WO2015199139A1 - 磁気冷凍装置 - Google Patents
磁気冷凍装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015199139A1 WO2015199139A1 PCT/JP2015/068223 JP2015068223W WO2015199139A1 WO 2015199139 A1 WO2015199139 A1 WO 2015199139A1 JP 2015068223 W JP2015068223 W JP 2015068223W WO 2015199139 A1 WO2015199139 A1 WO 2015199139A1
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- amr
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- refrigerant
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B21/00—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2321/00—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
- F25B2321/002—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects by using magneto-caloric effects
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2321/00—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
- F25B2321/002—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects by using magneto-caloric effects
- F25B2321/0022—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects by using magneto-caloric effects with a rotating or otherwise moving magnet
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a magnetic refrigeration apparatus suitable for use in a building air conditioning system, an air conditioner for air conditioning in an individual room, a car air conditioner, a refrigerator, and the like, and more specifically, a CFC substitute refrigerant effective for protecting the ozone layer in the atmosphere.
- the present invention relates to a magnetic refrigeration apparatus using a refrigerant that meets the regulations on fluorine-based greenhouse gases.
- the magnetic refrigeration method is a method of obtaining the refrigeration temperature width and the refrigeration capacity by effectively propagating the magnetocaloric effect of the magnetic material by the heat exchange fluid and driving a predetermined refrigeration cycle. This is generally referred to as an AMR (Active Magnetic Regenerator) refrigeration method, and is widely recognized as an indispensable method in magnetic refrigeration at high temperatures, particularly at room temperature (Patent Documents 1 and 2). And Patent Document 3).
- AMR Active Magnetic Regenerator
- a conventionally known AMR apparatus is filled with a magnetic body 12 formed into a granular shape or the like in a cylindrical container 10 and a refrigerant 11 as a heat exchange fluid (water or ethylene glycol) flows through the inside thereof.
- a refrigerant 11 as a heat exchange fluid (water or ethylene glycol) flows through the inside thereof.
- this container is referred to as an AMR container.
- Pistons 14 a and 14 b for driving the refrigerant 11 are provided at both ends of the AMR container 10.
- the two pistons 14 a and 14 b move in the direction of arrow C, and the refrigerant 11 flows inside the magnetic body 12.
- One end of the AMR container 10 is on the low temperature side, and the other end is on the high temperature side.
- a typical AMR apparatus applies a magnetic field to a magnetic body 22 held in an AMR container 20 by a permanent magnet 24 or the like, and uses pistons (not shown) installed at both ends of the container.
- the heat exchange fluid flows. That is, as an initial state, the magnetic body 22 is positioned in the middle of the AMR container 20 (FIG. 2A). The temperature of the magnetic body 22 is uniform.
- a magnetic field is applied to the magnetic body 22 in the AMR container 20 by the magnetic field generator 24 installed outside the AMR container 10 (FIG. 2B). The temperature of the magnetic body 22 is uniformly increased from the initial state.
- the magnetic body 22 moves in the direction of the arrow in the AMR container 20 and reaches the low temperature side, which is one end in the AMR container 20 (FIG. 2C). Since the refrigerant 21 and the magnetic body 22 exchange heat, a temperature gradient is generated in the magnetic body 22, and the right end in the figure is the lowest and the left end is the highest.
- the magnetic field generator 24 is demagnetized (FIG. 2D).
- the temperature of the magnetic body 22 decreases uniformly while maintaining the temperature gradient formed in the process of FIG.
- the magnetic body 22 moves in the direction of the arrow on the opposite side within the AMR container 20 by a restoring force such as a spring, for example, and reaches the high temperature side which is the other end in the AMR container 20 (FIG. 2E )). Due to the movement of the magnetic body 22, the refrigerant 21 and the magnetic body 22 exchange heat, and the temperature gradient is further increased.
- a temperature gradient is formed in the AMR container 20 such that the right end is the lowest and the left end is the highest. If a heat exchange part is installed in both ends, the freezing effect will be acquired.
- the conventional AMR method has the following problems.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a magnetic refrigeration apparatus that improves the refrigeration capacity and the refrigeration efficiency by improving the heat exchange method between the magnetic material and the heat exchange fluid and devising the magnetic field application method.
- the magnetic refrigeration apparatus of the present invention includes a cylindrical AMR container 30 containing refrigerants 31 a and 31 b therein, and two magnetic bodies provided in the axial direction of the AMR container 30.
- 32a and 32b which are configured to be movable in the axial direction of the AMR container 30, and are positioned so as to face the two magnetic bodies made of the magnetocaloric effect material and the two magnetic bodies of the AMR container 30.
- a rotary motion unit (not shown) that rotates the shaft 35 and the permanent magnet or the AMR container 30 about the rotary shaft 35, and the permanent magnet and the two magnetic bodies are accompanied by the rotational motion.
- Approach and And a rotational movement section repeating the removal, and the refrigerant and the magnetic body inside the AMR container 30 characterized by generating a temperature difference AMR vessel by heat exchange.
