WO2016000487A1 - 一种基于变系数α-β滤波器的目标跟踪方法与跟踪系统 - Google Patents
一种基于变系数α-β滤波器的目标跟踪方法与跟踪系统 Download PDFInfo
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- the invention belongs to the field of multi-sensor information fusion technology, and in particular relates to a target tracking method and a tracking system based on a variable coefficient ⁇ - ⁇ filter.
- the probability hypothesis density filtering method is a new method to solve the target detection and tracking. Its biggest advantage is that it reduces the integral operation in Bayesian filtering method, and can give the instantaneous target number estimation. It has been widely used in multi-target detection, location and tracking.
- the probability hypothesis density filtering method is a data processing method that transmits the first moment of the joint posterior distribution. Due to the integral operation involved, the probability hypothesis density filter is usually implemented by particle filtering or Gaussian mixture method. Both the particle filter method and the Gaussian mixture method require that the distribution characteristics of the process noise during the target motion and the distribution characteristics of the observed noise during the sensor observation process are known. When the distribution characteristics of process noise are unknown, the existing probability hypothesis density filter and its approximate implementation method are difficult to work. Probabilistic Hypothesis The multi-target tracking problem of density filter is an important technical problem that needs to be explored and solved.
- the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a target tracking method and tracking system based on a variable coefficient ⁇ - ⁇ filter, aiming at improving the new target detection capability and multi-target tracking accuracy of the ⁇ - ⁇ filter.
- the present invention is implemented as follows:
- a target tracking method based on a variable coefficient ⁇ - ⁇ filter comprising the following steps:
- Step S1 predicting the target moment and the Dirac term of the target existing at the previous moment according to the target moment and the Dirac term at the previous moment, and assigning the corresponding target moment and the Dirac term to the new target at the current moment. ;
- Step S2 determining, according to the predicted target moment at the previous moment, the target moment at the current moment, the Dirac term, the target moment of the new target at the current time, and the Dirac term and the current position measurement.
- New Dirac item
- Step S3 performing the reduction and merging of the updated Dirac items to obtain the target moment and the Dirac term at the current moment; and using the target moment of the current moment and the Dirac term as the recursive input of the next moment;
- Step S4 extracting a Dirac term whose weight coefficient is greater than the first threshold as the output of the current time according to the target moment and the Dirac term at the current moment, and setting the target state value in the output Dirac term as a target state at the current time. value.
- step S1 the previous moment is represented by k-1, and the current moment is represented by k;
- the target moment of the previous moment is Where ⁇ represents the Dirac distribution and x represents the state of the target;
- the step S1 specifically includes the following steps:
- the Dirac item at the current moment i 1, 2,..., J k-1 ; among them,
- the weighting factor representing the ith predicted Dirac term Indicates the target state value of the ith predicted Dirac term, The time at which the new Dirac term corresponding to the ith predicted Dirac term is generated, and Where F k-1 is the state transition matrix, p sk is the probability of the target surviving; the predicted target moment p k
- the weighting factor representing the new Dirac term Indicates the target state value of the new Dirac item, Represents the time of the birth of the new Dirac item, J ⁇ k is the number of the new Dirac items, i is the index number, and t represents the time of the current time.
