WO2016024842A1 - 전도성 복합체 및 이의 제조 방법 - Google Patents
전도성 복합체 및 이의 제조 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016024842A1 WO2016024842A1 PCT/KR2015/008521 KR2015008521W WO2016024842A1 WO 2016024842 A1 WO2016024842 A1 WO 2016024842A1 KR 2015008521 W KR2015008521 W KR 2015008521W WO 2016024842 A1 WO2016024842 A1 WO 2016024842A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
- H01B1/22—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L75/00—Compositions of polyureas or polyurethanes; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L75/04—Polyurethanes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
- H01B1/023—Alloys based on aluminium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
- H01B1/026—Alloys based on copper
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2203/00—Applications
- C08L2203/20—Applications use in electrical or conductive gadgets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/14—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing polymeric additives characterised by shape
- C08L2205/18—Spheres
- C08L2205/20—Hollow spheres
Definitions
- the present application relates to a conductive composite and a method for producing the conductive composite.
- Polymeric materials are generally known to be inexpensive and have superior processability and handleability compared to metal or ceramic materials. Due to these characteristics, other materials that have been conventionally applied not only in the industrial field but also in daily life have gradually been replaced by polymer materials. However, there is a limit to replacing the inherent properties (eg, electrically conductive, thermally conductive, magnetic, etc.) of a metal or ceramic material with a single phase polymer material alone. As a method of overcoming these problems and utilizing the advantages of the polymer material and at the same time realizing a material having different characteristics from the polymer itself, a method of forming a composite by dispersing a filler having a property to be imparted to the polymer matrix is used. .
- a conductive composite can be made by dispersing an electrically conductive filler in a polymer that is an insulator.
- the electrically conductive filler include carbon black, carbon nanotubes, graphene, or fine metal particles. If one or two or more of these are dispersed in a well-known polymer matrix such as epoxy or urethane, the polymer may be electrically conductive and at the same time. Complexes with the properties of the matrix can be implemented. By using the appropriate filler according to the purpose in this way, the magnetic, electrical and optical properties of the matrix can also be controlled.
- the process of dispersing the filler in the polymer matrix to implement the composite having the above characteristics there are some problems in the process of dispersing the filler in the polymer matrix to implement the composite having the above characteristics.
- Another problem in preparing composites using metal fillers in the polymer matrix is the process of dispersing the fillers in the matrix. This is generally due to the difference in the specific gravity of the low specific polymer matrix and the high specific metal filler. Metal filler particles dispersed in the matrix are entangled with each other or settle down under the liquid matrix over time.
- a method of solving the above problem there is a method of preparing and using a filler having a high affinity with a matrix and attached to the surface of the metal, but there is a problem in that productivity is decreased due to an increase in processes required for preparing the filler.
- Another problem is that as the amount of filler added to the polymer matrix increases, the composite properties become closer to the intrinsic properties of the filler, but the intrinsic properties of the matrix are gradually lost.
- what is desired to be developed in a composite is to obtain a single, unified material that simultaneously possesses the unique properties of each of the main components of the composite, namely the filler and the matrix.
- some of the components may be sufficiently controlled in physical properties, but in some cases, they may not be sufficient.
- a conductive filler may be introduced into a polymer matrix as an insulator to implement an electrically conductive composite.
- the design of the composition that maximizes the electrical conductivity while minimizing the deterioration of the basic properties of the matrix, as in the case of the weight reduction problem described above is preferable.
- Korean Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2004-0005993 discloses a welding slat made of a composite material including a matrix composed of one or more non-conductive phases and conductive particles distributed therein.
- the present application is to provide a conductive composite and a method of manufacturing the conductive composite.
- a first aspect of the present application is a conductive composite comprising a nonconductive hollow microparticle and a conductive filler dispersed in a matrix, wherein the nonconductive hollow microparticle and the conductive filler contained in the conductive composite by applying pressure or by heat treatment.
- a second aspect of the present disclosure is directed to dispersing a conductive filler and nonconductive hollow microparticles in a dispersion of a matrix to obtain a liquid mixture; Heat treating the liquid mixture to expand or deform the non-conductive hollow microparticles; And drying and / or curing the heat treated mixture.
- a third aspect of the present application is directed to dispersing a conductive filler and non-conductive hollow microparticles in a dispersion of a matrix to obtain a liquid mixture; And expanding or modifying the non-conductive hollow microparticles and the conductive filler by applying pressure or heat treatment to the mixture of the liquid phase during drying and / or curing.
- any one of the above-mentioned means for solving the problem by reducing the weight of the product by reducing the amount of metal filler in the polymer-based conductive composite can improve the product handleability and improve the applicability of the product required to reduce the weight.
- a low-conductive conductive filler it is possible to solve technical difficulties in dispersing the filler due to a large specific gravity difference from the matrix, which is a problem of the conventional metal filler, and to reduce the cost of the final product by minimizing the use of expensive metal.
