WO2009135353A1 - 梅树提取物的用途 - Google Patents

梅树提取物的用途 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009135353A1
WO2009135353A1 PCT/CN2008/070877 CN2008070877W WO2009135353A1 WO 2009135353 A1 WO2009135353 A1 WO 2009135353A1 CN 2008070877 W CN2008070877 W CN 2008070877W WO 2009135353 A1 WO2009135353 A1 WO 2009135353A1
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Prior art keywords
extract
plum
composition
plum tree
tree
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PCT/CN2008/070877
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English (en)
French (fr)
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张英
陆柏益
刘志河
吴晓琴
石嘉怿
石丽花
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杭州尤美特科技有限公司
烟台新时代健康产业有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2008/070877 priority Critical patent/WO2009135353A1/zh
Publication of WO2009135353A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009135353A1/zh

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/73Rosaceae (Rose family), e.g. strawberry, chokeberry, blackberry, pear or firethorn
    • A61K36/736Prunus, e.g. plum, cherry, peach, apricot or almond
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/04Anorexiants; Antiobesity agents

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of health foods or pharmaceuticals. More specifically, it relates to a flower of a plum tree, a branch of a plum tree, a stem of a plum tree, a root of a plum tree, a leaf extract of a plum tree, and a combination thereof in the preparation of a medicine having a slimming effect and a health food. Background technique
  • Plum is a genus of the genus Osaceae, and its scientific name is Prunus mume S ieb. Et Zucc.
  • the horticultural cultivation is divided into plum and plum, and plum is divided into white plum, green plum and red plum.
  • W000/39249 discloses a medicinal plum extract and a composition containing the same, wherein the following is disclosed: "Using 5 volumes of methanol, stems and leaves of plum Extract of plum, plum and plum, the extract has anti-oxidation, gastric mucosal damage inhibition, aldose reductase inhibition, blood glucose increase inhibition, platelet aggregation promotion, alcohol absorption inhibition and anti-inflammatory Function: "The plum extract involved is obtained by alcohol extraction or dry distillation.
  • the methanol extract of the stem of the plum leaves contains pentacyclic triterpenoids.
  • the methanol extract of plum blossom contains flavonoids such as quercetin glycoside.
  • Orlistat orrl i stat
  • Orlistat acts on the gastrointestinal tract, blocking the absorption of some dietary fat, and its adverse reactions are basically gastrointestinal reactions
  • Ephedrine and caffeine increases metabolic rate and accelerates energy expenditure.
  • Side effects are caused by irregular heart rate and elevated blood pressure.
  • the application of natural Chinese herbal medicine to achieve weight loss and control body fat is currently a relatively common choice, but the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of various traditional Chinese medicines for weight loss are still unclear, so that their use often has great blindness, resulting in poor results.
  • fatty acid synthase (EC 2. 3. 1. 85, formerly known as Fatty ac id synthase, abbreviated as FAS) is closely related to obesity.
  • Sc ience 2000 288: 2379-2381 injection of FAS inhibitors significantly reduced appetite and body weight in obese rats. Studies have shown that inhibition of FAS leads to the accumulation of its substrate malonyl-CoA.
  • Malonyl-CoA acts as a biofuel signal and inhibits the expression of the hypothalamic signal peptide Y, thereby suppressing appetite and reducing body weight. Therefore, they suggest that there may be an important link between FAS and appetite regulation, and are potential targets for the treatment of obesity. This finding indicates that FAS is very likely to become a new target for weight control and appetite. The development of FAS inhibitors is likely to become a new way to develop diet pills.
  • the FAS inhibitor cerulenin is a selective cytotoxin for human cancer cells and has broad-spectrum resistance to many cancer cell lines in humans, including breast cancer ⁇ 0?-7,21?-75-1,313 ⁇ 41?3 , 0 435), ovarian cancer (0VCAR-3), colon cancer (HCT1 16, RK0), leukemia (HL60) and prostate (TSU-prl), studies have also found that cerulenin is associated with cancer cell toxicity and fatty acid synthesis .
  • a plum extract for the preparation of a composition for the treatment or prevention of obesity (i.e., fat reduction).
  • the composition is further for inhibiting enzymatic activity of a fatty acid synthase and/or suppressing appetite.
  • a plum extract for the preparation of a fatty acid synthase inhibitor composition.
  • the inhibitor composition can also be used to (a) lose weight; and/or (b) reduce food
  • a plum extract in the preparation of an appetite reducing composition.
  • the composition may also be used to (a) lose weight; and/or (b) inhibit the enzymatic activity of a fatty acid synthase.
  • a plum extract useful for reducing weight, reducing appetite and/or inhibiting enzymatic activity of fatty acid synthase.
  • the plum extract comprises water-soluble and/or fat-soluble extracts of flowers, branches, leaves, roots, and/or trunks of plum trees.
  • the plum tree extract is a non-fruit extract of plum, especially a flower, branch, and/or leaf extract of plum.
  • the plum tree extract is a supercritical co 2 extract, an organic solvent extract, an aqueous extract, or a mixture thereof.
  • the plum extract contains 1-50% by weight of squalene, based on the total weight of the extract.
  • the plum tree extract contains at least one of the following ten compounds (eg,
  • the plum tree is a plum tree of the family Rosaceae; more preferably, the plum tree is a green plum.
  • a plum tree composition useful for reducing weight, reducing appetite and/or inhibiting enzymatic activity of fatty acid synthase.
  • the composition includes a pharmaceutical composition, a food composition, a dietary supplement composition, a health care product composition or a food additive composition.
  • the composition further comprises an additional component selected from the group consisting of: plum extract, tea extract, natural capsaicin, L-carnitine, caffeine, meal Fiber or a combination thereof.
  • composition is selected from the group consisting of
  • a method of weight loss comprising the steps of: applying a plum extract to a subject in need thereof.
  • the invention also provides a method for reducing appetite, which comprises the steps of: applying plum to a subject in need thereof Tree extract.
  • the present invention also provides a method of inhibiting the activity of a fatty acid synthase comprising the steps of: applying a plum extract to a subject in need thereof.
  • the application amount is 500-1000 mg / 60 kg body weight per day on average, and the administration time is 1 week - 1 year or longer.
  • the subject is a mammal, more preferably a human.
  • the plum tree extract is a non-fruit extract.
  • composition includes (a) a composition for treating, preventing obesity, (b) a FAS inhibitor composition, and/or (c) an appetite reducing composition.
  • Mei Pr draws s es e e ieh.
  • Et Zucc refers to the genus Syzygium (TPosaceae).
  • Plum trees which can be used in the present invention include white plum, green plum and red plum, and more preferably green plum.
  • the plum tree extract provided by the present invention may be derived from all of the plum trees, preferably the non-fruit portions thereof.
  • the non-fruit portion includes flowers, branches, rods, roots, or leaves.
  • Plum blossoms are mainly unfruited flowers. They are dried after sun-dried, dried or dried for later use.
  • Plum branches can be spring-cutted vegetative shoots, autumn-pruned branches, or plum-cut branches, dried, Cut off, crushed and spared; plum and plum roots are derived from plum trees after felling; plum leaves are generally collected in summer and autumn, and dried for use.
  • extracts include water-soluble and/or fat-soluble extracts.
  • the term also includes alcohol extracts, or aqueous extracts. Further, it also includes an effective site group, i.e., an extract containing a fat-soluble effective site and a water-soluble active site, or a mixture thereof.
  • the plum tree extract which can be used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be a water-soluble and/or fat-soluble extract obtained by a conventional method using a fruit or a non-fruit portion of plum tree as a raw material.
  • the fat-soluble active site is an extract obtained by extracting the above-mentioned non-fruit portion with supercritical CO 2 or a non-polar organic solvent, containing long-chain alkanes, multiolefins, V E , and alcohol compounds;
  • the effective part is obtained by extracting the solvent by supercritical co 2 extraction or organic solvent leaching, extracting with an aqueous solution, and obtaining by other high-efficiency extraction and separation means, containing flavonoids and triterpenoid saponins.
  • the method for preparing the non-fruit partial effective portion group of the plum tree is obtained by stepwise extraction using plum, plum, plum, plum, and plum leaves as raw materials respectively:
  • the plum, plum, plum, plum, and plum leaves are used as raw materials. After drying and crushing, they are extracted with supercritical CO 2 fluid or non-polar organic solvent to obtain long-chain alkanes and polyenes. , extracts of triterpenoids and sterols, ie fat-soluble active parts of flowers, branches, rods, roots, leaves;
  • the method for preparing the non-fruit portion of the plum tree is prepared by using plum, plum, plum, plum, and plum leaves as raw materials, and optionally, after drying and crushing, adding a certain volume of methanol or ethanol solution, Extraction, hot reflux extraction, microwave-assisted extraction or ultrasonic-assisted extraction, the extract is filtered, concentrated, and dried to obtain an alcohol extract of the non-fruit portion of the plum tree.
  • the methanol or ethanol solution has a volume concentration of 70-95%.
