WO2015199066A1 - エンジンの動弁装置 - Google Patents
エンジンの動弁装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015199066A1 WO2015199066A1 PCT/JP2015/068011 JP2015068011W WO2015199066A1 WO 2015199066 A1 WO2015199066 A1 WO 2015199066A1 JP 2015068011 W JP2015068011 W JP 2015068011W WO 2015199066 A1 WO2015199066 A1 WO 2015199066A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cam
- valve
- rocker arm
- engine
- camshaft
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
- F01L13/0005—Deactivating valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/02—Valve drive
- F01L1/04—Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
- F01L1/047—Camshafts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/02—Valve drive
- F01L1/04—Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
- F01L1/047—Camshafts
- F01L1/053—Camshafts overhead type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/02—Valve drive
- F01L1/04—Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
- F01L1/08—Shape of cams
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
- F01L1/18—Rocking arms or levers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/20—Adjusting or compensating clearance
- F01L1/22—Adjusting or compensating clearance automatically, e.g. mechanically
- F01L1/24—Adjusting or compensating clearance automatically, e.g. mechanically by fluid means, e.g. hydraulically
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/26—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of two or more valves operated simultaneously by same transmitting-gear; peculiar to machines or engines with more than two lift-valves per cylinder
- F01L1/267—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of two or more valves operated simultaneously by same transmitting-gear; peculiar to machines or engines with more than two lift-valves per cylinder with means for varying the timing or the lift of the valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/46—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in preceding subgroups
- F01L1/462—Valve return spring arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
- F01L13/0015—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque
- F01L13/0036—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque the valves being driven by two or more cams with different shape, size or timing or a single cam profiled in axial and radial direction
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/02—Valve drive
- F01L1/04—Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
- F01L1/047—Camshafts
- F01L1/053—Camshafts overhead type
- F01L2001/0537—Double overhead camshafts [DOHC]
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
- F01L13/0005—Deactivating valves
- F01L2013/001—Deactivating cylinders
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a valve operating apparatus for an engine provided with a switching mechanism for switching a driving mode of an intake valve or an exhaust valve of the engine.
- Patent Document 1 Conventionally, as a valve gear capable of switching the drive mode of an intake valve or exhaust valve of an engine, there is one described in Patent Document 1, for example.
- the valve operating apparatus of the engine disclosed in Patent Document 1 has two types of rocker arms that change the rotation of the camshaft cam to a reciprocating motion and transmit it to an intake valve or an exhaust valve, and a drive mode of the intake valve or the exhaust valve. And a switching mechanism for switching.
- the cam is composed of a first cam having a relatively large valve lift amount and a second cam having a relatively small valve lift amount.
- the two types of rocker arms are constituted by a first rocker arm that is swung by being pushed by a first cam, and a second rocker arm that is swingably provided at a position where the second cam can be pushed.
- the second rocker arm has a pressing portion that presses the intake valve or the exhaust valve.
- the switching mechanism includes a slide pin that selectively connects the two types of rocker arms described above, an actuator that applies hydraulic pressure to the slide pin, a return spring that returns the slide pin into one rocker arm, and the like. This switching mechanism switches between a form in which the first rocker arm and the second rocker arm are connected to each other and swings together, and a form in which the connection between the two rocker arms is released.
- rocker arms have pin holes for passing slide pins.
- the pin hole extends in the axial direction of the swing shaft of the rocker arm. Further, the pin hole of the first rocker arm and the pin hole of the second rocker arm are formed at positions aligned on the same axis line in a state in which the positions of the rocker arms in the swing direction coincide with each other.
- the driving force is transmitted from the first cam to the intake valve or the exhaust valve via the first rocker arm and the second rocker arm.
- the driving force is not transmitted from the first rocker arm to the second rocker arm, and the driving force is transferred from the second cam to the second rocker. It is transmitted to the intake valve or the exhaust valve via the arm. For this reason, in this valve operating apparatus of the engine, the drive mode of the intake valve or the exhaust valve is switched by changing the position of the slide pin.
- the negative acceleration acts on the rocker arm, so that the frictional force is reduced.
- the slide pin moves from the coupling position to the non-coupling position when the frictional force is reduced and the slide pin becomes movable by the spring force of the return spring.
- a so-called “repelling phenomenon” is performed in the process of releasing the connection state between the first rocker arm and the second rocker arm and in the process of shifting from the non-connection state to the connection state. May occur.
- This repelling phenomenon means that the connection state of both rocker arms is released when the intake valve or exhaust valve is not closed, and the second rocker arm and intake valve or exhaust valve are suddenly closed by the spring force of the valve spring. It is a phenomenon that is returned to the position.
- the first cause is that the rocker arm swings in a state in which the slide pin is not sufficiently fitted when the rocker arm shifts from the unconnected state to the connected state.
- the rocker arm transitions from the unconnected state to the connected state, the rocker arm is pushed by the cam and starts swinging when the slide pin is slightly fitted, and the intake valve or exhaust valve is open
- the fitting is disengaged and a repelling phenomenon occurs.
- the second cause is that when the rocker arm shifts from the connected state to the non-connected state, the friction force acting on the slide pin is reduced when the intake valve or the exhaust valve is open, and the slide pin is fitted. Is considered to be released by the spring force of the return spring.