- in implementing the same electrically conductive composite it is possible to solve the problem of the existing technology that loses the inherent characteristics of the matrix due to the input of a large amount of filler by using a smaller amount of filler than the conventional.
- Figure 1 in one embodiment of the present application, is an image showing the structure of the non-conductive hollow microparticles.
- FIG. 2 is an image showing the structure of a conductive filler in the form of a core-shell in one embodiment of the present application.
- Figure 3 in one embodiment of the present application, is an image showing the structure of the conductive composite before heating.
- FIG. 4 is an image showing the structure of the conductive composite after heating in one embodiment of the present application.
- step to or “step of” does not mean “step for.”
- the term "combination (s) thereof" included in the representation of a makushi form refers to one or more mixtures or combinations selected from the group consisting of the components described in the representation of makushi form, It means to include one or more selected from the group consisting of the above components.
- a first aspect of the present application is a conductive composite comprising a nonconductive hollow microparticle and a conductive filler dispersed in a matrix, wherein the nonconductive hollow microparticle and the conductive filler contained in the conductive composite by applying pressure or by heat treatment.
- the conductive composite by applying pressure or heat treatment in the process of drying and / or curing the liquid mixture formed by dispersing the conductive filler and the non-conductive hollow microparticles in a dispersion of the matrix to the vision
- the conductive hollow microparticles are expanded or deformed.
- the non-conductive hollow microparticles may be expandable or deformable, but may not be limited thereto.
- the expandable or deformable non-conductive hollow microparticles are filler particles that are easily deformed in shape and are polymer particles having an empty space in the center of the particles, and can be easily expanded by applying heat. It is not easily broken under mechanical pressure and has an empty space in the middle, so that the shape of the material can be easily deformed and expandable as compared to solid particles of the same material.
- the conductive filler may be one having an electrical conductivity or a thermal conductivity, but may not be limited thereto.
- the non-conductive hollow microparticles may include an inorganic material or a polymer, but may not be limited thereto.
- the inorganic material or polymer may include glass, alumina, silica, zirconia, silicon nitride (SiN), silicon carbide (SiC), polyethylene, acrylate, or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). However, this may not be limited.
- the conductive filler gold (Au), silver (Ag), copper (Cu), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), aluminum (Al), nickel (Ni), iron ( Fe), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), and combinations thereof;
- the conductive polymer may be polyethylene dioxythiophene, polyacetylene, polypyrrole, polyaniline, polythiophene, poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), poly (3,4-alkylenedioxythiophene), Poly (3,4-dialkylthiophene), poly (3,4-dialkoxythiophene), poly (3,4-cycloalkylthiophene), and combinations thereof It may be, but may not be limited thereto.
- the size of the conductive filler may be about 50 ⁇ m or less, but may not be limited thereto.
- the size of the conductive filler is about 50 ⁇ m or less, about 0.01 ⁇ m to about 50 ⁇ m, about 0.01 ⁇ m to about 45 ⁇ m, about 0.01 ⁇ m to about 40 ⁇ m, about 0.01 ⁇ m to about 35 ⁇ m, about 0.01 ⁇ m To about 30 ⁇ m, about 0.01 ⁇ m to about 25 ⁇ m, about 0.01 ⁇ m to about 20 ⁇ m, about 0.01 ⁇ m to about 15 ⁇ m, about 0.01 ⁇ m to about 10 ⁇ m, about 10 ⁇ m to about 50 ⁇ m, about 15 ⁇ m to about 50 ⁇ m, about 20 ⁇ m to about 50 ⁇ m, about 25 ⁇ m to about 50 ⁇ m, about 30 ⁇ m to about 50 ⁇ m, about 35 ⁇ m to about 50 ⁇ m, about 40 ⁇ m to about 50 ⁇ m,
- the content of the conductive filler and the non-conductive microporous particles may be about 1 to about 60 parts by weight based on about 100 parts by weight of the conductive composite, but may not be limited thereto.
- the weight part of the conductive filler is about 1 to about 60 parts by weight, about 1 to about 50 parts by weight, about 1 to about 40 parts by weight, and about 1 to about 30 parts by weight based on about 100 parts by weight of the conductive composite.
- the matrix is glue, gelatin, albumin, casein, starch, cellulose, polysaccharides, latex, polyvinylacetate, vinyl, acrylic, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, Polycarbonate, polyester, polyamide, polysulfone, polyimide, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyether ether ketone (PEEK), urea resin, epoxy resin, urethane resin (or polyurethane), polychloroprene, styrene Butadiene rubber, polyisobutylene, silicone resin, epoxy modified silicone resin, and combinations thereof may be included, but may not be limited to.
- the dispersion of the matrix is obtained by dissolving or dispersing the matrix component in a suitable solvent
- the solvent may include water, a lower alcohol, or a suitable organic solvent (eg, but not limited to ketones). It may not be.
- the heat treatment in the process of drying and / or curing the liquid mixture formed by dispersing the conductive filler and the non-conductive hollow microparticles in a matrix may be performed at about 150 °C or less, but not limited thereto. It may not be.
