WO2016013460A1 - 高分子化合物およびそれを用いた有機半導体素子 - Google Patents
高分子化合物およびそれを用いた有機半導体素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016013460A1 WO2016013460A1 PCT/JP2015/070235 JP2015070235W WO2016013460A1 WO 2016013460 A1 WO2016013460 A1 WO 2016013460A1 JP 2015070235 W JP2015070235 W JP 2015070235W WO 2016013460 A1 WO2016013460 A1 WO 2016013460A1
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- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000025 triisopropylsilyl group Chemical group C(C)(C)[Si](C(C)C)(C(C)C)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910000404 tripotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019798 tripotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vertaline Natural products C1C2C=3C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=3OC(C=C3)=CC=C3CCC(=O)OC1CC1N2CCCC1 PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a polymer compound and an organic semiconductor element using the same.
- An organic transistor using an organic semiconductor material of a polymer compound can be manufactured at a lower temperature than a transistor using a conventional inorganic semiconductor material, and an active layer of the organic transistor can be formed by a coating method. It has the advantage that it can be manufactured by a simple process.
- Non-Patent Document 1 a polymer compound represented by the following formula has been proposed.
- the top gate-bottom contact (hereinafter referred to as “TGBC”) element structure which is one of the typical element structures of organic transistors, can provide a relatively high carrier mobility, but has a gate insulating film formed on the active layer. In order to form a film, a manufacturing process in consideration of damage to the active layer is necessary.
- a bottom gate-bottom contact (hereinafter referred to as “BGBC”) element structure which is one of other typical element structures, has an active layer formed on a gate insulating film, so that the element manufacturing process is easy. .
- the carrier mobility is not sufficient in the BGBC element structure, and a higher carrier mobility is desired in the TGBC element structure.
- the present invention provides a polymer compound that can exhibit excellent carrier mobility in both the BGBC element structure and the TGBC element structure when used as a constituent material of an active layer of an organic transistor. For the purpose.
- the present invention is as follows.
- a polymer compound containing a structural unit represented by the formula (1) [1] A polymer compound containing a structural unit represented by the formula (1).
- Ring A and ring B each independently represent a heterocycle, and the heterocycle may have a substituent.
- Ring C represents a condensed aromatic heterocycle having no line symmetry axis and no rotation axis, and the aromatic heterocycle may have a substituent.
- Z 1 and Z 2 are each independently a group represented by the formula (Z-1), a group represented by the formula (Z-2), a group represented by the formula (Z-3), a formula (Z -4), a group represented by formula (Z-5), a group represented by formula (Z-6), or a group represented by formula (Z-7).
- R represents an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an alkylthio group, a cycloalkylthio group, an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group, and these groups optionally have a substituent. When a plurality of R are present, they may be the same or different.
- Ring A, ring B, Z 1 and Z 2 represent the same meaning as described above.
- X 3 represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a selenium atom.
- Ring D represents an aromatic hydrocarbon ring selected from the group consisting of a benzene ring and a condensed ring in which 2 to 4 benzene rings are condensed, and the aromatic hydrocarbon ring may have a substituent.
- R 1 and R 2 are each independently a hydrogen atom, alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, alkoxy group, cycloalkoxy group, alkylthio group, cycloalkylthio group, aryl group, monovalent heterocyclic group, halogen atom, silyl group Represents an amino group, an alkenyl group, a cycloalkenyl group, an alkynyl group, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, a cyano group, a carboxyl group, an alkylcarbonyl group, a cycloalkylcarbonyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group or a cycloalkoxycarbonyl group.
- alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, alkoxy group, cycloalkoxy group, alkylthio group, cycloalkylthio group, aryl group, monovalent heterocyclic group, silyl group, amino group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, alkylcarbonyl group, cycloalkyl Carbonyl group Cycloalkoxy group and cycloalkoxy group may have a substituent.
- R 1 , R 2 , X 3 , Z 1 and Z 2 represent the same meaning as described above.
- X 1 and X 2 each independently represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a selenium atom.
- Y 1 represents a nitrogen atom or a group represented by —CR 5 ⁇
- Y 2 represents a nitrogen atom or a group represented by —CR 6 ⁇ .
- R 5 and R 6 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an alkylthio group, a cycloalkylthio group, an aryl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group or a halogen atom, Of these groups, the alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, alkoxy group, cycloalkoxy group, alkylthio group, cycloalkylthio group, aryl group and monovalent heterocyclic group each may have a substituent.
- [5] The polymer compound according to [4], wherein X 1 , X 2, and X 3 are all sulfur atoms.
- Ring A and ring B each independently represent a heterocyclic ring, and the heterocyclic ring may have a substituent other than R 7 and R 8 .
- X 3 represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a selenium atom.
- Z 1 and Z 2 are each independently a group represented by the formula (Z-1), a group represented by the formula (Z-2), a group represented by the formula (Z-3), a formula (Z -4), a group represented by formula (Z-5), a group represented by formula (Z-6), or a group represented by formula (Z-7).
- R 1 and R 2 are each independently a hydrogen atom, alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, alkoxy group, cycloalkoxy group, alkylthio group, cycloalkylthio group, aryl group, monovalent heterocyclic group, halogen atom, silyl group Represents an amino group, an alkenyl group, a cycloalkenyl group, an alkynyl group, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, a cyano group, a carboxyl group, an alkylcarbonyl group, a cycloalkylcarbonyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group or a cycloalkoxycarbonyl group.
- alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, alkoxy group, cycloalkoxy group, alkylthio group, cycloalkylthio group, aryl group, monovalent heterocyclic group, silyl group, amino group, alkenyl group, cycloalkenyl group, alkynyl group, alkylcarbonyl Group and a Job aryloxycarbonyl group may have a substituent.
- R 7 and R 8 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a silyl group, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a boric acid ester residue, a boric acid residue or an organotin residue, and among these groups, silyl The group may have a substituent.
- R represents an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an alkylthio group, a cycloalkylthio group, an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group, and these groups optionally have a substituent. When a plurality of R are present, they may be the same or different.
- R represents an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an alkylthio group, a cycloalkylthio group, an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group, and these groups optionally have a substituent. When a plurality of R are present, they may be the same or different.
- R 1 , R 2 , R 7 , R 8 , X 3 , Z 1 and Z 2 represent the same meaning as described above.
- X 1 and X 2 each independently represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a selenium atom.
- Y 1 represents a nitrogen atom or a group represented by —CR 5 ⁇
- Y 2 represents a nitrogen atom or a group represented by —CR 6 ⁇ .
- R 5 and R 6 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an alkylthio group, a cycloalkylthio group, an aryl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group or a halogen atom, Of these groups, the alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, alkoxy group, cycloalkoxy group, alkylthio group, cycloalkylthio group, aryl group and monovalent heterocyclic group each may have a substituent.
- An organic semiconductor composition comprising the polymer compound according to any one of [1] to [9].
- An organic semiconductor device comprising a first electrode, a second electrode, and an organic semiconductor layer, wherein the organic semiconductor layer contains the polymer compound according to any one of [1] to [9].
- the organic semiconductor element according to [13] which is any one of an organic transistor, a photoelectric conversion element, an organic electroluminescence element, an organic field effect transistor sensor, and an organic conductivity modulation sensor.
- the polymer compound of the present invention is a polymer compound containing a structural unit represented by the formula (1) (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “first structural unit”).
- the first structural unit may be contained alone or in combination of two or more in the polymer compound.
- the polymer compound of the present invention is preferably a conjugated polymer compound.
- ring A and ring B each independently represent a heterocycle, and the heterocycle may have a substituent.
- the heterocyclic ring represented by ring A and ring B is not only a carbon atom but also oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus, boron, silicon, etc., as the elements constituting the ring, among organic compounds having a cyclic structure.
- the number of carbon atoms in the heterocyclic ring is preferably 2 to 30, more preferably 2 to 14, and further preferably 3 to 8. Note that the number of carbon atoms does not include the number of carbon atoms of the substituent that the heterocyclic ring may have as described below.
- the heterocycle is preferably an aromatic heterocycle.
- Examples include a furan ring, a thiophene ring, a selenophene ring, a pyrrole ring, an oxazole ring, a thiazole ring, an imidazole ring, a pyridine ring, a benzofuran ring, a benzothiophene ring, a thienothiophene ring, and a 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole ring.
- heterocyclic ring may have include, for example, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an alkylthio group, a cycloalkylthio group, an aryl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group, a halogen atom, Examples include silyl group, amino group, alkenyl group, cycloalkenyl group, alkynyl group, hydroxyl group, nitro group, cyano group, carboxyl group, alkylcarbonyl group, cycloalkylcarbonyl group, alkoxycarbonyl group and cycloalkoxycarbonyl group.
- the alkyl group which is a substituent that the heterocyclic ring represented by ring A and ring B may have may be either a linear alkyl group or a branched alkyl group.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group is usually 1 to 30 (usually 3 to 30 for a branched alkyl group), and preferably 1 to 20 (3 to 20 for a branched alkyl group). Note that the number of carbon atoms does not include the number of carbon atoms of the substituent that the alkyl group may have as described below.
- alkyl group examples include linear alkyl groups such as methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, n-butyl group, n-hexyl group, n-octyl group, n-dodecyl group, and n-hexadecyl group, isopropyl Groups, branched alkyl groups such as isobutyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group, 2-ethylhexyl group, 3,7-dimethyloctyl group.
- the alkyl group may have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an aryl group, and a halogen atom.
- substituents include an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an aryl group, and a halogen atom.
- alkyl group having a substituent include a methoxyethyl group, a benzyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, and a perfluorohexyl group.
- the number of carbon atoms of the cycloalkyl group that is a substituent that the heterocyclic ring represented by ring A and ring B may have is usually 3 to 30, and preferably 3 to 20.
- the number of carbon atoms does not include the number of carbon atoms of the substituent that the cycloalkyl group may have as described below.
- Examples of the cycloalkyl group include a cyclopentyl group and a cyclohexyl group.
- the cycloalkyl group may have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an aryl group, and a halogen atom.
- the alkoxy group which is a substituent that the heterocyclic ring represented by ring A and ring B may have may be either a straight-chain alkoxy group or a branched alkoxy group.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkoxy group is usually 1 to 30 (usually 3 to 30 for a branched alkoxy group), and preferably 1 to 20 (3 to 20 for a branched alkoxy group).
- the number of carbon atoms described above does not include the number of carbon atoms of the substituent that the alkoxy group described below may have.
- alkoxy group examples include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, an n-propyloxy group, an n-butyloxy group, an n-hexyloxy group, an n-octyloxy group, an n-dodecyloxy group, and an n-hexadecyloxy group.
- Examples thereof include branched alkoxy groups such as linear alkoxy groups, isopropyloxy groups, isobutyloxy groups, sec-butyloxy groups, tert-butyloxy groups, 2-ethylhexyloxy groups, and 3,7-dimethyloctyloxy groups.
- the alkoxy group may have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an aryl group, and a halogen atom.
- the number of carbon atoms of the cycloalkoxy group which is a substituent that the heterocyclic ring represented by ring A and ring B may have, is usually 3 to 30, and preferably 3 to 20.
- the number of carbon atoms does not include the number of carbon atoms of the substituent that the cycloalkoxy group described below may have.
- Examples of the cycloalkoxy group include a cyclopentyloxy group and a cyclohexyloxy group.
- the cycloalkoxy group may have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an aryl group, and a halogen atom.
- the alkylthio group which is a substituent that the heterocyclic ring represented by ring A and ring B may have may be either a linear alkylthio group or a branched alkylthio group.
- the alkylthio group has usually 1 to 30 carbon atoms (usually 3 to 30 for branched alkylthio groups) and preferably 1 to 20 (3 to 20 for branched alkylthio groups).
- the number of carbon atoms does not include the number of carbon atoms of the substituent that the alkylthio group may have as described below.
- alkylthio group examples include a straight chain alkylthio group such as methylthio group, ethylthio group, n-propylthio group, n-butylthio group, n-hexylthio group, n-octylthio group, n-dodecylthio group, n-hexadecylthio group, isopropyl
- alkylthio group may have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an aryl group, and a halogen atom.
- the number of carbon atoms of the cycloalkylthio group which is a substituent that the heterocyclic ring represented by ring A and ring B may have, is usually from 3 to 30, and preferably from 3 to 20.
- the number of carbon atoms does not include the number of carbon atoms of the substituent that the cycloalkylthio group described below may have.
- Examples of the cycloalkylthio group include a cyclopentylthio group and a cyclohexylthio group.
- the cycloalkylthio group may have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an aryl group, and a halogen atom.
- the aryl group which is a substituent that the heterocyclic ring represented by ring A and ring B may have, is a residue obtained by removing one hydrogen atom directly bonded to the carbon atom constituting the ring from the aromatic hydrocarbon And a group in which two or more selected from the group consisting of a group having a condensed ring, an independent benzene ring and a condensed ring are directly bonded.
- the aryl group usually has 6 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 6 to 20 carbon atoms. Note that the number of carbon atoms does not include the number of carbon atoms of the substituent that the aryl group may have as described below.
- Examples of the aryl group include a phenyl group, 1-naphthyl group, 2-naphthyl group, 1-anthracenyl group, 2-anthracenyl group, 9-anthracenyl group, 1-pyrenyl group, 2-pyrenyl group, 4-pyrenyl group, Examples include 2-fluorenyl group, 3-fluorenyl group, 4-fluorenyl group, and 4-phenylphenyl group.
- the aryl group may have a substituent.
- substituents examples include an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an alkylthio group, a cycloalkylthio group, a monovalent heterocyclic group, and a halogen atom. Is mentioned.
- aryl group having a substituent examples include a 4-hexadecylphenyl group, a 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl group, and a pentafluorophenyl group. When the aryl group has a substituent, the substituent is preferably an alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group.
- the monovalent heterocyclic group which is a substituent that the heterocyclic ring represented by ring A and ring B may have is a hydrogen directly bonded to a carbon atom or a hetero atom constituting the ring from the heterocyclic compound. It is the remaining atomic group excluding one atom, and includes a group in which two or more selected from the group consisting of a group having a condensed ring, an independent heterocyclic ring and a condensed ring are directly bonded.
- the number of carbon atoms contained in the monovalent heterocyclic group is usually 2 to 30, and preferably 3 to 20. The number of carbon atoms does not include the number of carbon atoms of the substituent that the monovalent heterocyclic group described below may have.
- Examples of the monovalent heterocyclic group include a 2-furyl group, a 3-furyl group, a 2-thienyl group, a 3-thienyl group, a 2-pyrrolyl group, a 3-pyrrolyl group, a 2-oxazolyl group, and a 2-thiazolyl group.
- the monovalent heterocyclic group may have a substituent.
- substituents examples include an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an alkylthio group, a cycloalkylthio group, an aryl group, and a halogen atom. Is mentioned.
- Examples of the monovalent heterocyclic group having a substituent include a 5-octyl-2-thienyl group and a 5-phenyl-2-furyl group. When the monovalent heterocyclic group has a substituent, the substituent is preferably an alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group.
- halogen atom that is a substituent that the heterocyclic ring represented by ring A and ring B may have include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom.
- the silyl group which is a substituent that the heterocyclic ring represented by ring A and ring B may have, may have a substituent.
- substituent that the silyl group may have include an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, and an aryl group.
- silyl group having a substituent include a trimethylsilyl group, a triethylsilyl group, a triisopropylsilyl group, a tert-butyldimethylsilyl group, a tert-butyldiphenylsilyl group, and a triphenylsilyl group.
- the number of carbon atoms of the silyl group is usually 0 to 90, preferably 3 to 90.
- the amino group which is a substituent that the heterocyclic ring represented by ring A and ring B may have, may have a substituent.
- substituent that the amino group may have include an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, and an aryl group.
- amino group having a substituent include a dimethylamino group, a diethylamino group, a diisopropylamino group, and a diphenylamino group.
- the number of carbon atoms of the amino group is usually 0 to 90, preferably 2 to 90.
- the alkenyl group which is a substituent that the heterocyclic ring represented by ring A and ring B may have, may be either a linear alkenyl group or a branched alkenyl group.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkenyl group is usually 2 to 30 (usually 3 to 30 for a branched alkenyl group), and preferably 2 to 20 (3 to 20 for a branched alkenyl group).
