓度, 内插标准曲线即可得到检品 蛋白质浓度。 细胞内三酸甘油酯相对含量的计算: 将上述所得 TG含量除以蛋白质含量所得比 值, 即代表细胞中 TG的相对含量。
4. 统计分析
所有的数据皆以平均士标准偏差 (SD)表示,试验结果以单因子变异数分析 (AN0VA)测试法 来计算是否具有统计上的显著差异, 使用 Statistical Package of the Social Science program (Version 13, SPSS Inc. )软件包来计算; 随后使用事后比较(post hoc test)最小 差异显著性(least significant difference)方法做多重比较, 以确认族群间的显著差异; 族群平均的显著差异为 p < 0. 05。
5. 试验结果
5. 1试验物质于 PG2 cell降血脂效用的影响
阳性对照组
阳性对照组(Si lymarin)所测出降低 HepG2脂肪细胞 TG含量结果如表 1、 表 2所示, 由表 1 可知当 Si lymarin的浓度为 100 μ Μ 时, 降低 pG2脂肪细胞中 TG含量可达 78 士 5%, 是以 100 μ Μ作为筛选降低 HepG2脂肪细胞 TG含量生物类黄酮化合物(bioflavonoids)试验物质测试 浓度。
表 1 阳性对照组降低 HepG2脂肪细胞中 TG含量结果
Si lymarin浓度 ( μ Μ) 细胞中 TG含量(wg/mg protein) TG降低率(%)
0 (对照组) 59. 43 ± 4. 60 -
1 44. 17 ± 2. 41 29 ± 8
5 44. 59 士 11. 53 28 士 10 10 26. 38 士 9. 12 63 士 11
100 20. 48 士 4. 76 78 ± 5 试验物质筛选可降低 HepG2脂肪细胞 TG含量结果
以 100 μ Μ作为生物类黄酮化合物(bioflavonoids)试验物质筛选测试浓度所测出降低 HepG2脂肪细胞 TG含量结果如表 2所示, 由结果可知在测试浓度 100 μ M条件下, 与对照组相比, 各生物类黄酮化合物对 HepG2脂肪细胞具有不同程度降低肝细胞 TG含量效果, 其中以 (-) -Epicetechin-3-gal late改善效果最佳(95 士 6 %)。
表 2 试验物质降低 HepG2脂肪细胞中 TG含量结果
试验物质(loo μ Μ) 细胞中 TG含量(wg/mg protein) TG降低率(%)
(-) -Epicetechin-3-gal late 9. 98 士 1· 27 95 ± 6
苟药苷 (Paeonif lorin) 13. 44 士 2. 35 89 ± 4 异鼠李素 (Isorhamnetin) 13. 56 士 1· 16 88 ± 5 二十碳五烯酸乙酯(ethyl
14. 56 士 1. 58 86 ± 3 icosapentate)
槲皮 (Quercetin) 16. 12 士 2. 67 83 ± 8 根皮苷(Phloridzin) 17. 78 士 3· 22 83 士 12
(-) -Epigal locetechin 19. 23 士 3· 13 77 士 10 槲皮苷(Quercitrin) 20. 45 士 4. 04 75 ± 8 澄皮素 (Hesperetin) 21. 12 士 7· 16 73 士 10
(-) -Epigal locetechin-3-gal l
22. 34 士 2. 88 71 ± 2 ate
没食子酸 (Gal l ic Acid) 22. 41 士 1. 56 71 ± 5
山奈酉分 (Kaempferol) 23. 14 士 3· 10 70 ± 7 橙皮苷(Hesperidin) 23. 59 士 4. 02 69 ± 8 葛根素 (Puerarin) 25. 38 士 4. 56 69 士 14 水飞蓟宾(Si lybin) 26. 45 士 4. 73 69 ± 9 芒柄花黄素 (Formononetin) 26. 78 士 4. 12 68 士 13
