WO2016006669A1 - 感光性樹脂組成物、硬化物、ブラックマトリックス及び画像表示装置 - Google Patents
感光性樹脂組成物、硬化物、ブラックマトリックス及び画像表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/20—Filters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/027—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/027—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds
- G03F7/028—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds with photosensitivity-increasing substances, e.g. photoinitiators
- G03F7/031—Organic compounds not covered by group G03F7/029
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/09—Photosensitive materials characterised by structural details, e.g. supports, auxiliary layers
- G03F7/105—Photosensitive materials characterised by structural details, e.g. supports, auxiliary layers having substances, e.g. indicators, for forming visible images
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a photosensitive resin composition, a cured product, a black matrix, and an image display device. Specifically, the present invention relates to a photosensitive resin composition that is excellent in dispersibility, developability, and heat resistance and can form fine fine lines.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention is particularly a photosensitive resin composition for a black matrix (Black Matrix, hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as “BM”) capable of forming fine fine lines while being highly light-shielding. Suitable for things.
- BM Black Matrix
- the present invention also relates to a cured product of the photosensitive resin composition and its use.
- a color filter usually forms a black matrix on the surface of a transparent substrate such as glass or plastic, and then sequentially stripes or mosaics pixels of three or more different colors such as red, green or blue. It is formed in a pattern such as a shape.
- the pattern size varies depending on the use of the color filter and each color, but is usually about 5 to 700 ⁇ m.
- a pigment dispersion method is currently known as a typical method for producing a color filter.
- a photosensitive resin composition containing a black pigment is applied on a transparent substrate and then dried, and after image exposure and development, it is cured by high-temperature treatment at 200 ° C. or higher. As a result, a BM is formed.
- a color filter is formed by repeating this for each color such as red, green or blue.
- BMs are generally arranged in a grid, stripe, or mosaic between red, green, and blue pixels, and have the role of improving contrast or preventing light leakage by suppressing color mixing between pixels. ing. For this reason, the BM is required to have high light shielding properties.
- the output of the backlight is in the direction of lowering.
- the light shielding unit BM Thinning is in progress.
- a dispersion liquid is prepared by dispersing a composition containing a coloring material, a dispersing agent or a solvent with glass beads or the like. To do. Thereafter, the dispersion is stirred and mixed with an alkali-soluble resin or a photopolymerization initiator to prepare a photosensitive resin composition.
- urethane-based dispersants can be added with compounds having a hydroxyl group, a primary, secondary amino group, or a thiol group at the terminal by a urethane bond, and thus various types of dispersants have been developed as dispersants.
- Patent Documents 4 to 9 For example, Patent Documents 4 to 9).
- Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2002-031713 Japanese Patent No. 3509512 Japanese Patent No. 3789965 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 57-162723 Japan Special Table 2002-503746 Japanese National Table 2003-506538 Japanese National Table 2005-538192 Japan Special Table of Contents 2010-511752 Japan Special Table 2011-514411
- the present invention provides a photosensitive resin composition that is excellent in dispersibility and can form high-definition fine lines regardless of the color material content ratio, and a cured product, black matrix, and image using the photosensitive resin composition. It is an object to provide a display device.
- the present inventors have combined a polyurethane dispersant having a specific structure with a high-sensitivity photopolymerization initiator in a photosensitive resin composition. It has been found that it is possible to form a highly fine thin line that is currently required regardless of the color material content ratio.
- a photosensitive resin composition comprising a colorant (a), a dispersant (b), a photopolymerization initiator (c), an alkali-soluble resin (d) and a solvent (e),
- the dispersant (b) includes a polyurethane dispersant (b-1) having a solvophilic group and an adsorption group,
- the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) contains a partial structure represented by the following formula (i):
- R a may have a substituent, an alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an arylene group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or the alkylene group and the arylene group linked to each other. Represents a group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms, and * represents a bond.
- the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) includes a solvosolvent-containing partial structure containing the solvosolvent group, and an adsorptive group-containing partial structure containing the adsorptive group, 2.
- R 1 represents an alkyl group or an aryl group which may have a substituent
- R 2 and R 3 each independently represents an alkylene which may have a substituent.
- 7. The photosensitive resin composition according to any one of items 2 to 6, wherein the adsorption group-containing partial structure has at least one partial structure represented by the following formulas (2-1) to (2-3): .
- R ⁇ and R ⁇ each independently represents an alkyl group or an aryl group which may have a substituent.
- R ⁇ , R ⁇ and R ⁇ are each independently an alkylene group which may have a substituent, an arylene group which may have a substituent, or a group in which the alkylene group and the arylene group are linked.
- R ⁇ is an alkylene group which may have a substituent, or a group in which the alkylene group and the arylene group are linked, at least a part of the methylene group constituting the alkylene group is an ester bond.
- R ⁇ may be urea-bonded with at least one adjacent N atom via a —NH— (C ⁇ O) — group, or may be amide-bonded via a carbonyl group. Good. * Represents a bond. ]
- R ⁇ and R ⁇ each independently represents an alkyl group or an aryl group which may have a substituent.
- R ⁇ and R ⁇ each independently represent an alkylene group which may have a substituent, an arylene group which may have a substituent, or a group in which the alkylene group and the arylene group are linked.
- R ⁇ and R ⁇ are each independently an alkylene group which may have a substituent, or a group in which the alkylene group and the arylene group are linked
- the methylene group constituting the alkylene group At least a portion may be substituted with at least one bond selected from the group consisting of an ester bond, an ether bond, a urethane bond, a urea bond, an amide bond, an imide bond, a thiourethane bond, a thioether bond, and a thioester bond.
- R ⁇ and R ⁇ may be urea-bonded with at least any one adjacent N atom via a —NH— (C ⁇ O) — group, or may be amide-bonded via a carbonyl group. It may be. * Represents a bond. ]
- R ⁇ and R ⁇ each independently represents an alkyl group or an aryl group which may have a substituent.
- R ⁇ ′ and R ⁇ each independently represent an alkylene group which may have a substituent, an arylene group which may have a substituent, or a group in which the alkylene group and the arylene group are linked.
- R ⁇ ′ is an alkylene group which may have a substituent, or a group in which the alkylene group and the arylene group are linked, at least a part of the methylene group constituting the alkylene group is an ester.
- R ⁇ ′ may be urea-bonded with an adjacent N atom via a —NH— (C ⁇ O) — group, or may be amide-bonded via a carbonyl group.
- R ⁇ ′ represents a direct bond, an alkylene group which may have a substituent, an arylene group which may have a substituent, or a group in which the alkylene group and the arylene group are linked.
- R ⁇ represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an aryl group which may have a substituent. However, when R ⁇ is the alkyl group or the aryl group, at least one of the hydrogen atoms may be substituted with a tertiary amino group or a nitrogen atom-containing heterocyclic group. * Represents a bond. ] 8).
- the alkali-soluble resin (d-1) is an epoxy (meth) acrylate resin.
- the epoxy (meth) acrylate resin is at least one of the following epoxy (meth) acrylate resin (D1-1) and epoxy (meth) acrylate resin (D1-2).
- Epoxy (meth) acrylate resin (D1-1) An ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated monocarboxylic acid or an ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated monocarboxylic acid ester having a carboxyl group is added to an epoxy resin, and at least one of a polybasic acid and an anhydride thereof is reacted.
- Epoxy (meth) acrylate resin (D1-1) (2) An ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated monocarboxylic acid or an ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated monocarboxylic acid ester having a carboxyl group is added to the epoxy resin, and a polyhydric alcohol, a polybasic acid and its anhydride are added.
- Epoxy (meth) acrylate resin (D1-2) obtained by reacting with at least one 12 12.
- 15. A cured product obtained by curing the photosensitive resin composition according to any one of items 1 to 14.
- An image display device comprising the black matrix according to item 16 above.
- a photosensitive resin composition having excellent dispersibility and capable of forming fine fine lines regardless of the color material content ratio in the photosensitive resin composition.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention is particularly useful as a photosensitive resin composition for a black matrix that can form fine fine lines while having high light shielding properties.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of an organic EL device provided with the color filter of the present invention.
- (meth) acryl means “acryl and / or methacryl”, and the same applies to “(meth) acrylate” and “(meth) acryloyl”.
- acid (anhydride) and “(anhydrous)... Acid” mean that both an acid and its anhydride are included.
- total solid content means all components other than the solvent contained in the photosensitive resin composition or in the ink described later.
- the number average molecular weight and the weight average molecular weight mean a number average molecular weight (Mn) and a weight average molecular weight (Mw) in terms of polystyrene by GPC (gel permeation chromatography).
- the “amine value” means an amine value in terms of effective solid content, unless otherwise specified, and is a value represented by the weight of KOH equivalent to the base amount per 1 g of the solid content of the dispersant. It is. The measuring method will be described later.
- the “acid value” represents an acid value in terms of effective solid content unless otherwise specified, and is calculated by neutralization titration.
- the “polyurethane skeleton” is a concept including not only a skeleton composed of polyurethane but also a skeleton composed of polyurethane urea.
- the “polyurethane dispersant” is a concept including not only a dispersant having two or more urethane bonds, but also a dispersant having two or more urea bonds and a dispersant having urethane bonds and urea bonds.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention is Color material (a), A specific dispersant (b), A specific photoinitiator (c), Alkali-soluble resin (d) and solvent (e) Containing.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention preferably further contains a photopolymerizable monomer, and further contains thiols, a dispersion aid (pigment derivative), an adhesion improver, a coatability improver, and a development improvement as necessary.
- a dispersion aid pigment derivative
- an adhesion improver e.g., an adhesion improver
- a coatability improver e.g., a photosensitive resin composition of the present invention
- a photopolymerizable monomer preferably further contains thiols, a dispersion aid (pigment derivative), an adhesion improver, a coatability improver, and a development improvement as necessary.
- a dispersion aid pigment derivative
- an adhesion improver adhesion improver
- a coatability improver e.g., an adhesion improver
- a development improvement e.g., an agent, an ultraviolet absorber, an antioxidant, a surfactant and the like
- the photosensitive resin composition contains a specific polyurethane dispersant (b-1) as a dispersant, and an oxime ester photopolymerization initiator (c) as a photopolymerization initiator (c). -1).
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention is characterized by containing a specific polyurethane dispersant (b-1) as the dispersant (b).
- the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) has a solvophilic group and an adsorbing group, and further includes a partial structure represented by the following formula (i).
- R a may have a substituent, an alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an arylene group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or the alkylene group and the arylene group are linked. Represents a group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms, and * represents a bond.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkylene group which may have a substituent in the formula (i) is not particularly limited as long as it is within the range of 1 to 20, but is preferably 2 or more, more preferably 3 or more. It is preferably 15 or less, more preferably 10 or less, and even more preferably 7 or less. There exists a tendency which can make a dispersibility favorable by setting it as the said lower limit or more, and there exists a tendency which can prevent high viscosity by setting it as the said upper limit or less.
- the alkylene group may be a chain or a ring, or may be a chain alkylene group and a cyclic alkylene group linked together. From the viewpoint of dispersibility, it is preferable to have at least a cyclic portion.
- alkylene group examples include trimethylene group, tetramethylene group, pentamethylene group, hexamethylene group, octamethylene group, decamethylene group, cyclohexylene group, cyclohexylenemethylene group, and cyclohexylenemethylenecyclohexylene group.
- a tetramethylene group, a pentamethylene group, a hexamethylene group, a cyclohexylene group, or a cyclohexylenemethylenecyclohexylene group is preferable, and a pentamethylene group, a hexamethylene group, a cyclohexylene group, or A cyclohexylene-methylenecyclohexylene group is more preferred.
- the arylene group which may have a substituent in the formula (i) is not particularly limited as long as it has a carbon number in the range of 6 to 20, but is preferably 15 or less, more preferably 10 or less. Preferably, it is 8 or less. There exists a tendency which can make a dispersibility favorable by setting it as the said lower limit or more, and there exists a tendency which can prevent high viscosity by setting it as the said upper limit or less.
- arylene group examples include the following.
- arylene group having a substituent examples include the following.
- the group represented by the above formula (0-3) is preferable.
- the number of carbon atoms of the group connecting the alkylene group which may have a substituent and the arylene group which may have a substituent is in the range of 7 to 20, in particular. Although not limited, it is more preferably 8 or more, further preferably 9 or more, preferably 15 or less, more preferably 14 or less, and further preferably 13 or less. There exists a tendency which can make a dispersibility favorable by setting it as the said lower limit or more, and there exists a tendency which can prevent high viscosity by setting it as the said upper limit or less.
- the number of the arylene groups contained in the group connecting the alkylene group and the arylene group is not particularly limited as long as it is 1 or more, but is preferably 2 or more and 3 or less from the viewpoint of dispersibility. preferable.
- the number of alkylene groups is not particularly limited as long as it is 1 or more, but is preferably 3 or less from the viewpoint of dispersibility.
- a group in which one arylene group which may have a substituent and one alkylene group which may have a substituent are connected, and a substituent may be included.
- a group in which two arylene groups are linked via one alkylene group which may have a substituent may be included.
- the group represented by the above formula (0-5) is preferable.
- the alkylene group, the arylene group, and the substituent that the alkylene group and the arylene group may be linked to are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an alkyl group, an aryl group, and an aralkyl group.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 1 to 10, and further preferably 1 to 5.
- the alkyl group may be linear, branched or cyclic. Specific examples include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and the like.
- the number of carbon atoms of the aryl group is not particularly limited, but is preferably 6 to 20, and more preferably 6 to 10.
- Specific examples include a phenyl group and a naphthyl group.
- the number of carbon atoms in the aralkyl group is not particularly limited, but is preferably 7 to 20, more preferably 7 to 10.
- Specific examples include a benzyl group. Among these, a methyl group is preferable from the viewpoint of ease of handling or dispersibility.
- R a is represented by the group represented by the formula (0-5), the group represented by the formula (0-3), or the formula (0-1). More preferably, it is a group.
- the solvate group-containing partial structures described later may be linked by the partial structure represented by the formula (i).
- the adsorbing group-containing partial structures described later may be connected by a partial structure represented by the formula (i).
- the below-mentioned parent solvent group containing partial structure and the below-mentioned adsorption group containing partial structure may be connected by the partial structure represented by said Formula (i).
- the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) has the partial structure represented by the formula (i), so that the solvosolvent-containing partial structure and the adsorptive group-containing partial structure can be arranged on a straight line.
- the compatibility of the solvent and the adsorptivity to the pigment tend to be increased by expanding the range of motion of these partial structures.
- the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) preferably has a main chain, and the main chain includes a partial structure represented by the formula (i).
- the partial structure with high linearity represented by the formula (i) as the partial structure contained in the main chain, the solvophilic group-containing partial structure and the adsorptive group-containing partial structure are linearly aligned. It can be arranged, and it is considered that the compatibility with the solvent and the adsorptivity to the pigment tend to be increased by expanding the range of motion of these partial structures.
- the main chain of the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) is a chain connected by two or more urethane bonds and means the longest chain.
- Preferred embodiments include a form in which the main chain polyurethane skeleton has a linear structure.
- a portion other than the bonding portion with the parent solvent group, the adsorption group, and the bonding portion with the adsorption group has a linear structure.
- the compatibility of the parent solvent group with the solvent or the adsorption of the adsorption group to the pigment tends to be good.
- the pigment adsorption by the nitrogen atom of the urethane bond is promoted and the dispersibility tends to be good.
- the content ratio of the partial structure represented by the formula (i) in the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 mol% or more from the viewpoint of dispersibility, and is preferably 10 mol%. More preferably, it is 90 mol% or less, more preferably 80 mol% or less.
- the content of the partial structure represented by the formula (i) in the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) is preferably 5% by mass or more, and preferably 10% by mass or more. More preferably, it is preferably 90% by mass or less, and more preferably 80% by mass or less.
- the adsorbing group possessed by the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) is not particularly limited, but at least one selected from the group consisting of a tertiary amino group, a quaternary ammonium base, and a nitrogen atom-containing heterocyclic group from the viewpoint of dispersibility. (Hereinafter, it may be abbreviated as “specific adsorbing group”.).
- the adsorbing group is a tertiary amino group in the main chain or bonded to the main chain, a quaternary ammonium base, and a nitrogen atom. It is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of containing heterocyclic groups.
- the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) preferably includes an adsorbing group-containing partial structure containing the adsorbing group.
- the adsorbing group-containing partial structures or the adsorbing group-containing partial structure and the later-described are preferably linked to the partial structure represented by the formula (i).
- Adsorbing group-containing partial structure 1 The specific partial structure of the adsorptive group-containing partial structure is not particularly limited, but a partial structure represented by the following formula (1) is preferable.
- R 1 represents an alkyl group or an aryl group which may have a substituent
- R 2 and R 3 each independently represents an alkylene group which may have a substituent.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group of R 1 is not particularly limited, but is usually 1 or more, preferably 2 or more, preferably 20 or less, more preferably 10 or less, and even more preferably 6 or less. Within the above range, the dispersibility tends to be good. Specific examples include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, and a cyclooctyl group.
- a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a cyclopentyl group, or a cyclohexyl group more preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a cyclohexyl group, and a methyl group or a cyclohexyl group. Is more preferable.
- the number of carbon atoms of the aryl group of R 1 is not particularly limited, but is usually 6 or more, preferably 30 or less, more preferably 20 or less, and still more preferably 15 or less. Within the above range, the dispersibility tends to be good. Specific examples include a phenyl group and a naphthyl group, and a phenyl group is preferable from the viewpoint of dispersibility.
- alkyl groups and aryl groups may have is not particularly limited, but hydroxyl group; carboxyl group; alkyl group such as methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, cyclohexyl group; aryl such as phenyl group A group; an aralkyl group such as a benzyl group;
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 1 to 10, and further preferably 1 to 5.
- the alkyl group may be linear, branched or cyclic. Specific examples include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and the like.
- the number of carbon atoms of the aryl group is not particularly limited, but is preferably 6 to 20, and more preferably 6 to 10. Specific examples include a phenyl group and a naphthyl group.
- the number of carbon atoms in the aralkyl group is not particularly limited, but is preferably 7 to 20, more preferably 7 to 10. Specific examples include a benzyl group. Among these, a hydroxyl group, a methyl group, or an ethyl group is preferable from the viewpoint of the adsorptive power to the pigment.
- R 1 is an alkyl group from the viewpoint of dispersibility.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkylene group in R 2 and R 3 is not particularly limited, but is usually 1 or more, preferably 2 or more, preferably 20 or less, more preferably 15 or less, and further preferably 7 or less. . Within the above range, the dispersibility tends to be good. Specific examples include a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propylene group, a butylene group, a cyclopentylene methylene group, a cyclohexylene methylene group, a cyclohexylene ethylene group, and a cyclohexylene propylene group. From the viewpoint of dispersibility, a methylene group, an ethylene group, or a cyclohexylenemethylene group is preferable, and an ethylene group is more preferable.
- the number of carbon atoms of the arylene alkylene group (the group in which an alkylene group and an arylene group are linked) in R 2 and R 3 is not particularly limited, but is usually 7 or more, preferably 8 or more, and preferably 30 or less, more preferably 20 or less, more preferably 15 or less. Within the above range, the dispersibility tends to be good. Specific examples include a phenylenemethylene group, a phenyleneethylene group, and a phenylenepropylene group. From the viewpoint of dispersibility, a phenylenemethylene group is preferred.
- the number of carbon atoms of the arylene group in R 2 and R 3 is not particularly limited, but is usually 6 or more, preferably 30 or less, more preferably 20 or less, and still more preferably 15 or less. Within the above range, the dispersibility tends to be good. Specific examples include a phenylene group and a naphthylene group, and a phenylene group is preferable from the viewpoint of dispersibility.
- alkylene groups, arylene alkylene groups, and substituents that the arylene group may have are not particularly limited, but examples thereof include hydroxyl groups; carboxyl groups; alkyl groups such as methyl groups, ethyl groups, propyl groups, and cyclohexyl groups.
- Aryl groups such as phenyl groups; aralkyl groups such as benzyl groups;
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 1 to 10, and further preferably 1 to 5.
- the alkyl group may be linear, branched or cyclic. Specific examples include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and the like.
- the number of carbon atoms of the aryl group is not particularly limited, but is preferably 6 to 20, and more preferably 6 to 10. Specific examples include a phenyl group and a naphthyl group.
- the number of carbon atoms in the aralkyl group is not particularly limited, but is preferably 7 to 20, more preferably 7 to 10. Specific examples include a benzyl group. Among these, a hydroxyl group, a methyl group, or an ethyl group is preferable from the viewpoint of suppressing steric hindrance between molecules.
- R 2 and R 3 may be the same or different, but are preferably the same from the viewpoint of dispersibility. Among these, from the viewpoint of dispersibility, R 2 and R 3 are preferably each independently an alkylene group.
- the entire formula (1) is an adsorbing group composed of a tertiary amino group.
- the partial structure represented by the formula (1) and the other adsorbing group-containing partial structure or the solvate group-containing partial structure are connected by the partial structure represented by the formula (i), thereby obtaining the formula (
- the adsorption group represented by 1) can be arranged in the main chain of the polyurethane dispersant (b-1).
- * in the formula (1) represents a bond with the carbonyl group of the urethane bond in the polyurethane skeleton of the main chain.
- R 1 to R 3 and * have the same meanings as those in the formula (1).
- R A represents an alkyl group or an aryl group which may have a substituent.
- X ⁇ represents a monovalent anion.
- R 1 As the alkyl group or aryl group for R A , those exemplified as R 1 can be preferably used.
- X ⁇ is not particularly limited as long as it is a monovalent anion, but from the viewpoint of dispersibility, X ⁇ is preferably a halogen anion such as a chlorine anion, or a methylsulfate anion, more preferably a halogen anion, More preferably, it is a chlorine anion.
- the quaternary ammonium base of the formula (1 ′) can be obtained by quaternizing the tertiary amino group of the formula (1), in which case X ⁇ may be an anion derived from a quaternizing agent. is there.
- the entire formula (1 ′) is an adsorbing group composed of a quaternary ammonium base. Further, by connecting the partial structure represented by the formula (1 ′) and the other adsorbing group-containing partial structure or the solvosolvent-containing partial structure with the partial structure represented by the formula (i), the formula The adsorptive group represented by (1 ′) can be arranged in the main chain of the polyurethane dispersant (b-1).
- the entire partial structure below becomes an adsorbing group comprising a nitrogen atom-containing heterocyclic group.
- the adsorbing group consisting of a nitrogen atom-containing heterocyclic group exhibits an ionic bond with the pigment and a hydrophobic bond due to the packing effect, and thus works in the same manner as a tertiary amino group or quaternary ammonium base, and is good It is considered that the pigment adsorbing property is exhibited.
- the adsorbing group represented by the partial structure is obtained by linking the partial structure to another adsorbing group-containing partial structure or a solvosolvent-containing partial structure with the partial structure represented by the formula (i). Can be arranged in the main chain of the polyurethane dispersant (b-1).
- At least one partial structure represented by the following formulas (2-1) to (2-3) is preferred.
- the steric hindrance of the adsorption part is alleviated and the degree of spatial freedom of the adsorption part is increased. There is a tendency that adsorption to the pigment can be efficiently performed.
- R ⁇ and R ⁇ each independently represents an alkyl group or an aryl group which may have a substituent.
- R ⁇ , R ⁇ and R ⁇ are each independently an alkylene group which may have a substituent, an arylene group which may have a substituent, or a group in which the alkylene group and the arylene group are linked. Represents.
- R ⁇ is an alkylene group which may have a substituent, or a group in which the alkylene group and the arylene group are linked
- at least a part of the methylene group constituting the alkylene group is an ester bond
- It may be substituted with at least one bond selected from the group consisting of an ether bond, urethane bond, urea bond, amide bond, imide bond, thiourethane bond, thioether bond, and thioester bond.
- R ⁇ may be urea-bonded with at least one adjacent N atom via a —NH— (C ⁇ O) — group, or may be amide-bonded via a carbonyl group.
- Good. * Represents a bond.
- R ⁇ and R ⁇ each independently represents an alkyl group or an aryl group which may have a substituent.
- R ⁇ and R ⁇ each independently represent an alkylene group which may have a substituent, an arylene group which may have a substituent, or a group in which the alkylene group and the arylene group are linked.
- R ⁇ and R ⁇ are each independently an alkylene group which may have a substituent, or a group in which the alkylene group and the arylene group are linked
- at least a methylene group constituting the alkylene group A part may be substituted with at least one bond selected from the group consisting of an ester bond, an ether bond, a urethane bond, a urea bond, an amide bond, an imide bond, a thiourethane bond, a thioether bond, and a thioester bond.
- R ⁇ and R ⁇ may be urea-bonded with at least any one adjacent N atom via a —NH— (C ⁇ O) — group, or may be amide-bonded via a carbonyl group. It may be. * Represents a bond.
- R ⁇ and R ⁇ each independently represents an alkyl group or an aryl group which may have a substituent.
- R ⁇ ′ and R ⁇ each independently represent an alkylene group which may have a substituent, an arylene group which may have a substituent, or a group in which the alkylene group and the arylene group are linked.
- R ⁇ ′ is an alkylene group which may have a substituent, or a group in which the alkylene group and the arylene group are linked, at least a part of the methylene group constituting the alkylene group is an ester bond.
- R ⁇ ′ may be urea-bonded with an adjacent N atom via a —NH— (C ⁇ O) — group, or may be amide-bonded via a carbonyl group.
- R ⁇ ′ represents a direct bond, an alkylene group which may have a substituent, an arylene group which may have a substituent, or a group in which the alkylene group and the arylene group are linked.
- R ⁇ represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group which may have a substituent, or an aryl group which may have a substituent. However, when R ⁇ is an alkyl group or an aryl group, at least one of the hydrogen atoms may be substituted with a tertiary amino group or a nitrogen atom-containing heterocyclic group. * Represents a bond.
- the carbon number of the alkyl group of R ⁇ , R ⁇ and R ⁇ is not particularly limited, but is usually 1 or more, preferably 20 or less, more preferably Is 10 or less, more preferably 2 or less. Within the above range, the dispersibility tends to be good.
- a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a cyclopentyl group, or a cyclohexyl group is preferable, a methyl group or an ethyl group is more preferable, and a methyl group is further preferable.
- the number of carbon atoms of the aryl group of R ⁇ , R ⁇ and R ⁇ is not particularly limited, but is usually 6 or more, preferably 30 or less, more preferably 20 or less, and still more preferably 15 or less. Within the above range, the dispersibility tends to be good. Specific examples include a phenyl group and a naphthyl group, and a phenyl group is preferable from the viewpoint of dispersibility.
- R ⁇ and R ⁇ may be the same or different, but are preferably the same from the viewpoint of dispersibility.
- alkyl groups and aryl groups may have are not particularly limited, but examples include hydroxyl groups; carboxyl groups; alkyl groups such as methyl groups, ethyl groups, propyl groups, and cyclohexyl groups; phenyl groups, etc.
- An aralkyl group such as a benzyl group.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 1 to 10, and further preferably 1 to 5.
- the alkyl group may be linear, branched or cyclic. Specific examples include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and the like.
- the number of carbon atoms of the aryl group is not particularly limited, but is preferably 6 to 20, and more preferably 6 to 10. Specific examples include a phenyl group and a naphthyl group.
- the number of carbon atoms in the aralkyl group is not particularly limited, but is preferably 7 to 20, more preferably 7 to 10. Specific examples include a benzyl group. Among these, a hydroxyl group, a methyl group, or an ethyl group is preferable from the viewpoint of not inhibiting pigment adsorption due to intermolecular steric hindrance.
- R ⁇ and R ⁇ are preferably each independently an alkyl group. Further, from the viewpoint of dispersibility, R ⁇ is preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group.
- the carbon number of the alkylene group which may have a substituent of R ⁇ , R ⁇ ′ , R ⁇ , R ⁇ , R ⁇ ′ and R ⁇ is Although not particularly limited, it is usually 1 or more, preferably 2 or more, preferably 30 or less, more preferably 20 or less, and still more preferably 15 or less. Within the above range, the dispersibility tends to be good.
- the alkylene group may be a chain or a ring, or may be a chain alkylene group and a cyclic alkylene group linked together. From the viewpoint of dispersibility, a chain alkylene group is preferable.
- Specific examples include a methylene group, a dimethylene group, a trimethylene group, a tetramethylene group, a cyclopentylenemethylene group, a cyclohexylenemethylene group, a cyclohexylenedimethylene group, and a cyclohexylenetrimethylene group. From the viewpoint of dispersibility, a methylene group, a dimethylene group, or a trimethylene group is preferable, and a dimethylene group or a trimethylene group is more preferable.
- R ⁇ , R ⁇ ′ , R ⁇ , R ⁇ , R ⁇ ′ and R ⁇ are alkylene groups which may have a substituent.
- Examples of the structure include the following structures.
- the number of carbon atoms of the group linked to the arylene group which may have a group is not particularly limited, but is usually 6 or more, preferably 7 or more, preferably 30 or less, more preferably 20 or less, still more preferably Is 15 or less. Within the above range, the dispersibility tends to be good.
- the number of alkylene groups is not particularly limited as long as it is 1 or more, but is preferably 3 or less from the viewpoint of dispersibility.
- a group in which two of the groups are linked via one of the alkylene groups which may have a substituent, and two of the alkylene groups which may have a substituent may have a substituent.
- Examples include a group linked through one of the arylene groups, and a group in which an alkylene group which may have a substituent and an arylene group which may have a substituent are alternately linked.
- the group represented by the above formula (b3) is preferable.
- R ⁇ , R ⁇ ′ , R ⁇ , R ⁇ , R ⁇ ′ and R ⁇ is a group in which the alkylene group and the arylene group are linked
- the formulas (2-1) to (2-1) Specific examples of the structure 2-3) include the following structures.
- R ⁇ or R ⁇ ′ may have a substituent as in (2-1-b), (2-2-b), (2-3-b), and the like. What is the group which connected the alkylene group and the arylene group which may have a substituent is preferable at a dispersible point.
- R ⁇ , R ⁇ , R ⁇ ′ , and R ⁇ are preferably alkylene groups from the viewpoint of dispersibility.
- the carbon number of the arylene group which may have a substituent of R ⁇ , R ⁇ ′ , R ⁇ , R ⁇ , R ⁇ ′ and R ⁇ is Although not particularly limited, it is usually 6 or more, preferably 30 or less, more preferably 20 or less, and still more preferably 15 or less. Within the above range, the dispersibility tends to be good. Specific examples include a phenylene group and a naphthylene group, and a phenylene group is preferable from the viewpoint of dispersibility.
- R ⁇ or R ⁇ ′ is an arylene group, such as (2-1-c), (2-2-2-c), or (2-3-c), are dispersible. This is preferable.
- the alkylene group, arylene group, alkylene group and arylene group of R ⁇ , R ⁇ ′ , R ⁇ , R ⁇ , R ⁇ ′ and R ⁇ are connected.
- the substituent that the group may have is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, and a cyclohexyl group; an aryl group such as a phenyl group; and an aralkyl group such as a benzyl group.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 1 to 10, and further preferably 1 to 5.
- the alkyl group may be linear, branched or cyclic. Specific examples include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and the like.
- the number of carbon atoms of the aryl group is not particularly limited, but is preferably 6 to 20, and more preferably 6 to 10. Specific examples include a phenyl group and a naphthyl group.
- the number of carbon atoms in the aralkyl group is not particularly limited, but is preferably 7 to 20, more preferably 7 to 10. Specific examples include a benzyl group. Among these, a methyl group is preferable from the viewpoint of easy handling and dispersibility.
- R ⁇ , R ⁇ ′ and R ⁇ are each independently an alkylene group which may have a substituent, or a group in which the alkylene group and the arylene group are linked
- the alkylene group is At least a part of the constituting methylene group is substituted with at least one bond selected from the group consisting of an ester bond, an ether bond, a urethane bond, a urea bond, an amide bond, an imide bond, a thiourethane bond, a thioether bond, and a thioester bond.
- preferable bonds include those in which at least a part of the methylene group constituting the alkylene group is substituted with a urethane bond or an ester bond from the viewpoint of dispersibility.
- R ⁇ in the formula (2-1) is a group in which the alkylene group and the arylene group are linked, and a part of the methylene group constituting the alkylene group is a urethane bond. It is preferable that the compound is substituted by the above formula (2-1-d ′).
- R ⁇ and R ⁇ in the formula (2-2) are alkylene groups, and at least part of the methylene groups constituting at least one of the alkylene groups is substituted with an ester bond. It is preferable that the compound is represented by the above formula (2-2-d) or (2-2-d ′).
- R ⁇ ′ , R ⁇ and R ⁇ ′ in the formula (2-3) are all the same as those in the formula (2-3-a), which is an unsubstituted alkylene group.
- R ⁇ ′ in the formula (2-3) is an alkylene group or a group in which the alkylene group and the arylene group are linked, and a part of the methylene group constituting the alkylene group is a urethane bond, thio
- Those represented by the above formula (2-3-d) or (2-3-d ′) substituted with a urethane bond, an ester bond or a thioether bond are also preferably used.
- R ⁇ may be urea-bonded with at least any one adjacent N atom via a —NH— (C ⁇ O) — group, or an amide bond via a carbonyl group. You may do it.
- R ⁇ in the formula (2-1) is urea-bonded through an —NH— (C ⁇ O) — group together with an N atom bonded to R ⁇ and R ⁇ . It is preferable.
- Specific examples of the structures of the formulas (2-1) and (2-2) in such a case include the following structures.
- R ⁇ ′ may be urea-bonded with an adjacent N atom via a —NH— (C ⁇ O) — group, or may be amide-bonded via a carbonyl group.
- R ⁇ ′ may be urea-bonded with an adjacent N atom via a —NH— (C ⁇ O) — group, or may be amide-bonded via a carbonyl group.
- Examples of the specific structure of the formula (2-3) in such a case include the following structures.
- R ⁇ may be urea-bonded with an adjacent N atom via a —NH— (C ⁇ O) — group, or may be amide-bonded via a carbonyl group.
- Specific examples of the structure of the formula (2-2) in such a case include the following structures.
- R ⁇ is an alkyl group or an aryl group
- at least one of its hydrogen atoms may be substituted with a tertiary amino group or a nitrogen atom-containing heterocyclic group.
- Examples of the specific structure of the formula (2-3) in such a case include the following structures.
- R ⁇ is preferably a group in which the alkylene group and the arylene group are linked.
- at least a part of the methylene group constituting the alkylene group is a urethane group. It is preferably substituted with a bond, and is preferably urea-bonded with an adjacent N atom via a —NH— (C ⁇ O) — group.
- R ⁇ and R ⁇ are preferably alkylene groups. Specific examples thereof include the above formula (2-1-e) shown below.
- R ⁇ is preferably an alkylene group, and in this case, at least a part of the methylene group constituting the alkylene group is substituted with an ester bond.
- R ⁇ and R ⁇ are preferably alkylene groups. Specific examples thereof include the formula (2-1-d) shown below.
- R ⁇ is preferably a group in which the alkylene group and the arylene group are linked.
- at least a part of the methylene group constituting the alkylene group Is preferably substituted with a urethane bond, and is preferably urea-bonded with an adjacent N atom via a —NH— (C ⁇ O) — group.
- R ⁇ is preferably an alkylene group. Specific examples thereof include the formula (2-2-e) shown below.
- R ⁇ is preferably an alkylene group. In this case, at least a part of the methylene group constituting the alkylene group is substituted with an ester bond. Is preferred. In this case, R ⁇ is preferably an alkylene group. Specific examples thereof include the above formula (2-2-d) shown below.
- R ⁇ is preferably an alkylene group.
- R ⁇ is preferably an alkylene group, and at least a part of the methylene group constituting the alkylene group is preferably substituted with an ester bond.
- Specific examples thereof include the formula (2-2-d ′) shown below.
- R ⁇ ′ and R ⁇ are preferably alkylene groups, and R ⁇ ′ is preferably a direct bond or an alkylene group.
- R ⁇ is a hydrogen atom. It is preferable that Specific examples thereof include the above formula (2-3-a) shown below.
- R ⁇ ′ is preferably a group in which the alkylene group and the arylene group are linked. In this case, at least one methylene group constituting the alkylene group is preferred. The part is preferably substituted with a urethane bond and / or a thiourethane bond.
- R ⁇ is preferably an alkylene group
- R ⁇ ′ is preferably a direct bond.
- R ⁇ is preferably a hydrogen atom. Specific examples thereof include the formula (2-3-d) shown below.
- R ⁇ ′ is preferably an alkylene group. In this case, at least a part of the methylene group constituting the alkylene group is substituted with an ester bond or a thioether bond. It is preferable that In this case, R ⁇ is preferably an alkylene group, and R ⁇ ′ is preferably a direct bond. R ⁇ is preferably a hydrogen atom. Specific examples thereof include the formula (2-3-d ′) shown below.