- the number of carbon atoms does not include the number of carbon atoms of the substituent that the alkenyl group may have as described below.
- alkenyl group examples include a vinyl group, a 1-propenyl group, a 2-propenyl group, a 1-hexenyl group, a 1-dodecenyl group, and a 1-hexadecenyl group.
- the alkenyl group may have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include an aryl group, a halogen atom, and a silyl group.
- the number of carbon atoms of the cycloalkenyl group which is a substituent that the heterocyclic ring represented by ring A and ring B may have is usually 3 to 30, and preferably 3 to 20.
- the number of carbon atoms does not include the number of carbon atoms of the substituent that the cycloalkenyl group described below may have.
- Examples of the cycloalkenyl group include a 1-cyclohexenyl group.
- the cycloalkenyl group may have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include an aryl group, a halogen atom, and a silyl group.
- the alkynyl group which is a substituent that the heterocyclic ring represented by ring A and ring B may have, may be either a linear alkynyl group or a branched alkynyl group.
- the alkynyl group has usually 2 to 30 carbon atoms (usually 4 to 30 for branched alkynyl groups) and preferably 2 to 20 (4 to 20 for branched alkynyl groups).
- the number of carbon atoms does not include the number of carbon atoms of the substituent that the alkynyl group may have as described below.
- alkynyl group examples include ethynyl group, 1-propynyl group, 1-hexynyl group, 1-dodecynyl group and 1-hexadecynyl group.
- the alkynyl group may have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include an aryl group, a halogen atom, and a silyl group.
- alkylcarbonyl group that is a substituent that the heterocyclic ring represented by ring A and ring B may have include a group in which the above alkyl group and carbonyl group are bonded.
- alkylcarbonyl group include linear alkylcarbonyl groups such as an acetyl group, an n-propanoyl group, an n-butyl group, an n-hexanoyl group, an n-octanoyl group, an n-dodecanoyl group, and an n-hexadecanoyl group, Examples thereof include branched alkylcarbonyl groups such as isobutanoyl group, sec-butanoyl group, tert-butanoyl group and 2-ethylhexanoyl group.
- Examples of the cycloalkylcarbonyl group that is a substituent that the heterocyclic ring represented by ring A and ring B may have include a group in which the above cycloalkyl group and carbonyl group are bonded.
- Examples of the cycloalkylcarbonyl group include a cyclopentylcarbonyl group and a cyclohexylcarbonyl group.
- alkoxycarbonyl group that is a substituent that the heterocyclic ring represented by ring A and ring B may have include a group in which the above alkoxy group and carbonyl group are bonded.
- alkoxycarbonyl group include methoxycarbonyl group, ethoxycarbonyl group, n-propyloxycarbonyl group, n-butoxycarbonyl group, n-hexyloxycarbonyl group, n-octyloxycarbonyl group, n-dodecyloxycarbonyl group, Branched alkoxycarbonyl such as linear alkoxycarbonyl group such as n-hexadecyloxycarbonyl group, isopropyloxycarbonyl group, isobutyloxycarbonyl group, sec-butyloxycarbonyl group, tert-butyloxycarbonyl group, 2-ethylhexyloxycarbonyl group Groups.
- Examples of the cycloalkoxycarbonyl group that is a substituent that the heterocyclic ring represented by ring A and ring B may have include a group in which the above cycloalkoxy group and a carbonyl group are bonded.
- Examples of the cycloalkoxycarbonyl group include a cyclopentyloxycarbonyl group and a cyclohexyloxycarbonyl group.
- ring A and ring B are preferably the same heterocycle.
- the heterocyclic ring represented by ring A and ring B does not have a substituent, or when it has a substituent, the substituent is preferably an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group or a cycloalkoxy group. More preferably an alkyl group or an alkoxy group.
- ring A and ring B are composed of 5-membered and / or 6-membered aromatic heterocycles. Is preferable, and it is more preferably composed of only a 5-membered aromatic heterocycle, and more preferably a monocyclic 5-membered aromatic heterocycle.
- ring C represents a condensed aromatic heterocycle having no line symmetry axis and no rotation axis, and the aromatic heterocycle may have a substituent.
- the condensed aromatic heterocycle having no line symmetry axis and no rotation axis means that the ring structure composed only of atoms forming the ring does not have the line symmetry axis and the rotation axis.
- the condensed aromatic heterocycle having no axis of symmetry and no rotation axis usually has 6 to 20 carbon atoms.
- Examples thereof include benzofuran ring, benzothiophene ring, benzoselenophene ring, benzo Aromatic carbonization such as pyrrole ring, naphthofuran ring, naphthothiophene ring, naphthoselenophene ring, anthrafuran ring, anthrathiophene ring, anthraselenophene ring, tetrasenothiophene ring, tetrasenofuran ring, indenothiophene ring, quinoline ring
- a condensed ring in which an aromatic heterocycle is condensed to an aromatic heterocycle such as a thienofuran ring, a thienoselenophene ring, or a selenofuran ring.
- Examples of the substituent that the aromatic heterocyclic ring represented by ring C may have include an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an alkylthio group, a cycloalkylthio group, an aryl group, and a monovalent complex.
- the definition and specific examples of the group, halogen atom, silyl group, amino group, alkenyl group, cycloalkenyl group, alkynyl group, alkylcarbonyl group, cycloalkylcarbonyl group, alkoxycarbonyl group or cycloalkoxycarbonyl group are ring A and ring B.
- the aromatic heterocyclic ring represented by ring C does not have a substituent, or when it has a substituent, the substituent is preferably an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group or a cycloalkoxy group, An alkyl group or an alkoxy group is more preferable.
- Z 1 and Z 2 are each independently a group represented by the formula (Z-1), a group represented by the formula (Z-2), or a formula (Z-3).
- a group represented by formula (Z-4), a group represented by formula (Z-5), a group represented by formula (Z-6), or a group represented by formula (Z-7) Represents a group.
- Z 1 and Z 2 preferably represent the same group.
- Z 1 and Z 2 are represented by the formula (Z-1), the formula (Z-2) or the formula (Z-3). Is preferably a group represented by the formula (Z-1) or the formula (Z-2), more preferably a group represented by the formula (Z-1). Is more preferable.
- R represents an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an alkylthio group, a cycloalkylthio group, an aryl group, or a monovalent heterocyclic group, These groups may have a substituent. When a plurality of R are present, they may be the same or different.
- the definitions and specific examples of the alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, alkoxy group, cycloalkoxy group, alkylthio group, cycloalkylthio group, aryl group and monovalent heterocyclic group represented by R are represented by ring A and ring B.
- alkyl group a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkylthio group, an alkylthio group, a cycloalkylthio group, an aryl group, and a monovalent heterocyclic group, which are substituents that the heterocyclic ring may have It is the same.
- R is preferably an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or an aryl group, more preferably an alkyl group, because the carrier mobility of an organic transistor produced using the polymer compound of the present invention is more excellent. More preferably, it is a linear alkyl group.
- the structural unit represented by the formula (1) is preferably a structural unit represented by the formula (2).
- ring A, ring B, Z 1 and Z 2 represent the same meaning as described above, and X 3 represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a selenium atom.
- ring D is composed of an aromatic hydrocarbon ring selected from the group consisting of a benzene ring and a condensed ring in which 2 to 4 benzene rings are condensed (that is, 1 to 4 benzene rings).
- the aromatic hydrocarbon ring selected from the group consisting of a benzene ring and a condensed ring in which 2 to 4 benzene rings are condensed has 6 to 18 carbon atoms.
- Examples thereof include a benzene ring; a naphthalene ring, Examples thereof include condensed rings in which 2 to 4 benzene rings are condensed such as anthracene ring, phenanthrene ring, chrysene ring, pyrene ring.
- Examples of the substituent that the aromatic hydrocarbon ring represented by ring D may have include a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an alkylthio group, a cycloalkylthio group, an aryl group, Monovalent heterocyclic group, halogen atom, silyl group, amino group, alkenyl group, cycloalkenyl group, alkynyl group, hydroxyl group, nitro group, cyano group, carboxyl group, alkylcarbonyl group, cycloalkylcarbonyl group, alkoxycarbonyl group Or a cycloalkoxycarbonyl group is mentioned.
- Definitions and specific examples of the ring group, halogen atom, silyl group, amino group, alkenyl group, cycloalkenyl group, alkynyl group, alkylcarbonyl group, cycloalkylcarbonyl group, alkoxycarbonyl group or cycloalkoxycarbonyl group include ring A and ring
- An alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an alkylthio group, a cycloalkylthio group, an aryl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group, a halogen, which are substituents that the heterocyclic ring represented by B may have Atom, silyl group, amino group, alkenyl group, cycloalkenyl group, alkini Group, an alkylcarbonyl group, the same as the definition and specific examples of the cycloalkylcarbonyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group or a
- the aromatic hydrocarbon ring represented by ring D does not have a substituent, or when it has a substituent, the substituent is preferably an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group or a cycloalkoxy group. More preferably an alkyl group or an alkoxy group.
- X 3 is preferably a sulfur atom or an oxygen atom, more preferably a sulfur atom, because the carrier mobility of an organic transistor produced using the polymer compound of the present invention is more excellent.
- the structural unit represented by the formula (2) is preferably a structural unit represented by the formula (2-1).
- X 3 , Z 1 and Z 2 represent the same meaning as described above.
- X 1 and X 2 each independently represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a selenium atom.
- Y 1 represents a nitrogen atom or a group represented by —CR 5 ⁇
- Y 2 represents a nitrogen atom or a group represented by —CR 6 ⁇ .
- R 5 and R 6 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an alkylthio group, a cycloalkylthio group, an aryl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group or a halogen atom.
- alkyl groups, cycloalkyl groups, alkoxy groups, cycloalkylthio groups, alkylthio groups, cycloalkylthio groups, aryl groups, monovalent heterocyclic groups, halogen atoms represented by R 5 and R 6 are ring
- the definition and specific examples of the group and the halogen atom are the same.
- X 1 and X 2 are preferably a sulfur atom or an oxygen atom, more preferably a sulfur atom, because the carrier mobility of an organic transistor produced using the polymer compound of the present invention is more excellent.
- Y 1 and Y 2 are preferably —CR 5 ⁇ and —CR 6 ⁇ , and more preferably —CH ⁇ .
- the structural unit represented by the formula (2) is preferably a structural unit represented by the formula (3).
- R 1 and R 2 are each independently a hydrogen atom, alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, alkoxy group, cycloalkoxy group, alkylthio group, cycloalkylthio group, aryl group, monovalent heterocyclic group, halogen atom, silyl group Represents an amino group, an alkenyl group, a cycloalkenyl group, an alkynyl group, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, a cyano group, a carboxyl group, an alkylcarbonyl group, a cycloalkylcarbonyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group or a cycloalkoxycarbonyl group.
- alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, alkoxy group, cycloalkoxy group, alkylthio group, cycloalkylthio group, aryl group, monovalent heterocyclic group, silyl group, amino group, alkenyl group, cycloalkenyl group, alkynyl group, alkylcarbonyl Group, cyclo Le Kill carbonyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group and cycloalkoxy group may have a substituent.
- the definition and specific examples of the group, cycloalkenyl group, alkynyl group, alkylcarbonyl group, cycloalkylcarbonyl group, alkoxycarbonyl group or cycloalkoxycarbonyl group may have the heterocyclic ring represented by ring A and ring B.
- R 1 and R 2 may be a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group or a cycloalkoxy group. Preferably, it is an alkyl group or an alkoxy group.
- the structural unit represented by the formula (3) is preferably a structural unit represented by the formula (4).
- X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , Z 1 , Z 2 , R 1 and R 2 represent the same meaning as described above.
- Y 1 represents a nitrogen atom or a group represented by —CR 5 ⁇
- Y 2 represents a nitrogen atom or a group represented by —CR 6 ⁇ .
- R 5 and R 6 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an alkylthio group, a cycloalkylthio group, an aryl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group or a halogen atom.
- alkyl groups, cycloalkyl groups, alkoxy groups, cycloalkoxy groups, alkylthio groups, cycloalkylthio groups, aryl groups, monovalent heterocyclic groups, halogen atoms represented by R 5 and R 6 are ring
- the definition and specific examples of the group and the halogen atom are the same.
- Examples of the structural unit represented by the formula (1) include structural units represented by the formulas (1-1) to (1-35). Since the organic transistor produced using the polymer compound of the present invention has better carrier mobility, the structural unit represented by formula (1) is represented by formula (1-1) to formula (1-23).
- the structural unit is preferably a structural unit represented by formula (1-1) to formula (1-13), and more preferably represented by formula (1-1) to formula (1-8). More preferably, it is a structural unit represented.
- the polymer compound of the present invention is different from the structural unit represented by the formula (5) (however, the structural unit represented by the formula (1)). ) (Hereinafter sometimes referred to as “second structural unit”).
- the second structural unit may be contained alone or in combination of two or more in the polymer compound.
- the molar ratio of the second structural unit is preferably 20 to 80 mol% with respect to the total amount of the first structural unit and the second structural unit. 40 to 60 mol% is more preferable.
- Ar represents an arylene group or a divalent heterocyclic group, and these groups may have a substituent.
- the polymer compound of the present invention includes the second structural unit, it is preferable that the structural unit represented by the formula (1) and the structural unit represented by the formula (5) are conjugated.
- the arylene group is an atomic group obtained by removing two hydrogen atoms directly bonded to carbon atoms constituting a ring from an aromatic hydrocarbon, and a group consisting of a group having a condensed ring, an independent benzene ring, and a condensed ring And a group in which two or more selected from the group consisting of an independent benzene ring and a condensed ring are bonded via vinylene or the like.
- the number of carbon atoms that the arylene group has is usually 6 to 60, preferably 6 to 20.
- the number of carbon atoms does not include the number of carbon atoms of the substituent that the arylene group may have as described below.
- the arylene group may have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an alkylthio group, a cycloalkylthio group, a monovalent heterocyclic group, and a halogen atom. Is mentioned.
- substituents are alkyl groups, cycloalkyl groups, alkoxy groups, cycloalkoxy groups, alkylthio groups, which are substituents that the heterocyclic ring represented by ring A and ring B may have,
- the definition and specific examples of the cycloalkylthio group, monovalent heterocyclic group and halogen atom are the same.
- arylene group examples include arylene groups represented by the following formulas 1 to 12.
- R ′′ represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an alkylthio group, a cycloalkylthio group, an aryl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group or a halogen atom.
- a plurality of R ′′ may be the same or different.
- alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, alkoxy group, cycloalkoxy group, alkylthio group, cycloalkylthio group, aryl group, monovalent heterocyclic group and halogen atom represented by R ′′ are ring A and An alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an alkylthio group, a cycloalkylthio group, an aryl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group, which is a substituent that the heterocyclic ring represented by ring B may have,
- the definition and specific examples of the halogen atom are the same.
- the divalent heterocyclic group is a remaining atomic group obtained by removing two hydrogen atoms directly bonded to a carbon atom or a hetero atom constituting a ring from a heterocyclic compound, a group having a condensed ring, an independent hetero group It includes a group in which two or more selected from the group consisting of a ring and a condensed ring are directly bonded.
- the number of carbon atoms contained in the divalent heterocyclic group is usually 2 to 30, and preferably 3 to 20. The number of carbon atoms does not include the number of carbon atoms of the substituent that the divalent heterocyclic group described below may have.
- the divalent heterocyclic group is preferably a divalent aromatic heterocyclic group.
- the divalent heterocyclic group may have a substituent.
- substituents include an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an alkylthio group, a cycloalkylthio group, an aryl group, and a halogen atom. Is mentioned.
- the definitions and specific examples of these substituents are alkyl groups, cycloalkyl groups, alkoxy groups, cycloalkoxy groups, alkylthio groups, which are substituents that the heterocyclic ring represented by ring A and ring B may have,
- the definition and specific examples of the cycloalkylthio group, aryl group and halogen atom are the same.
- divalent heterocyclic group examples include divalent heterocyclic groups represented by the following formulas 13 to 66.
- R ′′ represents the same meaning as described above.
- a and b each independently represent the number of repetitions, and are usually an integer of 0 to 5, preferably an integer of 0 to 3, more preferably an integer of 0 to 1.