- the magnet rotary motion unit has two magnet mounting plates positioned facing the upper side and the lower side of the AMR container 30, and the two magnet mounting plates are the same. It is preferable to have at least two permanent magnets positioned opposite to the two magnetic bodies.
- the magnetic reciprocation unit 36 further reciprocates the two magnetic bodies in the axial direction, wherein one of the magnetic bodies is in the AMR container. When moving outward in the axial direction, it is preferable that the other magnetic body be provided with the magnetic body reciprocating unit that is driven to move outward.
- the high temperature side heat exchange units 40a and 40b provided on both ends of the AMR container 30 and the low temperature side heat exchange units 38a and 38b provided on the rotating shaft side of the AMR container 30 are provided. It is good to have more.
- the plurality of AMR containers 30 are arranged so as to form the same layer around the rotation shaft 35, and are opposed to above and below the layer in which the plurality of AMR containers are arranged.
- the two magnet mounting plates have at least two permanent magnets positioned opposite to the AMR container 30, and the number of the permanent magnets mounted is two.
- the number of the AMR containers 30 is preferably small compared to twice the number of the AMR containers 30 arranged.
- the magnetic refrigeration apparatus includes a cylindrical AMR container containing a refrigerant therein and two magnetic bodies provided in the axial direction of the AMR container, and moves in the axial direction of the AMR container.
- a magnetic material reciprocating unit configured to reciprocate in the axial direction the two magnetic bodies made of a magnetocaloric effect material, wherein the reciprocating motion is When the magnetic body is moving outward in the axial direction of the AMR container, the magnetic body reciprocating unit that drives so that the other magnetic body also moves outward, and the magnetic field is applied and removed to generate magnetic force.
- a magnetic field application / removal mechanism that drives the magnetic body by the generated magnetic force, and generates a temperature difference in the AMR container through heat exchange between the magnetic body and the refrigerant inside the AMR container. It is characterized by doing.
- the magnetic field application / removal mechanism has at least two permanent magnets located opposite to the two magnetic bodies of the AMR container.
- the magnetic body reciprocating unit is an elastic body provided between the two magnetic bodies.
- the magnetic body reciprocating unit is an actuator provided between the two magnetic bodies and extending and contracting in the axial direction.
- the magnetic refrigeration apparatus of the present invention includes, as shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B, for example, cylindrical first and second AMR containers 91 and 92 each containing a refrigerant,
- the containers 91 and 92 are coupled to intersect each other at the axial center, and the refrigerant is movable between the AMR containers 91 and 92 through the coupling part.
- two magnetic bodies made of a magnetocaloric effect material arranged in the axial direction with the coupling portion interposed therebetween, and the refrigerant arranged at both ends of each of the AMR containers 91 and 92 are fixed.
- a driving device that performs an expansion / contraction operation that compresses or sucks while maintaining the volume of the gas, a low-temperature side heat exchange unit that is installed in the coupling unit, and a high-temperature side heat exchange unit that is installed at both ends of the AMR containers 91 and 92
- a small number of AMR containers 91 and 92 are positioned opposite to the two magnetic bodies. Both of the two permanent magnets, a rotation axis perpendicular to the AMR containers 91 and 92 provided in the coupling portion, and the permanent magnet or the AMR containers 91 and 92 are rotated about the rotation axis.
- the permanent magnet and the magnetic body are provided with a rotary motion unit that repeats approaching and detaching, and when the AMR container 91 approaches the permanent magnet, the driving devices at both ends of the AMR container 92 perform the compression operation and simultaneously perform the AMR.
- the driving devices at both ends of the container 91 perform a suction operation, and then when the AMR container approaches the permanent magnet 92, the driving devices at both ends of the AMR container 91 perform a compression operation and simultaneously the driving devices at both ends of the AMR container 92.
- the rotary motion unit has two magnet mounting plates positioned facing the upper side and the lower side of the first or second AMR container.
- the magnet mounting plate preferably has at least two permanent magnets positioned opposite to the two magnetic bodies.
- the driving device at the end of the first or second AMR container includes a piston in contact with the refrigerant and an actuator or a spring that expands and contracts the piston in the axial direction. It should be power.
- the magnetic refrigeration apparatus of the present invention has the following effects. 1) AMR cycle consisting of two magnetic materials can be driven by one magnetic field operation. 2) Since the magnetic body is driven by the restoring force of the elastic body that connects the magnetic force and the magnetic body, a mechanism for driving the magnetic body from the outside is unnecessary. 3) The heat exchange fluid is stationary with respect to the magnetic material in the AMR container, and no external drive is required, and the structure becomes simple. 4) The speed of the cycle can be easily increased by rotating the member mounting the AMR container or the permanent magnet.
- FIG. 1 It is a block diagram which shows the conventionally well-known reciprocating type AMR apparatus. It is a figure explaining operation
- FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the other typical AMR apparatus well-known conventionally.
- FIG. 1 It is a block diagram which shows the 5th Embodiment of this invention, is an apparatus which laminated
- FIG. 4A and 4B are configuration cross-sectional views showing a horizontally opposed two-cylinder AMR apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4A shows an excited state
- FIG. 4B shows a demagnetized state.