- R ⁇ , R ⁇ , N and R ⁇ are adsorbing groups composed of tertiary amino groups.
- R ⁇ , R ⁇ , N and R ⁇ in the above formula (2-2) are adsorbing groups composed of tertiary amino groups.
- R ⁇ , R ⁇ , N and R ⁇ ′ in the formula (2-3) are adsorbing groups composed of tertiary amino groups.
- * in the formula represents a bond with a carbonyl group of a urethane bond or a urea bond in the polyurethane skeleton.
- the partial structure represented by the formulas (2-1) to (2-3) and the other adsorbing group-containing partial structure or the solvosolvent-containing partial structure are represented by the formula (i).
- the adsorptive groups contained in the formulas (2-1) to (2-3) can be bonded to the main chain of the polyurethane dispersant (b-1).
- partial structures represented by the following formulas (2-1 ′) to (2-3 ′) are preferred.
- R ⁇ to R ⁇ and * are synonymous with those in the formula (2-1).
- R A and X ⁇ have the same meanings as in formula (1 ′).
- R ⁇ to R ⁇ and * have the same meanings as those in the formula (2-2).
- R A and X ⁇ have the same meanings as in formula (1 ′).
- R ⁇ to R ⁇ and * are synonymous with those in the formula (2-3).
- R A and X ⁇ have the same meanings as in formula (1 ′).
- a nitrogen atom-containing heterocyclic group is an adsorbing group.
- the specific adsorbing group is preferably a pendant type present as a side chain with respect to the main chain polyurethane skeleton, rather than being present in the main chain polyurethane skeleton.
- the nitrogen atom in the adsorbing group is bonded with at least one atom separated from the closest atom on the polyurethane skeleton of the main chain. That is, an adsorbing group bonded to the main chain is preferable.
- the nitrogen atom in the specific adsorbing group is separated from the closest atom on the polyurethane skeleton of the main chain by at least two atoms, and the nitrogen atom of the specific adsorbing group is It is particularly preferred that it is separated from the closest atoms on the polyurethane skeleton by at least 3 atoms.
- the nitrogen atoms in the adsorbing group are preferably separated by 20 or less atoms from the closest atom on the main chain polyurethane skeleton, and more preferably by 10 or less atoms.
- the number of atoms between the closest atom on the polyurethane skeleton of the main chain and the nitrogen atom of a specific adsorbing group may be referred to as “the number of intervening atoms”.
- the nitrogen atom in the adsorptive group is separated by one carbon atom from the carbon atom of the methine group in the polyurethane skeleton as described below. It will be a thing.
- the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) can have, for example, the above-mentioned adsorptive group-containing partial structure, can have one kind of the above-mentioned adsorptive group-containing partial structure, It can also have two or more types.
- all of the adsorptive groups can be made to have a tertiary amino group-containing partial structure, and similarly, all of the adsorptive groups can also be made to have a quaternary ammonium base-containing partial structure. It can also be a heterocyclic group-containing partial structure.
- the adsorptive groups are tertiary amino groups.
- it may have two or more types of tertiary amino groups, but from the viewpoint of dispersibility, it preferably has one type of tertiary amino group, and the above formulas (1) and (2-1) ) To (2-3), it is more preferable to have any one type of tertiary amino group-containing partial structure selected from the group (III), and to have a tertiary amino group-containing partial structure represented by the formula (2-1). Further preferred.
- quaternary ammonium bases can be made by quaternizing ammonium quaternary amino groups with quaternizing agents, but impurities derived from quaternizing agents when all tertiary amino groups are quaternized ammonium basified. From the viewpoint of suppressing the generation of impurities, it is often assumed that a tertiary amino group is partially left and a tertiary amino group and a quaternary ammonium base coexist. .
- the content ratio is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of dispersibility, the content ratio of the quaternary ammonium base-containing partial structure to the tertiary amino group-containing partial structure is 1 mol% or more is preferable, 5 mol% or more is more preferable, 10 mol% or more is more preferable, 99 mol% or less is preferable, and 95 mol% or less is preferable. More preferably, it is more preferably 80 mol% or less, still more preferably 60 mol% or less, particularly preferably 40 mol% or less, and most preferably 30 mol% or less.
- the content of the adsorptive group-containing partial structure in the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) is preferably 5% by mass or more, more preferably 10% by mass or more. More preferably, it is 90% by mass or less, more preferably 50% by mass or less, further preferably 40% by mass or less, and further preferably 30% by mass or less. It is particularly preferred.
- the content of the specific adsorbing group is preferably 0.001 mol or more, more preferably 0.01 mol or more, further preferably 0.05 mol or more, relative to 100 g of the polyurethane dispersant (b-1). Moreover, 0.8 mol or less is preferable, 0.4 mol or less is more preferable, and 0.2 mol or less is further more preferable.
- the ratio of the specific adsorbing group with respect to 100 g of the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) is expressed in units of “mol / 100 g” as the specific adsorbing group content.
- the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) contains a solvophilic group.
- the type of the parent solvent group possessed by the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) is not particularly limited as long as it is compatible with the solvent.
- the solvent group preferably contains at least one of a polyether chain and a polyester chain from the viewpoint of dispersibility.
- the solvent group that is close from the viewpoint of dispersibility includes at least one of a polyether chain and a polyester chain, and is bonded to the main chain. Is preferred.
- the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) preferably includes a solvent group-containing partial structure containing the solvent group, and from the viewpoint of dispersibility as described above, the solvent group-containing partial structures or the adsorbing group-containing structure
- the partial structure and the solvophilic group-containing partial structure are preferably connected by the partial structure represented by the formula (i).
- the specific partial structure of the solvosolvent-containing partial structure is not particularly limited, but partial structures represented by the following formulas (3-1) to (3-3) are preferable.
- R ⁇ and the O atom are solvophilic groups, and the others are bonding portions with the solvophilic groups.
- R ⁇ represents a polyether chain and / or a polyester chain.
- R ⁇ , R ⁇ and R ⁇ are each independently an alkylene group which may have a substituent, an arylene group which may have a substituent, or a group in which the alkylene group and the arylene group are linked. Represents.
- R ⁇ is an alkylene group which may have a substituent, or a group in which the alkylene group and the arylene group are linked
- at least a part of the methylene group constituting the alkylene group is an ester bond
- It may be substituted with at least one bond selected from the group consisting of an ether bond, urethane bond, urea bond, amide bond, imide bond, thiourethane bond, thioether bond, and thioester bond.
- R ⁇ may be urea-bonded with one adjacent N atom via a —NH— (C ⁇ O) — group, or may be amide-bonded via a carbonyl group.
- R ⁇ may be urethane-bonded with one adjacent O atom via a —NH— (C ⁇ O) — group, or may be ester-bonded via a carbonyl group. * Represents a bond.
- R ⁇ represents a polyether chain and / or a polyester chain.
- R ⁇ and R ⁇ each independently represent an alkylene group which may have a substituent, an arylene group which may have a substituent, or a group in which the alkylene group and the arylene group are linked.
- R ⁇ and R ⁇ are each independently an alkylene group which may have a substituent, or a group in which the alkylene group and the arylene group are linked
- at least a methylene group constituting the alkylene group A part may be substituted with at least one bond selected from the group consisting of an ester bond, an ether bond, a urethane bond, a urea bond, an amide bond, an imide bond, a thiourethane bond, a thioether bond, and a thioester bond.
- R ⁇ and R ⁇ may be urea-bonded with one adjacent N atom via a —NH— (C ⁇ O) — group, or may be amide-bonded via a carbonyl group. Good. R ⁇ may be urethane-bonded with one adjacent O atom via a —NH— (C ⁇ O) — group, or may be ester-bonded via a carbonyl group. * Represents a bond.
- R ⁇ represents a polyether chain and / or a polyester chain.
- R ⁇ ′ and R ⁇ each independently represent an alkylene group which may have a substituent, an arylene group which may have a substituent, or a group in which the alkylene group and the arylene group are linked.
- R ⁇ ′ is an alkylene group which may have a substituent, or a group in which the alkylene group and the arylene group are linked
- at least a part of the methylene group constituting the alkylene group is an ester bond.
- R ⁇ ′ may be urethane-bonded with one adjacent O atom via a —NH— (C ⁇ O) — group, or may be ester-bonded via a carbonyl group.
- R ⁇ ′ represents a direct bond, an alkylene group which may have a substituent, an arylene group which may have a substituent, or a group in which the alkylene group and the arylene group are linked.
- R ⁇ ′ represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group which may have a substituent, or an aryl group which may have a substituent. However, when R ⁇ ′ is an alkyl group which may have a substituent or an aryl group which may have a substituent, at least one of the hydrogen atoms is R ⁇ —O—R ⁇ ′ —. May be substituted. * Represents a bond.
- the carbon number of the alkylene group which may have a substituent in R ⁇ , R ⁇ ′ , R ⁇ , R ⁇ , R ⁇ ′ , and R ⁇ is not particularly limited, but is usually 1 or more, preferably 2 In addition, it is preferably 20 or less, more preferably 15 or less, and still more preferably 7 or less. Within the above range, the dispersibility tends to be good.
- a methylene group is mentioned, and from the viewpoint of dispersibility, a dimethylene group, a trimethylene group, a tetramethylene group, a pentamethylene group, or a hexamethylene group is preferable, and a trimethylene group, a tetramethylene group, or a pentamethylene group is preferable. It is more preferable.
- carbon of a group in which the alkylene group and the arylene group of R ⁇ , R ⁇ ′ , R ⁇ , R ⁇ , R ⁇ ′ and R ⁇ are connected to each other.
- the number is not particularly limited, it is usually 6 or more, preferably 7 or more, preferably 30 or less, more preferably 20 or less, and further preferably 15 or less. Within the above range, the dispersibility tends to be good. Further, the number of alkylene groups is not particularly limited as long as it is 1 or more, but is preferably 3 or less from the viewpoint of dispersibility.
- Specific examples of the group connecting the alkylene group and the arylene group include groups represented by the formulas (b1) to (b5).
- the number of carbon atoms of the arylene group which may have a substituent in R ⁇ , R ⁇ ′ , R ⁇ , R ⁇ , R ⁇ ′ , and R ⁇ is not particularly limited, but is usually 6 or more and preferably Is 30 or less, more preferably 20 or less, and still more preferably 15 or less. Within the above range, the dispersibility tends to be good. Specific examples include a phenylene group and a naphthylene group, and a phenylene group is preferable from the viewpoint of dispersibility.
- R ⁇ and R ⁇ ′ are preferably an alkylene group, an arylene group, or a group in which the alkylene group and the arylene group are linked, and R ⁇ , R ⁇ , R ⁇ ′.
- R ⁇ is preferably an alkylene group.
- the arylene group which may have, and the substituent which the group connecting the alkylene group and the arylene group may have is not particularly limited, but alkyl groups such as methyl group, ethyl group and cyclohexyl group; An aryl group such as a phenyl group; an aralkyl group such as a benzyl group;
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 1 to 10, and further preferably 1 to 5.
- the alkyl group may be linear, branched or cyclic. Specific examples include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and the like.
- the number of carbon atoms of the aryl group is not particularly limited, but is preferably 6 to 20, and more preferably 6 to 10. Specific examples include a phenyl group and a naphthyl group.
- the number of carbon atoms in the aralkyl group is not particularly limited, but is preferably 7 to 20, more preferably 7 to 10. Specific examples include a benzyl group. Among these, an alkyl group is preferable and a methyl group is more preferable from the viewpoint of easy handling and dispersibility.
- R ⁇ , R ⁇ ′ and R ⁇ are each independently an alkylene group which may have a substituent, or a group in which the alkylene group and the arylene group are linked
- the alkylene group is At least a part of the constituting methylene group is substituted with at least one bond selected from the group consisting of an ester bond, an ether bond, a urethane bond, a urea bond, an amide bond, an imide bond, a thiourethane bond, a thioether bond, and a thioester bond. May be.
- the R gamma is mentioned urethane bond or an ester bond, the R gamma 'is thiourethane bond, a urethane bond or an ester bond.
- R ⁇ is preferably not substituted.
- R ⁇ in the formulas (3-1) and (3-2) is an alkylene group or a group in which the alkylene group and the arylene group are linked, and the alkylene group is Those in which a part of the constituting methylene group is substituted with a urethane bond or an ester bond are preferred. Specific examples thereof include the following.
- R ⁇ ′ is a group in which the alkylene group and the arylene group are linked, and a part of the methylene group constituting the alkylene group is a urethane bond and / or thiol.
- the thing substituted by the urethane bond is mentioned. Specific examples thereof include the following.
- R ⁇ and R ⁇ may each independently be urea-bonded with an adjacent N atom via a —NH— (C ⁇ O) — group, or via a carbonyl group.
- An amide bond may be present.
- R ⁇ is urea-bonded with an adjacent N atom via an —NH— (C ⁇ O) — group, and in R ⁇ It is preferable not to intervene with the adjacent N atom.
- R ⁇ and R ⁇ ′ may be independently urethane-bonded with one adjacent O atom via a —NH— (C ⁇ O) — group, or via a carbonyl group. It may be ester-bonded.
- R ⁇ in the above formulas (3-1) and (3-2) is an alkylene group or an arylene group, and through an —NH— (C ⁇ O) — group, It is preferable to form a urea bond with the adjacent N atom. Further, it is preferable to form a urethane bond with one adjacent O atom via a —NH— (C ⁇ O) — group, and it is preferable to form an ester bond via a carbonyl group. Specific examples thereof include the following.
- R ⁇ ′ is a group in which the alkylene group and the arylene group are linked, and a part of the methylene group constituting the alkylene group is substituted with a thiourethane bond.
- those having a urethane bond with one adjacent O atom via a —NH— (C ⁇ O) — group can be mentioned. Specific examples thereof are listed below.
- R ⁇ ′ represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group which may have a substituent, or an aryl group which may have a substituent. However, when R ⁇ ′ is an alkyl group or an aryl group, at least one of its hydrogen atoms may be substituted with R ⁇ —O—R ⁇ ′ —.
- the carbon number of the alkyl group in R ⁇ ′ is not particularly limited, but is usually 1 or more, preferably 2 or more, preferably 20 or less, more preferably 10 or less, and further preferably 6 or less. Within the above range, the dispersibility tends to be good.
- Specific examples include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, and a cyclooctyl group.
- a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a cyclopentyl group, or a cyclohexyl group more preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a cyclohexyl group, and a methyl group or a cyclohexyl group. Is more preferable.
- the number of carbon atoms of the aryl group in R ⁇ ′ is not particularly limited, but is usually 6 or more, preferably 30 or less, more preferably 20 or less, and still more preferably 15 or less. Within the above range, the dispersibility tends to be good. Specific examples include a phenyl group and a naphthyl group, and a phenyl group is preferable from the viewpoint of dispersibility.
- alkyl groups and aryl groups may have are not particularly limited, but examples include hydroxyl groups; carboxyl groups; alkyl groups such as methyl groups, ethyl groups, propyl groups, and cyclohexyl groups: phenyl groups, etc.
- An aralkyl group such as a benzyl group.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 1 to 10, and further preferably 1 to 5.
- the alkyl group may be linear, branched or cyclic. Specific examples include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and the like.
- the number of carbon atoms of the aryl group is not particularly limited, but is preferably 6 to 20, and more preferably 6 to 10. Specific examples include a phenyl group and a naphthyl group.
- the number of carbon atoms in the aralkyl group is not particularly limited, but is preferably 7 to 20, more preferably 7 to 10. Specific examples include a benzyl group. Among these, a hydroxyl group, a methyl group or an ethyl group is preferable from the viewpoint of suppressing adsorption inhibition to the pigment.
- R ⁇ ′ is preferably a hydrogen atom from the viewpoint of dispersibility.
- Examples of the polyether chain of R ⁇ include those represented by the following formula (3-4).
- Examples of the polyester chain include those represented by the following formula (3-5) or (3-6).
- R b represents an alkyl group which may have a substituent
- R c represents an alkylene group which may have a substituent
- n represents an integer of 1 to 100. * Represents a bond with an adjacent O atom.
- R b ′ represents an alkyl group which may have a substituent
- R c ′ represents an alkylene group which may have a substituent.
- n represents an integer of 1 to 100. * Represents a bond with an adjacent O atom.
- the carbon number of the alkyl group for R b is not particularly limited, but is usually 1 or more, preferably 50 or less, more preferably 10 or less, and still more preferably 6 or less. Within the above range, the dispersibility tends to be good.
- Specific examples include a methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, butyl group, pentyl group, hexyl group, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, cycloheptyl group, and cyclooctyl group.
- a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, or a butyl group is preferable, a methyl group or an ethyl group is more preferable, and a methyl group is further preferable.
- the substituent that the alkyl group may have is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a hydroxyl group; a carboxyl group; an alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, and a cyclohexyl group; an aryl group such as a phenyl group; And an aralkyl group such as a group.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 1 to 10, and further preferably 1 to 5.
- the alkyl group may be linear, branched or cyclic. Specific examples include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and the like.
- the number of carbon atoms of the aryl group is not particularly limited, but is preferably 6 to 20, and more preferably 6 to 10. Specific examples include a phenyl group and a naphthyl group.
- the number of carbon atoms in the aralkyl group is not particularly limited, but is preferably 7 to 20, more preferably 7 to 10. Specific examples include a benzyl group. Among these, a hydroxyl group, a methyl group, or an ethyl group is preferable from the viewpoint of contribution to alkali developability or contribution to substrate adhesion.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkylene group in R c is not particularly limited, but is usually 1 or more, preferably 2 or more, preferably 20 or less, more preferably 15 or less, and even more preferably 7 or less. Within the above range, the dispersibility tends to be good.
- Specific examples include a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propylene group, an isopropylene group, a butylene group, a cyclopentylenemethylene group, a cyclohexylenemethylene group, a cyclohexyleneethylene group, and a cyclohexylenepropylene group.
- a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propylene group, an isopropylene group, or a butylene group is preferable, and an ethylene group, a propylene group, or an isopropylene group is more preferable.
- the substituent that the alkylene group may have is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include a hydroxyl group; a carboxyl group; an alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, and a cyclohexyl group; an aryl group such as a phenyl group; And an aralkyl group such as a group.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 1 to 10, and further preferably 1 to 5.
- the alkyl group may be linear, branched or cyclic. Specific examples include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and the like.
- the number of carbon atoms of the aryl group is not particularly limited, but is preferably 6 to 20, and more preferably 6 to 10. Specific examples include a phenyl group and a naphthyl group.
- the number of carbon atoms in the aralkyl group is not particularly limited, but is preferably 7 to 20, more preferably 7 to 10. Specific examples include a benzyl group. Among these, a hydroxyl group, a methyl group, or an ethyl group is preferable from the viewpoint of contribution to alkali developability or contribution to substrate adhesion.
- N is an integer of 1 to 100, but from the viewpoint of dispersibility, it is preferably 4 or more, more preferably 6 or more, and preferably 60 or less, more preferably 40 or less.
- the carbon number of the alkyl group for R b ′ is not particularly limited, but is usually 1 or more, preferably 2 or more, and preferably 50 or less, more preferably 40 or less.
- the alkyl group of Rb ′ preferably has 1 or more and 12 or less carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group of R b ′ preferably has 9 to 30 carbon atoms. Within the above range, the dispersibility tends to be good.
- the solvent (e) is a polar solvent
- a decan-1-yl group, an undecan-1-yl group, or a dodecan-1-yl group is preferred.
- the solvent (e) is a nonpolar solvent
- an octyl group, a nonan-1-yl group, a decan-1-yl group, an undecan-1-yl group, a dodecan-1-yl group, a tridecan-1-yl group A tetradecan-1-yl group, a pentadecan-1-yl group, an icosan-1-yl group or a triacontan-1-yl group is preferred.
- a decan-1-yl group, an undecan-1-yl group, a dodecan-1-yl group, or a tridecan-1-yl group is preferable.
- the substituent that the alkyl group may have is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a hydroxyl group; a carboxyl group; an alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, and a cyclohexyl group; an aryl group such as a phenyl group; And an aralkyl group such as a group. From the viewpoint of contribution to alkali developability or contribution to substrate adhesion, a hydroxyl group, methyl group or ethyl group is preferred.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkylene group in R c ′ is not particularly limited, but is usually 1 or more, preferably 2 or more, preferably 50 or less, more preferably 35 or less, and still more preferably 26 or less.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkylene group represented by R c ′ is preferably 1 or more and 8 or less.
- the alkylene group of R c ′ preferably has 9 or more and 26 or less carbon atoms. Within the above range, the dispersibility tends to be good.
- the solvent (e) is a polar solvent
- a methylene group, ethylene group, propylene group, isopropylene group, butylene group, pentylene group, hexylene group, heptylene group, or octylene group (or octamethylene group) is present. preferable.
- the solvent (e) is a nonpolar solvent
- an octamethylene group, a nonamethylene group, a decamethylene group, an undecamethylene group, a dodecamethylene group, a tridecamethylene group, a tetradecamethylene group, a pentadecamethylene group, an icosamethylene group, or A triacontamethylene group is preferred. These are preferably combined depending on the polarity of the solvent.
- a medium polar solvent such as propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, a propylene group, a butylene group, a pentylene group, or a hexylene group is preferable.
- examples of the polyester chain of R ⁇ include those represented by the above formula (3-5) or (3-6). From the viewpoint of ease of synthesis, the above formula (3-5) The thing represented by these is preferable.
- the formulas (3-1) to (3-3) are parent solvent groups bonded to the main chain, and * in the formula represents the main chain. This represents a bond with a carbonyl group of a urethane bond or urea bond in the polyurethane skeleton.
- the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) can have, for example, the above-described solvosolvent-containing partial structure, and can have one type of the solvosolvent-containing partial structure, It can also have two or more types. In particular, it is more preferable to have both a solvent group-containing partial structure having a polyether chain and a solvent group-containing partial structure having a polyester chain because the dispersion effect is further increased.
- the mass ratio of the solvent group-containing partial structure having a polyester chain to the solvent group-containing partial structure having a polyether chain is preferably 1/99 or more, more preferably 3/97 or more, and even more preferably 5/95 or more, Moreover, 99/1 or less is preferable, 97/3 or less is more preferable, and 95/5 or less is further more preferable.
- the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) preferably has any one partial structure selected from the above formulas (3-1) to (3-3). It is more preferable to have a partial structure represented by -1).
- the content ratio of the parent solvent group-containing partial structure in the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) is preferably 5% by mass or more, more preferably 10% by mass or more, It is further preferably 20% by mass or more, more preferably 30% by mass or more, particularly preferably 40% by mass or more, most preferably 50% by mass or more, and 90% by mass. Or less, more preferably 80% by mass or less, and even more preferably 70% by mass or less.
- the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) may have other functional groups in addition to the parent solvent group and the adsorption group.
- other functional groups include active energy ray-curable unsaturated groups. Specifically, unsaturated groups, such as a vinyl group, an acryloyl group, and a methacryloyl group, are mentioned, for example.
- the photosensitive composition has an active energy ray-curable unsaturated group, and thus the sensitivity tends to be improved.
- these functional groups react and gel when dispersed. Since there is a tendency, it is preferable not to have an active energy ray-curable unsaturated group in terms of pigment dispersion in consideration of stability over time.
- the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) used in the present invention is characterized by including a partial structure represented by the formula (i).
- the parent solvent group or the adsorption group in particular, the parent solvent group-containing partial structure or the adsorption group-containing partial structure can be arranged on a straight line. It is considered that the solubility and the adsorptivity to the whole pigment can be improved.
- the nitrogen atom in a urethane bond site also contributes to the adsorption of the pigment, and it is considered that the pigment adsorbability is further improved due to the synergistic effect with the adsorbing group.
- the parent solvent group includes a polyether chain and / or a polyester chain
- it spreads in the solvent in affinity with the solvent (e) in the photosensitive resin composition at that site, and the pigment is dispersed.
- the pigment is dispersed.
- it becomes a steric hindrance and tends to exhibit a function of preventing the pigment from aggregating.
- the chain portion is in the solvent. It tends to spread and the steric hindrance action becomes large, and the dispersibility tends to be good.
- both a solvent group having a polyether chain and a solvate group having a polyester chain it is preferable to have both a solvent group having a polyether chain and a solvate group having a polyester chain.
- the adsorbing group is preferably separated from the main chain polyurethane skeleton.
- the specific adsorbing group is separated from the linear polyurethane skeleton, it is considered that the steric hindrance during the adsorption of the pigment is reduced and the pigment adsorbing property tends to be further improved.
- this fine line shape is stably formed during alkali development, and the shape is stable with little thermal deformation even in the subsequent curing process by high-temperature heat treatment at 200 ° C. or higher. It is necessary to be kept.
- the photosensitive resin composition containing the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) has high resistance to an alkali developer due to the strong adsorption power between the pigment and the dispersant, the alkali development after ultraviolet irradiation is performed. Even when fine fine lines once formed are further immersed in an alkaline developer, the penetration of the developer into the portions of the fine lines that are in close contact with the substrate is suppressed, and the occurrence of intercalation occurs and peels off. It is considered that the taper shape is prevented from being deformed and eroded. In addition, after development, even when cured at a high temperature of 200 ° C. or higher, the adsorption of the pigment and the dispersant is not weakened, and the fine fine wire shape is considered to be kept stable because of less thermal deformation. .
- the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) has a partial structure represented by the formula (i), it is easily adsorbed on the entire pigment as described above, and the pigment is formed at the urethane bond or adsorbing group portion. It is thought that it can be adsorbed strongly and encapsulate the pigment.
- the solvent group when the solvent group includes a polyether chain and / or a polyester chain, the solvent group has a function of spreading outside the pigment, and in the process of producing a color filter, an alkali is used. There is a tendency to be well compatible with and entangled with a soluble resin or a photopolymerizable monomer cross-linked by ultraviolet rays.
- the resistance to alkaline developer and the resistance to high temperature processing are improved by the pigment adsorbing property and the solvent affinity of the polyurethane dispersant (b-1).
- it is effective in a photosensitive resin composition having a high pigment content such as carbon black, in which ultraviolet rays do not easily reach the deep part and the deep part is weakly cured.
- an oxime ester photopolymerization initiator (c-1) that has both light absorption and radical generation and is highly sensitive in a small amount is combined with a polyurethane dispersant (b-1).
- a polyurethane dispersant b-1
- the crosslinking of the photopolymerizable monomer or alkali-soluble resin by ultraviolet irradiation is promoted, and the entanglement between these and the parent solvent group of the polyurethane dispersant becomes stronger, and the alkali development resistance and heat resistance are improved. It is considered that a fine fine wire shape can be stably formed.
- the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) includes both a solvent group having a polyether chain and a solvent group having a polyester chain, they are compatible with a polymer alkali-soluble resin or a photopolymerizable monomer crosslinked with ultraviolet rays.
- the resistance to alkali developer and the resistance to high temperature processing tend to be improved.
- the polyether chain has a long-chain alkylene oxide, it is more preferable because it is more compatible with the alkali-soluble resin or the photopolymerizable monomer and becomes easily entangled, improving the alkali resistance and heat resistance.
- the adsorbing group is preferably separated from the main chain polyurethane skeleton.
- the steric hindrance when the adsorbing group adsorbs to the pigment is reduced, and the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) can easily take in the pigment. Resistance to high temperature and high temperature processing tends to increase.
- the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) can be produced using, for example, a diisocyanate compound.
- the adsorbing group is a compound having two or more adsorbing groups that do not react with the isocyanate group (hereinafter referred to as “the functional group that reacts with the isocyanate group”). It may be referred to as “adsorbing group-introducing compound”).
- a linear structure polyurethane skeleton can be formed by reacting and bonding the adsorbing group-introducing compound and the diisocyanate compound.
- the adsorbing group contained in the adsorbing group-introducing compound is an adsorbing group that adsorbs to the pigment that is the coloring material (a) in the photosensitive resin composition.
- the adsorbing group is contained in the polyurethane skeleton, and the pendant adsorbing group bonded to the main polyurethane skeleton becomes a side chain of the polyurethane skeleton. There is a case.
- the urethane bond in the polyurethane skeleton of the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) is also adsorbed to the pigment, but further has an adsorbing group that adsorbs to the pigment surface and is incorporated into the polyurethane skeleton, or the side chain of the polyurethane skeleton By becoming a pendant type adsorbing group, a better pigment adsorbing property is exhibited.
- the adsorbing group is preferably a pendant type adsorbing group because the steric hindrance during the adsorption of the pigment tends to be small. Details of these will be described later.
- the parent solvent group contained in the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) reacts with an isocyanate group by using a compound having two hydroxyl groups, imino groups or thiol groups only at one end thereof. Can be bonded to the polyurethane skeleton.
- the polyether chain of the solvophilic group preferably contained in the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) is obtained by using a compound having two hydroxyl groups, imino groups or thiol groups only at one end thereof.
- the group can be bonded to the polyurethane skeleton by reacting with an isocyanate group.
- an isocyanate group When there is a group that reacts with an isocyanate group at the other end, it is preferable to replace this group with an alkyl group so as not to react with the isocyanate group.
- the polyether side chain of the parent solvent group is bonded. Can be formed. Details of these will be described later.
- a polyester chain that is preferably contained in a parent solvent group also reacts with an isocyanate group by using a compound having two hydroxyl groups, imino groups, or thiol groups only at one end thereof. Can be bonded to the polyurethane skeleton. When there is a group that reacts with an isocyanate group at the other end, it is preferable not to react with the isocyanate group by substitution.
- the polyester side chain of the solvophilic group can be formed by bonding to the diisocyanate compound only at one end and bonding in the horizontal direction from the polyurethane skeleton of the main chain. These details will also be described later.
- the polyurethane skeleton that is the main chain of the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) is preferably essentially linear.
- the polyisocyanate compound for forming this linear polyurethane skeleton it is preferable to use a diisocyanate compound (ba) having two isocyanate groups as described above.
- the diisocyanate compound (ba), the adsorption group-introducing compound (bb) having two functional groups that react with the isocyanate group and having one or more adsorption groups, and only at one end By bonding a compound (bc) having two functional groups that react with an isocyanate group and containing a parent solvent group, the main chain was bonded to a straight-chain urethane skeleton.
- a polyurethane dispersant (b-1) having a solvophilic group and an adsorption group can be obtained.
- the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) is a graft polymer in which the polyurethane skeleton is a backbone polymer and the solvophilic group is a branch polymer, and is bonded to or in the main chain of the linear polyurethane skeleton of the backbone polymer. It is preferable to have a specific adsorbing group.
- diisocyanate compound constituting polyurethane skeleton examples include toluene diisocyanate (TDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), hexane diisocyanate (HDI), ⁇ , ⁇ -tetramethylxylene diisocyanate (TMXDI), diphenylmethane-4,4′-diisocyanate ( 4,4′-MDI), diphenylmethane-2,4′-diisocyanate (2,4′-MDI) or dicyclohexylmethane-4,4′-diisocyanate (HMDI), or a mixture of these diisocyanate compounds. Preferably there is.
- any of TDI, IPDI and MDI is preferable, and TDI and / or MDI is more preferable.
- diisocyanate compound (ba) diisocyanate compounds other than the above specific examples can also be used.
- * represents a bond with an oxygen atom in a urethane bond or a nitrogen atom in a urea bond.
- any diisocyanate compound having two isocyanates can be used as the diisocyanate compound (ba) for introducing a linear polyurethane structure into the polyurethane dispersant (b-1).
- Compound (bb) Compound having two functional groups that react with isocyanate groups and at least one adsorption group
- the adsorbing group contained in the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) is an adsorbing group-introducing compound (b) having two functional groups that react with an isocyanate group in order to form a polyurethane skeleton with the diisocyanate compound (ba). -B).
- the functional group that reacts with the isocyanate group is preferably a hydroxyl group or an imino group.
- one is a hydroxyl group and the other is an imino group, or both are more preferably a hydroxyl group, and both are hydroxyl groups. More preferably it is.
- the basic group preferably does not react with the isocyanate group.
- the compound having this type of basic group include aliphatic tertiary amines, hindered aromatic amines, and alicyclic or aromatic nitrogen heterocyclic compounds.
- the hindered aromatic amine include phenylamine having a steric hindrance group at the 2-position and / or the 6-position thereof.
- the compound (bb) capable of introducing the partial structure represented by the formula (1) into the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) is such that two functional groups that react with the isocyanate group are both hydroxyl groups. Is mentioned. These two hydroxyl groups and two isocyanate groups of the diisocyanate compound (ba) are urethane-bonded. Specific examples will be described later.
- the compound (bb) capable of introducing the partial structure represented by the formula (2-1) into the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) is such that both of the two functional groups that react with the isocyanate group are hydroxyl groups. These two hydroxyl groups and the two isocyanate groups of the diisocyanate compound (ba) are urethane-bonded. Specific examples will be described later.
- the compound (bb) capable of introducing the partial structure represented by the formula (2-2) into the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) is an N atom in the partial structure represented by the formula (2-2).
- These include those having an imino group in which a bond is bonded to a hydrogen atom and a hydroxyl group in which a bond of an O atom is bonded to a hydrogen atom.
- the imino group and hydroxyl group and the two isocyanate groups of the diisocyanate compound (ba) form a urea bond and a urethane bond, respectively. Specific examples will be described later.
- the compound (bb) in which the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) can contain the partial structure represented by the formula (2-3) is such that both of the two functional groups that react with the isocyanate group are hydroxyl groups. These two hydroxyl groups and the two isocyanate groups of the diisocyanate compound (ba) are urethane-bonded. Specific examples will be described later.
- N-methyldiethanolamine NMDA
- N-phenyldiethanolamine NPDA
- the structure exemplified in the lower right can be introduced into the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) from the compound exemplified in the lower left.
- any one having a partial structure represented by the formula (1) and having a hydroxyl group at the terminal can be applied to the synthesis of the polyurethane dispersant (b-1).
- it can replace with a hydroxyl group and a similar polyurethane compound can be obtained also by using what has a thiol group or an amino group.
- * represents a bond with a carbonyl group of a urethane bond in the polyurethane skeleton of the main chain.
- adsorption group-introducing compounds (bb) compounds that can introduce the partial structure represented by the formula (2-1), (2-2), or (2-3) into the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) Is preferable for the reasons described in the above ⁇ Dispersibility improvement effect> and ⁇ Formation of high fine fine lines by improvement in alkali developer resistance and heat resistance>.
- the adsorptive group-introducing compound (bb) that introduces the partial structure represented by the formula (2-1), (2-2), or (2-3) into the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) is preferably It has a hydroxyl group and / or an imino group and is bonded to two isocyanate groups of the diisocyanate compound (ba) by a urethane bond and / or a urea bond to form a polyurethane skeleton.
- the nitrogen atom of the tertiary amine is separated from the closest atom on the polyurethane skeleton by at least one atom.
- Such a tertiary amine bonded laterally away from the main-chain linear structure polyurethane skeleton tends to have a better adsorption function on the pigment surface.
- a tertiary amine may be quaternized partially or entirely to form a quaternary ammonium salt.
- Examples of the quaternary ammonium salt include R ⁇ , R ⁇ , R A , N + in the partial structure represented by the formula (2-1 ′), (2-2 ′), or (2-3 ′). And an adsorbing group which is R ⁇ (R ⁇ ′ ).
- the adsorbing group is separated from the polyurethane skeleton by bonding to the polyurethane skeleton, so that the nitrogen atom of the quaternary ammonium base is separated from the closest atom on the polyurethane skeleton by at least one atom. It seems to be.
- adsorbing group-introducing compounds (bb) specific examples of compounds that can introduce the partial structure represented by the formula (2-1) into the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) are as follows.
- a polyurethane dispersant (b-1) may be used as long as it contains a partial structure represented by the formula (2-1) and has two functional groups that react with isocyanate groups at its ends. ) Can be applied.
- the partial structure represented by the formula (2-1) is obtained from a compound (b-b1) having at least one tertiary amino group and one hydroxyl group. Specific examples of the reaction are as follows.
- the hydroxyl group of the compound (b-b1) is reacted with one isocyanate group of a compound containing two isocyanate groups such as toluene diisocyanate.
- the other isocyanate group is reacted with a secondary amino group in a compound containing one secondary amino group such as diethanolamine and at least two active hydroxyl groups.
- two hydroxyl groups can be introduced into the compound (b-b1).
- the structure exemplified in the lower right can be introduced into the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) from the compound exemplified in the lower left. This corresponds to the partial structure represented by the above formula (2-1).
- * represents a bond with a carbonyl group of a urethane bond in the polyurethane skeleton of the main chain.
- the compound for introducing the partial structure represented by the formula (2-1) can also be obtained by the following method. Specifically, a compound having at least one tertiary amino group and having an ethylenically unsaturated group, and a compound containing one secondary amino group such as diethanolamine and at least two active hydroxyl groups. Add a secondary amino group and Michael.
- the structure exemplified in the lower right can be introduced into the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) from the compound exemplified in the lower left. This corresponds to the partial structure represented by the above formula (2-1).