- step S2 is specifically:
- Dirac items at the current moment based on the predicted existing target at the previous moment And the target moment p k
- the time generated for the updated Dirac term, n k is the number of current time position measurements
- the position measurement of the current time includes the position measurement generated by the current time target and the position measurement generated by the current time clutter
- i and j is the index number, and when j ⁇ n k ,
- t represents the time of the current time
- K i is the gain matrix
- z j represents the jth position measurement in the n k position measurement at the current time
- H k is the observation matrix
- R j is the variance matrix of the observed noise
- c is The amplification factor
- R 0 is the covariance set for detecting the new target
- p Dk is the detection probability of the target
- K i takes the gain matrix of the variable coefficient ⁇ - ⁇ filter, and Where T is the time difference between the current time and the previous time, and ⁇ k and ⁇ k are two time-varying coefficients, and
- step S3 is specifically:
- the target state value for the qth Dirac item The time produced for the new Dirac term corresponding to the qth Dirac term, and J k
- Dirac item updated from the current moment q 1,...,J k
- the method of merging multiple Dirac items is: Where L is the set formed by the merged Dirac term, and the superscripts T and b respectively represent the transposed and merged Dirac terms of the matrix; the time of the merged Dirac term Taking the time of the largest Dirac term of the weight coefficient in the Dirac item before the merger;
- a target tracking system based on a variable coefficient ⁇ - ⁇ filter comprising:
- the prediction module is configured to predict the target moment and the Dirac term of the target existing at the previous moment according to the target moment and the Dirac term at the previous moment, and specify the corresponding target moment and the target for the new target at the current moment. Lack item
- An update module configured to determine an updated Dirac item according to the target moment and the Dirac term of the target at the current moment predicted, the target moment of the new target at the current moment, and the Dirac term and the current time position measurement;
- the reduction and merging module is used for cutting and merging the updated Dirac items to obtain the target moment and the Dirac term at the current moment; and using the target moment of the current moment and the Dirac term as the recursive input of the next moment;
- a target state extraction module configured to extract, according to a target moment and a Dirac term at the current moment, a Dirac term with a weight coefficient greater than a first threshold as an output of the current moment, and set a target state value in the output Dirac term as a current moment The status value of a target.
- k-1 represents a previous moment
- k represents a current moment
- the weighting factor representing the ith predicted Dirac term Indicates the target state value of the ith predicted Dirac term, The time at which the new Dirac term corresponding to the ith predicted Dirac term is generated, and Where F k-1 is the state transition matrix, p sk is the probability of the target surviving; the predicted target moment p k
- the weighting factor representing the new Dirac term Indicates the target state value of the new Dirac item, Represents the time of the birth of the new Dirac item, J ⁇ k is the number of the new Dirac items, i is the index number, and t represents the time of the current time.
- the update module is configured to use the Dirac item at the current moment according to the predicted target that has existed at the previous moment. And the target moment p k
- t represents the time of the current time
- K i is the gain matrix
- z j represents the jth position measurement in the n k position measurement at the current time
- H k is the observation matrix
- R j is the variance matrix of the observed noise
- c is The amplification factor
- R 0 is the covariance set for detecting the new target
- p Dk is the detection probability of the target
- K i takes the gain matrix of the variable coefficient ⁇ - ⁇ filter, and Where T is the time difference between the current time and the previous time, and ⁇ k and ⁇ k are two time-varying coefficients, and
- the target state value for the qth Dirac item The time produced for the new Dirac term corresponding to the qth Dirac term, and J k
- Dirac item updated from the current moment q 1,...,J k
- the method of merging multiple Dirac items is: Where L is the set formed by the merged Dirac term, and the superscripts T and b respectively represent the transposed and merged Dirac terms of the matrix; the time of the merged Dirac term Taking the time of the largest Dirac term of the weight coefficient in the Dirac item before the merger;
- each Dirac item has a time stamp for recording the time of the corresponding new Dirac item.
- the time stamp in the Dirac term is used for the calculation of the filter gain of the alpha-beta filter.
- the filtering gain of the ⁇ - ⁇ filter is large, so that the present invention can quickly detect and track the nascent target; for the existing target, the filtering gain of the ⁇ - ⁇ filter is small, thus ensuring the present invention. High tracking accuracy for existing targets.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a target tracking method based on a variable coefficient ⁇ - ⁇ filter according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a target tracking system based on a variable coefficient ⁇ - ⁇ filter according to an embodiment of the present invention. Schematic;
- Figure 3 Simulation measurement data used in an embodiment of the present invention
- Figure 4 Comparison of the average OSAC distances of the present invention with existing target tracking methods based on constant coefficient alpha-beta filters.
- the filter gain different from the constant coefficient ⁇ - ⁇ filter is fixed, and the filter gain of the ⁇ - ⁇ filter in the present invention is time-varying.