- the present invention has been made to meet such a demand, and an engine in which the timing when the intake valve or the exhaust valve is closed and the timing when the member for switching the drive mode of the intake valve or the exhaust valve is driven is synchronized.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a valve operating apparatus.
- an engine valve operating apparatus includes a camshaft having a valve drive cam for driving an intake valve or an exhaust valve, and reciprocating motion of the valve drive cam.
- a rocker arm having a function of converting and transmitting to the intake valve or the exhaust valve, a synchronous cam rotating in synchronization with the valve drive cam, and the intake valve or the exhaust at a time defined by the synchronous cam
- a switching unit that switches the drive mode by moving a part of a part that constitutes the valve system that reaches the position, and a cam follower that is moved by being pushed by the synchronous cam.
- a drive unit that drives a part of the component in a direction in which the drive mode is switched by a force received from the cam follower, and the intake valve or the exhaust valve is closed when the synchronous cam pushes the cam follower. It is characterized by being a period.
- valve operating apparatus for an engine when the intake valve or the exhaust valve is closed, the synchronous cam pushes the cam follower, and this pressing force is transmitted to the switching unit of the switching mechanism, so that the intake valve or the exhaust valve The drive mode is switched. For this reason, a switching mechanism is not driven when the intake valve or the exhaust valve is open as in the prior art, and a valve operating apparatus for an engine in which the so-called repelling phenomenon does not occur as in the prior art. Can do. Also, when the intake valve or exhaust valve is closed, the driving force is not transmitted to the parts that make up the valve system from the valve drive cam to the rocker arm. Is significantly reduced and the parts can always move smoothly.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a valve operating apparatus for an engine according to a first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a front view of the main part according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a plan view of a main part according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a main part according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a side view of the main part according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the rocker arm according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 shows a connected state in which the first rocker arm and the second rocker arm are connected.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the rocker arm according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a valve operating apparatus for an engine according to a first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a front view of the main part according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a plan view of a main part according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 7 shows an unconnected state in which the first rocker arm and the second rocker arm are not connected.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the drive unit according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of the drive unit in FIG.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the drive unit according to the first embodiment.
- 9 is a cross-sectional view of the drive unit taken along the line BB in FIG.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the drive unit according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of the drive unit in FIG.
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the drive unit according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the drive unit taken along line BB in FIG.
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the drive unit according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of the drive unit in FIG.
- FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the drive unit according to the first embodiment.
- 13 is a cross-sectional view of the drive unit taken along line BB in FIG.
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of the drive unit according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of the drive unit in FIG.
- FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of the drive unit according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of the drive unit taken along line BB in FIG.
- FIG. 16 is an enlarged cross-sectional view illustrating a main part of the drive unit according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 17 is an enlarged cross-sectional view illustrating a main part of the drive unit according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view of a drive unit according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view of a drive unit according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 20 is a perspective view of a main part according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 21 is a side view of an essential part according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 22 is a plan view for explaining the configuration of the connecting lever according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 23 is a plan view for explaining a configuration of a camshaft and a switching unit according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 23 also shows a cross-sectional view of the drive unit.
- FIG. 24 is a plan view for explaining a configuration of a camshaft and a switching unit according to the fourth embodiment. In FIG. 24, a sectional view of the drive unit is also drawn.
- FIG. 25 is a plan view for explaining a configuration of a camshaft and a switching unit according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 25 also shows a cross-sectional view of the drive unit.
- FIG. 26 is a plan view for explaining a configuration of a camshaft and a switching unit according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 26 also shows a cross-sectional view of the drive unit.
- FIG. 27 is a plan view for explaining the configuration of the camshaft and the switching unit according to the fifth embodiment.
- a cross-sectional view of the drive unit is also drawn.
- FIG. 28 is a plan view for explaining the configuration of the camshaft and switching unit according to the fifth embodiment.
- a cross-sectional view of the drive unit is also drawn.
- FIG. 29 is a plan view for explaining a configuration of a camshaft and a switching unit according to the fifth embodiment.
- a sectional view of the drive unit is also drawn.
- FIG. 30 is a plan view for explaining the configuration of the camshaft and switching unit according to the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 30 also shows a cross-sectional view of the drive unit.
- FIG. 31 is a perspective view of a main part according to Modification 1 of the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 32 is a front view of the main part according to Modification 1 of the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 33 is a plan view of the main part according to Modification 1 of the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 34 is a side view of the main part according to Modification 1 of the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 35 is a perspective view of a main part according to the second modification of the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 36 is a plan view for explaining a configuration of a camshaft and a switching unit according to the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 36 also shows a cross-sectional view of the drive unit.
- FIG. 37 is a plan view for explaining the configuration of the camshaft and switching unit according to the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 37 also shows a cross-sectional view of the drive unit.
- FIG. 38 is a plan view for explaining the configuration of the camshaft and the switching unit according to the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 38 also shows a cross-sectional view of the drive unit.
- FIG. 39 is a plan view for explaining a configuration of a camshaft and a switching unit according to the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 39 also shows a cross-sectional view of the drive unit.