- * represents a bond with a carbonyl group of a urethane bond in the polyurethane skeleton of the main chain.
- a compound for introducing a partial structure represented by the formula (2-1) can also be obtained by the following method.
- a compound having a tertiary amino group and one hydroxyl group is reacted with a compound having an isocyanate group and an acryloyloxy group, and the compound having a tertiary amino group is unsaturated by urethane bonding between the hydroxyl group and the isocyanate group.
- a group can be introduced and Michael is added to the secondary amino group of diethanolamine.
- two hydroxyl groups can be introduced.
- * represents a bond with a carbonyl group of a urethane bond in the polyurethane skeleton of the main chain.
- the compound for introducing the partial structure represented by the formula (2-2) can be obtained by the following method. Specifically, a compound having one hydroxyl group and ethylenically unsaturated group such as hydroxyethyl acrylate is added to a compound having one tertiary amino group and one primary amino group such as dimethylaminopropylamine. Obtained by adding Michael. As a result, a compound having an imino group obtained by Michael addition of an ethylenically unsaturated group and a primary amino group and a hydroxyl group is obtained.
- a compound having one hydroxyl group and a primary amino group such as monoethanolamine
- a compound having one tertiary amino group such as 2- (dimethylamino) -ethyl acrylate, and an ethylenically unsaturated group
- Michael addition a compound having an adsorption group of a tertiary amino group, a hydroxyl group and an imino group can be obtained.
- the structure exemplified in the lower right can be introduced into the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) from the compound exemplified in the lower left.
- it contains the partial structure represented by the formula (2-2) and has one hydroxyl group and imino group at its terminal it can be applied to the polyurethane dispersant (b-1). Is done.
- * adjacent to the oxygen atom represents a bond to the carbonyl group of the urethane bond in the polyurethane skeleton of the main chain
- * adjacent to the nitrogen atom represents a bond to the carbonyl group of the urea bond.
- the following compounds are compounds having a partial structure represented by the formula (2-3).
- the structure exemplified in the lower right can be introduced into the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) from the compound exemplified in the lower left. This corresponds to the partial structure represented by the formula (2-3).
- * represents a bond with a carbonyl group of a urethane bond in the polyurethane skeleton of the main chain.
- a compound in which two primary and / or secondary amino groups are substituted in place of the two hydroxyl groups of the above compound can also be applied to the synthesis of the polyurethane dispersant (b-1).
- compounds containing one or more specific adsorbing groups and substituted with two primary and / or secondary amino groups can also be applied to the synthesis of the polyurethane dispersant (b-1).
- a partial structure represented by the formula (2-3) can be introduced into the polyurethane dispersant (b-1-1) from the reaction between the compound (b-b1) having only one hydroxyl group and thioglycerol.
- reaction examples are as follows. First, the hydroxyl group of the compound (b-b1) is reacted with one isocyanate group of a compound containing two isocyanates such as toluene diisocyanate.
- the other isocyanate group is reacted with an active thiol group of a compound containing one active thiol group such as thioglycerol and at least two active hydroxyl groups.
- an active thiol group such as thioglycerol and at least two active hydroxyl groups.
- two hydroxyl groups can be introduced into the compound (b-b1).
- the structure exemplified in the lower right can be introduced into the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) from the compound exemplified in the lower left. This corresponds to the partial structure represented by the formula (2-3).
- * represents a bond with a carbonyl group of a urethane bond in the polyurethane skeleton of the main chain.
- the structure exemplified in the lower right can be introduced into the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) from the compound exemplified in the lower left.
- two functional groups that react with the isocyanate group are bonded directly to different positions on the heterocycle or to different positions on the heterocycle via 1 to 10 atoms.
- Compounds can also be used.
- * represents a bond with a carbonyl group of a urethane bond in the polyurethane skeleton of the main chain.
- the nitrogen atom-containing heterocyclic group is separated from the main chain polyurethane skeleton via at least one atom
- the following compounds can be used.
- the structure exemplified in the lower right can be introduced into the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) from the compound exemplified in the lower left.
- the ring of a heterocyclic compound containing a nitrogen atom and two functional groups that react with an isocyanate group are contained at the end of one side chain bonded through 1 to 20 atoms. Can also be used.
- Adjacent to the oxygen atom represents a bond to the carbonyl group of the urethane bond in the polyurethane skeleton
- * adjacent to the nitrogen atom represents a bond to the carbonyl group of the urea bond
- the heterocyclic compound containing a nitrogen atom of the compound (bb) becomes a pendant adsorbing group separated from the polyurethane skeleton by at least one atom.
- the polyurethane compound (b-1-1) contains this pendant type adsorbing group, the ⁇ dispersion improvement effect> and ⁇ formation of high fine lines by improving alkali developer resistance and heat resistance> It is preferable for the reason described in the above.
- the adsorptive group-introducing compound (bb) used for the synthesis of the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) can also be obtained by other known general methods.
- Method of introducing quaternary ammonium base As a method for introducing a quaternary ammonium base into the polyurethane dispersant (b-1), for example, first, a compound for introducing a partial structure represented by the formulas (2-1) to (2-3) is used. And a method of introducing a tertiary amino group into the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) and then quaternizing the tertiary amino group by using any known quaternizing agent.
- Preferred quaternizing agents are alkyl halides, aralkyl halides, dialkyl carbonates, dialkyl sulfates or epoxides. Particularly preferred quaternizing agents are dimethyl sulfate, benzyl chloride or styrene oxide. A part of the tertiary amino group may be quaternary ammonium chloride, or all the tertiary amino groups may be quaternary ammonium chloride.
- organic acid compounds include organic sulfonic acid compounds such as vinyl sulfonic acid, and organic phosphoric acid compounds such as dimethacryloyloxyethyl phosphate or phenylphosphonic acid.
- Compound (bc) Compound having two functional groups that react with an isocyanate group at one end and containing a solvent group
- the main chain of the polyurethane skeleton in the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) and the side chain of the lateral parent solvent group bonded to the side of the main chain have two functional groups that react with an isocyanate group only at one end. It can be obtained by reacting the compound (bc) containing a solvent group with the diisocyanate compound (ba).
- the two functional groups that react with the isocyanate group of the compound (bc) are preferably a hydroxyl group and / or an imino group, one being a hydroxyl group and the other being an imino group, or both being a hydroxyl group. It is more preferable that both of them are hydroxyl groups.
- the parent solvent group of the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) includes a polyether chain and / or a polyester chain
- the partial structures represented by the above formulas (3-1) to (3-3) are particularly preferred. The case of having will be described in detail.
- a partial structure represented by the formula (3-1), (3-2) or (3-3) is formed by a urethane bond or a urea bond between the compound (bc) and the diisocyanate compound (ba). It can be introduced into the polyurethane dispersant (b-1).
- the two functional groups that react with the isocyanate group are both hydroxyl groups. There are urethane bonds between these two hydroxyl groups and the two isocyanate groups of the diisocyanate compound (ba). Specific examples will be described later.
- the two functional groups that react with the isocyanate group are an imino group and It is a hydroxyl group, an imino group and an isocyanate group are urea-bonded, and a hydroxyl group is bonded to an isocyanate group and a urethane bond. Specific examples will be described later.
- the two functional groups that react with the isocyanate group are both hydroxyl groups.
- the two hydroxyl groups and the two isocyanate groups of the diisocyanate compound (ba) are urethane-bonded. Specific examples will be described later.
- this compound (bc) contains a functional group that reacts with an isocyanate group at both ends, other residual isocyanate groups and the functional group are synthesized during the synthesis of the polyurethane dispersant (b-1). May be bonded to each other to inhibit the formation of lateral side chains bonded laterally to the linear polyurethane skeleton. Therefore, it is preferable that the compound (bc) does not contain a functional group that reacts with an isocyanate group other than one end.
- the hydroxyl group or the like is preferably substituted so as not to react with the isocyanate group.
- the hydrogen atom of the hydroxyl group is substituted with an alkyl group to form an alkoxy group.
- the alkyl group replacing the hydrogen atom of the hydroxyl group is more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group may optionally be a branched alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group, and an aryl group or an aralkyl group may be introduced instead of the alkyl group.
- the cycloalkyl group is preferably a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms such as a cyclopropyl group or a cyclohexyl group.
- a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms such as a cyclopropyl group or a cyclohexyl group.
- an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms such as a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a naphthyl group which may be substituted with an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a phenyl group is preferable. is there.
- the aralkyl group is preferably a hydrogen atom, a 2-phenylethyl group optionally substituted with a halogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a benzyl group.
- the chain length of the terminal alkyl group of the polyether chain and / or polyester chain-containing compound can be appropriately selected depending on the nature of the solvent (e) contained in the photosensitive resin composition.
- the terminal alkyl group is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms which may be linear or branched.
- Specific examples of the alkyl group include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, and an isopropyl group.
- the terminal alkyl group is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and is a methyl group from the viewpoint of easy availability in the market. It is more preferable.
- the solvent (e) is a nonpolar organic solvent
- the terminal alkyl group preferably has 8 or more carbon atoms.
- the polyalkylene oxide chain portion of the polyether chain contained in the parent solvent group is preferably a polyalkylene oxide having 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the content of polyethylene oxide contained in the polyalkylene oxide having 2 to 4 carbon atoms is preferably 60% by mass or less, more preferably 40% by mass or less, particularly preferably 20% by mass or less, from the viewpoint of substrate adhesion. More preferably, no polyethylene oxide is contained.
- the polyalkylene oxide chain portion having 2 to 4 carbon atoms may be obtained by (co) polymerization of alkylene oxide such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or butylene oxide, or from tetrahydrofuran. In the case of copolymerization, it may be a random copolymer or a block copolymer. Further, the polyalkylene oxide moiety may be linear or branched.
- the polyalkylene oxide portion is preferably polypropylene oxide from the viewpoint of improving dispersion aging stability.
- the polyether chain contained in the parent solvent group of the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) has an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms as a terminal alkyl group, and has 2 carbon atoms.
- the terminal alkyl group is more preferably a methyl group or a butyl group.
- the polyester chain which is a solvophilic group can be obtained from a hydroxycarboxylic acid containing 1 to 26 carbon atoms or a lactone thereof.
- the kind of hydroxycarboxylic acid can be appropriately selected depending on the nature of the solvent (e) contained in the photosensitive resin composition.
- the hydroxycarboxylic acid preferably contains a maximum of 8 carbon atoms, and when the organic medium is a nonpolar organic liquid, the hydroxycarboxylic acid contains more than 8 carbon atoms. It is preferable to contain.
- the polyester chain is preferably obtained from two or more different hydroxycarboxylic acids or their lactones because it helps the solubility of the organic medium.
- the hydroxycarboxylic acid may be saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched.
- Suitable hydroxycarboxylic acids are glycolic acid, lactic acid, 5-hydroxyvaleric acid, 6-hydroxycaproic acid, ricinoleic acid, 12-hydroxystearic acid, 12-hydroxydodecanoic acid, 5-hydroxydodecanoic acid, 5-hydroxy Decanoic acid and 4-hydroxydecanoic acid.
- lactones examples include ⁇ -propiolactone and ⁇ -valerolactone and ⁇ -caprolactone optionally substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- polyester chains derived from ⁇ -valerolactone and ⁇ -caprolactone are particularly preferred.
- the lateral chain of the polyether chain and / or the polyester chain, which is a solvophilic group may be composed of a single monomer, or may be composed of a plurality of monomer components.
- the polyether chain may contain a polyester part, and conversely, the polyester chain may contain a polyether part.
- the number average molecular weight of the polyether chain and / or polyester chain of the parent solvent group in the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) is preferably 10,000 or less, more preferably 4,000 or less, and even more preferably 2,500 or less. It is.
- the number average molecular weight of the polyether chain and / or polyester chain is preferably 300 or more, more preferably 600 or more, and further preferably 800 or more.
- the polyether chain and / or the polyester chain are bonded to the diisocyanate compound (ba) by two functional groups at one end to form a main chain which is a polyurethane skeleton, and the polyether chain and / or Alternatively, the side chain of the polyester solvent solvent group can be formed.
- the side chain of the lateral solvophilic group includes a polyether chain
- the compound (bc) including the polyether chain of the solvophilic group have two hydroxyl groups that react with an isocyanate group at one end? It preferably has one hydroxyl group and one imino group.
- the hydroxyl and imino groups are preferably separated by a maximum of 6 carbon atoms.
- compound (bc) contains two hydroxyl groups that react with isocyanate groups, they are preferably separated by a maximum of 17 atoms.
- two hydroxyl groups in the compound (bb) can be used as a method of introducing two hydroxyl groups as two functional groups at one end that react with the isocyanate group of the compound (bc) containing a polyether chain.
- two hydroxyl groups in the compound (bb) can be used. The same method as that introduced is used.
- Specific examples of the compound (bb) for introducing the partial structure represented by the formula (3-1) into the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) include the following. Other than that, if it contains a partial structure represented by the formula (3-1) and has two hydroxyl groups at its ends, it can be applied to the synthesis of the polyurethane dispersant (b-1).
- a hydroxyl group at the other end such as a polyalkylene oxide chain having 2 to 4 carbon atoms having one end alkyl etherified, is reacted with one isocyanate group of a compound containing two isocyanate groups such as toluene diisocyanate.
- the other isocyanate group is reacted with a secondary amino group of a compound containing one secondary amino group such as diethanolamine and at least two active hydroxyl groups.
- two hydroxyl groups can be introduced into one end of the polyalkylene oxide chain.
- the structure exemplified in the lower right can be introduced into the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) from the compound exemplified in the lower left. This corresponds to the chemical structure represented by the formula (3-1).
- * represents a bond with a carbonyl group of a urethane bond in the polyurethane skeleton of the main chain.
- the compound having a partial structure represented by the formula (3-1) can also be obtained by the following method.
- a method for introducing two hydroxyl groups into one end of the compound (bc) containing a polyether chain there is a method in which diethanolamine is Michael-added to poly (alkylene oxide) acrylate. Specific examples thereof are as follows.
- the structure exemplified in the lower right can be introduced into the polyurethane dispersant (b-1). This corresponds to the partial structure represented by the formula (3-1).
- * represents a bond with a carbonyl group of a urethane bond in the polyurethane skeleton of the main chain.
- the two functional groups at one end that react with the isocyanate group of the compound (bc) containing a polyether chain are one hydroxyl group and one imino group
- a method similar to the method of introducing one hydroxyl group and one imino group is applied. Specifically, it can be obtained by Michael addition of a compound having one hydroxyl group and an ethylenically unsaturated group such as hydroxyethyl acrylate and a compound having one primary amino group at the terminal of the polyalkylene oxide chain.
- an imino group obtained by Michael addition of an ethylenically unsaturated group and an amino group and one hydroxyl group in hydroxyacrylate are obtained.
- a compound having one hydroxyl group and a primary amino group such as monoethanolamine
- a compound having an alkylene oxide chain such as an acrylate esterified with an alkylene oxide chain
- a compound having an ethylenically unsaturated group A hydroxyl group and an imino group reacting with the isocyanate solvent group and the parent solvent part of the alkylene oxide are obtained.
- Such compounds include the following.
- the structure exemplified in the lower right can be introduced into the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) from the compound exemplified in the lower left.
- the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) can be synthesized. Applied.
- Adjacent to the oxygen atom represents a bond with the carbonyl group of the urethane bond in the polyurethane skeleton of the main chain
- * adjacent to the nitrogen atom represents a bond with the carbonyl group of the urea bond
- the structure corresponding to the partial structure represented by the formula (3-3) has the same effective effect and can be applied to the synthesis of the polyurethane dispersant (b-1-1).
- the compound into which the partial structure represented by the formula (3-3) is introduced is a compound having two hydroxyl groups at one end.
- the partial structure represented by the formula (3-3) can be obtained by using, for example, a polyether having one hydroxyl group at the terminal, a diisocyanate compound and thioglycerol. Specific examples of the reaction are as follows.
- the hydroxyl group of a polyether having one hydroxyl group at the terminal is reacted with one isocyanate group of a compound containing two isocyanates such as toluene diisocyanate.
- the other isocyanate group is reacted with an active thiol group of a compound containing one active thiol group such as thioglycerol and at least two active hydroxyl groups.
- the structure exemplified in the lower right can be introduced into the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) from the compound exemplified in the lower left. This corresponds to the partial structure represented by the formula (3-3).
- * represents a bond with a carbonyl group of a urethane bond in the polyurethane skeleton of the main chain.
- the compound for introducing the structure represented by the formula (3-3) into the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) is a compound having two hydroxyl groups at one end, but represented by the formula (3-3).
- a compound in which two oxygen atoms in the partial structure to be substituted with two primary and / or secondary amino groups can also be used as the compound (bc) used in the synthesis of the polyurethane dispersant (b-1).
- the compound (bc) used for the synthesis of the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) in which the parent solvent group contains a polyester chain contains two hydroxyl groups that react with an isocyanate group at one end of the compound containing the polyester chain.
- the hydroxyl groups are preferably separated by a maximum of 17 atoms. It is particularly preferred that the two hydroxyl groups are separated by 5 or more atoms.
- the terminal of the polyester chain is a hydroxyl group or a carboxy group, it is possible to introduce two hydroxyl groups that react with an isocyanate group at one end.
- the terminal of the polyester chain is a hydroxyl group
- it can be produced by polymerizing one or more hydroxycarboxylic acids or lactones thereof in the presence of a hydroxyl group-containing compound which is a chain terminating compound described later.
- the polyester obtained using a hydroxyl group-containing compound which is a chain terminating compound described later is preferably represented by the following formula (4).
- w is 5 to 150
- R 9 is an alkyl group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms
- A is an alkylene group having 1 to 26 carbon atoms, or an alkenylene group having 2 to 26 carbon atoms.
- the method of introducing one hydroxyl group and one imino group that reacts with an isocyanate group at one end to the compound of formula (4) is also the same as that described above, with one hydroxyl group and one hydroxyl group at one end of the polyether.
- a method for introducing an imino group can be applied.
- the structure exemplified in the lower right can be introduced into the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) from the compound exemplified in the lower left.
- a functional group such as a hydroxyl group or an imino group which includes a partial structure represented by the formula (3-1) or a partial structure represented by the formula (3-2) and which reacts with an isocyanate group at the terminal thereof Can be applied to the polyurethane dispersant (b-1).
- Adjacent to the oxygen atom represents a bond with the carbonyl group of the urethane bond in the polyurethane skeleton of the main chain
- * adjacent to the nitrogen atom represents a bond with the carbonyl group of the urea bond
- the structure corresponding to the partial structure represented by the formula (3-3) has an effective effect and can be applied to the polyurethane dispersant (b-1).
- the structure corresponding to the partial structure represented by the formula (3-3) containing a polyester chain is also the structure corresponding to the partial structure represented by the formula (3-3) containing a polyether chain. The same structure can be applied.
- the structure exemplified in the lower right can be introduced into the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) from the compound exemplified in the lower left. This corresponds to the partial structure represented by the formula (3-3).
- * represents a bond with a carbonyl group of a urethane bond in the polyurethane skeleton of the main chain.
- the terminal of the polyester chain is a carboxyl group
- it can be produced by polymerizing one or more hydroxycarboxylic acids or lactones thereof in the presence of a carboxy group-containing compound which is a chain terminating compound described later.
- the polyester obtained using a carboxyl group-containing compound which is a chain terminating compound described later is preferably represented by the following formula (5).
- R 9 , A and w are as defined in the above formula (4).
- the polyesters of formula (4) and / or formula (5) generally comprise one or more hydroxycarboxylic acids, hydroxyl-containing compounds or carboxy-containing compounds in an inert atmosphere at 50-250 ° C. in the presence of an esterification catalyst. Manufactured by reacting with a compound. Typical process conditions are described in WO 2001/80987.
- the compound of the formula (5) is converted to a monohydroxy compound by reacting with a diol such as ethylene glycol or propylene glycol.
- a diol such as ethylene glycol or propylene glycol.
- the resulting monohydroxy derivative is subjected to the same method as that for the compound of formula (4).
- the structure exemplified in the lower right can be introduced into the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) from the compound exemplified in the lower left.
- the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) includes a partial structure represented by the formula (3-1) or a partial structure represented by the formula (3-2), and a functional group such as a hydroxyl group or imino group that reacts with an isocyanate group at the terminal. If it has only two groups, it is applied to the synthesis of the polyurethane dispersant (b-1).
- * adjacent to the oxygen atom represents a bond to the carbonyl group of the urethane bond in the polyurethane skeleton of the main chain
- * adjacent to the nitrogen atom represents a bond to the carbonyl group of the urea bond.
- the structure corresponding to the partial structure represented by the formula (3-3) has an effective effect and can be applied to the synthesis of the polyurethane dispersant (b-1).
- the structure corresponding to the partial structure represented by the formula (3-3) containing a polyester chain is also the structure corresponding to the partial structure represented by the formula (3-3) containing a polyether chain. The same structure can be applied.
- a method for introducing a functional group that reacts with an isocyanate group at the end of a polyether chain and / or a polyester chain other known methods may be used.
- a polyether or polyester chain having one hydroxyl group at one end is reacted with a compound having an isocyanate group and an acryloyloxy group, and unsaturated with one end of a compound having a polyether chain or polyester chain by urethane bonding.
- a group can be introduced, and there is a method of adding Michael with diethanolamine.
- two hydroxyl groups can be introduced into one end of the polyether chain or the polyester chain.
- a polymer of polyacrylate and / or polyolefin when synthesized, it can be obtained by using a polymerization initiator having two hydroxyl groups or a dihydroxy functional chain transfer agent such as thioglycerol.
- Oriented polyacrylate and / or polyolefin chains can be formed.
- the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) may contain a structure introduced by the urethane reaction or urea reaction of the following compounds (bd), (be), and (bf).
- Compound (bd) One or more compounds having two functional groups that react with isocyanate groups.
- Compound (be) One or more compounds that contain one functional group that reacts with an isocyanate group and acts as a chain terminator.
- Compound (bf) One or more compounds containing one isocyanate group and acting as a chain terminator.
- the structures derived from these compounds (bd), (be), and (bf) are obtained by converting these compounds (bd), (be), and (bf) into compounds ( It can be introduced into the polyurethane skeleton of the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) by reacting with ba), (bb), and (bc).
- the structure derived from the compound (bd) can be introduced into the polyurethane skeleton, and the structure derived from the compounds (be) and (bf) is present at both ends of the polyurethane skeleton. Can be introduced.
- the compound (bd) preferably has only two functional groups that react with isocyanate groups.
- the preferred functional group of the compound (bd) is an amino group or a hydroxyl group, more preferably a diamine or diol, and even more preferably a diol.
- the compound (bd) is mainly used as a chain extender for changing the solubility of the polyurethane polymer.
- the number average molecular weight of the compound (bd) is not particularly limited, but is preferably 32 to 3,000.
- Examples of preferred diamines are ethylenediamine, 1,4-butanediamine and 1,6-hexanediamine.
- Examples of preferred diols include 1,6-hexanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM), 1,2-dodecanediol, 2-phenyl-1,2-propanediol, 1,4-benzenedimethanol, 1,4-butanediol and neopentyl glycol.
- the diol may be a polyether such as poly (C2-4-alkylene glycol), polyester or polyacrylic acid diol.
- the polyalkylene glycol may be a random or block homopolymer or copolymer containing repeating ethyleneoxy, propyleneoxy or butyleneoxy groups containing mixtures thereof.
- * adjacent to the oxygen atom represents a bond to the carbonyl group of the urethane bond in the polyurethane skeleton of the main chain
- * adjacent to the nitrogen atom represents a bond to the carbonyl group of the urea bond.
- the partial structure can be applied as a compound (bd) that can be introduced into the polyurethane dispersant (b-1).
- the polyurethane skeleton in the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) has a linear characteristic in nature. However, if a polyol or polyisocyanate with a functionality greater than 2 is present as an impurity in any of the components, a small amount of branched structure may be introduced.
- the chain termination compound as the compound (be) is a monofunctional compound having one functional group that reacts with an isocyanate group.
- the monofunctional group of the compound (be) is preferably an amino group or a hydroxyl group.
- the compound (be) is bonded to the terminal of the polyurethane skeleton of the main chain of the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) to be a terminal group.
- a preferred chain terminating compound is the same polyalkylene oxide monoalkyl ether, polyalkylene oxide monoalkyl ether amine as used in the compound (bc) constituting the polyurethane dispersant (b-1), or the above formula (4). ) Is a polyester compound having a hydroxyl group as a terminal group.
- Compound (be) is illustrated in the lower left, and this introduces the lower right partial structure into the polyurethane dispersant (b-1).
- * represents a bond with a carbonyl group of a urethane bond in the polyurethane skeleton of the main chain.
- the partial structure can be applied as a compound (be) that can be introduced into the polyurethane dispersant (b-1). .
- the compound (be) preferably contains a solvent group of a polyether chain and / or a polyester chain from the viewpoints of dispersibility and dispersion aging stability.
- a compound having only one primary amino group, one secondary amino group, or one thiol group has a chain terminating action and can be applied as a compound (be).
- the compound (be) instead of the compound having a solvate group of polyether chain and / or polyester chain, the same as that described above as long as the effect of the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) is not affected.
- Polyacrylate or polyolefin having a structure may be applied.
- the monoisocyanate compound of the compound (bf) also acts as a chain terminating compound and binds to both ends of the linear polyurethane skeleton that is the main chain of the polyurethane dispersant (b-1).
- Specific examples of the monoisocyanate compound of the compound (bf) include phenyl isocyanate, but if this remains, post-treatment may be required, and therefore it is preferable to terminate the chain with the compound (be). .
- a typical amount of the raw material used in synthesizing the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) is 10 to 50% by mass of the compound (ba) based on the total mass of the raw materials of the entire polyurethane dispersant (b-1). ) 1 to 24% by weight of compound (bb), 10 to 80% by weight of compound (bc), 0 to 25% by weight of compound (bd), 0 to 50% by weight of compound (b) -E), and 0-20% by weight of compound (bf).
- the mass ratio of the compound (bc) constituting the lateral side chain in the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) and the compound (be) constituting both ends of the polyurethane skeleton is preferably a polyurethane dispersant ( b-1) 35% or more of the total mass of all raw materials.
- the compound (bc), the compound containing the polyether chain of the compound (be) and the compound containing the polyester chain may be used alone, but it is preferable that both of them are contained.
- the mass ratio of the compound containing a polyether chain and the compound containing a polyester chain is preferably 1:99 to 99: 1, more preferably the total mass of the compound (bc) and the compound (be). Is from 3:97 to 97: 3, more preferably from 5:95 to 95: 5.
- the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) contains a polyether chain and a polyester chain as a solvophilic group to form a tablet or a high-thin color filter BM, it is resistant to an alkaline developer during the formation process. Or since the tolerance at the time of a high temperature process becomes further favorable, it is preferable.
- the adsorbing group of the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) is a specific adsorbing group bonded to the main chain, and the specific adsorbing group is well adsorbed to the pigment, so that it is resistant to the developer or at high temperature processing. It is particularly preferable because it is easy to embrace a pigment having a high resistance.
- the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) can be prepared by any known method known in the art. Generally, the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) is used under substantially anhydrous conditions, generally in an inert atmosphere at a temperature of 0 to 130 ° C., optionally in the presence of an inert solvent, and optionally in the presence of a catalyst. , One or more of the diisocyanate compounds (ba) are reacted with at least one or more of the compounds (bb) and one or more of the compounds (bc) Can be obtained.
- the reaction may be carried out with a plurality of compounds.
- the inert atmosphere can be performed with any of inert gases, but nitrogen gas is preferred.
- Preparation of the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) can be carried out in the presence of a catalyst.
- a catalyst is tin complexes of fatty acids such as dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) or tertiary amines.
- the total number of moles of isocyanate groups in compound (ba) is determined by the number of compounds (bb), (bc), and optionally used compounds (bd), ( It may be less than the total number of moles of functional groups that react with the isocyanate group in be). In this case, any terminal isocyanate group reacts, and the unreacted terminal isocyanate group tends not to remain.
- the total number of moles of isocyanate groups provided by compound (ba) and optional compound (bf) is used as needed for compounds (bb), (bc), and It may be greater than the total number of moles of functional groups that react with the isocyanate groups of the compounds (bd) and (be).
- the resulting polyurethane compound (b-1-1) tends to be a prepolymer containing residual isocyanate groups.
- this prepolymer is optionally chain terminated, either prior to dissolution in a solvent or other chain extender and / or compound (be) such as compound (bd) combined with different prepolymer chains. Can be reacted with a compound.
- the chain extension reaction can be carried out with water itself.
- it can be carried out with polyols, amino-alcohols, primary or secondary aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic polyamines, in particular diamines, hydrazines or substituted hydrazines.
- the chain extender for example, the chain extender generally having a functional group that reacts with two or more isocyanate groups as described below can be mentioned, but in order to maintain a linear urethane skeleton, it reacts with an isocyanate group.
- a chain extender having only two functional groups is preferred.
- chain extenders include, for example, ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, butylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, cyclohexylenediamine, piperazine, 2-methylpiperazine, phenylenediamine, tolylenediamine, xylylenediamine, 4,4'- Methylenebis (2-chloroaniline), 3,3'-dichloro-4,4'-biphenyldiamine, 2,6-diaminopyridine, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, methanediamine, m-xylenediamine, isophoronediamine, hydrazine And azine such as dimethylhydrazine.
- chain extender used for the synthesis of the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) having a linear polyurethane skeleton
- a chain extender having only two functional groups that react with an isocyanate group is preferable, and hexamethylenediamine is particularly preferable.
- the chain extension reaction can be performed at any of high temperature, low temperature and room temperature.
- a preferred temperature is about 5-95 ° C.
- the amount of the chain extender and the chain terminating compound may be adjusted in order to control the molecular weight of the resulting polyurethane dispersant (b-1). it can.
- the reaction with the polyurethane prepolymer may be adjusted by increasing the chain terminator in the combination of the chain extender and the chain terminator.
- an inert solvent can be added before, during or after the formation of the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) or its prepolymer.
- Preferred solvents include, for example, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, diglyme, N-methylpyrrolidone, butyl acetate, methoxypropyl acetate, ethyl acetate, ethylene and propylene glycol diacetate, alkyl ethers of ethylene and propylene glycol acetate, And sterically hindered alcohols such as toluene, xylene and t-butanol and diacetone alcohol. More preferred solvents are ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, methoxypropyl acetate and N-methylpyrrolidone.
- the amine value of the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) in 1 g of solid content is preferably 10 mgKOH / g or more, and more preferably 20 mgKOH / g or more. Further, from the viewpoint of dispersibility, it is preferably 180 mgKOH / g or less, more preferably 110 mgKOH / g or less, and further preferably 70 mgKOH / g or less.
- the number average molecular weight of the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) is preferably 2,000 or more, more preferably 3,000 or more, and particularly preferably 4,000 or more from the viewpoint of dispersion effect. From the viewpoint of chemical conversion, it is preferably 50,000 or less, more preferably 40,000 or less, still more preferably 30,000 or less, and particularly preferably 20,000 or less.
- the solvent group is preferably 0.001 mol or more, more preferably 0.005 mol or more, still more preferably 0.01 mol or more, based on 100 g of the polyurethane dispersant (b-1). 0.02 mol or more is particularly preferable, 0.5 mol or less is preferable, 0.2 mol or less is more preferable, 0.1 mol or less is further preferable, and 0.08 mol or less is particularly preferable.
- the ratio of the solvent group is shown in units of “mol / 100 g” as the solvate group content.
- the “mol book” of the parent solvent group is a value obtained by dividing the charge amount of the raw material of the parent solvent group by the number average molecular weight in the charge during synthesis.
- a value corresponding to 100 g in the total amount of charged solids other than the catalyst is defined as “mole book / 100 g” of the parent solvent group using the “mole book” of the parent solvent group.
- polyurethane dispersant (b-1) of the present invention is non-linear, that is, having a main chain containing a branched structure, that is, having a branch branched into at least three or more in the main chain Is mentioned.
- the main chain has a polyurethane skeleton having a linear structure
- the main chain has one or more branch structures branched into at least three branches. Therefore, the dispersibility in the photosensitive resin composition is considered to be good.
- the alkali resistance and heat resistance are increased synergistically. Therefore, it is considered that a fine fine line can be formed.
- the main chain of the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) of the present embodiment is not particularly limited as long as it has a branched structure other than the bonding portion with the parent solvent group, the adsorption group, and the bonding portion with the adsorption group.
- Examples of the branched structure include a partial structure represented by the following general formula (ii).
- R e represents a trivalent alcohol compound residue
- * represents a bond
- the alcohol compound residue means a residue obtained by removing hydrogen atoms from all hydroxyl groups of the alcohol compound.
- the number of carbon atoms of the trivalent alcohol compound residue in the formula (ii) is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 or more, more preferably 2 or more, still more preferably 3 or more, It is preferably 100 or less, more preferably 50 or less, and even more preferably 10 or less.
- trivalent alcohol compound residue examples include trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, 1,2,3-propanetriol, 1,3,5-pentanetriol, 1,5,10-decanetriol, 1, Alcohol compounds such as 2,3-trihydroxybenzene, 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene, 1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene, and tri-branched polyalkylene oxide compounds having three hydroxyl groups at the ends Residue.
- alcohol compound residues of trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, 1,2,3-propanetriol, 1,3,5-pentanetriol are preferable, trimethylolethane, Trimethylolpropane or 1,2,3-propanetriol alcohol compound residue is more preferred.
- R e is an alcohol compound residue of trimethylol ethane or trimethylol propane.
- the main chain of the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) of the present embodiment may contain a linear structure other than the bonding portion with the parent solvent group, the adsorption group, and the bonding portion with the adsorption group.
- the linear structure the partial structure represented by the formula (i) can be preferably employed.
- the ratio between the linear structure and the branched structure contained in the main chain is not particularly limited, but the branched structure is preferably 1% by mass or more, more preferably 5% by mass or more with respect to the total of the linear structure and the branched structure. It is preferably 100% by mass or less, more preferably 80% by mass or less, and further preferably 60% by mass or less.
- the amount is not less than the above lower limit value, there is a tendency that the solvent affinity brought about by the polyester structure part or the polyether structure part can be improved. There is a tendency to be able to.
- the content ratio of the adsorbing group, the specific parent solvent group, the content ratio of the parent solvent group, and the physical properties of the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) of the present embodiment are preferably employed. can do.
- the production method of the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) of this embodiment is the same as the production method described above, except that a small amount of a trifunctional or higher monomer is used in the urethane formation reaction. By using a tri- or higher functional monomer, several branch points are formed in the main chain.
- Examples of the trifunctional or higher monomer used here include polyols, polyamines, and polyisocyanates. Polyols and polyamines are preferable, and polyols are particularly preferable.
- the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) of the present embodiment tends to gel, it is preferable to synthesize it so as not to gel.
- the number average molecular weight of the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) is preferably 40,000 or less, and more preferably 30,000 or less.
- the number average molecular weight of the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) is preferably at least 3,000 or more and more preferably at least 5,000 or more from the viewpoint of the dispersion effect.
- the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) of this embodiment uses the compounds (ba ′) and (bd ′) instead of the compounds (ba) and (bd) in the above-described method. Can be synthesized.
- the polyisocyanate compound (b-a ′) may contain not only the compound having three or more isocyanate groups but also the diisocyanate compound (ba). Further, when a compound containing at least three functional groups that react with an isocyanate group is used as the compound (bd ′) described later, the polyisocyanate compound (ba ′) is composed only of a diisocyanate compound. It may be a thing.
- the average functional group number of the polyisocyanate compound (b-a ′) is preferably 2.0 or more, more preferably 2.5 or less, and even more preferably 2.2 or less.
- the average number of functional groups of the polyisocyanate compound (ba ′) is 2.0. It is particularly preferred that
- the average number of functional groups means the average value of the number of functional groups in the case of a mixture of compounds having different numbers of functional groups, and is calculated by the following formula.
- Average number of functional groups [ ⁇ (Total number of functional groups) ⁇ (number of moles of compound having the number of functional groups) ⁇ / (total number of moles of compound)
- the compound (b-a ′) having an average functional group number of 2.0 is the same as the compound (ba).
- Compound (bd ′) Compound having three or more functional groups that react with isocyanate groups and giving a branched structure to the polyurethane skeleton
- the compound (bd) has two functional groups that react with isocyanate groups to form a linear polyurethane skeleton, whereas the compound (bd ′) has three functional groups that react with isocyanate groups. Since at least the compound having the above is contained, a branched structure can be introduced into the polyurethane skeleton of the main chain.
- the compound (b-d ′) may be a mixture of a compound having two functional groups that react with isocyanate groups and a compound having three or more functional groups that react with isocyanate groups.
- the average number of functional groups that react with the isocyanate group of the compound (bd ′) is preferably 2.01 or more, more preferably 2.1 or more, and preferably 4 or less, more preferably 3 or less. .
