WO2016000443A1 - 一种管道沟渠检测机器人及其系统 - Google Patents

一种管道沟渠检测机器人及其系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016000443A1
WO2016000443A1 PCT/CN2015/070947 CN2015070947W WO2016000443A1 WO 2016000443 A1 WO2016000443 A1 WO 2016000443A1 CN 2015070947 W CN2015070947 W CN 2015070947W WO 2016000443 A1 WO2016000443 A1 WO 2016000443A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
robot
vehicle body
cable
wheel
detecting robot
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PCT/CN2015/070947
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
代毅
汪淇
吕小兵
陈康
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深圳市博铭维智能科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2016000443A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016000443A1/zh

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62DMOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D55/00Endless track vehicles
    • B62D55/06Endless track vehicles with tracks without ground wheels
    • B62D55/065Multi-track vehicles, i.e. more than two tracks
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16LPIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L55/00Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L55/26Pigs or moles, i.e. devices movable in a pipe or conduit with or without self-contained propulsion means

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of mobile robots, and in particular relates to a pipeline trench detecting robot and a system thereof for cable detection.
  • the pipe trench detection robot system is used as an effective detection device to replace the workers entering the cable trench detection, and has been used more and more.
  • the core structure of the existing robots is basically a camera mounted on a mobile carrier, and a control box for controlling the operation of the robot in the background.
  • a control box for controlling the operation of the robot in the background.
  • Chinese Patent Application Publication No. CN101468664A referred to as '664
  • a cable tunnel hazardous environment small crawler inspection robot system Chinese Patent Application Publication No. CN102354925A (abbreviation A robot capable of realizing inspection of a tunnel (tube) in accordance with the '925 No. 925'
  • Chinese Patent Application Publication No. CN101915339A A pipe robot involved in 'No. 339'.
  • the robots disclosed in '664 and '925 are more complicated, and the robot can't overcome obstacles when it retreats, and the robot's pan/tilt does not have the gimbal lifting function. It can be used for cable tunnel inspection, but it is not ideal when used in a narrow cable trench.
  • the robot disclosed in '339 has poor barrier performance. Although it has the manual upgrade function of the pan/tilt, it can be applied to pipes or ditches of different diameters, but the lifting of the gimbal needs manual operation, and the range of lifting and lowering of the gimbal Still very limited.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a pipeline ditch detecting robot and a system thereof, which have the advantages of simple structure, complete functions, convenient operation, and can be applied to ditches or pipes with complicated conditions.
  • the present invention provides a pipeline trench detecting robot, which comprises a vehicle body, a traveling mechanism for assisting the body traveling, a lifting mechanism, and a pan/tilt camera device supported on the lifting mechanism.
  • the side surface of the vehicle body has a trapezoidal shape that is large and small.
  • the running mechanism is two sets of crawler type walking mechanisms located on both sides of the vehicle body.
  • Each set of crawler type traveling mechanism includes a driving wheel, a guiding wheel, two supporting pulleys, a plurality of supporting rollers, and a crawler belt which is sleeved on the driving wheel, the guiding wheel, the supporting pulley and the supporting roller.
  • the drive wheel and the guide wheel are mounted on both ends of the upper portion of the vehicle body, and the pulley is mounted between the drive wheel and the guide wheel, and the roller is mounted at the lower end of the vehicle body to carry the components on the vehicle body and the vehicle body.
  • the driving wheel of one of the crawler type traveling mechanisms is located behind the traveling direction of the robot, the guiding wheel is located in front of the traveling direction of the robot; the driving wheel of the other crawler type traveling mechanism is located in front of the traveling direction of the robot, and the guiding wheel is located in the traveling direction of the robot The rear.
  • the two sets of crawler type traveling mechanisms are respectively located on the left side and the right side of the vehicle body and are independently driven by the respective corresponding traveling motors.
  • the vehicle body is an independent module, and an illumination lamp and a lifting ring are disposed thereon; the illumination lamp is disposed directly in front of the robot; the driving wheel, the guiding wheel, the supporting pulley and the supporting wheel are respectively fixed independently by the bracket On the body.
  • the lifting mechanism includes an elevation support connected to the upper surface of the vehicle body, a pan-tilt support for supporting the pan-tilt camera device, and two links for movably connecting the elevation support and the pan-tilt support;
  • the mechanism can rotate in the range above the fuselage and in front of the fuselage, thereby driving the pan/tilt camera device to pan over the position above the fuselage and in front of the fuselage.
  • the two connecting shafts connected to the lifting support are arranged one after the other, and the front shaft is lower than the rear axle; the two connecting shafts of the two connecting rods connected to the platform support are also The front and rear axles are disposed lower than the rear axle position; the two connecting rods are oppositely disposed fold line type links, and the inner corner of each of the links is obtuse, thereby avoiding interference between the two links.