- the heat treatment temperature range is about 150 ° C. or less, room temperature to about 150 ° C., room temperature to about 140 ° C., room temperature to about 130 ° C., room temperature to about 120 ° C., room temperature to about 110 ° C., room temperature to about 100 ° C. Or, it may be from room temperature to about 80 °C, but may not be limited thereto.
- the drying and / or curing temperature range is about 150 ° C.
- the heat treatment temperature range is about 150 ° C. or less, room temperature to about 150 ° C., room temperature to about 140 ° C., room temperature to about 130 ° C., room temperature to about 120 ° C., room temperature to about 110 ° C., room temperature To about 100 ° C., or room temperature to about 80 ° C., but may not be limited thereto.
- the heat treatment temperature range is about 150 ° C. or less, room temperature to about 150 ° C., room temperature to about 140 ° C., room temperature to about 130 ° C., room temperature to about 120 ° C., room temperature to about 110 ° C., room temperature to about 100 ° C. Or, it may be from room temperature to about 80 °C, but may not be limited thereto.
- the appropriate temperature for drying and / or curing is about 150 ° C. or less, room temperature to about 150 ° C., room temperature to about 140 ° C., room temperature to about 130 ° C., room temperature to about 120 ° C, room temperature to about 110 ° C, room temperature to about 100 ° C, about 40 ° C to about 150 ° C, about 40 ° C to about 140 ° C, about 40 ° C to about 130 ° C, about 40 ° C to about 120 ° C, about 40 ° C To about 110 ° C., or about 40 ° C. to about 100 ° C., but may not be limited thereto.
- the appropriate temperature for drying and / or curing is about 150 ° C. or less, room temperature to about 150 ° C., room temperature to about 140 ° C., room temperature to about 130 ° C., room temperature to About 120 ° C, room temperature to about 110 ° C, room temperature to about 100 ° C, about 40 ° C to about 150 ° C, about 40 ° C to about 140 ° C, about 40 ° C to about 130 ° C, about 40 ° C to about 120 ° C, about 40 ° C.
- °C to about 150 °C about 90 °C to about 140 °C, about 90 °C to about 130 °C, about 90 °C to about 120 °C, about 100 °C to about 150 °C, about 100 °C to about 140 °C, about 10 0 ° C. to about 130 ° C., or about 100 ° C. to about 120 ° C., but may not be limited thereto.
- the conductive composite may be a reduced percolation threshold (percolation threshold) of the conductive composite, but may not be limited thereto.
- the perpolation threshold refers to a point in the coating comprising the conductive filler that indicates the content of the conductive filler at the point where the coating transitions from the electrical nonconductor to the conductor as the conductive filler content is gradually increased from a low value to a high value.
- As the percolation threshold is lower it is possible to implement a conductive coating having a low conductive filler content, which may mean that a relatively low price product can be produced, but may not be limited thereto.
- the conductive composite may be used in a conductive adhesive, a conductive ink, an electromagnetic shielding coating, a conductive sealing agent, or a conductive in place gasket (formed in place gasket), but may not be limited thereto. have.
- a second aspect of the present disclosure is directed to dispersing a conductive filler and nonconductive hollow microparticles in a dispersion of a matrix to obtain a liquid mixture; Heat treating the liquid mixture to expand or deform the non-conductive hollow microparticles; And drying and / or curing the heat treated mixture.
- the drying (solvent evaporation) and the curing of the matrix is carried out at the same time, if there is no solvent may be that curing is performed, but is not limited thereto It may not be.
- the heat treatment may be performed at a temperature of about 150 °C or less, but may not be limited thereto.
- the heat treatment temperature range is about 150 ° C. or less, room temperature to about 150 ° C., room temperature to about 140 ° C., room temperature to about 130 ° C., room temperature to about 120 ° C., room temperature to about 110 ° C., room temperature to about 100 ° C. Or, it may be from room temperature to about 80 °C, but may not be limited thereto.
- the drying and / or curing may be performed at a temperature of about 150 °C or less, but may not be limited thereto.
- the drying and / or curing temperature range is about 150 ° C. or less, room temperature to about 150 ° C., room temperature to about 140 ° C., room temperature to about 130 ° C., room temperature to about 120 ° C., room temperature to about 110 ° C., room temperature To about 100 ° C., or room temperature to about 80 ° C., but may not be limited thereto.
- the drying and / or curing temperature of the conductive composite may be an appropriate temperature of drying and / or curing depending on the type and / or properties of the material used as the matrix used, for example When the matrix comprises polyurethane, the appropriate temperature for drying and / or curing is about 150 ° C.
- the matrix comprises epoxy modified silicone
- the appropriate temperature for drying and / or curing is about 150 ° C.
- ° C to about 150 ° C about 90 ° C to about 140 ° C, about 90 ° C to about 130 ° C, or about 90 ° C to about 120 ° C, about 100 ° C to about 150 ° C, about 100 ° C to about 140 ° C, It may be about 100 °C to about 130 °C, or about 100 °C to about 120 °C, but may not be limited thereto.