- the second structural unit is preferably a divalent heterocyclic group, represented by formula 49 to formula 53, formula 59 to formula 59 A divalent heterocyclic group selected from 62 and formulas 64 to 66 is more preferable, and a divalent heterocyclic group represented by formula 51 and / or formula 64 is more preferable.
- the polymer compound of the present invention may contain a structural unit other than the first structural unit and the second structural unit (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “other structural unit”). Other structural units may be contained alone or in combination of two or more in the polymer compound.
- Examples of other structural units include a group represented by —CR c ⁇ CR d —, a group represented by —C ⁇ C—, a group represented by the formula —CR g 2 —, and a group represented by the formula —C ( ⁇ O) —. And a group represented by the formula —C ( ⁇ O) O—.
- R c , R d and R g are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a monovalent aromatic heterocyclic group,
- a halogen atom or a cyano group is represented, and among these groups, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, and a monovalent aromatic heterocyclic group each may have a substituent.
- R c , R d, and R g may have include an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an alkylthio group, a cycloalkylthio group, an aryl group, and a monovalent aromatic complex.
- a cyclic group, a halogen atom, etc. are mentioned, Among these, an alkyl group is preferable.
- the polymer compound of the present invention is preferably a conjugated polymer compound because better carrier mobility can be obtained.
- At least one first structural unit may be contained in the polymer compound, but three or more in the polymer compound. It is preferably contained, more preferably 5 or more in the polymer compound.
- the total molar ratio of the first structural unit and the second structural unit is 50 mol with respect to all structural units constituting the polymer compound. % Or more is preferable, and 70 mol% or more is more preferable. The upper limit of the total molar ratio of the first structural unit and the second structural unit with respect to all structural units constituting the polymer compound is 100 mol%.
- the molecular chain terminal is preferably a stable group such as an aryl group or a monovalent aromatic heterocyclic group.
- the number average molecular weight (Mn) in terms of polystyrene measured by gel permeation chromatography (hereinafter referred to as “GPC”) of the polymer compound of the present invention is usually 1 ⁇ 10 3 to 1 ⁇ 10 8
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) in terms of polystyrene is usually 1 ⁇ 10 3 to 2 ⁇ 10 8 .
- the number average molecular weight is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 3 or more, and the weight average molecular weight is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 3 or more.
- the number average molecular weight is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 6 or less, and the weight average molecular weight is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 6 or less.
- the polymer compound of the present invention has high solubility in a solvent (preferably an organic solvent). Specifically, the polymer compound of the present invention is 0.1% by weight (hereinafter referred to as “ It may be referred to as “wt%”.) It is preferable that the solution has a solubility capable of preparing a solution containing at least 0.4 wt%, and more preferably a solubility capable of preparing a solution containing 0.4 wt% or more.
- the polymer compound of the present invention may be a homopolymer or a copolymer.
- the polymer compound of the present invention may be any type of copolymer, for example, any of a block copolymer, a random copolymer, an alternating copolymer, and a graft copolymer. Since the organic transistor produced using the polymerized compound of the present invention is more excellent in carrier mobility, the polymer compound of the present invention is represented by the structural unit represented by the formula (1) and the formula (5). It is preferably a copolymer with a structural unit, and more preferably an alternating copolymer of a structural unit represented by formula (1) and a structural unit represented by formula (5). When there are a plurality of structural units represented by formula (1) in the copolymer, they may be the same or different, and there are a plurality of structural units represented by formula (5) in the copolymer. In the case, they may be the same or different.
- alternating copolymer of the structural unit represented by the formula (1) and the structural unit represented by the formula (5) of the present invention include formulas (P-1) to (P-13).
- the high molecular compound represented by these is mentioned.
- m represents an integer of 2 or more.
- the polymer compounds represented by the formulas (P-1) to (P-9) are preferable because more excellent carrier mobility can be obtained, and the formulas (P-1) to (P-5) are preferable.
- ) And (P-8) are more preferred.
- the polymer compound of the present invention may be produced by any method, for example, a compound represented by the formula: X 11 -A 11 -X 12 and a formula: X 13 -A 12 -X 14
- the compound can be dissolved in an organic solvent as necessary, a base is added as necessary, and the compound can be synthesized by a known polymerization method such as aryl coupling using an appropriate catalyst.
- a 11 represents a structural unit represented by the formula (1)
- a 12 represents a structural unit represented by the formula (5).
- X 11 , X 12 , X 13 and X 14 each independently represent a polymerization reactive group.
- the polymerization reactive group examples include a halogen atom, a boric acid ester residue, a boric acid residue, and an organotin residue substituted with three alkyl groups.
- the boric acid residue means a group represented by —B (OH) 2 .
- halogen atom that is a polymerization reactive group
- examples of the halogen atom that is a polymerization reactive group include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom.
- the boric acid ester residue which is a polymerizable functional group means an atomic group obtained by removing a hydrogen atom bonded to boron from an ester of boronic acid (HB (OH) 2 ).
- the number of carbon atoms of the boric acid ester residue is usually 2 to 40.
- Examples of the boric acid ester residue include a group represented by the following formula.
- organotin residues substituted with three alkyl groups that are polymerization reactive groups include organotin residues substituted with three methyl groups and three butyl groups.
- Examples of the polymerization method such as aryl coupling include, for example, a method of polymerizing by a Suzuki coupling reaction (Chemical Review, 1995, Vol. 95, 2457-2483), a method of polymerizing by a Stille coupling reaction (European Polymer). Journal, 2005, Vol. 41, 2923-2933).
- the polymerization reactive group is preferably a halogen atom, a boric acid ester residue, or a boric acid residue.
- a bromine atom, an iodine atom or a borate residue is preferred.
- the polymer compound of the present invention is polymerized by the Suzuki coupling reaction, the total number of moles of bromine atom and iodine atom which are the above-mentioned polymerization reactive groups and the boric acid ester residue which is the above-mentioned polymerization reactive group.
- the ratio with respect to the total number of moles is preferably 0.7 to 1.3, more preferably 0.8 to 1.2.
- the polymerization reactive group is preferably a halogen atom or an organic tin residue substituted with three alkyl groups, because the polymerization reaction is simplified. , A bromine atom, an iodine atom, or an organotin residue substituted with three alkyl groups.
- the polymer compound of the present invention is polymerized by Stille coupling reaction, the total number of moles of bromine atom and iodine atom which are the above-mentioned polymerization reactive groups and three alkyl groups which are the above-mentioned polymerization reactive groups are substituted.
- the ratio with respect to the total number of moles of the organotin residue is preferably 0.7 to 1.3, and more preferably 0.8 to 1.2.
- organic solvent used for polymerization examples include benzene, toluene, xylene, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, tetrahydrofuran, and dioxane. These organic solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Examples of the base used for polymerization include inorganic bases such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, potassium fluoride, cesium fluoride, tripotassium phosphate, tetrabutylammonium fluoride, tetrabutylammonium chloride, tetrabromide.
- Organic bases such as butylammonium, tetraethylammonium hydroxide, and tetrabutylammonium hydroxide are listed.
- the catalyst used for the polymerization examples include transition metal complexes such as tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium, tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium, palladium acetate, dichlorobistriphenylphosphinepalladium, and other transition metal complexes, and if necessary, A catalyst comprising a ligand such as phenylphosphine, tri-tert-butylphosphine, or tricyclohexylphosphine is preferred. As these catalysts, those synthesized in advance may be used, or those prepared in the reaction system may be used as they are. Moreover, these catalysts may be used individually by 1 type, or may use 2 or more types together.
- transition metal complexes such as tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium, tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium, palladium acetate, dichlorobistriphenylpho
- the reaction temperature of the polymerization is preferably 0 to 200 ° C, more preferably 0 to 150 ° C, and further preferably 0 to 120 ° C.
- the polymerization reaction time is usually 1 hour or longer, preferably 2 to 500 hours.
- Post-treatment of the polymerization can be performed by a known method, and examples thereof include a method in which the reaction solution obtained by the above polymerization is added to a lower alcohol such as methanol and the resulting precipitate is filtered and dried.
- a lower alcohol such as methanol
- the purity of the polymer compound of the present invention is low, it is preferable to purify by a method such as recrystallization, continuous extraction with a Soxhlet extractor, column chromatography or the like.
- the compound of this invention is a compound represented by Formula (6), and can be conveniently used in the manufacturing method of said polymer compound as a raw material of the polymer compound of this invention.
- R 1 , R 2 , X 3 , Z 1 , Z 2 , ring A and ring B have the same meaning as described above.
- Ring A and ring B may have a substituent other than R 7 and R 8 , respectively, and the substituent is the same as the substituent which ring A and ring B described above may have. is there.
- R 7 and R 8 are each independently a hydrogen atom, alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, alkoxy group, cycloalkoxy group, alkylthio group, cycloalkylthio group, aryl group, monovalent heterocyclic group Halogen atom, silyl group, amino group, alkenyl group, cycloalkenyl group, alkynyl group, hydroxyl group, nitro group, cyano group, carboxyl group, alkylcarbonyl group, cycloalkylcarbonyl group, alkoxycarbonyl group, cycloalkoxycarbonyl group, Represents a boric acid ester residue, boric acid residue or organotin residue, and among these groups, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an alkylthio group, a cycloalkylthio group, an aryl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group
- Cycloalkyl group, alkoxy group, cycloalkoxy group, alkylthio group, cycloalkylthio group, aryl group, monovalent heterocyclic group, halogen atom, silyl group, amino group, alkenyl group, cycloalkenyl group, alkynyl group, alkylcarbonyl Group, cycloalkylcarbonyl Are the same as the definition and specific examples of the alkoxycarbonyl group and cycloalkoxy group.
- boric acid ester residues definitions and specific examples of boric acid ester residues, boric acid residues or organotin residues are defined and specific examples of boric acid ester residues, boric acid residues or organic tin residues which are the above-mentioned polymerization reactive groups. Similar to the example.
- R 7 and R 8 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a silyl group (an optionally substituted silyl group), a hydroxyl group, or a carboxyl group.
- a halogen atom an optionally substituted silyl group
- a hydroxyl group or a carboxyl group.
- Boric acid ester residues, boric acid residues or organotin residues are preferred.
- R 7 and R 8 are each independently a halogen atom, an optionally substituted silyl group, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a boric acid ester residue, a boric acid residue
- a compound wherein the other is a hydrogen atom and (iii) a compound wherein both R 7 and R 8 are hydrogen atoms.
- the compound represented by the formula (6) is preferably a compound represented by the formula (7).
- R 1 , R 2 , R 7 , R 8 , X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , Y 1 , Y 2 , Z 1 and Z 2 represent the same meaning as described above.
- Examples of the compound of the present invention include compounds represented by the following formulas (6-1) to (6-20).
- the organic transistor produced using the polymer compound has better carrier mobility, and therefore is represented by the formula (6).
- the compound is preferably a compound represented by formula (6-1) to formula (6-10), and more preferably a compound represented by formula (6-1) to formula (6-8).
- the compound represented by the formula (6) may be produced by any method. For example, as described below, bromination reaction, Suzuki coupling reaction, Wolff-Kishner reduction reaction, Buchwald-Hartwig amination It can be produced by a reaction or oxidative cyclization reaction.
- Z 1 is a group represented by the formula (Z-5), for example, A first step of reacting a compound represented by the formula (S1), a compound represented by the formula (S2), and a compound represented by the formula (S3) by a Suzuki coupling reaction;
- the compound represented by the formula (S4) obtained in the first step can be produced by the second step of intramolecular cyclization.
- the compound obtained in this case is a compound represented by the formula (S5).
- the compound represented by the formula (S5) is reacted with a halogenating agent such as (I) N-bromosuccinimide, (II) by a coupling reaction using a palladium catalyst or the like, or (III
- a halogenating agent such as (I) N-bromosuccinimide, (II) by a coupling reaction using a palladium catalyst or the like, or (III
- the compound represented by the formula (6) can be produced by reacting with alkyllithium to lithiate, and further reacting with tributylbutyltin chloride or the like.
- ring A, ring B and ring C have the same meaning as described above.
- M 1 and M 2 each independently represents a boric acid ester residue or a boric acid residue (a group represented by —B (OH) 2 ).
- Hal represents an iodine atom, a bromine atom or a chlorine atom.
- Hal of formula (S2) and Hal of formula (S3) may be the same or different.
- Z 1 is a group represented by the formula (Z-1), for example, A first step of reacting the compound represented by the above formula (S5) by a Wolff-Kishner reduction reaction; The compound represented by the formula (S6) obtained in the first step, a base such as sodium alkoxide, and the second step in which an alkyl halide is reacted can be produced.
- the compound obtained in this case is a compound represented by the formula (S7).
- the compound represented by the formula (S7) is reacted with a halogenating agent such as (I) N-bromosuccinimide, (II) by a coupling reaction using a palladium catalyst or the like, or (III
- a halogenating agent such as (I) N-bromosuccinimide, (II) by a coupling reaction using a palladium catalyst or the like, or (III
- the compound represented by the formula (6) can be produced by reacting with alkyllithium to lithiate, and further reacting with tributylbutyltin chloride or the like.
- Z 1 and Z 2 are a group represented by the formula (Z-1)
- a first step of reacting a compound represented by formula (S1), a compound represented by formula (S8), and a compound represented by formula (S9) by a Suzuki coupling reaction A second step in which the compound represented by the formula (S10) obtained in the first step is reacted with butyllithium to lithiate, and further reacted with a ketone;
- the compound represented by the formula (S11) obtained in the second step can be produced by a third step in which an acid such as trifluoroboric acid or sulfuric acid is reacted and cyclized.
- the compound obtained in this case is a compound represented by the formula (S7).
- the compound represented by the formula (S7) is reacted with a halogenating agent such as (I) N-bromosuccinimide, (II) by a coupling reaction using a palladium catalyst or the like, or (III
- a halogenating agent such as (I) N-bromosuccinimide, (II) by a coupling reaction using a palladium catalyst or the like, or (III
- the compound represented by the formula (6) can be produced by reacting with alkyllithium to lithiate, and further reacting with tributylbutyltin chloride or the like.
- R, M 1 , M 2 , ring A, ring B, ring C and Hal represent the same meaning as described above.
- a plurality of Hal present in the formula (S8) may be the same or different, and a plurality of Hal present in the formula (S9) may be the same or different.
- the Hal in the formula (S8) and the formula (S9) Hal may be the same or different.
- Z 1 is a group represented by the formula (Z-2) or the formula (Z-3), for example,
- a first step of reacting the compound represented by the formula (S10) with a halogenating agent such as N-bromosuccinimide By reacting the compound represented by the formula (S12) obtained in the first step with butyllithium to lithiate, and further reacting with the compound represented by the formula: R 2 ECl 2 , etc. Can be manufactured.
- the compound obtained in this case is a compound represented by the formula (S13).
- the compound represented by the formula (S13) is reacted with a halogenating agent such as (I) N-bromosuccinimide, (II) by a coupling reaction using a palladium catalyst or the like, or (III
- a halogenating agent such as (I) N-bromosuccinimide, (II) by a coupling reaction using a palladium catalyst or the like, or (III
- the compound represented by the formula (6) can be produced by reacting with alkyllithium to lithiate, and further reacting with tributylbutyltin chloride or the like.
- R, ring A, ring B, ring C and Hal represent the same meaning as described above.
- E represents a silicon atom or a germanium atom.
- a plurality of Hal present in formula (S10) may be the same or different, and a plurality of Hal present in (S12) may be the same or different.
- Z 1 is a group represented by the formula (Z-4), for example, It can be produced by reacting the compound represented by the above formula (S12) with the compound represented by the formula (S14) by Buchwald-Hartwig amination reaction.
- the compound obtained in this case is a compound represented by the formula (S15).
- the compound represented by the formula (S15) is reacted with a halogenating agent such as (I) N-bromosuccinimide, (II) by a coupling reaction using a palladium catalyst or the like, or (III
- the compound represented by the formula (6) can be produced by reacting with alkyllithium to lithiate, and further reacting with tributylbutyltin chloride or the like.
- R, ring A, ring B, ring C and Hal represent the same meaning as described above.
- a plurality of Hal present in the formula (S12) may be the same or different.