- FIG. 40 is a perspective view of a main part according to a modification of the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 41 is a front view of a main part according to a modification of the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 42 is a plan view of a main part according to a modification of the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 43 is a side view of a main part according to a modification of the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 44 is a perspective view of a pressing member according to a modification of the sixth embodiment.
- This valve operating apparatus 1 is mounted on a DOHC type four-cylinder engine 2 mounted on a vehicle (not shown).
- This valve operating apparatus 1 has a switching mechanism for switching between an all-cylinder operation mode in which four cylinders are operated normally and a partial cylinder operation mode (pause mode) in which two of the four cylinders are deactivated. 3 is provided.
- the switching mechanism 3 is provided in two of the four cylinders, details of which will be described later.
- the switching mechanism 3 can be provided, for example, in the first cylinder and the fourth cylinder located at both ends of the cylinder row, and can be provided in the second cylinder and the third cylinder located in the center portion of the cylinder row. it can.
- the switching mechanism 3 constitutes a part of the valve operating apparatus 1 and includes one side where the intake valve 4 is located and the other side where the exhaust valve 5 is located. And both are provided.
- the valve operating apparatus 1 converts the rotations of the intake camshaft 7 and the exhaust camshaft 8 provided in the cylinder head 6 into reciprocating motions by the rocker arms 9, respectively. And drive.
- the portion that drives the intake valve 4 and the portion that drives the exhaust valve 5 in the valve operating device 1 have the same structure. Therefore, in the following, members having the same configuration on the intake valve 4 side and the exhaust valve 5 side will be described with respect to the members on the exhaust valve 5 side, and the members on the intake valve 4 side will be assigned the same reference numerals. The description is omitted.
- the intake camshaft 7 and the exhaust camshaft 8 include a camshaft body 11 rotatably supported by the cylinder head 6, and a valve driving cam 12 and a synchronization cam 13 provided on the camshaft body 11, respectively. Yes.
- the intake camshaft 7 and the exhaust camshaft 8 are simply referred to as a camshaft 14 as a whole.
- the camshaft body 11 is formed in a rod shape with a circular cross section.
- the valve drive cam 12 is composed of a base circle portion 12a and a nose portion 12b.
- the base circular portion 12a has a shape that becomes a part of a cylinder located on the same axis as the camshaft main body 11, and is formed in such a size that the valve lift amount of the intake valve 4 or the exhaust valve 5 becomes zero.
- the nose portion 12b is formed in a shape that protrudes from the base circle portion 12a outward in the radial direction by a predetermined protrusion amount in a cross-sectional mountain shape.
- the synchronous cam 13 regulates the timing when the switching mechanism 3 performs the switching operation and serves as a power source.
- the synchronous cam 13 includes a base circle portion 13a and a nose portion 13b, and is used for valve driving. It is provided at a position adjacent to the cam 12.
- the synchronous cam 13 rotates in synchronization with the valve driving cam 12.
- the base circular portion 13 a of the synchronous cam 13 is formed in a shape that becomes a part of a cylinder located on the same axis as the camshaft main body 11.
- the nose portion 13b of the synchronous cam 13 is formed in a shape that protrudes from the base circle portion 13a outward in the radial direction by a predetermined protrusion amount in a cross-sectional mountain shape.
- the positional relationship between the valve drive cam 12 and the synchronization cam 13 with respect to the rotation direction of the camshaft 14 is such that the synchronization cam 13 operates the switching mechanism 3 when the valve drive cam 12 closes the intake valve or the exhaust valve.
- Is set That is, as shown in FIG. 5, when the camshaft main body 11 is viewed from the axial direction, the nose portion 13 b is at any timing within the timing when the base circle portion 12 a of the valve drive cam 12 is in contact with the rocker arm 9. What is necessary is just to set so that the switching mechanism 3 may be operated.
- Two intake valves 4 and two exhaust valves 5 are provided for each cylinder, and are respectively supported by the cylinder head 6 so as to be movable.
- the two intake valves 4, 4 are arranged at a predetermined interval in the axial direction of the intake camshaft 7.
- the two exhaust valves 5 and 5 are arranged at a predetermined interval in the axial direction of the exhaust camshaft 8.
- the intake valve 4 includes a valve body 4a that opens and closes an intake port 15 of the cylinder head 6, and a valve shaft 4b that extends from the valve body 4a into the valve operating chamber 16 of the cylinder head 6.
- the exhaust valve 5 includes a valve body 5 a that opens and closes the exhaust port 17 of the cylinder head 6, and a valve shaft 5 b that extends from the valve body 5 a into the valve operating chamber 16 of the cylinder head 6.
- a valve spring 18 that biases the intake valve 4 and the exhaust valve 5 in a closing direction is provided between the tip ends of the valve shafts 4 b and 5 b and the cylinder head 6.
- cap-shaped shims 19 are provided at the distal ends of the valve shafts 4b and 5b, respectively.
- the upstream end of the intake port 15 opens to one side of the cylinder head 6.
- the downstream end of the intake port 15 opens to the combustion chamber 20 for each cylinder.
- the upstream end of the exhaust port 17 opens to the combustion chamber 20.
- the downstream end of the exhaust port 17 opens to the other side of the cylinder head 6.