- Examples of the low molecular weight polyol having 3 or more hydroxyl groups include trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol and dipentaerythritol.
- Examples of the polyamine having 3 or more amino groups include diethyltriamine, tris (2-aminoethyl) amine, triethylenetetramine, and the like.
- a polyalkylene glycol is synthesized or a lactone is polymerized, so that an oligomer of triol or tetraol preferably having a number average molecular weight of 200 to 2,000.
- a compound can be obtained, and this may be used as the compound (bd ′).
- the compound (b-d ′) a compound having three low-molecular hydroxyl groups is preferable.
- * adjacent to the oxygen atom represents a bond to the carbonyl group of the urethane bond in the polyurethane skeleton of the main chain
- * adjacent to the nitrogen atom is a carbonyl group of the urea bond in the polyurethane skeleton of the main chain
- the * adjacent to the sulfur atom represents a bond with a thiourea bond in the polyurethane skeleton of the main chain.
- any compound having 3 or more hydroxyl groups and / or primary and secondary amino groups can be used as the compound (b-d ').
- the number average molecular weight of the compound (b-d ′) is preferably 32 to 3,000, and these compounds may be used alone or in combination.
- the amount of the isocyanate group in the compound (ba ′), (bb), (bc), (bd ′), and (be) and the functional group that reacts with the isocyanate group Describe the quantity.
- the isocyanate group in the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) of the present embodiment is basically derived from the compound (b-a ′).
- functional groups that react with isocyanate groups are derived from compounds (bb), (bc), (b-d '), (be).
- the amount of these functional groups is preferably used so as to be equal as follows.
- the compounds (b-a ′) to (be) are a mixture, the average number of functional groups of the mixture and the total number of moles of the mixture are used.
- the preferred structure of the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) of the present embodiment can be obtained by using the following compound.
- the number of functional groups that react with the isocyanate groups in (bd ′): the average number of functional groups is greater than at least 2 including a mixture of 2 and 3 or more.
- the branched structure of the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) of this embodiment is preferably low order.
- Low order is represented by the following definition. First, let us consider the average number of functional groups of the compounds (bb), (bc), and (b-d ') other than the compound (be) that acts as a chain terminator in the functional group that reacts with the isocyanate group. This is defined as “the average number of functional groups that react with isocyanate groups other than the chain terminator”.
- A ⁇ Number of functional groups reacting with isocyanate group in (bb) ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ number of moles of (bb) ⁇ + ⁇ Number of functional groups reacting with isocyanate groups in (bc) ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ number of moles of (bc) ⁇ + ⁇ number of functional groups reacting with isocyanate groups in (bd ′) ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ (b -Number of moles of d ') ⁇
- B ⁇ number of moles of (bb) ⁇ + ⁇ number of moles of (bc) ⁇ + ⁇ number of moles of (b ⁇ d ′) ⁇
- the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) of the present embodiment can be a polyurethane compound having an “average number of functional groups that react with isocyanate groups other than the chain terminator” greater than 2.
- the compound (bd ′) that reacts with the isocyanate groups of the compound (bd ′) has an average functional group number larger than 2. It is preferable. Therefore, the compound (b-d ') may contain a compound having at least three functional groups that react with isocyanate groups.
- the functional group that reacts with the isocyanate group of the compound (b-d ') is preferably a hydroxyl group or an amino group, and particularly preferably a hydroxyl group.
- the compound (b-d ′) may be a mixture of several kinds of compounds.
- the “average number of functional groups that react with isocyanate groups other than the chain terminator” is more than 2.0 and preferably 3.0 or less.
- the “average number of functional groups that react with isocyanate groups other than the chain terminator” is preferably 2.6 or less, more preferably 2.4 or less, and even more preferably 2.3 or less. .
- the average number of functional groups that react with isocyanate groups other than the chain terminator is preferably low order.
- alkali solubility in the solvent or photosensitive resin composition due to the entanglement of the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) itself
- b-1 polyurethane dispersant
- steric hindrance can be prevented from increasing due to the entanglement of the dispersant, and the deterioration of the adsorption action to the pigment can be suppressed.
- the dispersibility in a solvent, the resistance to alkali developer at the time of fine wire formation, and the heat resistance at the time of high-temperature processing are improved, and the effects of the present invention tend to be sufficiently exhibited.
- the number average molecular weight of the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) of this embodiment is preferably 3,000 or more, more preferably 5,000 or more, preferably 40,000 or less, more preferably 30,000. It is as follows.
- the dispersant (b) in the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention contains at least the polyurethane dispersant (b-1), but the effect of the present invention by using the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) is affected. In the range where there is no such, other dispersant (b-2) other than the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) may be used in combination.
- a polymer dispersant is preferable, and further, from the viewpoint of dispersion stability, a carboxyl group; a phosphoric acid group; a sulfonic acid group; or a base thereof; primary, secondary, or A polymeric dispersant having a functional group such as a tertiary amino group; a quaternary ammonium base; a nitrogen atom-containing heterocyclic group such as pyridine, pyrimidine or pyrazine is preferred.
- a polymer dispersant having a basic functional group such as a primary, secondary or tertiary amino group; a quaternary ammonium base; a nitrogen atom-containing heterocyclic group such as pyridine, pyrimidine or pyrazine is particularly preferable.
- polymer dispersants that can be used in combination include, for example, urethane dispersants other than polyurethane dispersant (b-1), acrylic dispersants, polyethyleneimine dispersants, polyallylamine dispersants, amino groups.
- a dispersant comprising a monomer and a macromonomer, a polyoxyethylene alkyl ether dispersant, a polyoxyethylene diester dispersant, a polyether phosphate dispersant, a polyester phosphate dispersant, a sorbitan aliphatic ester dispersant, and Examples thereof include an aliphatic modified polyester dispersant.
- EFKA [registered trademark, and so on. Made by EFKA Chemicals BV (EFKA).
- Dispersbyk registered trademark, the same applies hereinafter; manufactured by Big Chemie
- Disparon registered trademark, the same applies hereinafter; manufactured by Enomoto Kasei Co., Ltd.
- SOLPERSE registered trademark; Kogyosha Chemical Co., Ltd.
- Ajisper registered trademark, the same applies hereinafter. Ajinomoto Fine Techno Co., Ltd.
- Ajinomoto Fine Techno Co., Ltd. and the like.
- EFKA-4046, -4047 manufactured by BASF
- Disparon DA-7301, ED-701 manufactured by Enomoto Kasei Co., Ltd.
- SOLPERSE-22000, -24000, 28000 manufactured by Lubrizol
- Floren KDG-2400 manufactured by Kyoei Chemical Co., Ltd.
- Azisper PB-821,- 881 manufactured by Ajinomoto Fine Techno Co., Ltd.
- polyurethane dispersant (b-1) Only one of these polymer dispersants may be used in combination with the polyurethane dispersant (b-1), or two or more thereof may be used in combination.
- urethane polymer dispersants and / or acrylic polymer dispersants other than the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) having a basic functional group are preferable, and in particular, urethane polymer dispersants. Agents are preferred.
- a polymer dispersant having a basic functional group and having a polyester and / or polyether bond is also preferred.
- a chemical structure preferable as a urethane polymer dispersant for example, a polyisocyanate compound having three or more isocyanate groups such as toluene diisocyanate trimer, and one hydroxyl group in the molecule or By reacting a compound having a parent solvent group having a number average molecular weight of 300 to 10,000 or a compound having a chain extending group with a compound having one active hydrogen and a tertiary amino group in the same molecule Examples thereof include a dispersion resin having a weight average molecular weight of 1,000 to 200,000.
- the introduction amount of the compound having active hydrogen and tertiary amino group in the same molecule is preferably controlled in the range of 1 to 100 mgKOH / g in terms of the amine value after the reaction. More preferably, it is in the range of 5 to 95 mgKOH / g.
- Disperbyk-161, -162, -163, -166, -167, -182 manufactured by Big Chemie
- EFKA-4046, -4047 manufactured by BASF
- the amine value is a value obtained by neutralizing titration of a basic amino group with an acid and corresponding to the acid value and expressed in mg of KOH. Specifically, the amine value is measured by the following method. When the amine value is lower than the above range, the dispersing ability tends to be lowered, and when it exceeds the above range, the developability tends to be lowered.
- the amine value is represented by the mass of KOH equivalent to the amount of base per gram of solid content excluding the solvent in the dispersant sample, and can be measured by the following method.
- Amine value [mgKOH / g] (561 ⁇ V) / (W ⁇ S) [However, W: Weighing amount of dispersant sample [g], V: Titration amount at the end of titration [mL], S: Solid content concentration [mass%] of the dispersant sample. ]
- the photopolymerization initiator (c) contained in the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention is characterized by containing at least an oxime ester photopolymerization initiator (c-1).
- oxime esters which are oxime derivatives are effective as the photopolymerization initiator (c) is as follows.
- the specific polyurethane dispersant (b-1) used as the dispersant (b) in the present invention is an oxime ester photopolymerization initiator (c-1) as a photopolymerization initiator (c) in the photosensitive resin composition.
- the resistance to alkaline developer is improved when producing color filters, etc., and thermal deformation in the subsequent high-temperature curing process is suppressed, making it possible to easily produce the fine lines that are currently required in the market. Can be formed.
- the pigment is incorporated at the site of the adsorbing group or the urethane skeleton, and the resin or the resin in the photosensitive resin composition at the site of the polyester chain or the polyether chain is used.
- the resin or monomer of the photosensitive resin composition is then cross-linked with the photopolymerization initiator (c) by ultraviolet rays, so that the alkali developability and the effect of the present invention are improved. Further improve heat resistance. This effect is considered to be further improved by using the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) and the oxime ester photopolymerization initiator (c-1) in combination.
- the oxime ester photopolymerization initiator (c-1) and the polyurethane dispersant (b- By coexisting with 1) the effects of alkali developer resistance and heat resistance are synergistically improved, and high-fine fine lines can be easily formed.
- the oxime ester photopolymerization initiator (c-1) has a structure that absorbs ultraviolet rays, a structure that transmits light energy, and a structure that generates radicals.
- Examples of the oxime compound of the oxime ester photopolymerization initiator (c-1) include compounds containing a structural moiety represented by the following general formula (22), and preferably an oxime ester represented by the following general formula (23) System compounds.
- R 22 is an optionally substituted alkanoyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, heteroarylalkanoyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenoyl group having 3 to 25 carbon atoms, carbon number A cycloalkanoyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonylalkanoyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a phenoxycarbonylalkanoyl group having 8 to 20 carbon atoms, a heteroaryloxycarbonylalkanoyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, and a group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms
- R 21a is a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 25 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, Heteroarylalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkoxycarbonylalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, phenoxycarbonylalkyl group having 8 to 20 carbon atoms, heteroaryloxycarbonylalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or heteroarylthioalkyl group Group, an aminoalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkanoyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkenoyl group having 3 to 25 carbon atoms, a cycloalkanoyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, an aryloyl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms, carbon Heteroaryloyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,
- R 21b represents an arbitrary substituent containing an aromatic ring or a heteroaromatic ring.
- R 21a may form a ring together with R 21b , and the linking group may be an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, a polyethylene group [— (CH ⁇ CH) r —] Or a polyethynylene group [— (C ⁇ C) r —] or a group formed by a combination thereof.
- R is an integer of 0 to 3.
- R 22a represents the same group as R 22 in the above formula (22).
- R 22 in the general formula (22) and R 22a in the general formula (23) are preferably an alkanoyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms and a heteroaryl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- examples thereof include an alkanoyl group and a cycloalkanoyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkanoyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and still more preferably an alkanoyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms.
- R 21a in the general formula (23) is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms that may be substituted, or an optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms from the viewpoint of solubility in a solvent and sensitivity.
- R 21b in the general formula (23) is preferably an optionally substituted carbazole group, an optionally substituted thioxanthonyl group, or an optionally substituted phenyl sulfide group.
- R 21b contains a carbazole group which may have a substituent is more preferable for the reason described above.
- An oxime ester initiator having a carbazole group having a nitro group is also effective.
- oxime ester photopolymerization initiator (c-1) those containing a carbazole group which may be substituted as R 21b are more preferable for the reasons described above.
- the aryl group having 6 to 25 carbon atoms which may be substituted the arylcarbonyl group having 7 to 25 carbon atoms which may be substituted, the heteroaryl group having 5 to 25 carbon atoms which may be substituted,
- a carbazole group having at least one group selected from the group consisting of benzoyl group, toluoyl group, naphthoyl group, thienylcarbonyl group, and nitro group is preferable. If the substituents that the carbazole group may have are those, there is no significant effect on the sensitivity of the photopolymerization initiator, and even if there is some influence, the exposure amount can be adjusted, or the photopolymerization initiator There is a tendency that a desired fine line can be formed by adjusting the amount of addition.
- these groups are preferably bonded to the 3-position of the carbazole group from the viewpoint of efficient transmission of absorbed light energy.
- the C atom in the formula (23) is preferably bonded to the 6-position of the carbazole group.
- the H atom bonded to the N atom of the carbazole group may be substituted with any substituent, and the optional substituent is an alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms from the viewpoint of solubility in a solvent.
- Group is preferable, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is more preferable, and an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- oxime ester photoinitiators (c-1) include OXE-02 manufactured by BASF, TR-PBG-304, TR-PBG-314 manufactured by Changzhou Strong Electronics Co., Ltd., and NCI- manufactured by ADEKA. 831 and the like.
- oxime ester photopolymerization initiator (c-1) examples include compounds exemplified below as preferred oxime ester compounds in the present invention. However, the oxime ester photopolymerization initiator (c-1) is not limited to these compounds. Absent.
- ketoxime ester compound of the oxime ester photopolymerization initiator (c-1) examples include compounds containing a structural portion represented by the following general formula (24), and preferably the following general formula (25): The oxime ester type compound shown is mentioned.
- R 24 has the same meaning as R 22 in the general formula (22).
- R 23a is a phenyl group, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 25 carbon atoms, or a heteroarylalkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, which may be substituted.
- alkoxycarbonylalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms phenoxycarbonylalkyl group having 8 to 20 carbon atoms, alkylthioalkyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, heteroaryloxycarbonylalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or heteroarylthio group
- R 23b represents an arbitrary substituent containing an aromatic ring or a heteroaromatic ring.
- R 23a may form a ring together with R 23b , and the linking group may be an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, a polyethylene group (— (CH ⁇ CH) r -), A polyethynylene group (-(C ⁇ C) r- ) or a group formed by a combination thereof.
- R is an integer of 0 to 3.
- R 24a is an optionally substituted alkanoyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkenoyl group having 3 to 25 carbon atoms, a cycloalkanoyl group having 4 to 8 carbon atoms, a benzoyl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms, a carbon atom Heteroaryloyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, aryloxycarbonyl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms, heteroaryl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, or alkylamino having 2 to 20 carbon atoms Represents a carbonyl group.
- R 24 in the general formula (24) and R 24a in the general formula (25) are preferably an alkanoyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, a heteroarylalkanoyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or 3 to 8 carbon atoms. And a cycloalkanoyl group or an aryloyl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms.
- R 23a in the general formula (25) is preferably an unsubstituted ethyl group, propyl group or butyl group, or an ethyl group or propyl group substituted with a methoxycarbonyl group.
- R 23b in the general formula (25) is preferably an optionally substituted carbazole group or an optionally substituted phenyl sulfide group, and R 23b includes a carbazole group. More preferred for the above reasons.
- ketoxime ester-based compound preferable for the present invention as the oxime ester photopolymerization initiator (c-1) include compounds exemplified below, but the oxime ester photopolymerization initiator (c-1) is not limited to these compounds. Absent.
- oxime and ketoxime ester compounds are known per se, for example, a series of compounds described in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-80068 or Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2006-36750. It is a kind.
- the oxime ester photopolymerization initiator (c-1) may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the photopolymerization initiator (c) in the present invention contains at least the oxime ester photopolymerization initiator (c-1), but the effect of the present invention by using the oxime ester photopolymerization initiator (c-1).
- Other photopolymerization initiators (c-2) other than the oxime ester photopolymerization initiator (c-1) may be used in a range that does not affect the above.
- photopolymerization initiators (c-2) include, for example, metallocene compounds including titanocene derivatives described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 59-152396 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-151197; Biimidazole derivatives described in JP-A-2000-56118; N-aryl- ⁇ such as halomethylated oxadiazole derivatives, halomethyl-s-triazine derivatives, N-phenylglycine described in JP-A-10-39503 -Radical activators such as amino acids, N-aryl- ⁇ -amino acid salts, N-aryl- ⁇ -amino acid esters or ⁇ -aminoalkylphenone derivatives;
- titanocene derivatives include dicyclopentadienyl titanium dichloride, dicyclopentadienyl titanium bisphenyl, dicyclopentadienyl titanium bis (2,3,4,5,6-pentafluoro Phen-1-yl), dicyclopentadienyl titanium bis (2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophen-1-yl), dicyclopentadienyl titanium bis (2,4,6-trifluoropheny) 1-yl), dicyclopentadienyltitanium di (2,6-difluorophen-1-yl), dicyclopentadienyltitanium di (2,4-difluorophen-1-yl), di (methylcyclopenta Dienyl) titanium bis (2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophen-1-yl), di (methylsilane) Lopentadienyl) titanium bis (2,6-difluorophen-1-yl) and
- biimidazole derivatives examples include 2- (2′-chlorophenyl) -4,5-diphenylimidazole dimer, 2- (2′-chlorophenyl) -4,5-bis (3′-methoxyphenyl). ) Imidazole dimer, 2- (2′-fluorophenyl) -4,5-diphenylimidazole dimer, 2- (2′-methoxyphenyl) -4,5-diphenylimidazole dimer and (4 ′ -Methoxyphenyl) -4,5-diphenylimidazole dimer and the like.
- halomethylated oxadiazole derivatives examples include 2-trichloromethyl-5- (2′-benzofuryl) -1,3,4-oxadiazole, 2-trichloromethyl-5- [ ⁇ - (2 '-Benzofuryl) vinyl] -1,3,4-oxadiazole, 2-trichloromethyl-5- [ ⁇ - (2'-(6 "-benzofuryl) vinyl)]-1,3,4-oxadiazole And 2-trichloromethyl-5-furyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole.
- halomethyl-s-triazine derivatives examples include 2- (4-methoxyphenyl) -4,6-bis (trichloromethyl) -s-triazine, 2- (4-methoxynaphthyl) -4,6- Bis (trichloromethyl) -s-triazine, 2- (4-ethoxynaphthyl) -4,6-bis (trichloromethyl) -s-triazine and 2- (4-ethoxycarbonylnaphthyl) -4,6-bis (trichloro Methyl) -s-triazine and the like.
- Examples of ⁇ -aminoalkylphenone derivatives include 2-methyl-1 [4- (methylthio) phenyl] -2-morpholinopropan-1-one, 2-benzyl-2-dimethylamino-1- ( 4-morpholinophenyl) -butanone-1,2-benzyl-2-dimethylamino-1- (4-morpholinophenyl) butan-1-one, 4-dimethylaminoethylbenzoate, 4-dimethylaminoisoamyl Benzoate, 4-diethylaminoacetophenone, 4-dimethylaminopropiophenone, 2-ethylhexyl-1,4-dimethylaminobenzoate, 2,5-bis (4-diethylaminobenzal) cyclohexanone, 7-diethylamino-3- (4-Diethylaminobenzoyl) coumarin and 4- (diethylamino) carba Con and the like.
- benzoin alkyl ethers such as benzoin methyl ether, benzoin phenyl ether, benzoin isobutyl ether, benzoin isopropyl ether; 2-methylanthraquinone, 2-ethylanthraquinone, 2-t-butylanthraquinone, 1-chloroanthraquinone, etc.
- Anthraquinone derivatives such as benzophenone, Michler's ketone, 2-methylbenzophenone, 3-methylbenzophenone, 4-methylbenzophenone, 2-chlorobenzophenone, 4-bromobenzophenone, 2-carboxybenzophenone; 2,2-dimethoxy-2 -Phenylacetophenone, 2,2-diethoxyacetophenone, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, ⁇ -hydroxy-2 Methylphenylpropanone, 1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl- (p-isopropylphenyl) ketone, 1-hydroxy-1- (p-dodecylphenyl) ketone, 2-methyl- (4′-methylthiophenyl) -2- Acetophenone derivatives such as morpholino-1-propanone and 1,1,1-trichloromethyl- (p-butylphenyl) ketone; thioxanthone, 2-ethyl
- accelerators examples include mercapto compounds having a heterocyclic ring such as 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, 2-mercaptobenzoxazole, 2-mercaptobenzoimidazole, and aliphatic polyfunctional mercapto compounds. Accelerators may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the photopolymerization initiator (c) can be used in combination with a sensitizing dye according to the wavelength of the image exposure light source for the purpose of increasing the sensitivity.
- these sensitizing dyes include xanthene dyes described in JP-A-4-221958 and JP-A-4-219756, and heterocyclic rings described in JP-A-3-239703 and JP-A-5-289335.
- amino group-containing sensitizing dyes preferred are amino group-containing sensitizing dyes, and more preferred are compounds having an amino group and a phenyl group in the same molecule. Particularly preferred are, for example, 4,4′-dimethylaminobenzophenone, 4,4′-diethylaminobenzophenone, 2-aminobenzophenone, 4-aminobenzophenone, 4,4′-diaminobenzophenone, 3,3′-diaminobenzophenone.
- Benzophenone compounds such as 3,4-diaminobenzophenone; 2- (p-dimethylaminophenyl) benzoxazole, 2- (p-diethylaminophenyl) benzoxazole, 2- (p-dimethylaminophenyl) benzo [4,5 ] Benzoxazole, 2- (p-dimethylaminophenyl) benzo [6,7] benzoxazole, 2,5-bis (p-diethylaminophenyl) 1,3,4-oxazole, 2- (p-dimethylaminophenyl) Benzothiazole, 2- (p-diethyl Aminophenyl) benzothiazole, 2- (p-dimethylaminophenyl) benzimidazole, 2- (p-diethylaminophenyl) benzimidazole, 2,5-bis (p-diethylaminophenyl) 1,3,4-thiadiazole, (p -
- Sensitizing dyes may also be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- alkali-soluble resin (d) As the resin applied to the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention, an alkali-soluble resin (d) is applied.
- the alkali-soluble resin (d) used in the present invention is a film obtained by applying and drying the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention containing the same, and then exposing the film to the exposed portion and the unexposed portion in an alkaline developer. Is not particularly limited as long as it changes, but an alkali-soluble resin (d-1) having at least one of a carboxyl group and an ethylenically unsaturated group is preferable, and has a carboxyl group and an ethylenically unsaturated group. More preferred are alkali-soluble resins.
- an epoxy (meth) acrylate resin having a carboxyl group and an acrylic copolymer resin can be mentioned. More specifically, the epoxy (meth) acrylate resin (D1-1), the epoxy (meth) acrylate resin (D1-2), the acrylic copolymer resin (D2-1), and the acrylic copolymer resin (described later) are preferable. D2-2), acrylic copolymer resin (D2-3), and acrylic copolymer resin (D2-4) may be mentioned. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- an epoxy (meth) acrylate resin having a carboxyl group is particularly preferable.
- the reason is as follows.
- the alkali-soluble resin (d) is used in the photosensitive resin composition used in the present invention, which contains the above-described urethane skeleton, the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) having a parent solvent group and an adsorption group, and the solvent (e).
- the polyether chain and / or polyester chain of the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) and the polymer alkali-soluble resin (d) serve as a steric hindrance to prevent aggregation of the colorant (a), Maintain good dispersion.
- the polyether chain and / or polyester chain of the polyurethane dispersant (b-1), which are well compatible, are entangled with the polymer alkali-soluble resin (d), or the polyurethane dispersant (b -1) adsorbing group or polyurethane skeleton is adsorbed to the colorant (a), and by incorporating the highly resistant colorant (a), erosion or heat by an alkali developer during alkali development or subsequent high-temperature processing The deformation due to is reduced.
- an alkali-soluble resin having an acidic functional group such as a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a phosphoric acid group, or a sulfonic acid group is used as a binder resin in order to dissolve the non-exposed portion in an alkaline developer during color filter production.
- an alkali-soluble resin having an acidic functional group such as a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a phosphoric acid group, or a sulfonic acid group is used as a binder resin in order to dissolve the non-exposed portion in an alkaline developer during color filter production.
- the alkali-soluble resin has a carboxyl group, it tends to be more easily dissolved in an alkali developer than when it has a hydroxyl group.
- the phosphoric acid group or sulfonic acid group has higher acidity than the carboxyl group, but has basic photopolymerization initiator, photopolymerizable monomer, dispersant, other additives in the photosensitive resin composition. It may easily react with, and storage stability may deteriorate.
- the acidic group of the alkali-soluble resin is a carboxyl group, it has a weak affinity with the dispersant (b) without affecting the dispersion, and is eroded by an alkali developer during alkali development, or a subsequent high-temperature treatment. There is a tendency that deformation due to heat at the time is further suppressed.
- the alkali-soluble resin has an ethylenically unsaturated group, it is crosslinked by irradiation with ultraviolet rays, and the polyether chain and / or polyester chain of the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) and the alkali-soluble resin (d)
- the entanglement tends to be stronger, and the alkali developer resistance and heat resistance of the ultraviolet irradiation section tend to be very large.
- the alkali-soluble resin (d) has an ethylenically unsaturated group
- the effect obtained by using the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) and the oxime ester photopolymerization initiator (c-1) in combination is further improved. To do.
- an alkali-soluble resin having an ethylenically unsaturated group and a polyurethane dispersant (b--) are bonded to the substrate where the ultraviolet ray is difficult to reach and the side portion of the fine line pattern where the ultraviolet ray is shielded and weakened by the mask at the time of ultraviolet exposure.
- 1) and the oxime ester photopolymerization initiator (c-1) in combination tend to synergistically improve alkali developer resistance and heat resistance and to easily form fine fine lines. .
- an epoxy (meth) acrylate resin when used as an alkali-soluble resin having a carboxyl group and an ethylenically unsaturated group, a large amount of unsaturated groups or carboxyl groups can be added to the resin. Further, it is possible to introduce a large amount of an aromatic ring structure or to introduce a sterically bulky alicyclic structure, and it is possible to further improve the alkali developer resistance and heat resistance.
- Epoxy (meth) acrylate resin examples include the following epoxy (meth) acrylate resin (D1-1) and / or epoxy (meth) acrylate resin (D1-2).
- ⁇ Epoxy (meth) acrylate resin (D1-2)> An ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated monocarboxylic acid or an ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated monocarboxylic acid ester having a carboxyl group is added to an epoxy resin, and further reacted with a polyhydric alcohol, at least one of a polybasic acid and its anhydride. Epoxy (meth) acrylate resin obtained by making it.
- Examples of the epoxy resin used as a raw material for the epoxy (meth) acrylate resin (D-1) and the epoxy (meth) acrylate resin (D-2) include a bisphenol A type epoxy resin (for example, “Epicoat (Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation) Registered trademark.
- Trisphenol methane type epoxy resin for example, “EPPN (registered trademark) -501”, “EPN-502”, “EPPN-503” manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.
- alicyclic epoxy resin (“Celoxide (registered trademark; the same shall apply hereinafter) 2021P”, “Celoxide EHPE” manufactured by Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd.”
- an epoxy resin obtained by glycidylation of a phenol resin by the reaction of dicyclopentadiene and phenol for example, manufactured by Dainippon Ink, Inc. "EXA-7200", manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., and epoxy resins represented by the following general formulas (d1) to (d4).
- b11 represents an average value and represents a number from 0 to 10.
- R 11 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, or a biphenyl group.
- the plurality of R 11 present in one molecule may be the being the same or different.
- R 21 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, or a biphenyl group.
- a plurality of R 21 present in one molecule may be the same as or different from each other.
- X represents a linking group represented by the following general formula (d3-1) or (d3-2). However, one or more adamantane structures are included in the molecular structure.
- b13 represents an integer of 2 or 3.
- R 31 to R 34 and R 35 to R 37 are each independently an adamantyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a substituent which may have a substituent.
- * in each formula represents a binding site in formula (d3).
- p and q each independently represent an integer of 0 to 4
- R 41 and R 42 each independently represent an alkyl group or a halogen atom
- R 43 and R 44 each independently represents an alkylene group
- x and y each independently represents an integer of 0 or more.
- an epoxy resin represented by any one of the general formulas (d1) to (d4) it is preferable to use an epoxy resin represented by any one of the general formulas (d1) to (d4).
- Examples of ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated monocarboxylic acid or ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated monocarboxylic acid ester having a carboxyl group include (meth) acrylic acid, crotonic acid, o-, m-, p-vinylbenzoic acid, Monocarboxylic acids such as ⁇ -position haloalkyl, alkoxyl, halogen, nitro, and cyano substituents of (meth) acrylic acid, 2- (meth) acryloyloxyethyl succinic acid, 2- (meth) acryloyloxyethyl adipic acid, 2 -(Meth) acryloyloxyethyl phthalic acid, 2- (meth) acryloyloxyethyl hexahydrophthalic acid, 2- (meth) acryloyloxyethyl maleic acid, 2- (meth) acryloyloxypropyl succinic acid, 2 -(Met
- (meth) acrylic acid is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of sensitivity.
- an ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated monocarboxylic acid or an ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated monocarboxylic acid ester having a carboxyl group can be used as a method for adding an ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated monocarboxylic acid or an ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated monocarboxylic acid ester having a carboxyl group.
- a known method can be used as a method for adding an ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated monocarboxylic acid or an ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated monocarboxylic acid ester having a carboxyl group.
- an epoxy resin at a temperature of 50 to 150 ° C. in the presence of an esterification catalyst. it can.
- esterification catalyst used here examples include tertiary amines such as triethylamine, trimethylamine, benzyldimethylamine, and benzyldiethylamine, and quaternary ammonium salts such as tetramethylammonium chloride, tetraethylammonium chloride, and dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride. be able to.
- the epoxy resin, ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated monocarboxylic acid or ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated monocarboxylic acid ester having a carboxyl group, and esterification catalyst may be used alone or in combination of two types. You may use the above together.
- the amount of ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated monocarboxylic acid or ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated monocarboxylic acid ester having a carboxyl group is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 1.2 equivalents relative to 1 equivalent of epoxy group of the epoxy resin. More preferably, it is in the range of 0.7 to 1.1 equivalents.
- polybasic acid and / or anhydride thereof examples include maleic acid, succinic acid, itaconic acid, phthalic acid, tetrahydrophthalic acid, hexahydrophthalic acid, pyromellitic acid, trimellitic acid, benzophenone tetracarboxylic acid, methylhexa
- examples thereof include one or more selected from hydrophthalic acid, endomethylenetetrahydrophthalic acid, chlorendic acid, methyltetrahydrophthalic acid, biphenyltetracarboxylic acid, and anhydrides thereof.
- maleic acid succinic acid, itaconic acid, phthalic acid, tetrahydrophthalic acid, hexahydrophthalic acid, pyromellitic acid, trimellitic acid or biphenyltetracarboxylic acid, or anhydrides thereof.
- Particularly preferred is tetrahydrophthalic acid, biphenyltetracarboxylic acid, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, or biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride.
- a known method can be used for addition reaction of polybasic acid and / or anhydride thereof, and ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated monocarboxylic acid or ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated monocarboxylic acid having a carboxyl group to epoxy resin.
- the target product can be obtained by continuing the reaction under the same conditions as in the ester addition reaction.
- the addition amount of the polybasic acid and / or its anhydride component is preferably such that the acid value of the resulting carboxyl group-containing epoxy (meth) acrylate resin is in the range of 10 to 150 mgKOH / g, and further 20 The degree is preferably in the range of ⁇ 140 mgKOH / g.
- polyhydric alcohols such as trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, and dipentaerythritol may be added during the addition reaction synthesis of polybasic acid and / or its anhydride to introduce a multi-branched structure.
- Epoxy (meth) acrylate resins (D1-1) and (D1-2) are usually composed of an epoxy resin and an ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated monocarboxylic acid or an ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated monocarboxylic acid ester having a carboxyl group.
- the product is obtained by mixing a polybasic acid and / or its anhydride and a polyhydric alcohol, followed by heating.
- the mixing order of the polybasic acid and / or its anhydride and the polyhydric alcohol is not particularly limited. Any hydroxyl group present in the mixture of the reaction product of the epoxy resin with the ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated monocarboxylic acid or the ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated monocarboxylic acid ester having a carboxyl group and the polyhydric alcohol by heating. To the polybasic acid and / or its anhydride.
- carboxyl groups are added to the epoxy resin component and the ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated monocarboxylic acid or ester moiety.
- the amount is usually about 0.01 to 0.5 times by mass, preferably about 0.02 to 0.2 times by mass with respect to the reaction product with the ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated monocarboxylic acid ester component.
- the acid value of the epoxy (meth) acrylate resins (D1-1) and (D1-2) thus obtained is usually 10 mgKOH / g or more, preferably 50 mgKOH / g or more. If the acid value is less than 10 mgKOH / g, developability may be insufficient.
- the acid value is excessively high, there is a problem in the alkali resistance of the photosensitive resin composition (that is, the alkaline developer may cause roughening of the pattern surface or film loss). It is preferably 200 mgKOH / g or less, and more preferably 150 mgKOH / g or less.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) in terms of polystyrene measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) of the epoxy (meth) acrylate resins (D1-1) and (D1-2) is preferably 1,000 or more. , 500 or more. Further, it is preferably 10,000 or less, more preferably 8,000 or less, and still more preferably 6,000 or less. If the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is too small, there may be a problem in sensitivity, coating strength or alkali resistance, and if it is too large, there may be a problem in developability or re-solubility.
- acrylic copolymer resin examples include, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-207211, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-259876, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-300922, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-140144, Japan Various types of documents described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 11-174224, 2000-56118, 2003-233179, 2007-270147, etc.
- molecular compounds can be used, the following resins (D2-1) to (D2-4) are preferred. Among these, among the resins (D2-1) to (D2-4), the resins (D2-1) and (D2-3) are preferable.
- a resin obtained by addition or a resin obtained by adding a polybasic acid anhydride to at least a part of the hydroxyl group generated by the addition reaction hereinafter sometimes referred to as “(D2-1) resin”).
- the (D2-1) resin is also included in the concept of epoxy (meth) acrylate resin.
- each of these resins will be described.
- Epoxy group-containing (meth) acrylate constituting the resin includes, for example, glycidyl (meth) acrylate, 3,4-epoxybutyl (meth) acrylate, (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) methyl ( And (meth) acrylate and 4-hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate glycidyl ether. Of these, glycidyl (meth) acrylate is preferred. These epoxy group-containing (meth) acrylates may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the other radical polymerizable monomer copolymerized with the epoxy group-containing (meth) acrylate is preferably a mono (meth) acrylate having a structure represented by the following general formula (11).
- R 81 to R 88 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and R 87 and R 88 are connected to each other to form a ring. May be.
- the ring formed by linking R 87 and R 88 is preferably an aliphatic ring, which may be saturated or unsaturated, and has 5 to 6 carbon atoms. Is preferred.
- the structure represented by following formula (11a), (11b), or (11c) is preferable.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention when used for a color filter or an image display device, its heat resistance and strength can be increased.
- R 89 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- R 90 represents a structure represented by the general formula (11).
- the repeating unit derived from the mono (meth) acrylate having the structure represented by the general formula (11) is: Among repeating units derived from “other radical polymerizable monomers”, those containing 5 to 90 mol% are preferable, and those containing 15 to 50 mol% are particularly preferable.
- the “other radical polymerizable monomer” other than the mono (meth) acrylate having the structure represented by the general formula (11) is not particularly limited.
- repeating units derived from other radically polymerizable monomers are preferably 10 to 95 mol%, particularly preferably the former 30 to 70 mol% and the latter 70 to 30 mol%.
- an unsaturated monobasic acid (polymerizable component) is added to the epoxy group portion of a copolymer of the above-mentioned epoxy resin-containing (meth) acrylate and another radical polymerizable monomer, The polybasic acid anhydride is reacted.
- the “unsaturated monobasic acid” to be added to the epoxy group various ones can be used, and examples thereof include unsaturated carboxylic acids having an ethylenically unsaturated double bond. Specific examples include (meth) acrylic acid, crotonic acid, o-, m-, or p-vinylbenzoic acid, the ⁇ -position is substituted with a haloalkyl group, an alkoxyl group, a halogen atom, a nitro group, or a cyano group. And monocarboxylic acids such as (meth) acrylic acid. Of these, (meth) acrylic acid is preferred. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. By adding such components, it is possible to impart polymerizability to the (D2-1) resin.
- These unsaturated monobasic acids are usually added to 10 to 100 mol% of the epoxy group of the copolymer, preferably 50 to 100 mol%.