- the movements of the left and right cylinder-type magnetic bodies 32a and 32b corresponding to the two cylinders face each other on the same axis, and the respective magnetic bodies are subjected to the primary vibration and the secondary. It has a structure that cancels out vibrations.
- razor movement (couple vibration) due to couple is also canceled.
- the horizontally opposed two-cylinder AMR device has a structure in which series cylinder-type magnetic bodies that are 180 degrees out of phase are combined on the left and right.
- the horizontally opposed 2-cylinder type is an AMR device with good vibration characteristics that balances primary vibration, secondary vibration, and couple vibration as well as the in-line 2-cylinder type with a long overall length of the AMR device.
- a typical AMR apparatus is an AMR device with good vibration characteristics that balances primary vibration, secondary vibration, and couple vibration as well as the in-line 2-cylinder type with a long overall length of the AMR device.
- the AMR container 30 is a container whose inside is filled with one each of the left and right magnetic bodies 32a and 32b and the refrigerants 31a and 31b.
- a non-magnetic material is used.
- a metal such as aluminum or a resin such as plastic can be used.
- the refrigerants 31a and 31b have a function of transporting heat generated by the magnetocaloric effect, and for example, water or an antifreeze such as an ethylene glycol aqueous solution is used.
- a chamber for accommodating each magnetic body is formed by the low-temperature side heat exchange sections 38a and 38b positioned between the left and right magnetic bodies 32a and 32b.
- the magnetic bodies 32a and 32b are, for example, magnetic containers filled with magnetic particles having a magnetocaloric effect, and the movements of each one of the left and right magnetic bodies are opposed on the same axis.
- the magnetic particles are, for example, Gd (gadolinium).
- the magnetic bodies 32a and 32b are configured to be movable in the AMR container 30, and a mode of moving in a direction approaching each other (FIG. 4A) and a mode of moving in a direction away from each other (FIG. 4A).
- FIG. 4B is repeated alternately. As shown in FIGS.
- the magnetic bodies 32a and 32b move in the direction of white arrows A and B in the AMR container 30, and the permanent magnets 34a1, 34a2, 34b1, and 34b2 are close to each other.
- the permanent magnets 34a1, 34a2, 34b1, 34b2 are separated from each other, the magnetic bodies 32a, 32b are located on the both end portions 40a, 40b side. And both ends of the magnetic bodies 32a and 32b have mesh-like partition plates so that the magnetic particles can be relatively moved while the magnetic particles are held in the container.
- a non-magnetic material is used as the material of the magnetic container constituting the magnetic bodies 32a and 32b.
- a metal such as aluminum or a resin such as plastic can be used.
- Permanent magnets 34a1, 34a2, 34b1, and 34b2 that are components of the magnetic field application / removal mechanism are provided on the outside of the AMR container 30. It is provided so as to be sandwiched between 34a2, 34b1, and 34b2, and constitutes a magnetic circuit.
- the permanent magnets 34a1 and 34b1 are installed, for example, on a disk (not shown) located on the upper side of the AMR container 30.
- the permanent magnets 34a2 and 34b2 are installed on a disk (not shown) located on the lower side of the AMR container 30.
- the rotating mechanism may rotate the two-disc set on which the permanent magnets 34a1, 34a2, 34b1, and 34b2 are placed, and the AMR container 30 may be fixed, and the AMR container 30 may be fixed to the two-disc set. It may be rotated in the opposite direction. Furthermore, the permanent magnets 34a1, 34a2, 34b1, and 34b2 may be moved in the thickness direction of the AMR container 30 to alternately generate an excited state and a demagnetized state. When the permanent magnets 34a1, 34a2, 34b134b2 move, it is possible to apply and remove a magnetic field to the magnetic bodies 32a, 32b. Further, it is possible to generate magnetic torque in the same direction as the moving direction of the permanent magnets 34a1, 34a2, 34b134b2 and the magnetic bodies 32a, 32b with respect to the magnetic bodies 32a, 32b.
- the magnetic body reciprocating unit 36 is provided in the middle of the left and right low temperature side heat exchanging units 38a and 38b.
- the magnetic body reciprocating unit 36 is driven by the driving force of the magnetic body reciprocating unit 36 and the magnetic torque of the permanent magnets 34a1, 34a2, 34b134b2. 32a and 32b oppose on the same axis and expand and contract in the axial direction.
- the magnetic body reciprocating unit 36 may be a driving device such as an actuator, or may be an elastic body such as a coil spring (spring spring). When the magnetic body reciprocating part 36 is an elastic body, the driving force is a restoring force (elastic force) of the spring.
- the low-temperature side heat exchange units 38a and 38b and the high-temperature side heat exchange units 40a and 40b are made of Cu (copper) having high thermal conductivity, for example, but may be aluminum, stainless steel fins, or stainless steel mesh.
- the heat and cold generated in the refrigerants 31a and 31b in the magnetic refrigeration cycle are transmitted to the low temperature side heat exchange units 38a and 38b and the high temperature side heat exchange units 40a and 40b, respectively.