- the matrix, cellulose, latex, polyvinylacetate, vinyl, acrylic, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyester, polyamide, polysulfone, poly Mid, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyether ether ketone (PEEK), urea resin, epoxy resin, urethane resin (or polyurethane), polychloroprene, styrene butadiene rubber, polyisobutylene, silicone resin, epoxy modified Silicone resin, and combinations thereof may be selected from the group consisting of, but may not be limited thereto.
- the dispersion of the matrix is obtained by dissolving or dispersing the matrix component in a suitable solvent
- the solvent may include water, a lower alcohol, or a suitable organic solvent (eg, but not limited to ketones). It may not be.
- the mixture of the liquid may be to include a thickener, antioxidant, or surfactant as an additive, but may not be limited thereto.
- the thickener, the antioxidant, or the surfactant may be prepared by dispersing the hollow fine particles and the conductive filler in the dispersion of the matrix during the preparation process, but are not limited thereto.
- the mixture of the liquid may be to include a coating on the substrate, but may not be limited thereto.
- the substrate may be acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resin (ABS), bulk molding compound (BMC), sheet molding compound (SMC), fiber reinforced plastic (FRP), polypropylene (PP), polyphenylene Oxide (PPO), polystyrene (PS), reaction injection modeling (RIM), thermosetting resin, polycarbonate, and combinations thereof, but may be selected from the group consisting of, but may not be limited thereto. have.
- the application may be performed by spraying or coating, but may not be limited thereto.
- the content of the conductive filler and the non-conductive microporous particles may be about 1 to about 60 parts by weight based on about 100 parts by weight of the conductive composite, but may not be limited thereto.
- the weight part of the conductive filler is about 1 to about 60 parts by weight, about 1 to about 50 parts by weight, about 1 to about 40 parts by weight, and about 1 to about 30 parts by weight based on about 100 parts by weight of the conductive composite.
- a third aspect of the present application is directed to dispersing a conductive filler and non-conductive hollow microparticles in a dispersion of a matrix to obtain a liquid mixture; And expanding or modifying the non-conductive hollow microparticles and the conductive filler by applying pressure or heat treatment to the mixture of the liquid phase during drying and / or curing.
- the drying (solvent evaporation) and the curing of the matrix is carried out at the same time, if there is no solvent may be that curing is performed, but is not limited thereto It may not be.
- the drying and / or curing may be performed at a temperature of about 150 °C or less, but may not be limited thereto.
- the heat treatment in the drying and / or curing process may be performed at 150 ° C or less, but may not be limited thereto.
- the drying and / or curing temperature range is about 150 ° C. or less, room temperature to about 150 ° C., room temperature to about 140 ° C., room temperature to about 130 ° C., room temperature to about 120 ° C., room temperature to about 110 ° C., room temperature To about 100 ° C., or room temperature to about 80 ° C., but may not be limited thereto.
- the drying and / or curing temperature of the conductive composite may be an appropriate temperature of drying and / or curing depending on the type and / or properties of the material used as the matrix used, for example When the matrix comprises polyurethane, the appropriate temperature for drying and / or curing is about 150 ° C.
- the matrix comprises epoxy modified silicone
- the appropriate temperature for drying and / or curing is about 150 ° C.
- ° C to about 150 ° C about 90 ° C to about 140 ° C, about 90 ° C to about 130 ° C, or about 90 ° C to about 120 ° C, about 100 ° C to about 150 ° C, about 100 ° C to about 140 ° C, It may be about 100 °C to about 130 °C, or about 100 °C to about 120 °C, but may not be limited thereto.
- the matrix is glue, gelatin, albumin, casein, starch, cellulose, polysaccharides, latex, polyvinylacetate, vinyl, acrylic, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, Polycarbonate, polyester, polyamide, polysulfone, polyimide, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyether ether ketone (PEEK), urea resin, epoxy resin, urethane resin, polychloroprene, styrene butadiene rubber, polyiso Butylene, silicone resins, epoxy modified silicone resins, and combinations thereof may be selected from the group consisting of, but may not be limited thereto.
- the dispersion of the matrix is obtained by dissolving or dispersing the matrix component in a suitable solvent, and the solvent may include water, a lower alcohol, or a suitable organic solvent (eg, but not limited to ketones). It may not be.
- the mixture of the liquid may be to include a thickener, antioxidant, or surfactant as an additive, but may not be limited thereto.
- the thickener, the antioxidant, or the surfactant may be prepared by dispersing the fine hollow particles and the conductive filler in the dispersion of the matrix during the preparation process, but are not limited thereto.
- the mixture of the liquid may be to include a coating on the substrate, but may not be limited thereto.
- the substrate may be acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resin (ABS), bulk molding compound (BMC), sheet molding compound (SMC), fiber reinforced plastic (FRP), polypropylene (PP), polyphenylene Oxide (PPO), polystyrene (PS), reaction injection modeling (RIM), thermosetting resin, polycarbonate, and combinations thereof, but may be selected from the group consisting of, but may not be limited thereto. have.