  • the preparation method of the non-fruit partial water extract of plum tree is based on plum blossom, plum branch, plum, plum root, plum leaf, etc., and is immersed in water to swell and then heated to reflux, and the extract is concentrated to a certain volume (usually 1 :
  • Extracts of the plum fruit portion can be obtained using methods commonly used in the art. Use
  • Plum extract can be used as an effective ingredient in a composition for treating or preventing obesity.
  • the plum tree extract may include a fat-soluble effective part of the non-fruit part of the plum tree, a water-soluble effective part of the non-fruit part of the plum tree, an alcohol extract of the non-fruit part of the plum tree, a non-fruit part of the plum tree, and a plum tree fruit. Partial extract, or a mixture thereof.
  • the non-fruit portion of the plum tree is a fat-soluble effective portion, a water-soluble effective portion, and a plum tree fruit extract; more preferably, the non-fruit portion of the plum tree is a fat-soluble effective portion and a water-soluble effective portion.
  • the plum tree extract described in the composition contains at least one of the following ten compounds:
  • V citric acid (Ci tri c ac id)
  • the active ingredient in the composition may contain, in addition to the non-fruit extract of the above-mentioned plum tree, additional components which contribute to weight loss, such as plum fruit extract, tea extract, natural capsaicin, L-carnitine, Caffeine, dietary fiber, or a combination thereof.
  • composition of the present invention other substances (extracts or compounds) having a function of reducing weight, reducing blood fat or lowering blood sugar, such as tea extracts, statins (such as simvastatin, pravastatin, and lova) may also be included.
  • tea extracts such as tea extracts, statins (such as simvastatin, pravastatin, and lova) may also be included.
  • statins such as simvastatin, pravastatin, and lova
  • the plum tree extract of the present invention can also be used as an active ingredient in FAS inhibitors.
  • Plum tree extract It may include a fat-soluble effective part of the non-fruit portion of the plum tree, a water-soluble effective part of the non-fruit portion of the plum tree, an alcohol extract of the non-fruit portion of the plum tree, an aqueous extract of the non-fruit portion of the plum tree, a partial extract of the plum tree fruit, or a mixture thereof .
  • the non-fruit portion of the plum tree is a fat-soluble effective portion, a water-soluble effective portion, and a plum tree fruit extract; more preferably, the non-fruit portion of the plum tree is a fat-soluble effective portion and a water-soluble effective portion.
  • compositions may be formulated according to methods well known in the art, and the active ingredients may be combined with conventional excipients, flavoring agents, disintegrating agents, preservatives, lubricants, wetting agents, binders, solvents
  • a pharmaceutical excipient such as a thickener or a solubilizing agent is mixed to prepare any dosage form suitable for clinical use, such as a powder, a tablet, a capsule, a granule, an injection, an oral liquid preparation, and the like.
  • the composition may be a health food or a functional food, or a dietary supplement; it may be a health drink, alcohol, or the like.
  • composition for use in the treatment or prevention of obesity is based on the active ingredient (non-fruit extract of plum tree), and the effective dose thereof is 0.01 to 5 g / 60 kg body weight per day, more preferably 0. 1-2. 0 g / 60 kg body weight.
  • active ingredient non-fruit extract of plum tree
  • effective dose thereof is 0.01 to 5 g / 60 kg body weight per day, more preferably 0. 1-2. 0 g / 60 kg body weight.
  • the main advantages of the invention include:
  • Plum tree extract has obvious weight loss effect
  • Plum tree extract has the function of significantly inhibiting fatty acid synthase
  • Xiaoshan Daqingmei variety Da Yeqing (3 ⁇ 4ffliAS) The flower of l3 ⁇ 4 7 ), after collecting and drying, is pulverized into a coarse powder of about 10 mesh, and 15 kg is taken in a supercritical extraction kettle for extraction.
  • Extraction conditions extraction pressure 35MPa, extraction temperature 60 °C, separation temperature 40 °C, separation pressure 4MPa, cyclic dynamic extraction for 2h ; in the separation kettle to obtain plum soluble fat soluble parts 720g (Di etm a t e TM (Hangzhou Youmei Special Technology Co., Ltd.) -F01). It was analyzed by GC-MS and mainly contained long-chain alkanes, polyenes, V E , plant alcohols and triterpenoids. The content of the characteristic compound squalene (stearyl hexene) in the fat-soluble active part was mass fraction. 1 ⁇ 04%
  • the raffinate was taken out from the extraction vessel, and the raffinate was extracted by hot reflux with a 30% ethanol-water solution.
  • the total flavonoid content was 18.84%, total triterpenoid saponin 7.08%, total acid 5.64%; infrared spectrum analysis showed that the extract was at 3404, 2929, 1606, 1516, 1403, 1270, 1078, 868, 818, 780 There is a characteristic absorption peak near 612cm- 1 ; UV spectrum analysis shows that it has strong absorption at 327nm and sub-strong absorption at 290nm.
  • the branches of Xiaoshan Daqingmei variety (3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ 9 5? ⁇ Ye ' 7 ⁇ ) are collected and dried, and then pulverized into a coarse powder of about 10 mesh, and 15 kg is taken in a supercritical extraction kettle for extraction.
  • Extraction conditions extraction pressure 30 MPa, extraction temperature 55 ° C, separation temperature 45 ° C, separation pressure 4 MPa, cyclic dynamic extraction 2 h; obtained plum fat soluble effective part 645 g (Di e tmat e TM -B01).
  • the raffinate was taken out from the extraction vessel, and the raffinate was extracted by hot reflux with a 30% ethanol-water solution.
  • Extraction conditions extraction pressure 35MPa, extraction temperature 55 ° C, separation temperature 40 ° C, separation pressure
  • the characteristic compound of squalene (trishexadecene) in the fat-soluble effective part was mass fraction 44 ⁇ 15%.
  • the raffinate was taken out from the extraction vessel, and the raffinate was extracted by hot reflux with a 30% ethanol-water solution.
  • Xiaoyeqing a large green plum variety in Xiaoshan (3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ 9)
  • the root of ⁇ ' 7 ⁇ ) is the raw material. After collecting and drying, it is pulverized into a coarse powder of about 10 mesh, taken 15kg, and immersed in pure water 25L for 3 hours, then microwave-assisted extraction (power is 1000W, the ratio of material to liquid is 1: 10 (W / V)) 1 hour, after the extract was filtered, concentrated to a volume of about 1:1 of the crude drug, add 3 volumes of edible alcohol, stir well and place in a cold storage at about 4 ° C overnight, take The clear liquid was recovered under reduced pressure, and the extract was concentrated to a solid content of about 20%, and spray-dried to obtain 467 g of a water extract (Dietmat e TM -R2) of megne.
  • mice SD rats, normal grade, female, with an average body weight of about 200 grams, purchased from the Animal Experimental Center of Zhejiang Medical College, and implemented a weight loss test at the Animal Experimental Center of Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
  • the standard feed was purchased from Zhejiang Medical College Animals. Laboratory.
  • the non-fruit part extract sample of the plum tree was the effective part group of the plum branch (DietmateTM-B0) prepared in Example 2.
  • the Dietmat e TM -B0 powder was dissolved at 50 ° C weighed and double distilled water, ultrasonic solubilization prepare a suspension, 4 ° C refrigerator for use. Take it out to room temperature before use and restore it to a homogeneous suspension by sonication. Formulated every 3 days.
  • the positive control drug Fenfluramine was purchased from Shanghai Pharmaceutical Company. 2 experimental methods
  • Rats were randomly divided into groups of 10 animals in single cage; the control group was fed an equal volume of double distilled water; the positive control group was fed with the chemical diet drug fenfluramine (0.1 mg/mL aqueous solution); Feed the effective part of the plum branch (Dietmate TM - BO) (Img / mL), once a day, 2mL each time, 10-11 am, gavage, feed and water for free feeding.
  • the experimental period was 20 days, and the body weight and food intake of each rat were measured every 2 days, and the state of excretion was observed.
  • the rats after the blood collection were immediately taken out of the liver, weighed and cooled in ice water, and 1.8 times by weight of cold extraction buffer (0. lmol/L potassium phosphate, 0.07 mol/L potassium hydrogencarbonate, 1 mmol/L) was added.
  • EDTA, lmmol/L DTT, pH 7.8 were homogenized for 1 min at high speed and centrifuged twice at 4 °C (8000 rpm / 30 min and 10000 rpm / 60 min) to obtain a supernatant, and the FAS activity was measured.
  • control group watering
  • average weight change results in positive control group (fed Fenfluramine)
  • experimental group fed Dietmat e TM -B0
  • Example 8 The experiment of Example 6 was repeated using the plum blossom effective portion group (Dietmat e TM -F0) prepared in Example 1, and similar results were obtained, indicating that the plum blossom effective site group (Dietmat e TM -F0) was effective in reducing body weight. It can effectively suppress appetite and effectively inhibit FAS, thus having a weight loss function.