- Z 1 is a group represented by the formula (Z-1)
- the compound represented by the formula (S21) obtained in the first step can be produced by the second step of intramolecular cyclization.
- the compound obtained in this case is a compound represented by the formula (S7).
- the compound represented by the formula (S7) is reacted with a halogenating agent such as (I) N-bromosuccinimide, (II) by a coupling reaction using a palladium catalyst or the like, or (III
- a halogenating agent such as (I) N-bromosuccinimide, (II) by a coupling reaction using a palladium catalyst or the like, or (III
- the compound represented by the formula (6) can be produced by reacting with alkyllithium to lithiate, and further reacting with tributylbutyltin chloride or the like.
- R, ring A, ring B, ring C and Hal represent the same meaning as described above.
- M 3 and M 4 each independently represent a boric acid ester residue or a boric acid residue (a group represented by —B (OH) 2 ).
- R p represents an alkyl group, a silyl group, or an acetyl group.
- a plurality of Hal present in the formula (S24) may be the same or different.
- R p of R p and formula (S20) of (S19) may be the same or different.
- the organic semiconductor composition of the present invention may contain one kind of the polymer compound of the present invention alone, or may contain two or more kinds.
- the organic semiconductor composition of the present embodiment may further contain a compound having a carrier transport property or a polymer compound.
- the organic semiconductor composition of the present embodiment contains components other than the polymer compound of the present invention, the polymer compound of the present invention is preferably contained by 30% by weight or more, more preferably 50% by weight or more, More preferably, it contains 70% by weight or more.
- the organic semiconductor composition of the present invention can be suitably used as an organic semiconductor layer of an organic semiconductor element.
- Compounds having carrier transport properties include arylamine derivatives, stilbene derivatives, oligothiophene and derivatives thereof, low molecular compounds such as oxadiazole derivatives, fullerenes and derivatives thereof, polyvinylcarbazole and derivatives thereof, polyaniline and derivatives thereof, polythiophene And derivatives thereof, polypyrrole and derivatives thereof, polyphenylene vinylene and derivatives thereof, polythienylene vinylene and derivatives thereof, polyfluorene and derivatives thereof, and the like.
- the organic semiconductor composition may contain a polymer compound different from the polymer compound of the present invention as a polymer binder in order to improve the characteristics.
- a polymer binder those that do not excessively lower the carrier transportability are preferable.
- polymer binders examples include poly (N-vinylcarbazole), polyaniline and derivatives thereof, polythiophene and derivatives thereof, poly (p-phenylene vinylene) and derivatives thereof, poly (2,5-thienylene vinylene) and derivatives thereof , Polycarbonate, polyacrylate, polymethyl acrylate, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, and polysiloxane.
- the organic semiconductor element of the present invention is an organic semiconductor element that includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and an organic semiconductor layer, and the organic semiconductor layer contains the polymer compound of the present invention.
- the organic semiconductor element of the present invention may further include an electrode in addition to the first electrode and the second electrode.
- One embodiment of the organic semiconductor element of the present invention includes a first electrode and a second electrode, an organic semiconductor layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, and the organic semiconductor layer And an organic semiconductor element containing the polymer compound of the present invention.
- the polymer compound of the present invention has high carrier mobility, when an organic semiconductor layer containing the polymer compound of the present invention is used for an organic semiconductor element, electrons or holes injected from the electrode, or light absorption The charge generated by can be transported.
- the polymer compound of the present invention is a variety of organic semiconductor elements such as photoelectric conversion elements, organic transistors, organic electroluminescence elements, organic field effect transistor (OFET) sensors, and organic conductivity modulation sensors. Can be suitably used. Hereinafter, these elements will be described individually.
- the photoelectric conversion element containing the polymer compound of the present invention has one or more active layers containing the polymer compound of the present invention between a pair of electrodes, at least one of which is transparent or translucent.
- a preferable form of the photoelectric conversion element containing the polymer compound of the present invention is formed from a composition of a pair of electrodes, at least one of which is transparent or translucent, and a p-type organic semiconductor and an n-type organic semiconductor.
- the polymer compound of the present invention is preferably used as a p-type organic semiconductor. The operation mechanism of the photoelectric conversion element of this embodiment will be described.
- an electron-accepting compound such as a fullerene derivative and / or an electron-donating compound (p-type organic semiconductor) such as the compound of the present invention.
- an electron-accepting compound such as a fullerene derivative and / or an electron-donating compound (p-type organic semiconductor) such as the compound of the present invention.
- n-type organic semiconductor such as a fullerene derivative and / or an electron-donating compound (p-type organic semiconductor) such as the compound of the present invention.
- p-type organic semiconductor such as the compound of the present invention.
- the photoelectric conversion element produced using the polymer compound of the present invention is usually formed on a substrate.
- the substrate may be any substrate that does not chemically change when the electrodes are formed and the organic layer is formed.
- Examples of the material for the substrate include glass, plastic, polymer film, and silicon.
- the opposite electrode that is, the electrode far from the substrate
- the first active layer containing the polymer compound of the present invention is interposed between a pair of electrodes, at least one of which is transparent or translucent, and the first A photoelectric conversion element including a second active layer containing an electron accepting compound such as a fullerene derivative adjacent to the active layer.
- the above transparent or translucent electrode material includes a conductive metal oxide film, a translucent metal thin film, and the like.
- conductive materials composed of indium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, and indium tin oxide (hereinafter referred to as “ITO”), indium, zinc oxide, and the like, which are composites thereof.
- ITO indium tin oxide
- a film prepared using, NESA, gold, platinum, silver, copper, or the like is used, and ITO, indium / zinc / oxide, and tin oxide are preferable.
- Examples of the method for producing the electrode include a vacuum deposition method, a sputtering method, an ion plating method, a plating method, and the like.
- One electrode may not be transparent, and as the electrode material of the electrode, a metal, a conductive polymer, or the like can be used.
- the electrode material include metals such as lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, aluminum, scandium, vanadium, zinc, yttrium, indium, cerium, samarium, europium, terbium, ytterbium, etc.
- one or more alloys selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, platinum, copper, manganese, titanium, cobalt, nickel, tungsten, and tin.
- Examples include alloys with metals, graphite, graphite intercalation compounds, polyaniline and derivatives thereof, and polythiophene and derivatives thereof.
- Examples of the alloy include magnesium-silver alloy, magnesium-indium alloy, magnesium-aluminum alloy, indium-silver alloy, lithium-aluminum alloy, lithium-magnesium alloy, lithium-indium alloy, and calcium-aluminum alloy.
- An additional intermediate layer other than the active layer may be used as a means for improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency.
- the material used for the intermediate layer include alkali metals such as lithium fluoride, halides of alkaline earth metals, oxides such as titanium oxide, and PEDOT (poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene).
- the active layer may contain the polymer compound of the present invention alone or in combination of two or more.
- a compound other than the polymer compound of the present invention can be mixed and used as the electron donating compound and / or the electron accepting compound in the active layer.
- the electron donating compound and the electron accepting compound are relatively determined from the energy levels of these compounds.
- Examples of the electron-donating compound include, in addition to the polymer compound of the present invention, for example, pyrazoline derivatives, arylamine derivatives, stilbene derivatives, triphenyldiamine derivatives, oligothiophene and derivatives thereof, polyvinylcarbazole and derivatives thereof, polysilane and derivatives thereof. And polysiloxane derivatives having an aromatic amine residue in the side chain or main chain, polyaniline and derivatives thereof, polythiophene and derivatives thereof, polypyrrole and derivatives thereof, polyphenylene vinylene and derivatives thereof, and polythienylene vinylene and derivatives thereof.
- the electron accepting compound include, in addition to the polymer compound of the present invention, carbon materials, metal oxides such as titanium oxide, oxadiazole derivatives, anthraquinodimethane and derivatives thereof, benzoquinone and derivatives thereof, naphthoquinone and Derivatives thereof, anthraquinones and derivatives thereof, tetracyanoanthraquinodimethane and derivatives thereof, fluorenone derivatives, diphenyldicyanoethylene and derivatives thereof, diphenoquinone derivatives, metal complexes of 8-hydroxyquinoline and derivatives thereof, polyquinolines and derivatives thereof, polyquinoxalines and Derivatives thereof, polyfluorene and derivatives thereof, phenanthrene derivatives such as 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (basocproin), fullerene, fuller Include emissions derivatives, preferably, titanium oxide, carbon nanotubes, fullerene, a fulleren
- fullerene and fullerene derivatives include C 60 , C 70 , C 76 , C 78 , C 84 and derivatives thereof. Specific examples of the fullerene derivative include the following.
- fullerene derivatives include [6,6] phenyl-C61 butyric acid methyl ester (C60PCBM, [6,6] -Phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester), [6,6] phenyl-C70 butyric acid methyl ester (C70PCBM). [6,6] -Phenyl C70 butyric acid methyl ester), [6,6] Phenyl-C84 butyric acid methyl ester (C84PCBM, [6,6] -Phenyl C84 butyric acid methyl ester), [6,6] And C60 butyric acid methyl ester ([6,6] -Thienyl C60 butyric acid methyl ester).
- the ratio of the fullerene derivative is preferably 10 to 1000 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polymer compound of the present invention. More preferably, it is 500 parts by weight.
- the thickness of the active layer is usually preferably 1 nm to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably 2 nm to 1000 nm, still more preferably 5 nm to 500 nm, more preferably 20 nm to 200 nm.
- the method for producing the active layer may be produced by any method, and examples thereof include film formation from a solution containing the polymer compound of the present invention and film formation by vacuum deposition.
- a preferred method for producing a photoelectric conversion element is a method for producing a photoelectric conversion element having a first electrode and a second electrode, and having an active layer between the first electrode and the second electrode. Then, a step of forming an active layer by applying a solution (ink) containing the polymer compound of the present invention and a solvent on the first electrode by a coating method, and forming a second electrode on the active layer It is the manufacturing method of the element which has a process.
- the solvent used for film formation from a solution may be any solvent that dissolves the polymer compound of the present invention.
- the solvent include unsaturated hydrocarbon solvents such as toluene, xylene, mesitylene, tetralin, decalin, bicyclohexyl, n-butylbenzene, sec-butylbenzene, tert-butylbenzene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, dichloromethane, Halogenated saturated hydrocarbon solvents such as dichloroethane, chlorobutane, bromobutane, chloropentane, bromopentane, chlorohexane, bromohexane, chlorocyclohexane and bromocyclohexane, halogenated unsaturated hydrocarbon solvents such as chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene and trichlorobenzene, tetrahydrofuran And ether solvents such as tetra
- slit coating method, knife coating method, spin coating method, casting method, micro gravure coating method, gravure coating method, bar coating method, roll coating method, wire bar coating method, dip coating method, Coating methods such as spray coating, screen printing, gravure printing, flexographic printing, offset printing, ink jet printing, dispenser printing, nozzle coating, capillary coating, etc. can be used, slit coating, capillary A coating method, a gravure coating method, a micro gravure coating method, a bar coating method, a knife coating method, a nozzle coating method, an ink jet printing method, and a spin coating method are preferable.
- the surface tension of the solvent at 25 ° C. is preferably larger than 15 mN / m, more preferably larger than 15 mN / m and smaller than 100 mN / m, larger than 25 mN / m and larger than 60 mN / m. It is more preferable that the value is small.
- Organic thin film solar cell The photoelectric conversion element using the polymer compound of the present invention is operated as an organic thin film solar cell by generating photovoltaic power between the electrodes by irradiating light such as sunlight from a transparent or translucent electrode. Can do. It can also be used as an organic thin film solar cell module by integrating a plurality of organic thin film solar cells.
- the device can be operated as an organic photosensor. It can also be used as an organic image sensor by integrating a plurality of organic photosensors.
- Organic thin-film solar cells can have basically the same module structure as conventional solar cell modules.
- the solar cell module generally has a structure in which cells are formed on a support substrate such as metal or ceramic, and the cell is covered with a filling resin or protective glass, and light is taken in from the opposite side of the support substrate. It is also possible to use a transparent material such as tempered glass for the support substrate, configure a cell thereon, and take in light from the transparent support substrate side.
- a module structure called a super straight type, a substrate type, and a potting type, a substrate integrated module structure used in an amorphous silicon solar cell, and the like are known.
- the organic thin film solar cell produced using the polymer compound of the present invention can also be appropriately selected from these module structures depending on the purpose of use, the place of use and the environment.
- a typical super straight type or substrate type module cells are placed at regular intervals between support substrates that are transparent on one or both sides and treated with antireflection, and adjacent cells are connected by metal leads or flexible wiring.
- the current collector electrode is connected to the outer edge portion, and the generated power is taken out to the outside.
- plastic materials such as ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) may be used between the substrate and the cell in the form of a film or a filling resin depending on the purpose in order to protect the cell and improve the current collection efficiency.
- EVA ethylene vinyl acetate
- the surface protection layer is made of a transparent plastic film, or the protective function is achieved by curing the filling resin. It is possible to eliminate the supporting substrate on one side.
- the periphery of the support substrate is fixed in a sandwich shape with a metal frame in order to ensure internal sealing and module rigidity, and a sealing material is hermetically sealed between the support substrate and the frame. Further, if a flexible material is used for the cell itself, the support substrate, the filling material, and the sealing material, a solar cell can be formed on the curved surface.
- a solar cell using a flexible support such as a polymer film
- cells are sequentially formed while feeding out a roll-shaped support, cut to a desired size, and then the periphery is sealed with a flexible and moisture-proof material.
- the battery body can be produced.
- a module structure called “SCAF” described in Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 48, p383-391 can also be used.
- a solar cell using a flexible support can be used by being bonded and fixed to a curved glass or the like.
- the polymer compound of the present invention can also be used in an organic electroluminescence element (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “organic EL element”).
- organic EL element has a light emitting layer between a pair of electrodes, at least one of which is transparent or translucent.
- the organic EL element may include a hole transport layer and an electron transport layer in addition to the light emitting layer.
- the polymer compound of the present invention is contained in any one of the light emitting layer, the hole transport layer, and the electron transport layer.
- the light emitting layer may contain a charge transport material (which means a generic term for an electron transport material and a hole transport material).
- an organic EL element an element having an anode, a light emitting layer, and a cathode, and further having an electron transport layer containing an electron transport material adjacent to the light emitting layer between the cathode and the light emitting layer
- an element having an anode, a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, an electron transport layer, and a cathode.
- Organic transistor has a source electrode and a drain electrode, a current path between these electrodes, an active layer containing the polymer compound of the present invention, and a gate electrode that controls the amount of current passing through the current path The thing which has is mentioned.
- Examples of the organic transistor having such a configuration include an organic field effect transistor and an organic electrostatic induction transistor.
- An organic field effect transistor usually has a source electrode and a drain electrode, a current path between these electrodes, an active layer containing the polymer compound of the present invention, and a gate electrode that controls the amount of current passing through the current path.
- the organic transistor having an active layer and an insulating layer disposed between the gate electrode.
- an organic transistor in which a source electrode and a drain electrode are provided in contact with an active layer and a gate electrode is provided with an insulating layer in contact with the active layer interposed therebetween is preferable.
- the organic electrostatic induction transistor usually has a source electrode and a drain electrode, a current path between these electrodes, an active layer containing the polymer compound of the present invention, and a gate electrode that controls the amount of current passing through the current path And the gate electrode is provided in the active layer.
- a source electrode, a drain electrode, and the gate electrode are provided in contact with the active layer is preferable.
- the gate electrode may be a structure that can form a current path flowing from the source electrode to the drain electrode and that can control the amount of current flowing through the current path with a voltage applied to the gate electrode, and is, for example, a comb electrode.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a TGBC element structure, which is an organic transistor (organic field effect transistor) of the present invention.
- An organic transistor 100 shown in FIG. 1 includes a substrate 1, a source electrode 5 and a drain electrode 6 formed on the substrate 1 with a predetermined interval, and a source electrode 5 and a drain electrode 6 so as to cover the substrate 1. Formed on the insulating layer 3 so as to cover the active layer 2 formed on the insulating layer 3, the insulating layer 3 formed on the active layer 2, and the insulating layer 3 on the region between the source electrode 5 and the drain electrode 6.