黄苳素 (Baicalein) 27. 65 士 12. 69 67 士 16 正二羟愈疮酸
27. 78 士 6. 11 62 ± 5
(Nordihydroguaiaretic acid)
黄苳 (Baical in) 28. 61 士 10. 25 61 士 13 二轻基香豆素 (Oleanol ic Acid) 29. 45 士 1. 09 59 ± 2
大豆苷 (Daidzin) 30. 34 士 11· 18 59 士 10 甘草甜素 (Glycyrrhizin) 30. 56 士 5. 22 57 士 11
6_姜辣醇 (6-Gingerol) 32. 56 士 3. 89 57 ± 5
芸香素(Rutin) 33. 78 士 4. 67 56 ± 6 甘草苷 (Liquiritin) 34. 56 士 3. 78 55 ± 5 根皮素(Phloretin) 34. 67 士 11. 28 55 士 14 大豆苷元 (Daidzein) 35. 66 士 1. 85 55 ± 3 伞形花内酯(Umbe 11 i ferone) 35. 19 士 3. 44 55 ± 6 金雀异黄酮(Genistein) 35. 46 士 6. 13 54 士 10
(-) -Epicatechin 36. 56 士 2. 22 53 ± 8 柚皮苷(Naringin) 37. 44 士 3. 99 52 ± 4 新橙皮苷 (Neohesperidin) 38. 12 士 2. 78 49 士 1
汉黄苳素 (Wongonin) 39. 04 士 8· 78 48 ± 3 茵陈色原酮(Capi l larisin) 43. 56 士 5. 23 41 ± 4 异甘草素 (Isol iquritigenin) 45. 11 士 3. 08 38 ± 6
熊果酸(Ursol ic Acid) 68. 56 士 21. 03 -17 士 15 试验物质筛选可降低 HepG2脂肪细胞与培养液中 TG含量结果
依据测试浓度 100 μ Μ初步筛选结果, 挑选合适生物类黄酮化合物进行不同浓度测试,所 测出降低 HepG2脂肪细胞与培养液中 TG含量结果如表 3所示, 由结果可知各试验物质于不同浓 度(10 μ Μ, 5 μ Μ, Ι μ Μ)的条件下, 与对照组相比, 各生物类黄酮化合物对 Η印 G2脂肪细胞具 有不同程度降低肝细胞中、 肝细胞培养业中 TG含量效果, 其中以测试浓度 10 μ Μ的槲皮素 (Quercetin)改善效果最佳(95 士 5 %)、 橙皮苷(Hesperidin)次之(92 士 3%) 。
表 3 试验物质降低 HepG2脂肪细胞与培养液中 TG含量结果
试验物质 细胞中 TG排除率 (%) 培养液中 TG降低率 (%) 测试浓度 ( Μ) 10 5 1 10 2.5 1 阳性对照组(Silymarin) 76±16 48 ±20 48±15 70±13 42±19 44±7 槲皮素(Quercetin) 95±5 92±12 67±5 92±8 90±11 61±7 橙皮苷(Hesperidin) 92±3 93±4 86±3 82±5 83±4 77±4
(-) -Epicetechin-3-gallate 89±14 80±19 56±3 79±10 76±15 49±3 二 十 碳 五 烯 酸 乙 酯 (ethyl
87±3 84±7 79±14 78±2 74±7 58±14 icosapentate)
澄皮素 (Hesperetin) 74±16 71±3 61±9 69±14 68±2 59±8 山奈酉分 (Kaempferol) 66±6 51±17 45±8 67±5 55±16 36±6 槲皮 (Quercitrin) 59±4 56±10 46±6 56±2 51±8 42±9 异鼠李素 (Isorhamnetin) 58±2 49±9 19±7 60±1 43±11 14±10