  • Example 8 The experiment of Example 6 was repeated using the plum blossom effective portion group (Dietmat e TM -F0) prepared in Example 1, and similar results were obtained, indicating that the plum blossom effective site group (Dietmat e TM -F0) was effective in reducing body weight. It can effectively suppress appetite and effectively inhibit FAS, thus having a weight loss function.
  • Example 8 The experiment of Example 6 was repeated using the plum blossom effective portion group (Dietmat e TM -F0) prepared in Example 1, and similar results were obtained, indicating that the plum blossom effective site group (Dietmat e TM -F0) was effective in reducing body weight
  • Example 9 The experiment of Example 6 was repeated using the effective leaf group of the plum leaf obtained in Example 3 (Dietmat e TM -L0), and similar results were obtained, indicating that the effective part of the plum leaf (Dietmat e TM -L0) was effective in weight. Reduced, can effectively suppress appetite, and can effectively inhibit FAS, thus having a weight loss function.
  • Example 9
  • Example 10 The experiment of Example 6 was repeated using the plum alcohol extract (Dietmat e TM -Hl) prepared in Example 4, and a similar result was obtained, indicating that the plum extract (Dietmat e TM -Hl) was effective for weight. Reduced, can effectively suppress appetite, and can effectively inhibit FAS, thus having a weight loss function.
  • Example 10 The experiment of Example 6 was repeated using the plum alcohol extract (Dietmat e TM -Hl) prepared in Example 4, and a similar result was obtained, indicating that the plum extract (Dietmat e TM -Hl) was effective for weight. Reduced, can effectively suppress appetite, and can effectively inhibit FAS, thus having a weight loss function.
  • Example 10 Example 10
  • Example 11 The experiment of Example 6 was repeated using the plum root water extract (Dietmat e TM -R2) prepared in Example 5, and similar results were obtained, indicating that the water extract of Dietogen (Dietmat e TM -R2) was effective for weight. Reduced, can effectively suppress appetite, and can effectively inhibit FAS, thus having a weight loss function.
  • Dietmat e TM -R2 the plum root water extract
  • 500 g of the effective leaf group (Di e tmat e TM -L0 ) prepared in Example 3 was uniformly mixed with 500 g of bamboo shoot dietary fiber fine powder, and no other ingredients were added, and the capsule No. 0 was poured, and the net weight was 300 mg per capsule.
  • the capsule was taken to 10 obese volunteers twice a day, two times a day. After one month, the average weight of 10 obese volunteers decreased significantly without changing other diets and activity habits, indicating that Mei Ye
  • the effective part group (Dietm a t e TM -L0) 500g has a significant weight loss effect with the bamboo shoot dietary fiber micropowder mixture.
  • the plum effective part group (Dietmat e TM -F0), the plum stick effective part group (Dietmat e TM -B0) and the plum leaf effective part group (Dietmat e TM -L0) prepared in Examples 1, 2, and 3 were mixed in proportion. And combined with L-carnitine, konjac flour and bamboo shoot dietary fiber, with Table 4, made into plain tablets, each net weight 500mg.
  • the tablets were taken from 6 obese volunteers twice a day, 2 tablets each time. After one month, the average body weight of 6 obese volunteers decreased significantly without changing other diets and activity habits, indicating that The tablets have significant weight loss benefits.
  • the water-soluble effective part (Dietmat e TM -L02) prepared in Example 3 and L-carnitine, vitamin A and the like were prepared according to the formulation of Table 5 to prepare an oral liquid.
  • the oral solution was administered to 9 obese volunteers twice a day, 10 mL each time . After months, the average body weight of 9 obese volunteers decreased significantly without changing other diets and activities. The above oral liquid has a significant weight loss effect. Table 5 Weight loss oral liquid formula
  • Example 15 Using 100 g of extract of Dimensional Food (Di e tmat e TM -Hl) prepared in Example 4 as a raw material, directly add 10 L of 18% alcoholic rice wine, fully dissolve, mix, and can be prepared to prepare health care. liqueur.
  • Example 15 Using 100 g of extract of Dimensional Food (Di e tmat e TM -Hl) prepared in Example 4 as a raw material, directly add 10 L of 18% alcoholic rice wine, fully dissolve, mix, and can be prepared to prepare health care. liqueur.
  • Example 15 Using 100 g of extract of Dimensional Food (Di e tmat e TM -Hl) prepared in Example 4 as a raw material, directly add 10 L of 18% alcoholic rice wine, fully dissolve, mix, and can be prepared to prepare health care. liqueur.
  • Example 15 Using 100 g of extract of Dimensional Food (Di e tmat e TM -Hl) prepared in Example 4 as a raw
  • the water-soluble effective part (Dietmat e TM -L02) prepared in Example 3 is prepared from a mixture of caffeine, sugar, natural cyclamate, citric acid, etc., and the weight thereof is as follows: per 100 mL of drinking water Formulated Dietmate TM - L02 2- 6g, caffeine 0. 1-0. 2g, sugar 20- 40g, natural cyclamate l-3g and citric acid l-2g, the preparation process includes: ingredients, filtration, homogenization sterilization, sealing Filling and quality inspection.
  • Non-fruit extract of plum tree The preparations obtained in the above Examples 1-3 (the codes correspond one-to-one with the samples in the following table).
  • EGCG was purchased from the Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University. C75 and cinelain were provided by the graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences.
  • Acetyl-CoA (AcCOA), Malonyl-CoA (MalCOA) and Reductive Coenzyme II (NADPH) were purchased from SIGMA Chemicals. Company, Dimercaptosuitol (DTT) was purchased from Shanghai Biochemical Reagent Company, and other chemical reagents were analytical reagents purchased from Shanghai Chemical Reagent Company.
  • Fatty acid synthase was isolated and purified from fresh chicken liver by the Institute of Food Science and Fermentation Engineering of Zhejiang University.
  • the specific method refers to the following literature [Li Lichun et al., the inhibitory effect of Polygonum multiflorum extract on fatty acid synthase, Chinese biochemistry and molecular biology Journal, 2003, 19 (3): 297-304; Tian WX et al., Studi es on the reactivi ty of the essential sulfhydryl groups as a conformational probe for the fatty ac id synthase of chi cken l iver, J Biol Chem, 1985, 260 (20) : 11375-11387] 0 2 FAS inhibitory activity assay
  • the activity was measured by spectrophotometry. 5 mol/L of AcC0A, ⁇ /L of MalC0A, and 35 mol/L of NADPH as substrates, containing 1 mmol/L of EDTA, 1 mmol/L of DTT, and 100 mmol/L of pH 7.0 of K P0 4 - In a K 2 HP0 4 buffer solution, a constant temperature was applied at 37 ° C, and 15-2 ( ⁇ gFAS start-up reaction was added to monitor the change in optical density at a wavelength of 340 nm, and the enzyme activity of FAS was calculated at the initial rate. The total reaction system was 2 mL.
  • the sample to be tested is added to the measurement system, and then the enzyme is added to start the reaction, and the enzyme activity is determined.
  • the sample solvent is used as a blank control, and the result is A. . Ai/A.
  • the rapid binding inhibition of FAS was determined under different amounts of the sample to be tested, and the remaining activity was plotted against the number of milligrams of the sample to be tested per milliliter of the test solution, and the curve of the remaining activity gradually decreasing with the increase of the sample amount was obtained. .
  • the concentration at which the activity on the curve is suppressed by half is the semi-inhibitory concentration IC 5 . .
  • the physical meaning of this parameter is to show the strength of the fast binding inhibition of the inhibitor, and the smaller the value, the stronger the inhibition ability. It is often used as an indicator to compare the inhibitory abilities of different inhibitors.
  • the sample to be tested is directly added to the 0.5 mg/mL FAS solution, and after standing at 25 ° C for a predetermined time, the free small molecule inhibitor in the solution is quickly removed by a Sephadex G-25 molecular sieve spin column to eliminate reversible inhibition, and then the mixed solution is taken.
  • the enzyme activity A t was measured, and the activity of the same treatment with a solvent instead of the sample was A Q , At / A. For residual activity, l-At/ ⁇ . The degree of inhibition of slow binding at this moment. This inhibition is usually caused by a covalent reaction between the inhibitor and the enzyme, and is an irreversible inactivation that is completed over a longer period of time.
  • the effective part of the plum branch (Dietmat e TM -B0) showed strong fast binding inhibitory activity, which inhibited the IC 5 of FAS.
  • the value is 13.5 g / mL, the effect is better than C75, light blue and EGCG;
  • the IC 5Q value of the effective part of the plum (Dietmate TM -L0 ) is 30 g/mL, which is equivalent to the fast inhibition effect of C75;
  • Plum twig extract (Dietmat e TM -B0) mainly contains fat-soluble components such as long-chain alkanes, polyenes, VE, plant alcohols and triterpenoids, as well as water-soluble components such as flavonoid glycosides, triterpenoid saponins and total acids, which can slow down Rats gain weight, suppress appetite and reduce blood lipids, and inhibit the activity of FAS in the liver. Therefore, Dietmate-BO and the active compounds contained may have broad application value and prospects in the prevention and treatment of obesity.