  • the pan/tilt camera apparatus includes a rotation mechanism, a pitch mechanism, and an image acquisition device;
  • the rotation mechanism includes a rotary electric machine that drives the pitch mechanism to rotate, thereby causing the image acquisition device to rotate in a horizontal direction following the pitch mechanism;
  • the mechanism comprises a pitch motor, a timing belt and a timing belt wheel, which drives the image acquisition device to perform a pitch motion in a vertical direction;
  • the image acquisition device acquires image information in the cable groove and two-dimensional barcode information attached to the cable line when the image acquisition device operates
  • the illuminator is installed next to the camera and placed in the same direction as the camera.
  • the pipeline trench detecting robot has a maximum length of 700 mm, a maximum width of 260 mm, and a maximum height of 280 mm.
  • the invention also provides a pipeline ditch detecting robot system, comprising the foregoing pipe ditch detecting robot, a control box for controlling the pipe ditch detecting robot, and a cable for connecting the pipe ditch detecting robot and the control box.
  • control box includes a switching power supply, an industrial computer main board, a host computer control chip, a hard disk, a video encoder, and an input/output device;
  • the input/output device includes a touch panel, a keyboard, a knob, and a rocker;
  • the output device includes a display and an indicator light.
  • the pipeline ditch detecting robot and the system thereof provided by the invention not only have the advantages of simple structure, complete functions, convenient operation, but also can be applied to ditches or pipes with complicated conditions.
  • FIG. 1 is a system block diagram of a pipeline trench detection robot system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a structural block diagram of a control box of a robot according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a pipeline trench detection robot system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the operation of a gimbal lifting mechanism of a pipe trench detecting robot system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a pan-tilt imaging device of a pipeline trench detection robot system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the pipeline ditch detecting robot system is mainly used for replacing the worker entering the cable trench to detect the cable and cable trench environment and managing the data, or the user detecting the drain pipe, the oil pipe, etc., and the robot is used for the cable below.
  • the invention is described in detail by way of a ditch.
  • a pipe trench detection robot system provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes a robot, a control box, and a cable connecting the robot and the control box.
  • the various modules of the robot are independent of each other, which is convenient for disassembly and assembly, and is also beneficial for subsequent improvement.
  • the surface of the cable is marked with a scale, and the robot can travel the distance and make a rough positioning by the scale on the cable when the robot cannot be positioned by ultrasonic ranging.
  • the robot includes a vehicle body 1, a traveling mechanism for assisting the traveling of the vehicle body 1, a lifting mechanism 3 disposed at the upper end of the vehicle body 1, a pan-tilt camera device 4 supported on the lifting mechanism 3, and a sensor box mounted on the vehicle body 1. 5 and an illumination lamp 6 mounted on the front end of the vehicle body 1.
  • the illuminating lamp 6 is disposed directly forward of the robot, and the illuminating lamp 6 is a spotlight with adjustable brightness, which has high brightness and is used for illumination of the entire cable trench environment.
  • the body 1 is a separate module. In addition to facilitating the installation and fixing of other components of the robot, electronic components such as a driver, a voltage conversion module, and a lower-position control chip are placed therein.
  • the upper end of the fuselage 1 is also provided with a cable 8 for facilitating the insertion or removal of the robot.
  • the fuselage 1 is also provided with an aviation socket 7, and the robot is coupled to the cable through the aviation socket 7 to be connected to the control box.
  • the side of the body 1 has a large and small trapezoidal shape.
  • the robot has a maximum length of about 700 mm, a maximum width of about 260 mm, and a maximum height of about 280 mm.
  • the walking mechanism of the robot includes two sets of crawler type walking mechanisms, and the two sets of crawler type traveling mechanisms are respectively located on the left side and the right side of the vehicle body and are independently driven by respective corresponding traveling motors (not shown), and one of the crawler type walking
  • the mechanism is front-wheel drive and the other side is rear-wheel drive.
  • Each of the crawler type traveling mechanisms includes a crawler belt 21, a drive wheel 22, a guide wheel 23, two carrier pulleys 24, a plurality of roller wheels 25, and a crawler wheel bracket/track pulley.
  • the driving wheel 22 and the guide wheel 23 are mounted at both upper ends of the vehicle body 1.
  • the pulley 4 is mounted between the driving wheel 22 and the guide wheel 23.
  • the roller 25 is mounted at the lower end of the vehicle body to carry the body 1 and the body 1 element.
  • the driving wheel 22, the guide wheel 23, the carrier pulley 24 and the roller 25 are respectively fixed to the vehicle body 1 by brackets, and the crawler belt 21 is sleeved on the driving wheel 22, the guide wheel 23, the carrier pulley 24 and the roller 25 .