- the use of time-varying filter gain improves the detection capability and multi-target tracking accuracy of the present invention for new targets.
- a target tracking method based on a variable coefficient ⁇ - ⁇ filter includes the following steps:
- Step S1 predicting the target moment and the Dirac term of the target existing at the previous moment according to the target moment and the Dirac term at the previous moment, and assigning the corresponding target moment and the Dirac term to the new target at the current moment. ;
- Step S2 determining an updated Dirac term according to the target moment and the Dirac term of the target existing at the previous moment predicted, the target moment of the new target at the current moment, and the Dirac term and the current position measurement;
- Step S3 performing the reduction and merging of the updated Dirac items to obtain the target moment and the Dirac term at the current moment; and using the target moment of the current moment and the Dirac term as the recursive input of the next moment;
- Step S4 extracting a Dirac term whose weight coefficient is greater than the first threshold as the output of the current time according to the target moment and the Dirac term at the current moment, and setting the target state value in the output Dirac term as a target state at the current time. value.
- step S1 the previous moment is represented by k-1, and the current moment is represented by k;
- the target moment of the previous moment is Where ⁇ represents the Dirac distribution and x represents the state of the target;
- the step S1 specifically includes the following steps:
- the Dirac item at the current moment i 1, 2,..., J k-1 ; among them,
- the weighting factor representing the ith predicted Dirac term Indicates the target state value of the ith predicted Dirac term, The time at which the new Dirac term corresponding to the ith predicted Dirac term is generated, and Where F k-1 is the state transition matrix, p sk is the probability of the target surviving; the predicted target moment p k
- the weighting factor representing the new Dirac term Indicates the target state value of the new Dirac item, Represents the time of the birth of the new Dirac item, J ⁇ k is the number of the new Dirac items, i is the index number, and t represents the time of the current time.
- Step S2 is specifically:
- Dirac items at the current moment based on the predicted existing target at the previous moment And the target moment p k
- the time generated for the updated Dirac term, n k is the number of current time position measurements
- the position measurement of the current time includes the position measurement generated by the current time target and the position measurement generated by the current time clutter
- i and j is the index number, and when j ⁇ n k ,
- t represents the time of the current time
- K i is the gain matrix
- z j represents the jth position measurement in the n k position measurement at the current time
- H k is the observation matrix
- R j is the variance matrix of the observed noise
- c is The amplification factor
- R 0 is the covariance set for detecting the new target
- p Dk is the detection probability of the target
- K i takes the gain matrix of the variable coefficient ⁇ - ⁇ filter, and Where T is the time difference between the current time and the previous time, and ⁇ k and ⁇ k are two time-varying coefficients, and
- Step S3 is specifically as follows:
- the target state value for the qth Dirac item The time produced for the new Dirac term corresponding to the qth Dirac term, and J k
- Dirac item updated from the current moment q 1,...,J k
- the method of merging multiple Dirac items is: Where L is the set formed by the merged Dirac term, and the superscripts T and b respectively represent the transposed and merged Dirac terms of the matrix; the time of the merged Dirac term Taking the time of the largest Dirac term of the weight coefficient in the Dirac item before the merger;
- the present invention also provides a target tracking system based on a variable coefficient ⁇ - ⁇ filter, including:
- the prediction module 1 is configured to predict a target moment and a Dirac term of the target existing at the previous moment according to the target moment and the Dirac term at the previous moment, and specify a corresponding target moment for the new target at the current moment and Dirac item;
- the updating module 2 is configured to determine the updated Dirac item according to the target moment and the Dirac item of the current moment at the predicted previous moment, the target moment of the new target at the current moment, and the Dirac item and the current time position measurement. ;
- the reduction and merging module 3 is configured to cut and merge the updated Dirac items to obtain the target moment and the Dirac term at the current moment; and use the target moment and the Dirac term at the current moment as the recursive input of the next moment;
- the target state extraction module 4 is configured to extract, according to the target moment and the Dirac term at the current moment, a Dirac term whose weight coefficient is greater than the first threshold as the output of the current moment, and the output in the Dirac term
- the target status value is the status value of a target at the current time.