  • fat-soluble components such as long-chain alkanes, polyenes, VE, plant alcohols and triterpenoids, as well as water-soluble components such as flavonoid glycosides, triterpenoid saponins and total acids, which can slow down Rats gain weight, suppress appetite and reduce blood lipids, and inhibit the activity of FAS in the liver. Therefore, Dietmate-BO and the active compounds contained may have broad application value and prospects in the prevention and treatment

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Description

梅树提取物的用途 技术领域
本发明涉及保健食品或药品领域。 更具体地涉及梅树的花、 梅树的枝、 梅 树的杆、 梅树的根、 梅树的叶提取物及其组合物在制备具有减肥功效的药品和 保健食品中的应用。 背景技术
梅是蔷薇科( osaceae)樱桃属植物, 学名 Prunus mume S ieb. Et Zucc , 园艺栽培上将梅分为花梅和果梅, 果梅分为白梅、 青梅和红梅。
W000/39249 (PCT/JP99/07285)公开了一种具有药效的梅提取物及含有该提 取物的组合物, 其中公开了如下内容: "使用 5倍体积量的甲醇, 由梅的茎叶 部、 梅的果仁和梅花制备提取物, 该提取物具有抗氧化作用、 胃粘膜损伤抑制 作用、 醛糖还原酶抑制作用、 血糖值上升抑制作用、 血小板凝集促进作用、 酒 精吸收抑制作用和抗炎作用等。 "称所涉及的梅提取物用醇提法或干馏法获得, 梅叶茎部的甲醇提取物中含有五环三萜化合物, 梅花的甲醇提取物中含有槲皮 素糖苷等黄酮类物质, 但既缺乏对提取工艺的系统探索, 又没有关于梅提取物 可能有效成分的量化数据, 更别提有效部位群的确定及制剂的标准化。 这种甲 醇粗提物未经分离纯化, 杂质含量高, 有效成分含量低, 色泽深, 产品吸湿性 很强, 不易保藏, 加工适应性差。 同时, 所用的梅树品种不明确, 当提取物应 用于医药领域时, 如不确定植物来源, 则不能保证药品有效、 安全、 稳定的三 个基本要求。 此外, 该文献并未涉及梅提取物在减肥或辅助减肥方面的功效。
现有技术虽然报道过某些植物的提取物可能具有减缓小鼠的体重增长等作 用, 但是迄今为止还未见有关蔷薇科的梅树提取物具有减肥作用的报道。
当今世界, 肥胖正成为全球范围内迅速增加的一种流行性疾病。 肥胖症是 一个由多因素决定的疾病, 所以治疗它是一件相当复杂的事。 由于病因的多因 素性, 复合治疗的效果要好于单一药物治疗。 许多有一定作用的减肥药具有副 作用, 如芬氟拉明(Fenfluramine)因有可能引发心脏瓣膜疾病, 早在 1997 年 就在美国全面禁用; 西步曲明(Sibutramine)则可能引起血压升高、 心率加快, 也于 2002 年被禁用。 目前常用有效的减肥药物如: 奧利司他(Orl i stat)作用 于胃肠道, 阻断部分膳食脂肪的吸收, 其不良反应基本为胃肠道反应; 麻黄素 (Ephedrine)和咖啡因(Caffe ine)提高代谢速度使能量消耗加快, 副作用是导 致心率不齐和血压升高。 应用天然中草药达到减肥、 控制体脂的目的是目前比 较普遍的选择, 但各种中药减肥的生理生化机制尚不清楚, 从而使其使用往往 有很大的盲目性, 造成效果不佳。
近年发现, 脂肪酸合酶(EC 2. 3. 1. 85, 原称脂肪酸合成酶, Fatty ac i d synthase, 缩写为 FAS)和肥胖有密切关系。 2000年 J. Hopkins大学的 Loftus 等在 5"cie/2ce上报道 (Lof tus T. M. e t al. , Reduced food intake and body we ight in mice treated wi th fatty ac id synthase inhibi tors. Sc ience 2000 288 : 2379-2381) , 用 FAS 抑制剂注射使肥胖大鼠大幅度降低食欲和体重。 研 究表明, 抑制 FAS导致其底物丙二酰辅酶 A积累, 丙二酰辅酶 A有作为生物燃 料信号、 抑制下丘脑神经信号肽 Y表达的作用, 从而抑制食欲并降低体重。 因 此, 他们提出 FAS与食欲调控之间可能存在重要联系, 是治疗肥胖症的潜在靶 部位。 该发现预示着 FAS 极有可能成为一个控制体重和食欲的新的靶点, FAS 抑制剂的开发则很可能成为研制减肥药的新途径。
Loftus等实验所用的是当时已知的仅有的 2个 FAS抑制剂: C75和浅蓝菌 素(cerulenin),而 C75就是 J. Hopkins大学的研究组以浅蓝菌素为模板合成 的没有表观毒性且抑制性能良好的衍生物,它们实际上是一类抑制剂。抑制 FAS 的活性, 既能够阻滞生脂通道, 减少脂肪的合成, 又能够造成丙二酰辅酶 A浓 度的升高, 抑制中枢神经系统调控饮食的神经肽, 从而达到降低食欲的目的, 可谓一石二鸟。 而且 FAS是一个很大的多功能复合酶, 对它进行活性调控可有 多个位点, 因而较易实现。
此外, 肥胖和超重与癌症的发生及死亡密切相关, 高水平的脂肪酸合成使 得肿瘤更容易恶化, 有一个更糟糕的预后(Mi l graum L. Z. e t al. , Enzyme of the fatty ac i d sythes i s pathway are hi ghly expressed i n s i tu breas t carc inoma. Cl i n Cancer Res. 1997, 3 , 21 15-2120)。 细胞中反常的高表达的 FAS很可能成为癌变的一个有效标记分子, 同时 FAS也可能成为新的癌症治疗 靶点。 如 FAS抑制剂浅蓝菌素是人类癌细胞的选择性细胞毒素, 对人类许多的 癌细胞系有广谱抗性, 包括乳腺癌^0?-7,21?-75-1,31¾1?3, 0 435)、 卵巢癌 (0VCAR-3) , 结肠癌(HCT1 16, RK0)、 白血病(HL60)和前列腺(TSU-prl), 研究 还发现浅蓝菌素对癌细胞的毒性和脂肪酸合成有关。
自从 FAS被提出作为治疗癌症和肥胖症的双重潜在靶点以来,至今不过 5-6 年的历史, 但却因为该靶点的有效性而备受世界瞩目。 不过迄今为止, 有临床 价值的 FAS抑制剂还非常少。 有关工作大多是围绕 C75和浅蓝菌素展开的, 但 这二个化合物在动物水平上都表现出一定的毒性。
因此, 本领域迫切需要具有减肥作用的新物质, 尤其是通过抑制 FAS起作 用的减肥剂。 发明内容
本发明目的就是提供一种具有明显减肥作用的新物质。 在本发明的第一方面, 提供了梅树提取物在制备用于治疗或预防肥胖(即减 肥)的组合物中的用途。
在另一优选例中, 所述的组合物还用于抑制脂肪酸合酶的酶活性和 /或抑制 食欲。
在本发明的第二方面, 提供了梅树提取物在制备脂肪酸合酶抑制剂组合物中 的用途。
在另一优选例中, 所述的抑制剂组合物还可用于(a)减肥; 和 /或 (b)降低食 在本发明的第三方面, 提供了梅树提取物在制备减低食欲的组合物中的用 途。
在另一优选例中, 所述的组合物还可用于(a)减肥; 和 /或(b)抑制脂肪酸合 酶的酶活性。
在本发明的第四方面, 提供了一种可用于减肥、 降低食欲和 /或抑制脂肪 酸合酶的酶活性的梅树提取物。
在另一优选例中, 所述的梅树提取物包括梅树的花、 枝、 叶、 根、 和 /或 树干的水溶性的和 /或脂溶性的提取物。
在另一优选例中, 所述的梅树提取物是梅树非果部分提取物, 尤其是梅树的 花、 枝、 和 /或叶提取物。
在另一优选例中, 所述的梅树提取物是超临界 co2萃取物、 有机溶剂提取物、 水提取物或其混合。
在另一优选例中, 所述的梅树提取物中含有 1-50^%角鲨烯, 按提取物的总 重量计。
在另一优选例中, 所述的梅树提取物含有下述十种化合物中的至少一种(如
0种):
Figure imgf000004_0001
I I I 叶绿醇(Phytol)
Figure imgf000005_0001
IV 谷 醇(Sitosterol)
V 柠檬酸(Citric acid)
VI 酒石酸(Tartaric acid)
VII 苹果酸(Malic acid)
Figure imgf000005_0002
VIII 氯原酸 (Chlorogenic acid)
IX 琥珀酸(Succinic acid)
=H,或糖基
Figure imgf000005_0003
槲皮素(Quercetin)及其衍生物。
在另一优选例中, 所述的梅树为蔷薇科的梅树; 更佳地梅树为青梅。 在本发明的第五方面, 提供了一种可用于减肥、 降低食欲和 /或抑制脂肪 酸合酶的酶活性的梅树组合物。
在本发明中, 所述的组合物包括药物组合物、 食品组合物、 饮食补充剂组合 物、 保健品组合物或食品添加剂组合物。
在另一优选例中, 所述的组合物还含有选自下组的额外有助于减肥的组 分: 梅果提取物、 茶提取物、 天然辣椒素、 L-肉碱、 咖啡因、 膳食纤维或其组 合.
