WO2016002837A1 - 液晶表示素子及び液晶表示素子用シール剤 - Google Patents
液晶表示素子及び液晶表示素子用シール剤 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016002837A1 WO2016002837A1 PCT/JP2015/068978 JP2015068978W WO2016002837A1 WO 2016002837 A1 WO2016002837 A1 WO 2016002837A1 JP 2015068978 W JP2015068978 W JP 2015068978W WO 2016002837 A1 WO2016002837 A1 WO 2016002837A1
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- liquid crystal
- crystal display
- display element
- particles
- seal
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1339—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1341—Filling or closing of cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal display element capable of achieving both suppression of seal break and liquid crystal contamination and suppression of gap failure due to springback. Moreover, this invention relates to the sealing compound for liquid crystal display elements which can be used for manufacture of this liquid crystal display element.
- Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display element such as a liquid crystal display cell has been disclosed in, for example, Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 from the conventional vacuum injection method from the viewpoint of shortening tact time and optimizing the amount of liquid crystal used.
- a liquid crystal dropping method called a dripping method using such a photocurable resin, a photopolymerization initiator, a thermosetting resin, and a photothermal combined curing sealant containing a thermosetting agent has become the mainstream.
- a rectangular seal pattern is formed on one of two transparent substrates with electrodes by dispensing.
- a liquid crystal micro-droplet is dropped on the entire surface of the transparent substrate frame with the sealant being uncured, and the other transparent substrate is immediately overlaid, and the seal portion is irradiated with light such as ultraviolet rays to perform temporary curing.
- heating is performed at the time of liquid crystal annealing to perform main curing, and a liquid crystal display element is manufactured. If the substrates are bonded together under reduced pressure, a liquid crystal display element can be manufactured with extremely high efficiency.
- the present invention is a liquid crystal display element having a structure in which liquid crystal is sealed in a cell formed by sealing the periphery of two substrates with a linear seal portion containing particles, and the seal width of the seal portion is set to 100. %, The average particle diameter of the particles contained in the region from the center line of the seal part to the positions of 10% in both end directions is from the both ends of the seal part to the position of 10% in the center line direction, respectively.
- the liquid crystal display element is larger than the average particle size of the particles contained in the region.
- the present inventors In order to suppress the occurrence of seal breakage due to the liquid crystal being inserted into an uncured sealant and the occurrence of liquid crystal contamination due to the elution of the uncured sealant into the liquid crystal, the present inventors The inclusion of particles with a large particle size was studied. However, the inclusion of particles having a large particle size may cause gap defects due to springback in the liquid crystal display element. On the other hand, if the particle size of the particles to be included is reduced or the content of large particles is reduced to suppress gap failures due to springback, the effect of suppressing seal breaks and liquid crystal contamination is achieved. It was not fully demonstrated.
- the present inventors have determined the average particle diameter of the particles contained in the region from the center line of the seal portion of the liquid crystal display element to 10% in both end directions, from the both ends of the seal portion to the center line.
- a liquid crystal display element capable of achieving both seal break and liquid crystal contamination suppression and spring back suppression by making the particle size larger than the average particle diameter of the particles contained in the region up to 10% in the direction. It has been found that it can be obtained, and the present invention has been completed.
- the liquid crystal display element of the present invention has a structure in which liquid crystal is sealed in a cell formed by sealing the periphery of two substrates with a linear seal portion containing particles, and the seal width of the seal portion is 100%.
- the average particle diameter of the particles contained in the region from the center line of the seal part to the positions of 10% in the both end directions is the region from the both ends of the seal part to the position of 10% in the center line direction, respectively. It is larger than the average particle size of the particles contained in.
- Particles having an average particle diameter of particles contained in a region from the center line of the seal part to 10% each in both end directions are particles contained in a region from each end of the seal part to 10% position in the center line direction
- the average particle diameter of the particles contained in the regions from the center line of the seal part to the positions of 10% in the both end directions is the particles contained in the areas from the both ends of the seal part to the position of 10% in the center line direction. It is preferably 1.3 times or more larger than the average particle diameter, and more preferably 1.5 times or more larger.
- the “average particle diameter” means an average value of the particle diameters of 100 particles included in a target region in an observation image observed from a direction perpendicular to the display surface.
- the average particle diameter means the average particle diameter of the particles in a distorted state, and the diameter described later is Means the maximum particle size of the particles in a distorted state.
- the average particle diameter of the particles contained in the region from the center line of the seal portion to 10% in both end directions is larger than the cell gap of the liquid crystal display element. Larger is preferred.
- the preferable lower limit of the average particle diameter of the particles contained in the region from the center line of the seal portion to the positions of 10% in the both end directions is 3 ⁇ m, and the preferable upper limit is 50 ⁇ m, from both ends of the seal portion.
- the preferable lower limit of the average particle diameter of the particles contained in the region up to 10% in the center line direction is 0.5 ⁇ m, and the preferable upper limit is 7 ⁇ m.
- the more preferable lower limit of the average particle diameter of the particles contained in the region from the center line of the seal part to the positions of 10% in the both end directions is 5 ⁇ m, and the more preferable upper limit is 30 ⁇ m.
- a more preferable lower limit of the average particle diameter of the particles contained in the region up to 10% of each is 1 ⁇ m.
- the preferable lower limit of the difference from the average particle diameter is 5 ⁇ m, and the preferable upper limit is 40 ⁇ m.
- the more preferable lower limit of the difference from the average particle diameter is 6 ⁇ m, and the more preferable upper limit is 30 ⁇ m.
- the particles included in the region from the center line of the seal part to the positions of 10% in both end directions have a continuous arrangement structure, and a continuous arrangement structure along the application direction of the sealant. More preferably.
- the ratio of the continuous arrangement structure along the application direction of the sealing agent is preferably 70% or more, more preferably 80% or more, and more preferably 95% or more with respect to the total circumferential distance of the sealing agent. More preferably.