- the heat is transported from the low temperature side heat exchange units 38a, 38b to the exhaust heat unit, and the high temperature side heat exchange unit 40a, Cold heat is transported from 40b to the cooling section.
- AMR container 30 Inside the AMR container 30, two magnetic bodies 32a and 32b coupled by a magnetic body reciprocating unit 36 such as a spring are installed.
- the inside of the AMR container 30 is filled with heat exchange refrigerants 31a and 31b such as water, and two magnetic bodies (magnetocaloric effect materials) 32a and 32b are arranged symmetrically to rotate the magnetic bodies 32a and 32b.
- the shaft side end portions 38 a and 38 b are connected by an elastic body such as a spring as the magnetic body reciprocating portion 36.
- the AMR container 30 is rotated with respect to the fixed external magnets 34a1, 34a2, 34b1, and 34b2, thereby applying and demagnetizing magnetic fields to the two magnetic bodies 32a and 32b.
- the two magnetic bodies 32a and 32b are symmetrically moved in the magnetic body container 30 by the magnetic force by rotating the AMR container 30. Can move.
- heat exchange with the heat exchange fluids 31a and 31b in the AMR container 30 is performed, and a cycle equivalent to the AMR refrigeration process already described in FIG. 2 is driven.
- the horizontally opposed two-cylinder AMR apparatus having the configuration shown in FIG. 4 low-temperature chilling occurs at the rotation center portions 38a and 38b, and high-temperature exhaust heat is generated at both end portions 40a and 40b.
- the magnetic materials of the two magnetic bodies 32a and 32b move to the end portions 40a and 40b while absorbing heat by the restoring force of the spring 36.
- heat is exchanged with the refrigerant, and cold is generated in the central portion near the rotation shaft 35.
- the heat exchangers 38a and 38b are installed in the center, and the cold can be taken out by flowing a refrigerant of another system from the outside.
- Heat exchangers 40a and 40b are installed at both ends, and the heat can be exhausted by air cooling from outside with a fan or the like.
- FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram showing a second embodiment of the present invention, and is a configuration diagram showing a main part of a device in which two horizontally opposed AMR devices are combined.
- FIG. 5 shows a magnetic refrigeration apparatus in which two horizontally opposed two-cylinder AMR apparatuses shown in FIG. 1 are combined at different phases.
- the AMR containers 50A and 50B are each provided with two magnetic bodies coupled by a magnetic reciprocating part such as a spring, and the internal state is the same as in FIG. .
- the AMR container 50A is depicted in a horizontal state in FIG. 5, and is positioned so as to overlap with the permanent magnets 54a and 54b.
- the AMR container 50B is positioned in a direction orthogonal to the AMR container 50A, and is positioned away from the permanent magnets 54a and 54b.
- the rotation shaft 55 is a rotation center shaft of a pair of discs (not shown) to which the AMR containers 50A and 50B and the magnets 54a and 54b are attached.
- the magnetic refrigeration apparatus configured in this manner is an apparatus that combines two horizontally opposed AMR apparatuses
- the fixed magnets 54a and 54b are fixed. Pass through. During this passage, the AMR containers 50A and 50B can cancel each other's magnetic force.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a third embodiment of the present invention, which is a block diagram showing a main part of a combination of four horizontally opposed AMR devices, (A) is a plan view, and (B).
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view in the AA direction of (A).
- it is a device in which four horizontally opposed AMR devices are combined, and the cold heat is further transported to the coolers 68 and 70 from the low temperature side heat exchange section provided in each AMR device. Yes. Further, the heat is further transported from the high temperature side heat exchanging section provided in each AMR apparatus to the exhaust heat sections 69 and 72.
- the rotation shaft central portions 65 and 68 of each AMR apparatus are provided as a common member in consideration of heat exchange and driving convenience. Accordingly, when viewed from the center of the rotation axis of the AMR device, it appears that eight single-cylinder AMR devices are provided in a hub-spoke type. An arrow means rotation of the AMR container.
- AMR containers 60A, 60B, 60C, and 60D are each installed with two magnetic bodies coupled by a reciprocating motion part of a magnetic body such as a spring, and the internal state is the same as in FIG. The illustration is omitted.
- the AMR container 60A is depicted in a horizontal state in FIG. 6, and is positioned so as to overlap with the permanent magnets 64Aa and 64Ab.
- the AMR container 60B is positioned in a direction orthogonal to the AMR container 60A, and is positioned so as to overlap with the permanent magnets 64Ba and 64Bb.
- the AMR containers 60C and 60D are positioned at an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the AMR containers 60A and 60B, and are positioned away from the permanent magnets 64Aa, 64Ab, 64Ba, and 64Bb.
- the rotation shaft 65 is a rotation center shaft of a pair of discs (not shown) on which the AMR containers 60A, 60B, 60C, 60D and the magnets 64Aa, 64Ab, 64Ba, 64Bb are mounted.
- the two-disc set is located in the upper or lower direction with respect to the portion where the AMR containers 60A, 60B, 60C, 60D are located.