  • the traveling motor (not shown) is directly connected to the driving wheel 22 through the shaft and the flat key, eliminating the structure of the gear and the worm gear, simplifying the structure of the robot, saving the space occupied by the robot and improving the transmission efficiency.
  • the driving wheel 22 of the crawler type traveling mechanism on the left side of the vehicle body is located behind the robot traveling direction, and the guide wheel 23 is located in front of the traveling direction of the robot; the driving wheel 22 of the crawler type traveling mechanism on the right side of the vehicle body is located in the traveling direction of the robot.
  • the guide wheel 23 In front of the guide wheel 23, it is located behind the direction in which the robot travels. Due to this design of the drive wheel 22 and the guide wheel 23 on the left and right sides of the vehicle body, the robot can not only perform the forward and backward movements, but also can realize the obstacle travel when advancing and retreating. When the crawler speeds of the two sides are different, the differential steering of the robot can also be realized.
  • the lifting mechanism 3 is a parallelogram mechanism that is coupled to the upper surface of the vehicle body 1 and includes an elevation support 31, two links 32, and a platform support 33.
  • the lifting mechanism 3 drives the connecting rod 32 to rotate by the steering gear, and the pan-tilt camera device 4 is mounted on the pan-tilt mount 33, so that the pan-tilt camera device 4 fixed on the link 32 can be lifted and lowered, and the pan-tilt camera can be photographed.
  • the device 4 is always moved in parallel during the lifting process.
  • Both ends of the link 32 of the elevating mechanism 3 are movably coupled to the elevating support 31 and the pan/tilt mount 33 via a connecting shaft 34.
  • the connecting shafts 32 and the two connecting shafts 34 connected to the lifting support 31 are disposed one after the other, and the front shaft is lower than the rear axle position; the two connecting shafts 34 connected to the platform support 33 of the connecting rod 32 are also Set one after the other, and the front axle is lower than the rear axle position.
  • This design of the connecting shaft 34 allows the frame of the lifting mechanism 3 to be tilted forward and downward, which can lower the lifting mechanism 3 to a lower position, improve the detection range of the robot, and also reduce the overall size of the robot.
  • the connecting rods 32 are of a fold line type and are disposed opposite to each other, and the inner angle of the connecting rod 32 is an obtuse angle, so that interference between the two connecting rods 32 can be avoided to some extent, further ensuring that the lifting mechanism 3 can be lowered to a lower position.
  • the lifting mechanism 3 can rotate in the range above the fuselage 1 and in front of the fuselage 1, thereby driving the pan-tilt camera device 4 to translate over the position above the fuselage 1 and in front of the fuselage 1.
  • the lifting mechanism 3 has four main operating conditions.
  • Working condition 1 is the condition that the lifting mechanism 3 is raised to the highest point, and needs to be used when performing detailed inspection on the cable of the highest layer
  • working condition 2 is the condition that the lifting mechanism 3 is raised to a higher position, and the robot is in this condition most of the time
  • Working condition 3 is a situation when the lifting mechanism 3 is at a level, mainly used when the obstacle is overcome
  • the working condition 4 is a condition where the lifting mechanism 3 is lowered to the lowest point, and is required when a cable is crossed in the aisle mid-air.
  • the pan-tilt camera device 4 is connected to the pan-tilt support 33 of the elevating mechanism 3, which has two degrees of freedom in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction.
  • the pan-tilt imaging apparatus 4 includes a rotation mechanism 41, a tilt mechanism 42, and an image acquisition device 43.
  • the rotation mechanism 41 is disposed on the platform support 33
  • the pitch mechanism 42 is disposed on the rotation mechanism 41
  • the image acquisition device 43 is mounted on the pitch mechanism 42.
  • the rotation mechanism 41 includes a rotary electric machine 401 which is a flat rotary stepping motor that drives the pitch mechanism 42 to rotate, so that the image acquisition device 43 rotates in the horizontal direction following the pitch mechanism 42, and the rotation angle of the rotation mechanism 41 is 0. ° ⁇ 360 °.
  • the pitch mechanism 42 includes a pitch motor 402, a timing belt 403, a timing pulley (not labeled), and a pitch motor 402 is a steering gear.
  • the image pickup device 43 is driven in the vertical direction by a timing pulley, a timing belt 403, and a camera connection shaft.
  • the pitching motion realizes the tilting function of the image capturing device 43, and the working angle of the tilting mechanism 42 is -15 to 90 degrees.
  • the image acquisition device 43 includes a camera 404 and an illumination lamp 405.
  • the camera 404 has an optical zoom function, and the illumination lamp 405 is installed beside the camera 404 and disposed in the same direction as the camera 404.
  • the illumination lamp 405 is a brightness-adjustable floodlight with medium brightness, providing a moderate degree for the image information acquired by the camera 404. Illuminate for the best results in the image.