- a spark plug (not shown) is provided at the center of the combustion chamber 20.
- the switching mechanism 3 includes a switching unit 21 having a rocker arm 9 that drives the intake valve 4 and the exhaust valve 5, and a cam follower 22 that moves by being pushed by the synchronous cam 13 described above.
- the drive part 23 which has these.
- the switching unit 21 switches the drive mode of the intake valve 4 or the exhaust valve 5 when a part of components constituting a valve operating system described later moves.
- the drive unit 23 drives a part of the components constituting the valve train in the direction in which the drive mode is switched by the force received from the cam follower 22.
- the rocker arm 9 is formed of a plurality of members as shown in FIGS.
- the plurality of members are arranged at a position adjacent to the first rocker arm 25 having a roller 24 that contacts the valve drive cam 12 and the first rocker arm 25 in the axial direction of the camshaft 14.
- the second rocker arm 26 and first to third switching pins 27 to 29 for selectively connecting the first rocker arm 25 and the second rocker arm 26 (see FIGS. 6 and 7).
- the first rocker arm 25 includes a left arm piece 25c connected in a U shape (see FIG. 2) in a front view by two connecting pieces 25a and 25b (see FIG. 5). It has a right arm piece 25d.
- One end portion of the first rocker arm 25 is swingably supported by the rocker shaft 30.
- the rocker shaft 30 is attached to a support member 31 (see FIG. 1) of the cylinder head 6 so as to be parallel to the camshaft 14.
- the swinging end portion of the first rocker arm 25 has a cylindrical shaft 32 as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, and supports the roller 24 via the cylindrical shaft 32.
- the axis of the cylindrical shaft 32 is parallel to the axis of the rocker shaft 30.
- the roller 24 is rotatably supported on the cylindrical shaft 32 by a bearing 33.
- the hollow portion of the cylindrical shaft 32 extends in the axial direction of the camshaft 14 so as to cross the first rocker arm 25.
- a first switching pin 27 is movably fitted in the hollow portion.
- the hollow portion of the cylindrical shaft 32 is referred to as a first pin hole 34.
- the length of the first switching pin 27 is the same as the length of the first pin hole 34.
- the length of the first switching pin 27 may be longer or shorter than the first pin hole 34 as long as the fitting with the adjacent pin hole can be avoided when not connected.
- a return spring member 35 is provided between the cylinder head 6 and a connecting end 25a, 25b, which is a swinging end portion of the first rocker arm 25 and connects the left arm piece 25c and the right arm piece 25d in a U shape when viewed from the front. 1.
- a return spring member 35 is provided. The spring member 35 biases the first rocker arm 25 in a direction in which the roller 24 is pressed against the valve driving cam 12. Therefore, the first rocker arm 25 swings against the spring force of the spring member 35 by being pushed by the valve drive cam 12.
- the second rocker arm 26 includes a first arm body 26a and a second arm body 26b located on both sides of the first rocker arm 25, and the first arm body 26a. And a connecting piece 26c for connecting the swinging end portions of the second arm main body 26b.
- One end portions of the first arm body 26 a and the second arm body 26 b are swingably supported by the rocker shaft 30.
- the connecting piece 26 c is formed in a shape extending in the axial direction of the camshaft 14.
- pressing portions 36 that press the shims 19 of the intake valve 4 or the exhaust valve 5 are formed.
- the second rocker arm 26 simultaneously pushes two intake valves 4 or exhaust valves 5 per cylinder.
- a second pin hole 37 is formed in the intermediate portion of the first arm body 26a.
- a third pin hole 38 is formed in an intermediate portion of the second arm body 26b.
- the second pin hole 37 and the third pin hole 38 extend in the axial direction of the camshaft 14 so as to cross the first arm main body 26a and the second arm main body 26b.
- the distance between the center line of the second pin hole 37 and the third pin hole 38 and the axis of the rocker shaft 30 is such that the center line of the first pin hole 34 of the first rocker arm 25 and the rocker shaft 30. It is consistent with the distance between the axis.
- the first pin hole 34, the second pin hole 37, and the third pin hole 38 have a swing angle of the first rocker arm 25 and a swing angle of the second rocker arm 26 in advance. It is positioned on the same axis in a state where a predetermined angle is obtained. This predetermined angle is an angle when the intake valve 4 or the exhaust valve 5 is closed. Therefore, the second pin hole 37 and the third pin hole 38 are positioned on the same axis as the first pin hole 34 when the valve lift amount of the intake valve 4 or the exhaust valve 5 becomes zero.
- the hole diameters of the second pin hole 37 and the third pin hole 38 coincide with the hole diameter of the first pin hole 34.
- a second switching pin 28 is movably fitted in the second pin hole 37, and a spring member 39 that biases the second switching pin 28 toward the first rocker arm 25. Is provided.
- a third switching pin 29 is movably fitted in the third pin hole 38. The length of the third switching pin 29 is the same as the length of the third pin hole 38. However, the length of the third switching pin 29 may be longer or shorter than the third pin hole 38 as long as the fitting with the adjacent pin hole can be avoided when not connected.
- An end of the third switching pin 29 opposite to the first rocker arm 25 is opposed to a pressing element 41 of the drive unit 23 described later.