- the center of the low temperature side heat exchange section 68 is mounted on the rotating shaft 65, and one end of eight single-tube AMR devices is mounted on the outer peripheral surface.
- the high temperature side heat exchanging portion 69 has an annular shape, and the other end of eight single-cylinder AMR devices is mounted on the inner peripheral surface.
- the cooling side heat exchanger 70 cools the refrigerant by flowing the refrigerant through the low temperature side heat exchanging portion 68.
- the exhaust heat side heat exchanger 72 causes the refrigerant to flow through the high temperature side heat exchange unit 69 to exhaust heat.
- the magnetic refrigeration apparatus configured in this manner is an apparatus that combines four horizontally opposed AMR apparatuses
- the AMR containers 60A, 60B, 60C, and 60D are fixed when they rotate in the direction of the arrow. It passes through the permanent magnets 64Aa, 64Ab, 64Ba, 64Bb. During this passage, the AMR containers 60A, 60B, 60C, and 60D can cancel the magnetic force with each other.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a modified example of the third embodiment of the present invention, and is a block diagram showing a main part of a device in which four horizontally opposed AMR devices are combined.
- the arrow means rotation of the permanent magnet
- the AMR container is on the fixed side. That is, as compared with the third embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the relationship between the fixation and rotation of the AMR container and the permanent magnet is reversed.
- whether to rotate the magnet or the AMR container is a relative motion difference, and both the embodiments of FIGS. 6 and 7 can reciprocate the magnetic material, and as a result
- a mechanism difference of the magnetic refrigeration apparatus there is a difference between a type in which the rotating shaft is linked with a magnet (or a structure in which a permanent magnet is installed) or a type linked with an AMR container.
- the magnetic refrigerator composed of four AMR containers cancels out the magnetic force mutually when passing through the fixed magnets.
- a structure can be taken, and it becomes possible to reduce a driving force by arranging two or more AMR containers symmetrically.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing a fourth embodiment of the present invention, and is a block diagram showing a main part of a device in which two horizontally opposed AMR devices are stacked.
- AMR containers 82 and 83 are each provided with two magnetic bodies coupled by a magnetic reciprocating part such as a spring, and the internal state is the same as in FIG.
- the low temperature side heat exchange parts 88 and 89 are provided in the center part, and the high temperature side heat exchange parts 86 and 87 are provided in both ends.
- the AMR container 82 is depicted as being positioned in the upper stage in FIG. 8, and is positioned so as to overlap with the permanent magnets 84a1, 84a2, 84b1, and 84b2.
- the AMR container 83 is located at the lower stage of the AMR container 82 and is located away from the permanent magnets 85a1, 85a2, 85b1, and 85b2.
- the rotation shafts 80 and 81 are rotation center axes of a pair of discs (not shown) to which the AMR containers 82 and 83 or the permanent magnets 84a1, 84a2, 84b1, 84b2, 85a1, 85a2, 85b1, and 85b2 are mounted.
- the rotation shaft 80 and the rotation shaft 81 are connected with a common rotation center axis.
- the low temperature side heat exchanging portion 88 has a rotating shaft 80 attached to the center thereof and an outer peripheral surface attached to the center portion of the AMR container 82.
- the high temperature side heat exchanging portion 86 has, for example, an annular shape, and both end portions of the AMR container 82 are mounted on the inner peripheral surface.
- the low temperature side heat exchanging portion 89 has a rotating shaft 81 attached to the center thereof and an outer peripheral surface attached to the center portion of the AMR container 83.
- the high temperature side heat exchanging portion 87 has, for example, an annular shape, and both end portions of the AMR container 83 are mounted on the inner peripheral surface.
- the cooling side heat exchanger 100 cools by flowing a refrigerant through the low temperature side heat exchanging units 88 and 89.
- the exhaust heat side heat exchanger 102 exhausts heat by flowing a refrigerant through the high temperature side heat exchange units 86 and 87.
- the magnetic refrigeration apparatus configured in this manner is an apparatus in which two horizontally opposed AMR apparatuses are stacked, when the AMR containers 82 and 83 rotate, fixed permanent magnets 84a1,. Pass through. Alternatively, when the permanent magnets 84a1, ..., 85b2 rotate, they pass through the fixed AMR containers 82, 83. Heat exchange takes place during this passage. In the fourth embodiment, since two horizontally opposed AMR devices are stacked, it is easy to increase the refrigerating capacity.
- FIGS. 9A and 9B are configuration diagrams showing a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- the two containers 91 and 92 filled with the magnetic body 90 and the heat exchange fluid are coupled at an intermediate portion so that the heat exchange fluids of the two containers can move relative to each other.
- the magnetic body 90 is fixed to the container, and the heat exchange fluid can move in the container and in the magnetic body 90 by pistons 93 and 94 installed at both ends of the containers 91 and 92.
- the pistons 93 and 94 are driven by reversing the phases, and when the pistons 94 at both ends of the container 92 are pushed, the pistons 93 at both ends of the container 91 are simultaneously moved outward, and the volume of the internal heat exchange fluid is kept constant.