  • the image acquiring device 43 can also adopt an infrared camera equipped with an infrared lamp or an infrared thermal imager, and can also obtain image information in the cable trench and two-dimensional code information on the cable.
  • the lifting mechanism 3 and the pan-tilt camera device 4 provide the image acquiring device 43 with three degrees of freedom, and the robot can acquire more image information of the cables in the cable trenches, and achieve a wider inspection of the cable trenches.
  • the robot acquires high quality cable groove image information through the optical zoom camera 404.
  • a temperature and humidity sensor, various gas sensors, a tilt sensor, and an ultrasonic sensor are disposed in the sensor case 5.
  • the temperature and humidity sensor and the gas sensor are used to detect environmental information in the cable trench, such as the temperature and humidity in the cable trench, the presence or absence of flammable gas and harmful gas in the cable trench, and the content of flammable gas and harmful gas.
  • the tilt sensor is used to detect the tilt of the robot and prevent the robot from tipping over when it is over obstacle.
  • the ultrasonic sensor is used to detect whether there is partial discharge of the cable, and to repair or replace the cable with hidden danger in time.
  • control box includes a switching power supply, an industrial computer motherboard, a host computer control chip, a hard disk, a video encoder, and an input/output device.
  • Input/output devices include a touchpad, keyboard, knobs, and joysticks.
  • the output device includes a display and an indicator light.
  • the robot can make the robot pass the cables after adjusting the lifting mechanism 3 to lower the center of gravity; when the cable is in the middle of the aisle, the pan/tilt camera 4 is adjusted to the minimum. At the position, the overall height of the robot is minimized, and the robot can pass smoothly.
  • the robot is removed from the current cable well and the cable is retracted from the previous cable well through the cable reel.
  • the two-dimensional bar code is attached to the cable line, and the robot reads the cable groove image information through the camera 404, reads the bar code on the cable line, and identifies and distinguishes each cable in the cable trench through the database in the background. It is easy to realize the management of cables, such as cable manufacturers, construction personnel, date of use, historical damage and maintenance, etc., to improve management quality and efficiency.