- the “continuous arrangement structure” means a structure that exists in a state where particles are in contact with each other and are linearly connected.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an example of a seal portion when observed from a direction perpendicular to the display surface in the liquid crystal display element of the present invention.
- many particles 4 having a large particle diameter are present in the region 2 from the center line 6 of the line constituting the seal portion 1 to the position of 10% in both end directions, and from both ends of the line constituting the seal portion 1.
- the particles 4 having a large particle diameter do not exist, and only the particles 5 having a small particle diameter exist.
- the particles 4 having large particle diameters are present in a high density in the region 2 from the center line 6 of the line constituting the seal portion 1 to the positions of 10% in both end directions. It is suppressed. Further, compared to the case where the particles 4 having a large particle diameter are present in the entire seal portion 1, even if the amount of the particles 4 having a large particle diameter is reduced, seal breakage and liquid crystal contamination can be sufficiently suppressed, so that it is difficult to cause springback. It will be a thing.
- the preferable lower limit of the seal width of the seal portion after bonding the two substrates is 400 ⁇ m, and the preferable upper limit is 1000 ⁇ m.
- the seal width of the seal portion is 500 ⁇ m, and a more preferable upper limit is 800 ⁇ m.
- the number of particles having a diameter of 10 ⁇ m or more contained in a region of 100 ⁇ m ⁇ 100 ⁇ m at the center of the line constituting the seal part is 7 or more, and the end of the line constituting the seal part
- the number of particles having a diameter of 10 ⁇ m or more contained in a 100 ⁇ m ⁇ 100 ⁇ m region of the part is preferably 3 or less.
- the number of particles having a diameter of 10 ⁇ m or more contained in a region of 100 ⁇ m ⁇ 100 ⁇ m in the central portion of the line constituting the seal portion is 7 or more, and in the region of 100 ⁇ m ⁇ 100 ⁇ m at the end portion of the line constituting the seal portion.
- the number of particles having a diameter of 10 ⁇ m or more is 3 or less, the effect of satisfying both the suppression of seal break and liquid crystal contamination and the suppression of gap failure is excellent. More preferably, the number of particles having a diameter of 10 ⁇ m or more contained in a region of 100 ⁇ m ⁇ 100 ⁇ m in the central portion of the line constituting the seal portion is 10 or more. More preferably, the number of particles having a diameter of 10 ⁇ m or more included in a region of 100 ⁇ m ⁇ 100 ⁇ m at the end of the line constituting the seal portion is 1 or less.
- the “100 ⁇ m ⁇ 100 ⁇ m region at the center of the line constituting the seal portion” specifically refers to the seal image in the observation image observed from the direction perpendicular to the display surface.
- Auxiliary lines are drawn at intervals of 100 ⁇ m in the longitudinal direction of the line and in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction at the center of the line constituting the part, and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of two auxiliary lines adjacent in the longitudinal direction of the line It means a region surrounded by two auxiliary lines adjacent in the direction.
- the “100 ⁇ m ⁇ 100 ⁇ m region at the end of the line constituting the seal part” specifically refers to a line constituting the seal part in an observation image observed from a direction perpendicular to the display surface.
- An auxiliary line is drawn at an interval of 100 ⁇ m in the longitudinal direction of the line and in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, and two adjacent auxiliary lines in the longitudinal direction of the line are adjacent to each other in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. It means a region surrounded by a book auxiliary line.
- the above “the number of particles having a diameter of 10 ⁇ m or more contained in the region of 100 ⁇ m ⁇ 100 ⁇ m in the central part of the line constituting the seal part is 7 or more” does not necessarily mean that all the central part of the line constituting the seal part is 100 ⁇ m ⁇ 100 ⁇ m. This does not mean that the number of particles having a diameter of 10 ⁇ m or more included in the region is 7 or more, and the density of particles having a diameter of 10 ⁇ m or more in the entire central portion of the line constituting the seal portion is 7/1. If it is 10,000 ⁇ m 2 or more, a region of 100 ⁇ m ⁇ 100 ⁇ m in which the number of particles having a diameter of 10 ⁇ m or more is less than 7 may be very small.
- the number of particles having a diameter of 10 ⁇ m or more contained in a region of 100 ⁇ m ⁇ 100 ⁇ m of the end portion of the line constituting the seal portion is three or less” means that the diameter of the entire end portion of the line constituting the seal portion is If the density of particles having a diameter of 10 ⁇ m or more is 3 / 10,000 ⁇ m 2 or less, a region of 100 ⁇ m ⁇ 100 ⁇ m in which the number of particles having a diameter of 10 ⁇ m or more exceeds 3 may be very small.
- the number of particles having a diameter of 20 ⁇ m or more contained in a region of 100 ⁇ m ⁇ 100 ⁇ m in the central portion of the line constituting the seal portion is preferably 2 or more, and 3 or more. More preferably.
- the average particle diameter of the particles contained in the region from the center line of the seal part to the positions of 10% in the both end directions is the particle diameter contained in the region from the both ends of the seal part to the position of 10% in the center line direction.
- Examples of the method of increasing the average particle diameter of the liquid crystal display element include, for example, a method of increasing the height immediately after application of the liquid crystal display element sealing agent described later, or the liquid crystal on one substrate.
- a method of increasing the bonding speed when the other substrate is bonded after applying the sealant for display element, and a sealant for liquid crystal display element containing large particles and a seal for liquid crystal display element containing small particles For example, a method of coating the agent separately.
- the height immediately after application is preferably 0.1 times or more, more preferably 0.15 times or more the seal width of the seal portion. More preferably.
- the height immediately after the application is substantially 0.3 times or less of the seal width.
- the height immediately after the application is specifically preferably 20 ⁇ m or more, and more preferably 25 ⁇ m or more.
- the height immediately after the application is substantially 50 ⁇ m or less.
- Examples of the method for increasing the bonding speed include a method of increasing the substrate bonding pressure to shorten the time required to obtain the target cell gap.
- the substrate bonding pressure is preferably 50 kgf / cm 2 or more, and more preferably 60 kgf / cm 2 or more.