- a driving device such as a restoring force of a spring or an actuator is used for driving the piston.
- FIG. 9A shows a case where the magnet 97 is at the position of the magnetic body 90 of the container 91.
- the piston 94 of the container 92 is driven in the center direction, and at the same time, the piston 93 of the container 91 is driven outward.
- the heat exchange fluid flows in the container 92 as indicated by an arrow 95 and moves to both ends of the container 91 as indicated by an arrow 96 via the coupling portion.
- cold is generated in the coupling portion, and heat generated by the magnetic body in the container 91 moves to both ends of the container 91.
- the magnetic refrigeration apparatus using various horizontally opposed AMR apparatuses has been exemplified, but the present invention is not limited to this, and various design changes can be made within the scope obvious to those skilled in the art. These various design changes are understood to be within the scope of the scope of the present invention.
- the magnetic refrigeration apparatus of the present invention is suitable for use in a refrigeration cooling apparatus ranging from room temperature to a cryogenic temperature range. Specifically, the magnetic refrigeration apparatus of the present invention is suitable for use in air conditioning equipment, refrigerators, freezers, cryogenic refrigerators, and the like.
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Abstract
Description
ここで、磁気冷凍方式とは、磁性体の磁気熱量効果を熱交換流体によって効果的に伝搬し、所定の冷凍サイクルを駆動することによって冷凍温度幅や冷凍能力を得る方法である。これは一般的にAMR(Active Magnetic Regenerator=能動的蓄冷器)冷凍法と呼ばれ、高温領域、特に室温の磁気冷凍において不可欠な方法であると広く認識されている(特許文献1、特許文献2、特許文献3参照)。
即ち、まず初期状態として、磁性体22はAMR容器20内の中ほどに位置する(図2(A))。磁性体22の温度は均一である。次に、AMR容器10の外部に設置された磁場発生装置24によりAMR容器20中の磁性体22に磁場を印加する(図2(B))。磁性体22の温度は均一に、初期状態よりも上昇する。次に、磁性体22はAMR容器20内を矢印方向に移動して、AMR容器20内の一方の端部である低温側に至る(図2(C))。冷媒21と磁性体22が熱交換するため、磁性体22に温度勾配が発生し、図中右端が一番低く左端が一番高くなる。
あるいは、他の典型的なAMR装置の構造としては、図3に示すように、AMR容器10の中で磁性体12をピストン14cで矢印D方向に駆動し、熱交換流体11を磁性体中に流す構造を採用してもよい。このような構造によっても、図2の装置と等価な効果を得ることが出来る。
(i)磁性体や熱交換流体の駆動機構が必要であり、これに伴うエネルギー入力が大きいこと、
(ii)回転型AMRでは高温と低温の熱交換流体の切り替えが必要であり、切り替え時における流体の混合による熱損失が発生すること、
(iii)上述の複雑な駆動装置により冷凍サイクルの周波数を増加することが困難であること。
本発明の磁気冷凍装置において、好ましくは、さらに、前記2個の磁性体を軸方向に往復運動させる磁性体往復運動部36であって、当該往復運動は、一方の磁性体が前記AMR容器の軸方向外側に移動している時は、他方の磁性体も前記外側に移動するように駆動する前記磁性体往復運動部を備えるとよい。
本発明の磁気冷凍装置において、好ましくは、複数のAMR容器30が回転軸35を中心として同一層を形成するように配列され、当該複数のAMR容器を配列した層の上方と下方に対向して位置する2枚の磁石装着板を有し、前記2枚の磁石装着板は其々AMR容器30に対向して位置する少なくとも2個の永久磁石を有すると共に、当該永久磁石の装着個数は2個以上であってAMR容器30の配列個数の2倍と比較して少ない個数であるとよい。