实施例 2 调节血脂功能试验一 Syrian hamster (叙利亚大鼠)
实验设计依据台湾卫生署健康食品的调节血脂评估方法修订草案(卫署食字第 0960403114号公告修正), 研究目的为探讨生物类黄酮化合物(bioflavonoids)降血脂效用对 于改善脂肪肝的影响, 利用给予脂质含量为 20%油脂与 0.2%胆固醇(Cholesterol, TCH0)占总 热量约 45 % 高脂词料 (High-Fat diet)的饮食 8-12周, 诱导产生单纯性脂肪肝的动物模式, 并同时并服不同的生物类黄酮化合物 (bioflavonoids), 评估其降血脂效用, 观察是否具达到 改善脂肪肝临床征状的效用, 分析血液 TG、 TCH0、 AST, ALT, 低密度胆固醇(LDL-C)与高密度 胆固醇 (HDL-C), 并于试验结束, 牺牲动物时分析肝脏中 TG、 TCH0与病理组织切片镜检。
1. 试验材料与方法
1. 1 试验动物: 选择在肝脏脂质代谢方面作用与人类最为相符的叙利亚大鼠(Syrian hamster) , 并且为卫生署公告 「健康食品之调节血脂评估方法」 规范建议采用的试验动物, 每组试验动物只数^ 12只。
1.2动物组别: 将试验动物随机分组【每组 ^12只雄性 6周龄之 Sprague-Dawley rat,体 重约 95克】分为空白对照组 (Blank)、 高脂对照组 (HFD)、 降血脂对照组 (Positive control, PS)、 生物类黄酮化合物 hesperetin (HUCHE025)、 quercetin (HUCHE033)与三组低中高不同 剂量 ethyl icosapentate (HUCHE086)试验组(L_HUCHE086、 M_HUCHE086、 H-HUCHE086) (受试 产品剂量摄取范围为人体每日建议最大摄取量 0.2-1倍)。 Blank组为正常词料; HFD组为给予 高脂词料; 降血脂对照组为高脂词料与管喂 Fluvastatin 10 mg/kg/day; 生物类黄酮化合物 试验组为高脂词料与个别管喂 100 mg/kg/day hesperetin、 quercetin以及 24.6、 123与 246 mg/kg/day等三种不同剂量 ethyl icosapentate , 相当于 60kg健康成人每日摄取 lOOOmg hesperetin quercetin以及 200、 1000与 2000mg ethyl icosapentate。
1. 3试验方法: Blank组正常词料, HFD、 PS与不同生物类黄酮化合物试验组高脂词料任 食, Blank与 HFD组每天一次以喂管灌胃 d. d. H20, PS组每天一次喂管灌胃喂 Fluvastat in, 不 同生物类黄酮化合物试验组, 每天一次以喂管灌胃试验样品 hesperetiru quercetin 以及 24. 6、 123与 246mg/kg/day三种不同剂量 ethyl icosapentate , 为期 12周。 试验开始前, 试验 开始后第 4、 8周, 以眼窝或心脏采血方式检测肝脏伤害相关生化功能: AST、 ALT, TG、 TCH0、 LDL-C、 HDL-C。最后于第 12周结束时秤重后全部牺牲, 以眼窝或心脏采血检验肝脏生化功能, 并剖腹取肝脏标本, 秤重后比较其肝重 /体重比值, 并将最大右叶肝割取两块约 1 公分立方的 组织块, 固定于 10 %的中性福尔马林 (formal in ) 液中, 石蜡包封切片后分别作 H&E 染色来 进行组织病理学观察。 另外将其余肝脏冷冻保, 进行检测肝脏中 TG、 TCH0含量。 并利用一美 国 FDA及台湾卫生署认可, 推荐给临床使用的定量肝脏剩余功能 Galactose single point (GSP) method检测法分析各组动物的肝功能 6,在 12周试验结束时,依动物体重每公斤给于 0. 5 g半乳糖溶液 (G. S. P. ® 0. 4 g/mL), 经由静脉给药, 投药完毕后 60分钟以"甘能滤纸"取大约 0. 5ml全血, 评估仓鼠肝功能。 GSP值愈高, 表示肝脏剩余功能愈差。