- the previous time is represented by k-1, and the current time is represented by k;
- the weighting factor representing the ith predicted Dirac term Indicates the target state value of the ith predicted Dirac term, The time at which the new Dirac term corresponding to the ith predicted Dirac term is generated, and Where F k-1 is the state transition matrix, p sk is the probability of the target surviving; the predicted target moment p k
- the weighting factor representing the new Dirac term Indicates the target state value of the new Dirac item, Represents the time of the birth of the new Dirac item, J ⁇ k is the number of the new Dirac items, i is the index number, and t represents the time of the current time.
- the update module 2 is used for the Dirac item at the current moment according to the predicted target that has existed at the previous moment. And the target moment p k
- t represents the time of the current time
- K i is the gain matrix
- z j represents the jth position measurement in the n k position measurement at the current time
- H k is the observation matrix
- R j is the variance matrix of the observed noise
- c is The amplification factor
- R 0 is the covariance set for detecting the new target
- p Dk is the detection probability of the target
- K i takes the gain matrix of the variable coefficient ⁇ - ⁇ filter, and Where T is the time difference between the current time and the previous time, and ⁇ k and ⁇ k are two time-varying coefficients, and
- the target state value for the qth Dirac item The time produced for the new Dirac term corresponding to the qth Dirac term, and J k
- Dirac item updated from the current moment q 1,...,J k
- the method of merging multiple Dirac items is: Where L is the set formed by the merged Dirac term, and the superscripts T and b respectively represent the transposed and merged Dirac terms of the matrix; the time of the merged Dirac term Taking the time of the largest Dirac term of the weight coefficient in the Dirac item before the merger;
- the target tracking method based on the variable coefficient ⁇ - ⁇ filter according to the present invention improves the detection capability of the new target and the multi-target tracking accuracy by using the time-varying filter gain.
- the clutter density ⁇ c 5 ⁇ 10 -6 m -2
- the target state Where x and y represent position components, respectively.
- T transpose
- Survival probability p sk 1.0
- target detection probability p Dk 1.0
- R 0 (diag([45(m) 45(m))))) 2
- amplification factor c 3
- first threshold is taken as 0.5
- second The threshold is taken as 10 -3 and the third threshold is taken as 2m.
- the target state values are [-900(m), 0(ms -1 ), - 900(m), 0(ms -1 )] T , [-900(m), 0(ms -1 ), 900(m), 0(ms -1 )] T , [-900(m),0 (ms -1 ), 200 (m), 0 (ms -1 )] T and [-900 (m), 0 (ms -1 ), -400 (m), 0 (ms -1 )] T , 4
- the weight coefficient of the Dirac term of a new target is 0.1; in the case where both the new target appears and the existing target disappears, and the process noise covariance of the target is unknown, the present invention and the existing constant coefficient ⁇ -
- the target tracking method of the ⁇ filter is the average OSA (Optimal Subpattern Assignment) obtained by 100 Monte Carlo experiments when the simulation data shown in Figure 3 (the simulation)
- the multi-target tracking accuracy of the present invention is better than the existing method, and the OSPA distance is obtained by the existing method.
- the OSPA distance is small.