  • the control box is connected to the robot through a cable line for supplying power to the robot and controlling the robot.
  • the robot system of the present invention adopts wired communication method, which has many advantages: high communication quality, good stability, communication with the robot through the cable line, and power supply to the robot, which can avoid the problem of insufficient power of the robot. And can reduce the size of the robot; in the harsh cable trench, the position information of the robot cannot be obtained, and the robot can be positioned roughly by the scale on the cable.
  • the voltage required for each electrical device in the robot is different, wherein the motor of the traveling mechanism needs 24V power supply, the image acquisition device 43 needs 12V power supply, the illumination lamp 6 on the vehicle body 1 and the steering gear of the lifting mechanism need 7.4V power supply, electronic components
  • the lamp 405 requires a 5V power supply, so the 24V is used to power the robot, and then the voltage is converted to supply the respective power devices.
  • the actual voltage supplied to the robot from the control box is 28V or 32V.
  • the robot combines sealing in a variety of ways: the robot bushing parts and the disc cover parts are sealed with a sealing ring, the box parts are sealed with a sealant; all the bearings are double-sided contact rubber sealed bearings; the motor of the running mechanism,
  • the pan-tilt camera device 4, the elevator gear, the illumination lamp 6 and the vehicle body 1 are connected by a gland with an O-ring, and the sensor box 5 and the cable are connected to the vehicle body 1 through an aviation socket.
  • the pipeline ditch detecting robot and the system thereof provided by the embodiments of the present invention are not only simple in structure, complete in function, convenient in operation, but also applicable to cable trenches with complicated conditions.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

一种管道沟渠检测机器人系统,包括机器人、控制箱以及连接机器人和控制箱的电缆线。机器人包括车身(1)、行走机构、升降机构(3)以及云台摄像设备(4),车身的侧面呈上大下小的梯形,行走机构为位于车身两侧的两套履带式行走机构。每套履带式行走机构包括一个驱动轮(22)、一个导向轮(23)、两个托带轮(24)、多个支重轮(25)以及套在驱动轮、导向轮、托带轮和支重轮上的一条履带(21)。驱动轮和导向轮安装在车身的上部两端,托带轮安装在驱动轮和导向轮之间,支重轮安装在车身下端以承载车身及其上的元件。上述系统结构简单、功能齐全、操作方便,能适应更多复杂情况。

Description

一种管道沟渠检测机器人及其系统 技术领域
本发明属于移动机器人领域,尤其涉及一种用于电缆检测的管道沟渠检测机器人及其系统。
背景技术
随着我国电力需求量不断增大、电网规模的不断扩大,地下电缆的应用也越来越广泛,相应的电缆故障发生的频率也越来越高。电缆敷设于电缆沟内,难以对其进行实时检测,所以以往都是电缆发生故障后通过仪器对故障点的测距和查找进而对电缆进行维修。这种方法不能避免电缆故障的发生及相应的经济损失,另外,电缆沟长时间无人看管,电缆沟又环境恶劣,增加了检修人员的危险,因此,必须对电缆沟内的情况进行定期检测,检查出已有的和潜在的故障,避免事故发生。电缆沟空间狭小、环境恶劣、可能存在诸多安全隐患,传统的检查方式是人工进入电缆沟进行检查,其缺点是工人劳动强度大、面临恶劣环境的危险、检测到的信息不便于后续查阅与管理。