- polybasic acid anhydride to be added to the hydroxyl group generated when an unsaturated monobasic acid is added to the epoxy group of the copolymer
- dibasic acid anhydrides such as maleic anhydride, succinic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, hexahydrophthalic anhydride and chlorendic anhydride; trimellitic anhydride, pyromellitic anhydride, benzophenone
- examples include anhydrides of three or more bases such as tetracarboxylic acid anhydride and biphenyltetracarboxylic acid anhydride. Of these, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride and succinic anhydride are preferred.
- These polybasic acid anhydrides may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together.
- polybasic acid anhydrides are usually added to 10 to 100 mol% of the hydroxyl group generated by adding an unsaturated monobasic acid to the epoxy group of the copolymer, preferably 30 to 80 mol. %.
- the linear alkali-soluble resin containing a carboxyl group in the main chain is not particularly limited as long as it has a carboxyl group, and usually obtained by polymerizing a polymerizable monomer containing a carboxyl group. It is done.
- carboxyl group-containing polymerizable monomer examples include (meth) acrylic acid, maleic acid, crotonic acid, itaconic acid, fumaric acid, 2- (meth) acryloyloxyethyl succinic acid, and 2- (meth) acryloyloxyethyl adipic acid.
- (meth) acrylic acid or 2- (meth) acryloyloxyethyl succinic acid is preferable, and (meth) acrylic acid is more preferable.
- the (D2-2) resin may be one obtained by copolymerizing the above carboxyl group-containing polymerizable monomer with another polymerizable monomer having no carboxyl group.
- the other polymerizable monomer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include those described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2009-52010.
- a copolymer resin containing benzyl (meth) acrylate is particularly preferred from the viewpoint of excellent pigment dispersibility.
- Examples of the epoxy group-containing unsaturated compound include glycidyl (meth) acrylate, allyl glycidyl ether, glycidyl- ⁇ -ethyl acrylate, crotonyl glycidyl ether, (iso) crotonic acid glycidyl ether, N- (3,5-dimethyl).
- acyclic epoxy group-containing unsaturated compounds such as -4-glycidyl) benzylacrylamide and 4-hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate glycidyl ether. From the viewpoints of heat resistance and pigment dispersibility, the following alicyclic epoxy group-containing unsaturated compounds are preferred.
- examples of the alicyclic epoxy group of the alicyclic epoxy group-containing unsaturated compound include 2,3-epoxycyclopentyl group, 3,4-epoxycyclohexyl group, and 7,8-epoxy [tricyclo [5.2. 1.0] dec-2-yl] group and the like.
- the ethylenically unsaturated group is preferably derived from a (meth) acryloyl group.
- Examples of the (D2-4) (meth) acrylic resin include a (meth) acrylic resin obtained by polymerizing a monomer component essentially containing a compound represented by the following general formula (6).
- R 71 and R 72 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms which may have a substituent.
- the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms which may have a substituent represented by R 71 and R 72 is not particularly limited.
- Linear or branched alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, t-amyl, stearyl, lauryl and 2-ethylhexyl; aryl groups such as phenyl; Cycloaliphatic groups such as cyclohexyl, t-butylcyclohexyl, dicyclopentadienyl, tricyclodecanyl, isobornyl, adamantyl and 2-methyl-2-adamantyl; alkoxy groups such as 1-methoxyethyl and 1-ethoxyethyl A substituted alkyl group; an alkyl group substituted with an aryl group such as benz
- R 71 and R 72 may be the same type of substituent or different substituents.
- Examples of the ether dimer represented by the general formula (6) include dimethyl-2,2 ′-[oxybis (methylene)] bis-2-propenoate, diethyl-2,2 ′-[oxybis (methylene)] bis- 2-propenoate, dicyclohexyl-2,2 ′-[oxybis (methylene)] bis-2-propenoate or dibenzyl-2,2 ′-[oxybis (methylene)] bis-2-propenoate are preferred. These ether dimers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the ratio of the ether dimer in the monomer component in obtaining the resin is not particularly limited, but is usually 2 to 60% by mass, preferably 5 to 50% by mass in the total monomer components.
- the resin preferably has an acid group.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention obtained using the acid group has a crosslinking reaction (hereinafter referred to as “acid-epoxy curing”) in which an acid group and an epoxy group react to form an ester bond.
- a photosensitive resin composition capable of being visualized with an alkaline developer.
- the acid group is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a carboxyl group, a phenolic hydroxyl group, and a carboxylic anhydride group. These acid groups contained in one molecule of resin may be only one kind or two or more kinds.
- Examples of the monomer having an acid group include a monomer having a carboxyl group such as (meth) acrylic acid or itaconic acid; a monomer having a phenolic hydroxyl group such as N-hydroxyphenylmaleimide; and maleic anhydride or itaconic anhydride. And monomers having a carboxylic anhydride group.
- (meth) acrylic acid is particularly preferable.
- Examples of the monomer capable of imparting an acid group after the polymerization include, for example, a monomer having a hydroxyl group such as 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate; a monomer having an epoxy group such as glycidyl (meth) acrylate; ) Monomers having an isocyanate group such as acrylate.
- These monomers for introducing an acid group may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content is usually 5 to 70% by mass, preferably 10 to 60%, based on the total monomer components. % By mass.
- the monomer component for obtaining the resin may contain other copolymerizable monomers, if necessary, in addition to the essential monomer component.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention comprises the above-mentioned epoxy (meth) acrylate resin (D1-1), epoxy (meth) acrylate resin (D1-2), (D2-1) resin as alkali-soluble resin (d), Any one of (D2-2) resin, (D2-3) resin and (D2-4) resin is preferably included, and epoxy (meth) acrylate resin (D1-1), epoxy (meth) acrylate resin (D1 -2), (D2-1) resin, and (D2-3) resin 1 are more preferable.
- Epoxy (meth) acrylate resin (D1-1) and / or epoxy (meth) acrylate resin (D1 -2) is particularly preferred.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention is not limited to the epoxy (meth) acrylate resin (D1-1), epoxy (meth) acrylate resin (D1-2), and (D2-1) to (D2-4) resins described above.
- the alkali-soluble resin (b) one or more of other alkali-soluble resins may be contained.
- alkali-soluble resins are not limited and may be selected from resins usually used for photosensitive resin compositions. Examples thereof include alkali-soluble resins described in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2007-271727, Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2007-316620, Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2007-334290, and the like.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention contains a color material (a).
- the color material (a) refers to a colorant for the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention.
- dyed pigments can be used, but pigments are preferred from the viewpoint of heat resistance and light resistance.
- the pigment examples include pigments of various colors such as a blue pigment, a green pigment, a red pigment, a yellow pigment, a purple pigment, an orange pigment, a brown pigment, and a black pigment.
- the structure includes, for example, various inorganic pigments in addition to organic pigments such as azo, phthalocyanine, quinacridone, benzimidazolone, isoindolinone, dioxazine, indanthrene, and perylene. Is mentioned.
- pigments that can be used in the present invention are shown by pigment numbers. Note that terms such as “CI Pigment Red 2” mentioned below mean a color index (CI).
- red pigments examples include C.I. I. Pigment Red 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 21, 22, 23, 31, 32, 37, 38, 41, 47, 48, 48: 1, 48: 2, 48: 3, 48: 4, 49, 49: 1, 49: 2, 50: 1, 52: 1, 52: 2, 53, 53: 1, 53: 2, 53: 3, 57, 57: 1, 57: 2, 58: 4, 60, 63, 63: 1, 63: 2, 64, 64: 1, 68, 69, 81, 81: 1, 81: 2, 81: 3, 81: 4, 83, 88, 90: 1, 101, 101: 1, 104, 108, 108: 1, 109, 112, 113, 114, 122, 123, 144, 146, 147, 149, 151, 166, 168, 169, 170, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 17 , 181, 185, 187, 188, 190, 193, 194, 200
- C.I. I. Pigment Red 48 1, 122, 168, 177, 202, 206, 207, 209, 224, 242, or 254, more preferably C.I. I. Pigment red 177, 209, 224, 254.
- blue pigments examples include C.I. I. Pigment Blue 1, 1: 2, 9, 14, 15, 15: 1, 15: 2, 15: 3, 15: 4, 15: 6, 16, 17, 19, 25, 27, 28, 29, 33, 35, 36, 56, 56: 1, 60, 61, 61: 1, 62, 63, 66, 67, 68, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 78 and 79. Of these, C.I. I. Pigment Blue 15, 15: 1, 15: 2, 15: 3, 15: 4 or 15: 6, more preferably C.I. I. Pigment blue 15: 6.
- green pigments examples include C.I. I. Pigment green 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 10, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 26, 36, 45, 48, 50, 51, 54 and 55. Of these, C.I. I. And CI Pigment Green 7, 36 or 58.
- yellow pigments examples include C.I. I. Pigment Yellow 1, 1: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 24, 31, 32, 34, 35, 35: 1, 36, 36: 1, 37, 37: 1, 40, 41, 42, 43, 48, 53, 55, 61, 62, 62: 1, 63, 65, 73, 74, 75, 81, 83, 87, 93, 94, 95, 97, 100, 101, 104, 105, 108, 109, 110, 111, 116, 117, 119, 120, 126, 127, 127: 1, 128, 129, 133, 134, 136, 138, 139, 142, 147, 148, 150, 151, 153, 154, 155, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 172, 17 174, 175, 176, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184
- orange pigments examples include C.I. I. Pigment Orange 1, 2, 5, 13, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 34, 36, 38, 39, 43, 46, 48, 49, 61, 62, 64, 65, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 77, 78 and 79. Of these, C.I. I. And CI pigment orange 38 or 71.
- purple pigments examples include C.I. I. Pigment Violet 1, 1: 1, 2, 2: 2, 3, 3: 1, 3: 3, 5, 5: 1, 14, 15, 16, 19, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 32, 37, 39, 42, 44, 47, 49 and 50. Of these, C.I. I. Pigment violet 19 or 23, more preferably C.I. I. And CI Pigment Violet 23.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention is a photosensitive resin composition for a resin black matrix of a color filter
- a black color material can be used as the color material (a).
- the black color material may be a single black color material or a mixture of red, green, blue, and the like. These color materials can be appropriately selected from inorganic or organic pigments and dyes.
- C.I. I Yellow pigments 20, 24, 86, 93, 109, 110, 117, 125, 137, 138, 147, 148, 153, 154 and 166
- C.I. I. Orange pigments 36, 43, 51, 55, 59 and 61 C.I. I. Red pigments 9, 97, 122, 123, 149, 168, 177, 180, 192, 215, 216, 217, 220, 223, 224, 226, 227, 228 and 240, C.I. I. Violet pigments 19, 23, 29, 30, 37, 40 and 50, C.I. I. Blue pigment 15, 15: 1, 15: 4, 22, 60 and 64, C.I. I. Green pigment 7 and C.I. I. Examples thereof include brown pigments 23, 25, and 26.
- black color material examples include carbon black, acetylene black, lamp black, bone black, graphite, iron black, aniline black, cyanine black, and titanium black.
- carbon black examples include the following carbon black.
- Printex (registered trademark; same applies hereinafter) 3, Printex3OP, Printex30, Printex30OP, Printex40, Printex45, Printex55, Printex60, Printex75, Printex80, PrintP85, PrintP85, PrintP85 U, Printex V, PrintexG, SpecialBlack550, SpecialBlack350, SpecialBlack250, SpecialBlack100, SpecialBlack6, SpecialBlack5, SpecialBlack4, BlackBlack4 lor Black FW2, Color Black FW2V, Color Black FW18, Color Black FW18, Color Black FW200, Color Black S160 and Color Black S170
- Monarch registered trademark; the same shall apply hereinafter
- Monarch 280 Monarch 460, Monarch 800, Monarch 880, Monarch 900, Monarch 1000, Monarch 1100, Monarch 1300, Monarch 1400, Monarch 4630, REGAL (99, REGAL 99) REGAL415R, REGAL250, REGAL250R, REGAL330, REGAL400R, REGAL55R0, REGAL660R, BLACK PEARLS480, PEARLS130, VULCAN (registered trademark; the same applies hereinafter) XC72R and ELFTEX (registered trademark) -8
- RAVEN Made by Colombian Carbon: RAVEN (registered trademark; the same shall apply hereinafter) 11, RAVEN14, RAVEN15, RAVEN16, RAVEN22RAVEN30, RAVEN35, RAVEN40, RAVEN410, RAVEN420, RAVEN450, RAVEN500, RAVEN780, RAVEN850, RA401000RA, VENT20 , RAVEN1080U, RAVEN1170, RAVEN1190U, RAVEN1250, RAVEN1500, RAVEN2000, RAVEN2500U, RAVEN3500, RAVEN5000, RAVEN5250, RAVEN5750 and RAVEN7000
- Carbon black coated with resin may be used. When carbon black coated with resin is used, there is an effect of improving adhesion to a glass substrate and volume resistance.
- carbon black coated with the resin for example, carbon black described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 09-71733 can be preferably used.
- the total content of Na and Ca is preferably 100 ppm or less. This is due to the following reason. That is, carbon black is usually Na, Ca, K, Mg, Al or Fe mixed from raw material oil or combustion oil (or gas) at the time of production, reaction stop water or granulated water, or furnace materials of a reaction furnace. The ash content of etc. is contained on the order of percent. Of these, Na and Ca are generally contained in a few hundred ppm or more, but if they are present in large quantities, they penetrate into the transparent electrode (ITO) or other electrodes, causing electrical shorts. This is because there is a case.
- ITO transparent electrode
- titanium black As examples of other black pigments, titanium black, aniline black, iron oxide black pigments, and organic pigments of three colors of red, green and blue can be mixed and used as black pigments.
- pigment barium sulfate, lead sulfate, titanium oxide, yellow lead, bengara, chromium oxide, or the like can also be used.
- pigments can be used in combination.
- a green pigment and a yellow pigment can be used in combination, or a blue pigment and a violet pigment can be used in combination.
- the average primary particle diameter of the pigment which is the color material (a) used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it can produce a desired color when used as a colored layer of a color filter.
- Pigment to be used Depending on the type, it is preferably in the range of 10 to 100 nm, more preferably in the range of 10 to 70 nm, and still more preferably in the range of 20 to 60 nm.
- the average primary particle diameter of the pigment is within the above range, the color characteristics of the image display device manufactured using the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention can be made high quality.
- the average primary particle size is preferably 100 nm or less, more preferably 80 nm or less, still more preferably 60 nm or less, and particularly preferably 50 nm or less. Further, when the pigment is carbon black, the average primary particle size is preferably 20 nm or more, more preferably 24 nm or more, and particularly preferably 27 nm or more.
- the amount is not more than the above upper limit value, the incorporation of the pigment by the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) becomes good, and the alkali development resistance and heat resistance tend to be improved.
- the lower limit value or more there is a tendency that a decrease in dispersibility due to the necessity of a large amount of the dispersant (b) can be suppressed.
- the average primary particle size of the pigment can be determined by directly measuring the primary particle size from an electron micrograph. Specifically, the minor axis diameter and major axis diameter of each primary particle are measured, and the average is taken as the particle diameter of the particle. Next, for 100 or more particles, the volume (weight) of each particle is obtained by approximating it to a rectangular parallelepiped having the obtained particle size, and the volume average particle size is obtained and used as the average primary particle size. Note that the same result can be obtained regardless of whether the electron microscope is a transmission type (TEM) or a scanning type (SEM).
- TEM transmission type
- SEM scanning type
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention preferably contains a pigment as the colorant (a), but in addition, a dye may be used in combination as long as the effect of the present invention is not affected.
- a dye may be used in combination as long as the effect of the present invention is not affected. Examples of the dye that can be used in combination include azo dyes, anthraquinone dyes, phthalocyanine dyes, quinoneimine dyes, quinoline dyes, nitro dyes, carbonyl dyes, and methine dyes.
- azo dyes include C.I. I. Acid Yellow 11, C.I. I. Acid Orange 7, C.I. I. Acid Red 37, C.I. I. Acid Red 180, C.I. I. Acid Blue 29, C.I. I. Direct Red 28, C.I. I. Direct Red 83, C.I. I. Direct Yellow 12, C.I. I. Direct Orange 26, C.I. I. Direct Green 28, C.I. I. Direct Green 59, C.I. I. Reactive Yellow 2, C.I. I. Reactive Red 17, C.I. I. Reactive Red 120, C.I. I. Reactive Black 5, C.I. I. Disperse Orange 5, C.I. I. Disperse thread 58, C.I. I. Disperse blue 165, C.I. I. Basic Blue 41, C.I. I. Basic Red 18, C.I. I. Molded Red 7, C.I. I. Moldant Yellow 5 and C.I. I. Examples thereof include Moldant Black 7.
- anthraquinone dyes examples include C.I. I. Bat Blue 4, C.I. I. Acid Blue 40, C.I. I. Acid Green 25, C.I. I. Reactive Blue 19, C.I. I. Reactive Blue 49, C.I. I. Disperse thread 60, C.I. I. Disperse Blue 56 and C.I. I. Disperse Blue 60 etc. are mentioned.
- phthalocyanine dyes examples include C.I. I. Pad blue 5 etc. are mentioned.
- quinoneimine dyes examples include C.I. I. Basic Blue 3 and C.I. I. Basic blue 9 etc. are mentioned.
- Examples of quinoline dyes include C.I. I. Solvent Yellow 33, C.I. I. Acid Yellow 3 and C.I. I. Disperse Yellow 64 and the like.
- Examples of nitro dyes include C.I. I. Acid Yellow 1, C.I. I. Acid Orange 3 and C.I. I. Disperse Yellow 42 and the like.
- the photosensitive resin composition of this invention contains a photopolymerizable monomer from points, such as a sensitivity.
- Examples of the photopolymerizable monomer used in the present invention include compounds having at least one ethylenically unsaturated group in the molecule (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “ethylenic monomer”).
- a polyfunctional ethylenic monomer having two or more ethylenically unsaturated groups in one molecule it is particularly preferable to use a polyfunctional ethylenic monomer having two or more ethylenically unsaturated groups in one molecule.
- Examples of such polyfunctional ethylenic monomers include esters of aliphatic polyhydroxy compounds and unsaturated carboxylic acids; esters of aromatic polyhydroxy compounds and unsaturated carboxylic acids; aliphatic polyhydroxy compounds and aromatic polyhydroxy compounds. Examples thereof include esters obtained by an esterification reaction of a polyvalent hydroxy compound such as a hydroxy compound with an unsaturated carboxylic acid and a polybasic carboxylic acid.
- ester of the aliphatic polyhydroxy compound and the unsaturated carboxylic acid examples include ethylene glycol diacrylate, triethylene glycol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, trimethylolethane triacrylate, pentaerythritol diacrylate, and pentaerythritol triacrylate.
- Acrylate esters of aliphatic polyhydroxy compounds such as acrylate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, dipentaerythritol tetraacrylate, dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate, dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate and glycerol acrylate, and acrylates of these exemplified compounds were replaced with methacrylate Methacrylic acid ester, itaconic acid similarly replaced with itaconate Ester, maleic acid ester and the like instead of the crotonic acid ester and maleate was changed to Kuroneto the like.
- ester of an aromatic polyhydroxy compound and an unsaturated carboxylic acid examples include acrylic acid esters and methacrylic esters of aromatic polyhydroxy compounds such as hydroquinone diacrylate, hydroquinone dimethacrylate, resorcin diacrylate, resorcin dimethacrylate, and pyrogallol triacrylate. Acid ester etc. are mentioned.
- the ester obtained by the esterification reaction of a polybasic carboxylic acid and an unsaturated carboxylic acid and a polyvalent hydroxy compound is not necessarily a single substance, but representative examples include acrylic acid, phthalic acid, and ethylene. Examples include a condensate of glycol, a condensate of acrylic acid, maleic acid, and diethylene glycol, a condensate of methacrylic acid, terephthalic acid, and pentaerythritol, and a condensate of acrylic acid, adipic acid, butanediol, and glycerin.
- polyfunctional ethylenic monomer used in the present invention for example, a polyisocyanate compound and a hydroxyl group-containing (meth) acrylate ester or a polyisocyanate compound and a polyol and a hydroxyl group-containing (meth) acrylate ester are reacted.
- polyfunctional ethylenic monomer used in the present invention for example, a compound having a caprolactone structure and two or more ethylenically unsaturated groups in the molecule (hereinafter referred to as “caprolactone structure-containing polyfunctional monomer”).
- caprolactone structure-containing polyfunctional monomer a compound having a caprolactone structure and two or more ethylenically unsaturated groups in the molecule
- caprolactone structure-containing polyfunctional monomer examples include trimethylolethane, ditrimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, ditrimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol, glycerin, diglycerol or trimethylolmelamine
- ⁇ -caprolactone is bonded to the ring-opening skeleton by a ring-opening addition reaction, and the terminal hydroxyl group of the ring-opening skeleton is reacted with (meth) acryloyl chloride or esterified with (meth) acrylic acid.
- an ⁇ -caprolactone structure-containing polyfunctional (meth) acrylate that can be synthesized by a known method for introducing a (meth) acryloyl group can be given.
- Such caprolactone structure-containing polyfunctional monomers include the following commercially available monomers.
- dipentaerythritol is used as a polyhydric alcohol, which is esterified with acrylic acid and ⁇ -caprolactone, which is commercially available from Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd. as KAYARAD DPCA series, DPCA-20, DPCA- 30, DPCA-60, DPCA-120 and the like, and are preferably used as the photopolymerizable monomer of the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention.
- ⁇ -caprolactone-modified tris- (2-acryloxyethyl) isocyanurate compound A-9300-1CL of Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd. (1 mol of ⁇ -caprolactone structure in 1 mol of compound)
- Those having these ⁇ -caprolactone structures in an amount of 0.1 to 9 mol, more preferably 1 to 3 mol, in 1 mol of the compound are also included in the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention. It is preferably used as a polymerizable monomer.
- the photopolymerizable monomer of the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention pentaerythritol is used as the polyhydric alcohol, and ⁇ -caprolactone and ⁇ -caprolactone are esterified and then acrylic acid is further esterified to the terminal hydroxyl group.
- ⁇ -caprolactone and ⁇ -caprolactone are esterified and then acrylic acid is further esterified to the terminal hydroxyl group.
- acrylic acid is further esterified to the terminal hydroxyl group.
- photopolymerizable monomers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention preferably contains a thiol for increasing the sensitivity and improving the adhesion to the substrate.
- thiols examples include hexanedithiol, decanedithiol, 1,4-dimethylmercaptobenzene, butanediol bisthiopropionate, butanediol bisthioglycolate, ethylene glycol bisthioglycolate, trimethylolpropane tristhiol.
- thiols may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention is usually used as an alkali-soluble resin (d), a photopolymerizable monomer, a photopolymerization initiator (c), a colorant (a), a dispersant (b), and as required.
- Various materials to be used are used in a state of being dissolved or dispersed in the solvent (e).
- the solvent (e) used in the present invention it is preferable to select an organic solvent having a boiling point (under a pressure of 1013.25 [hPa], hereinafter the same regarding the boiling point) in the range of 100 to 300 ° C. More preferably, the organic solvent has a boiling point of 120 to 280 ° C. Examples of such organic solvents include the following.
- Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monopropyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether, propylene glycol t-butyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl Ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether, methoxymethylpentanol, dipropylene glycol monoethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, 3-methyl-3-methoxybutanol, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether, triethylene glycol mono Chirueteru and glycol monoalkyl ethers such as tripropylene glycol methyl ether;
- Glycol dialkyl ethers such as ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol dipropyl ether, diethylene glycol dibutyl ether and dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether;
- Glycol diacetates such as ethylene glycol diacetate, 1,3-butylene glycol diacetate and 1,6-hexanol diacetate;
- Alkyl acetates such as cyclohexanol acetate
- Ethers such as amyl ether, diethyl ether, dipropyl ether, diisopropyl ether, dibutyl ether, diamyl ether, ethyl isobutyl ether and dihexyl ether;
- Monovalent or polyhydric alcohols such as ethanol, propanol, butanol, hexanol, cyclohexanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butanediol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, triethylene glycol, methoxymethylpentanol, glycerin and benzyl alcohol;
- Aliphatic hydrocarbons such as n-pentane, n-octane, diisobutylene, n-hexane, hexene, isoprene, dipentene and dodecane;
- Alicyclic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, methylcyclohexene and bicyclohexyl;
- Aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene and cumene;
- Alkoxy carboxylic acids such as 3-methoxypropionic acid and 3-ethoxypropionic acid
- Halogenated hydrocarbons such as butyl chloride and amyl chloride
- Ether ketones such as methoxymethylpentanone
- Nitriles such as acetonitrile and benzonitrile:
- solvents corresponding to the above include, for example, mineral spirit, Barsol # 2, Apco # 18 Solvent, Apco thinner, Soal Solvent No. 1 and no. 2, Solvesso # 150, Shell TS28, Solvent, Carbitol, Ethylcarbitol, Butylcarbitol, Methylcellosolve (“Cellosolve” is a registered trademark, the same shall apply hereinafter), Ethylcellosolve, Ethylcellosolve acetate, Methylcellosolve acetate and Diglyme (any Product name).
- organic solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- an organic solvent having a boiling point in the range of 100 to 200 ° C. More preferably, it has a boiling point of 120 to 170 ° C.
- glycol alkyl ether acetates are preferable from the viewpoints of good balance in coating properties, surface tension, and the like, and relatively high solubility of the constituent components in the composition.
- glycol alkyl ether acetates may be used alone or in combination with other organic solvents.
- organic solvent used in combination glycol monoalkyl ethers are particularly preferable.
- propylene glycol monomethyl ether is particularly preferred because of the solubility of the constituent components in the composition.
- glycol monoalkyl ethers have high polarity, and if the addition amount is too large, the coloring material (a) such as pigment tends to aggregate, and the viscosity of the photosensitive resin composition obtained later increases. Therefore, the proportion of glycol monoalkyl ethers in the solvent (e) is preferably 5 to 30% by mass, more preferably 5 to 20% by mass.
- an organic solvent having a boiling point of 150 ° C. or higher hereinafter sometimes referred to as “high boiling solvent”
- high boiling solvent an organic solvent having a boiling point of 150 ° C. or higher
- the photosensitive resin composition becomes difficult to dry, but the uniform dispersion state of the coloring material (a) in the composition is prevented from being destroyed by rapid drying. effective. That is, for example, there is an effect of preventing the occurrence of foreign matter defects due to the precipitation and solidification of the color material (a) at the slit nozzle tip.
- diethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether diethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether acetate
- diethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate diethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate are particularly preferred because of their high effects.
- the content of the high boiling point solvent in the solvent (e) is preferably 3 to 50% by mass, more preferably 5 to 40% by mass, and particularly preferably 5 to 30% by mass. If the amount of the high-boiling solvent is too small, for example, the coloring material (a) may precipitate and solidify at the tip of the slit nozzle to cause a foreign matter defect. There is a concern that it may cause problems such as a tact defect in a vacuum drying process and a pin mark of prebaking in a color filter manufacturing process described later.
- the high boiling point solvent having a boiling point of 150 ° C. or higher may be glycol alkyl ether acetates or glycol monoalkyl ethers. In this case, a high boiling point solvent having a boiling point of 150 ° C. or higher is separately contained. It doesn't have to be.
- Preferred high boiling solvents include, for example, diethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, dipropylene glycol methyl ether acetate, 1,3-butylene glycol diacetate, 1,6-hexanol among the above-mentioned various solvents. Examples thereof include diacetate and triacetin.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention includes an adhesion improver, a coatability improver, a development improver, an ultraviolet absorber, an antioxidant, a silane coupling agent, a surfactant, a pigment derivative,
- a polymerization accelerator, a photoacid generator, a crosslinking agent, a plasticizer, a storage stabilizer, a surface protective agent, an organic carboxylic acid, an organic carboxylic acid anhydride, a development improver, a thermal polymerization inhibitor, and the like can be appropriately blended.
- an adhesion improver may be included in the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention.
- the adhesion improver include silane coupling agents, phosphoric acid adhesion improvers, and other adhesion improvers.
- silane coupling agents various types such as epoxy-based, (meth) acrylic-based, and amino-based ones can be used alone or in admixture of two or more.
- Preferred silane coupling agents include, for example, (meth) acryloxysilanes such as 3-methacryloxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane and 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 2- (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) ethyltrimethoxysilane Epoxy silanes such as 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane and 3-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane, ureidosilanes such as 3-ureidopropyltriethoxysilane, and Isocyanate silanes such as 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane. Particularly preferred are epoxysilane silane coupling agents.
- (meth) acryloyloxy group-containing phosphates are preferable, and those represented by the following general formula (g1), (g2) or (g3) are particularly preferable.
- R 51 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- l and l ′ are integers of 1 to 10
- m is 1, 2 or 3.
- adhesion improvers examples include TEGO * Add Bond LTH (manufactured by Evonik).
- phosphate adhesion improvers and other adhesion improvers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the photosensitive coloring composition of the present invention may contain a surfactant in order to improve coatability.
- surfactant for example, various types such as anionic, cationic, nonionic, and amphoteric surfactants can be used.
- nonionic surfactants are preferably used because they are unlikely to adversely affect various properties, and fluorine or silicon surfactants are particularly effective in terms of coating properties.
- surfactants examples include TSF4460 (manufactured by GE Toshiba Silicone), DFX-18 (manufactured by Neos), BYK-300, BYK-325, BYK-330 (manufactured by BYK Chemie), and KP340 (Shin-Etsu Silicone).
- F-470, F-475, F-478, F-559 (Dainippon Ink & Chemicals), SH7PA (Toray Silicone), DS-401 (Daikin), L-77 Nippon Unicar) and FC4430 (Sumitomo 3M).
- surfactants may be used alone or in combination of two or more in any combination and ratio.
- the photosensitive coloring composition of the present invention may contain a pigment derivative for improving dispersibility and storage stability.
- the combined use of the dispersant (b) and the pigment derivative is preferable from the viewpoint of improving dispersibility.
- pigment derivatives examples include azo, phthalocyanine, quinacridone, benzimidazolone, quinophthalone, isoindolinone, dioxazine, anthraquinone, indanthrene, perylene, perinone, diketopyrrolopyrrole. And derivatives such as dioxazine and dioxazine. Of these, phthalocyanine or quinophthalone is preferable.
- substituent of the pigment derivative examples include a sulfonic acid group, a sulfonamide group and a quaternary salt thereof, a phthalimidomethyl group, a dialkylaminoalkyl group, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group or an amide group directly on the pigment skeleton or an alkyl group, an aryl group. Examples thereof include those bonded via a group or a heterocyclic group, and a sulfonic acid group is preferred. Further, a plurality of these substituents may be substituted on one pigment skeleton.
- the pigment derivative include a sulfonic acid derivative of phthalocyanine, a sulfonic acid derivative of quinophthalone, a sulfonic acid derivative of anthraquinone, a sulfonic acid derivative of quinacridone, a sulfonic acid derivative of diketopyrrolopyrrole, and a sulfonic acid derivative of dioxazine.
- the content ratio of the coloring material (a) in the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention is usually 1% by mass or more, preferably 5% by mass or more, more preferably 10% by mass with respect to the total solid content in the photosensitive resin composition. % Or more, more preferably 20% by weight or more, still more preferably 30% by weight or more, particularly preferably 40% by weight or more, and usually 70% by weight or less, preferably 65% by weight or less, more preferably 60% by weight. % Or less.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention can be used for various applications.
- the excellent image forming property of the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention is used for forming a black matrix for a color filter. This is particularly effective.
- a black color material such as carbon black or titanium black described above is used as the color material (a), or a plurality of color materials other than black are used. What is necessary is just to mix and adjust to black and use it. Among them, it is particularly preferable to use carbon black from the viewpoint of light shielding properties.
- the effect of the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention is effectively exhibited particularly in the region where the pigment concentration of the black pigment is increased.
- the content ratio of the black pigment is the amount of the photosensitive resin composition.
- the total solid content is preferably 40% by mass or more, more preferably 45% by mass or more, further preferably 48% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 50% by mass or more.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention when the black pigment is contained within the above range, a colored photosensitive resin composition having a high light shielding property (optical density, OD value) tends to be obtained.
- a black matrix having a thickness of 1 ⁇ m is formed using the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention by setting the content ratio of the black pigment to 45% by mass or more based on the total solid content of the photosensitive resin composition.
- the optical density tends to be 4.0 or more. This optical density is more preferably 4.2 or more.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention is used.
- the effect of the present invention can be remarkably confirmed even when the pigment concentration is high.
- the pigment concentration of the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention is particularly effective from 40 to 65% by mass with respect to the solid content.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention is not limited to the case where the pigment concentration is high, and the effect of the present invention can be achieved even when the pigment concentration is low.
- a fine line having a desired line width can be obtained by adjusting the amount of a component such as a polymerizable monomer or a photopolymerizable initiator or adjusting the exposure amount.
- the content rate of the dispersing agent (b) of the photosensitive resin composition of this invention is not specifically limited, In the total solid of the photosensitive resin composition, it is 50 mass% or less normally, Preferably it is 30 mass% or less, More preferably It is 20 mass% or less, More preferably, it is 15 mass% or less, Usually, 1 mass% or more, Preferably it is 3 mass% or more, More preferably, it is 5 mass% or more, More preferably, it is 8 mass% or more.
- the content of the dispersant (b) is usually 5 parts by mass or more, preferably 10 parts by mass or more, more preferably 15 parts by mass or more, and usually 200 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the colorant (a). Part or less, preferably 80 parts by weight or less, more preferably 50 parts by weight or less, still more preferably 40 parts by weight or less, and particularly preferably 30 parts by weight or less.
- the content ratio of the dispersant (b) By setting the content ratio of the dispersant (b) to be equal to or higher than the lower limit value, sufficient dispersibility tends to be obtained, and by setting the content ratio to the upper limit value or less, the content ratio of other components is relatively sufficient.
- the desired color density, desired sensitivity, desired film formability, etc. tend to be obtained.
- the proportion of the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) in the dispersant (b) is 50% by mass from the viewpoint of obtaining the effect of the present invention more effectively by using the polyurethane dispersant (b-1). % Or more, preferably 60% by weight or more, more preferably 70% by weight or more, still more preferably 80% by weight or more, particularly preferably 90% by weight or more, and usually 100% by weight or less.
- the content ratio of the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) to 100 parts by mass of the alkali-soluble resin (d) is usually preferably 2 parts by mass or more and preferably 5 parts by mass or more. Is more preferable, 20 parts by mass or more is more preferable, 30 parts by mass or more is more preferable, and 40 parts by mass or more is particularly preferable. Moreover, 500 mass parts or less and 300 mass parts or less are preferable normally, 100 mass parts or less are more preferable, 80 mass parts or less are more preferable, and 60 mass parts or less are especially preferable.
- the content rate of the photoinitiator (c) of the photosensitive resin composition of this invention is 0.1 mass% or more normally with respect to the total solid of the photosensitive resin composition of this invention, Preferably it is 0.5. % By mass or more, more preferably 0.7% by mass or more, more preferably 1% by mass or more, still more preferably 3% by mass or more, particularly preferably 5% by mass or more, and usually 30% by mass or less, preferably It is 20 mass% or less, More preferably, it is 15 mass% or less, More preferably, it is 10 mass% or less.
- the proportion of the oxime ester photopolymerization initiator (c-1) in the photopolymerization initiator (c) is usually 10% by mass or more, preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more. In addition, it is usually 100% by mass or less.
- the content ratio of the photopolymerization initiator (c) to the total amount of 100 parts by mass of the polyurethane dispersant (b-1), the alkali-soluble resin (d), and the photopolymerizable monomer is usually 1 part by mass or more.
- the amount is preferably at least 3 parts by mass, and more preferably at least 3 parts by mass.
- it is 100 mass parts or less normally, it is preferable that it is 60 mass parts or less, and it is more preferable that it is 40 mass parts or less.
- the content rate of an accelerator is 0 mass% or more normally with respect to the total solid of the photosensitive resin composition of this invention, Preferably it is 0.02 mass. %, Usually 10% by mass or less, preferably 5% by mass or less, and the accelerator is preferably 0.1 to 50% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 5% by mass with respect to the photopolymerization initiator (c). It can be used at a ratio of 10% by mass.
- the content of the sensitizing dye contained in the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention is usually 0 to 20% by mass, preferably in the total solid content in the photosensitive resin composition. It is 0 to 15% by mass, more preferably 0 to 10% by mass.
- the content of the alkali-soluble resin (d) in the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention is usually 5% by mass or more, preferably 10% by mass or more, based on the total solid content of the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention. Preferably it is 15% by mass or more, more preferably 20% by mass or more, usually 85% by mass or less, preferably 80% by mass or less, more preferably 70% by mass or less, still more preferably 60% by mass or less, and still more preferably. 50% by mass or less, particularly preferably 40% by mass or less, and most preferably 30% by mass or less.