- the application may be performed by spraying or coating, but may not be limited thereto.
- the content of the conductive filler and the non-conductive microporous particles may be about 1 to about 60 parts by weight based on about 100 parts by weight of the conductive composite, but may not be limited thereto.
- the weight part of the conductive filler is about 1 to about 60 parts by weight, about 1 to about 50 parts by weight, about 1 to about 40 parts by weight, and about 1 to about 30 parts by weight based on about 100 parts by weight of the conductive composite.
- the general procedure for preparing a polymer-based conductive composite is as follows.
- fillers of different materials from the matrix are dispersed in the matrix.
- mechanical properties such as rate control during curing and / or drying process and physical properties after curing (for example, adhesion, adhesive durability, and surface hardness)
- appropriate additives can be added as needed.
- New lightweight conductive fillers are designed to replace the particles or silver plated copper (Cu) particles.
- the new type of filler has a structure in which a low specific gravity polymer material is replaced by a hollow core in a core-shell form such as silver plated copper particles.
- the new type of filler is characterized by being able to easily expand its volume by applying heat and easily change its shape by applying mechanical force.
- the filler In composites in which the filler is dispersed in the matrix, the filler is mainly in the form of fine particles. If the filler microparticles dispersed in the matrix are not in contact with each other, it is impossible to develop electrical conductivity in the composite.
- the method of sufficiently narrowing the distance between the filler fine particles is to increase the input amount of the filler in the matrix to a sufficient level, but the method causes the weight, the price of the electrically conductive composite, and the quality deterioration as described above.
- a method of inducing networking of the conductive filler such that the non-conductive hollow microparticles are dispersed in the matrix together with the conductive filler as a relatively small amount of the conductive filler may exhibit electrical conductivity in the composite.
- a liquid composite is prepared by dispersing nonconductive hollow microparticles together with a conductive filler in a matrix.
- the liquid complex is then attached to the workpiece, dried and / or cured.
- the hollow fillers containing the expansion gas in the matrix expand, and the expansion rate of the conductive filler is much lower than that of the non-conductive hollow microparticles due to the metal plating on the surface.
- there is a difference in the relative sizes of the two types of fillers in which small conductive filler particles are forced into the gaps between the large non-conductive hollow expansion filler particles, whereby the conductive particles in the matrix In the form of a connected structure is derived. In this way, much of the space inside the existing electrically conductive composites can be replaced with low specific gravity non-conductive hollow microparticles, with the exception of the minimum conductive paths necessary to be electrically conductive.
- the contact between the ideal round sphere and the sphere is a point contact, with a very small contact area.
- the form of the new type of conductive filler described above is close to spherical in shape at the time of initial manufacture. Therefore, the contact area at the time of initial contact between the conductive filler particles during the curing of the composite is very limited.
- the mechanical pressure inside the composite gradually increases, and the pressure deforms the shape of the conductive fillers. This deformation deforms the shape of the filler in the direction in which the contact area of the conductive fillers increases.
- an increase in the contact area of the conductive fillers results in an increase in the electrical conductivity of the composite or a decrease in the electrical resistance.
- the hollow particles are expanded and deformed in the direction of the vertical plane of the external pressure due to the internal pressure of the hollow filler to expand in the matrix, so that the networking of the conductive particles is made more in the vertical plane. Anisotropy can be achieved.
- One embodiment of the present application is to implement an electrically conductive composite having a low conductive filler content percolation threshold.
- the perpolation threshold refers to a point in the coating including the conductive filler that indicates the content of the conductive filler at the point at which the coating transitions from the electrical nonconductor to the conductor when the conductive filler content is gradually increased from a low value to a high value.
- As the percolation threshold is lower, it is possible to implement a conductive coating having a low conductive filler content, which may mean that a relatively low price product can be produced, but may not be limited thereto.
- the electrically conductive composite may be utilized in various forms.
- Representative products include, for example, electromagnetic shielding agents or conductive adhesives.
- Electromagnetic wave shielding agents are processed in the form of gaskets, coatings, films, fabrics, etc., and the products or industries to which these products are applied are mobile phones, automobiles, medical devices, electronic measuring devices, monitors, controllers, antennas, and communication devices.
- the military is very numerous and diverse.
- Conductive adhesives have received attention as a substitute for conventional solders, especially in the field of component surface mounting technology in the electronics manufacturing industry.
- the conductive adhesive or the electromagnetic shielding is coated on the surface of a part or a product, and thus the composition of the electrically conductive composite is composed of an adhesive nonconductive matrix and a dispersed conductive filler.
- the adhesive matrix may be roughly classified into a natural polymer system, a synthetic polymer system, and an inorganic polymer system according to its components.
- Natural polymer systems can be divided into, for example, protein systems such as glue, gelatin, albumin, casein, carbohydrates such as starch, cellulose, complex polysaccharides, and natural rubbers such as latex.