- the gate electrode 4 is provided.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another example of the organic transistor (organic field effect transistor) of the present invention.
- An organic transistor 110 shown in FIG. 2 includes a substrate 1, a source electrode 5 formed on the substrate 1, an active layer 2 formed on the substrate 1 so as to cover the source electrode 5, a source electrode 5, and a predetermined electrode A drain electrode 6 formed on the active layer 2 with an interval, an insulating layer 3 formed on the active layer 2 and the drain electrode 6, and an insulating layer on a region between the source electrode 5 and the drain electrode 6 And a gate electrode 4 formed on the insulating layer 3 so as to cover 3.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a BGBC element structure, which is an organic transistor (organic field effect transistor) of the present invention.
- the organic transistor 120 shown in FIG. 3 includes a substrate 1, a gate electrode 4 formed on the substrate 1, an insulating layer 3 formed on the substrate 1 so as to cover the gate electrode 4, and the gate electrode 4 at the bottom.
- an active layer 2 formed on the insulating layer 3 so as to cover the surface.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another example of the organic transistor (organic field effect transistor) of the present invention.
- An organic transistor 130 shown in FIG. 4 includes a substrate 1, a gate electrode 4 formed on the substrate 1, an insulating layer 3 formed on the substrate 1 so as to cover the gate electrode 4, and the gate electrode 4 at the bottom.
- a layer 2 and a drain electrode 6 formed on the insulating layer 3 at a predetermined interval so as to cover a part of the active layer 2 are provided.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another example of the organic transistor (organic electrostatic induction transistor) of the present invention.
- the organic transistor 140 shown in FIG. 5 includes a substrate 1, a source electrode 5 formed on the substrate 1, an active layer 2 formed on the source electrode 5, and a plurality of active transistors 2 with a predetermined interval on the active layer 2.
- a drain electrode 6 formed on the active layer 2a.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another example of the organic transistor (organic field effect transistor) of the present invention.
- An organic transistor 150 shown in FIG. 6 includes a substrate 1, an active layer 2 formed on the substrate 1, a source electrode 5 and a drain electrode 6 formed on the active layer 2 with a predetermined interval, and a source electrode. 5 and a part of the drain electrode 6 so as to cover part of the drain electrode 6, the insulating layer 3 formed on the active layer 2, the region of the insulating layer 3 where the source electrode 5 is formed below, and the drain electrode 6 are formed below.
- a gate electrode 4 formed on the insulating layer 3 so as to partially cover each region of the insulating layer 3.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another example of the organic transistor (organic field effect transistor) of the present invention.
- the organic transistor 160 shown in FIG. 7 includes a substrate 1, a gate electrode 4 formed on the substrate 1, an insulating layer 3 formed on the substrate 1 so as to cover the gate electrode 4, and the gate electrode 4 at the bottom.
- An active layer 2 formed so as to cover the region of the insulating layer 3 formed on the active layer 2, a source electrode 5 formed on the active layer 2 so as to cover a part of the active layer 2, and one of the active layers 2
- a source electrode 5 and a drain electrode 6 formed on the active layer 2 with a predetermined interval are provided so as to cover the portion.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another example of the organic transistor (organic field effect transistor) of the present invention.
- An organic transistor 170 shown in FIG. 8 has a gate electrode 4, an insulating layer 3 formed on the gate electrode 4, an active layer 2 formed on the insulating layer 3, and a predetermined interval on the active layer 2.
- the gate electrode 4 also serves as the substrate 1.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another example of the BGBC element structure, which is an organic transistor (organic field effect transistor) of the present invention.
- the organic transistor 180 shown in FIG. 9 includes a gate electrode 4, an insulating layer 3 formed on the gate electrode 4, a source electrode 5 and a drain electrode 6 formed on the insulating layer 3 with a predetermined interval,
- the active layer 2 is formed on the insulating layer 3 so as to cover a part of the source electrode 5 and the drain electrode 6.
- the active layer 2 and / or the active layer 2a is constituted by a film containing the polymer compound of the present invention, and a current path (channel) between the source electrode 5 and the drain electrode 6 is formed. )
- the gate electrode 4 controls the amount of current passing through the current path (channel) by applying a voltage.
- Such an organic field effect transistor can be manufactured by a known method, for example, a method described in JP-A-5-110069.
- the electrostatic induction organic transistor can be manufactured by a known method such as the method described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-006476.
- the material of the substrate 1 may be any material that does not hinder the characteristics of the organic transistor.
- a glass substrate, a flexible film substrate, or a plastic substrate can be used as the substrate.
- the material of the insulating layer 3 may be any material having high electrical insulation, and SiO x , SiN x , Ta 2 O 5 , polyimide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl phenol, organic glass, photoresist, and the like can be used. From the viewpoint of lowering the voltage, it is preferable to use a material having a high dielectric constant.
- the surface of the insulating layer 3 is treated with a surface treatment agent such as a silane coupling agent in order to improve the interface characteristics between the insulating layer 3 and the active layer 2. It is also possible to form the active layer 2 after the modification.
- silane coupling agents include alkylchlorosilanes (octyltrichlorosilane (OTS), octadecyltrichlorosilane (ODTS), phenylethyltrichlorosilane, etc.), alkylalkoxysilanes, fluorinated alkylchlorosilanes, and fluorinated alkylalkoxysilanes.
- silylamine compounds such as hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS).
- the surface of the insulating layer may be subjected to ozone UV treatment or O 2 plasma treatment before treatment with the surface treatment agent.
- the surface energy of the silicon oxide film used as the insulating layer can be controlled. Further, the surface treatment improves the orientation of the film constituting the active layer on the insulating layer, and higher carrier mobility can be obtained.
- the gate electrode 4 includes metals such as gold, platinum, silver, copper, chromium, palladium, aluminum, indium, molybdenum, low-resistance polysilicon, low-resistance amorphous silicon, tin oxide, indium oxide, indium / tin oxide.
- a material such as (ITO) can be used. These materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a highly doped silicon substrate can be used as the gate electrode 4.
- a highly doped silicon substrate has not only the performance as a gate electrode but also the performance as a substrate. When the gate electrode 4 having such a performance as a substrate is used, the substrate 1 may be omitted in the organic transistor in which the substrate 1 and the gate electrode 4 are in contact with each other.
- the source electrode 5 and the drain electrode 6 are preferably made of a low resistance material, and particularly preferably made of gold, platinum, silver, copper, chromium, palladium, aluminum, indium, molybdenum or the like. These materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a layer made of another compound may be interposed between the source electrode 5 and the drain electrode 6 and the active layer 2.
- layers include low molecular compounds having electron transport properties, low molecular compounds having hole transport properties, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, rare earth metals, complexes of these metals with organic compounds, iodine, bromine, Halogens such as chlorine and iodine chloride, sulfur oxide compounds such as sulfuric acid, sulfuric anhydride, sulfur dioxide and sulfate, nitric oxide compounds such as nitric acid, nitrogen dioxide and nitrate, halogenated compounds such as perchloric acid and hypochlorous acid, Examples thereof include layers made of aromatic thiol compounds such as alkyl thiol compounds, aromatic thiols, and fluorinated alkyl aromatic thiols.
- the organic transistor after manufacturing the organic transistor as described above, it is preferable to form a protective film on the organic transistor in order to protect the element. Thereby, an organic transistor is interrupted
- Examples of the method for forming the protective film include a method of covering the organic transistor with a UV curable resin, a thermosetting resin, an inorganic SiON x film, or the like.
- a protective film after the organic transistor is manufactured without exposing the organic transistor to the atmosphere (for example, in a dry nitrogen atmosphere or in a vacuum).
- An organic field effect transistor which is a kind of organic transistor configured as described above, can be applied as a pixel drive switching element of an active matrix drive type liquid crystal display or an organic electroluminescence display.
- the organic field effect transistor of this embodiment mentioned above contains the high molecular compound of this invention as an active layer, and is equipped with the active layer excellent in carrier mobility by that, Therefore The carrier mobility is It will be expensive. Therefore, it is useful for manufacturing a display having a sufficient response speed.
- the organic thin film transistor of the present invention can be suitably used for organic electroluminescence elements, electronic tags, and liquid crystal display elements.
- the composition or polymer compound of the present invention can also be used for the production of OFET sensors.
- the OFET sensor of the present invention uses an organic field effect transistor as a signal conversion element that outputs an input signal to an electric signal, and has a sensitive function in the structure of any of a metal, an insulating film, and an organic semiconductor layer. Or a selectivity function is added.
- Examples of the OFET sensor of the present invention include a biosensor, a gas sensor, an ion sensor, and a humidity sensor.
- the biosensor includes a substrate and an organic thin film transistor provided on the substrate.
- the organic thin film transistor includes an organic semiconductor layer, a source region and a drain region provided in contact with the organic semiconductor, a channel region in the organic semiconductor layer provided between the source region and the drain region, and an electric field in the channel region. And a gate insulating film provided between the channel region and the gate electrode.
- the organic thin film transistor has a probe (sensitive region) that specifically interacts with the target substance in the channel region and / or the gate insulating film, and the characteristics of the probe change when the concentration of the target substance changes. Therefore, it functions as a biosensor.
- Examples of a method for detecting a target substance in a test sample include biosensors in which biomolecules such as nucleic acids and proteins, or artificially synthesized functional groups are immobilized on the surface of a solid support as probes.
- This method uses specific affinity of biomolecules such as complementary nucleic acid chain interaction, antigen-antibody reaction interaction, enzyme-substrate reaction interaction, receptor-ligand interaction, and so on.
- the substance is captured on the surface of the solid support. Therefore, a substance having specific affinity for the target substance is selected as a probe.
- the probe is fixed on the surface of the solid phase carrier by a method corresponding to the type of probe and the type of solid phase carrier.
- the probe can be synthesized on the surface of the solid phase carrier (for example, a method of synthesizing the probe by nucleic acid extension reaction).
- the probe-target substance complex is formed on the surface of the solid phase carrier by bringing the surface of the solid phase carrier on which the probe is immobilized into contact with the test sample and culturing under an appropriate condition.
- the channel region of the organic thin film transistor and / or the gate insulating film itself may function as a probe.
- the gas sensor includes a substrate and an organic thin film transistor provided on the substrate.
- An organic thin film transistor includes an organic semiconductor layer, a source region and a drain region provided in contact with the organic semiconductor, a channel region in the semiconductor layer provided between the source region and the drain region, and an electric field applied to the channel region. It has an applicable gate electrode, and a gate insulating film provided between the channel region and the gate electrode.
- the channel region and / or the gate insulating film functions as a gas sensitive part.
- the detection gas is adsorbed and desorbed from the gas sensitive part, the gas sensitive part changes in characteristics (conductivity, dielectric constant, etc.), thereby functioning as a gas sensor.
- Examples of the gas to be detected include an electron accepting gas and an electron donating gas.
- Examples of the electron-accepting gas include halogen gases such as F 2 and Cl 2 ; nitrogen oxide gases; sulfur oxide gases; organic acid gases such as acetic acid.
- Examples of the electron donating gas include ammonia gas; amine gases such as aniline; carbon monoxide gas; hydrogen gas.
- the composition or polymer compound of the present invention can also be used for production of a pressure sensor.
- the pressure sensor of the present invention includes a substrate and an organic thin film transistor provided on the substrate.
- the organic thin film transistor includes an organic semiconductor layer, a source region and a drain region provided in contact with the organic semiconductor, a channel region in the organic semiconductor layer provided between the source region and the drain region, and an electric field in the channel region. And a gate insulating film provided between the channel region and the gate electrode.
- the channel region and / or the gate insulating film functions as a pressure sensitive part. When the pressure sensitive part senses pressure, a change in characteristics of the pressure sensitive part occurs to function as a pressure sensitive sensor.
- the gate insulating film functions as a pressure-sensitive portion
- the organic material is excellent in flexibility and stretchability with respect to the inorganic material. Therefore, the gate insulating film preferably contains an organic material.
- the organic thin film transistor may further include an alignment layer in order to further increase the crystallinity of the organic semiconductor contained in the channel region. Examples of the alignment layer include a monomolecular film formed on the gate insulating film using a silane coupling agent such as hexamethyldisilazane.
- composition or polymer compound of the present invention can also be used for production of a conductivity modulation type sensor.
- the conductivity modulation type sensor of the present invention uses a conductivity measuring element as a signal conversion element that outputs an input signal to an electric signal, and is a film containing the composition or polymer compound of the present invention, or the present invention.
- the membrane coating containing the composition of the invention or the polymer compound is provided with a sensitivity function or a selectivity function for the input of the sensor object.
- the conductivity modulation type sensor of the present invention detects an input of a sensor object as a change in conductivity of the composition or polymer compound of the present invention. Examples of the conductivity modulation type sensor of the present invention include a biosensor, a gas sensor, an ion sensor, and a humidity sensor.
- composition or polymer compound of the present invention is an organic electric field as an amplification circuit for amplifying output signals from various sensors such as biosensors, gas sensors, ion sensors, humidity sensors, and pressure sensors formed separately. It can also be used to manufacture an amplifier circuit including an effect transistor.
- composition or polymer compound of the present invention can also be used for the production of a sensor array including a plurality of various sensors such as a biosensor, a gas sensor, an ion sensor, a humidity sensor, and a pressure sensor.
- composition or polymer compound of the present invention includes a plurality of various sensors such as biosensors, gas sensors, ion sensors, humidity sensors, and pressure sensors formed separately, and amplifies output signals from each sensor individually.
- sensors such as biosensors, gas sensors, ion sensors, humidity sensors, and pressure sensors formed separately, and amplifies output signals from each sensor individually.
- an amplifier circuit for this purpose, it can also be used for manufacturing a sensor array with an amplifier circuit including an organic field effect transistor.
- NMR analysis The NMR measurement was performed by dissolving the compound in deuterated chloroform and using an NMR apparatus (Varian, INOVA300).
- the number average molecular weight and the weight average molecular weight of the polymer compound were determined using gel permeation chromatography (GPC, manufactured by Waters, trade name: Alliance GPC 2000).
- GPC gel permeation chromatography
- the polymer compound to be measured was dissolved in orthodichlorobenzene and injected into GPC.
- Orthodichlorobenzene was used for the mobile phase of GPC.
- the column used was TSKgel GMHHR-H (S) HT (two linked, manufactured by Tosoh Corporation).
- a UV detector was used as the detector.
- the reaction vessel was filled with a nitrogen gas atmosphere, and then Compound 1 (32 g, 0.20 mol) and dehydrated diethyl ether (470 mL) were added to obtain a uniform solution. While maintaining the obtained solution at ⁇ 68 ° C., a 1.60 M n-butyllithium hexane solution (135 mL, 0.22 mol) was added dropwise over 30 minutes. Thereafter, the mixture was stirred at ⁇ 68 ° C. for 2 hours. Thereafter, 18-pentriacontanone (69.7 g, 0.14 mol) was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred at -78 ° C for 10 minutes, and then stirred at room temperature (25 ° C) for 5 hours.
- the reaction vessel was filled with a nitrogen gas atmosphere, and then compound 26 (7.61 g, 5.56 mmol) and dry methylene chloride (129 mL) were added. Thereafter, a 1M boron tribromide methylene chloride solution (22.2 mL, 22.2 mmol) was added thereto at 0 ° C., and the mixture was stirred at room temperature (25 ° C.) for 24 hours. Thereafter, water was added thereto, and the reaction product was extracted with chloroform. The obtained organic layer was washed with water, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and filtered. The obtained filtrate was concentrated with an evaporator, and then the solvent was distilled off. The obtained residue was purified using silica gel column chromatography using hexane as a moving bed, whereby 4.5 g of Compound 27 was obtained. The yield was 53%.
- the reaction vessel was filled with a nitrogen gas atmosphere, and then compound 27 (7.6 g, 5.56 mmol) and dry THF (130 mL) were added. Thereafter, N-bromosuccinimide (5.57 g, 22.2 mmol) was added thereto at room temperature, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. Thereafter, a saturated aqueous sodium thiosulfate solution (2 mL) and water (100 mL) were added thereto, and the mixture was stirred for 5 minutes at room temperature, and then the reaction product was extracted using hexane. The obtained organic layer was washed with water, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and filtered.