- the substrate bonding pressure is substantially 70 kgf / cm 2 or more.
- a sealing agent for liquid crystal display elements containing large particles is arranged at the center of the coated portion. And a method of configuring the coating apparatus so that a sealing agent for liquid crystal display elements containing small particles is disposed on the outside thereof.
- the seal portion has an edge line (in the end portion in contact with the liquid crystal) when the linear distance in the application direction of the sealant for the liquid crystal display element forming the seal portion is 1.
- the distance of the boundary line with the liquid crystal is preferably 1.5 or less.
- the distance of the edge line in contact with the liquid crystal is not more than 1.5 times the linear distance in the coating direction of the sealant for the liquid crystal display element that forms the seal part, so that the insertion of the liquid crystal is sufficiently prevented It can be said that.
- the distance between the edge lines in contact with the liquid crystal can be derived by image processing of an observation image observed from a direction perpendicular to the display surface described above.
- sealing agent for a liquid crystal display element that forms the seal part of the liquid crystal display element of the present invention there is a sealing agent for a liquid crystal display element containing particles having an average particle diameter of 6 ⁇ m or more and particles having an average particle diameter of 3 ⁇ m or less.
- a sealing agent for a liquid crystal display element used for production of the liquid crystal display element of the present invention which contains particles having an average particle diameter of 6 ⁇ m or more and particles having an average particle diameter of 3 ⁇ m or less, It is one of the present inventions.
- the particles having an average particle diameter of 6 ⁇ m or more preferably have an average particle diameter of 7 ⁇ m or more, and more preferably 8 ⁇ m or more. From the viewpoint of maintaining the gap of the obtained liquid crystal display element, the average particle diameter of the particles having the average particle diameter of 8 ⁇ m or more is preferably 13 ⁇ m or less.
- the particles having an average particle diameter of 3 ⁇ m or less preferably have an average particle diameter of 2 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 1.5 ⁇ m or less.
- liquid crystal display element sealant of the present invention a liquid crystal display element sealant containing a curable resin, a polymerization initiator and / or a thermosetting agent, and flexible particles is preferably used.
- the particles having an average particle diameter of 6 ⁇ m or more are preferably the soft particles.
- the particles having an average particle diameter of 3 ⁇ m or more may be the flexible particles or particles other than the flexible particles.
- the above-mentioned flexible particles serve as a barrier between other sealing agent components and liquid crystal when manufacturing liquid crystal display elements, and prevent the sealing agent from eluting into the liquid crystal or liquid crystal from being inserted into the sealing agent. Have a role to play.
- the flexible particles include butadiene rubber particles, urethane particles, (meth) acrylic particles, fluorine particles, chloroprene particles, nitrile particles, and silicone rubber particles.
- (meth) acrylic particles are preferable because the compression ratio and breaking load can be controlled by the monomer to be selected.
- the (meth) acrylic particles can be obtained by polymerizing monomers as raw materials by a known method. Specifically, for example, a method in which a monomer is suspension-polymerized in the presence of a radical polymerization initiator, and a seed particle is swollen by absorbing the monomer into a non-crosslinked seed particle in the presence of a radical polymerization initiator. And a seed polymerization method.
- the particles other than the soft particles may be inorganic particles or organic particles.
- the viscosity is improved, the adhesion is improved by the stress dispersion effect, the linear expansion coefficient is improved, and the moisture resistance of the cured product is increased.
- examples thereof include fillers blended for the purpose of improving properties.
- filler talc, asbestos, silica, diatomaceous earth, smectite, bentonite, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, alumina, montmorillonite, zinc oxide, iron oxide, magnesium oxide, tin oxide, titanium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide
- Inorganic fillers such as glass beads, silicon nitride, barium sulfate, gypsum, calcium silicate, sericite, activated clay, and aluminum nitride, and organic fillers such as polyester fine particles and vinyl polymer fine particles other than the above flexible particles, etc. Is mentioned. Of these, inorganic fillers are preferred.
- the curable resin preferably contains a (meth) acrylic resin. Since the liquid crystal display element sealing agent can be quickly cured, it preferably contains a (meth) acrylic resin as a curable resin and a radical polymerization initiator described later as a polymerization initiator, Since it becomes possible to quickly cure the sealant for liquid crystal display elements only by heating, and even a liquid crystal display element with a narrow frame design can sufficiently suppress the occurrence of liquid crystal contamination, (meth) acrylic resin And a thermal radical polymerization initiator described later are more preferable. Especially, it is more preferable that the said curable resin contains an epoxy (meth) acrylate.
- the “(meth) acrylic” means acryl or methacryl
- the “(meth) acrylic resin” means a resin having a (meth) acryloyl group.
- the term “(meth) acryloyl group” means an acryloyl group or a methacryloyl group.
- the “(meth) acrylate” means acrylate or methacrylate
- the “epoxy (meth) acrylate” is a compound obtained by reacting all epoxy groups in the epoxy resin with (meth) acrylic acid. Means that.
- Examples of the epoxy resin used as a raw material for synthesizing the epoxy (meth) acrylate include, for example, bisphenol A type epoxy resin, bisphenol F type epoxy resin, bisphenol S type epoxy resin, and 2,2′-diallyl bisphenol A type epoxy resin.
- Hydrogenated bisphenol type epoxy resin propylene oxide added bisphenol A type epoxy resin, resorcinol type epoxy resin, biphenyl type epoxy resin, sulfide type epoxy resin, diphenyl ether type epoxy resin, dicyclopentadiene type epoxy resin, naphthalene type epoxy resin, phenol Novolac epoxy resin, ortho-cresol novolac epoxy resin, dicyclopentadiene novolac epoxy resin, biphenyl novolac epoxy resin, naphtha Emissions phenol novolak type epoxy resin, glycidyl amine type epoxy resin, alkyl polyol type epoxy resin, rubber-modified epoxy resins, glycidyl ester compounds.