管道沟渠检测机器人系统作为有效的检测设备,替代工人进入电缆沟检测,得到了越来越多的应用。
目前已有的机器人的核心结构基本上都是移动载体上搭载摄像头,加上后台用于控制机器人工作的控制箱。例如:中国专利申请公开第CN101468664A号(简称‘664号)所涉及的电缆隧道危险环境小型履带检查机器人系统、中国专利申请公开第CN102354925A(简称 ‘925号)号所涉及的一种可实现隧(管)道巡检的机器人、以及中国专利申请公开第CN101915339A号(简称 ‘339号)所涉及的一种管道机器人。这些机器人不仅结构复杂,而且性能上仍存在一些不足:‘664号和‘925号所揭露的机器人结构较为复杂,机器人后退时无法越障,而且该机器人的云台不具备云台升降功能,虽然能用于电缆隧道的检测,但在空间狭小的电缆沟内使用时则效果不理想。‘339号所揭露的机器人越障性能较差,虽然其具备云台手动升级功能,可适用于不同管径的管道或沟渠,但是云台的升降需手动操作,且云台的可升降的范围仍十分有限。
技术问题
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于,提供一种管道沟渠检测机器人及其系统,其结构简单、功能齐全、操作方便,且能适用于情况复杂的沟渠或管道。
技术解决方案
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供一种管道沟渠检测机器人,包括车身、协助车身行进的行走机构、升降机构以及支撑在升降机构上的云台摄像设备。所述车身的侧面呈上大下小的梯形。所述行走机构为位于车身两侧的两套履带式行走机构。每套履带式行走机构包括一个驱动轮、一个导向轮、两个托带轮、多个支重轮以及套在驱动轮、导向轮、托带轮和支重轮上的一条履带。所述驱动轮和导向轮安装在车身的上部两端,所述导带轮安装在驱动轮和导向轮之间,所述支重轮安装在车身下端以承载车身及车身上的元件。
进一步地,其中一履带式行走机构的驱动轮位于机器人行进方向的后方,导向轮位于机器人行进方向的前方;另一履带式行走机构的驱动轮位于机器人行进方向的前方,导向轮位于机器人行进方向的后方。
进一步地,两套履带式行走机构分别位于车身左侧和右侧并由各自对应的行走电机独立驱动。
进一步地,所述车身为独立的模块,其上设置照明灯和吊环;所述照明灯朝向机器人正前方设置;所述驱动轮、导向轮、托带轮以及支重轮分别通过支架独立地固定在车身上。
进一步地,所述升降机构包括连接在车身上表面的升降支座、用于支撑云台摄像设备的云台支座以及活动地连接升降支座和云台支座的两连杆;所述升降机构可在机身上方以及机身前方的范围内旋转,从而带动云台摄像设备在机身上方以及机身前方的位置范围内平移。
进一步地,所述两连杆与升降支座相连的两连接轴一前一后地设置,且前轴比后轴位置低;所述两连杆与云台支座相连的两连接轴也一前一后地设置,且前轴比后轴位置低;所述两连杆为相向设置的折线型的连杆,且每一连杆的内角为钝角,从而避免两连杆之间产生干涉。
进一步地,所述云台摄像设备包括旋转机构、俯仰机构以及图像获取装置;所述旋转机构包括旋转电机,带动俯仰机构旋转,从而使图像获取装置跟随俯仰机构在水平方向上旋转;所述俯仰机构包括俯仰电机、同步带以及同步带轮,带动图像获取装置在竖直方向上进行俯仰运动;所述图像获取装置工作时获取电缆沟内的图像信息和贴在电缆线上的二维条码信息,所述照明灯安装在摄像头旁边并与摄像头同方向安置。
进一步地,所述管道沟渠检测机器人的最大长度为700毫米、最大宽度为260毫米、最大高度为280毫米。
本发明还提供一种管道沟渠检测机器人系统,包括前述管道沟渠检测机器人、控制管道沟渠检测机器人的控制箱以及用于连接管道沟渠检测机器人和控制箱的电缆线。
进一步地,所述控制箱包括开关电源、工控机主板、上位机控制芯片、硬盘、视频编码器和输入/输出设备;所述输入/输出设备包括触摸板、键盘、旋钮、摇杆;所述输出设备包括显示屏和指示灯。
有益效果
与现有技术相比较,本发明所提供的管道沟渠检测机器人及其系统,不仅结构简单、功能齐全、操作方便,而且能适用于情况复杂的沟渠或管道。
附图说明
图1是本发明的实施例所提供的管道沟渠检测机器人系统的系统框图;
图2是本发明的实施例所提供的机器人的控制箱的结构框图;
图3是本发明的实施例所提供的管道沟渠检测机器人系统的结构示意图;
图4是本发明的实施例所提供的管道沟渠检测机器人系统的云台升降机构的工作示意图;
图5是本发明的实施例所提供的管道沟渠检测机器人系统的云台摄像设备的结构示意图。
本发明的实施方式
为了使本发明所要解决的技术问题、技术方案及有益效果更加清楚明白,以下结合附图及实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
本发明所涉及的管道沟渠检测机器人系统,主要用于替代工人进入电缆沟对电缆和电缆沟环境进行检测及对数据的管理,或者用户检测排水管道、石油管道等,下面以将机器人用于电缆沟为例对本发明进行详细阐述。
请参看图1,本发明的实施例所提供的管道沟渠检测机器人系统包括机器人、控制箱、以及连接机器人和控制箱的电缆线。机器人的各个模块相互独立,方便拆装,也利于后续改进。电缆线的表面标有刻度,能够在机器人无法通过超声波测距来定位的情况下,通过电缆线上的刻度来得知机器人的行进距离和进行粗略的定位。请同时参看图3,机器人包括车身1、协助车身1行进的行走机构、设置在车身1上端的升降机构3、支撑在升降机构3上的云台摄像设备4、安装在车身1上的传感器盒5以及安装在车身1前端的照明灯6。照明灯6朝向机器人前进的正前方设置,照明灯6为亮度可调的聚光灯,其亮度高,用于整个电缆沟环境的照明。