- the obtained filtrate was concentrated with an evaporator, and then the solvent was distilled off.
- the obtained residue was purified using silica gel column chromatography using hexane as a moving bed, and recrystallized using hexane to obtain 4.5 g of Compound 28. The yield was 53%.
- Example 4 (Production and Evaluation of Organic Transistor 1) Using a solution containing the polymer compound A, an organic transistor 1 having a BGBC element structure shown in FIG. 3 was produced.
- the surface of the heavily doped n-type silicon substrate serving as the gate electrode was thermally oxidized to form a silicon oxide film (hereinafter referred to as “thermal oxide film”).
- the thermal oxide film functions as an insulating layer.
- a source electrode and a drain electrode were formed on the thermal oxide film by a photolithography process.
- the source electrode and the drain electrode had a chromium (Cr) layer and a gold (Au) layer from the thermal oxide film side, and had a channel length of 20 ⁇ m and a channel width of 2 mm.
- the substrate on which the thermal oxide film, the source electrode, and the drain electrode thus obtained were ultrasonically cleaned with acetone, and UV ozone treatment was performed with an ozone UV cleaner. Thereafter, the surface of the thermal oxide film was modified with ⁇ -phenethyltrichlorosilane. Next, the surface-treated thermal oxide film, the source electrode, and the drain electrode are spin-coated with an orthodichlorobenzene solution of 0.5% by weight of polymer compound A at a rotational speed of 1000 rpm, and an organic semiconductor layer (active layer) ) Was formed. Then, the organic semiconductor layer 1 was manufactured by heating the organic semiconductor layer at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes.
- the transistor characteristics were measured by changing the gate voltage Vg and the source-drain voltage Vsd of the organic transistor 1 obtained.
- the on / off ratio was 10 6 and the carrier mobility was 0.15 cm 2 / Vs. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Comparative Example 2 (Production and evaluation of organic transistor 2) An organic transistor 2 was produced in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the polymer compound X1 was used in place of the polymer compound A in Example 4.
- the transistor characteristics were measured by changing the gate voltage Vg and the source-drain voltage Vsd of the organic transistor 2 obtained. On / off ratio was 10 5, the carrier mobility was 0.048. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 5 (Production and evaluation of organic transistor 3) An organic transistor 3 having a TGBC element structure shown in FIG. 1 was produced using a solution containing the polymer compound A.
- the glass substrate (substrate 1) was ultrasonically cleaned with acetone for 10 minutes and then irradiated with ozone UV for 20 minutes. Thereafter, the source electrode 5 and the drain electrode 6 were formed on the substrate 1 by vapor deposition.
- the source electrode 5 and the drain electrode 6 were gold, the channel length was 20 ⁇ m, and the channel width was 2 mm.
- the substrate surface was silane-treated by immersing the substrate in a toluene diluted solution of phenylethyltrichlorosilane for 2 minutes.
- the surface of the electrode formed on the substrate was modified by immersing the substrate in a dilute solution of pentafluorobenzenethiol in isopropyl alcohol for 2 minutes. Thereafter, a tetralin solution of 0.5% by weight of the polymer compound A is applied onto the surface-treated substrate by a spin coating method, and dried in an air atmosphere at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes on a hot plate.
- the organic semiconductor layer 2 was formed.
- the thickness of the organic semiconductor layer 2 was about 30 nm.
- an insulating film made of Teflon (registered trademark) is applied onto the organic semiconductor layer 2 by a spin coating method, and dried in an air atmosphere on a hot plate at 80 ° C. for 10 minutes. Formed.
- the thickness of the insulating layer 3 was about 500 nm.
- an aluminum film was formed on the insulating film 3 by vapor deposition to form the gate electrode 4.
- the transistor characteristics were measured by changing the gate voltage Vg and the source-drain voltage Vsd of the organic transistor 3 obtained.
- the on / off ratio was 10 6 and the carrier mobility was 0.99 cm 2 / Vs.
- the results are shown in Table 1.
- Comparative Example 3 (Production and Evaluation of Organic Transistor 4) An organic transistor 4 was produced in the same manner as in Example 5 except that the polymer compound X1 was used in place of the polymer compound A in Example 5.
- the transistor characteristics were measured by changing the gate voltage Vg and the source-drain voltage Vsd of the organic transistor 2 obtained.
- the on / off ratio was 10 6 and the carrier mobility was 0.85.
- the results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 6 (Production and Evaluation of Organic Transistor 5) An organic transistor 5 was produced in the same manner as in Example 5 except that the channel length of Example 5 was changed to 5 ⁇ m.
- the gate voltage Vg and source-drain voltage Vsd of the obtained organic transistor 5 were changed, and transistor characteristics were measured.
- the on / off ratio was 10 6 and the carrier mobility was 1.62.
- the results are shown in Table 1.
- Comparative Example 4 (Production and Evaluation of Organic Transistor 6) An organic transistor 5 was produced in the same manner as in Example 5 except that the channel length of Example 5 was changed to 5 ⁇ m.
- the gate voltage Vg and source-drain voltage Vsd of the obtained organic transistor 6 were changed, and transistor characteristics were measured. On / off ratio was 10 5, the carrier mobility was 0.45. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 8 (Production and Evaluation of Organic Transistor 7) An organic transistor 7 was produced in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the polymer compound B was used in place of the polymer compound A in Example 4.
- Example 9 (Production and Evaluation of Organic Transistor 8) Organic transistor 8 was produced in the same manner as in Example 5 except that polymer compound B was used in place of polymer compound A in Example 5.
- Example 10 (Production and Evaluation of Organic Transistor 9) An organic transistor 9 was produced in the same manner as in Example 6 except that the polymer compound B was used instead of the polymer compound A in Example 6.
- the gate voltage Vg and source-drain voltage Vsd of the obtained organic transistor 9 were changed, and transistor characteristics were measured.
- the on / off ratio was 10 6 and the carrier mobility was 2.50.
- the results are shown in Table 1.
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Abstract
Description
上記の高分子化合物は、有機トランジスタの活性層の構成材料として用いた場合に、BGBC素子構造ではキャリア移動度が十分ではなく、TGBC素子構造においてもより高いキャリア移動度が望まれていた。
環Aおよび環Bは、それぞれ独立に、複素環を表し、該複素環は置換基を有していてもよい。
環Cは、線対称軸及び回転軸を有していない縮合した芳香族複素環を表し、該芳香族複素環は置換基を有していてもよい。
Z1およびZ2は、それぞれ独立に、式(Z-1)で表される基、式(Z-2)で表される基、式(Z-3)で表される基、式(Z-4)で表される基、式(Z-5)で表される基、式(Z-6)で表される基、または式(Z-7)で表される基を表す。〕
Rは、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基または1価の複素環基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。Rが複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよい。〕
[2] 前記式(1)で表される構造単位が、式(2)で表される構造単位である、[1]に記載の高分子化合物。
環A、環B、Z1およびZ2は、前記と同じ意味を表す。
X3は、酸素原子、硫黄原子またはセレン原子を表す。
環Dは、ベンゼン環および2~4個のベンゼン環が縮合した縮合環からなる群から選ばれる芳香族炭化水素環を表し、該芳香族炭化水素環は置換基を有していてもよい。〕
[3] 前記式(2)で表される構造単位が、式(3)で表される構造単位である、[2]に記載の高分子化合物。
環A、環B、X3、Z1およびZ2は、前記と同じ意味を表す。
R1およびR2は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、1価の複素環基、ハロゲン原子、シリル基、アミノ基、アルケニル基、シクロアルケニル基、アルキニル基、ヒドロキシル基、ニトロ基、シアノ基、カルボキシル基、アルキルカルボニル基、シクロアルキルカルボニル基、アルコキシカルボニル基またはシクロアルコキシカルボニル基を表し、これらの基のうちアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、1価の複素環基、シリル基、アミノ基、アルケニル基、アルキニル基、アルキルカルボニル基、シクロアルキルカルボニル基、シクロアルコキシカルボニル基およびシクロアルコキシカルボニル基はそれぞれ置換基を有していてもよい。〕
[4] 前記式(3)で表される構造単位が、式(4)で表される構造単位である、[3]に記載の高分子化合物。
R1、R2、X3、Z1およびZ2は、前記と同じ意味を表す。
X1およびX2は、それぞれ独立に、酸素原子、硫黄原子またはセレン原子を表す。
Y1は、窒素原子または-CR5=で表される基を表し、Y2は、窒素原子または-CR6=で表される基を表す。R5およびR6は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、1価の複素環基またはハロゲン原子を表し、これらの基のうちアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基および1価の複素環基はそれぞれ置換基を有していてもよい。〕
[5] 前記X1、前記X2および前記X3が、いずれも硫黄原子である、[4]に記載の高分子化合物。
[6] 前記Y1および前記Y2が、-CH=で表される基である、[4]または[5]に記載の高分子化合物。
[7] 前記Z1および前記Z2が、前記式(Z-1)で表される基である、[1]~[6]のいずれか一項に記載の高分子化合物。
[8] 式(5)で表される構造単位をさらに含む、[1]~[7]のいずれか一項に記載の高分子化合物。
Arは、アリーレン基または2価の複素環基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。〕
[9] 前記式(1)で表される構造単位と、前記式(5)で表される構造単位との交互共重合体である、[8]記載の高分子化合物。
[10] 式(6)で表される化合物。
環Aおよび環Bは、それぞれ独立に、複素環を表し、該複素環はR7およびR8以外の置換基を有していてもよい。
X3は、酸素原子、硫黄原子またはセレン原子を表す。
Z1およびZ2は、それぞれ独立に、式(Z-1)で表される基、式(Z-2)で表される基、式(Z-3)で表される基、式(Z-4)で表される基、式(Z-5)で表される基、式(Z-6)で表される基、または式(Z-7)で表される基を表す。〕
R1およびR2は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、1価の複素環基、ハロゲン原子、シリル基、アミノ基、アルケニル基、シクロアルケニル基、アルキニル基、ヒドロキシル基、ニトロ基、シアノ基、カルボキシル基、アルキルカルボニル基、シクロアルキルカルボニル基、アルコキシカルボニル基またはシクロアルコキシカルボニル基を表し、これらの基のうちアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、1価の複素環基、シリル基、アミノ基、アルケニル基、シクロアルケニル基、アルキニル基、アルキルカルボニル基およびアルコキシカルボニル基はそれぞれ置換基を有していてもよい。R7およびR8は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、シリル基、ヒドロキシル基、カルボキシル基、ホウ酸エステル残基、ホウ酸残基または有機スズ残基を表し、これらの基のうちシリル基は置換基を有していてもよい。〕
Rは、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基または1価の複素環基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。Rが複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよい。〕
[11]
前記式(6)で表される化合物が、式(7)で表される化合物である、[10]に記載の化合物。
R1、R2、R7、R8、X3、Z1およびZ2は、前記と同じ意味を表す。
X1およびX2は、それぞれ独立に、酸素原子、硫黄原子またはセレン原子を表す。