- Examples of other (meth) acrylic resins other than the epoxy (meth) acrylate include ester compounds obtained by reacting a compound having a hydroxyl group with (meth) acrylic acid, and (meth) acrylic acid having a hydroxyl group in isocyanate. Examples thereof include urethane (meth) acrylate obtained by reacting a derivative.
- the (meth) acrylic resin preferably has a hydrogen-bonding unit such as —OH group, —NH— group, —NH 2 group, etc. from the viewpoint of suppressing adverse effects on the liquid crystal.
- the (meth) acrylic resin preferably has 2 to 3 (meth) acryloyl groups in the molecule because of its high reactivity.
- the said curable resin may contain an epoxy resin for the purpose of improving the adhesiveness of the sealing agent for liquid crystal display elements obtained.
- said epoxy resin the epoxy resin used as the raw material for synthesize
- the “partially (meth) acryl-modified epoxy resin” means a resin having one or more epoxy groups and (meth) acryloyl groups in one molecule, for example, two or more It can be obtained by reacting a part of the epoxy group having an epoxy group with (meth) acrylic acid.
- Examples of the polymerization initiator include radical polymerization initiators and cationic polymerization initiators. Among these, a radical polymerization initiator is preferable, and a polymer azo initiator composed of a polymer azo compound is more preferable.
- thermosetting agent examples include organic acid hydrazides, imidazole derivatives, amine compounds, polyhydric phenol compounds, acid anhydrides, and the like. Among these, solid organic acid hydrazide is preferably used.
- the said sealing agent for liquid crystal display elements contains a hardening accelerator.
- the sealing agent can be sufficiently cured without heating at a high temperature.
- the said sealing agent for liquid crystal display elements contains a silane coupling agent.
- the silane coupling agent mainly has a role as an adhesion assistant for favorably bonding the sealing agent and the substrate.
- a method for producing the sealing agent for liquid crystal display elements of the present invention for example, using a mixer such as a homodisper, a homomixer, a universal mixer, a planetary mixer, a kneader, a three roll, a curable resin, and a polymerization
- a mixer such as a homodisper, a homomixer, a universal mixer, a planetary mixer, a kneader, a three roll, a curable resin, and a polymerization
- the sealing agent for liquid crystal display elements of the present invention has a preferred lower limit of viscosity of 200,000 mPa ⁇ s and a preferred upper limit of 500,000 mPa ⁇ s measured using an E-type viscometer at 25 ° C. and 1 rpm. When the viscosity is within this range, the effect of achieving both the prevention of seal break and liquid crystal contamination and the suppression of springback can be achieved without impairing the coating property.
- a more preferable lower limit of the viscosity is 250,000 mPa ⁇ s, and a more preferable upper limit is 400,000 mPa ⁇ s.
- E-type viscometer “DV-III” manufactured by Brookfield, etc. can be used.
- the preferable lower limit of the thixotropic index is 1.0 and the preferable upper limit is 2.0.
- the more preferable lower limit of the thixotropic index is 1.1, and the more preferable upper limit is 1.8.
- the “thixotropic index” is a viscosity measured at 25 ° C. and 0.5 rpm using an E-type viscometer, and measured at 25 ° C. and 5 rpm using an E-type viscometer. It means a value obtained by dividing by the viscosity.
- a liquid crystal display element sealant is screen printed on one of two transparent substrates such as a glass substrate with electrodes such as an ITO thin film or a polyethylene terephthalate substrate, a dispenser A process of forming a rectangular seal pattern by coating, etc., a process of applying a liquid crystal microdrop on the entire surface of a transparent substrate with the liquid crystal display element sealant being uncured, and immediately overlaying another substrate And the method etc. which have the process of heating and hardening the sealing compound for liquid crystal display elements are mentioned.
- irradiating light such as an ultraviolet-ray
- the width is reduced and the thickness is increased (the height immediately after application). (High). Therefore, dispenser application is preferred as a method for applying the sealant.
- the liquid crystal display element which can make compatible suppression of a seal break and liquid crystal contamination, and suppression of the gap defect by springback can be provided.
- the sealing compound for liquid crystal display elements which can be used for manufacture of this liquid crystal display element can be provided.
- Example 1 Manufacture of sealing agent 1 for liquid crystal display elements
- a curable resin 70 parts by weight of a bisphenol A type epoxy acrylate (manufactured by Daicel Ornex, "EBECRYL3700”) and 30 parts by weight of a bisphenol F type epoxy resin (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, "jER806”), as a thermal radical polymerization initiator 7 parts by weight of a polymeric azo initiator (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, “VPE-0201”), 8 parts by weight of sebacic acid dihydrazide (manufactured by Otsuka Chemical, “SDH”) as a thermosetting agent, and 25 as flexible particles 10 parts by weight of flexible particles A, 10 parts by weight of silica (manufactured by Admatechs, “Admafine SO-C2”, average particle size 0.5 ⁇ m), and 3-glycidoxypropyltri as a silane coupling agent 1 part by weight of methoxys
- the obtained sealing agent 1 for liquid crystal display elements was measured using an E-type viscometer (“DV-III” manufactured by Brookfield), and the viscosity at 25 ° C. and 1 rpm was 260,000 mPa ⁇ s. It was. Similarly, the viscosity at 25 ° C. and 0.5 rpm and the viscosity at 25 ° C. and 5 rpm are measured, and the viscosity measured at 25 ° C. and 0.5 rpm is measured at 25 ° C. and 5 rpm.
- the thixotropic index of the sealing agent 1 for liquid crystal display elements derived by dividing by the measured viscosity was 1.3.