- Synthetic polymers include, for example, vinyl such as polyvinylacetate and copolymers thereof, acrylic copolymers, EVA copolymers, PVC, PS, polycarbonates, polyesters, polyamides, polysulfones, and polyimides.
- Thermosetting resins such as resins, urea resins, epoxy resins, urethane resins (or polyurethanes), and rubbers such as polychloroprene, SBR, polyisobutylene, silicone resins, and epoxy-modified silicone resins.
- An advantage of the thermoplastic resin adhesive is that repair is easy after curing.
- the thermosetting resin-based adhesive is a major advantage that the curing process is irreversible but maintains strong adhesion even at high temperatures.
- Thermosetting resins and thermoplastics have their advantages and disadvantages, so there are products that expand the applicability by mixing the two materials and combining the properties of each material.
- the adhesive is classified according to the curing method, it can be classified into a room temperature curing adhesive, a photocurable adhesive, a solvent adhesive, a hot melt adhesive, and an adhesive (PSA). It can be divided into light adhesive and microwave adhesive.
- the shape of the conductive filler is spherical, fibrous, plate-like, granular, and the like, the plate-like is known to be the most advantageous to implement high electrical conductivity because of the high connection between the filler particles.
- metals such as gold (Au), silver (Ag), copper (Cu), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), aluminum (Al), and nickel (Ni) are used as conductive fillers. Is generally on the order of about 0.01 ⁇ m to about 50 ⁇ m.
- carbon-based or conductive polymers such as carbon black, carbon nanotubes, and graphene are used as conductive fillers.
- non-conductive hollow microparticles have been used for the purpose of lowering the weight and cost of products or controlling mechanical properties.
- examples include inorganic materials such as alumina, silica or zirconia and organic materials such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and polyethylene (PE).
- PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
- PE polyethylene
- Part of the improved form is a filler in the form of a silver plated surface of the relatively inexpensive copper particles.
- Such a structure is called a core-shell structure, and in addition to copper, ceramic materials such as silica (SiO 2 ), zirconia (ZrO 2 ), alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), glass, and polyethylene ( PE), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), cellulose acetate, and other polymeric resins can be used, and various single metal or alloy materials are possible as the material of the shell.
- ceramic materials such as silica (SiO 2 ), zirconia (ZrO 2 ), alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), glass, and polyethylene ( PE), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), cellulose acetate, and other polymeric resins
- PE polyethylene
- PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
- cellulose acetate cellulose acetate
- the polymer particles having an empty space in the center of the particles are applied as filler particles that can be easily changed in size and shape (FIG. 1).
- This type of microparticles is called hollow microspheres.
- the expansion gas When the expansion gas is injected into the empty space of the particles, it can be easily expanded by applying heat, and as a polymer material, it is not easily broken under mechanical pressure, and has an empty space in the middle, compared to the hollow particles of the same material. Easy to deform in shape Therefore, when dispersed in the matrix, it is possible to easily expand by heating even in the environment of the irregularly shaped matrix molecular chain.
- These microhollow particles can be purchased and used because they are commercially available.
- Expancel ® Microspheres from Akzonobel.
- the surface of the microporous particles of the polymer material should be plated with metal to be transformed into a core-shell structure (FIG. 2).
- Plating methods and core-shell structure fabrication can be found in the literature [Korean Journal of Materials Research Vol. 11, No. 11, 2001 (Uk Jung Kim), Chem. Eur. J. 2000, 6, No. 3 pp. 413-419 (frank Caruso), Chem. Commun., 2002, 350-351 (AG Dong et al.), CHIN. PHYS. LETT. Vol. 22, no. 4 (2005) 975 (LIU Jun-Bing et al.), J. of Nanomaterials Vol. 2010 (Choo Hwan Chang et al.).
- the metal filler is evenly dispersed in the matrix to obtain a low resistance composite.
- the average and distribution of filler particle size affects the properties of the composite, and the smaller the particle size, the greater the density of filler particles needed to cross the percolation threshold.
- the matrix is made into a liquid phase containing a polymerizable monomer to attach to the workpiece by thermal or UV curing (FIG. 3).
- the thermosetting resin is initially in the form of a monomer or prepolymer and polymerized during the curing process.
- Curing temperature is generally about 80 °C to about 150 °C and some products can be cured at room temperature.
- Conductive adhesives used for attaching electronic components to substrates often require a one-component type, and must be able to withstand various environments in the manufacturing process, and often cure in about 1 minute to about 2 minutes at about 150 ° C.
- Base material is acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resin (ABS), bulk molding compound (BMC), fiber reinforced plastic (FRP), polypropylene (PP), polyphenylene oxide (PPO), polystyrene (PS), reaction injection molding (RIM), thermosetting resin (SMC), polycarbonate, etc. are available.
- ABS acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resin
- BMC bulk molding compound
- FRP fiber reinforced plastic
- PP polypropylene
- PPO polyphenylene oxide
- PS polystyrene
- RIM reaction injection molding
- SMC thermosetting resin
- polycarbonate etc.