- the drive unit 23 has a function of pressing the third switching pin 29 toward the first rocker arm 25 using the pressing element 41.
- the first to third switching pins 27 to 29 are arranged such that the first to third pin holes 34, 37, and 38 are aligned on the same axis line in a state where the pressing element 41 does not press the third switching pin 29.
- the spring member 39 is pushed by the spring force to move to the coupling position.
- the connecting position is a position where the first switching pin 27 and the second switching pin 28 straddle the first rocker arm 25 and the second rocker arm 26.
- the first switching pin 27 and the second switching pin 28 are connected to the first rocker 25 and the second rocker arm 26 as shown in FIG.
- the first rocker arm 25 and the second rocker arm 26 are released from the coupled state.
- the first rocker arm 25 and the second rocker arm 26 can swing individually, only the first rocker arm 25 is pushed by the valve driving cam 12 and swings.
- the second rocker arm 26 does not swing.
- the intake valve 4 or the exhaust valve 5 is maintained in a closed state, the cylinder having the switching mechanism 3 is in a dormant mode.
- the first to third switching pins 27 to 29 constitute the “part of components constituting the valve system from the valve driving cam to the rocker arm” according to the present invention. .
- the drive unit 23 of the switching mechanism 3 is configured by combining a plurality of members, and is provided at a position adjacent to the rocker arm 9 in the axial direction of the rocker shaft 30 as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. .
- the driving unit 23 shown in FIG. 2 to FIG. 5 shows only the members that operate so that the configuration can be easily understood.
- the pressing element 41 that transmits power from the drive unit 23 to the switching unit 21 is formed in a cylindrical shape, and is movably fitted in the shaft hole 42 of the support member 31. Yes.
- the support member 31 includes a base portion 43 through which the rocker shaft 30 passes, and a drive portion housing 44 protruding from the base portion 43.
- the shaft hole 42 is formed in the housing 44.
- One end portion of the pressing element 41 facing the third switching pin 29 is formed in a disk shape having a predetermined size.
- the end face of the one end facing the third switching pin 29 is formed flat so that it can swing integrally with the second arm main body 26b while the third switching pin 29 is in contact.
- the size of this one end is necessarily opposite to the third switching pin 29 that swings integrally with the second arm body 26b.
- a driving lever 45, which will be described later, of the driving unit 23 is rotatably connected to the pressing element 41 via a connecting pin 46.
- the pressing element 41 moves forward and backward relative to the second arm body 26b when the driving lever 45 swings. For this reason, the pressing element 41 reciprocates between the forward movement position shown in FIG. 7 and the backward movement position shown in FIG.
- a plurality of concave portions 47 are formed on the outer peripheral surface of the pressing element 41 as shown in FIG. These recesses 47 are formed in a shape in which the balls 48 can be engaged, and are arranged in the axial direction of the presser 41.
- the ball 48 is held in the housing 44 and pressed against the pressing element 41 by the spring force of the compression coil 49 spring while being engaged with the recess 47.
- the presser 41 is temporarily held at the above-described forward position or backward position by the ball 48 engaging with the recess 47.
- the driving lever 45 connected to the pressing element 41 is fixed to one end portion of a rotating shaft 51 to be described later, as shown in FIGS.
- the driving lever 45 swings in synchronization with the rotating operation of the rotating shaft 51, and the pressing element 41 moves in the axial direction of the camshaft 14 to move forward. Or move to the retracted position.
- the drive lever 45 and the pressing element 41 described above constitute a “transmission mechanism” according to the second aspect of the present invention.
- the rotation shaft 51 is a position overlapping the rocker shaft 30 when viewed from the axial direction of the camshaft 14, and as shown in FIGS. It is positioned at a position facing the cam surface of the synchronous cam 13 with the nip interposed therebetween, and is rotatably supported by the housing 44.
- a first projecting piece 52 and a second projecting piece 53 are provided at the other end of the rotating shaft 51.
- the first protruding piece 52 protrudes from the rotating shaft 51 in one direction orthogonal to the axial direction.
- the second protruding piece 53 protrudes from the rotating shaft 51 in the direction opposite to the first protruding piece 52.
- the rotating shaft 51 is mounted on the housing 44 in a state where the first projecting piece 52 and the second projecting piece 53 are aligned in the axial direction of the camshaft 14.
- the first projecting piece 52 and the second projecting piece 53 are accommodated in a space S formed in the housing 44.
- Side surfaces of the first projecting piece 52 and the second projecting piece 53 that face the camshaft 14 constitute a cam surface 59 that comes into contact with a slide pin 55 described later.
- the cam surface 59 is composed of a steeply inclined portion 59a and a gently inclined portion 59b.
- the steeply inclined portion 59a is formed on the base end side of the first and second projecting pieces 52 and 53.
- the gentle inclined portion 59b is formed on the protruding end side of the first and second protruding pieces 52 and 53.
- the steeply inclined portion 59a of the first projecting piece 52 and the steeply inclined portion 59a of the second projecting piece 53 form an inner wall of a recess 60 that can accommodate a slide pin 55 described later. ing.
- the concave portion 60 is formed by two steeply inclined portions 59 a and 59 a and a part of the rotation shaft 51.