- Example 2 Manufacture of sealing agent 2 for liquid crystal display elements
- a curable resin 70 parts by weight of a bisphenol A type epoxy acrylate (manufactured by Daicel Ornex, "EBECRYL3700”) and 30 parts by weight of a bisphenol F type epoxy resin (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, "jER806”), as a thermal radical polymerization initiator 7 parts by weight of a polymeric azo initiator (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, “VPE-0201”), 8 parts by weight of sebacic acid dihydrazide (manufactured by Otsuka Chemical Co., “SDH”) as thermal curing agent, and 20 as flexible particles 10 parts by weight of soft particles A and 5 parts by weight of soft particles A, 10 parts by weight of silica (Admafinex, “Admafine SO-C2”, average particle size 0.5 ⁇ m) as a filler, and a silane coupling agent 1 part by weight of 3-g
- the resulting sealant is filled into a dispensing syringe (Musashi Engineering, PSY-10E), defoamed, and dispenser (Musashi Engineering, The sealant is applied to the transparent electrode substrate with ITO thin film by drawing it into a rectangular electrode frame with SHOTMASTER300 ”), and the seal width and coating height immediately after application are measured with an inspection device (manufactured by KEYENCE,“ LT-9011M ”). It was measured.
- the liquid crystal display element sealant obtained in Example 1 was applied such that the seal width of the seal portion was about 210 ⁇ m and the coating height was about 25 ⁇ m, and the liquid crystal display element sealant obtained in Example 2 was applied.
- the liquid crystal display element sealant obtained in Comparative Example 1 is applied with a seal width of about 210 ⁇ m, The coating height was about 25 ⁇ m.
- fine droplets of TN liquid crystal manufactured by Chisso Corporation, “JC-5001LA”
- JC-5001LA fine droplets of TN liquid crystal
- the cell after bonding was heated at 120 ° C. for 1 hour to thermally cure the sealing agent, and a liquid crystal display element (cell gap 5 ⁇ m) was obtained.
- the obtained liquid crystal display element was observed from a direction perpendicular to the display surface using a microscope. Observation images obtained by observing the liquid crystal display elements obtained in Example 1, Example 2, and Comparative Example 1 from the direction perpendicular to the display surface are shown in FIGS.
- the average particle diameter of the particles contained in the region from the center line of the seal portion to the positions of 10% in both end directions is 14.7 ⁇ m in Example 1, 12.3 ⁇ m in Example 2, and Comparative Example 1 Then, it was 7.2 ⁇ m.
- the average particle diameter of the particles contained in the region from the both ends of the seal portion to the position of 10% in the center line direction is 7.1 ⁇ m in Example 1 and 6.9 ⁇ m in Example 2, and the comparison In Example 1, it was 7.0 ⁇ m.
- Example 1 when the number of particles having a diameter of 10 ⁇ m or more included in the region of 100 ⁇ m ⁇ 100 ⁇ m in the central portion of the line and the number of particles having a diameter of 10 ⁇ m or more included in the region of 100 ⁇ m ⁇ 100 ⁇ m at the end of the line were measured,
- the central part is 18.5 and the end part is 0.83.
- the central part is 12 parts and the end part is 0.67.
- Comparative Example 1 the central part is 5 parts and the end part is 0. .83.