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- 一种基于变系数α-β滤波器的目标跟踪方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:步骤S1:根据前一时刻的目标矩及狄拉克项,预测前一时刻已经存在的目标在当前时刻的目标矩及狄拉克项,并为当前时刻新生的目标指定相应的目标矩及狄拉克项;步骤S2:根据预测的前一时刻已经存在的目标在当前时刻的目标矩及狄拉克项、当前时刻新生目标的目标矩及狄拉克项以及当前时刻的位置测量确定更新的狄拉克项;步骤S3:对更新的狄拉克项进行裁减与合并,得到当前时刻的目标矩及狄拉克项;并将当前时刻的目标矩及狄拉克项作为下一时刻递归的输入;步骤S4:根据当前时刻的目标矩及狄拉克项,提取权重系数大于第一阈值的狄拉克项作为当前时刻的输出,并将所输出狄拉克项中的目标状态值为当前时刻一个目标的状态值。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于变系数α-β滤波器的目标跟踪方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S1中,以k-1表示前一时刻,以k表示当前时刻;前一时刻的狄拉克项为i=1,2,…,Jk-1,其中,表示前一时刻第i个狄拉克项的权重系数,表示前一时刻第i个狄拉克项的目标状态值,Jk-1表示前一时刻狄拉克项的数目,i为索引号,取值为1至Jk-1;表示第i个狄拉克项对应的新生狄拉克项产生的时间;所述步骤S1具体包括下述步骤:根据前一时刻目标矩pk-1(x)及狄拉克项预测前一时刻已经存在的目标在当前时刻的狄拉克项i=1,2,…,Jk-1;其中,表示第i个预测的狄拉克项的权重系数,表示第i个预测的狄拉克项的目标状态值,表示第i个预测的狄拉克项对应的新生狄拉克项产生的时间,并且
其中,Fk-1为状态转移矩阵,psk为目标幸存的概率;预测的目标矩pk|k-1(x)为 - 根据权利要求2所述的一种基于变系数α-β滤波器的目标跟踪方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S2具体为:根据预测的前一时刻已经存在的目标在当前时刻的狄拉克项及目标矩pk|k-1(x),以及指定的当前时刻新生目标的狄拉克项及目标矩pγk(x),以及当前时刻的位置测量,利用变系数α-β滤波器确定出当前时刻更新的狄拉克项i=1,2,…,Jk-1+Jγk,j=1,2,…,nk+1,其中,为更新的狄拉克项的权重系数、为更新的狄拉克项的目标状态值,为更新的狄拉克项产生的时间,nk为当前时刻位置测量的个数,所述当前时刻的位置测量包含由当前时刻目标产生的位置测量和由当前时刻杂波产生的位置测量,i和j是索引号,并且当j≤nk时,
其中,t表示当前时刻的时间,Ki为增益矩阵,zj表示当前时刻nk个位置测量中的第j个位置测量,Hk为观测矩阵,Rj为观测噪声的方差矩阵,c为放大因子,R0是为探测新目标而设置的协方差,pDk为目标的检测概率,λC为当前时刻观测空间中杂波的密度,当j=nk+1时, - 根据权利要求3所述的一种基于变系数α-β滤波器的目标跟踪方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S3具体为:将当前时刻更新的狄拉克项i=1,2,…,Jk-1+Jγk,j=1,2,…,nk+1表述为q=1,…,Jk|k;其中,q为索引号,取值为1至Jk|k,Jk|k为更新的狄拉克项的个数,为第q个狄拉克项的权重,为第q个狄拉克项的目标状态值,为第q个狄拉克项对应的新生狄拉克项产生的时间,并且Jk|k=(nk+1)(Jk-1+Jγk),q=(Jk-1+Jγk)(j-1)+i,i=1,2,…,Jk-1+Jγk,j=1,2,…,nk+1;从裁减后余下的狄拉克项中将距离dij小于第三阈值的狄拉克项合并成一个;其中,合并距离dij为多个狄拉克项的合并方法为:其中,L为合并狄拉克项上标形成的集合,上标T和b分别表示矩阵的转置和合并后狄拉克项的索引号;合并狄拉克项的时间取合并前狄拉克项中权重系数最大狄拉克项的时间;