- the content ratio of the alkali-soluble resin (d) By setting the content ratio of the alkali-soluble resin (d) to be equal to or higher than the lower limit value, a decrease in solubility in the unexposed portion of the developer tends to be suppressed, and the induction of development failure tends to be prevented. Moreover, by setting it as the said upper limit or less, there exists a tendency which can maintain the permeability
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention includes the above-described epoxy (meth) acrylate resin (D1-1) and epoxy (meth) acrylate resin (D1-2) as the alkali-soluble resin (d). , (D2-1) resin, (D2-2) resin, (D2-3) resin, and (D2-4) resin, and preferably contains epoxy (meth) acrylate resin (D1-1), More preferably, epoxy (meth) acrylate resin (D1-2) resin, (D2-1) resin, (D2-3) resin are included, and epoxy (meth) acrylate resin (D1-1) and / or epoxy (meth) It is particularly preferable that the acrylate resin (D1-2) is contained.
- alkali-soluble resin (d) contains other alkali-soluble resins other than these preferable resins, the content is usually 20% by mass or less, preferably 10% by mass, based on the total of alkali-soluble resin (d). Hereinafter, it is 0 mass% or more normally.
- the amount of the alkali-soluble resin (d) with respect to 100 parts by mass of the coloring material (a) is usually 20 parts by mass or more, preferably 30 parts by mass or more, more preferably 40 parts by mass. In addition, it is usually 500 parts by mass or less, preferably 300 parts by mass or less, more preferably 200 parts by mass or less, further preferably 100 parts by mass or less, still more preferably 80 parts by mass or less, and particularly preferably 50 parts by mass or less. is there.
- the content ratio of the alkali-soluble resin (d) to the colorant (a) is equal to or higher than the lower limit value, it is possible to suppress a decrease in solubility in a developing solution in an unexposed portion and to prevent development failure.
- the upper limit value or less a desired pixel film thickness tends to be easily obtained.
- the content ratio of the photopolymerizable monomer of the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention is usually 90% by mass or less, preferably 80% by mass or less, more preferably based on the total solid content of the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention. It is 70 mass% or less, More preferably, it is 50 mass% or less, More preferably, it is 30 mass% or less, Most preferably, it is 20 mass% or less.
- the content of the photopolymerizable monomer is not more than the above upper limit, the permeability of the developer into the exposed area becomes appropriate, and a good image tends to be obtained.
- the lower limit of the content of the photopolymerizable monomer is usually 1% by mass or more, preferably 5% by mass or more. By being more than the said minimum, it exists in the tendency for the photocuring by ultraviolet irradiation to improve, and for alkali developability to also become favorable.
- the content of the photopolymerizable monomer with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the polyurethane dispersant (b-1) and the alkali-soluble resin (d) is usually 2 parts by mass or more, preferably 4 parts by mass or more. More preferably, it is 6 parts by mass or more. Moreover, it is 500 mass parts or less normally, it is preferable that it is 300 mass parts or less, and it is more preferable that it is 200 mass parts or less.
- the polyurethane dispersant (b-1), the photopolymerizable monomer, and the photopolymerization initiator (c) can be used in the solution of the photosensitive resin composition.
- (B-1) and alkali-soluble resin (d) are compatible with each other to improve dispersibility by improving the steric hindrance to the aggregation of the color material (a).
- the resistance to high-temperature treatment tends to be improved, and high-fine thin lines tend to be formed.
- the ultraviolet unexposed area There exists a tendency which can improve the solubility with respect to an alkali developing solution, and can reduce the development residue on a board
- the content rate of thiols is 0.1 mass% or more normally with respect to the total solid of the photosensitive resin composition of this invention, Preferably it is 0.3 mass% or more, More preferably, it is 0.5 mass% or more, and is 10 mass% or less normally, Preferably it is 5 mass% or less.
- the content of thiols is too small, the effect of improving the sensitivity is not sufficient, and when the content is too large, the storage stability may be deteriorated.
- the content ratio of the pigment derivative is usually 0.1% by mass or more and usually 10% with respect to the total solid content of the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention. It is preferable to set it as mass% or less, Preferably it is 5 mass% or less.
- the content rate is 0.001 mass% or more normally with respect to the total solid in the photosensitive resin composition, Preferably it is 0.005 mass% or more, More preferably, it is 0.01. % By mass or more, more preferably 0.03% by mass or more, and usually 10% by mass or less, preferably 1% by mass or less, more preferably 0.5% by mass or less, and further preferably 0.3% by mass or less. It is. By setting the content ratio of the surfactant within the above range, the coating film tends to have sufficient smoothness and uniformity.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention uses the above-mentioned solvent (e), and its solid content concentration is usually 5% by mass or more, preferably 10% by mass or less, and usually 50% by mass or less, preferably Is prepared to be 30% by mass. By setting it within the above range, the coating property of the photosensitive resin composition tends to be good.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “resist”) is produced according to a conventional method.
- the colorant (a) it is preferable to disperse the colorant (a) in advance using a paint conditioner, a sand grinder, a ball mill, a roll mill, a stone mill, a jet mill, a homogenizer or the like. Since the color material (a) is finely divided by the dispersion treatment, the resist coating characteristics are improved. Further, when a black color material is used as the color material (a), it contributes to an improvement in light shielding ability.
- the dispersion treatment is usually preferably carried out in a system in which a color material (a), a dispersant (b), a solvent (e), and, if necessary, part or all of an alkali-soluble resin (d) are used in combination (
- a color material a
- a dispersant b
- e a solvent
- d alkali-soluble resin
- the mixture used for the dispersion treatment and the composition obtained by the treatment may be referred to as “ink” or “pigment dispersion”.
- a highly reactive component may be denatured due to heat generated during the dispersion treatment. Therefore, it is preferable to perform the dispersion treatment in a system containing the above components.
- the color material (a) is dispersed with a sand grinder
- glass beads or zirconia beads having a diameter of about 0.1 to 8 mm are preferably used.
- the temperature is usually from 0 ° C. to 100 ° C., and preferably from room temperature to 80 ° C.
- the dispersion time is appropriately adjusted because the appropriate time varies depending on the composition of the liquid and the size of the dispersion treatment apparatus.
- the standard of dispersion is to control the gloss of the ink so that the resist 20-degree specular gloss [JIS Z8741 (1997)] is in the range of 100-200.
- the dispersion treatment is not sufficient, and rough pigment (coloring material) particles often remain, which may result in insufficient developability, adhesion, resolution, and the like.
- the dispersion treatment is performed until the glossiness exceeds the above range, the pigment is crushed and a large number of ultrafine particles are generated, so that the dispersion stability tends to be impaired.
- the ink obtained by the dispersion treatment and the other components contained in the resist are mixed to obtain a uniform solution.
- fine dust is often mixed in the liquid, and thus the obtained resist is preferably filtered with a filter or the like.
- the cured product of the present invention can be obtained by curing the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention.
- a cured product obtained by curing the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention can be preferably used as a black matrix or a colored spacer.
- the support for forming the black matrix is not particularly limited as long as it has an appropriate strength.
- a transparent substrate is mainly used as the support.
- the material include polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyolefin resins such as polypropylene and polyethylene, thermoplastic resin sheets such as polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, and polysulfone, epoxy resins, unsaturated polyester resins, and poly (meth).
- thermosetting resin sheets such as acrylic resins, and various glasses. Among these, glass and heat resistant resin are preferable from the viewpoint of heat resistance.
- a transparent electrode such as ITO or IZO may be formed on the surface of the substrate. Other than the transparent substrate, it can be formed on the TFT array.
- the support may be subjected to corona discharge treatment, ozone treatment, thin film formation treatment of various resins such as a silane coupling agent or a urethane-based resin, if necessary, in order to improve surface properties such as adhesion.
- the thickness of the support is usually 0.05 to 10 mm, preferably 0.1 to 7 mm.
- the film thickness is usually 0.01 to 10 ⁇ m, preferably 0.05 to 5 ⁇ m.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention was applied on a support such as a transparent substrate and dried. Thereafter, a photomask is placed on the coating film, image exposure and development are performed through the photomask, and a black matrix is formed by heat curing or photocuring as necessary.
- the thickness of the coating film is usually preferably in the range of 0.2 to 10 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range of 0.5 to 6 ⁇ m, and still more preferably in the range of 1 to 4 ⁇ m, as the film thickness after drying. is there.
- the coating film after the photosensitive resin composition is applied to the support is preferably dried by a drying method using a hot plate, IR oven, or convection oven. Drying conditions can be appropriately selected according to the type of the solvent component, the performance of the dryer used, and the like.
- the drying time is usually selected within the range of 15 seconds to 5 minutes at a temperature of 40 to 200 ° C., preferably 50 to 130 ° C., depending on the type of solvent component and the performance of the dryer used. It is selected in the range of 30 seconds to 3 minutes.
- the drying temperature the higher the drying temperature, the better the adhesion of the coating film to the support. However, if the drying temperature is too high, the alkali-soluble resin may be decomposed to induce thermal polymerization and cause poor development.
- the drying process of this coating film may be a reduced pressure drying method in which drying is performed in a reduced pressure chamber without increasing the temperature.
- Exposure Image exposure is performed by overlaying a negative mask pattern on the coating film of the photosensitive resin composition, and irradiating an ultraviolet or visible light source through the mask pattern. At this time, if necessary, exposure may be performed after an oxygen blocking layer such as a polyvinyl alcohol layer is formed on the photopolymerizable coating film in order to prevent a decrease in sensitivity of the photopolymerizable layer due to oxygen.
- an oxygen blocking layer such as a polyvinyl alcohol layer is formed on the photopolymerizable coating film in order to prevent a decrease in sensitivity of the photopolymerizable layer due to oxygen.
- the light source used for the above image exposure is not particularly limited.
- the light source include a xenon lamp, a halogen lamp, a tungsten lamp, a high-pressure mercury lamp, an ultra-high pressure mercury lamp, a metal halide lamp, a medium-pressure mercury lamp, a low-pressure mercury lamp, a lamp light source such as a carbon arc and a fluorescent lamp, and an argon ion laser, a YAG laser
- Examples include laser light sources such as excimer laser, nitrogen laser, helium cadmium laser, and semiconductor laser.
- An optical filter can also be used when irradiating light of a specific wavelength.
- the black matrix according to the present invention comprises an organic solvent or an aqueous solution containing a surfactant and an alkaline compound after the coating film made of the photosensitive resin composition is image-exposed with the above-mentioned light source.
- An image can be formed on a substrate by development using a film.
- This aqueous solution may further contain an organic solvent, a buffering agent, a complexing agent, a dye or a pigment.
- alkaline compound examples include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate, sodium silicate, potassium silicate, sodium metasilicate, sodium phosphate, phosphorus Inorganic alkaline compounds such as potassium phosphate, sodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and ammonium hydroxide, and mono-di- or triethanolamine, mono-di- Or trimethylamine, mono-di- or triethylamine, mono- or diisopropylamine, n-butylamine, mono-di- or triisopropanolamine, ethyleneimine, ethylenediimine, tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH And organic alkaline compounds, such as choline. These alkaline compounds may be a mixture of two or more.
- surfactant examples include nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkyl aryl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkyl esters, sorbitan alkyl esters and monoglyceride alkyl esters, and alkylbenzene sulfonic acids.
- nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkyl aryl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkyl esters, sorbitan alkyl esters and monoglyceride alkyl esters, and alkylbenzene sulfonic acids.
- anionic surfactants such as salts, alkylnaphthalene sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, alkyl sulfonates and sulfosuccinate esters
- amphoteric surfactants such as alkylbetaines and amino acids.
- organic solvent examples include isopropyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, ethyl cellosolve, butyl cellosolve, phenyl cellosolve, propylene glycol, and diacetone alcohol.
- the organic solvent may be used alone or in combination with an aqueous solution.
- the development processing conditions are not particularly limited, and the development temperature is usually in the range of 10 to 50 ° C., particularly 15 to 45 ° C., particularly preferably 20 to 40 ° C.
- the development methods are immersion development, spray development, brush Any method such as a development method or an ultrasonic development method can be used.
- thermosetting treatment The developed support is subjected to thermosetting treatment or photocuring treatment, preferably thermosetting treatment.
- the thermosetting treatment conditions at this time are selected such that the temperature is in the range of 100 to 280 ° C., preferably in the range of 150 to 250 ° C., and the time is in the range of 5 to 60 minutes.
- the width of the bottom of the black matrix formed as described above is usually 3 to 50 ⁇ m, preferably 4 to 30 ⁇ m, particularly 4 to 8 ⁇ m in the case of a high-thin wire, and the height is usually 0.5 to 5 ⁇ m.
- the thickness is preferably 1 to 4 ⁇ m.
- the volume resistivity is 1 ⁇ 10 13 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more, preferably 1 ⁇ 10 14 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more, and the relative dielectric constant is 6 or less, preferably 5 or less.
- the optical density (OD) per 1 ⁇ m thickness is usually 3.0 or more, preferably 3.5 or more, more preferably 4.0 or more, and particularly preferably 4.2 or more.
- a photosensitive resin composition containing a color material of one of red, green and blue is applied by the same process as (3-1) to (3-5) above, and dried.
- a colored layer can be produced by overlaying a photomask on the coating film and forming a pixel image by image exposure, development, and thermal curing or photocuring as necessary through the photomask.
- a color filter image can be formed by performing this operation for each of the three color photosensitive resin compositions of red, green, and blue. The order of these is not limited to the above.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention can be used as a resist for colored spacers in addition to the black matrix.
- a spacer is used in a TFT type LCD, the TFT may malfunction as a switching element due to light incident on the TFT, and a colored spacer is used to prevent this, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-234212.
- the publication discloses that the spacer is light-shielding.
- the colored spacer can be formed in the same manner as the black matrix described above except that a mask for the colored spacer is used.
- the color filter is used as part of parts such as a color display and a liquid crystal display by forming a transparent electrode such as ITO on the image as it is, but it is necessary to improve the surface smoothness and durability. Accordingly, a top coat layer such as polyamide or polyimide can be provided on the image. Further, in some applications such as a planar alignment type drive system (IPS mode), the transparent electrode may not be formed.
- a transparent electrode such as ITO
- a top coat layer such as polyamide or polyimide can be provided on the image.
- IPS mode planar alignment type drive system
- the image display device of the present invention includes a black matrix made of the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention, and is not particularly limited as long as it is a device that displays an image or a video. And an organic EL display.
- the liquid crystal display device of the present invention is manufactured using the above-described black matrix of the present invention, and is not particularly limited in terms of formation order or formation position of color pixels or black matrix.
- a liquid crystal display device usually forms an alignment film on a color filter, spreads spacers on the alignment film, and then bonds to a counter substrate to form a liquid crystal cell, injects liquid crystal into the formed liquid crystal cell, Complete by connecting to the counter electrode.
- the alignment film a resin film such as polyimide is preferable.
- a gravure printing method and / or a flexographic printing method is usually employed, and the thickness of the alignment film is several tens of nm.
- the alignment film is cured by thermal baking, it is surface-treated by irradiation with ultraviolet rays or a rubbing cloth to be processed into a surface state capable of adjusting the inclination of the liquid crystal.
- spacer a spacer having a size corresponding to a gap with the counter substrate is used, and a spacer of 2 to 8 ⁇ m is usually preferable.
- a photo spacer (PS) of a transparent resin film can be formed on the color filter substrate by photolithography, and this can be used instead of the spacer.
- the counter substrate an array substrate is usually used, and a TFT (thin film transistor) substrate is particularly preferable.
- the gap for bonding to the counter substrate varies depending on the use of the liquid crystal display device, but is usually selected in the range of 2 to 8 ⁇ m.
- a sealing material such as an epoxy resin.
- the sealing material is cured by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and / or heating, and the periphery of the liquid crystal cell is sealed.
- the liquid crystal cell whose periphery is sealed is cut into panel units, then decompressed in a vacuum chamber, the liquid crystal injection port is immersed in liquid crystal, and then the liquid crystal is injected into the liquid crystal cell by leaking in the chamber. .
- the degree of decompression in the liquid crystal cell is usually 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 Pa, preferably 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 Pa. Further, it is preferable to heat the liquid crystal cell during decompression, and the heating temperature is usually 30 to 100 ° C., more preferably 50 to 90 ° C.
- the warming hold during decompression is usually in the range of 10 to 60 minutes, and then immersed in the liquid crystal.
- the liquid crystal cell into which the liquid crystal is injected cures the UV curable resin and seals the liquid crystal injection port, thereby completing a liquid crystal display device (panel).
- the type of liquid crystal is not particularly limited, and is a conventionally known liquid crystal such as an aromatic, aliphatic, or polycyclic compound, and may be any of lyotropic liquid crystal, thermotropic liquid crystal, and the like.
- thermotropic liquid crystal nematic liquid crystal, smectic liquid crystal, cholesteric liquid crystal, and the like are known, but any of them may be used.
- an organic EL display is a pattern formed of a photosensitive resin composition on a transparent support substrate 10 [that is, a resin black provided between pixels 20 and adjacent pixels 20. A matrix (not shown)] is formed, and an organic light-emitting body 500 is laminated on the color filter via the organic protective layer 30 and the inorganic oxide film 40, whereby the organic EL element 100 is obtained. Can be produced.
- the black matrix is produced using the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention.
- the transparent anode 50, the hole injection layer 51, the hole transport layer 52, the light emitting layer 53, the electron injection layer 54, and the cathode 55 are sequentially formed on the upper surface of the color filter. Examples thereof include a method and a method of bonding an organic light-emitting body 500 formed on another substrate onto the inorganic oxide film 40.
- Organic EL display (Ohm, published on August 20, 2004, Shizushi Tokito, Chiba Adachi, Hideyuki Murata) using the organic EL element 100 thus manufactured, etc.
- organic EL display can be produced.
- the color filter according to the present invention can be applied to both an organic EL display of a passive drive system and an organic EL display of an active drive system.
- Compound A 1-Dodecanol
- Compound B ⁇ -Caprolactone
- Compound C Zirconium butoxide catalyst
- Compound D Toluene diisocyanate (TDI)
- Compound E Diethanolamine Tertiary amino compound 1: 3- (diethylamino) -1,2-propanediol
- Step 1-1 Compound A (114.6 parts by mass) and Compound B (912.3 parts by mass) are mixed and homogenized at 150 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere.
- Step 1-2 Compound C (4.0 parts by mass) is added to the mixture obtained in (Step 1-1) and reacted at 180 ° C. for 20 hours.
- Step 1-3 The reaction product obtained in (Step 1-2) is cooled to room temperature to obtain a waxy polyester compound 1.
- Step 1-4 Compound D (83.46 parts by mass) is placed in a reaction vessel under a nitrogen atmosphere and heated to 50-60 ° C.
- Step 1-5) 800 parts by mass of the polyester compound 1 obtained in (Step 1-3) was melted at 50 ° C., and the compound D heated in 50-60 ° C. obtained in (Step 1-4) was added for 2 hours. Add over.
- Step 1-6 The mixture obtained in (Step 1-5) is reacted at 60 ° C. for 1 hour with stirring.
- Step 1-7) The reaction product obtained in (Step 1-6) is cooled to 20 ° C., compound E (50.37 parts by mass) is added, and the mixture is reacted at 35 ° C. until there is no residual isocyanate. Get.
- Step 1-8) Compound D (26.68 parts by mass) is placed in a reaction vessel under a nitrogen atmosphere, followed by 131 parts by mass of propylene glycol methyl ether acetate as a solvent and tertiary amino compound 1 (17.12 parts by mass). Part) and 57.68 parts by mass of the polyester compound 2 obtained in (Step 1-7) are added and heated to 70 ° C. with stirring.
- Step 1-9): Polyether compound 1 (17.00 parts by mass) is further added to the mixed solution obtained in (Step 1-8), and the mixture is reacted at 70 ° C. for 2 hours until there is no residual isocyanate.
- a polyurethane compound 1 having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 22000 and a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 8800 by analysis is obtained.
- Step 2-1 Compound F (100 parts by mass), Compound G (113.8 parts by mass) and Compound H (0.29 parts by mass) are stirred together at 70 ° C. for 48 hours until the Michael addition reaction is completed. And the tertiary amino compound 2 is obtained.
- Step 2-2 A stirred reaction vessel heated to 50 ° C. is charged with compound D (25.0 parts by mass).
- Step 2-3 Polyether compound 1 (125.0 parts by mass, about 0.8 molar equivalents with respect to TDI) is charged into the dropping funnel and maintained at a temperature of 50 to 60 ° C. for 4 hours. It is dripped at said stirring reaction container.
- Step 2-4 The reaction product obtained in (Step 2-3) is kept at 70 ° C. for 60 minutes.
- Step 2-5) The completion of the reaction is determined by titration of residual isocyanate and the reaction mixture is cooled to 20 ° C.
- Step 2-6 Compound E (24.14 parts by mass, about 1.6 molar equivalents with respect to TDI) is added to the reaction mixture obtained in (Step 2-5), and the isocyanate that can be determined by infrared spectroscopic analysis Hold at room temperature until no residue remains.
- Step 2-7 The product mixture obtained in (Step 2-6) (which contains the diadduct of diethanolamine and TDI) is dissolved in diethyl ether and eluted through a silica column.
- Step 2-8 The column eluting in (Step 2-7) is washed three times with diethyl ether, the fractions are combined, and the solvent is removed in vacuo to yield 90 parts by weight of polyether compound 2 as a solid. Get things. In the above (Step 2-7) and (Step 2-8), the diadduct of diethanolamine and TDI is removed.
- Step 2-9 Compound D (26.68 parts by mass) is placed in a reactor under a nitrogen atmosphere.
- Step 2-10 To a reactor containing the above compound D, methoxypropyl acetate (130.87 parts by mass), polyester compound 2 (15.23 parts by mass) and polyether compound 2 (10.68 parts by mass) as solvents , And tertiary amino compound 2 (28.30 parts by weight).
- Step 2-11) The mixture obtained in (Step 2-10) is heated to 70 ° C. with stirring.
- Step 2-12 Polyester compound 1 (26.09 parts by mass) is added to the reaction mixture of (Step 2-11) and maintained at 70 ° C. for 2 hours.
- Step 2-13 The polyurethane obtained by confirming that the reaction mixture obtained in (Step 2-12) is free of residual isocyanate and having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 20000 and a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 8000 by GPC analysis Compound 2 is obtained.
- Step 3-1 Polyurethane compound 3 obtained through the following (Step 3-1) was used as dispersant 3.
- Compound I Benzyl chloride (Step 3-1) Compound I (2.35 parts by mass) was added to 200 parts by mass of the reaction solution obtained in (Step 1-9) (the content of polyurethane compound 1 was 94.97 parts by mass).
- Part of the tertiary amine in the polyurethane compound 1 by adding 20% of the number of moles corresponding to 20% of the number of moles of the tertiary amine in the polyurethane compound 1 in the reaction solution and stirring at 70 ° C. for 20 hours. Is obtained as a quaternized polyurethane compound 3.
- Step 4-1 Polyurethane compound 4 obtained through the following (Step 4-1) was used as dispersant 4.
- Compound E Diethanolamine (Step 4-1) In the above (Step 1-8), instead of the tertiary amino compound 1 (17.12 parts by mass, 0.12 mol), the same number of moles of Compound E (diethanolamine, 12 The procedure is the same as (Step 1-1) to (Step 1-9) except that .62 parts by mass (0.12 mol) is added to obtain polyurethane compound 4.
- Step 5-1 Polyurethane compound 5 obtained through the following (Step 5-1) was used as dispersant 5.
- Step 1-8 instead of the tertiary amino compound 1 (17.12 parts by mass, 0.12 mol), a compound having the same number of moles Polyurethane compound 5 is obtained in the same manner as (Step 1-1) to (Step 1-9) except that J (14.18 parts by mass, 0.12 mol) is added.
- Step 6-1 Polyurethane compound 6 obtained through the following (Step 6-1) was used as dispersant 6.
- Compound K Trimethylolpropane (Step 6-1)
- Compound D was increased to 28.04 parts by mass
- Compound K (0.52 parts by mass, 0.004 mol) was added
- the same as (Step 1-1) to (Step 1-9) except that the amount of the polyether compound 1 was increased to 21.26 parts by mass in the above (Step 1-9), and the weight average molecular weight (Mw) Is 23000 and the number average molecular weight (Mn) is 9200, yielding polyurethane compound 6.
- Table 1 shows the components of Dispersants 1-6.
- Carbon black ink 1 A pigment, a dispersant, a dispersion aid, and a solvent were prepared with the following composition, and a carbon black ink 1 was prepared by the following method.
- the solid content of the pigment, the dispersant, and the dispersion aid was prepared as follows.
- Pigment SB350 Degussa Carbon Black
- Dispersant Dispersant 1 20 parts by weight (solid content conversion)
- Dispersing aid (pigment derivative) S12000 manufactured by Lubrizol, phthalocyanine pigment derivative having an acidic group
- Solvent propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate 226.6 parts by mass
- a dispersion treatment was carried out for 6 hours in the range of 25 to 45 ° C. using a paint shaker.
- the beads zirconia beads having a diameter of 0.5 mm were used, and 60 parts by mass of the dispersion and 180 parts by mass of the beads were added. After the dispersion was completed, the beads and the dispersion were separated by a filter to prepare a carbon black ink 1 having a solid content of 35% by mass.
- Ajisper PB-821 Dispersant manufactured by Ajinomoto Fine Techno Co.
- -Florene KDG-2400 Dispersant manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd.
- HIPLAAD ED-701 A dispersant made by Enomoto Kasei Co., Ltd.
- Disperbyk-2000 Dispersant manufactured by Big Chemie Corp. A quaternized ammonium salt-modified acrylic block copolymer of a tertiary amine.
- Disperbyk-2001 Dispersant manufactured by Big Chemie Co. Acid-modified acrylic block copolymer of tertiary amine.
- the resin solution When the resin solution becomes transparent, it is diluted with methoxybutyl acetate, adjusted to have a solid content of 50% by mass, an acid value of 115 mg KOH / g, and an alkali-soluble polystyrene equivalent weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 2600 measured by GPC Resin (1) was obtained.
- an epoxy compound epoxy equivalent 264
- acrylic acid methoxybutyl acetate
- triphenylphosphine triphenylphosphine
- the resin solution When the resin solution becomes transparent, it is diluted with methoxybutyl acetate, adjusted to have a solid content of 50% by mass, an acid value of 100 mgKOH / g, and an alkali-soluble polystyrene equivalent weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 10,000 measured by GPC Resin (2) was obtained.
- the structure of the photopolymerization initiator (1) is as follows.
- Example 1 (Preparation of resist 1 (photosensitive resin composition 1)) Using the carbon black ink 1 prepared in advance, the components shown in Table 3 were prepared so as to have the ratios shown in Table 3, and stirred and dissolved with a stirrer to obtain a resist 1 having a solid content concentration of 15% by mass. Prepared.
- IRG907 Irgacure 907, manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals, 2-methyl-1- [4- (methylthio) phenyl] -2-morpholinopropan-1-one.
- DETX-S KAYACURE DETX-S, manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., 2,4-dimethylthioxanthone.
- the solid content of the resist 15 is 1.6% by mass.
- Photopolymerization initiator (2) OXE02, manufactured by BASF It has the following chemical structure.
- Viscosity evaluation of carbon black ink The viscosity of the prepared carbon black inks 1 to 14 was measured with a viscometer (RE105L, manufactured by Toki Sangyo Co., Ltd.). The viscosity of any carbon black ink was in the range of 10 to 20 mPa ⁇ s. Immediately after preparation of carbon black ink (immediately after dispersion) and after standing at room temperature for 1 week, the viscosity of the ink was measured, and the classification was determined according to the following criteria. The results are listed in Table 7. (Double-circle): There is almost no thickening even if it is left at room temperature for one week after ink dispersion.
- ⁇ After the ink is dispersed, if it is allowed to stand at room temperature for 1 week, there is a thickening, but it is stable within 20 mPa ⁇ s.
- X Viscosity greatly increased immediately after ink dispersion, and exceeds 20 mPa ⁇ s within 3 days.
- ⁇ After preparation of the resist, if it is left at room temperature for one month, there is thickening, but the degree of thickening is within 0.5 mPa ⁇ s. (Triangle
- 6 ⁇ m thin line evaluation (after development) Using an exposure mask having a plurality of 6 ⁇ m openings (openings having a width of 6 ⁇ m), the development time was set to the following conditions, and coating, exposure, and development were performed in the same process as (2) to produce BM thin wires.
- a BM fine line produced using an exposure mask having a 6 ⁇ m opening is abbreviated as “6 ⁇ m fine line”.
- the alkali development time is too short, the alkali-soluble resin remains undissolved and the pigment remains, and the substrate is conspicuous. On the other hand, if the length is too long, the BM fine wire may be gradually eroded and peeled off by the alkali developer.
- the shortest dissolution time (the shortest time during which patterning on the substrate can be confirmed) represents the ease of alkali development of the photosensitive resin composition.
- the BM line width when developing at several times the shortest dissolution time (for example, 1.5 times, 2 times, etc.) may be evaluated.
- the line width gradually decreases, and the alkali developer penetrates into the portion where the substrate and the BM thin wire are in close contact, so that an insertion portion is formed and is easily peeled off. Further, the residue tends to remain as the multiple becomes smaller.
- the BM line width tends to be thick due to the influence of the diffracted light from the exposure mask. Therefore, in order to evaluate at the target line width, 1.5 times the shortest dissolution time is required. Development time is a suitable development point. Further, although the shortest dissolution time varies depending on the composition of the photosensitive resin composition, the same degree of development can be obtained if the value of the multiple of the shortest dissolution time is the same.
- each of the resists (photosensitive resin compositions) 1 to 16 had a shortest dissolution time of 40 to 60 seconds, several samples were obtained at a development time of 60 to 90 seconds, 1.5 times as long as each. It produced and evaluated below.
- 6 ⁇ m thin wire evaluation (after heat treatment)
- the developed BM thin wire needs to be cured by heat treatment at a high temperature in order to further coat the red, green and blue photosensitive resin compositions thereafter. Therefore, the 6 ⁇ m fine wire was heat-treated at 230 ° C. for 30 minutes.
- the fine line may be thermally deformed due to the flow of the photosensitive resin composition that has not been sufficiently cured or the residual solvent is lost, and the line width may be increased.
- the line width of the 6 ⁇ m fine wire after the heat treatment was measured at three locations. Furthermore, the average value was calculated
- D A point of 63 ° to less than 73 ° and a point of 59 ° to less than 63 ° are mixed.
- E All three points observed are 59 degrees or more and less than 63 degrees.
- F A point that is 59 degrees or more and less than 63 degrees and a point that is less than 59 degrees are mixed.
- G All three points observed were less than 59 degrees.
- the 6 ⁇ m fine wires after heat treatment in Examples 1 to 7 all fell within the range of 5.6 ⁇ m to 6.5 ⁇ m, and 6 ⁇ m fine wires could be formed satisfactorily. All of the increased line widths were suppressed to 0.3 ⁇ m or less, and the taper angles were all 63 degrees or more.
- the 6 ⁇ m fine wire after the heat treatment also has an increased line width exceeding 0.3 ⁇ m, a taper angle of less than 63 degrees, a line width exceeding 6.5 ⁇ m, and 5.6 to A 6.5 ⁇ m thin 6 ⁇ m wire could not be formed.
- Comparative Example 9 using an initiator other than the oxime ester photopolymerization initiator was bad after development and after heat treatment.
- Example 1 which is a photosensitive resin composition containing the dispersant 1 and the oxime ester photopolymerization initiator was thinner than the 6 ⁇ m fine wire.
- the line width was slightly increased by 0.1 ⁇ m, and the taper angle was slightly decreased by 5 degrees.
- a 5 ⁇ m fine wire of 6 to 5.5 ⁇ m could be formed satisfactorily.
- Example 6 since the primary particle size of the pigment is as small as 23 nm and the surface area is large, the dispersant is easily adsorbed on the pigment, and accordingly, the lyosolvent group of the dispersant adsorbed on the pigment and the alkali-soluble resin are included. As a result of effective compatibility, it is considered that a 5 ⁇ m fine wire having good linearity and insertion can be formed as in the case of a 6 ⁇ m fine wire.
- the polyurethane dispersant used in the resist of this example is a combination of an alkali-soluble resin and a good compatibility of the solvent-solvent group of the dispersant and the alkali-soluble resin to form a good steric hindrance. It was good and dispersible.
- an oxime ester photopolymerization initiator having an ultraviolet absorption site, an energy transfer site, and a radical generation site in one molecule is used.
- the entanglement between the alkali-soluble resin and the lyophilic solvent part of the polyurethane dispersant became stronger, and as a result of maintaining a well-dispersed state in which aggregation of the pigment was suppressed even during curing by ultraviolet irradiation, the pigment was maintained. It is considered that the alkali developability and heat resistance derived from the above are uniformly expressed in the thin wire, the linearity is good, and the erosion by the insertion and the alkali developer is reduced.
- the photosensitive resin composition of Comparative Example 9 generates radicals by using an IRG907 initiator mainly having a radical generation site and a DETXS initiator mainly having an ultraviolet absorption site. Since the photopolymerization initiator is used, the radical generation efficiency is low, and it is considered that the polymerization is difficult to proceed particularly in a portion where the ultraviolet rays are difficult to reach such as the vicinity of the substrate adhesion surface, and accordingly, thermal deformation is caused during the heat treatment.
- Comparative Example 1 using the dispersant 5 having no adsorbing group, and Comparative Examples 4, 5, and 6 using a dispersant that is a graft polymer other than the polyurethane skeleton have a weak adsorptive power with the pigment, The dispersibility of the pigment in the resist was insufficient.
- Comparative Examples 2 and 3 using a commercially available dispersant having a urethane bond are a skeleton having three or more isocyanates, each having several isomers of toluene diisocyanate linked by a skeleton linking group, and several parent solvents. Since the dispersing agent is composed of a group or an adsorbing group, the packing effect on the pigment is lowered, and in addition, steric hindrance to the adsorbing group is caused, so that the adsorption performance to the pigment is low.
- the amount of the solvophilic group and the amount of the adsorbing group are less than the polyurethane dispersant used in the examples, the compatibility between the solvophilic group and the alkali-soluble resin is insufficient, and pigment aggregation occurs. It is considered that the alkali developability and heat resistance derived from the pigment are not sufficiently developed.
- Comparative Examples 7 and 8 using the acrylic AB block type dispersant the adsorption groups are concentrated in one of the dispersants, so that steric hindrance occurs between the pigment adsorption groups and the pigment is sufficiently adsorbed. It is not possible to increase the amount of free dispersant. For this reason, it is considered that sufficient adhesion between the pigment and the substrate via the dispersant cannot be obtained, and it is difficult to obtain patterning due to a decrease in alkali development resistance.