2. 试验测定分析项目:
2. 1血清: 测定与肝伤害相关生化功能
( 1 ) AST
( 2 ) ALT
( 3 ) Triglyceride (TG)
( 4 ) Cholesterol (TCH0)
( 5 ) LDL-C
( 6 ) HDL-C
( 7 ) 肝重 /体重 (%)
2. 2肝功能生化指数及血脂的检测: 所有仓鼠血液样品在室温下放置 1小时以使其凝结。 再以冷冻离心机于 4°C下 15, 700 X g离心 5分钟, 来分离血清。 再以血液自动生化分析仪检测 肝功能生化指数, 如 AST、 ALT, TG、 Cholesterol等, 其中 AST及 ALT检测原理是依据国际联邦 临床化学的标准方法。
2. 3组织病理组织切片: 12周试验结束, 所有仓鼠均予以牺牲, 于最大右叶肝割取一块 约 1 公分立方的组织块, 放入 10%的中性福尔马林中固定, 接着以不同浓度的乙醇(30、 50、 70、 95、 99. 5%)以及二甲苯(xylene)进行脱水与透明步骤, 然后以热石腊溶液取代二甲苯, 最后以石蜡溶液将组织进行包埋。 完成的石蜡标本利用切片机切成 5 μ πι的石蜡切片, 将切片 沾黏在干净载玻片上, 于 37Ό烘干后, 用做进一步 H&E染色。
2. 4 H&E (hematoxylin and eosin stain ) 染色法: 将肝脏组织切片置入二甲苯 30分钟 脱蜡, 再依序置于 99. 5、 95、 70、 50及 30 %乙醇各 30分钟以进行复水, 再浸泡于蒸馏水 10 分钟后即可染色。 首先浸泡苏木精 30秒染细胞核, 再用蒸馏水清洗数分钟, 接着使用伊红染 色 2-5分钟,用蒸馏水清洗数分钟。完成染色过程后进行脱水流程,依序放置于 50、 70、 95 及 100%酒精两次中各 30秒, 再以二甲苯进行透明化两次, 最后以封片胶封存。
2. 5 组织病理学的观察: 为观察肝损伤时, 肝细胞的受损、 脂肪堆积、 坏死或是否有纤 维化等变化, 将肝组织做 H&E染色以评估肝脂肪堆积程度。为避免观察主观上的偏差, 所有的 组织病理切片都是由最大右叶肝的同一位置切取下来, 再去做病理染色。 至于病理的半定量 分析的评估, 应由人医或兽医病理医师进行双盲分析确认, 在不清楚本实验设计的情况下, 所有切片进行评分比较 (Total HAI- score, 请参阅 Knodel l RG, Ishak KG, Black WC, Chen TS, Craig R, Kaplowitz N, Kiernan TW and Wol lman J. (1981) Formulation and appl ication of a numerical scoring system for assessing histological activity in asymptomatic chronic active hepatitis. Hepatology 1 : 431-435), 最后再以统计分析方法进 fi"各组差 异性的分析。
3. 统计分析:
所有实验数据均以 means士 SD表示, 统计分析选择使用 AN0VA ( analysis of variance), 比较试验前、 后上述三组不同剂量试验组各肝脏相关生化值变化, 是否具统计学上的显著差 异 (p〈0. 05), 加以评估判断试验样品是否具有保护肝脏或可降低其中某项危险因子的功能。
4. 试验结果
4. 1 试验物质对动物体重、 饲料摄取量的影响
表 4结果显示,经 12周试验后,空白对照组 (Blank)、高脂对照组 (HFD)、降血脂对照组 (PS)、 生物类黄酮试验组(HUCHE025、 HUCHE033, H- HUC昍 086、 M-HUCHE086与 LHUCHE086), 各组间动 物体重、 体重增加量与每日饲料摄取量在统计上均无显著差异 (P > 0. 05)。