- Example 2 In the measurement of the number of particles having a diameter of 10 ⁇ m or more, six areas were selected at random, and the average of the number of particles having a diameter of 10 ⁇ m or more contained in the six points area was taken as the measurement number.
- the linear distance in the application direction of the sealant for the liquid crystal display element forming the seal portion is 1, the distance of the edge line in contact with the liquid crystal is 1.1 in Example 1. In Example 2, it was 1.3, and in Comparative Example 1, it was 2.
- the liquid crystal display element which can make compatible suppression of a seal break and liquid crystal contamination, and suppression of the gap defect by springback can be provided.
- the sealing compound for liquid crystal display elements which can be used for manufacture of this liquid crystal display element can be provided.
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Abstract
Description
しかしながら、滴下工法で狭額縁設計の液晶表示素子を製造すると、ブラックマトリックスによりシール部に光の当たらない箇所が存在するため、充分に光照射されず硬化が進行しない光硬化性樹脂の部分が生じ、未硬化のシール剤が液晶と接するため、液晶がシール剤に差し込み、シールブレイクが発生して液晶が漏れ出してしまうことや、シール剤が液晶に溶出することにより、液晶が汚染されることがあるという問題があった。
以下に本発明を詳述する。
そこで本発明者らは、鋭意検討した結果、液晶表示素子のシール部の中心線から両端方向へそれぞれ10%の位置までの領域に含まれる粒子の平均粒子径を、シール部の両端から中心線方向へそれぞれ10%の位置までの領域に含まれる粒子の平均粒子径よりも大きいものとなるようにすることにより、シールブレイクや液晶汚染の抑制とスプリングバックの抑制とを両立できる液晶表示素子を得ることができることを見出し、本発明を完成させるに至った。
なお、本明細書において上記「平均粒子径」は、表示面に対して垂直方向から観察した観察像において、目的の領域に含まれる100個の粒子の粒子径の平均値を意味する。
液晶表示素子作製時の基板貼り合わせ工程で圧縮されたこと等により粒子に歪みが生じている場合、上記平均粒子径は、歪んだ状態での粒子の平均粒子径を意味し、後述する直径は、歪んだ状態での粒子の最大粒子径を意味する。
具体的には、上記シール部の中心線から両端方向へそれぞれ10%の位置までの領域に含まれる粒子の平均粒子径の好ましい下限は3μm、好ましい上限は50μmであり、上記シール部の両端から中心線方向へそれぞれ10%の位置までの領域に含まれる粒子の平均粒子径の好ましい下限は0.5μm、好ましい上限は7μmである。上記シール部の中心線から両端方向へそれぞれ10%の位置までの領域に含まれる粒子の平均粒子径及び上記シール部の両端から中心線方向へそれぞれ10%の位置までの領域に含まれる粒子の平均粒子径がそれぞれこの範囲であることにより、シール部を形成する液晶表示素子用シール剤の塗布性等に悪影響を及ぼすことなく、シールブレイクや液晶汚染の抑制と、スプリングバックの抑制とを両立する効果により優れるものとなる。上記シール部の中心線から両端方向へそれぞれ10%の位置までの領域に含まれる粒子の平均粒子径のより好ましい下限は5μm、より好ましい上限は30μmであり、上記シール部の両端から中心線方向へそれぞれ10%の位置までの領域に含まれる粒子の平均粒子径のより好ましい下限は1μmである。
なお、本明細書において上記「連続配置構造」とは、粒子同士が接触して線状に連なった状態で存在する構造を意味する。
このように、シール部1を構成する線の中心線6から両端方向へそれぞれ10%の位置までの領域2に粒子径の大きい粒子4が高密度に存在することにより、シールブレイクが効果的に抑制される。また、粒子径の大きい粒子4をシール部1全体に存在させる場合に比べ、粒子径の大きい粒子4の量を少なくしてもシールブレイクや液晶汚染を充分に抑制できるため、スプリングバックを引き起こし難いものとなる。
なお、本明細書において、上記「シール部を構成する線の中央部の100μm×100μmの領域」とは、具体的には、表示面に対して垂直方向から観察した際の観察像において、シール部を構成する線の中央部に、線の長手方向及び長手方向に垂直な方向にそれぞれ100μmの間隔で補助線を引き、線の長手方向で隣り合う2本の補助線と長手方向に垂直な方向で隣り合う2本の補助線とで囲まれた領域を意味する。
また、上記「シール部を構成する線の端部の100μm×100μmの領域」とは、具体的には、表示面に対して垂直方向から観察した際の観察像において、シール部を構成する線の端部に、線の長手方向及び長手方向に垂直な方向にそれぞれ100μmの間隔で補助線を引き、線の長手方向で隣り合う2本の補助線と長手方向に垂直な方向で隣り合う2本の補助線とで囲まれた領域を意味する。
同様に、上記「シール部を構成する線の端部の100μm×100μmの領域に含まれる直径10μm以上の粒子の個数が3個以下」は、上記シール部を構成する線の端部全体における直径10μm以上の粒子の密度が3個/1万μm2以下であれば、直径10μm以上の粒子の個数が3個を超える100μm×100μmの領域が極僅かにあってもよい。
また、本発明の液晶表示素子は、上記シール部を構成する線の中央部の100μm×100μmの領域に含まれる直径20μm以上の粒子の個数が2個以上であることが好ましく、3個以上であることがより好ましい。
また、上記塗布直後の高さは、具体的には、20μm以上であることが好ましく、25μm以上であることがより好ましい。上記塗布直後の高さは、実質的には50μm以下となる。
上記基板貼り合わせ圧力を大きくして上記貼り合わせ速度を速くする場合、基板貼り合わせ圧力は50kgf/cm2以上であることが好ましく、60kgf/cm2以上であることがより好ましい。上記基板貼り合わせ圧力は、実質的には70kgf/cm2以上となる。
そのため、本発明の液晶表示素子において、上記シール部は、シール部を形成する液晶表示素子用シール剤の塗布方向の直線距離を1とした時、液晶と接触している端部の縁線(液晶との境界線)の距離が1.5以下であることが好ましい。液晶と接触している端部の縁線の距離が、シール部を形成する液晶表示素子用シール剤の塗布方向の直線距離の1.5倍以下であることにより、充分に液晶の差し込みが防止されているものといえる。