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Abstract
Description
1.色材(a)、分散剤(b)、光重合開始剤(c)、アルカリ可溶性樹脂(d)及び溶剤(e)を含む感光性樹脂組成物であって、
分散剤(b)が、親溶媒基及び吸着基を有するポリウレタン分散剤(b-1)を含み、
該ポリウレタン分散剤(b-1)が下記式(i)で表される部分構造を含み、
光重合開始剤(c)が、オキシムエステル光重合開始剤(c-1)を含む感光性樹脂組成物。
2.前記ポリウレタン分散剤(b-1)が、前記親溶媒基を含む親溶媒基含有部分構造と、前記吸着基を含む吸着基含有部分構造とを含み、
該親溶媒基含有部分構造と該吸着基含有部分構造とが、前記式(i)で表される部分構造で連結されている前項1に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
3.前記ポリウレタン分散剤(b-1)が主鎖を有し、該主鎖が前記式(i)で表される部分構造を含む前項1又は2に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
4.前記親溶媒基が、ポリエーテル鎖及びポリエステル鎖の少なくとも一方を含む前項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
5.前記吸着基が、3級アミノ基、4級アンモニウム塩基、及び窒素原子含有複素環基からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種である前項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
6.前記吸着基含有部分構造が、下記式(1)で表される部分構造を有する前項2~5のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
*は結合手を表す。]
7.前記吸着基含有部分構造が、下記式(2-1)~(2-3)で表される少なくとも1種の部分構造を有する前項2~6のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
Rγ、Rδ及びRεはそれぞれ独立に、置換基を有していてもよいアルキレン基、置換基を有していてもよいアリーレン基、又は前記アルキレン基と前記アリーレン基とを連結した基を表す。ただし、Rγが置換基を有していてもよいアルキレン基、又は前記アルキレン基と前記アリーレン基とを連結した基である場合、前記アルキレン基を構成するメチレン基の少なくとも一部が、エステル結合、エーテル結合、ウレタン結合、ウレア結合、アミド結合、イミド結合、チオウレタン結合、チオエーテル結合、及びチオエステル結合からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つの結合で置換されていてもよい。またRγは、-NH-(C=O)-基を介して、隣接する少なくともいずれか1つのN原子と共にウレア結合していてもよく、また、カルボニル基を介してアミド結合していてもよい。
*は結合手を表す。]
Rγ及びRηはそれぞれ独立に、置換基を有していてもよいアルキレン基、置換基を有していてもよいアリーレン基、又は前記アルキレン基と前記アリーレン基とを連結した基を表す。ただし、Rγ及びRηがそれぞれ独立に、置換基を有していてもよいアルキレン基、又は前記アルキレン基と前記アリーレン基とを連結した基である場合、前記アルキレン基を構成するメチレン基の少なくとも一部が、エステル結合、エーテル結合、ウレタン結合、ウレア結合、アミド結合、イミド結合、チオウレタン結合、チオエーテル結合、及びチオエステル結合からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つの結合で置換されていてもよい。またRγ及びRηは、-NH-(C=O)-基を介して、隣接する少なくともいずれか1つのN原子と共にウレア結合していてもよく、また、カルボニル基を介してアミド結合していてもよい。
*は結合手を表す。]
Rγ’及びRδはそれぞれ独立に、置換基を有していてもよいアルキレン基、置換基を有していてもよいアリーレン基、又は前記アルキレン基と前記アリーレン基とを連結した基を表す。ただし、Rγ’が置換基を有していてもよいアルキレン基、又は前記アルキレン基と前記アリーレン基とを連結した基である場合、前記アルキレン基を構成するメチレン基の少なくとも一部が、エステル結合、エーテル結合、ウレタン結合、ウレア結合、アミド結合、イミド結合、チオウレタン結合、チオエーテル結合、及びチオエステル結合からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つの結合で置換されていてもよい。またRγ’は、-NH-(C=O)-基を介して、隣接するN原子と共にウレア結合していてもよく、また、カルボニル基を介してアミド結合していてもよい。
Rε’は直接結合、置換基を有していてもよいアルキレン基、置換基を有していてもよいアリーレン基、又は前記アルキレン基と前記アリーレン基とを連結した基を表す。
Rζは水素原子、置換基を有していてもよい、アルキル基又はアリール基を表す。ただし、Rζが前記アルキル基又は前記アリール基の場合、その水素原子の少なくとも1つが、3級アミノ基又は窒素原子含有複素環基で置換されていてもよい。
*は結合手を表す。]
8.オキシムエステル光重合開始剤(c-1)が、置換されていてもよいカルバゾール基を有する前項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
9.アルカリ可溶性樹脂(d)が、カルボキシル基及びエチレン性不飽和基の少なくとも一方を有するアルカリ可溶性樹脂(d-1)を含有する前項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
10.アルカリ可溶性樹脂(d-1)が、エポキシ(メタ)アクリレート樹脂である前項9に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
11.前記エポキシ(メタ)アクリレート樹脂が、下記エポキシ(メタ)アクリレート樹脂(D1-1)及びエポキシ(メタ)アクリレート樹脂(D1-2)の少なくとも一方である前項10に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
(1)エポキシ樹脂に、α,β-不飽和モノカルボン酸又はカルボキシル基を有するα,β-不飽和モノカルボン酸エステルを付加させ、さらに、多塩基酸及びその無水物の少なくとも一方を反応させることによって得られたエポキシ(メタ)アクリレート樹脂(D1-1)
(2)エポキシ樹脂に、α,β-不飽和モノカルボン酸又はカルボキシル基を有するα,β-不飽和モノカルボン酸エステルを付加させ、さらに、多価アルコールと、多塩基酸及びその無水物の少なくとも一方と反応させることによって得られたエポキシ(メタ)アクリレート樹脂(D1-2)
12.色材(a)の平均一次粒径が20~100nmである前項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
13.色材(a)がカーボンブラックを含む前項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
14.前記カーボンブラックを、全固形分に対し40質量%以上含有する前項13に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
15.前項1~14のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物を硬化させてなる硬化物。
16.前項15の硬化物を含むブラックマトリックス。
17.前項16に記載のブラックマトリックスを備える画像表示装置。
本発明の感光性樹脂組成物は、
色材(a)、
特定の分散剤(b)、
特定の光重合開始剤(c)、
アルカリ可溶性樹脂(d)及び
溶剤(e)
を含有する。
本発明の感光性樹脂組成物は、分散剤(b)として、特定のポリウレタン分散剤(b-1)を含むことを特徴とする。
前記ポリウレタン分散剤(b-1)は、親溶媒基及び吸着基を有し、さらに下記式(i)で表される部分構造を含むものである。
前記アルキル基の炭素数は特に限定されないが、1~20であることが好ましく、1~10であることがより好ましく、1~5であることがさらに好ましい。アルキル基は直鎖状でも、分岐鎖状でも、環状でもよい。具体例としては、メチル基、エチル基、シクロヘキシル基等が挙げられる。
また、前記アリール基の炭素数は特に限定されないが、6~20であることが好ましく、6~10であることがより好ましい。具体例としては、フェニル基、ナフチル基等が挙げられる。
また、前記アラルキル基の炭素数は特に限定されないが、7~20であることが好ましく、7~10であることがより好ましい。具体例としては、ベンジル基などが挙げられる。
これらの中でも取扱い易さ又は分散性の観点からはメチル基であることが好ましい。
このように、ポリウレタン分散剤(b-1)は、前記式(i)で表される部分構造を有することにより、親溶媒基含有部分構造及び吸着基含有部分構造を直線上に配置することができ、これら部分構造の可動域が広がることで溶媒への相溶性及び顔料への吸着性を高めることができる傾向があると考えられる。
ポリウレタン分散剤(b-1)が有する吸着基は特に限定されないが、分散性の観点から、3級アミノ基、4級アンモニウム塩基、及び窒素原子含有複素環基からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種(以下、「特定の吸着基」と略記する場合がある。)であることが好ましい。
吸着基含有部分構造の具体的な部分構造については特に限定されないが、下記式(1)で表される部分構造が好ましい。
*は結合手を表す。
前記アルキル基の炭素数は特に限定されないが、1~20であることが好ましく、1~10であることがより好ましく、1~5であることがさらに好ましい。アルキル基は直鎖状でも、分岐鎖状でも、環状でもよい。具体例としては、メチル基、エチル基、シクロヘキシル基等が挙げられる。
また、前記アリール基の炭素数は特に限定されないが、6~20であることが好ましく、6~10であることがより好ましい。具体例としては、フェニル基、ナフチル基等が挙げられる。
また、前記アラルキル基の炭素数は特に限定されないが、7~20であることが好ましく、7~10であることがより好ましい。具体例としては、ベンジル基などが挙げられる。
これらの中でも、顔料への吸着力の観点からはヒドロキシル基、メチル基又はエチル基が好ましい。
前記アルキル基の炭素数は特に限定されないが、1~20であることが好ましく、1~10であることがより好ましく、1~5であることがさらに好ましい。アルキル基は直鎖状でも、分岐鎖状でも、環状でもよい。具体例としては、メチル基、エチル基、シクロヘキシル基等が挙げられる。
また、前記アリール基の炭素数は特に限定されないが、6~20であることが好ましく、6~10であることがより好ましい。具体例としては、フェニル基、ナフチル基等が挙げられる。
また、前記アラルキル基の炭素数は特に限定されないが、7~20であることが好ましく、7~10であることがより好ましい。具体例としては、ベンジル基などが挙げられる。
これらの中でも、分子間の立体障害を抑制する観点からはヒドロキシル基、メチル基又はエチル基が好ましい。
他の好ましい例としては、下記式(2-1)~(2-3)で表される少なくとも1種の部分構造が好ましい。下記式(2-1)~(2-3)で表される少なくとも1種の部分構造を有することにより、吸着部分の立体障害が緩和されることとなり、吸着部の空間自由度が上がることで効率的に顔料へ吸着が可能となる傾向がある。
Rγ、Rδ及びRεはそれぞれ独立に、置換基を有していてもよいアルキレン基、置換基を有していてもよいアリーレン基、又は前記アルキレン基と前記アリーレン基とを連結した基を表す。ただし、Rγが置換基を有していてもよいアルキレン基、又は前記アルキレン基と前記アリーレン基とを連結した基の場合、前記アルキレン基を構成するメチレン基の少なくとも一部が、エステル結合、エーテル結合、ウレタン結合、ウレア結合、アミド結合、イミド結合、チオウレタン結合、チオエーテル結合、及びチオエステル結合からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つの結合で置換されていてもよい。またRγは、-NH-(C=O)-基を介して、隣接する少なくともいずれか1つのN原子と共にウレア結合していてもよく、また、カルボニル基を介してアミド結合していてもよい。
*は結合手を表す。
Rγ及びRηはそれぞれ独立に、置換基を有していてもよいアルキレン基、置換基を有していてもよいアリーレン基、又は前記アルキレン基と前記アリーレン基とを連結した基を表す。ただし、Rγ及びRηがそれぞれ独立に、置換基を有していてもよいアルキレン基、又は前記アルキレン基と前記アリーレン基とを連結した基の場合、前記アルキレン基を構成するメチレン基の少なくとも一部が、エステル結合、エーテル結合、ウレタン結合、ウレア結合、アミド結合、イミド結合、チオウレタン結合、チオエーテル結合、及びチオエステル結合からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つの結合で置換されていてもよい。またRγ及びRηは、-NH-(C=O)-基を介して、隣接する少なくともいずれか1つのN原子と共にウレア結合していてもよく、また、カルボニル基を介してアミド結合していてもよい。
*は結合手を表す。
Rγ’及びRδはそれぞれ独立に、置換基を有していてもよいアルキレン基、置換基を有していてもよいアリーレン基、又は前記アルキレン基と前記アリーレン基とを連結した基を表す。ただし、Rγ’が置換基を有していてもよいアルキレン基、又は前記アルキレン基と前記アリーレン基とを連結した基の場合、前記アルキレン基を構成するメチレン基の少なくとも一部が、エステル結合、エーテル結合、ウレタン結合、ウレア結合、アミド結合、イミド結合、チオウレタン結合、チオエーテル結合、及びチオエステル結合からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つの結合で置換されていてもよい。またRγ’は、-NH-(C=O)-基を介して、隣接するN原子と共にウレア結合していてもよく、また、カルボニル基を介してアミド結合していてもよい。
Rε’は直接結合、置換基を有していてもよいアルキレン基、置換基を有していてもよいアリーレン基、又は前記アルキレン基と前記アリーレン基とを連結した基を表す。
Rζは水素原子、置換基を有していてもよいアルキル基、又は置換基を有していてもよいアリール基を表す。ただし、Rζがアルキル基又はアリール基の場合、その水素原子の少なくとも1つが、3級アミノ基又は窒素原子含有複素環基で置換されていてもよい。
*は結合手を表す。
前記アルキル基の炭素数は特に限定されないが、1~20であることが好ましく、1~10であることがより好ましく、1~5であることがさらに好ましい。アルキル基は直鎖状でも、分岐鎖状でも、環状でもよい。具体例としては、メチル基、エチル基、シクロヘキシル基等が挙げられる。
また、前記アリール基の炭素数は特に限定されないが、6~20であることが好ましく、6~10であることがより好ましい。具体例としては、フェニル基、ナフチル基等が挙げられる。
また、前記アラルキル基の炭素数は特に限定されないが、7~20であることが好ましく、7~10であることがより好ましい。具体例としては、ベンジル基などが挙げられる。
これらの中でも、分子間立体障害による顔料吸着を阻害しない観点からはヒドロキシル基、メチル基又はエチル基が好ましい。
前記アルキル基の炭素数は特に限定されないが、1~20であることが好ましく、1~10であることがより好ましく、1~5であることがさらに好ましい。アルキル基は直鎖状でも、分岐鎖状でも、環状でもよい。具体例としては、メチル基、エチル基、シクロヘキシル基等が挙げられる。
また、前記アリール基の炭素数は特に限定されないが、6~20であることが好ましく、6~10であることがより好ましい。具体例としては、フェニル基、ナフチル基等が挙げられる。
また、前記アラルキル基の炭素数は特に限定されないが、7~20であることが好ましく、7~10であることがより好ましい。具体例としては、ベンジル基などが挙げられる。
これらの中でも、取扱い易さ及び分散性の観点からはメチル基であることが好ましい。
ポリウレタン分散剤(b-1)は、例えば、上述の吸着基含有部分構造を有するものとすることができることができ、上述の吸着基含有部分構造を1種類有するものとすることもでき、また、2種類以上を有するものとすることもできる。
ポリウレタン分散剤(b-1)は、親溶媒基を含む。ポリウレタン分散剤(b-1)が有する親溶媒基の種類は、溶媒との相溶性を示すものであれば特に限定されない。親溶媒基は、分散性の観点から、ポリエーテル鎖及びポリエステル鎖の少なくとも一方を含むことが好ましい。また、ポリウレタン分散剤(b-1)が主鎖を有する場合、分散性の観点から親しい溶媒基は、ポリエーテル鎖及びポリエステル鎖の少なくとも一方を含み、かつ、主鎖と結合したものであることが好ましい。
Rγ、Rδ及びRεはそれぞれ独立に、置換基を有していてもよいアルキレン基、置換基を有していてもよいアリーレン基、又は前記アルキレン基と前記アリーレン基とを連結した基を表す。ただし、Rγが置換基を有していてもよいアルキレン基、又は前記アルキレン基と前記アリーレン基とを連結した基の場合、前記アルキレン基を構成するメチレン基の少なくとも一部が、エステル結合、エーテル結合、ウレタン結合、ウレア結合、アミド結合、イミド結合、チオウレタン結合、チオエーテル結合、及びチオエステル結合からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つの結合で置換されていてもよい。またRγは、-NH-(C=O)-基を介して、隣接する1つのN原子と共にウレア結合していてもよく、また、カルボニル基を介してアミド結合していてもよい。
またRγは、-NH-(C=O)-基を介して、隣接する1つのO原子と共にウレタン結合していてもよく、また、カルボニル基を介してエステル結合していてもよい。
*は結合手を表す。
Rγ及びRηはそれぞれ独立に、置換基を有していてもよいアルキレン基、置換基を有していてもよいアリーレン基、又は前記アルキレン基と前記アリーレン基とを連結した基を表す。ただし、Rγ及びRηがそれぞれ独立に、置換基を有していてもよいアルキレン基、又は前記アルキレン基と前記アリーレン基とを連結した基の場合、前記アルキレン基を構成するメチレン基の少なくとも一部が、エステル結合、エーテル結合、ウレタン結合、ウレア結合、アミド結合、イミド結合、チオウレタン結合、チオエーテル結合、及びチオエステル結合からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つの結合で置換されていてもよい。またRγ及びRηは、-NH-(C=O)-基を介して、隣接する1つのN原子と共にウレア結合していてもよく、また、カルボニル基を介してアミド結合していてもよい。
またRγは、-NH-(C=O)-基を介して、隣接する1つのO原子と共にウレタン結合していてもよく、また、カルボニル基を介してエステル結合していてもよい。
*は結合手を表す。
Rγ’及びRδはそれぞれ独立に、置換基を有していてもよいアルキレン基、置換基を有していてもよいアリーレン基、又は前記アルキレン基と前記アリーレン基とを連結した基を表す。ただし、Rγ’が置換基を有していてもよいアルキレン基、又は前記アルキレン基と前記アリーレン基とを連結した基の場合、前記アルキレン基を構成するメチレン基の少なくとも一部が、エステル結合、エーテル結合、ウレタン結合、ウレア結合、アミド結合、イミド結合、チオウレタン結合、チオエーテル結合、及びチオエステル結合からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つの結合で置換されていてもよい。
またRγ’は、-NH-(C=O)-基を介して、隣接する1つのO原子と共にウレタン結合していてもよく、また、カルボニル基を介してエステル結合していてもよい。
Rε’は、直接結合、置換基を有していてもよいアルキレン基、置換基を有していてもよいアリーレン基、又は前記アルキレン基と前記アリーレン基とを連結した基を表す。
Rζ’は水素原子、置換基を有していてもよいアルキル基又は置換基を有していてもよいアリール基を表す。ただし、Rζ’が置換基を有していてもよいアルキル基又は置換基を有していてもよいアリール基の場合、その水素原子の少なくとも1つが、Rθ-O-Rγ’-で置換されていてもよい。
*は結合手を表す。
前記アルキル基の炭素数は特に限定されないが、1~20であることが好ましく、1~10であることがより好ましく、1~5であることがさらに好ましい。アルキル基は直鎖状でも、分岐鎖状でも、環状でもよい。具体例としては、メチル基、エチル基、シクロヘキシル基等が挙げられる。
また、前記アリール基の炭素数は特に限定されないが、6~20であることが好ましく、6~10であることがより好ましい。具体例としては、フェニル基、ナフチル基等が挙げられる。
また、前記アラルキル基の炭素数は特に限定されないが、7~20であることが好ましく、7~10であることがより好ましい。具体例としては、ベンジル基などが挙げられる。
これらの中でも、取扱い易さ及び分散性の観点からはアルキル基が好ましく、メチル基がより好ましい。
前記アルキル基の炭素数は特に限定されないが、1~20であることが好ましく、1~10であることがより好ましく、1~5であることがさらに好ましい。アルキル基は直鎖状でも、分岐鎖状でも、環状でもよい。具体例としては、メチル基、エチル基、シクロヘキシル基等が挙げられる。
また、前記アリール基の炭素数は特に限定されないが、6~20であることが好ましく、6~10であることがより好ましい。具体例としては、フェニル基、ナフチル基等が挙げられる。
また、前記アラルキル基の炭素数は特に限定されないが、7~20であることが好ましく、7~10であることがより好ましい。具体例としては、ベンジル基などが挙げられる。
これらの中でも、顔料への吸着阻害を抑制する観点からはヒドロキシル基、メチル基またはエチル基であることが好ましい。
前記アルキル基の炭素数は特に限定されないが、1~20であることが好ましく、1~10であることがより好ましく、1~5であることがさらに好ましい。アルキル基は直鎖状でも、分岐鎖状でも、環状でもよい。具体例としては、メチル基、エチル基、シクロヘキシル基等が挙げられる。
また、前記アリール基の炭素数は特に限定されないが、6~20であることが好ましく、6~10であることがより好ましい。具体例としては、フェニル基、ナフチル基等が挙げられる。
また、前記アラルキル基の炭素数は特に限定されないが、7~20であることが好ましく、7~10であることがより好ましい。具体例としては、ベンジル基などが挙げられる。
これらの中でも、アルカリ現像性への寄与、または基板密着への寄与の観点からはヒドロキシル基、メチル基又はエチル基であることが好ましい。
前記アルキル基の炭素数は特に限定されないが、1~20であることが好ましく、1~10であることがより好ましく、1~5であることがさらに好ましい。アルキル基は直鎖状でも、分岐鎖状でも、環状でもよい。具体例としては、メチル基、エチル基、シクロヘキシル基等が挙げられる。
また、前記アリール基の炭素数は特に限定されないが、6~20であることが好ましく、6~10であることがより好ましい。具体例としては、フェニル基、ナフチル基等が挙げられる。
また、前記アラルキル基の炭素数は特に限定されないが、7~20であることが好ましく、7~10であることがより好ましい。具体例としては、ベンジル基などが挙げられる。
これらの中でも、アルカリ現像性への寄与、または基板密着への寄与の観点からはヒドロキシル基、メチル基又はエチル基であることが好ましい。
ポリウレタン分散剤(b-1)は、例えば、上述の親溶媒基含有部分構造を有するものとすることができ、上述の親溶媒基含有部分構造を1種類有するものとすることもでき、また、2種類以上を有するものとすることもできる。特に、ポリエーテル鎖を有する親溶媒基含有部分構造と、ポリエステル鎖を有する親溶媒基含有部分構造を共に有することが、分散効果がさらに大きくなるためより好ましい。
<分散性向上効果>
本発明で用いるポリウレタン分散剤(b-1)は、前記式(i)で表される部分構造を含むことを特徴とする。前記式(i)で表される部分構造を含むことで、親溶媒基又は吸着基、特に親溶媒基含有部分構造又は吸着基含有部分構造を直線上に配置することができ、溶媒への相溶性及び顔料全体への吸着性を高めることができるものと考えられる。また、ウレタン結合部位における窒素原子も顔料の吸着に寄与しており、吸着基との相乗効果によって、より一層、顔料吸着性が良好となっていると考えられる。
ポリウレタン分散剤(b-1)を含有する感光性樹脂組成物を用いることで、タブレット又は高精細ディスプレイなどに適用される高精細なカラーフィルターを製造することで、特にアルカル現像又は高温処理される工程においても微細な高細線を安定して形成することができる。
ポリウレタン分散剤(b-1)は、例えば、ジイソシアネート化合物を用いて製造することができる。また、吸着基は、イソシアネート基と反応する官能基である、水酸基、イミノ基、又はチオール基を2個有し、かつ、該イソシアネート基と反応しない吸着基を1個以上有する化合物(以下、「吸着基導入化合物」と称す場合がある。)を用いて得ることができる。
ポリウレタン分散剤(b-1)の主鎖となるポリウレタン骨格は、本質的に直鎖であることが好ましい。この直鎖のポリウレタン骨格を形成するためのポリイソシアネート化合物としては、前述のとおり、イソシアネート基を2個有するジイソシアネート化合物(b-a)を用いることが好ましい。
前記ジイソシアネート化合物(b-a)としては、トルエンジイソシアネート(TDI)、イソホロンジイソシアネート(IPDI)、ヘキサンジイソシアネート(HDI)、α,α-テトラメチルキシレンジイソシアネート(TMXDI)、ジフェニルメタン-4,4’-ジイソシアネート(4,4’-MDI)、ジフェニルメタン-2,4’-ジイソシアネート(2,4’-MDI)若しくはジシクロヘキシルメタン-4,4’-ジイソシアネート(HMDI)などのジイソシアネート化合物、又はこれらのジイソシアネート化合物の混合物であることが好ましい。
ポリウレタン分散剤(b-1)中に含まれる吸着基は、前記ジイソシアネート化合物(b-a)とポリウレタン骨格を形成するために、イソシアネート基と反応する官能基を2個有する吸着基導入化合物(b-b)から得ることができる。
化合物(b-b)が、式(1)で表される部分構造をポリウレタン分散剤(b-1)に導入する化合物である場合、化合物(b-b)の2個の水酸基と、ジイソシアネート化合物(b-a)の2個のイソシアネート基の結合によって、式(1)で表される部分構造全体の3級アミン構造が、ポリウレタン骨格に組み込まれる。
吸着基導入化合物(b-b)が、前記式(2-1)、(2-2)、又は(2-3)で表される部分構造をポリウレタン分散剤(b-1)に導入する化合物の場合、化合物(b-b)のイソシアネート基と反応する2個の官能基と、ジイソシアネート化合物(b-a)のイソシアネート基との結合によって、吸着基である式(2-1)、(2-2)、又は(2-3)中のRα、Rβ、N及びRγ(Rγ’)は、ポリウレタン骨格から離れて存在したものとなる。
化合物(b-b)として、窒素原子を含有する複素環化合物を用いることで、ポリウレタン分散剤(b-1)に良好な顔料吸着機能を付与することができる。これらの窒素原子を含有する複素環がポリウレタン骨格に組み込まれる場合の、その窒素原子を含有する複素環基を導入するための化合物と、導入される構造の具体例としては、以下のようなものが挙げられる。
ポリウレタン分散剤(b-1)に4級アンモニウム塩基を導入する方法としては、例えば、まず式(2-1)~(2-3)で表される部分構造を導入するための化合物を用いることでポリウレタン分散剤(b-1)に3級アミノ基を導入し、次に既知の任意の4級化剤を用いることで該3級アミノ基を4級化する方法が挙げられる。
ポリウレタン分散剤(b-1)中のポリウレタン骨格の主鎖と、その側方に結合した横方向の親溶媒基の側鎖は、片末端のみにイソシアネート基と反応する官能基を2個有する親溶媒基を含む化合物(b-c)と、前記ジイソシアネート化合物(b-a)を反応させることによって得ることができる。
ポリウレタン分散剤(b-1)は、その他、以下の化合物(b-d)、(b-e)、(b-f)のウレタン反応、ウレア反応によって導入される構造を含有してもよい。
・化合物(b-e):イソシアネート基と反応する1つの官能基を含む、連鎖停止剤として作用する化合物の1種又は2種以上。
・化合物(b-f):1個のイソシアネート基を含む、連鎖停止剤として作用する化合物の1種又は2種以上。
ポリウレタン分散剤(b-1)を合成する際の典型的な原料使用量は、ポリウレタン分散剤(b-1)全体の原料の合計質量に対して、10~50質量%の化合物(b-a)、1~24質量%の化合物(b-b)、10~80質量%の化合物(b-c)、0~25質量%の化合物(b-d)、0~50質量%の化合物(b-e)、および0~20質量%の化合物(b-f)である。
ポリウレタン分散剤(b-1)の、固形分1g中のアミン価は、分散性の観点から、10mgKOH/g以上であることが好ましく、20mgKOH/g以上であることがより好ましい。また、分散性の観点から、180mgKOH/g以下であることが好ましく、110mgKOH/g以下であることがより好ましく、70mgKOH/g以下であることがさらに好ましい。
本発明のポリウレタン分散剤(b-1)の他の実施形態として、非直鎖、即ち、分岐構造を含む主鎖を有するもの、即ち、主鎖において少なくとも3つ以上に分岐した枝を有するものが挙げられる。
ポリイソシアネート化合物(b-a’)は、3個以上のイソシアネート基を有する化合物を含有していれば、ポリウレタン骨格を分岐構造とすることができるが、分岐は低度となることが好ましい。
[{(官能基数)×(その官能基数を有する化合物のモル数)}の総和]/(化合物の総モル数)
前記化合物(b-d)は、イソシアネート基と反応する官能基を2個有し、直鎖のポリウレタン骨格を形成するが、化合物(b-d’)はイソシアネート基と反応する官能基を3個以上有する化合物を少なくとも含有しているので、それにより、主鎖のポリウレタン骨格に分岐構造を導入することができる。
{(b-b)中のイソシアネート基と反応する官能基数}×{(b-b)のモル数}+{(b-c)中のイソシアネート基と反応する官能基数}×{(b-c)のモル数}+{(b-d’)中のイソシアネート基と反応する官能基数}×{(b-d’)のモル数}+{(b-e)中のイソシアネート基と反応する官能基数}×{(b-e)のモル数}
・(b-a’)中のイソシアネート基数:2個
・(b-b)中のイソシアネート基と反応する官能基数:2個
・(b-c)中のイソシアネート基と反応する官能基数:2個
・(b-d’)中のイソシアネート基と反応する官能基数:2個と3個以上の混合物を含めて、平均官能基数が少なくとも2個よりも多い。
・(b-e)中のイソシアネート基と反応する官能基数:1個
ただし、A及びBは以下の通りである。
A=
{(b-b)中のイソシアネート基と反応する官能基数}×{(b-b)のモル数}
+{(b-c)中のイソシアネート基と反応する官能基数}×{(b-c)のモル数}+{(b-d’)中のイソシアネート基と反応する官能基数}×{(b-d’)のモル数}
B={(b-b)のモル数}+{(b-c)のモル数}+{(b-d’)のモル数}
本発明の感光性樹脂組成物中の分散剤(b)は、少なくとも前記ポリウレタン分散剤(b-1)を含むものであるが、ポリウレタン分散剤(b-1)を用いることによる本発明の効果に影響がない範囲で、ポリウレタン分散剤(b-1)以外のその他の分散剤(b-2)を併用してもよい。
アミン価は、分散剤試料中の溶剤を除いた固形分1gあたりの塩基量と当量のKOHの質量で表し、次の方法により測定することができる。
〔但し、W:分散剤試料秤取量[g]、V:滴定終点での滴定量[mL]、S:分散剤試料の固形分濃度[質量%]を表す。〕
本発明の感光性樹脂組成物に含有される光重合開始剤(c)は、少なくとも、オキシムエステル光重合開始剤(c-1)を含むことを特徴とする。
本発明において、光重合開始剤(c)として、オキシム誘導体類(オキシム系及びケトオキシム系化合物)であるオキシムエステルが有効である理由は次の通りである。
R21bは芳香環あるいはヘテロ芳香環を含む任意の置換基を示す。
なお、R21aはR21bと共に環を形成してもよく、その連結基は、それぞれ置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~10のアルキレン基、ポリエチレン基[-(CH=CH)r-]若しくはポリエチニレン基[-(C≡C)r-]又はこれらを組み合わせてなる基が挙げられる。なお、rは0~3の整数である。
R22aは、上記式(22)のおけるR22と同様の基を示す。
また、上記一般式(23)におけるR21bとしては、好ましくは置換されていてもよいカルバゾール基、置換されていてもよいチオキサントニル基又は置換されていてもよいフェニルスルフィド基が挙げられる。R21bとして、置換基を有していてもよいカルバゾール基を含有する場合が、前述の理由からより好ましい。またニトロ基をもったカルバゾール基を有するオキシムエステル開始剤も有効である。
また、これらの基は、吸収した光エネルギーの効率的な伝達の観点から、カルバゾール基の3位に結合していることが好ましい。同様に、前記式(23)におけるC原子は、カルバゾール基の6位に結合していることが好ましい。
また、カルバゾール基のN原子に結合しているH原子は、任意の置換基で置換されていてもよく、任意の置換基としては溶媒への溶解性の観点から、炭素数1~20のアルキル基が好ましく、炭素数1~10のアルキル基がより好ましく、炭素数1~5のアルキル基がさらに好ましい。
R23bは芳香環あるいはヘテロ芳香環を含む任意の置換基を示す。
なお、R23aはR23bと共に環を形成してもよく、その連結基は、それぞれ置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~10のアルキレン基、ポリエチレン基(-(CH=CH)r-)、ポリエチニレン基(-(C≡C)r-)あるいはこれらを組み合わせてなる基が挙げられる。なお、rは0~3の整数である。
R24aは、それぞれ置換されていてもよい、炭素数2~12のアルカノイル基、炭素数3~25のアルケノイル基、炭素数4~8のシクロアルカノイル基、炭素数7~20のベンゾイル基、炭素数3~20のヘテロアリーロイル基、炭素数2~10のアルコキシカルボニル基、炭素数7~20のアリールオキシカルボニル基、炭素数2~20のヘテロアリール基、又は炭素数2~20のアルキルアミノカルボニル基を表す。
本発明における光重合開始剤(c)は、少なくとも上記のオキシムエステル光重合開始剤(c-1)を含むものであるが、オキシムエステル光重合開始剤(c-1)を用いることによる本発明の効果に影響しない範囲でオキシムエステル光重合開始剤(c-1)以外のその他の光重合開始剤(c-2)を併用してもよい。また、必要に応じて、加速剤、増感色素等の付加剤を添加して使用してもよい。
加速剤としては、例えば、2-メルカプトベンゾチアゾール、2-メルカプトベンゾオキサゾール、2-メルカプトベンゾイミダゾール等の複素環を有するメルカプト化合物又は脂肪族多官能メルカプト化合物等が挙げられる。加速剤は、1種類を単独で用いても、2種以上を組み合わせて使用してもよい。
光重合開始剤(c)には、必要に応じて、感応感度を高める目的で、画像露光光源の波長に応じた増感色素を併用させることができる。これら増感色素としては、日本国特開平4-221958号公報、同4-219756号公報に記載のキサンテン色素、日本国特開平3-239703号公報、同5-289335号公報に記載の複素環を有するクマリン色素、日本国特開平3-239703号公報、同5-289335号公報に記載の3-ケトクマリン化合物、日本国特開平6-19240号公報に記載のピロメテン色素、その他、日本国特開昭47-2528号公報、同54-155292号公報、日本国特公昭45-37377号公報、日本国特開昭48-84183号公報、同52-112681号公報、同58-15503号公報、同60-88005号公報、同59-56403号公報、日本国特開平2-69号公報、日本国特開昭57-168088号公報、日本国特開平5-107761号公報、日本国特開平5-210240号公報、日本国特開平4-288818号公報に記載のジアルキルアミノベンゼン骨格を有する色素等を挙げることができる。
このうち最も好ましいものは、4,4’-ジアルキルアミノベンゾフェノンである。
本発明の感光性樹脂組成物に適用される樹脂としては、アルカリ可溶性樹脂(d)が適用される。本発明で用いるアルカリ可溶性樹脂(d)は、これを含有する本発明の感光性樹脂組成物を塗布、乾燥して得られる膜を露光後、露光部と非露光部のアルカリ現像液に対する溶解性が変化するようなものであれば特に限定されてないが、カルボキシル基及びエチレン性不飽和基の少なくとも一方を有するアルカリ可溶性樹脂(d-1)が好ましく、カルボキシル基とエチレン性不飽和基を有するアルカリ可溶性樹脂が更に好ましい。
カルボキシル基を有するエポキシ(メタ)アクリレート樹脂としては、例えば、以下のエポキシ(メタ)アクリレート樹脂(D1-1)及び/又はエポキシ(メタ)アクリレート樹脂(D1-2)が挙げられる。
エポキシ樹脂にα,β-不飽和モノカルボン酸又はカルボキシル基を有するα,β-不飽和モノカルボン酸エステルを付加させ、さらに、多塩基酸及びその無水物の少なくとも一方を反応させることによって得られたエポキシ(メタ)アクリレート樹脂。
エポキシ樹脂にα,β-不飽和モノカルボン酸又はカルボキシル基を有するα,β-不飽和モノカルボン酸エステルを付加させ、さらに、多価アルコールと、多塩基酸及びその無水物の少なくとも一方と反応させることによって得られたエポキシ(メタ)アクリレート樹脂。
アクリル共重合樹脂としては、例えば、日本国特開平7-207211号公報、日本国特開平8-259876号公報、日本国特開平10-300922号公報、日本国特開平11-140144号公報、日本国特開平11-174224号公報、日本国特開2000-56118号公報、日本国特開2003-233179号公報、日本国特開2007-270147号公報などの各公報等に記載された様々な高分子化合物を使用することができるが、好ましくは、以下の(D2-1)~(D2-4)の樹脂等が挙げられる。中でも(D2-1)~(D2-4)の樹脂の中においては、(D2-1)と(D2-3)の樹脂が好ましい。
(D2-2):主鎖にカルボキシル基を含有する直鎖状アルカリ可溶性樹脂(以下「(D2-2)樹脂」と称す場合がある。)
(D2-3):前記(D2-2)樹脂のカルボキシル基部分に、エポキシ基含有不飽和化合物を付加させた樹脂(以下「(D2-3)樹脂」と称す場合がある。)
(D2-4):(メタ)アクリル系樹脂(以下「(D2-4)樹脂」と称す場合がある。)
尚、上記(D2-1)樹脂もエポキシ(メタ)アクリレート樹脂の概念に包含される。
以下、これらの各樹脂について説明する。
(D2-1)エポキシ基含有(メタ)アクリレートと、他のラジカル重合性単量体との共重合体に対し、当該共重合体が有するエポキシ基の少なくとも一部に不飽和一塩基酸を付加させてなる樹脂、或いは当該付加反応により生じた水酸基の少なくとも一部に多塩基酸無水物を付加させて得られる樹脂としては、より具体的には、「エポキシ基含有(メタ)アクリレート5~90モル%と、他のラジカル重合性単量体10~95モル%との共重合体に対し、当該共重合体が有するエポキシ基の10~100モル%に不飽和一塩基酸を付加させてなる樹脂、或いは当該付加反応により生じた水酸基の10~100モル%に、更に多塩基酸無水物を付加させて得られる樹脂」が挙げられる。
(D2-2)主鎖にカルボキシル基を含有する直鎖状アルカリ可溶性樹脂としては、カルボキシル基を有していれば特に限定されず、通常、カルボキシル基を含有する重合性モノマーを重合して得られる。
(D2-3)前記(D2-2)樹脂のカルボキシル基部分に、エポキシ基含有不飽和化合物を付加させた樹脂において、(D2-2)樹脂のカルボキシル基部分に付加させるエポキシ基含有不飽和化合物としては、分子内にエチレン性不飽和基及びエポキシ基を有するものであれば、特に限定されるものではない。