表 4仓鼠喂食(HUCHE025、 HUCHE033与 HUCHE086试验组)/不喂食(空白对照、 高脂对照、 降血脂对照组)试验物质 12周后, 对体重、 体重增加量与词料摄取量的变化量 a
每日饲料摄取量 Ϊ 起 始 重 量 结束重量 (g) 体重增加 (g) 组别
(g) (g)
5. 8 士 0. 8 98. 3 ± 4. 2 151. 3 士 11. 5 53. 0 ± 8. 7 空白对照组
6. 1 士 1. 1 100. 8 ± 8. 9 157. 7 士 10. 6 56. 9 ± 11. 2 高脂对照组 5. 7 士 0. 5 97. 9 士 7. 5 143. 8士 11. 3 51. 9 士 9. 2 降血脂对照组
6. 9 士 1. 2 97. 4 士 4. 1 149. 3 士 8. 4 51. 9 士 7. 8
HUCHE025试验组
7. 1 士 0. 2 98. 2 士 8. 9 147. 3士 11. 3 49. 1 士 9. 8
HUCHE033试验组
5. 9 士 0. 6 98. 5 士 5. 5 150. 6士 14. 9 52. 1 士 10. 3
H-HUCHE086试验组
5. 7 士 0. 7 99. 3 士 8. 1 151. 1 士 11. 7 51. 8 士 8. 2
M-HUCHE086试验组
5. 9 士 0. 9 99. 9 士 4. 7 153. 7士 12. 4 53. 8 士 6. 1
L-HUCHE086试验组
a : 所有数据皆以 Mean : SD表示 (n=15)。
图 2结果显示, 经 12周试验后, 在肝脏重量 /体重比值 (mg/g hamster)分析比较上, 高脂 对照组显著高于空白对照(P < 0. 005),除 HUCHE033、L-HUCHE086试验组外,其余三组 HUCHE025、 H-HUCHE086与 M-HUCHE086试验组比值均显著低于高脂对照组 (p < 0. 005)。
4. 2试验物质的安全性数据
表 5结果显示,经 12周试验后,空白对照组 (Blank)、高脂对照组 (HFD)、降血脂对照组 (PS)、 生物类黄酮试验组(HUCHE025、 HUCHE033 , H- HUC昍 086、 M-HUCHE086与 LHUCHE086), 在第 0周, 与投予试验物质 4、 8、 12周期间, 除 H-HUCHE086组(剂量 246 mg/kg/day)于第 8周试验期间, 因进行半乳糖单点法 (GSP)分析造成 1只死亡外, 其它并无任何异常症状; 12周试验结束, 解 剖检査所有动物亦未观察到任何因试验物质所造成的肉眼变化, 在投予不同生物类黄酮化合 物试验物质, 试验期间无造成任何动物的死亡, 试验后牺牲动物剖检, 亦无观察到因试验物 质所造成的病变或临床征状的发生, 故该试验物质安全无虞。
表 5 仓鼠予试验期间死亡率与临床征状观察结果表
研究期间发生率 (η' /η' ) 总发生率 (n/n) 试验期时间
0 4 8 12
死亡率 HUCHE025 0/ ,15 0/ ,15 0/ ,15 0/ 15 0/ ,15
HUCHE033 0/ ,15 0/ ,15 0/ ,15 0/ 15 0/ ,15
H-HUCHE086 0/ ,15 0/ ,15 0/ ,14 0/ '14 0/ ,14
M-HUCHE086 0/ ,15 0/ ,15 0/ ,15 0/ 15 0/ ,15
L-HUCHE086 0/ 15 0/ 15 0/ 15 0/ 15 0/ 15
临床征状
活 动 减 退
(Hypoactivity)
HUCHE025 0/ ,15 0/ ,15 0/ ,15 0/ 15 0/ ,15
HUCHE033 0/ ,15 0/ ,15 0/ ,15 0/ 15 0/ ,15
H-HUCHE086 0/ ,15 0/ ,15 0/ ,14 0/ '14 0/ ,14