车身1为一个独立的模块,除了方便机器人其他部件的安装和固定外,其内放置驱动器、电压转换模块、下位机控制芯片等电子元器件。机身1上端还设有便于将机器人放入或吊出电缆沟吊环8。机身1还设有航空插座7,机器人通过航空插座7与电缆线配合,从而与控制箱连接。车身1的侧面呈上大下小的梯形,机器人的最大长度约为700毫米、最大宽度约为260毫米、最大高度约为280毫米。
机器人的行走机构包括两套履带式行走机构,两套履带式行走机构分别位于车身左侧和右侧并由各自对应的行走电机(图未示出)独立驱动,且其中一侧的履带式行走机构为前轮驱动,另一侧为后轮驱动。每套履带式行走机构其包括一条履带21、一个驱动轮22、一个导向轮23、两个托带轮24、多个支重轮25以及一个履带轮支架/履带轮。驱动轮22和导向轮23安装在车身1的上部两端,导带轮24安装在驱动轮22和导向轮23之间,支重轮25安装在车身下端,以承载车身1及车身1上的元件。本实施例中,支重轮25为四个,具体可根据车身长度及机器人重量来设计支重轮25的数量。驱动轮22、导向轮23、托带轮24以及支重轮25分别通过支架独立地固定在车身1上,履带21套在驱动轮22、导向轮23、托带轮24以及支重轮25上。行走电机(图未示出)通过轴和平键直接与驱动轮22连接,省去齿轮和蜗轮蜗杆等结构,简化机器人结构,节省机器人占用空间并能提高传动效率。本实施例中,车身左侧的履带式行走机构的驱动轮22位于机器人行进方向的后方,导向轮23位于机器人行进方向的前方;车身右侧的履带式行走机构的驱动轮22位于机器人行进方向的前方,导向轮23位于机器人行进方向的后方。由于车身左侧和右侧的驱动轮22和导向轮23的这种设计,机器人不仅能够完成前进、后退的动作,而且在前进和后退时均能实现越障行进。当两侧的履带行进速度不同时,还能实现机器人的差速转向。
升降机构3为平行四边形机构,其连接在车身1上表面,并包括升降支座31、两连杆32以及云台支座33。升降机构3通过舵机带动其连杆32旋转,云台摄像设备4安装在云台支座33上,从而使固定在连杆32上的云台摄像设备4实现升降,并且能使云台摄像设备4在升降过程中始终是平行移动。升降机构3的连杆32的两端通过连接轴34与升降支座31和云台支座33可活动地连接。其中,连杆32与升降支座31相连的两连接轴34一前一后地设置,且前轴比后轴位置低;连杆32与云台支座33相连的两连接轴34也一前一后地设置,且前轴比后轴位置低。连接轴34的这种设计方式,使得升降机构3的机架向前下方倾斜,可以使升降机构3降低到更低的位置,提高机器人的检测范围,还可以减小机器人的总体尺寸。连杆32为折线型的且相向设置,连杆32的内角为钝角,从而能够在一定程度上避免两个连杆32之间产生干涉,进一步保障升降机构3能降低到更低的位置。
请同时参看图4,升降机构3可以在机身1上方以及机身1前方的范围内旋转,从而带动云台摄像设备4在机身1上方以及机身1前方的位置范围内平移。具体地,升降机构3主要有四种工况。工况①为升降机构3升至最高点的状况,在对最高层的电缆进行详细检测时需要使用;工况②为升降机构3升至较高处的状况,机器人大多数时间处于此状况;工况③为升降机构3处于水平时的状况,主要是越障时使用;工况④为升降机构3降至最低点的状况,当电缆沟中有电缆横在过道半空中时需要使用。
请同时参看图5,云台摄像设备4连接在升降机构3的云台支座33上,其具有水平方向和竖直方向上的两个自由度。云台摄像设备4包括旋转机构41、俯仰机构42以及图像获取装置43。旋转机构41设置在云台支座33上,俯仰机构42设置在旋转机构41上,而图像获取装置43安装在俯仰机构42上。旋转机构41其包括旋转电机401,旋转电机401为扁平式旋转步进电机,带动俯仰机构42旋转,从而使图像获取装置43跟随俯仰机构42在水平方向上旋转,旋转机构41的工作角度为0°~360°。俯仰机构42包括俯仰电机402、同步带403、同步带轮(未标号);俯仰电机402为舵机,通过同步带轮、同步带403、摄像头连接轴带动图像获取装置43在竖直方向上进行俯仰运动,实现图像获取装置43的俯仰功能,俯仰机构42的工作角度为-15°~90°。图像获取装置43包括摄像头404和照明灯405。摄像头404具有光学变焦功能,照明灯405安装在摄像头404旁边并且与摄像头404同方向安置,照明灯405为亮度可调的泛光灯,亮度中等,为摄像头404所获取图像信息的地方提供适度的照明,以便获取最佳效果的图像。具体实施时,该图像获取装置43也可采用搭载红外灯的红外摄像头或者采用红外热像仪,同样可以达到获取电缆沟内的图像信息以及电缆上的二维码信息。
可见,升降机构3和云台摄像设备4为图像获取装置43提供了三个方向的自由度,机器人可以获取电缆沟内各层电缆的更多图像信息,对电缆沟实现更大范围的检查。机器人在车身1前方的照明灯6以及图像获取装置43上的照明灯405为电缆沟提供环境照明的情况下,通过可光学变焦的摄像头404获取到高质量的电缆沟图像信息。
传感器盒5内设置温湿度传感器、各种气体传感器、倾角传感器以及超声波传感器。其中,温湿度传感器和气体传感器用于检测电缆沟内的环境信息,比如用电缆沟内的温湿度、电缆沟内有无可燃气体及有害气体以及可燃气体及有害气体的含量等信息。倾角传感器用于检测机器人的倾斜情况,防止机器人越障时倾覆。超声波传感器用于检测电缆是否存在局部放电,一边及时对存在隐患的电缆进行维修或更换。
请同时参看图2,控制箱包括开关电源、工控机主板、上位机控制芯片、硬盘、视频编码器和输入/输出设备。输入/输出设备包括触摸板、键盘、旋钮、摇杆。输出设备包括显示屏和指示灯。
在工作时,将控制箱、电缆线、机器人、电源连接好,启动机器人系统,通过吊环8将机器人从电缆井放入电缆沟,机器人的各类传感器开始检测电缆沟的环境信息,同时摄像头404开始检测电缆沟图像信息,并将各数据传回控制箱后在显示屏中显示。当机器人发现存在异常状况时,相应的指示灯会闪烁报警。通过控制箱的操作,机器人开始前进,当工作人员通过获取的电缆沟图像信息发现电缆存在问题或者有二维码的地方时,通过云台升降机构3调整云台摄像设备4的高度,并调节摄像头404的旋转和俯仰角度,使机器人能够获取到效果最好的图像。当电缆沟地面上有电缆时,机器人在通过调节升降机构3来降低重心后使机器人能够越过这些电缆;当电缆沟中有电缆横在过道的半空中时,将云台摄像设备4调节到最低位置处,将机器人整体高度降到最低,机器人便能够较为顺利的通过。当一段电缆沟检测完后,将机器人从当前电缆井取出,电缆线则通过电缆卷盘从先前的电缆井收回。