(D2-4)(メタ)アクリル系樹脂としては、下記一般式(6)で表される化合物を必須とするモノマー成分を重合してなる(メタ)アクリル系樹脂を挙げることができる。
本発明の感光性樹脂組成物は、上記のエポキシ(メタ)アクリレート樹脂(D1-1)、エポキシ(メタ)アクリレート樹脂(D1-2)、(D2-1)~(D2-4)樹脂以外に、アルカリ可溶性樹脂(b)として、その他のアルカリ可溶性樹脂の1種又は2種以上を含有していてもよい。
本発明の感光性樹脂組成物は、色材(a)を含有する。色材(a)は、本発明の感光性樹脂組成物を着色するものをいう。色材(a)としては、染顔料が使用できるが、耐熱性及び耐光性等の点から顔料が好ましい。
本発明に用いられる色材(a)である顔料の平均一次粒径としては、カラーフィルターの着色層とした場合に、所望の発色が可能なものであればよく、特に限定されず、用いる顔料の種類によっても異なるが、10~100nmの範囲内であることが好ましく、10~70nmの範囲内であることがより好ましく、20~60nmの範囲内であることがさらに好ましい。該顔料の平均一次粒径が上記範囲であることにより、本発明の感光性樹脂組成物を用いて製造された画像表示装置の色特性を高品質なものとすることができる。また、顔料がカーボンブラックの場合の平均一次粒径は、100nm以下が好ましく、80nm以下がより好ましく、60nm以下がさらに好ましく、50nm以下が特に好ましい。また、顔料がカーボンブラックの場合の平均一次粒径は、20nm以上が好ましく、24nm以上がより好ましく、特に27nm以上が好ましい。
本発明の感光性樹脂組成物は、感度等の点から光重合性モノマーを含有することが好ましい。
本発明の感光性樹脂組成物は、高感度化、基板への密着性の向上のため、チオール類を含有することも好ましい。
本発明の感光性樹脂組成物は、通常、アルカリ可溶性樹脂(d)、光重合性モノマー、光重合開始剤(c)、色材(a)、分散剤(b)、及び必要に応じて使用される各種材料が、溶剤(e)に溶解又は分散した状態で使用される。
このような有機溶剤としては、例えば、次のようなものが挙げられる。
好ましい高沸点溶剤として、例えば、前述の各種溶剤の中ではジエチレングリコールモノ-n-ブチルエーテルアセテート、ジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセテート、ジプロピレングリコールメチルエーテルアセテート、1,3-ブチレングリコールジアセテート、1,6-ヘキサノールジアセテート及びトリアセチンなどが挙げられる。
本発明の感光性樹脂組成物には、上述の成分の他、密着向上剤、塗布性向上剤、現像改良剤、紫外線吸収剤、酸化防止剤、シランカップリング剤、界面活性剤、顔料誘導体、重合加速剤、光酸発生剤、架橋剤、可塑剤、保存安定剤、表面保護剤、有機カルボン酸、有機カルボン酸無水物、現像改良剤又は熱重合防止剤等を適宜配合することができる。
基板との密着性を改善するため、密着向上剤を本発明の感光性樹脂組成物に含有させてもよい。密着向上剤としては、例えば、シランカップリング剤、リン酸系密着向上剤及びその他の密着向上剤等が挙げられる。
本発明の感光性着色組成物には、塗布性向上ため、界面活性剤を含有させてもよい。
本発明の感光性着色組成物には、分散性、保存性向上のため、顔料誘導体を含有させてもよく、特に分散剤(b)と顔料誘導体の併用は分散性向上の点で好ましい。
本発明の感光性樹脂組成物の色材(a)の含有割合は、感光性樹脂組成物中の全固形分量に対して通常1質量%以上、好ましくは5質量%以上、より好ましくは10質量%以上、さらに好ましくは20質量%以上、よりさらに好ましくは30質量%以上、特に好ましくは40質量%以上であり、また、通常70質量%以下、好ましくは65質量%以下、より好ましくは60質量%以下である。前記下限値以上とすることで、所定の色濃度を得るための膜厚が厚くなることで生じる、液晶セル化の際のギャップ制御などの悪影響を防止できる傾向があり、また、前記上限値以下とすることで、充分な画像形成性が容易に得られる傾向がある。
なお、本発明の感光性樹脂組成物は、顔料濃度高い場合に限られず、低い場合においても、本発明の効果を奏することができる。感光性樹脂組成物において顔料濃度のみ変更した場合に、顔料濃度によっては、現像後の熱硬化処理時に熱変形が生じて細線の線幅が多少太くなったり細くなったりする場合もあるが、光重合性モノマーや光重合性開始剤などの成分量を調整したり、露光量を調整したりすることで、所望の線幅の細線を得ることができる。
本発明の感光性樹脂組成物(以下、「レジスト」と称することがある。)は、常法に従って製造される。
本発明の感光性樹脂組成物を硬化させることで、本発明の硬化物を得ることができる。本発明の感光性樹脂組成物を硬化してなる硬化物は、ブラックマトリックス又は着色スペーサーとして好ましく用いることができる。
次に、本発明の感光性樹脂組成物を用いたブラックマトリックスについて、その製造方法に従って説明する。
ブラックマトリックスを形成するための支持体としては、適度の強度があれば、その材質は特に限定されるものではない。支持体としては、主として透明基板が使用される。材質としては、例えば、ポリエチレンテレフタレートなどのポリエステル系樹脂、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレンなどのポリオレフィン系樹脂、ポリカーボネート、ポリメチルメタクリレート、ポリスルホンなどの熱可塑性樹脂製シート、エポキシ樹脂、不飽和ポリエステル樹脂、ポリ(メタ)アクリル系樹脂などの熱硬化性樹脂シート、又は各種ガラスなどが挙げられる。この中でも、耐熱性の観点からガラス、耐熱性樹脂が好ましい。
上述の本発明の感光性樹脂組成物により、本発明のブラックマトリックスを形成するには、透明基板等の支持体上に本発明の感光性樹脂組成物を塗布して乾燥した後、該塗膜の上にフォトマスクを置き、該フォトマスクを介して画像露光、現像を行い、更に必要に応じて熱硬化或いは光硬化を行うことによりブラックマトリックスを形成させる。
(3-1)感光性樹脂組成物の塗布
ブラックマトリックス用の感光性樹脂組成物の透明基板等の支持体上への塗布は、スピナー法、ワイヤーバー法、フローコート法、ダイコート法、ロールコート法、又はスプレーコート法などによって行うことができる。中でも、ダイコート法によれば、塗布液使用量が大幅に削減され、かつ、スピンコート法によった際に付着するミストなどの影響が全くなく、異物発生が抑制されるなど、総合的な観点から好ましい。
支持体に感光性樹脂組成物を塗布した後の塗膜の乾燥は、ホットプレート、IRオーブン、又はコンベクションオーブンを使用した乾燥法によるのが好ましい。乾燥の条件は、前記溶剤成分の種類、使用する乾燥機の性能などに応じて適宜選択することができる。乾燥時間は、溶剤成分の種類、使用する乾燥機の性能などに応じて、通常は、40~200℃の温度で15秒~5分間の範囲で選ばれ、好ましくは50~130℃の温度で30秒~3分間の範囲で選ばれる。
画像露光は、感光性樹脂組成物の塗膜上に、ネガのマスクパターンを重ね、このマスクパターンを介して、紫外線又は可視光線の光源を照射して行う。この際、必要に応じ、酸素による光重合性層の感度の低下を防ぐため、光重合性の塗膜上にポリビニルアルコール層などの酸素遮断層を形成した後に露光を行ってもよい。
本発明に係るブラックマトリックスは、感光性樹脂組成物による塗膜を、上記の光源によって画像露光を行った後、有機溶剤、又は、界面活性剤とアルカリ性化合物とを含む水溶液を用いる現像によって、基板上に画像を形成して作製することができる。この水溶液には、更に有機溶剤、緩衝剤、錯化剤、染料又は顔料を含ませることができる。
現像後の支持体には、熱硬化処理又は光硬化処理、好ましくは熱硬化処理を施す。この際の熱硬化処理条件は、温度は100~280℃の範囲、好ましくは150~250℃の範囲で選ばれ、時間は5~60分間の範囲で選ばれる。
ブラックマトリックスを設けた支持体上に、上記(3-1)~(3-5)と同じプロセスで赤色、緑色及び青色のうち一色の色材を含有する感光性樹脂組成物を塗布し、乾燥した後、塗膜の上にフォトマスクを重ね、該フォトマスクを介して画像露光、現像、必要に応じて熱硬化又は光硬化により画素画像を形成させることにより着色層を作製することができる。この操作を、赤色、緑色及び青色の三色の感光性樹脂組成物についてそれぞれ行うことによって、カラーフィルター画像を形成することができる。これらの順番は上記に限定されるものではない。
本発明の感光性樹脂組成物は、ブラックマトリックス以外に着色スペーサー用のレジストとして使用することも可能である。スペーサーをTFT型LCDに使用する場合、TFTに入射する光によりスイッチング素子としてTFTが誤作動を起こすことがあり、着色スペーサーはこれを防止するために用いられ、例えば、日本国特開平8-234212号公報にスペーサーを遮光性とすることが記載されている。着色スペーサーは着色スペーサー用のマスクを用いる以外は前述のブラックマトリックスと同様の方法で形成することができる。
カラーフィルターは、このままの状態で画像上にITOなどの透明電極を形成して、カラーディスプレー、液晶表示装置などの部品の一部として使用されるが、表面平滑性及び耐久性を高めるため、必要に応じ、画像上にポリアミド又はポリイミドなどのトップコート層を設けることもできる。また一部、平面配向型駆動方式(IPSモード)などの用途においては、透明電極を形成しないこともある。
本発明の画像表示装置は、本発明の感光性樹脂組成物よりなるブラックマトリックスを備えるものであり、画像又は映像を表示する装置であれば特に限定は受けないが、例えば、後述する液晶表示装置及び有機ELディスプレイ等が挙げられる。
本発明の液晶表示装置は、上述の本発明のブラックマトリックスを用いて作製されたものであり、カラー画素若しくはブラックマトリックスの形成順序又は形成位置等特に制限を受けるものではない。
有機ELディスプレイは、例えば図1に示すように、まず透明支持基板10上に、感光性樹脂組成物により形成されたパターン[すなわち、画素20、及び隣接する画素20の間に設けられた樹脂ブラックマトリックス(図示せず)]が形成されてなるカラーフィルターを作製し、該カラーフィルター上に有機保護層30及び無機酸化膜40を介して有機発光体500を積層することによって、有機EL素子100として作製することができる。
以下の(工程1-1)~(工程1-9)を経て得られるポリウレタン化合物1を分散剤1として用いた。
化合物B:ε-カプロラクトン
化合物C:ジルコニウムブトキシド触媒
化合物D:トルエンジイソシアネート(TDI)
化合物E:ジエタノールアミン
3級アミノ化合物1:3-(ジエチルアミノ)-1,2-プロパンジオール
ポリエーテル化合物1:ポリ(プロピレングリコール)モノブチルエーテル(Mn=1100)
(工程1-2)(工程1-1)で得られる混合物に化合物C(4.0質量部)を添加し180℃で20時間反応させる。
(工程1-3)(工程1-2)で得られる反応物を室温に冷却しワックス状のポリエステル化合物1を得る。
(工程1-4)化合物D(83.46質量部)を窒素雰囲気下、反応容器に入れ50~60℃に加熱する。
(工程1-5)(工程1-3)で得られるポリエステル化合物1の800質量部を50℃で溶融し、(工程1-4)で得た50~60℃に加熱した化合物Dに2時間かけて添加する。
(工程1-6)(工程1-5)で得られる混合液を、60℃で1時間、撹拌しながら反応させる。
(工程1-7)(工程1-6)で得られる反応物を20℃に冷却し、化合物E(50.37質量部)を加え35℃で残留イソシアネートがなくなるまで反応させて、ポリエステル化合物2を得る。
(工程1-8)化合物D(26.68質量部)を窒素雰囲気下、反応容器に入れ、続いて、溶媒のプロピレングリコールメチルエーテルアセテートを131質量部、3級アミノ化合物1(17.12質量部)、(工程1-7)で得た前記ポリエステル化合物2を57.68質量部加えて、撹拌しながら70℃に加熱する。
(工程1-9):(工程1-8)で得られる混合液にさらにポリエーテル化合物1(17.00質量部)を加え、70℃で残留イソシアネートがなくなるまで2時間反応させることで、GPC分析で重量平均分子量(Mw)が22000で数平均分子量(Mn)が8800を示すポリウレタン化合物1を得る。
以下の(工程2-1)~(工程2-13)を経て得られるポリウレタン化合物2を分散剤2として用いた。
化合物E:ジエタノールアミン
化合物F:ジメチルアミノプロピルアミン
化合物G:2-ヒドロキシエチルアクリレート
化合物H:2,6-ジ-tert-ブチル-4-メチルフェノール
ポリエーテル化合物1:ポリ(プロピレングリコール)モノブチルエーテル(Mn=1100)
ポリエステル化合物1:前記(工程1-3)で得られる。
ポリエステル化合物2:前記(工程1-7)で得られる。
(工程2-2)50℃まで加熱した撹拌反応容器に、化合物D(25.0質量部)を充填する。
(工程2-3)ポリエーテル化合物1(125.0質量部、TDIに対して約0.8モル当量)を滴下漏斗に充填し、50~60℃の間の温度を維持し、4時間で上記の撹拌反応容器に滴下する。
(工程2-4)(工程2-3)で得られる反応物を、70℃で、60分間保持する。
(工程2-5)残留イソシアネートの滴定により、反応の完結を決定し、その反応混合物を20℃まで冷却する。
(工程2-6)(工程2-5)で得られる反応混合物に、化合物E(24.14質量部、TDIに対して約1.6モル当量)を加え、赤外分光分析により決定できるイソシアネートの残留がなくなるまで、室温で保持する。
(工程2-7)(工程2-6)で得られる生成物の混合物(これは、ジエタノールアミンとTDIとの二付加物を含有する)をジエチルエーテルに溶解し、シリカカラムで溶出する。
(工程2-8)(工程2-7)で溶出するカラムをジエチルエーテルで3回洗浄し、画分を合わせ、そして真空中で溶媒を除去し、90質量部のポリエーテル化合物2の固形生成物を得る。
上記の(工程2-7)及び(工程2-8)でジエタノールアミンとTDIとの二付加物が除去される。
(工程2-10)上記化合物Dを含む反応器に、溶媒として酢酸メトキシプロピル(130.87質量部)、ポリエステル化合物2(15.23質量部)およびポリエーテル化合物2(10.68質量部)、および3級アミノ化合物2(28.30質量部)を添加する。(工程2-11)(工程2-10)で得られる混合物を攪拌しながら70℃に加熱する。
(工程2-12)ポリエステル化合物1(26.09質量部)を(工程2-11)の反応混合物に加え、70℃で2時間保持する。
(工程2-13)(工程2-12)で得られる反応混合物の残留イソシアネートが無いことを確認し、GPC分析で重量平均分子量(Mw)が20000で数平均分子量(Mn)が8000を示すポリウレタン化合物2を得る。
以下の(工程3-1)を経て得られるポリウレタン化合物3を分散剤3として用いた。
化合物I:塩化ベンジル
(工程3-1)前記(工程1-9)で得られる反応液200質量部(ポリウレタン化合物1の含有量は94.97質量部)に化合物I(2.35質量部、反応液中のポリウレタン化合物1中の3級アミンのモル数の20%相当のモル数の量)を添加し、70℃で20時間撹拌することで、ポリウレタン化合物1中の3級アミンの一部が4級化されているポリウレタン化合物3を得る。
以下の(工程4-1)を経て得られるポリウレタン化合物4を分散剤4として用いた。
化合物E:ジエタノールアミン
(工程4-1)前記(工程1-8)において、3級アミノ化合物1(17.12質量部、0.12モル)の代わりに、同じモル数の化合物E(ジエタノールアミン、12.62質量部、0.12モル)を加える以外は(工程1-1)~(工程1-9)と同じように行い、ポリウレタン化合物4を得る。
以下の(工程5-1)を経て得られるポリウレタン化合物5を分散剤5として用いた。
化合物J:1,6-ヘキサンジオール
(工程5-1)前記(工程1-8)において、3級アミノ化合物1(17.12質量部、0.12モル)の代わりに、同じモル数の化合物J(14.18質量部、0.12モル)を加える以外は(工程1-1)~(工程1-9)と同じように行い、ポリウレタン化合物5を得る。
以下の(工程6-1)を経て得られるポリウレタン化合物6を分散剤6として用いた。
化合物K:トリメチロールプロパン
(工程6-1)前記(工程1-8)において、化合物Dを28.04質量部に増量し、化合物K(0.52質量部、0.004モル)を加え、前記(工程1-9)において、ポリエーテル化合物1を21.26質量部に増量した以外は、(工程1-1)~(工程1-9)と同じように行い、重量平均分子量(Mw)が23000で数平均分子量(Mn)が9200のポリウレタン化合物6を得る。
以下の組成で顔料、分散剤、分散助剤、溶剤を調合し、以下の方法でカーボンブラックインク1を調製した。
・顔料 SB350(デグサ社製カーボンブラック):100質量部
・分散剤 分散剤1:20質量部(固形分換算)
・分散助剤(顔料誘導体) S12000(ルーブリゾール社製、酸性基を有するフタロシアニン顔料誘導体):2質量部
・溶剤 プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート:226.6質量部
次に、ペイントシェーカーにより25~45℃の範囲で6時間分散処理を行い、分散液を得た。ビーズとしては、直径0.5mmのジルコニアビーズを用い、分散液60質量部とビーズ180質量部を加えた。分散終了後、フィルターによりビーズと分散液を分離して、固形分35質量%のカーボンブラックインク1を調製した。
カーボンブラックインク1の分散剤及び顔料の種類を、表2に記載の分散剤及び顔料に変更して、カーボンブラックインク1と同じ方法で撹拌、混合、ペイントシェーカーによる分散処理を行い、固形分35質量%のカーボンブラックインク2~14を調製した。
・SB350:デグサ社製カーボンブラック顔料 平均一次粒径:31nm
・MA77:三菱化学社製カーボンブラック顔料 平均一次粒径:23nm
・Disperbyk-161:ビックケミー社製分散剤 トルエンジイソシアネート多量体で形成されたポリウレタン骨格を骨格連結基で連結した構造を有する高分子量分散剤。塩基性官能基を有する。
・Disperbyk-167:ビックケミー社製分散剤 トルエンジイソシアネート多量体で形成されたポリウレタン骨格を骨格連結基で連結した構造を有する中~低分子量分散剤。塩基性官能基を有する。
・アジスパーPB-821:味の素ファインテクノ社製分散剤 ポリエチレンイミン又はポリエチレン/ポリアミン骨格を有する塩基性グラフトポリマー。
・フローレンKDG-2400:共栄社化学社製分散剤 塩基性官能基を有するポリアクリル系グラフトポリマー。
・HIPLAAD ED-701:楠本化成社製分散剤 ポリエチレンイミン又はポリエチレン/ポリアミン骨格を有する塩基性グラフトポリマー。
・Disperbyk-2000:ビックケミー社製分散剤 3級アミンの4級化アンモニウム塩変性アクリル系ブロック共重合体。
・Disperbyk-2001:ビックケミー社製分散剤 3級アミンの酸変性アクリル系ブロック共重合体。
アルカリ可溶性樹脂(1)の製造におけると同様にして、エポキシ化合物(エポキシ当量264)、アクリル酸、メトキシブチルアセテート、トリフェニルホスフィン、及びパラメトキシフェノールを反応させて、エポキシアクリレート溶液(2)を得た。
日本化薬(株)製「XD1000」(ジシクロペンタジエン・フェノール重合物のポリグリシジルエーテル、エポキシ当量252)300質量部、メタクリル酸104質量部、p-メトキシフェノール0.2質量部、トリフェニルホスフィン5質量部、及びプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート255質量部を反応容器に仕込み、100℃で酸価が3.0mg-KOH/gになるまで攪拌した。次いで更にテトラヒドロ無水フタル酸145質量部を添加し、120℃で4時間反応させ、固形分50質量%、酸価106mg-KOH/g、GPCで測定したポリスチレン換算の重量平均分子量(Mw)1580のアルカリ可溶性樹脂(3)を得た。
(ジケトン体)
エチルカルバゾール(5g、25.61mmol)とo-ナフトイルクロリド(5.13g、26.89mmol)を30mlのジクロロメタンに溶解し、氷水バスにて2℃に冷却して攪拌し、AlCl3(3.41g、25.61mmol)を添加した。さらに室温にて3時間攪拌後、反応液にクロトノイルクロリド(2.81g、26.89mmol)の15mlジクロロメタン溶液を加え、AlCl3(4.1g、30.73mmol)を添加し、さらに1時間30分攪拌した。反応液を氷水200mlにあけ、ジクロロメタン200mlを添加し有機層を分液した。回収した有機層を無水硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥後、減圧下濃縮し、白色固体(10g)のジケトン体を得た。
ジケトン体(3.00g、7.19mmol)、NH2OH・HCl(1.09g、15.81mmol)、及び酢酸ナトリウム(1.23g、15.08mmol)をイソプロパノール30mlに混合し、3時間還流した。反応終了後、反応液を濃縮し、得られた残渣に酢酸エチル30mlを加え、飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液30ml、飽和食塩水30mlで洗浄、無水硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥した。ろ過後、有機層を減圧下濃縮し、固体1.82gを得た。これをカラムクロマトグラフィーで精製し、淡黄色固体2.22gのオキシム体を得た。
オキシム体(2.22g、4.77mmol)とアセチルクロリド(1.34g、17.0mmol)をジクロロメタン20mlに加えて氷冷し、トリエチルアミン(1.77g、17.5mmol)を滴下して、そのまま1時間反応した。薄層クロマトグラフィーにより原料の消失を確認した後、水を加えて反応を停止した。反応液を飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液5mlで2回、飽和食塩水5mlで2回洗浄し、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥した。濾過後、有機層を減圧下濃縮し、得られた残渣をカラムクロマトグラフィー(酢酸エチル/ヘキサン=2/1)で精製して、0.79gの淡黄色固体の光重合開始剤(1)を得た。光重合開始剤(1)の1H-NMRの化学シフトを以下に示す。
(レジスト1(感光性樹脂組成物1)の調製)
先に調製したカーボンブラックインク1を用い、表3に記載の各成分が、表3に示す割合となるように調合し、スターラーにより攪拌、溶解させて、固形分濃度15質量%のレジスト1を調製した。
・PM21:メタクリロイル基含有ホスフェート(日本化薬社製、KAYAMER(登録商標) PM21、密着向上剤)。
・SH6040:エポキシシランカップリング剤(東レ株式会社製、SH6040、密着向上剤)
・F-559:界面活性剤(大日本インキ化学工業社製、F-559)
(レジスト2~16(感光性樹脂組成物2~16)の調製)
表4、5及び6に示すカーボンブラックインクを用い、レジスト1の各成分の種類を、表4、5及び6に記載の各成分に変更し、これらを表3に示す割合でとなるように調合し、レジスト1と同じ方法で、スターラーにより攪拌、溶解させて、それぞれ固形分濃度15質量%のレジスト2~16を調製した。ただし、レジスト15のIRG907及びDETX-Sの固形分濃度の合計は、レジスト1における光重合開始剤(1)の固形分濃度と同じになるように4:1の質量比率で混合して用いた。
・IRG907:イルガキュア907、チバ・スペシャリティ・ケミカルズ社製、2-メチル-1-[4-(メチルチオ)フェニル]-2-モルフォリノプロパン-1-オン。
・DETX-S:KAYACURE DETX-S、日本化薬(株)社製、2,4-ジメチルチオキサントン。レジスト15の固形分中に1.6質量%含有。
・光重合開始剤(2):OXE02、BASF社製。以下の化学構造を有する。
(1)カーボンブラックインクの粘度評価
調製したカーボンブラックインク1~14の粘度を粘度計(東機産業社製、RE105L)で測定した。いずれのカーボンブラックインクの粘度も10~20mPa・sの範囲であった。カーボンブラックインク調製直後(分散直後)と、室温で1週間静置した後のインクの粘度を測定し、以下基準で分類判定した。結果を表7に記載する。
◎:インク分散後、1週間室温に置いても増粘はほとんど無い。
○:インク分散後、1週間室温に置くと増粘はあるが、20mPa・s以内で安定する。
△:インク分散後、1週間室温に置くと増粘が続き、20mPa・sを超える。
×:インク分散直後から大きく増粘し、3日以内で20mPa・sを超える。
(1)レジスト(感光性樹脂組成物)の粘度評価
調製したレジスト1~15の粘度を粘度計(東機産業社製、RE105L)で測定した。いずれのレジストの粘度も2~5mPa・sの範囲であった。レジスト調製直後と、室温で1ヶ月静置した後のレジストの粘度を測定し、以下基準で分類判定した。結果を表7に記載する。
◎:レジスト調製後、1ヶ月室温に置いても増粘はほとんど無い。
○:レジスト調製後、1ヶ月室温に置くと増粘はあるが、増粘の程度は0.5mPa・s以内である。
△:レジスト調製後、1ヶ月室温に置くと増粘して、増粘の程度が0.5mPa・sを超える。
×:レジスト調製後、1週間室温に置くと増粘して、増粘の程度が0.5mPa・sを超える。
レジストの粘度は塗布時に大きく影響するため、インクに比べて上記のような厳しい基準にて評価を実施した。
調製したレジスト1~16をスピンコーターにてガラス基板に塗布し、減圧乾燥後、ホットプレートで100℃にて150秒間乾燥した。続いて、得られた乾燥塗布膜に対し、高圧水銀灯により30mJで、パターン幅6μm及び5μmの開口部を有する露光マスクを通してパターン露光を行った後、室温(23℃)下、超純水で0.04質量%に調製したKOH水溶液をアルカリ現像液として用いてスプレー現像して、未露光部を除去後、超純水でスプレー洗浄を行った。引き続き、230℃のオーブンにて30分間ポストベークを行い、膜厚約1μmのBMを作製した。
(2)で作製したBMの膜厚を段差測定装置Alpha-Step-500(KLA-Tencor社)で測定し、OD値を透過濃度測定装置GretagMacbeth D200-II(GretagMacbeth社製)で測定した。これより1μmあたりのOD値(単位OD値)を求めた。レジスト粘度評価結果が◎のもの及び○のものの単位OD値はいずれも4.2/μmであった。
6μm開口(幅が6μmの開口)を複数有する露光マスクを用い、現像時間を以下の条件に設定し、(2)と同じプロセスで塗布、露光、現像し、BM細線を作製した。以下、6μm開口を有する露光マスクを用いて作製したBM細線を、「6μm細線」と略記する。
前記(4)で作製したサンプルを光学顕微鏡で3か所、線幅を測定した。さらにその平均値を求めた。結果を表7に示す。
細線はアルカリ現像液、又はその後の水洗シャワー圧で不均一に浸食されたりすることでその直線性が悪くなる場合がある。光学顕微鏡観察で、基板上の3か所にある6μm細線の直線性を観察し、以下のように分類した。結果を表7に記載する。
◎:全ての6μm細線の直線性が非常に良好。
○:アルカリ現像液に浸食され始めの部分が見られるが、直線性の悪化は目立たない。
△:全体的に直線性の悪化が見られ、欠けなども部分的に見られる。
×:全体的に直線性が非常に悪く、欠けも多い。
作製した6μm細線の一部を3点切り出したその断面をSEM写真で観察した。断面観察により、基板と6μm細線パターンの接着面がアルカリ現像液に浸食されて、さし込みが入っていないかを観察し、以下の分類に従って評価した。結果を表7に記載する。
A:観察した3点ともさし込みが全くなく良好。
B:さし込みが全くなく良好な点と、さし込みまではしていないが密着面の浸食し始めが観察された点とが混在。
C:観察した3点とも、さし込みまではしていないが密着面の浸食し始めが観察される。
D:さし込みまではしていないが、密着面の浸食し始めが観察された点と、明らかにさし込みがみられた点とが混在。
E:観察した3点とも明らかに、さし込みが見られる。
F:明らかにさし込みが見られた点と、大きくさし込んでいる点とが混在。
G:観察した3点とも大きくさし込んでいる。
現像処理を行ったBM細線は、その後に赤、緑、青の感光性樹脂組成物を、さらに重ね塗りするために、高温で熱処理して硬化させておくことが必要である。そこで6μm細線を230℃で30分間熱処理した。熱処理することにより、まだ十分に硬化できていない感光性樹脂組成物の流動、又は残留溶媒の抜けなどにより、細線が熱変形して線幅が太くなる場合がある。
○:5.6~6.5μmの範囲内。
×:5.6~6.5μmの範囲外。
A:観察した3点とも0.1μm以下。
B:観察した3点が0.1μm以下のものと、0.1μmを超過し0.3μm以下のものとが混在。
C:観察した3点とも0.1μmを超過し、0.3μ以下。
D:観察した3点が、0.1μmを超過し0.3μm以下のものと、0.3μmを超過し0.4μm以下のものが混在。
E:観察した3点とも、0.3μmを超過し、0.4μm以下。
F:観察した3点が0.3μmを超過し0.4μm以下のものと、0.4μmを超過するものとが混在。
G:観察した3点とも0.4μmを超過する。
(テーパー角評価)
A:観察した3点とも73度以上。
B:73度以上の点と、63度以上73度未満の点とが混在。
C:観察した3点とも63度以上73度未満。
D:63度以上73度未満の点と、59度以上63度未満の点とが混在。
E:観察した3点とも59度以上63度未満。
F:59度以上63度未満の点と、59度未満の点とが混在。
G:観察した3点とも59度未満。
さらに、5μm開口を有する露光マスクを用いて作製したBM細線(5μm細線)についても、6μm細線と同様な評価方法及び評価分類にて評価を行った。結果を表8に示す。
(線幅評価(平均値))
○:4.6~5.5μmの範囲内。
×:4.6~5.5μmの範囲外。
20 画素
30 有機保護層
40 無機酸化膜
50 透明陽極
51 正孔注入層
52 正孔輸送層
53 発光層
54 電子注入層
55 陰極
100 有機EL素子
500 有機発光体
Claims (17)
- 前記ポリウレタン分散剤(b-1)が、前記親溶媒基を含む親溶媒基含有部分構造と、前記吸着基を含む吸着基含有部分構造とを含み、
該親溶媒基含有部分構造と該吸着基含有部分構造とが、前記式(i)で表される部分構造で連結されている請求項1に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。 - 前記ポリウレタン分散剤(b-1)が主鎖を有し、該主鎖が前記式(i)で表される部分構造を含む請求項1又は2に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
- 前記親溶媒基が、ポリエーテル鎖及びポリエステル鎖の少なくとも一方を含む請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
- 前記吸着基が、3級アミノ基、4級アンモニウム塩基、及び窒素原子含有複素環基からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種である請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
- 前記吸着基含有部分構造が、下記式(2-1)~(2-3)で表される少なくとも1種の部分構造を有する請求項2~6のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
Rγ、Rδ及びRεはそれぞれ独立に、置換基を有していてもよいアルキレン基、置換基を有していてもよいアリーレン基、又は前記アルキレン基と前記アリーレン基とを連結した基を表す。ただし、Rγが置換基を有していてもよいアルキレン基、又は前記アルキレン基と前記アリーレン基とを連結した基である場合、前記アルキレン基を構成するメチレン基の少なくとも一部が、エステル結合、エーテル結合、ウレタン結合、ウレア結合、アミド結合、イミド結合、チオウレタン結合、チオエーテル結合、及びチオエステル結合からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つの結合で置換されていてもよい。またRγは、-NH-(C=O)-基を介して、隣接する少なくともいずれか1つのN原子と共にウレア結合していてもよく、また、カルボニル基を介してアミド結合していてもよい。
*は結合手を表す。]
Rγ及びRηはそれぞれ独立に、置換基を有していてもよいアルキレン基、置換基を有していてもよいアリーレン基、又は前記アルキレン基と前記アリーレン基とを連結した基を表す。ただし、Rγ及びRηがそれぞれ独立に、置換基を有していてもよいアルキレン基、又は前記アルキレン基と前記アリーレン基とを連結した基である場合、前記アルキレン基を構成するメチレン基の少なくとも一部が、エステル結合、エーテル結合、ウレタン結合、ウレア結合、アミド結合、イミド結合、チオウレタン結合、チオエーテル結合、及びチオエステル結合からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つの結合で置換されていてもよい。またRγ及びRηは、-NH-(C=O)-基を介して、隣接する少なくともいずれか1つのN原子と共にウレア結合していてもよく、また、カルボニル基を介してアミド結合していてもよい。
*は結合手を表す。]
Rγ’及びRδはそれぞれ独立に、置換基を有していてもよいアルキレン基、置換基を有していてもよいアリーレン基、又は前記アルキレン基と前記アリーレン基とを連結した基を表す。ただし、Rγ’が置換基を有していてもよいアルキレン基、又は前記アルキレン基と前記アリーレン基とを連結した基である場合、前記アルキレン基を構成するメチレン基の少なくとも一部が、エステル結合、エーテル結合、ウレタン結合、ウレア結合、アミド結合、イミド結合、チオウレタン結合、チオエーテル結合、及びチオエステル結合からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つの結合で置換されていてもよい。またRγ’は、-NH-(C=O)-基を介して、隣接するN原子と共にウレア結合していてもよく、また、カルボニル基を介してアミド結合していてもよい。
Rε’は直接結合、置換基を有していてもよいアルキレン基、置換基を有していてもよいアリーレン基、又は前記アルキレン基と前記アリーレン基とを連結した基を表す。
Rζは水素原子、置換基を有していてもよいアルキル基又は置換基を有していてもよいアリール基を表す。ただし、Rζがアルキル基又はアリール基の場合、その水素原子の少なくとも1つが、3級アミノ基又は窒素原子含有複素環基で置換されていてもよい。
*は結合手を表す。] - オキシムエステル光重合開始剤(c-1)が、置換されていてもよいカルバゾール基を有する請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
- アルカリ可溶性樹脂(d)が、カルボキシル基及びエチレン性不飽和基の少なくとも一方を有するアルカリ可溶性樹脂(d-1)を含有する請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
- アルカリ可溶性樹脂(d-1)が、エポキシ(メタ)アクリレート樹脂である請求項9に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
- 前記エポキシ(メタ)アクリレート樹脂が、下記エポキシ(メタ)アクリレート樹脂(D1-1)及びエポキシ(メタ)アクリレート樹脂(D1-2)の少なくとも一方である請求項10に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
(1)エポキシ樹脂に、α,β-不飽和モノカルボン酸又はカルボキシル基を有するα,β-不飽和モノカルボン酸エステルを付加させ、さらに、多塩基酸及びその無水物の少なくとも一方を反応させることによって得られたエポキシ(メタ)アクリレート樹脂(D1-1)
(2)エポキシ樹脂に、α,β-不飽和モノカルボン酸又はカルボキシル基を有するα,β-不飽和モノカルボン酸エステルを付加させ、さらに、多価アルコールと、多塩基酸及びその無水物の少なくとも一方と反応させることによって得られたエポキシ(メタ)アクリレート樹脂(D1-2) - 色材(a)の平均一次粒径が20~100nmである請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
- 色材(a)がカーボンブラックを含む請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
- 前記カーボンブラックを、全固形分に対し40質量%以上含有する請求項13に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
- 請求項1~14のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物を硬化させてなる硬化物。
- 請求項15の硬化物を含むブラックマトリックス。
- 請求項16に記載のブラックマトリックスを備える画像表示装置。
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JP2019505012A (ja) * | 2016-01-18 | 2019-02-21 | ローム・アンド・ハース・エレクトロニック・マテリアルズ・コリア・リミテッド | 黒色感光性樹脂組成物及びそれから調製される黒色カラムスペーサ |
JP7079198B2 (ja) | 2016-01-18 | 2022-06-01 | ローム・アンド・ハース・エレクトロニック・マテリアルズ・コリア・リミテッド | 黒色感光性樹脂組成物及びそれから調製される黒色カラムスペーサ |
KR102674718B1 (ko) | 2016-01-18 | 2024-06-14 | 듀폰스페셜티머터리얼스코리아 유한회사 | 흑색 감광성 수지 조성물 및 이로부터 제조된 블랙 컬럼 스페이서 |
JP2017129740A (ja) * | 2016-01-20 | 2017-07-27 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | 感光性樹脂組成物、硬化物、ブラックマトリックス及び画像表示装置 |
CN109790390A (zh) * | 2016-09-27 | 2019-05-21 | 富士胶片株式会社 | 分散液、组合物、膜、膜的制造方法及分散剂 |
US10928726B2 (en) | 2016-09-27 | 2021-02-23 | Fujifilm Corporation | Dispersion liquid, composition, film, manufacturing method of film, and dispersant |
JP2018205605A (ja) * | 2017-06-07 | 2018-12-27 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | 着色感光性樹脂組成物、硬化物、有機電界発光素子、画像表示装置及び照明 |
WO2023068201A1 (ja) * | 2021-10-20 | 2023-04-27 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | 顔料分散液、感光性樹脂組成物、硬化物、ブラックマトリックス及び画像表示装置 |
WO2023176898A1 (ja) * | 2022-03-18 | 2023-09-21 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | 感光性樹脂組成物、硬化物、ブラックマトリックス及び画像表示装置 |
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JP6617703B2 (ja) | 2019-12-11 |
TW201606430A (zh) | 2016-02-16 |
TWI637237B (zh) | 2018-10-01 |
JPWO2016006669A1 (ja) | 2017-04-27 |
CN106489100A (zh) | 2017-03-08 |
KR20170031135A (ko) | 2017-03-20 |
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