Y1は、窒素原子または-CR5=で表される基を表し、Y2は、窒素原子または-CR6=で表される基を表す。R5およびR6は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、1価の複素環基またはハロゲン原子を表し、これらの基のうち、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基および1価の複素環基はそれぞれ置換基を有していてもよい。〕
[12]
[1]~[9]のいずれか一項に記載の高分子化合物を含有する、有機半導体組成物。
[13]
第1の電極と第2の電極と有機半導体層とを有し、該有機半導体層に [1]~[9]のいずれか一項に記載の高分子化合物を含有する、有機半導体素子。
[14]
有機トランジスタ、光電変換素子、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子、有機電界効果型トランジスタセンサおよび有機電導度変調型センサのいずれかである、[13]に記載の有機半導体素子。
[15]
有機トランジスタである、[14]に記載の有機半導体素子。
(第1構造単位)
本発明の高分子化合物は、式(1)で表される構造単位(以下、「第1構造単位」ということがある。)を含む高分子化合物である。第1構造単位は、高分子化合物中に一種のみ含まれていても二種以上含まれていてもよい。本発明の高分子化合物は、共役高分子化合物であることが好ましい。
複素環としては、芳香族複素環であることが好ましい。例えば、フラン環、チオフェン環、セレノフェン環、ピロール環、オキサゾール環、チアゾール環、イミダゾール環、ピリジン環、ベンゾフラン環、ベンゾチオフェン環、チエノチオフェン環、2,1,3-ベンゾチアジアゾール環が挙げられる。
複素環が有していてもよい置換基としては、例えば、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、1価の複素環基、ハロゲン原子、シリル基、アミノ基、アルケニル基、シクロアルケニル基、アルキニル基、ヒドロキシル基、ニトロ基、シアノ基、カルボキシル基、アルキルカルボニル基、シクロアルキルカルボニル基、アルコキシカルボニル基およびシクロアルコキシカルボニル基が挙げられる。
アルキル基としては、例えば、メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、n-ブチル基、n-ヘキシル基、n-オクチル基、n-ドデシル基、n-ヘキサデシル基等の直鎖アルキル基、イソプロピル基、イソブチル基、sec-ブチル基、tert-ブチル基、2-エチルヘキシル基、3,7-ジメチルオクチル基等の分岐アルキル基が挙げられる。
アルキル基は置換基を有していてもよく、置換基としては、例えば、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アリール基、ハロゲン原子が挙げられる。置換基を有しているアルキル基としては、例えば、メトキシエチル基、ベンジル基、トリフルオロメチル基、パーフルオロヘキシル基が挙げられる。
シクロアルキル基としては、例えば、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基が挙げられる。
シクロアルキル基は置換基を有していてもよく、置換基としては、例えば、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アリール基、ハロゲン原子が挙げられる。
アルコキシ基としては、例えば、メトキシ基、エトキシ基、n-プロピルオキシ基、n-ブチルオキシ基、n-ヘキシルオキシ基、n-オクチルオキシ基、n-ドデシルオキシ基、n-ヘキサデシルオキシ基等の直鎖アルコキシ基、イソプロピルオキシ基、イソブチルオキシ基、sec-ブチルオキシ基、tert-ブチルオキシ基、2-エチルヘキシルオキシ基、3,7-ジメチルオクチルオキシ基等の分岐アルコキシ基が挙げられる。
アルコキシ基は置換基を有していてもよく、置換基としては、例えば、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アリール基、ハロゲン原子が挙げられる。
シクロアルコキシ基としては、例えば、シクロペンチルオキシ基、シクロヘキシルオキシ基が挙げられる。
シクロアルコキシ基は置換基を有していてもよく、置換基としては、例えば、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アリール基、ハロゲン原子が挙げられる。
アルキルチオ基としては、例えば、メチルチオ基、エチルチオ基、n-プロピルチオ基、n-ブチルチオ基、n-ヘキシルチオ基、n-オクチルチオ基、n-ドデシルチオ基、n-ヘキサデシルチオ基等の直鎖アルキルチオ基、イソプロピルチオ基、イソブチルチオ基、sec-ブチルチオ基、tert-ブチルチオ基、2-エチルヘキシルチオ基、3,7-ジメチルオクチルチオ基等の分岐アルキルチオ基が挙げられる。
アルキルチオ基は置換基を有していてもよく、置換基としては、例えば、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アリール基、ハロゲン原子が挙げられる。
シクロアルキルチオ基としては、例えば、シクロペンチルチオ基、シクロヘキシルチオ基が挙げられる。
シクロアルキルチオ基は置換基を有していてもよく、置換基としては、例えば、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アリール基、ハロゲン原子が挙げられる。
アリール基としては、例えば、フェニル基、1-ナフチル基、2-ナフチル基、1-アントラセニル基、2-アントラセニル基、9-アントラセニル基、1-ピレニル基、2-ピレニル基、4-ピレニル基、2-フルオレニル基、3-フルオレニル基、4-フルオレニル基、4-フェニルフェニル基が挙げられる。
アリール基は置換基を有していてもよく、置換基としては、例えば、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、1価の複素環基、ハロゲン原子が挙げられる。置換基を有しているアリール基としては、例えば、4-ヘキサデシルフェニル基、3,5-ジメトキシフェニル基、ペンタフルオロフェニル基が挙げられる。アリール基が置換基を有する場合、置換基としてはアルキル基またはシクロアルキル基が好ましい。
1価の複素環基としては、例えば、2-フリル基、3-フリル基、2-チエニル基、3-チエニル基、2-ピロリル基、3-ピロリル基、2-オキサゾリル基、2-チアゾリル基、2-イミダゾリル基、2-ピリジル基、3-ピリジル基、4-ピリジル基、2-ベンゾフリル基、2-ベンゾチエニル基、2-チエノチエニル基、4-(2,1,3-ベンゾチアジアゾリル)基が挙げられる。
1価の複素環基は置換基を有していてもよく、置換基としては、例えば、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、ハロゲン原子が挙げられる。置換基を有している1価の複素環基としては、例えば、5-オクチル-2-チエニル基、5-フェニル-2-フリル基が挙げられる。1価の複素環基が置換基を有する場合、置換基としてはアルキル基またはシクロアルキル基が好ましい。
シリル基が有する炭素原子数は通常0~90であり、好ましくは、3~90である。
アルケニル基としては、例えば、ビニル基、1-プロペニル基、2-プロペニル基、1-ヘキセニル基、1-ドデセニル基、1-ヘキサデセニル基が挙げられる。
アルケニル基は置換基を有していてもよく、置換基としては、例えば、アリール基、ハロゲン原子、シリル基が挙げられる。
シクロアルケニル基としては、例えば、1-シクロヘキセニル基が挙げられる。
シクロアルケニル基は置換基を有していてもよく、置換基としては、例えば、アリール基、ハロゲン原子、シリル基が挙げられる。
アルキニル基としては、例えば、エチニル基、1-プロピニル基、1-ヘキシニル基、1-ドデシニル基、1-ヘキサデシニル基が挙げられる。
アルキニル基は置換基を有していてもよく、置換基としては、例えば、アリール基、ハロゲン原子、シリル基が挙げられる。
アルキルカルボニル基としては、例えば、アセチル基、n-プロパノイル基、n-ブタイル基、n-ヘキサノイル基、n-オクタノイル基、n-ドデカノイル基、n-ヘキサデカノイル基等の直鎖アルキルカルボニル基、イソブタノイル基、sec-ブタノイル基、tert-ブタノイル基、2-エチルヘキサノイル基等の分岐アルキルカルボニル基が挙げられる。
シクロアルキルカルボニル基としては、例えば、シクロペンチルカルボニル基、シクロヘキシルカルボニル基が挙げられる。
アルコキシカルボニル基としては、例えば、メトキシカルボニル基、エトキシカルボニル基、n-プロピルオキシカルボニル基、n-ブトキシカルボニル基、n-ヘキシルオキシカルボニル基、n-オクチルオキシカルボニル基、n-ドデシルオキシカルボニル基、n-ヘキサデシルオキシカルボニル基等の直鎖アルコキシカルボニル基、イソプロピルオキシカルボニル基、イソブチルオキシカルボニル基、sec-ブチルオキシカルボニル基、tert-ブチルオキシカルボニル基、2-エチルヘキシルオキシカルボニル基等の分岐アルコキシカルボニル基が挙げられる。
シクロアルコキシカルボニル基としては、例えば、シクロペンチルオキシカルボニル基、シクロヘキシルオキシカルボニル基が挙げられる。
線対称軸および回転軸を有していない縮合した芳香族複素環の炭素原子数は、通常6~20であり、その例としては、例えば、ベンゾフラン環、ベンゾチオフェン環、ベンゾセレノフェン環、ベンゾピロール環、ナフトフラン環、ナフトチオフェン環、ナフトセレノフェン環、アントラフラン環、アントラチオフェン環、アントラセレノフェン環、テトラセノチオフェン環、テトラセノフラン環、インデノチオフェン環、キノリン環等の芳香族炭化水素環に芳香族複素環が縮合した縮合環;およびチエノフラン環、チエノセレノフェン環、セレノフラン環等の芳香族複素環に芳香族複素環が縮合した縮合環が挙げられる。
Rで表されるアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、1価の複素環基の定義および具体例は、環Aおよび環Bで表される複素環が有していてもよい置換基であるアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、1価の複素環基の定義および具体例と同様である。
X3は、酸素原子、硫黄原子またはセレン原子を表す。
ベンゼン環および2~4個のベンゼン環が縮合した縮合環からなる群から選ばれる芳香族炭化水素環の炭素原子数は6~18であり、その例としては、例えば、ベンゼン環;ナフタレン環、アントラセン環、フェナントレン環、クリセン環、ピレン環等の2~4個のベンゼン環が縮合した縮合環が挙げられる。
X1およびX2は、それぞれ独立に、酸素原子、硫黄原子またはセレン原子を表す。Y1は、窒素原子または-CR5=で表される基を表し、Y2は、窒素原子または-CR6=で表される基を表す。R5およびR6は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、1価の複素環基またはハロゲン原子を表す。
R5およびR6で表されるアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、1価の複素環基、ハロゲン原子の定義および具体例は、環Aおよび環Bで表される複素環が有していてもよい置換基であるアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、1価の複素環基、ハロゲン原子の定義および具体例と同様である。
R1およびR2は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、1価の複素環基、ハロゲン原子、シリル基、アミノ基、アルケニル基、シクロアルケニル基、アルキニル基、ヒドロキシル基、ニトロ基、シアノ基、カルボキシル基、アルキルカルボニル基、シクロアルキルカルボニル基、アルコキシカルボニル基またはシクロアルコキシカルボニル基を表し、これらの基のうちアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、1価の複素環基、シリル基、アミノ基、アルケニル基、シクロアルケニル基、アルキニル基、アルキルカルボニル基、シクロアルキルカルボニル基、アルコキシカルボニル基およびシクロアルコキシカルボニル基はそれぞれ置換基を有していてもよい。
R1およびR2で表されるアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、1価の複素環基、ハロゲン原子、シリル基、アミノ基、アルケニル基、シクロアルケニル基、アルキニル基、アルキルカルボニル基、シクロアルキルカルボニル基、アルコキシカルボニル基またはシクロアルコキシカルボニル基の定義および具体例は、環Aおよび環Bで表される複素環が有しいていてよいアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、1価の複素環基、ハロゲン原子、シリル基、アミノ基、アルケニル基、シクロアルケニル基、アルキニル基、アルキルカルボニル基、シクロアルキルカルボニル基、アルコキシカルボニル基またはシクロアルコキシカルボニル基の定義および具体例と同様である。
Y1は、窒素原子または-CR5=で表される基を表し、Y2は、窒素原子または-CR6=で表される基を表す。R5およびR6は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、1価の複素環基またはハロゲン原子を表す。R5およびR6で表されるアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、1価の複素環基、ハロゲン原子の定義および具体例は、環Aおよび環Bで表される複素環が有していてもよい置換基であるアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、1価の複素環基、ハロゲン原子の定義および具体例と同様である。
本発明の高分子化合物を用いて製造される有機トランジスタのキャリア移動度がより優れるため、式(1)で表される構造単位は、式(1-1)~式(1-23)で表される構造単位であることが好ましく、式(1-1)~式(1-13)で表される構造単位であることがより好ましく、式(1-1)~式(1-8)で表される構造単位であることがさらに好ましい。
本発明の高分子化合物は、式(1)で表される構造単位のほかに、式(5)で表される構造単位(但し、前記式(1)で表される構造単位とは異なる。)(以下、「第2構造単位」ということがある。)をさらに含んでいることが好ましい。第2構造単位は、高分子化合物中に一種のみ含まれていても二種以上含まれていてもよい。
本発明の高分子化合物が第2構造単位を含む場合、第2構造単位のモル比率は、第1構造単位及び第2構造単位の合計量に対して、20~80モル%であることが好ましく、40~60モル%であることがより好ましい。
アリーレン基は置換基を有していてもよく、置換基としては、例えば、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、1価の複素環基、ハロゲン原子が挙げられる。これらの置換基の定義および具体例は、環Aおよび環Bで表される複素環が有していてもよい置換基であるアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、1価の複素環基、ハロゲン原子の定義および具体例と同様である。
R''で表されるアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、1価の複素環基、ハロゲン原子の定義および具体例は、環Aおよび環Bで表される複素環が有していてもよい置換基であるアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、1価の複素環基、ハロゲン原子の定義および具体例と同様である。
2価の複素環基は置換基を有していてもよく、置換基としては、例えば、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、ハロゲン原子が挙げられる。これらの置換基の定義および具体例は、環Aおよび環Bで表される複素環が有していてもよい置換基であるアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、ハロゲン原子の定義および具体例と同様である。
本発明の高分子化合物は、上記の第1構造単位及び第2構造単位以外の構造単位(以下、「他の構造単位」という場合がある。)を含んでいてもよい。他の構造単位は、高分子化合物中に一種のみ含まれていても二種以上含まれていてもよい。
Rc、Rd及びRgが有していてもよい置換基としては、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、1価の芳香族複素環基、ハロゲン原子等が挙げられ、これらの中でもアルキル基が好ましい。
本発明の高分子化合物は、より優れたキャリア移動度が得られるため、共役高分子化合物であることが好ましい。
の観点から、数平均分子量は1×106以下であることが好ましく、重量平均分子量は1×106以下であることが好ましい。
本発明の高分子化合物は、いかなる種類の共重合体であってもよく、例えば、ブロック共重合体、ランダム共重合体、交互共重合体、グラフト共重合体のいずれであってもよい。本発明の高分子化化合物を用いて製造される有機トランジスタのキャリア移動度がより優れるので、本発明の高分子化合物は、式(1)で表される構造単位と、式(5)で表される構造単位との共重合体であることが好ましく、式(1)で表される構造単位と、式(5)で表される構造単位との交互共重合体であることがより好ましい。なお、共重合体中、式(1)で表される構造単位が複数ある場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよく、共重合体中、式(5)で表される構造単位が複数ある場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよい。
次に、本発明の高分子化合物の製造方法を説明する。
本発明の高分子化合物は、いかなる方法で製造してもよいが、例えば、式:X11-A11-X12で表される化合物と、式:X13-A12-X14で表される化合物とを、必要に応じて有機溶媒に溶解し、必要に応じて塩基を加え、適切な触媒を用いた公知のアリールカップリング等の重合方法により合成することができる。
本発明の高分子化合物をSuzukiカップリング反応により重合する場合は、上記の重合反応性基である臭素原子およびヨウ素原子の合計モル数と、上記の重合反応性基であるホウ酸エステル残基の合計モル数との比率が、0.7~1.3とすることが好ましく、0.8~1.2とすることがより好ましい。
本発明の高分子化合物をStilleカップリング反応により重合する場合は、上記の重合反応性基である臭素原子およびヨウ素原子の合計モル数と、上記の重合反応性基である3つのアルキル基で置換された有機スズ残基の合計モル数との比率が、0.7~1.3とすることが好ましく、0.8~1.2とすることがより好ましい。
本発明の化合物は、式(6)で表される化合物であり、本発明の高分子化合物の原料として、上記の高分子化合物の製造方法において好適に使用することができる。
R7およびR8で表されるアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、1価の複素環基、ハロゲン原子、シリル基、アミノ基、アルケニル基、シクロアルケニル基、アルキニル基、アルキルカルボニル基、シクロアルキルカルボニル基、アルコキシカルボニル基およびシクロアルコキシカルボニル基の定義および具体例は、上記の複素環が有していてもよい置換基であるアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、1価の複素環基、ハロゲン原子、シリル基、アミノ基、アルケニル基、シクロアルケニル基、アルキニル基、アルキルカルボニル基、シクロアルキルカルボニル基、アルコキシカルボニル基およびシクロアルコキシカルボニル基の定義および具体例と同様である。また、ホウ酸エステル残基、ホウ酸残基または有機スズ残基の定義および具体例は、上記の重合反応基であるホウ酸エステル残基、ホウ酸残基または有機スズ残基の定義および具体例と同様である。
次に、本発明の化合物の製造方法を説明する。
式(6)で表される化合物は、いかなる方法で製造してもよいが、例えば、以下に説明するように、臭素化反応、Suzukiカップリング反応、Wolff-Kishner還元反応、Buchwald-Hartwigアミノ化反応、酸化的環化反応により製造することができる。
式(S1)で表される化合物と、式(S2)で表される化合物と、式(S3)で表される化合物とをSuzukiカップリング反応により反応させる第一工程と、
第一工程で得られた式(S4)で表される化合物を分子内環化させる第二工程と
により製造することができる。この場合に得られる化合物は、式(S5)で表される化合物である。そして、式(S5)で表される化合物を、(I)N-ブロモスクシンイミド等のハロゲン化剤とを反応させることにより、(II)パラジウム触媒等を用いたカップリング反応により、または、(III)アルキルリチウムと反応させてリチオ化し、さらに、塩化トリブチルブチルスズ等と反応させることにより、式(6)で表される化合物を製造することができる。
上記の式(S5)で表される化合物をWolff-Kishner還元反応により反応させる第一工程と、
第一工程で得られた式(S6)で表される化合物と、ナトリウムアルコキシド等の塩基と、アルキルハライドとを反応させる第二工程と