- the axis C ⁇ b> 1 of the rotation shaft 51 and the axis C ⁇ b> 2 of the slide pin 55 are located on the same plane P.
- the first projecting piece 52 and the second projecting piece 53 are in positions that are substantially plane-symmetric with respect to the plane P. Further, in FIGS.
- the cam follower 22 at the pressing end position is drawn by a solid line
- the cam follower 22 at the pressing start position is drawn by a two-dot chain line.
- the steeply inclined portion 59a of the first projecting piece 52 and the steeply inclined portion 59a of the second projecting piece 53 constitute the “cam surface” as referred to in the invention of claim 7.
- a cam follower 22 As shown in FIG. 8, a cam follower 22, a moving member 54, and a slide pin 55 are provided between the first projecting piece 52 and the second projecting piece 53 and the synchronous cam 13. .
- the cam follower 22 is formed in a cylindrical shape, and is supported by the housing 44 so as to be movable in a first direction which is a direction in which the cam follower 22 approaches or separates from the axis of the camshaft 14.
- the cam follower 22 has a pressing start position (see FIG. 10) where one end surface (an end surface facing the synchronizing cam 13) is pressed by the nose portion 13b of the synchronizing cam 13, and a pressing end position where the pressing by the synchronizing cam 13 ends ( (See FIG. 8).
- the timing when the nose portion 13b of the synchronous cam 13 presses the cam follower 22 is the timing when the roller 24 of the first rocker arm 25 contacts the base circle portion 12a of the valve drive cam 12 (the intake valve 4 or the exhaust valve 5 is closed). In other words, it is a time when the driving force for driving the intake valve 4 and the exhaust valve 5 is not transmitted to the first to third switching pins 27 to 29 of the switching mechanism 3.
- the moving member 54 disposed between the cam follower 22 and the first and second projecting pieces 52 and 53 has a second direction orthogonal to the first direction described above. And is supported by the housing 44 so as to be movable in the second direction.
- This second direction is a direction parallel to the axis of the camshaft 14.
- the rotating shaft 51 described above is disposed at a position facing the cam follower 22 with the moving member 54 interposed therebetween, and is rotatable about the housing 44 around an axis extending in a direction orthogonal to the first direction and the second direction. It is supported.
- the housing 44 is formed with a cylinder hole 56 formed of a non-through hole extending in a second direction from one side of the housing 44.
- the moving member 54 is formed in a cylindrical shape, and is slidably fitted in the cylinder hole 56.
- One end of the cam follower 22 faces the central portion of the cylinder hole 56 in the axial direction.
- the cylinder hole 56 communicates with a space S in which the first projecting piece 52 and the second projecting piece 53 are accommodated.
- An oil passage 57 is connected to the bottom 56 a located at the innermost end of the cylinder hole 56.
- the oil passage 57 constitutes a part of an actuator 58 that drives the moving member 54.
- the actuator 58 includes a hydraulic device 62 having a piston 61 provided at one end of the moving member 54, and a spring member 63 that biases the other end of the moving member 54 toward the one end.
- the moving member 54 is driven in one or the other of the second directions.
- the actuator 58 according to this embodiment corresponds to the “actuator” according to the invention described in claim 3.
- the hydraulic device 62 is provided between a hydraulic pump that is driven by the engine 2 or an electric motor and discharges hydraulic fluid, and between the hydraulic pump and the cylinder hole 56 of the switching mechanism 3.
- Switching valve operates automatically or manually, and switches between a mode in which the hydraulic pressure is supplied to the cylinder hole 56 and a mode in which the hydraulic pressure in the cylinder hole 56 disappears.
- the spring member 63 that urges the other end of the moving member 54 is a compression coil spring. As shown in FIG. 8, a plug member 66 that closes one end of the cylinder hole 56 and the other end of the moving member 54 It is inserted in a compressed state between.
- the moving member 54 can reciprocate between the plug member 66 and the bottom portion 56 a of the cylinder hole 56.
- the moving member 54 moves toward the plug member 66 against the spring force of the spring member 63 when hydraulic pressure is applied to the piston 61 by the hydraulic device 62. Further, the moving member 54 moves to the bottom 56 a side of the cylinder hole 56 by the spring force of the spring member 63 when the hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic device 62 disappears.
- the concave groove 54a extends a predetermined length in the second direction on the outer peripheral portion of the moving member 54.
- the predetermined length is a length that allows the cam follower 22 to enter the recessed groove 54a even when the moving member 54 is located at both terminal positions on the bottom 56a side and the plug member 66 side as shown in FIGS.
- the concave groove 54 a is formed on one side and the other side in the radial direction of the moving member 54.
- the bottom surface of the concave groove 54a is formed flat.
- the slide pin 55 is formed in a columnar shape thinner than the cam follower 22 and is supported by the moving member 54 so as to be movable in the first direction while penetrating the central portion of the moving member 54 in the first direction.
- One end surface of the slide pin 55 can always come into contact with the other end surface of the cam follower 22 in the process in which the moving member 54 moves from one end to the other end in the cylinder hole 56.