M-HUCHE086 0/ 15 0/ 15 0/ 15 0/ 15 0/ 15 竖 毛
(Piloerection)
HUCHE025 0/ ,15 0/ ,15 0/ ,15 0/ ,15 0/ ,15
HUCHE033 0/ ,15 0/ ,15 0/ ,15 0/ ,15 0/ ,15
H-HUCHE086 0/ ,15 0/ ,15 0/ ,14 0/ ,14 0/ ,14
M-HUCHE086 0/ ,15 0/ ,15 0/ ,15 0/ ,15 0/ ,15
L-HUCHE086 0/ ,15 0/ ,15 0/ ,15 0/ ,15 0/ ,15
粪便变色(Stool
Discolored )
(test
article-like)
HUCHE025 0/ ,15 0/ ,15 0/ ,15 0/ ,15 0/ ,15
HUCHE033 0/ ,15 0/ ,15 0/ ,15 0/ ,15 0/ ,15
H-HUCHE086 0/ ,15 0/ ,15 0/ ,14 0/ ,14 0/ ,14
M-HUCHE086 0/ ,15 0/ ,15 0/ ,15 0/ ,15 0/ ,15
L-HUCHE086 0/ ,15 0/ ,15 0/ ,15 0/ ,15 0/ ,15 表中: n/n为: 观察到的不正常或死亡动物总数(Total number of abnormal or dead animals observed) /受试验动物总数 (Total number of animals examined );
n' /n'为: 观察到的不正常或死亡云力物总数(Number of abnormal or dead animals observed) /石开究期间存活动物数 Number of animals that survived the study period。
4. 3试验物质对血清脂质的影响 表 6结果显示, 经 12周试验后, 在血清脂质相关生化值比较分析上, 经 12周的试验期,结 果显示生物类黄酮 HUCHE025 HUCHE033与三组不同剂量 HUCHE086试验组,血液 TG TCH0与 LDL-C 含量皆较高脂对照组低(P < 0.005), HDL-C则以 M-HUCHE086与 H-HUCHE086组显著高于其它实 验组(p〈 0.005); 比较 TCH0/HDL-C比值上, HUCHE025 HUCHE033与三组 HUCHE086试验组均显 著低于 HFD组(13.5 ± 5.9 p 〈 0.005); 分析 LDL-C/HDL-C比值上, 以 H-HUCHE086试验组比 值最低(0.5 士 0.1)、 HUCHE025 (0.8 士 0.3)与 M-HUCHE086 (0.9 士 0.4)试验组次之, 显著 低于高脂对照组(3.5 ± 1.5 p 〈 0.005)、 降血脂对照组(1.7 ± 0.5 p 〈 0.005)。
表 6 仓鼠喂食(HUCHE025 HUCHE033与 HUCHE086试验组) /不喂食(空白对照、 高脂对照、 降血脂对照组)试验物质 12周后, 对血清脂质相关生化值的影响表 空白對 組 ffl 誦 3 tJCEt匪 M撒 HE觀 Ufl: SE觀 mtw^ 255+5(5***
TCMO(m≠l) m i 37 携 i48
»,C ( gdl) ύ±2 98 + 1$*** 7S+1 tw 43+1!*** 64tlS*** 89+1
HDL-C (mgW) 43 ±11 ±n S4f 12** miti iJ8 Slill 腐卿 73111 腿 32*** 128+4S Mill* ί22±38***
MKv #S±11 謝《 ί2§: ±: *** mi 3i***
K丽腿, istm 13,515,?""**
i -€J BL ,3 ί at 3.5 iU*** L?±9,5 6ϋίΜ 所有数据皆以 Mean 士 SD 表示 (n=15)
4.4试验物质对肝脏脂质的影响