- the solvent evaporates in the case of the solvent type or the monomer in the case of the solvent type polymerizes the solid composite to be coated. Is attached to.
- the method of applying to the object may be coated by spraying directly with a sprayer or by applying a brush. Thereafter, heat or pressure is applied to the coating to expand or deform the filler. At this time, the non-conductive hollow microparticles expand in volume but do not melt by heat, and maintain the temperature until the matrix is completely cured and turned into a solid so that the expanded space does not shrink again.
- the conductive filler particles should also expand with heat, but the expansion rate of the non-conductive particles should be significantly lower.
- the conductive filler particles dispersed together by the expansion of the non-conductive microporous particles are pushed into the gaps between the microporous particles and are concentrated between the particles so that they are in contact with or very close to each other, thereby creating a new path for heat or electricity to flow before and after heating. (FIG. 4).
- the electroconductive percolation threshold is influenced by the relative sizes of the non-conductive hollow microparticles and the conductive filler.
- a conductive composite was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the drying conditions were changed to dry at room temperature.
- the electrical resistance of the prepared conductive composite was conducted with a resistance meter, and the electrical resistance measurement results of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 are shown in Table 1 below.
- a conductive composite was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2, except that the drying conditions were modified to dry at room temperature.
- the electrical resistance of the prepared conductive composite was conducted with a resistance meter, and the results of electrical resistance measurement for Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 are shown in Table 2 below.
- the prepared composition was coated on a polycarbonate film as a substrate using an applicator, and then placed in an oven to expand non-conductive hollow microparticles at 120 ° C. for 30 minutes and then cured at 140 ° C. for 30 minutes. After curing, the electrical resistance of the prepared conductive composite was measured using a resistance meter.
- a conductive composite was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3, except that the drying conditions were modified to be performed at 80 ° C. for 30 minutes to control the expansion conditions of the non-conductive microporous particles.
- the electrical resistance of the prepared conductive composite was conducted with a resistance meter, and the electrical resistance measurement results of Example 3 and Comparative Example 3 are shown in Table 3 below.
- the drying conditions are different from 120 °C to 80 °C, it can be seen that the electrical resistance is significantly different. However, this does not mean that the electrical properties of the conductive composite to be produced is increased as the drying temperature is increased, but that the proper temperature exists according to the properties of the material to be produced.
- the non-conductive hollow microparticles are expanded by Means that the appropriate temperature to improve the electrical conductivity of the conductive composite to be produced is 120 °C. Through Example 3 and Comparative Example 3, it can be seen that the electrical resistance is lowered according to the drying temperature difference and the electrical conductivity of the prepared conductive composite is increased.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (18)
- 매트릭스에 분산된, 비전도성 중공미세입자 및 전도성 충전재를 포함하는, 전도성 복합체로서,압력을 가하거나 열처리에 의하여 상기 전도성 복합체에 포함된 상기 비전도성 중공미세입자 및 전도성 충전재가 팽창 또는 변형된 것인,전도성 복합체.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 비전도성 중공미세입자는 팽창(expandable) 또는 변형 가능한(deformable) 것인, 전도성 복합체.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 전도성 충전재는 전기전도성 또는 열전도성을 가지는 것인, 전도성 복합체.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 비전도성 중공미세입자는 무기물 또는 고분자를 포함하는 것인, 전도성 복합체.
- 제 4 항에 있어서,상기 무기물 또는 고분자는 유리, 알루미나, 실리카, 지르코니아, 실리콘카바이드, 실리콘나이트라이드, 폴리에틸렌, 아크릴레이트, 또는 폴리메틸 메타크릴레이트(PMMA)를 포함하는 것인, 전도성 복합체.
- 제 3 항에 있어서,상기 전도성 충전재는, 금(Au), 은(Ag), 구리(Cu), 백금(Pt), 팔라듐(Pd), 알루미늄(Al), 니켈(Ni), 철(Fe), 망간(Mn), 코발트(Co), 및 이들의 조합들로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 것; 또는, 카본블랙, 카본나노튜브, 그래핀, 또는 전도성 고분자를 포함하는 것인, 전도성 복합체.
- 제 6 항에 있어서,상기 전도성 고분자는, 폴리에틸렌다이옥시티오펜, 폴리아세틸렌, 폴리피롤, 폴리아닐린, 폴리티오펜, 폴리(3,4-에틸렌디옥시티오펜), 폴리(3,4-알킬렌디옥시티오펜), 폴리(3,4-디알킬티오펜), 폴리(3,4-디알콕시티오펜), 폴리(3,4-시클로알킬티오펜), 및 이들의 조합들로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 것을 포함하는 것인, 전도성 복합체.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 전도성 충전재의 크기는 50 μm 이하인 것인, 전도성 복합체.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 전도성 복합체 100 중량부에 대하여 상기 전도성 충전재의 중량부가 1 내지 60 중량부인, 전도성 복합체.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 매트릭스는, 셀룰로오스, 라텍스, 폴리비닐아세테이트, 비닐계, 아크릴계, 에틸렌비닐아세테이트 공중합체, 폴리염화비닐, 폴리스타이렌, 폴리카보네이트, 폴리에스터, 폴리아마이드, 폴리설폰, 폴리아마이드, 폴리비닐리덴 플루오라이드(PVDF), 폴리에테르 에테르케톤(PEEK), 요소 수지, 에폭시 수지, 우레탄 수지, 폴리클로로프렌, 스티렌 부타디엔 고무, 폴리이소부틸렌, 실리콘 수지, 에폭시 변성 실리콘 수지, 및 이들의 조합들로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 것을 포함하는 것인 전도성 복합체.