- the other end surface of the slide pin 55 faces the first projecting piece 52 by moving the moving member 54 to one side in the second direction (to the bottom 56a side of the cylinder hole 56). As shown in FIG. 10, the other end surface of the slide pin 55 faces the second projecting piece 53 when the moving member 54 moves to the other side in the second direction (to the plug member 66 side). In this way, when the cam follower 22 pushes the slide pin 55 in a state where the other end surface of the slide pin 55 faces the first projecting piece 52 or the second projecting piece 53, the first projecting piece 52 or the second projecting piece The piece 53 is pushed by the slide pin 55.
- the length of the slide pin 55 is such that the cam follower 22 is pushed by the synchronous cam 13 and moved to the pressing end position, whereby the first projecting piece 52 or the second projecting piece 53 is separated from the cam follower 22. It is formed in the length which presses to.
- the first projecting piece 52 and the second projecting piece 53 swing around a rotation shaft 51 in a so-called seesaw shape. For this reason, one projecting piece (first projecting piece 52 in FIG. 8) pushed by the slide pin 55 is inclined in a direction in which the tip is separated from the cam follower 22. At this time, the other projecting piece (second projecting piece 53 in FIG. 8) is inclined in a direction in which the tip approaches the cam follower 22.
- the other protruding piece is inclined so as to gradually approach the cam follower 22 from the rotating shaft 51 toward the tip.
- the other projecting piece inclined in this way moves together with the moving member 54 in the direction in which the slide pin 55 that has pressed the one projecting piece faces the other projecting piece (the direction in which the plug member 66 is located in FIG. 8).
- it functions as a return cam 67 that presses the slide pin 55 toward the cam follower 22.
- this other protruding piece functions as the return cam 67, the moving direction of the slide pin 55 is changed by the slide pin 55 coming into contact with the cam surface 59 described above. This means that the cam surface 59 substantially functions as a return cam.
- the moving member 54 moves when the slide pin 55 is not pushed by the cam follower 22. This is because if the slide pin 55 is pushed by the cam follower 22, the slide pin 55 cannot move to the cam follower 22 side along the return cam 67 described above. Therefore, the moving member 54 waits without moving until two conditions described later are satisfied, and moves after the two conditions are satisfied.
- the first condition is that the hydraulic pressure or the spring force of the spring member 63 is applied.
- the second condition is that the cam follower 22 faces the base circle portion 13 a of the synchronous cam 13.
- valve gear 1 of the engine 2 configured as described above will be described in detail with reference to FIGS.
- the switching mechanism 3 is in the state shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 when the all-cylinder operation mode is adopted. That is, the moving member 54 of the drive unit 23 is pushed by the spring force of the spring member 63 and moves to one end side (the bottom 56a side of the cylinder hole 56). Further, the driving lever 45 and the rotation shaft 51 are rotated clockwise in FIGS. 8 and 9.
- the pressing element 41 is located at the retracted position, and the first to third switching pins 27 to 29 are located at the connecting positions.
- the first rocker arm 25 and the second rocker arm 26 are connected to each other and swing together.
- the valve gear 1 of the engine 2 starts to operate when the rotation of a crankshaft (not shown) is transmitted to the camshaft 14.
- a crankshaft (not shown)
- the valve drive cam 12 and the synchronization cam 13 rotate.
- the rotation of the valve driving cam 12 is transmitted from the first rocker arm 25 to the second rocker arm 26 via the first switching pin 27 and the second switching pin 28, and the intake air
- the valve 4 or the exhaust valve 5 is driven.
- the cam follower 22 since the cam follower 22 is located at the pressing end position, the synchronous cam 13 idles without pressing the cam follower 22.
- the second projecting piece 53 is not pushed and tilted by the slide pin 55. This is because the ball 48 is engaged with the recess 47 and the rotation of the rotation shaft 51 is restricted. For this reason, the pressing element 41 is held in the retracted position, and the first to third switching pins 27 to 29 are held in the coupling position.
- the position indicated by the two-dot chain line B here is a position where the slide pin 55 contacts the gentle inclined portion 59b, and the axis C1 of the rotation shaft 51 and the axis C2 of the slide pin 55 are on the same plane P. It is a position to be placed on top.
- the position indicated by a two-dot chain line C is a position where the cam follower 22 returns to the movement start position. Therefore, when the moving member 54 moves in a state where the cam follower 22 faces the base circle portion 13a of the synchronous cam 13, the cam follower 22 is pushed by the slide pin 55 and returns to the pressing start position, and the state shown in FIG. Become.
- the camshaft 14 is also rotating when the moving member 54 and the slide pin 55 are moving as described above.
- the nose part 13b of the synchronous cam 13 may push the cam follower 22 in a state where the slide pin 55 is in contact with the steeply inclined part 59a as indicated by a two-dot chain line A in FIG.
- the slide pin 55 is pushed by the cam follower 22 to slide down the steeply inclined portion 59a, and the moving member 54 moves backward against the hydraulic pressure.
- the cam follower 22 is pushed again by the nose portion 13b of the synchronous cam 13 which continues to rotate after being returned from the pressing end position to the pressing start position (FIG. 10).
- the cam follower 22 is pushed by the nose portion 13b of the synchronous cam 13 when the intake valve 4 or the exhaust valve 5 is closed, and the first to third switching pins 27 to 29 of the switching mechanism 3 are movable. Is the time.