图 3结果显示, 经 12周试验期后, 在肝脏 TG TCH0含量分析, HUCHE025 M-HUCHE086与
H-HUCHE086试验组明显低于高脂对照组与降血脂对照组 (p < 0.005) HUCHE033试验组次之 (p < 0.01), 而 L-HUCHE086试验组则略低于高脂对照组 (p < 0.05), 但与降血脂对照组则无统计 上差异。
4.5试验物质对肝脏剩余功能与病理组织分析的影响
图 4结果显示, 经 12周试验期后, 在剩余肝功能分析上, 结果显示高脂对照组 (603士 75) 的 GSP显著高于空白对照组 (300士 47)、 降血脂对照组 (411士 99)、 HUCHE025试验组(289士 75)、 HUCHE033试验组(366 士 63)与 H-HUCHE086试验组(311 士 41) (p< 0.005) , 而 HUCHE025 与 HUCHE086试验组亦显著低于降血脂对照组(p〈0.01), 与正常对照组无异, 显示并服 HUCHE025、 HUCHE033与 H-HUCHE086仓鼠肝功能的确优于高脂对照与降血脂对照组, 亦代表筛 选的生物类黄酮化合物具有改善脂肪肝或保护肝功能的效果; 被 HUCHE086所改善的结果也反 映在相对应的肝脏组织, HUCHE086剂量愈高, 改善效果愈佳, 较接近正常仓鼠肝脏组织(如图 5)。
4. 6 总结
经以上试验数据显示经由高脂饮食引发脂肪肝的 hamster, 其血脂、肝脏中脂肪含量及其 TCH0/HDL-C比值皆有异常的现象, 而摄取 HUCHE025、 HUCHE033与 HUCHE086可有效降低脂肪肝 仓鼠的肝脏 TG、 TCHO堆积及改善 HDL-C、 LDL-C分布比例,其中以 HUCHE025与剂量 246 mg/kg/day HUCHE086改善效果最好, 且动物试验证实其 HUCHE025、 HUCHE033与 HUCHE086安全性良好。
经动物实验证实, HUCHE025、 HUCHE033与 HUCHE086确实可效降低血中三酸甘油脂、 总胆 固醇,并有效改善脂肪堆积在肝细胞与肝功能的现象,摄取生物类黄酮化合物,如: HUCHE025, HUCHE033与 HUCHE086可有效降低血脂肪、 改善非酒精性脂肪肝疾病(Non-alcohol ic Fatty Liver Disease, NAFLD) 的症状。
从上述内容可知: 本发明所提供的是一种可降低肝脏脂肪、 血脂肪, 用于治疗非酒精性 脂肪肝疾病(Non-alcohol ic Fatty Liver Disease, NAFLD)的安全无副作用的药物及其应用。
上列详细说明是针对本发明的可行实施例的具体说明, 惟该实施例并非用以限制本发明 的专利范围, 凡未脱离本发明技艺精神所为之等效实施或变更, 例如: 生物类黄酮、 生物类 黄酮衍生物、 生物类黄酮施用的浓度及比例, 以及天然降血脂化合物组合选用的种类等变化 的等效性实施例, 均应包含于本案的专利范围中。
综上所述, 本案不但在安全、 无副作用、 降肝脂、 降血脂、 治疗非酒精性脂肪肝疾病
(Non-alcohol ic Fatty Liver Disease, NAFLD) 的药物上确属创新, 并确实具有治疗非酒精 性脂肪肝疾病(Non-alcohol ic Fatty Liver Disease, NAFLD) 症状的效用。 以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式, 其描述较为具体和详细, 但并不能因 此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。 应当指出的是, 对于本领域的普通技术人员来说, 在 不脱离本发明构思的前提下, 还可以做出若干变形和改进, 这些都属于本发明的保护范围。 