或额外的减低食欲的组分;
或抑制 FAS活性的化合物。
在另一优选例中, 所述的组合物选自:
(i) 粉剂、 颗粒剂、 胶囊剂、 注射剂、 酊剂、 口服液或片剂; (ϋ) 饮料或酒类。
在本发明的第六方面, 提供了一种减肥方法, 它包括步骤: 给需要的对象 施用梅树提取物。
本发明还提供了一种降低食欲的方法, 它包括步骤: 给需要的对象施用梅 树提取物。
本发明还提供了一种抑制脂肪酸合酶活性的方法, 它包括步骤: 给需要的 对象施用梅树提取物。
在另一优选例中, 所述的施用量为平均每天 500-1000毫克 /60千克体重, 服用时间为 1周 -1年或更长。
在另一优选例中, 所述的对象是哺乳动物, 更佳地为人。
在另一优选例中, 所述的梅树提取物为非果提取物。 具体实施方式
发明人经过广泛深入的研究, 意外地发现梅树提取物, 尤其是梅树非果部 分的水溶性的和 /或脂溶性的提取物(如超临界 co2萃取物、 有机溶剂提取物或 / 和水溶液提取物), 可以通过多种途径减肥, 如有效抑制 FAS 或抑制食欲, 因 此可以用于减肥或抑制 FAS等领域。 如本文所用, 术语 "组合物 "包括(a)治疗、 预防肥胖的组合物, (b) FAS抑 制剂组合物和 /或 (c)减低食欲的组合物。
如本文所用, 梅 Pr画 s 隱 e S ieh. Et Zucc)指蔷薇科(TPosaceae)樱 桃属植物。 可用于本发明的梅树包括白梅、 青梅和红梅, 更佳地为青梅。
本发明提供的梅树提取物可来自于梅树的全部, 优选其中的非果部分。 所 述的非果部分包括花、 枝、 杆、 根、 或叶。 梅花主要是未坐果的花朵, 人工采 摘后晒干、 炒干或烘干后备用; 梅枝可以是春季删节的营养枝、 秋季修剪的枝 条, 也可以是梅树砍伐后的枝干, 晒干、 切断、 破碎后备用; 梅杆和梅根来源 于砍伐后的梅树; 梅叶一般分夏、 秋二次收集, 晒干后备用。
如本文所用, 属于 "提取物" 包括水溶性的和 /或脂溶性的提取物。 该术 语还包括醇提物、 或水提物。 此外, 还包括有效部位群, 即含有脂溶性有效部 位和水溶性有效部位的萃取物或其混合物。
可用于本发明的梅树提取物没有特别限制, 可以是以梅树的果或非果部分 为原料, 用常规方法获得的水溶性的和 /或脂溶性的提取物。
在优选例中, 脂溶性有效部位是上述的非果部分用超临界 C02或非极性有 机溶剂萃取得到, 含有长链烷烃、 多烯烃、 VE、 和 醇类化合物的萃取物; 水 溶性有效部位是将超临界 co2萃取或有机溶剂浸提后的物料挥去溶剂, 用水性 溶液提取, 并辅以其他高效提取和分离手段得到, 含有黄酮和三萜皂苷等。
优选地, 梅树非果部分有效部位群的制备方法, 是分别以梅花、 梅枝、 梅 杆、 梅根、 梅叶等为原料分步萃取获得:
(1)分别以梅花、 梅枝、 梅杆、 梅根、 梅叶为原料, 经干燥、 破碎后, 用 超临界 C02流体或非极性有机溶剂萃取, 得到富含长链烷烃、 多烯烃、 、 三萜 和甾醇类化合物的萃取物, 即花、 枝、 杆、 根、 叶的脂溶性有效部位;
(2)将超临界 C02萃取或有机溶剂浸提后的物料挥去溶剂,用体积百分比为 0-50%的乙醇-水溶液浸提, 并辅以微波辅助萃取或超声波辅助萃取和膜分离等 手段, 获得富含黄酮和三萜皂苷的提取物, 即花、 枝、 杆、 根、 叶的水溶性有 效部位;
(3)分别将上述花、 枝、 杆、 根、 叶的脂溶性有效部位与水溶性有效部位 按实际生药提取量合并混匀, 即为梅树非果部分有效部位群。
具体地, 梅树非果部分醇提物的制备方法是以梅花、 梅枝、 梅杆、 梅根、 梅叶等为原料, 经任选的干燥破碎后, 添加一定体积的甲醇或乙醇溶液, 经浸 提、 热回流提取、 微波辅助萃取或超声波辅助萃取, 提取液过滤、 浓缩、 干燥 后得到梅树非果部分的醇提物。优选地,甲醇或乙醇溶液的体积浓度为 70-95%。
具体地, 梅树非果部分水提物的制备方法是以梅花、 梅枝、 梅杆、 梅根、 梅叶等为原料,加水浸泡溶胀后热回流提取,提取液浓缩至一定体积(通常是 1 :
1 的生药量)后, 加食用酒精醇沉(乙醇终浓度为 50-70%), 取上清液减压回收 乙醇, 将料液浓缩至一定的固型物含量(通常在 15-30%)后, 喷雾干燥或真空干 燥, 可获得梅树非果部分的水提物。
梅树果实部分的提取物可使用本领域常用的方法获得。 用途
梅树提取物可用作治疗或预防肥胖的组合物中的功效成分。 所述的梅树提 取物可包括梅树非果部分脂溶性有效部位、 梅树非果部分水溶性有效部位、 梅 树非果部分醇提物、 梅树非果部分水提物、 梅树果实部分提取物, 或其混合。 优选地, 包括梅树非果部分脂溶性有效部位、 水溶性有效部位和梅树果实提取 物; 更优选地, 包括梅树非果部分脂溶性有效部位和水溶性有效部位。
组合物中所述的梅树提取物含有下述十种化合物中的至少一种:
I 角鲨烯(Squalene)
I I 木栓酮(Friedel in)
I I I 叶绿醇(Phytol)
IV 谷甾醇(S i tosterol)
V 柠檬酸(Ci tri c ac id)
VI 酒石酸(Tartari c ac id)
VI I 苹果酸(Mal ic ac i d)
VI I I 氯原酸(Chlorogenic ac id)
IX 琥珀酸(Succ ini c ac id)
槲皮素(Quercetin)及其衍生物。
组合物中的活性成分除了上述的梅树的非果提取物, 还可以含有有助于减 肥的额外组分, 例如梅树的果提取物、 茶提取物、 天然辣椒素、 L-肉碱、 咖啡 因、 膳食纤维, 或其组合。
在本发明的组合物中, 还可以包括其它具有减肥功能、 减低血脂或降血糖 的物质(提取物或化合物), 例如茶叶提取物、 他汀类化合物 (如辛伐他汀、 普 伐他汀、 洛伐他汀) 。
本发明梅树提取物还可用作 FAS抑制剂中的活性成分。 所述的梅树提取物 可包括梅树非果部分脂溶性有效部位、 梅树非果部分水溶性有效部位、 梅树非 果部分醇提物、 梅树非果部分水提物、 梅树果实部分提取物, 或其混合。 优选 地, 包括梅树非果部分脂溶性有效部位、 水溶性有效部位和梅树果实提取物; 更优选地, 包括梅树非果部分脂溶性有效部位和水溶性有效部位。
本发明的抑制剂组合物中还可以包括其它具有抑制 FAS作用的物质。 在本发明中, 各种组合物可以按本领域熟知的方法配制, 可以将活性成分 与常规的赋形剂、 调味剂、 崩解剂、 防腐剂、 润滑剂、 湿润剂、 粘合剂、 溶剂、 增稠剂或增溶剂等药物辅料混合, 制成任何一种适合于临床使用的剂型, 如粉 剂、 片剂、 胶囊剂、 颗粒剂、 注射剂、 口服液体制剂等。
所述的组合物可以是保健食品或功能性食品, 或是膳食补充剂; 可以是保 健饮料、 酒类等。
本发明提供的用作治疗或预防肥胖的组合物以其中所含的活性成分(梅树 的非果提取物)计, 其有效剂量为每日 0. 01 -5 克 /60 千克体重, 更佳地为 0. 1-2. 0克 /60千克体重。 本发明的主要优点包括:
1、 梅树提取物具有明显的减肥功效;
2、 梅树提取物具有明显抑制脂肪酸合酶的功能;
3、 梅树提取物可降低食欲。
4、 充分利用了以前被丢弃的梅树非果部分, 减少了资源浪费, 有利于环 境。
5、 提高了梅树资源的利用度, 提高了梅林的经济效益, 有利于农民的增 收。
下面结合具体实施例, 进一步阐述本发明。 应理解, 这些实施例仅用于说 明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。 下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方 法, 通常按照常规条件或按照制造厂商所建议的条件。 除非另外说明, 否则所 有的百分比和份数按重量计。
除非另行定义, 文中所使用的所有专业与科学用语与本领域熟练人员所熟 悉的意义相同。 此外, 任何与所记载内容相似或均等的方法及材料皆可应用于 本发明方法中。 文中所述的较佳实施方法与材料仅作示范之用。 实施例 1
青梅花提取物 一
萧山大青梅品种大叶青( ¾ffliAS
Figure imgf000008_0001
l¾ 7 )的花, 经采集、 干燥后, 粉碎成 10目左右的粗粉, 取 15kg放入超临界萃取釜中萃取。