により製造することができる。この場合に得られる化合物は、式(S7)で表される化合物である。そして、式(S7)で表される化合物を、(I)N-ブロモスクシンイミド等のハロゲン化剤とを反応させることにより、(II)パラジウム触媒等を用いたカップリング反応により、または、(III)アルキルリチウムと反応させてリチオ化し、さらに、塩化トリブチルブチルスズ等と反応させることにより、式(6)で表される化合物を製造することができる。
式(S1)で表される化合物と、式(S8)で表される化合物と、式(S9)で表される化合物とをSuzukiカップリング反応により反応させる第一工程と、
第一工程で得られた式(S10)で表される化合物と、ブチルリチウムとを反応させてリチオ化し、さらに、ケトンと反応させる第二工程と、
第二工程で得られた式(S11)で表される化合物と、トリフルオロホウ酸や硫酸等の酸とを反応させて環化させる第三工程と
により製造することができる。この場合に得られる化合物は、式(S7)で表される化合物である。そして、式(S7)で表される化合物を、(I)N-ブロモスクシンイミド等のハロゲン化剤とを反応させることにより、(II)パラジウム触媒等を用いたカップリング反応により、または、(III)アルキルリチウムと反応させてリチオ化し、さらに、塩化トリブチルブチルスズ等と反応させることにより、式(6)で表される化合物を製造することができる。
上記の式(S10)で表される化合物と、N-ブロモスクシンイミド等のハロゲン化剤とを反応させる第一工程と、
第一工程で得られた式(S12)で表される化合物と、ブチルリチウムとを反応させてリチオ化し、さらに、式:R2ECl2で表される化合物等と反応させる第二工程と
により製造することができる。この場合に得られる化合物は、式(S13)で表される化合物である。そして、式(S13)で表される化合物を、(I)N-ブロモスクシンイミド等のハロゲン化剤とを反応させることにより、(II)パラジウム触媒等を用いたカップリング反応により、または、(III)アルキルリチウムと反応させてリチオ化し、さらに、塩化トリブチルブチルスズ等と反応させることにより、式(6)で表される化合物を製造することができる。
上記の式(S12)で表される化合物と、式(S14)で表される化合物とをBuchwald-Hartwigアミノ化反応により反応させることにより製造することができる。この場合に得られる化合物は、式(S15)で表される化合物である。そして、式(S15)で表される化合物を、(I)N-ブロモスクシンイミド等のハロゲン化剤とを反応させることにより、(II)パラジウム触媒等を用いたカップリング反応により、または、(III)アルキルリチウムと反応させてリチオ化し、さらに、塩化トリブチルブチルスズ等と反応させることにより、式(6)で表される化合物を製造することができる。
式(S16)で表される化合物と、式(S19)で表される化合物と、式(S20)で表される化合物とをSuzukiカップリング反応により反応させる第一工程と、
第一工程で得られた式(S21)で表される化合物を分子内環化させる第二工程と
により製造することができる。この場合に得られる化合物は、式(S7)で表される化合物である。そして、式(S7)で表される化合物を、(I)N-ブロモスクシンイミド等のハロゲン化剤とを反応させることにより、(II)パラジウム触媒等を用いたカップリング反応により、または、(III)アルキルリチウムと反応させてリチオ化し、さらに、塩化トリブチルブチルスズ等と反応させることにより、式(6)で表される化合物を製造することができる。
本発明の有機半導体組成物は、本発明の高分子化合物を1種類単独で含むものであってもよく、2種類以上を含むものであってもよい。また、本実施形態の有機半導体組成物は、本発明の高分子化合物に加え、キャリア輸送性を有する化合物または高分子化合物を更に含んでいてもよい。本実施形態の有機半導体組成物が、本発明の高分子化合物以外の成分を含む場合は、本発明の高分子化合物を30重量%以上含むことが好ましく、50重量%以上含むことがより好ましく、70重量%以上含むことがさらに好ましい。本発明の有機半導体組成物は、有機半導体素子の有機半導体層として好適に用いることができる。
本発明の有機半導体素子は、第1の電極と第2の電極と有機半導体層とを有し、該有機半導体層に本発明の高分子化合物を含有する、有機半導体素子である。本発明の有機半導体素子は、第1の電極と第2の電極以外にさらに電極を含んでいてもよい。本発明の有機半導体素子の一態様は、第1の電極と第2の電極とを有し、第1の電極と該第2の電極との間に有機半導体層を有し、該有機半導体層に本発明の高分子化合物を含有する有機半導体素子である。本発明の高分子化合物は、高いキャリア移動度を有することから、本発明の高分子化合物を含む有機半導体層を有機半導体素子に用いた場合、電極から注入された電子やホール、或いは、光吸収によって発生した電荷を輸送することができる。これらの特性を活かして、本発明の高分子化合物は、光電変換素子、有機トランジスタ、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子、有機電界効果型トランジスタ(OFET)センサ、有機電導度変調型センサ等の種々の有機半導体素子に好適に用いることができる。以下、これらの素子について個々に説明する。
本発明の高分子化合物を含む光電変換素子は、少なくとも一方が透明または半透明である一対の電極間に、本発明の高分子化合物を含む1層以上の活性層を有する。
本発明の高分子化合物を含む光電変換素子の好ましい形態としては、少なくとも一方が透明または半透明である一対の電極と、p型の有機半導体とn型の有機半導体との組成物から形成される活性層を有する。本発明の高分子化合物は、p型の有機半導体として用いることが好ましい。この形態の光電変換素子の動作機構を説明する。透明または半透明の電極から入射した光エネルギーがフラーレン誘導体等の電子受容性化合物(n型の有機半導体)および/または本発明の化合物等の電子供与性化合物(p型の有機半導体)で吸収され、電子とホールが結合した励起子を生成する。生成した励起子が移動して、電子受容性化合物と電子供与性化合物が隣接しているヘテロ接合界面に達すると、界面でのそれぞれのHOMOエネルギーおよびLUMOエネルギーの違いにより電子とホールが分離し、独立に動くことができる電荷(電子とホール)が発生する。発生した電荷は、それぞれ電極へ移動することにより外部へ電気エネルギー(電流)として取り出すことができる。
本発明の高分子化合物を用いた光電変換素子は、透明または半透明の電極から太陽光等の光を照射することにより、電極間に光起電力が発生し、有機薄膜太陽電池として動作させることができる。有機薄膜太陽電池を複数集積することにより有機薄膜太陽電池モジュールとして用いることもできる。
ポリマーフィルム等のフレキシブル支持体を用いた太陽電池の場合、ロール状の支持体を送り出しながら順次セルを形成し、所望のサイズに切断した後、周縁部をフレキシブルで防湿性のある素材でシールすることにより電池本体を作製できる。また、Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 48,p383-391記載の「SCAF」とよばれるモジュール構造とすることもできる。更に、フレキシブル支持体を用いた太陽電池は曲面ガラス等に接着固定して使用することもできる。
本発明の高分子化合物は、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子(以下、「有機EL素子」ということがある。)に用いることもできる。有機EL素子は、少なくとも一方が透明または半透明である一対の電極間に発光層を有する。有機EL素子は、発光層の他にも、正孔輸送層、電子輸送層を含んでいてもよい。該発光層、正孔輸送層、電子輸送層のいずれかの層中に本発明の高分子化合物が含まれる。発光層中には、本発明の高分子化合物の他にも、電荷輸送材料(電子輸送材料と正孔輸送材料の総称を意味する)を含んでいてもよい。有機EL素子としては、陽極と発光層と陰極とを有する素子、さらに陰極と発光層の間に、該発光層に隣接して電子輸送材料を含有する電子輸送層を有する、陽極と発光層と電子輸送層と陰極とを有する素子、さらに陽極と発光層の間に、該発光層に隣接して正孔輸送材料を含む正孔輸送層を有する、陽極と正孔輸送層と発光層と陰極とを有する素子、陽極と正孔輸送層と発光層と電子輸送層と陰極とを有する素子等が挙げられる。
有機トランジスタとしては、ソース電極およびドレイン電極と、これらの電極間の電流経路となり、本発明の高分子化合物を含む活性層と、該電流経路を通る電流量を制御するゲート電極とを備えた構成を有するものが挙げられる。このような構成を有する有機トランジスタとしては、有機電界効果型トランジスタ、有機静電誘導型トランジスタ等が挙げられる。
これらの材料は、1種を単独で用いても2種以上を併用してもよい。なお、ゲート電極4としては、高濃度にドープされたシリコン基板を用いることも可能である。高濃度にドープされたシリコン基板は、ゲート電極としての性能とともに、基板としての性能も併有する。このような基板としての性能も有するゲート電極4を用いる場合には、基板1とゲート電極4とが接している有機トランジスタにおいて、基板1を省略してもよい。
チャネル領域が感圧部として機能する場合、チャネル領域に含有される有機半導体の結晶性をより高めるため、有機薄膜トランジスタは更に配向層を有していてもよい。配向層としては、例えば、ヘキサメチルジシラザン等のシランカップリング剤を用いてゲート絶縁膜上に形成された単分子膜が挙げられる。
NMR測定は、 化合物を重クロロホルムに溶解させ、NMR装置(Varian社製、INOVA300)を用いて行った。
高分子化合物の数平均分子量および重量平均分子量は、ゲル透過クロマトグラフィ(GPC、Waters社製、商品名:Alliance GPC 2000)を用いて求めた。測定する高分子化合物は、オルトジクロロベンゼンに溶解させ、GPCに注入した。
GPCの移動相にはオルトジクロロベンゼンを用いた。カラムは、TSKgel GMHHR-H(S)HT(2本連結、東ソー製)を用いた。検出器にはUV検出器を用いた。
(化合物2の合成)
(化合物3の合成)
(化合物4の合成)
(化合物5の合成)
(化合物6の合成)
(化合物7の合成)
(化合物8の合成)
(高分子化合物Aの合成)
(高分子化合物X1の合成)
(有機トランジスタ1の作製および評価)
高分子化合物Aを含む溶液を用いて、図3に示すBGBC素子構造を有する有機トランジスタ1を作製した。
ゲート電極となる高濃度にドーピングされたn-型シリコン基板の表面を熱酸化し、シリコン酸化膜(以下、「熱酸化膜」という。)を形成した。熱酸化膜は絶縁層として機能する。
次に、フォトリソグラフィ工程により熱酸化膜上にソース電極及びドレイン電極を作製した。該ソース電極及び該ドレイン電極は、熱酸化膜側からクロム(Cr)層と金(Au)層とを有し、チャネル長が20μm、チャネル幅が2mmであった。
こうして得られた熱酸化膜、ソース電極及びドレイン電極を形成した基板をアセトンで超音波洗浄を行ない、オゾンUVクリーナーでUVオゾン処理を行なった。その後、β-フェネチルトリクロロシランで熱酸化膜の表面を修飾した。
次に、上記表面処理した熱酸化膜、ソース電極及びドレイン電極上に、0.5重量%の高分子化合物Aのオルトジクロロベンゼン溶液を1000rpmの回転速度でスピンコートし、有機半導体層(活性層)を形成した。その後、有機半導体層を150℃で30分間加熱することでし、有機トランジスタ1を製造した。
(有機トランジスタ2の作製および評価)
実施例4の高分子化合物Aに代えて、高分子化合物X1を用いたこと以外は、実施例4と同様にして、有機トランジスタ2を作製した。
(有機トランジスタ3の作製および評価)
高分子化合物Aを含む溶液を用いて、図1に示すTGBC素子構造を有する有機トランジスタ3を作製した。
ガラス基板(基板1)に対し、アセトンで10分間超音波洗浄した後、オゾンUVを20分間照射した。その後、基板1上に、蒸着法によりソース電極5およびドレイン電極6を形成した。該ソース電極5および該ドレイン電極6は金であり、チャネル長は20μm、チャンネル幅は2mmであった。その後、フェニルエチルトリクロロシランのトルエン希釈液に、基板を2分間浸漬することにより、基板表面をシラン処理した。その後、ペンタフルオロベンゼンチオールのイソプロピルアルコール希釈液に、基板を2分間浸漬することにより、基板上に形成した電極の表面を修飾した。
その後、0.5重量%の高分子化合物Aのテトラリン溶液を上記の表面処理した基板上にスピンコート法により塗布し、大気雰囲気中において、ホットプレート上で、150℃、30分間乾燥させることにより、有機半導体層2を形成した。有機半導体層2の厚さは、約30nmであった。
その後、有機半導体層2の上に、テフロン(登録商標)製の絶縁膜をスピンコート法により塗布し、大気雰囲気中において、ホットプレート上で、80℃、10分間乾燥させることにより、絶縁層3を形成した。絶縁層3の厚さは約500nmであった。
その後、絶縁膜3上に、蒸着法によりアルミニウムを成膜して、ゲート電極4を形成した。
(有機トランジスタ4の作製および評価)
実施例5の高分子化合物Aに代えて、高分子化合物X1を用いたこと以外は、実施例5と同様にして、有機トランジスタ4を作製した。
(有機トランジスタ5の作製および評価)
実施例5のチャネル長を5μmに変更したこと以外は、実施例5と同様にして、有機トランジスタ5を作製した。
(有機トランジスタ6の作製および評価)
実施例5のチャネル長を5μmに変更したこと以外は、実施例5と同様にして、有機トランジスタ5を作製した。
(高分子化合物Bの合成)
(有機トランジスタ7の作製および評価)
実施例4の高分子化合物Aに代えて、高分子化合物Bを用いたこと以外は、実施例4と同様にして、有機トランジスタ7を作製した。
実施例9
(有機トランジスタ8の作製および評価)
実施例5の高分子化合物Aに代えて、高分子化合物Bを用いたこと以外は、実施例5と同様にして、有機トランジスタ8を作製した。
実施例10
(有機トランジスタ9の作製および評価)
実施例6の高分子化合物Aに代えて、高分子化合物Bを用いたこと以外は、実施例6と同様にして、有機トランジスタ9を作製した。
2、2a…活性層、
3…絶縁層、
4…ゲート電極、
5…ソース電極、
6…ドレイン電極、
100、110、120、130、140、150、160、170、180…有機トランジスタ。
Claims (15)
- 式(1)で表される構造単位を含む高分子化合物。
環Aおよび環Bは、それぞれ独立に、複素環を表し、該複素環は置換基を有していてもよい。
環Cは、線対称軸及び回転軸を有していない縮合した芳香族複素環を表し、該芳香族複素環は置換基を有していてもよい。
Z1およびZ2は、それぞれ独立に、式(Z-1)で表される基、式(Z-2)で表される基、式(Z-3)で表される基、式(Z-4)で表される基、式(Z-5)で表される基、式(Z-6)で表される基、または式(Z-7)で表される基を表す。〕
Rは、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基または1価の複素環基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。Rが複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよい。〕 - 前記式(2)で表される構造単位が、式(3)で表される構造単位である、請求項2に記載の高分子化合物。
環A、環B、X3、Z1およびZ2は、前記と同じ意味を表す。
R1およびR2は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、1価の複素環基、ハロゲン原子、シリル基、アミノ基、アルケニル基、シクロアルケニル基、アルキニル基、ヒドロキシル基、ニトロ基、シアノ基、カルボキシル基、アルキルカルボニル基、シクロアルキルカルボニル基、アルコキシカルボニル基またはシクロアルコキシカルボニル基を表し、これらの基のうちアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、1価の複素環基、シリル基、アミノ基、アルケニル基、シクロアルケニル基、アルキニル基、アルキルカルボニル基、シクロアルキルカルボニル基、アルコキシカルボニル基およびシクロアルコキシカルボニル基はそれぞれ置換基を有していてもよい。〕 - 前記式(3)で表される構造単位が、式(4)で表される構造単位である、請求項3に記載の高分子化合物。
R1、R2、X3、Z1およびZ2は、前記と同じ意味を表す。
X1およびX2は、それぞれ独立に、酸素原子、硫黄原子またはセレン原子を表す。
Y1は、窒素原子または-CR5=で表される基を表し、Y2は、窒素原子または-CR6=で表される基を表す。R5およびR6は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、1価の複素環基またはハロゲン原子を表し、これらの基のうちアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基および1価の複素環基はそれぞれ置換基を有していてもよい。〕 - 前記X1、前記X2および前記X3が、いずれも硫黄原子である、請求項4に記載の高分子化合物。
- 前記Y1および前記Y2が、-CH=で表される基である、請求項4または5に記載の高分子化合物。
- 前記Z1および前記Z2が、前記式(Z-1)で表される基である、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の高分子化合物。
- 前記式(1)で表される構造単位と、前記式(5)で表される構造単位との交互共重合体である、請求項8記載の高分子化合物。
- 式(6)で表される化合物。
環Aおよび環Bは、それぞれ独立に、複素環を表し、該複素環はR7およびR8以外の置換基を有していてもよい。
X3は、酸素原子、硫黄原子またはセレン原子を表す。
Z1およびZ2は、それぞれ独立に、式(Z-1)で表される基、式(Z-2)で表される基、式(Z-3)で表される基、式(Z-4)で表される基、式(Z-5)で表される基、式(Z-6)で表される基、または式(Z-7)で表される基を表す。〕
R1およびR2は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、1価の複素環基、ハロゲン原子、シリル基、アミノ基、アルケニル基、シクロアルケニル基、アルキニル基、ヒドロキシル基、ニトロ基、シアノ基、カルボキシル基、アルキルカルボニル基、シクロアルキルカルボニル基、アルコキシカルボニル基またはシクロアルコキシカルボニル基を表し、これらの基のうちアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、1価の複素環基、シリル基、アミノ基、アルケニル基、シクロアルケニル基、アルキニル基、アルキルカルボニル基、シクロアルキルカルボニル基、アルコキシカルボニル基およびシクロアルコキシカルボニル基はそれぞれ置換基を有していてもよい。R7およびR8は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、シリル基、ヒドロキシル基、カルボキシル基、ホウ酸エステル残基、ホウ酸残基または有機スズ残基を表し、これらの基のうちシリル基は置換基を有していてもよい。
〕
Rは、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基または1価の複素環基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。Rが複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよい。〕 - 前記式(6)で表される化合物が、式(7)で表される化合物である、請求項10に記載の化合物。
R1、R2、R7、R8、X3、Z1およびZ2は、前記と同じ意味を表す。
X1およびX2は、それぞれ独立に、酸素原子、硫黄原子またはセレン原子を表す。
Y1は、窒素原子または-CR5=で表される基を表し、Y2は、窒素原子または-CR6=で表される基を表す。R5およびR6は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、1価の複素環基またはハロゲン原子を表し、これらの基のうち、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基および1価の複素環基はそれぞれ置換基を有していてもよい。〕 - 請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の高分子化合物を含有する、有機半導体組成物。
- 第1の電極と第2の電極と有機半導体層とを有し、該有機半導体層に請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の高分子化合物を含有する、有機半導体素子。
- 有機トランジスタ、光電変換素子、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子、有機電界効果型トランジスタセンサおよび有機電導度変調型センサのいずれかである、請求項13に記載の有機半導体素子。
- 有機トランジスタである、請求項14に記載の有機半導体素子。
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JP6083491B2 (ja) | 2017-02-22 |
EP3187521A4 (en) | 2017-12-13 |
CN106661209A (zh) | 2017-05-10 |
US10239886B2 (en) | 2019-03-26 |
US20170145030A1 (en) | 2017-05-25 |
JPWO2016013460A1 (ja) | 2017-04-27 |
EP3187521A1 (en) | 2017-07-05 |
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