因此, 本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种用于治疗非酒精性脂肪肝疾病的药物, 其特征在于, 该药物是选自下列生物类黄 酮化合物群组中的至少一种: (-) -Epicetechin-3-gal late、 芍药苷、 异鼠李素、 二十碳五烯 酸 乙 酯 、 槲 皮 素 、 根 皮 苷 、 (-) -Epigal locetechin 、 槲 皮 、 橙 皮 素 、 (-) -Epigal locetechin-3-gal late, 没食子酸、 山奈酚、 橙皮苷、 葛根素、 水飞蓟宾、 芒柄 花黄素、 黄芩素、 正二羟愈疮酸、 黄芩、 二羟基香豆素、 大豆苷、 甘草甜素、 6-姜辣醇、 芸 香素、 甘草苷、 根皮素、 大豆苷元、 伞形花内酯、 金雀异黄酮、 (-) -Epicatechiru 柚皮苷、 新橙皮苷、 汉黄芩素、 茵陈色原酮、 异甘草素与熊果酸。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的用于治疗非酒精性脂肪肝疾病的药物, 其特征在于, 该药物是选 自下列生物类黄酮化合物群组中的至少一种, 各组分的有效使用剂量:
(-) -Epicetechin-3-gal late的含量为 15〜150毫克、芍药苷的含量为 17〜170克、异鼠李素的含 量为 8〜80毫克、 二十碳五烯酸乙酯的含量为 0. 2〜2克、槲皮素的含量为 1(Γ100毫克、根皮苷的 含量为 15〜140毫克、 (-) -Epigal locetechin的含量为 1(Γ100毫克、槲皮的含量为 15〜150毫克、 橙皮素的含量为 10〜100毫克、 (-) -Epigal locetechin-3-gal late的含量为 15〜150毫克、 没食 子酸的含量为 5〜60毫克、 山奈酚的含量为 1(Γ100毫克、 橙皮苷的含量为 2(Γ200毫克、 葛根素 的含量为 14〜140毫克、 水飞蓟宾的含量为 16〜160毫克、 芒柄花黄素的含量为 1(Γΐ00毫克、 黄 芩素的含量为 10〜90毫克、 正二羟愈疮酸的含量为 1(Γ100毫克、 黄芩的含量为 15〜150毫克、二 羟基香豆素的含量为 15〜150毫克、 大豆苷的含量为 1(Γ100毫克、 甘草甜素的含量为 3(Γ270毫 克、 6-姜辣醇的含量为 1(Γ100毫克、 芸香素的含量为 2(Γ200毫克、 甘草苷的含量为 14〜140毫 克、 根皮素的含量为 1(Γ100毫克、 大豆苷元的含量为 1(Γ100毫克、 伞形花内酯的含量为 5〜50 毫克、 金雀异黄酮的含量为 10〜100毫克、 (-) -Epicatechin的含量为 1(Γ100毫克、柚皮苷的含 量为 16〜160毫克、 新橙皮苷的含量为 2〜20毫克、汉黄芩素的含量为 1(Γ90毫克、 茵陈色原酮的 含量为 1(Γ100毫克、 异甘草素的含量为 1(Γ100毫克与熊果酸的含量为 15〜150毫克。
3、 如权利要求 1所述的用于治疗非酒精性脂肪肝疾病的药物, 其特征在于, 该药物是用 于降低肝脏脂肪、 血脂肪症状。
4、 如权利要求 1所述的用于治疗非酒精性脂肪肝疾病的药物 , 其特征在于, 该药物是经 分开、 同时或依序地使用。
5、 如权利要求 1所述的用于治疗非酒精性脂肪肝疾病的药物, 其特征在于, 该药物是以 胶、 喷剂、 软锭剂、 锭剂或可分散性片剂的形式投予。
6、 如权利要求 1所述的用于治疗非酒精性脂肪肝疾病的药物, 其特征在于, 该药物被包 含于医药包、 套组或病患包。
7、一种如权利要求 1至 3中任一项所述的用于治疗非酒精性脂肪肝疾病的药物在用于制备 无肝副作用的药剂中的用途。
8、 如权利要求 7所述的用途, 其特征在于, 该药剂是用于降低肝脏脂肪、 血脂肪。
9、 如权利要求 7所述的用途, 其特征在于, 该药剂是以胶、 喷剂、 软锭剂、 锭剂或可分 散性片剂的形式投予。
10、 如权利要求 7所述的用途, 其特征在于, 该药剂被包含于医药包、 套组或病患包。
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