萃取条件: 萃取压力 35MPa, 萃取温度 60°C, 分离温度 40 °C, 分离压力 4MPa, 循环动态萃取 2h ; 在分离釜中得到梅花脂溶性有效部位 720g (Di etmate TM (杭州尤美特科技有限公司的商标) -F01)。 经 GC-MS分析其主要含长链烷烃、 多烯烃、 VE、 植物 醇和三萜类化合物, 其中特征性化合物角鲨烯(三十碳六烯)在脂溶性有效部位中的含量为质量分 数 1· 04%
从萃取釜中取出萃余物, 萃余物经 30%乙醇-水溶液热回流提取。
提取条件: 温度 80°C, 料液比 1: 10(W/V),热回流提取 2 h; 得到梅花水 溶性有效部位 1140g(DietmateTM-F02)。
经分析其总黄酮含量为 18.84%、 总三萜皂苷 7.08%、 总酸 5.64%; 红外光 谱分析表明, 该提取物在 3404、 2929、 1606、 1516、 1403、 1270、 1078、 868、 818、 780、 612cm— 1附近有特征性吸收峰; 紫外光谱分析表明, 其在 327nm处有 强吸收, 在 290nm处有次强吸收。
合并 F01和 F02即得梅花的有效部位群(Dietmate TM-F0)。 实施例 2
青梅枝提取物 一
萧山大青梅品种细叶青( ¾ΜίΛ9 5? ^ Ye ' 7^)的枝, 经采集、 干燥 后, 粉碎成 10目左右的粗粉, 取 15kg放入超临界萃取釜中萃取。
萃取条件: 萃取压力 30MPa, 萃取温度 55°C, 分离温度 45°C, 分离压力 4MPa, 循环动态萃取 2h; 得到梅枝脂溶性有效部位 645g(Dietmate TM-B01)。
经 GC-MS分析其主要含长链烷烃、 多烯烃、 VE、 植物 醇和三萜类化合物, 其中特征性化合物角鲨烯(三十碳六烯)在脂溶性有效部位中的含量为质量分 数 4· 87%
从萃取釜中取出萃余物, 萃余物经 30%乙醇-水溶液热回流提取。
提取条件: 温度 80°C, 料液比 1: 15(W/V), 回流提取 2h; 得到梅枝水溶 性有效部位 2400g(DietmateTM-B02)。
经分析其含有总黄酮 40.59%、 总三萜皂苷 19.07%、 总酸 3.70%; 红外光谱 分析表明该提取物在 3406、 2926、 1609、 1519、 1447、 1394、 1284、 1070 和 611cm— 1附近有特征性吸收峰; 紫外光谱分析表明其在 190〜700nm 的波长范围 内进行扫描, 结果显示: 在 280nm处有强吸收, 在 320nm处有次强吸收。
合并 B01和 B02即得梅枝的有效部位群(Dietmate TM-B0)。 实施例 3
青梅叶提取物
萧山大青梅品种红顶( ¾ΜίΛ5 Μ^6?^0¾· )的叶, 经采集、 干燥后, 粉碎成 10目左右的粗粉, 取 15kg放入超临界萃取釜中萃取。
萃取条件: 萃取压力 35MPa, 萃取温度 55°C, 分离温度 40°C, 分离压力
6MPa, 循环动态萃取 2h; 得到梅叶脂溶性有效部位 975g(Dietmate TM-L01)。
经 GC-MS分析其主要含长链烷烃、 多烯烃、 VE、 植物 醇和三萜类化合物, 其中特征性化合物角鲨烯(三十碳六烯)在脂溶性有效部位中的含量为质量分 数 44· 15%。 从萃取釜中取出萃余物, 萃余物经 30%乙醇-水溶液热回流提取。
提取条件: 温度 70°C, 料液比为 1: 12(W/V), 提取 3h; 得到梅叶水溶性 有效部位 1680g(DietmateTM- L02)。
经分析其含有总黄酮 30.46%、 总三萜皂苷 4.93%、 总酸 5.96%; 红外光谱 分析表明该提取物在 3386、 2932、 1596、 1516、 1404、 1314、 1074、 776、 721、 611、 527cm-l附近有特征性吸收峰; 紫外光谱分析结果显示: 在 322nm处有强 吸收, 在 285nm处有次强吸收。
合并 L01和 L02即得梅叶的有效部位群(Dietmate TM-L0)。 实施例 4
青梅杆提取物
以萧山大青梅品种红丰( ¾ffliAS 的杆为原料, 经采集、 干燥后, 粉碎成 10目左右的粗粉。 取 15kg, 加 70%的乙醇溶液 15L, 热回流提 取。 提取条件: 温度为 70°C, 料液比为 1: 10(W/V), 提取 2h; 提取液经过滤、 减压浓缩、 喷雾干燥后即得梅杆的醇提取物(Dietmate TM-Hl)584g。 实施例 5
青梅根提取物
以萧山大青梅品种大叶青( ¾ΜίΛ9
Figure imgf000010_0001
Υθ ' 7^)的根为原料, 经采 集、 干燥后, 粉碎成 10 目左右的粗粉, 取 15kg,加纯水 25L浸泡 3h后, 微波 辅助提取(功率为 1000W, 料液比为 1: 10(W/V))1 小时, 提取液经过滤后, 浓 缩至 1: 1左右的生药体积, 加入 3倍体积的食用酒精, 搅拌均匀后在 4°C左右 的冷库中放置过夜, 取上清液, 减压回收乙醇, 并将提取液浓缩至固型物含量 20%左右, 喷雾干燥, 即得梅根的水提物(Dietmate TM-R2)467g。 实施例 6
梅枝提取物的减肥功效
1实验材料
实验动物: SD大鼠, 普通级, 雌性, 平均体重 200克左右, 购自浙江省医 科院动物实验中心, 并在浙江中医药大学动物实验中心实施减肥试验, 标准饲 料购自浙江省医科院动物实验中心。
样品制备: 梅树非果部分提取物试样为实施例 2 制得的梅枝有效部位群 (Dietmate™-B0)。
将 Dietmate TM-B0的粉末称量后溶于 50°C的双蒸水中, 超声波助溶, 制成 混悬液, 4°C冰箱保存备用。 使用前取出放置至室温, 并用超声波处理恢复成 均匀的混悬液。 每 3天配制一次。
阳性对照药芬氟拉明(Fenfluramine)购自上海制药公司。 2实验方法
将大鼠随机分组, 每组 10 只, 单笼饲养; 对照组饲喂等体积的双蒸水; 阳性 对照组饲喂化学减肥药芬氟拉明(0. Img/mL水溶液);试验组饲喂梅枝有效部位 群(DietmateTM- BO) (Img/mL), 每天一次, 每次 2mL,上午 10- 11 时灌胃, 饲料 和水为自由取食。 实验周期为 20天, 每 2天测量每只大鼠的体重和摄食量, 并观察其排泄物状况。
血生化指标测定: 减肥实验结束日将大鼠处死后, 每只立刻取血 2mL,并加 入 EDTA溶液, 离心得到血清, 立刻用 HITACHI-7060生化分析仪(日立)测量血 糖(Glu)、 胆固醇(Ch)和甘油三酯(TG)。
取血后的大鼠立即取出肝脏, 称重后置冰水中冷却, 加入 1.8倍重量的冷 的抽提缓冲液(0. lmol/L 磷酸钾、 0.07mol/L 碳酸氢钾、 lmmol/L 的 EDTA、 lmmol/L 的 DTT, pH7.8)高速匀衆 lmin, 4 °C离心二次(8000rpm/30min 和 10000rpm/60min) , 得上清, 测其 FAS活性。
3结果与分析
(l)Dietmate™-B0对大鼠体重的影响
通过 20天饲喂实验,空白对照组(喂水),阳性对照组(喂 Fenfluramine)和 实验组(喂 Dietmate TM-B0)的平均体重变化结果见下表 1。
表 1 DietmateTM-B0对大鼠体重的影响
Figure imgf000011_0001
P<0.05 结果表明, 在此期间空白对照组的平均体重增长了 10.65g, 而 Fenfluramine和 DietmateTM-B0组大鼠平均体重分别降低了 8.90g和 8.55g, 且 t-检验表明均和对照组差异显著(p〈0.05)。
Fenfluramine禾卩 DietmateTM- B0组间比较无显著差异, 说明 DietmateTM -B0可有效使体重降低。
(2)Dietmate TM- B0对大鼠摄食量的影响
结果如表 2。
表 2 DietmateTM-B0 对大鼠摄食量的影响
Figure imgf000011_0002
P<0.05 结果表明, 20天饲喂试验期间, 喂 fenfluramine和 DietmateTM-B0的大 鼠,其每天的平均摄食量比给水组(对照)下降约 19%, 显示有抑制食欲的作用, 且 t检验差异显著(p〈0.05)。 Fenfluramine禾卩 DietmateTM- BO组间比较无显著差异, 说明 Dietmate -BO可有效抑制食欲。