なお、上記液晶と接触している端部の縁線の距離は、上述した表示面に対して垂直方向から観察した際の観察像を画像処理することにより導出することができる。
上記平均粒子径が3μm以下の粒子は、平均粒子径が2μm以下であることが好ましく、1.5μm以下であることがより好ましい。
上記充填剤としては、タルク、石綿、シリカ、珪藻土、スメクタイト、ベントナイト、炭酸カルシウム、炭酸マグネシウム、アルミナ、モンモリロナイト、酸化亜鉛、酸化鉄、酸化マグネシウム、酸化錫、酸化チタン、水酸化マグネシウム、水酸化アルミニウム、ガラスビーズ、窒化珪素、硫酸バリウム、石膏、珪酸カルシウム、セリサイト、活性白土、窒化アルミニウム等の無機充填剤や、ポリエステル微粒子、ビニル重合体微粒子等の有機充填剤で上記柔軟粒子以外のもの等が挙げられる。なかでも、無機充填剤が好ましい。
上記液晶表示素子用シール剤は、速やかに硬化させることができるため、硬化性樹脂として(メタ)アクリル樹脂を含有し、かつ、重合開始剤として後述するラジカル重合開始剤を含有することが好ましく、加熱のみで液晶表示素子用シール剤を速やかに硬化させることが可能となり、狭額縁設計の液晶表示素子であっても、液晶汚染の発生を充分に抑制することができるため、(メタ)アクリル樹脂と後述する熱ラジカル重合開始剤とを含有することがより好ましい。なかでも、上記硬化性樹脂は、エポキシ(メタ)アクリレートを含有することがより好ましい。
なお、本明細書において、上記「(メタ)アクリル」とは、アクリル又はメタクリルを意味し、上記「(メタ)アクリル樹脂」とは、(メタ)アクリロイル基を有する樹脂を意味し、上記「(メタ)アクリロイル基」とは、アクリロイル基又はメタクリロイル基を意味する。また、上記「(メタ)アクリレート」とは、アクリレート又はメタクリレートを意味し、上記「エポキシ(メタ)アクリレート」とは、エポキシ樹脂中の全てのエポキシ基を(メタ)アクリル酸と反応させた化合物のことを意味する。
また、上記(メタ)アクリル樹脂は、反応性の高さから分子中に(メタ)アクリロイル基を2~3個有するものが好ましい。
上記エポキシ樹脂としては、例えば、上記エポキシ(メタ)アクリレートを合成するための原料となるエポキシ樹脂や、部分(メタ)アクリル変性エポキシ樹脂等が挙げられる。
なお、本明細書において上記「部分(メタ)アクリル変性エポキシ樹脂」とは、1分子中にエポキシ基と(メタ)アクリロイル基とをそれぞれ1つ以上有する樹脂を意味し、例えば、2つ以上のエポキシ基を有する樹脂の一部分のエポキシ基を(メタ)アクリル酸と反応させることによって得ることができる。
上記E型粘度計としては、ブルックフィールド社製の「DV-III」等を用いることができる。
なお、本明細書において上記「チクソトロピックインデックス」は、E型粘度計を用いて25℃、0.5rpmの条件で測定した粘度を、E型粘度計を用いて25℃、5rpmの条件で測定した粘度で除して求められる値を意味する。
上述したように、仕上がり後にシール部を構成する線の中央部に粒子径の大きい粒子を寄せ集めるために、上記シールパターンを形成する工程では、幅を狭くかつ厚みを厚く(塗布直後の高さを高く)塗布することが好ましい。そのため、シール剤の塗布方法としてはディスペンサー塗布が好ましい。
ポリテトラメチレングリコールジアクリレート750gと、スチレン250gと、過酸化ベンゾイル40gとを混合し、均一に溶解させ、モノマー混合液を得た。得られたモノマー混合液をポリビニルアルコール1重量%水溶液の入った反応釜に投入し、2~4時間撹拌することで、モノマーの液滴が所定の粒子径になるよう、粒子径調整を行った。次いで、85℃の窒素雰囲気下で9時間反応を行い、柔軟粒子Aを得た。得られた粒子を熱水にて数回洗浄した。得られた柔軟粒子Aの平均粒子径は11.8μmであった。
また、柔軟粒子Aを篩により分級することにより、柔軟粒子Bを得た。得られた柔軟粒子Bの平均粒子径は7.2μmであった。
(液晶表示素子用シール剤1の製造)
硬化性樹脂としてビスフェノールA型エポキシアクリレート(ダイセル・オルネクス社製、「EBECRYL3700」)70重量部及びビスフェノールF型エポキシ樹脂(三菱化学社製、「jER806」)30重量部と、熱ラジカル重合開始剤として高分子アゾ開始剤(和光純薬工業社製、「VPE-0201」)7重量部と、熱硬化剤としてセバシン酸ジヒドラジド(大塚化学社製、「SDH」)8重量部と、柔軟粒子として25重量部の柔軟粒子Aと、充填剤としてシリカ(アドマテックス社製、「アドマファインSO-C2」、平均粒子径0.5μm)10重量部と、シランカップリング剤として3-グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン(信越化学工業社製、「KBM-403」)1重量部とを配合し、遊星式撹拌装置(シンキー社製、「あわとり練太郎」)にて撹拌した後、セラミック3本ロールにて均一に混合して液晶表示素子用シール剤1を得た。
得られた液晶表示素子用シール剤1について、E型粘度計(ブルックフィールド社製、「DV-III」)を用いて測定した、25℃、1rpmの条件における粘度は26万mPa・sであった。
また、同様にして25℃、0.5rpmの条件における粘度と25℃、5rpmの条件における粘度とを測定し、25℃、0.5rpmの条件で測定した粘度を、25℃、5rpmの条件で測定した粘度で除して導出した液晶表示素子用シール剤1のチクソトロピックインデックスは1.3であった。
(液晶表示素子用シール剤2の製造)
硬化性樹脂としてビスフェノールA型エポキシアクリレート(ダイセル・オルネクス社製、「EBECRYL3700」)70重量部及びビスフェノールF型エポキシ樹脂(三菱化学社製、「jER806」)30重量部と、熱ラジカル重合開始剤として高分子アゾ開始剤(和光純薬工業社製、「VPE-0201」)7重量部と、熱硬化剤としてセバシン酸ジヒドラジド(大塚化学社製、「SDH」)8重量部と、柔軟粒子として20重量部の柔軟粒子A及び5重量部の柔軟粒子Bと、充填剤としてシリカ(アドマテックス社製、「アドマファインSO-C2」、平均粒子径0.5μm)10重量部と、シランカップリング剤として3-グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン(信越化学工業社製、「KBM-403」)1重量部とを配合し、遊星式撹拌装置(シンキー社製、「あわとり練太郎」)にて撹拌した後、セラミック3本ロールにて均一に混合して液晶表示素子用シール剤2を得た。
得られた液晶表示素子用シール剤2について、液晶表示素子用シール剤1と同様にして測定した粘度は28万mPa・s、チクソトロピックインデックスは1.4であった。
(液晶表示素子用シール剤3の製造)
硬化性樹脂としてビスフェノールA型エポキシアクリレート(ダイセル・オルネクス社製、「EBECRYL3700」)70重量部及びビスフェノールF型エポキシ樹脂(三菱化学社製、「jER806」)30重量部と、熱ラジカル重合開始剤として高分子アゾ開始剤(和光純薬工業社製、「VPE-0201」)7重量部と、熱硬化剤としてセバシン酸ジヒドラジド(大塚化学社製、「SDH」)8重量部と、柔軟粒子として25重量部の柔軟粒子Bと、充填剤としてシリカ(アドマテックス社製、「アドマファインSO-C2」、平均粒子径0.5μm)10重量部と、シランカップリング剤として3-グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン(信越化学工業社製、「KBM-403」)1重量部とを配合し、遊星式撹拌装置(シンキー社製、「あわとり練太郎」)にて撹拌した後、セラミック3本ロールにて均一に混合して液晶表示素子用シール剤3を得た。