- 一种基于变系数α-β滤波器的目标跟踪系统,其特征在于,包括:预测模块,用于根据前一时刻的目标矩及狄拉克项,预测前一时刻已经存在的目标在当前时刻的目标矩及狄拉克项,并为当前时刻新生的目标指定相应的目标矩及狄拉克项;更新模块,用于根据预测的前一时刻已经存在的目标在当前时刻的目标矩及狄拉克项、当前时刻新生目标的目标矩及狄拉克项以及当前时刻的位置测量确定更新的狄拉克项;裁减与合并模块,用于对更新的狄拉克项进行裁减与合并,得到当前时刻的目标矩及狄拉克项;并将当前时刻的目标矩及狄拉克项作为下一时刻递归的输入;目标状态提取模块,用于根据当前时刻的目标矩及狄拉克项,提取权重系数大于第一阈值的狄拉克项作为当前时刻的输出,并将所输出狄拉克项中的目标状态值为当前时刻一个目标的状态值。
- 根据权利要求5所述的一种基于变系数α-β滤波器的目标跟踪系统,其特征在于,在所述预测模块中,以k-1表示前一时刻,以k表示当前时刻;前一时刻的狄拉克项为i=1,2,…,Jk-1,其中,表示前一时刻第i个狄拉克项的权重系数,表示前一时刻第i个狄拉克项的目标状态值,Jk-1表示前一时刻狄拉克项的数目,i为索引号,取值为1至Jk-1;表示第i个狄拉克项对应的新生狄拉克项产生的时间;前一时刻的目标矩为其中,δ表示狄拉克分布,x表示目标的状态;所述预测模块用于根据前一时刻目标矩pk-1(x)及狄拉克项预测前一时刻已经存在的目标在当前时刻的狄拉克项i=1,2,…,Jk-1;其中,表示第i个预测的狄拉克项的权重系数,表示第i个预测的狄拉克项的目标状态值,表示第i个预测的狄拉克项对应的新生狄拉克项产生的时间,并且 其中,Fk-1为状态转移矩阵,psk为目标幸存的概率;预测的目标矩pk|k-1(x)为
- 根据权利要求6所述的一种基于变系数α-β滤波器的目标跟踪系统,其特征在于,所述更新模块用于根据预测的前一时刻已经存在的目标在当前时刻的狄拉克项及目标矩pk|k-1(x),以及指定的当前时刻新生目标的狄拉克项及目标矩pγk(x),以及当前时刻的位置测量,利用变系数α-β滤波器确定出当前时刻更新的狄拉克项i=1,2,…,Jk-1+Jγk,j=1,2,…,nk+1,其中,为更新的狄拉克项的权重系数、为更新的狄拉克项的目标状态值,为更新的狄拉克项产生的时间,nk为当前时刻位置测量的个数,所述当前时刻的位置测量包含由当前时刻目标产生的位置测量和由当前时刻杂波产生的位置测量,i和j是索引号,并且当j≤nk时,
其中,t表示当前时刻的时间,Ki为增益矩阵,zj表示当前时刻nk个位置测量中的第j个位置测量,Hk为观测矩阵,Rj为观测噪声的方差矩阵,c为放大因子,R0是为探测新目标而设置的协方差,pDk为目标的检测概率,λC为当前时刻观测空间中杂波的密度,当j=nk+1时, - 根据权利要求7所述的一种基于变系数α-β滤波器的目标跟踪系统,其特征在于,所述裁减与合并模块用于将当前时刻更新的狄拉克项i=1,2,…,Jk-1+Jγk,j=1,2,…,nk+1表述为q=1,…,Jk|k;其中,q为索引号,取值为1至Jk|k,Jk|k为更新的狄拉克项的个数,为第q个狄拉克项的权重,为第q个狄拉克项的目标状态值,为第q个狄拉克项对应的新生狄拉克项产生的时间,并且Jk|k=(nk+1)(Jk-1+Jγk),q=(Jk-1+Jγk)(j-1)+i,i=1,2,…,Jk-1+Jγk,j=1,2,…,nk+1;从裁减后余下的狄拉克项中将距离dij小于第三阈值的狄拉克项合并成一个;其中,合并距离dij为多个狄拉克项的合并方法为:其中,L为合并狄拉克项上标形成的集合,上标T和b分别表示矩阵的转置和合并后狄拉克项的索引号;合并狄拉克项的时间取合并前狄拉克项中权重系数最大狄拉克项的时间;
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