本发明中,采用在电缆线上贴二维条码,机器人通过摄像头404获取电缆沟图像信息的同时,读取电缆线上的条码,通过后台的数据库来辨别和区分电缆沟里面的每一条电缆,便于实现对电缆的管理,例如电缆线的生产厂商、施工人员、投入使用日期、历史受损及维修情况等,提高管理质量和效率。
本发明中,控制箱通过电缆线与机器人连接,用于给机器人提供电力并对机器人进行控制。相对于无线通讯来说,本发明的机器人系统采用有线通讯方式有诸多优点:通信质量高、稳定性好、通过电缆线与机器人通信的同时,还可以给机器人供电,可以避免机器人电力不足的问题,并能减小机器人的体积;在环境恶劣的电缆沟内,无法获取机器人的位置信息,通过电缆线上的刻度可以粗略的对机器人进行定位。
机器人中各用电器件所需的电压不同,其中行走机构的电机需要24V供电,图像获取装置43要12V供电,车身1上的照明灯6和升降机构的舵机需要7.4V供电,电子元器件和照明灯405需要5V供电,因此采用24V给机器人供电,再通过电压转换之后供给各用电器件。采用有线通信和供电时,会存在电压降,因此从控制箱给机器人实际提供的电压为28V或32V。
电缆沟底部常常存在积水,而机器人的机身1里的电子元器件是机器人的核心部分,需要有良好的防水密封性能。本机器人采用多种方式组合密封:机器人轴套类零件和盘盖类零件采用密封圈密封,箱体类零件采用密封胶密封;所有轴承均采用双面接触式橡胶密封轴承;行走机构的电机、云台摄像设备4、升降舵机、照明灯6与车身1通过带O型圈的格兰头连接,传感器盒5、电缆线与车身1通过航空插座连接。
总的来说,本发明的实施例所提供的管道沟渠检测机器人及其系统,不仅结构简单、功能齐全、操作方便,而且能适用于情况复杂的电缆沟。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种管道沟渠检测机器人,包括车身、协助车身行进的行走机构、升降机构以及支撑在升降机构上的云台摄像设备,其特征在于:所述车身的侧面呈上大下小的梯形;所述行走机构为位于车身两侧的两套履带式行走机构;每套履带式行走机构包括一个驱动轮、一个导向轮、两个托带轮、多个支重轮以及套在驱动轮、导向轮、托带轮和支重轮上的一条履带;所述驱动轮和导向轮安装在车身的上部两端,所述导带轮安装在驱动轮和导向轮之间,所述支重轮安装在车身下端以承载车身及车身上的元件。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的管道沟渠检测机器人,其特征在于:其中一履带式行走机构的驱动轮位于机器人行进方向的后方,导向轮位于机器人行进方向的前方;另一履带式行走机构的驱动轮位于机器人行进方向的前方,导向轮位于机器人行进方向的后方。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的管道沟渠检测机器人,其特征在于:两套履带式行走机构分别位于车身左侧和右侧并由各自对应的行走电机独立驱动。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的管道沟渠检测机器人,其特征在于:所述车身为独立的模块,其上设置照明灯和吊环;所述照明灯朝向机器人正前方设置;所述驱动轮、导向轮、托带轮以及支重轮分别通过支架独立地固定在车身上。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的管道沟渠检测机器人,其特征在于:所述升降机构包括连接在车身上表面的升降支座、支撑云台摄像设备的云台支座以及活动地连接升降支座和云台支座的两连杆;所述升降机构可在机身上方以及机身前方的范围内旋转,从而带动云台摄像设备在机身上方以及机身前方的位置范围内平移。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的管道沟渠检测机器人,其特征在于:所述两连杆与升降支座相连的两连接轴一前一后地设置,且前轴比后轴位置低;所述两连杆与云台支座相连的两连接轴也一前一后地设置,且前轴比后轴位置低;所述两连杆为相向设置的折线型的连杆,且每一连杆的内角为钝角,从而避免两连杆之间产生干涉。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的管道沟渠检测机器人,其特征在于:所述云台摄像设备包括旋转机构、俯仰机构以及图像获取装置;所述旋转机构包括旋转电机,带动俯仰机构旋转,从而使图像获取装置跟随俯仰机构在水平方向上旋转;所述俯仰机构包括俯仰电机、同步带以及同步带轮,带动图像获取装置在竖直方向上进行俯仰运动;所述图像获取装置工作时获取电缆沟内的图像信息和贴在电缆线上的二维条码信息,所述照明灯安装在摄像头旁边并与摄像头同方向安置。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的管道沟渠检测机器人,其特征在于:所述管道沟渠检测机器人的最大长度为700毫米、最大宽度为260毫米、最大高度为280毫米。
  9. 一种管道沟渠检测机器人系统,包括如权利要求1-8任一项所述的管道沟渠检测机器人、控制管道沟渠检测机器人的控制箱以及连接管道沟渠检测机器人和控制箱的电缆线。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的管道沟渠检测机器人系统,其特征在于:所述控制箱包括开关电源、工控机主板、上位机控制芯片、硬盘、视频编码器和输入/输出设备;所述输入/输出设备包括触摸板、键盘、旋钮、摇杆;所述输出设备包括显示屏和指示灯。
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