(3)Dietmate™-B0对大鼠血脂及 FAS活性的影响
实验结束时 3个组大鼠血脂及肝脏 FAS活性的测定结果如表 3所示。
表 3 Dietmate™-B0 对大鼠摄食量的影响
Figure imgf000012_0001
结果表明, Dietmate TM-B0 组的血糖、 总胆固醇、 甘油三酯、 低密度脂蛋白 胆固醇均低于对照给水组, 但没有明显差异。
与对照组相比, 给药组的肝脏 FAS活性要低得多, 仅为给水组的 63%左右, 说明 DietmateTM- B0可有效抑制 FAS。
结果表明, 梅枝有效部位群 (Dietmate TM-B0)具有减肥功能。 实施例 7
梅花提取物的减肥功效
用实施例 1制得的梅花有效部位群(Dietmate TM-F0)重复实施例 6的实验, 能得到类似的结果, 即表明梅花有效部位群(Dietmate TM-F0)可有效使体重降 低, 可有效抑制食欲, 并可有效抑制 FAS, 从而具有减肥功能。 实施例 8
梅叶提取物的减肥功效
用实施例 3制得的梅叶有效部位群(Dietmate TM-L0)重复实施例 6的实验, 能得到类似的结果, 即表明梅叶有效部位群(Dietmate TM-L0)可有效使体重降 低, 可有效抑制食欲, 并可有效抑制 FAS, 从而具有减肥功能。 实施例 9
梅杆提取物的减肥功效
用实施例 4制得的梅杆醇提取物(Dietmate TM-Hl)重复实施例 6 的实验, 能得到类似的结果, 即表明梅杆醇提取物(Dietmate TM-Hl)可有效使体重降低, 可有效抑制食欲, 并可有效抑制 FAS, 从而具有减肥功能。 实施例 10
梅根提取物的减肥功效
用实施例 5制得的梅根水提物(Dietmate TM-R2)重复实施例 6的实验, 能 得到类似的结果, 即表明梅根水提物(Dietmate TM-R2)可有效使体重降低, 可 有效抑制食欲, 并可有效抑制 FAS, 从而具有减肥功能。 实施例 11
以实施例 3 中制备得到的梅叶有效部位群(Dietmate TM-L0)500g与竹笋膳 食纤维微粉 500g均匀混合, 不添加任何其他成分, 灌制成 0号胶囊, 净重每 粒 300mg。
给 10 位肥胖志愿者服用该胶囊, 每天服用两次, 每次两粒; 一个月后, 在不改变其它饮食、活动习惯的情况下, 10位肥胖志愿者的平均体重显著下降, 表明梅叶有效部位群(Dietmate TM-L0)500g 与竹笋膳食纤维微粉混合物具有显 著的减肥功效。 实施例 12
将实施例 1、 2、 3中制备的梅花有效部位群(Dietmate TM-F0)、 梅枝有效部 位群(Dietmate TM-B0)和梅叶有效部位群(Dietmate TM-L0)等比例混合,并与 L- 肉碱、魔芋精粉和竹笋膳食纤维复合, 配比如表 4,制成素片,每片净重 500mg。
给 6位肥胖志愿者服用该素片, 每天服用两次, 每次 2片; 一个月后, 在 不改变其它饮食、 活动习惯的情况下, 6 位肥胖志愿者的平均体重显著下降, 表明上述素片具有显著的减肥功效。
表 4 减肥片剂配方
Figure imgf000013_0001
实施例 13
以实施例 3制备的梅叶水溶性有效部位(Dietmate TM-L02)与 L-肉碱、维生 素 A等材料, 根据表 5配方, 制成口服液。
给 9位肥胖志愿者服用该口服液, 每天早晚服用两次, 每次 10mL; —个月 后, 在不改变其它饮食、 活动习惯的情况下, 9 位肥胖志愿者的平均体重显著 下降, 表明上述口服液具有显著的减肥功效。 表 5 减肥口服液配方
Figure imgf000014_0001
实施例 14
以实施例 4中制备的梅杆醇提取物(Dietmate T M-Hl) 100g为原料, 直接加 入 10L酒精度为 18%的黄酒中, 充分溶解、 混匀, 罐装, 即制得保健酒。 实施例 15
以实施例 3制备的梅叶水溶性有效部位(Dietmate T M-L02)为原料, 与咖啡 因、 糖、 天然甜蜜素、 柠檬酸等复配制备饮料, 其重量配比如下: 每 lOOOmL 饮用水调配 Dietmate T M- L02 2- 6g、 咖啡因 0. 1-0. 2g、 食糖 20- 40g、 天然甜蜜 素 l-3g和柠檬酸 l-2g, 配制过程包括: 配料、 过滤、 均质杀菌、 封口灌装及 质量检验。
给 5位肥胖志愿者饮用该饮料,每天早晚服用两次,每次 10mL ;六个月后, 在不改变其它饮食、 活动习惯的情况下, 5位肥胖志愿者的平均体重有所下降, 表明上述饮料具有显著的减肥功效。 实验例 16
梅树提取物抑制 FAS
1 材料与试剂
梅树非果部分提取物: 分别为从上述实施例 1-3 中得到的制剂(代码与下 表中试样一一对应)。 EGCG 购自浙江大学茶学系, C75 和浅兰菌素由中科院研 究生院提供,乙酰辅酶 A (AcCOA)、丙二酰辅酶 A (MalCOA)和还原性辅酶 II (NADPH) 购自美国 SIGMA 化学试剂公司, 二巯基苏糖醇(DTT)购自上海生化试剂公司, 其他化学试剂均为购自上海化学试剂公司的分析纯试剂。
脂肪酸合酶(FAS)由浙江大学食品科学和发酵工程研究所从新鲜鸡肝中分 离提纯, 具体方法参照以下文献 [李丽春等, 何首乌提取物对脂肪酸合酶的抑 制作用, 中国生物化学与分子生物学报, 2003, 19 (3) : 297-304; Tian W X et al., Studi es on the reactivi ty of the essential sulfhydryl groups as a conformational probe for the fatty ac i d synthase of chi cken l iver, J Biol Chem, 1985, 260 (20) : 11375-11387] 0 2 FAS抑制活性测定
(1)酶反应活性测定
活性测定采用分光光度法。 以 5 mol/L 的 AcC0A、 ΙΟμηιοΙ/L 的 MalC0A、 35 mol/L 的的 NADPH 为底物, 在含有 lmmol/L 的 EDTA、 lmmol/L 的 DTT、 100mmol/L的 pH7. 0的 K P04- K2HP04缓冲溶液中, 37 °C下恒温,加入 15- 2(^gFAS 启动反应, 监测 340nm波长处光密度的变化, 以初速度计算 FAS的酶活性。 反 应总体系为 2mL。
(2)快结合抑制的测定方法
将被测样品加入测活体系, 再加入酶启动反应, 测定酶活性为 ,以样品 溶剂为空白对照, 结果为 A。。 Ai/A。为剩余活性, l-Ai/Α。为该样品的快结合抑制 程度。 此抑制是抑制剂和酶非共价结合的结果, 通常为可逆抑制。
(3)半抑制浓度(IC5Q)测定
在不同的待测样品加量下测定样品对 FAS的快结合抑制, 以剩余活性对每 毫升测活溶液中含待测样品的毫克数作图, 得到剩余活性逐步随样品量增加而 降低的曲线。 曲线上活性被抑制一半的浓度即为半抑制浓度 IC5。。 此参数的物 理意义是表现抑制剂的快结合抑制能力的强弱, 值越小抑制能力越强。 通常将 其作为比较不同抑制剂抑制能力的指标。
(4)慢结合抑制的测定方法
被测样品直接加到 0. 5mg/mL FAS 溶液中, 25 °C放置预定时间后, 通过 Sephadex G-25 分子筛离心柱快速去除溶液中的游离小分子抑制剂以排除可逆 抑制,然后取混合溶液测定酶活性 At, 以溶剂代替试样作同样处理的测活为 AQ, At/A。为剩余活性, l-At/Α。为该时刻的慢结合抑制程度。 该抑制通常为抑制剂和 酶共价反应所造成, 是用较长时间完成的不可抑逆失活。 3 结果与分析
梅树非果部分提取物对 FAS的快抑制和慢抑制活性测定结果分别列于表 6 和表 7。 梅树非果部分提取物表现出良好的快抑制和慢抑制活性。 表 6 梅树非果部分提取物对 FAS的快抑制活性(IC5。, g/mL)
Figure imgf000015_0001