- 전도성 충전재 및 비전도성 중공미세입자를 매트릭스의 분산액에 분산시켜 액상의 혼합물을 수득하고;상기 액상의 혼합물을 열처리하여 상기 비전도성 중공미세입자를 팽창 또는 변형시키고; 및상기 열처리된 혼합물을 건조 및/또는 경화시키는 것을 포함하는, 전도성 복합체의 제조 방법.
- 전도성 충전재 및 비전도성 중공미세입자를 매트릭스의 분산액에 분산시켜 액상의 혼합물을 수득하고; 및상기 액상의 혼합물을 건조 및/또는 경화 중에 압력을 가하거나 열처리하여 상기 비전도성 중공미세입자 및 전도성 충전재를 팽창 또는 변형시키는 것을 포함하는, 전도성 복합체의 제조 방법.
- 제 11 항 또는 제 12 항에 있어서,상기 건조 및/또는 경화는 150℃ 이하의 온도에서 수행되는 것인, 전도성 복합체의 제조 방법.
- 제 11 항 또는 제 12 항에 있어서,상기 매트릭스는, 셀룰로오스, 라텍스, 폴리비닐아세테이트, 비닐계, 아크릴계, 에틸렌비닐아세테이트 공중합체, 폴리염화비닐, 폴리스타이렌, 폴리카보네이트, 폴리에스터, 폴리아마이드, 폴리설폰, 폴리이미드, 폴리비닐리덴 플루오라이드(PVDF), 폴리에테르 에테르케톤(PEEK), 요소 수지, 에폭시 수지, 우레탄 수지, 폴리클로로프렌, 스티렌 부타디엔 고무, 폴리이소부틸렌, 실리콘 수지, 에폭시 변성 실리콘 수지, 및 이들의 조합들로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 것을 포함하는 것인, 전도성 복합체의 제조 방법.
- 제 11 항 또는 제 12 항에 있어서,상기 액상의 혼합물은 증점제, 산화방지제, 또는 계면활성제를 추가 포함하는 것인, 전도성 복합체의 제조 방법.
- 제 11 항 또는 제 12 항에 있어서,상기 액상의 혼합물은 기재 상에 도포되는 것을 포함하는 것인, 전도성 복합체의 제조 방법.
- 제 16 항에 있어서,상기 기재는, 아크릴로니트릴-부타디엔-스티렌수지(ABS), 벌크몰딩컴파운드(BMC), 시트몰딩컴파운드(SMC), 섬유강화플라스틱(FRP), 폴리프로필렌(PP), 폴리페닐렌옥사이드(PPO), 폴리스타이렌(PS), 반응사출성형(RIM), 열경화성수지, 폴리카보네이트, 및 이들의 조합들로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 것을 포함하는 것인, 전도성 복합체의 제조 방법.
- 제 16 항에 있어서,상기 도포는 분사 또는 코팅에 의해서 수행되는 것인, 전도성 복합체의 제조 방법.
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WO2018062172A1 (ja) * | 2016-09-30 | 2018-04-05 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | 熱伝導性熱膨張性樹脂組成物、熱伝導性熱膨張性成形体、バッテリーモジュール、及びバッテリーパック |
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CN115340748A (zh) * | 2021-05-12 | 2022-11-15 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | 基于导电中空微球的轻质高强电磁屏蔽复合材料及其制备方法和应用 |
CN115340748B (zh) * | 2021-05-12 | 2024-05-03 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | 基于导电中空微球的轻质高强电磁屏蔽复合材料及其制备方法和应用 |
CN115246994A (zh) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-10-28 | 浙江师范大学 | 一种导热-吸波一体化柔性材料及其制备方法与应用 |
CN115246994B (zh) * | 2021-12-31 | 2024-04-05 | 浙江师范大学 | 一种导热-吸波一体化柔性材料及其制备方法与应用 |
CN114525039A (zh) * | 2022-03-15 | 2022-05-24 | 金美菊 | 一种石墨烯改性树脂及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP3182417A1 (en) | 2017-06-21 |
JP2017524801A (ja) | 2017-08-31 |
KR20160021061A (ko) | 2016-02-24 |
KR101791989B1 (ko) | 2017-11-20 |
CN106575536A (zh) | 2017-04-19 |
CN106575536B (zh) | 2019-03-15 |
US20170154702A1 (en) | 2017-06-01 |
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