本発明の磁気冷凍装置において、好ましくは、前記磁性体往復運動部は、前記2個の磁性体の間に設けられた弾性体であるとよい。
本発明の磁気冷凍装置において、好ましくは、前記磁性体往復運動部は、前記2個の磁性体の間に設けられた軸方向に伸縮するアクチュエーターであるとよい。
1)2つの磁性体からなるAMRサイクルを1回の磁場操作で駆動できる、
2)磁性体は磁気力と磁性体をつなぐ弾性体の復元力によって駆動されるため、外部から磁性体を駆動する機構が不要である、
3)熱交換流体はAMR容器中で磁性体に対して静止しており外部からの駆動が不要であり、構造が単純になる、
4)AMR容器又は永久磁石を搭載した部材の回転操作によりサイクルの高速化が容易である。
図4は、本発明の一実施の形態を示す水平対向2筒型のAMR装置を示す構成断面図で、(A)は励磁状態、(B)は消磁状態を示している。水平対向2筒型のAMR装置は、2筒に対応する左右各1つのシリンダー型の磁性体32a、32bの運動が同一軸上で対向しており、互いの磁性体が1次振動、2次振動を打ち消し合う構造となっている。さらに偶力によるみそすり運動(偶力振動)もキャンセルされる。水平対向2筒型のAMR装置は、180°位相のずれた直列のシリンダー型の磁性体を左右に組み合わせたような構造である。すなわち水平対向2筒型は、AMR装置全長の長い直列2筒型と同様に1次振動、2次振動、偶力振動ともバランスする振動特性のよいAMR装置であり、小型軽量且つ低振動の理想的なAMR装置となる。
永久磁石34a1、34a2、34b134b2が、移動することにより、磁性体32a、32bへの磁場の印加および除去が可能になる。また、磁性体32a、32bに対し、永久磁石34a1、34a2、34b134b2および磁性体32a、32bの移動方向と同一方向の磁気トルク発生を可能にする。
AMR容器30の内部に、スプリング等の磁性体往復運動部36で結合した2つの磁性体32a、32bを設置する。AMR容器30の内部には、水等の熱交換冷媒31a、31bが充填されていると共に、2つの磁性体(磁気熱量効果材料)32a、32bを対称に配置し、磁性体32a、32bの回転軸側の端部38a、38bを磁性体往復運動部36としてのスプリング等の弾性体で結ぶ。
やや回転軸に近い位置に設置された磁石34a1、34a2、34b1、34b2によって磁場が印加されると、2つの磁性体32a、32bは磁気力によって夫々回転軸側38a、38bへ引き寄せられる。このとき、磁性体32a、32bの磁性材料は磁気熱量効果によって発熱しながら磁性材料の移動によって冷媒と熱交換を行い、AMR容器30の両端部40a、40bには相対的に高い温度の冷媒が停滞する。
(i)一回の磁場操作によって2つの磁気熱量効果材料の磁気冷凍サイクルを駆動できる。そこで、従来の単筒型のAMR装置と比較して、2倍の冷凍効果を発生できる。
(ii)また、冷媒の移動が不要なため、従来の単筒型のAMR装置のような外部に設置された冷媒駆動用のポンプを用いる必要がなく、装置が大幅に簡略化され、これに伴う熱損失の低減や冷凍サイクルの高速化が可能となる。
(iii)2つ以上のAMR容器を磁石に対し適切に配置することによって、磁石に入る時の磁気トルクと磁石から出るときの磁気トルクを相殺することが可能となり、駆動力の低減に大きく寄与する。これは、冷凍効率の増加と等価の意味をもつ。
11、21、31a、31b 冷媒
12、22、32a、32b 磁性体
14a、14b、14c ピストン
24、34a1、34a2、34b1、34b2、54、64、84a1、84a2、84b1、84b2、94a1、85a2、85b1、85b2 磁石
35、55、65、80、81、99 回転軸
36 磁性体往復運動部
50A、50B、60A、60B、60C、60D、82、83 AMR容器
38a、38b、68、88、89 低温側熱交換部
40a、40b、69、86、87 高温側熱交換部
70、100 冷却側熱交換器
72、102 排熱側熱交換器
Claims (12)
- 内部に冷媒を収容している筒型のAMR容器と、
前記AMR容器の軸方向に設けられた2個の磁性体であって、前記AMR容器の軸方向に移動可能に構成されると共に、磁気熱量効果材料よりなる前記2個の磁性体と、
前記AMR容器の2個の磁性体に対向して位置する少なくとも2個の永久磁石と、
前記AMR容器の2個の磁性体の間に位置する回転軸であって、前記少なくとも2個の永久磁石の間に位置する前記回転軸と、
前記永久磁石又は前記AMR容器を前記回転軸を中心として回転運動させる回転運動部であって、当該回転運動に伴って前記永久磁石と前記2個の磁性体は接近と離脱とを繰り返す前記回転運動部と、
を備え、前記AMR容器の内部で前記磁性体と前記冷媒とが熱交換することによりAMR容器内に温度差を発生することを特徴とする磁気冷凍装置。 - 前記回転運動部は、前記AMR容器の上方と下方に対向して位置する2枚の磁石装着板を有し、前記2枚の磁石装着板は其々前記2個の磁性体に対向して位置する少なくとも2個の永久磁石を有することを特徴とする請求項1記載の磁気冷凍装置。
- 請求項1又は2記載の磁気冷凍装置において、さらに、
前記2個の磁性体を前記軸方向に沿って往復運動させる磁性体往復運動部であって、当該往復運動は、一方の磁性体が前記AMR容器の前記軸方向の外側に移動している時は、他方の磁性体も前記外側に移動するように駆動する前記磁性体往復運動部を備えることを特徴とする磁気冷凍装置。 - 前記AMR容器の両端側に設けられる高温側熱交換部と、