结果表明, 青梅非果部分的三个有效部位群中, 梅枝有效部位群 (Dietmate T M -B0)表现出了强的快结合抑制活性, 其抑制 FAS 的 IC5。值为 13. 5 g/mL, 效果优于 C75、 浅兰菌素和 EGCG; 梅叶有效部位群(Dietmate T M-L0)的 IC5Q值为 30 g/mL, 与 C75的快抑制 效果相当;
而梅花有效部位群(Di etmate T M-F0)没有表现出明显的快抑制活性, 测不 出 IC5。值。 表 7 梅 ;对非果部分提取物对 FAS的慢抑制活性测定
Figure imgf000016_0001
*初浓度: 为酶与抑制剂混合体系中的抑制剂浓度(mg/mL);
终浓度: 为测活体系中抑制剂的浓度 (ug/mL)。
结果表明, 梅不同部位的提取物均表现出良好的慢抑制活性, 其中梅花总 黄酮(总黄酮≥50%的制剂)试样 60min时 FAS的活性完全被抑制; 梅枝提取物试 样中总黄酮含量为 22%的制剂慢抑制活性显著强于总黄酮为 15%的制剂; 梅枝 提取物试样浓度与 C75最为接近, 表现出较强的慢抑制活性。
以上结果同时显示, FAS 慢抑制活性的强弱与制剂中黄酮类化合物含量的 高低呈正相关, 表明梅树非果部分提取物 FAS抑制剂的活性可能存在于总黄酮 部位中。 讨论
随着经济发展和生活水平的提高, 肥胖已成为现代社会中最常见的营养障 碍性疾病, 肥胖的发病率在发达国家逐年上升, 肥胖人口在我国亦逐年增多。 体重和血脂水平是衡量肥胖的重要指标。
梅枝提取物(Dietmate T M-B0)主要含长链烷烃、 多烯烃、 VE、 植物^醇和 三萜类化合物等脂溶性成分以及黄酮糖苷、 三萜皂苷、 总酸等水溶性成份, 能 减缓小鼠体重增长, 抑制食欲且能减少血脂, 抑制肝脏内 FAS的活性。 因此其 Dietmate-BO 和所含的有效化合物在防治肥胖症方面可能具有广阔的应用价值 及前景 在本发明提及的所有文献都在本申请中引用作为参考, 就如同每一篇文献 被单独引用作为参考那样。此外应理解,在阅读了本发明的上述讲授内容之后, 本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改, 这些等价形式同样落于本申 请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1.一种梅树提取物在制备用于治疗或预防肥胖的组合物中的用途。
2.如权利要求 1所述的用途, 其特征在于, 所述的组合物还用于抑制脂肪酸 合酶的酶活性和 /或抑制食欲。
3.—种梅树提取物在制备脂肪酸合酶抑制剂组合物中的用途。
4.如权利要求 3所述的用途,其特征在于,所述的抑制剂组合物还可用于(a) 减肥; 和 /或 (b)降低食欲。
5.—种梅树提取物在制备减低食欲的组合物中的用途。
6.如权利要求 5所述的用途, 其特征在于, 所述的组合物还可用于(a)减肥; 和 /或 (b)抑制脂肪酸合酶的酶活性。
7.如权利要求 1一 6任一所述的用途, 其特征在于, 所述的组合物包括药物组 合物、 食品组合物或保健品组合物。
8.如权利要求 1一 6任一所述的用途, 其特征在于, 所述的梅树提取物包括 梅树的花、 枝、 叶、 根、 和 /或树干的水溶性的和 /或脂溶性的提取物。
9.如权利要求 1一 6任一所述的用途, 其特征在于, 所述的梅树为蔷薇科的 梅树; 更佳地梅树为青梅。
10.如权利要求 1一 6任一所述的用途, 其特征在于, 所述的组合物包括选 自下组的额外组分: 梅果提取物、 茶提取物、 天然辣椒素、 L-肉碱、 咖啡因、 膳食纤维或其组合。
11.如权利要求 1一 6任一所述的用途,其特征在于,所述的梅树提取物含有
Figure imgf000018_0001
I I 木栓酮(Friedel in) III 叶绿醇(Phytol)
Figure imgf000019_0001
IV 谷 醇(Sitosterol)
V 柠檬酸(Citric acid)
VI 酒石酸(Tartaric acid)
VII 苹果酸(Malic acid)
Figure imgf000019_0002
VIII 氯原酸 (Chlorogenic acid)
IX 琥珀酸(Succinic acid) =H,或糖基
Figure imgf000019_0003
槲皮素(Quercetin)及其衍生物。
12.如权利要求 1一 6任一所述的用途, 其特征在于, 所述的组合物选自:
(i) 粉剂、 颗粒剂、 胶囊剂、 注射剂、 酊剂、 口服液或片剂;
(ϋ) 饮料或酒类。
13.一种用于减肥、 降低食欲和 /或抑制脂肪酸合酶的酶活性的梅树提取 物。
14.如权利要求 13所述的梅树提取物, 其特征在于, 所述的梅树提取物包 括梅树的花、 枝、 叶、 根、 和 /或树干的水溶性的和 /或脂溶性的提取物。
15.如权利要求 13 所述的梅树提取物, 其特征在于, 所述的梅树提取物是 梅树非果部分提取物, 尤其是梅树的花、 枝、 和 /或叶提取物。
16.如权利要求 13 所述的梅树提取物, 其特征在于, 所述的梅树提取物是 超临界 (¾萃取物、 有机溶剂提取物、 水提取物或其混合。
17.如权利要求 13 所述的梅树提取物, 其特征在于, 所述的梅树提取物中 含有 1- 50^%角鲨烯, 按提取物的总重量计。
18.如权利要求 13 所述的梅树提取物, 其特征在于, 所述的梅树提取物含 有 种(如 1、 2、 3、 4、 5、 6、 7、 8、 9、 或 10种):
Figure imgf000020_0001
I 角 烯 (Squalene)
Figure imgf000020_0002
II 木栓酮(Friedelin)
H,C
3 Chb CH3
III 叶绿醇(Phytol)
Figure imgf000020_0003
IV 谷 醇(Sitosterol)
V 柠檬酸(Citric acid)
VI 酒石酸 (Tartaric acid)
VII 苹果酸(Malic acid)
Figure imgf000020_0004
VIII 氯原酸(Chlorogenic acid) IX 琥珀酸(Succ inic ac i d)
=H ,或糖基
Figure imgf000021_0001
槲皮素(Quercetin)及其衍生物。
19.如权利要求 13所述的梅树提取物, 其特征在于, 所述的梅树为蔷薇科 的梅树; 更佳地梅树为青梅。
20.一种用于减肥、 降低食欲和 /或抑制脂肪酸合酶的酶活性的梅树组合 物。
21.如权利要求 20所述的梅树组合物, 其特征在于, 所述的组合物包括药物 组合物、 食品组合物、 饮食补充剂组合物、 保健品组合物或食品添加剂组合物。
22.如权利要求 20所述的梅树组合物, 其特征在于, 所述的组合物还含有选 自下组的额外有助于减肥的组分: 梅果提取物、 茶提取物、 天然辣椒素、 L-肉 碱、 咖啡因、 膳食纤维或其组合;
或额外的减低食欲的组分;
或抑制 FAS活性的化合物。
23.如权利要求 20所述的梅树组合物, 其特征在于, 所述的组合物选自:
(i)粉剂、 颗粒剂、 胶囊剂、 注射剂、 酊剂、 口服液或片剂;
(i i)饮料或酒类。
24.—种减肥方法, 它包括步骤: 给需要的对象施用梅树提取物。
25.—种降低食欲的方法, 它包括步骤: 给需要的对象施用梅树提取物。
26.—种抑制脂肪酸合酶活性的方法, 它包括步骤: 给需要的对象施用梅 树提取物。
27.如权利要求 24— 26任一所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述的施用量为平 均每天 500-1000毫克 /60千克体重, 服用时间为 1周 -1年或更长。
28.如权利要求 24— 26任一所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述的对象是哺乳 动物, 更佳地为人。
29.如权利要求 24— 26任一所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述的梅树提取物 为非果提取物。
PCT/CN2008/070877 2008-05-05 2008-05-05 梅树提取物的用途 WO2009135353A1 (zh)

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