得られた液晶表示素子用シール剤3について、液晶表示素子用シール剤1と同様にして測定した粘度は30万mPa・s、チクソトロピックインデックスは1.7であった。
実施例及び比較例で得られた各液晶表示素子用シール剤100重量部に対して平均粒子径5μmのスペーサー粒子(積水化学工業社製、「ミクロパールSP-2050」)1重量部を遊星式撹拌装置によって均一に分散させ、得られたシール剤をディスペンス用のシリンジ(武蔵エンジニアリング社製、「PSY-10E」)に充填し、脱泡処理を行ってから、ディスペンサー(武蔵エンジニアリング社製、「SHOTMASTER300」)にてITO薄膜付きの透明電極基板に長方形の枠を描く様にシール剤を塗布し、塗布直後のシール幅及び塗布高さを検査装置(KEYENCE社製、「LT-9011M」)で測定した。実施例1で得られた液晶表示素子用シール剤の塗布は、シール部のシール幅を約210μm、塗布高さを約25μmとなるようにし、実施例2で得られた液晶表示素子用シール剤の塗布は、シール部のシール幅を約200μm、塗布高さを約26μmとなるようにし、比較例1で得られた液晶表示素子用シール剤の塗布は、シール部のシール幅を約210μm、塗布高さを約25μmとなるようにした。続いて、TN液晶(チッソ社製、「JC-5001LA」)の微小滴を液晶滴下装置にて滴下塗布し、他方の透明基板を、真空貼り合わせ装置にて5Paの真空下にて貼り合わせた。貼り合わせた後のセルを120℃で1時間加熱してシール剤を熱硬化させ、液晶表示素子(セルギャップ5μm)を得た。
得られた液晶表示素子を、顕微鏡を用いて表示面に対して垂直方向から観察した。実施例1、実施例2、及び、比較例1で得られた液晶表示素子を、表示面に対して垂直方向から観察して得られた観察像をそれぞれ図2~4に示した。
シール部の中心線から両端方向へそれぞれ10%の位置までの領域に含まれる粒子の平均粒子径は、実施例1では14.7μmであり、実施例2では12.3μmであり、比較例1では7.2μmであった。また、シール部の両端から中心線方向へそれぞれ10%の位置までの領域に含まれる粒子の平均粒子径は、実施例1では7.1μmであり、実施例2では6.9μmであり、比較例1では7.0μmであった。
更に、線の中央部の100μm×100μmの領域に含まれる直径10μm以上の粒子の個数、及び、線の端部の100μm×100μmの領域に含まれる直径10μm以上の粒子の個数を計測したところ、実施例1では中央部18.5個、端部0.83個であり、実施例2では中央部12個、端部0.67個であり、比較例1では中央部5個、端部0.83個であった。なお、直径10μm以上の粒子の個数の計測では、無作為に6点のエリアを選び、該6点のエリアに含まれる直径10μm以上の粒子の個数の平均を計測個数とした。
加えて、シール部を形成する液晶表示素子用シール剤の塗布方向の直線距離を1とした時、液晶と接触している端部の縁線の距離は、実施例1では1.1であり、実施例2では1.3であり、比較例1では2であった。
実施例及び比較例で得られた各液晶表示素子について以下の評価を行った。結果を表1に示した。
実施例及び比較例で得られた各液晶表示素子について、シール部の形状観察を行った。その結果、内部の液晶によりシール部の形状が乱されていなかったものを「◎」、僅かにシールパターンの形状が乱されていたものを「○」、かなりシール部の形状が乱されているが液晶がシール部を突き破ってはいなかったものを「△」、液晶がシール部を突き破って外部に漏れ出したものを「×」として評価した。
実施例及び比較例で得られた各液晶表示素子について、60℃で1000時間電圧印加状態とした後のシール部付近の表示を目視によって確認した。
表示は色むらにより判断しており、色むらの程度に応じて、色むらが全くなかった場合を「◎」、色むらが微かにあった場合を「○」、色むらが少しあった場合を「△」、色むらがかなりあった場合を「×」として液晶汚染性を評価した。
なお、評価が「◎」、「○」の液晶表示素子は実用に全く問題のないレベルである。
2 シール部の中心線から両端方向へそれぞれ10%の位置までの領域
3 シール部の両端から中心線方向へそれぞれ10%の位置までの領域
4 粒子径の大きい粒子
5 粒子径の小さい粒子
6 中心線
Claims (6)
- 2枚の基板の周囲を粒子を含有する線状のシール部で封止してなるセルに液晶を封入した構造を有する液晶表示素子であって、
前記シール部のシール幅を100%としたとき、前記シール部の中心線から両端方向へそれぞれ10%の位置までの領域に含まれる粒子の平均粒子径が、前記シール部の両端から中心線方向へそれぞれ10%の位置までの領域に含まれる粒子の平均粒子径よりも大きい
ことを特徴とする液晶表示素子。 - シール部を構成する線の中央部の100μm×100μmの領域に含まれる直径10μm以上の粒子の個数が7個以上であり、シール部を構成する線の端部の100μm×100μmの領域に含まれる直径10μm以上の粒子の個数が3個以下であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の液晶表示素子。
- シール部の中心線から両端方向へそれぞれ10%の位置までの領域に含まれる粒子の平均粒子径がセルギャップよりも大きいことを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の液晶表示素子。
- 請求項1、2又は3記載の液晶表示素子の製造に用いる液晶表示素子用シール剤であって、平均粒子径が6μm以上の粒子と平均粒子径が3μm以下の粒子とを含有することを特徴とする液晶表示素子用シール剤。
- E型粘度計を用いて、25℃、1rpmの条件で測定した粘度が20万~50万mPa・sであることを特徴とする請求項4記載の液晶表示素子用シール剤。
- チクソトロピックインデックスが1.0~2.0であることを特徴とする請求項4又は5記載の液晶表示素子用シール剤。
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| CN201580005748.3A CN105934704B (zh) | 2014-07-02 | 2015-07-01 | 液晶显示元件及液晶显示元件用密封剂 |
| JP2015536709A JP6603580B2 (ja) | 2014-07-02 | 2015-07-01 | 液晶表示素子及び液晶表示素子用シール剤 |
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| US10627249B2 (en) | 2017-12-01 | 2020-04-21 | At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. | Dynamic customization of an autonomous vehicle experience |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN105934704B (zh) | 2020-03-27 |
| JPWO2016002837A1 (ja) | 2017-04-27 |
| CN105934704A (zh) | 2016-09-07 |
| KR102274644B1 (ko) | 2021-07-07 |
| TWI702449B (zh) | 2020-08-21 |
| JP6603580B2 (ja) | 2019-11-06 |
| TW201606403A (zh) | 2016-02-16 |
| KR20170023765A (ko) | 2017-03-06 |
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