前記AMR容器の回転軸側に設けられる低温側熱交換部と、
をさらに有することを特徴とする請求項1乃至3の何れか1項に記載の磁気冷凍装置。 - 複数の前記AMR容器が前記回転軸を中心として同一層を形成するように配列され、
当該複数のAMR容器を配列した層の上方と下方に対向して位置する2枚の磁石装着板を有し、前記2枚の磁石装着板は其々前記AMR容器に対向して位置する少なくとも2個の永久磁石を有すると共に、当該永久磁石の装着個数は2個以上であって前記AMR容器の配列個数の2倍と比較して少ない個数であることを特徴とする請求項4記載の磁気冷凍装置。 - 内部に冷媒を収容している筒型のAMR容器と、
前記AMR容器の軸方向に設けられた2個の磁性体であって、前記AMR容器の前記軸方向に移動可能に構成されると共に、磁気熱量効果材料よりなる前記2個の磁性体と、
前記2個の磁性体を前記軸方向に沿って往復運動させる磁性体往復運動部であって、当該往復運動は、一方の磁性体が前記AMR容器の前記軸方向の外側に移動している時は、他方の磁性体も前記外側に移動するように駆動する前記磁性体往復運動部と、
磁場を印加除去して磁気力を発生させると共に、前記発生した磁気力により前記磁性体を駆動する磁場印加除去機構と、
を備え、前記AMR容器の内部で前記磁性体と前記冷媒とが熱交換することによりAMR容器内に温度差を発生することを特徴とする磁気冷凍装置。 - 前記磁場印加除去機構は、前記AMR容器の2個の磁性体に対向して位置する少なくとも2個の永久磁石を有することを特徴とする請求項6記載の磁気冷凍装置。
- 前記磁性体往復運動部は、前記2個の磁性体の間に設けられた弾性体であることを特徴とする請求項6又は7記載の磁気冷凍装置。
- 前記磁性体往復運動部は、前記2個の磁性体の間に設けられた軸方向に伸縮するアクチュエーターであることを特徴とする請求項6又は7記載の磁気冷凍装置。
- 内部に冷媒を収容している筒型の第1と第2のAMR容器であって、前記第1と第2のAMR容器は其々の軸の中心部で交差して結合され、前記冷媒が前記結合部を通して前記第1と第2のAMR容器の間を移動可能にされた、前記第1と第2のAMR容器と、
前記第1と第2のAMR容器の其々の内部に、前記軸方向に沿って前記結合部を挟んで配置された磁気熱量効果材料よりなる2個の磁性体と、
前記第1と第2のAMR容器の其々の両端部に配置された、前記冷媒を一定の体積を保持したまま圧縮又は吸引する伸縮動作を行う駆動装置と、
前記結合部に設置された低温側熱交換部と、
前記第1と第2のAMR容器の両端部に設置された高温側熱交換部と、
前記第1又は第2のAMR容器の2個の磁性体の其々に対向して位置する少なくとも2個の永久磁石と、
前記結合部に設けた前記第1と第2のAMR容器に垂直な回転軸と、
前記永久磁石又は前記第1と第2のAMR容器を前記回転軸を中心として回転運動させる回転運動部であって、当該回転運動に伴って前記永久磁石と前記磁性体は接近と離脱とを繰り返す前記回転運動部とを含み、
前記第1のAMR容器が前記永久磁石に接近した時に、前記第2のAMR容器の両端の前記駆動装置は圧縮動作を行うと同時に前記第1のAMR容器の両端の前記駆動装置は吸引動作を行い、次に前記第2のAMR容器が前記永久磁石に接近した時に、前記第1のAMR容器の両端の前記駆動装置は圧縮動作を行うと同時に前記第2のAMR容器の両端の前記駆動装置は吸引動作を行い、この動作により、前記冷媒が前記第1と第2のAMR容器内を移動する過程で前記磁性体と前記冷媒とが熱交換する結果、前記第1と第2のAMR容器の前記結合部と前記両端部で温度差を発生させ、前記低温側熱交換部と前記高温側熱交換部により、其々吸熱、発熱を外部に取り出すことを特徴とする磁気冷凍装置。 - 前記回転運動部は、前記第1又は第2のAMR容器の上方と下方に対向して位置する2枚の磁石装着板を有し、前記2枚の磁石装着板は其々前記2個の磁性体に対向して位置する少なくとも2個の永久磁石を有することを特徴とする請求項10記載の磁気冷凍装置。
- 前記第1又は第2のAMR容器の端部の前記駆動装置は、前記冷媒に接したピストンと、当該ピストンを軸方向に伸縮させるアクチュエーター又はスプリングの復元力であることを特徴とする請求項10又は11記載の磁気冷凍装置。
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JPWO2021157735A1 (ja) * | 2020-02-05 | 2021-08-12 | ||
WO2021157735A1 (ja) * | 2020-02-05 | 2021-08-12 | 国立研究開発法人物質・材料研究機構 | 磁気冷凍材料、これを用いたamrベッド、および、磁気冷凍装置 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP3163223A4 (en) | 2018-10-03 |
US10598411B2 (en) | 2020-03-24 |
EP3163223A1 (en) | 2017-05-03 |
EP3163223B1 (en) | 2019-08-07 |
EP3514463B1 (en) | 2021-05-19 |
JP6381150B2 (ja) | 2018-08-29 |
EP3514463A2 (en) | 2019-07-24 |
JPWO2015199139A1 (ja) | 2017-04-20 |
EP3514463A3 (en) | 2019-09-25 |
US20170130999A1 (en) | 2017-05-11 |
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