- the cam follower 22 is moved to the pressing end position by being pressed by the nose portion 13 b of the synchronous cam 13.
- the slide pin 55 presses the second projecting piece 53 to the final position, and the rotation shaft 51 rotates in the opposite direction (counterclockwise in FIG. 12). spin.
- the hydraulic pressure supply by the hydraulic device 62 of the actuator 58 is manually performed at an arbitrary time. Or stop automatically.
- the moving member 54 is moved to the bottom 56 a side of the cylinder hole 56 by the spring force of the spring member 63. Move to.
- the slide pin 55 slides while being pressed against the inclined first projecting piece 52 and moves in a direction approaching the synchronous cam 13.
- the cam follower 22 is returned from the pressing end position to the pressing start position.
- the synchronous cam 13 is connected to the cam follower.
- the switching mechanism 3 is driven by the pressing force generated by pressing 22. Therefore, when the intake valve 4 or the exhaust valve 5 is closed and the first to third pin holes 34, 37, 38 are located on the same axis, the first to third switching pins 27 to 29 are Since the movement is synchronized, the first to third switching pins 27 to 29 always move smoothly at the optimum time.
- the first to third switching pins 27 to 29 can be reliably prevented from being repelled by the rocker arm 9 when the intake valve 4 or the exhaust valve 5 is open. Since the repelling phenomenon does not occur in this way, the intake valve 4 or the exhaust valve 5 may be suddenly closed and damaged, or the first to third switching pins 27 to 29 may be damaged due to an excessive load. Absent. Therefore, according to this embodiment, it is possible to provide a valve operating apparatus for an engine that can reliably prevent parts from being damaged and that has high reliability in the operation of switching the drive mode of the intake valve or the exhaust valve.
- first projecting piece 52 and the second projecting piece 53 one projecting piece with the slide pin 55 interposed between the cam follower 22 and the cam follower 22 pushed by the synchronous cam 13 is used.
- the rotating shaft 51 is rotated to one side where the one projecting piece is positioned by receiving a pressing force through the slide pin 55.
- the other projecting piece starts to press the cam follower 22 by pressing the slide pin 55 toward the cam follower 22 when the slide pin 55 that pushed the one projecting piece moves together with the moving member 54 in the direction toward the other projecting piece. It functions as a return cam 67 for returning to the position.
- the cam follower 22 can be returned to the pressing start position using the first and second projecting pieces 52 and 53 that convert the reciprocating motion of the cam follower 22 into a rotational motion. For this reason, since a mechanism for returning the cam follower 22 to the pressing start position is not required, the number of components can be reduced and the drive unit 23 can be formed compactly.
- the actuator 58 includes a hydraulic device 62 having a piston 61 provided at one end of the moving member 54, and a spring member 63 that biases the other end of the moving member 54 toward the one end. Yes. For this reason, when hydraulic pressure is applied to the piston 61, the moving member 54 moves to the other side (the plug member 66 side) in the second direction against the spring force of the spring member 63. Further, the moving member 54 moves to one side (the bottom 56a side of the cylinder hole 56) in the second direction by the spring force of the spring member 63 when the hydraulic pressure applied to the piston 61 disappears. That is, the moving member 54 reciprocates by alternately repeating a state where the hydraulic pressure is supplied and a state where the hydraulic pressure disappears.
- the switching operation of the switching unit 21 is controlled by the hydraulic pressure, the hydraulic pump and the switching valve of the hydraulic device 62 can be arranged at a position away from the switching mechanism 3. For this reason, the switching mechanism 3 has a higher degree of freedom in layout than that in which the switching operation of the switching unit 21 is mechanically operated by, for example, a solenoid.
- a recess 60 is formed between the first projecting piece 52 and the second projecting piece 53 according to this embodiment so as to accommodate the tip of the slide pin 55 that has been pushed and moved by the cam follower 22.
- the inner wall of the recess 60 is formed by a cam surface 59 (steeply inclined portion 59 a) that functions as a return cam 67 in the first projecting piece 52 and the second projecting piece 53.
- the rocker arm 9 includes a first rocker arm 25 and a second rocker arm 26.
- the first rocker arm 25 is pushed by the valve driving cam 12 and swings.
- the second rocker arm 26 is swingably provided at a position adjacent to the first rocker arm 25 in the axial direction of the camshaft 14, and the pressing portion 36 that presses the intake valve 4 or the exhaust valve 5 swings. It is provided at the end.
- the first rocker arm 25 and the second rocker arm 26 are formed with first to third pin holes 34, 37, 38 extending in the axial direction of the camshaft 14 so as to cross these members.
- the members driven by the drive unit 23 are first to third members that are movably fitted to the first to third pin holes 34, 37, 38 and aligned in the axial direction of the camshaft 14.
- Switching pins 27-29 These first to third switching pins 27 to 29 are moved to a connecting position straddling the first rocker arm 25 and the second rocker arm 26 by turning the rotating shaft 51 in one direction, and both rocker arms are moved. 9 is connected. Further, these first to third switching pins 27 to 29 are moved from a position straddling the first rocker arm 25 and the second rocker arm 26 by the rotation shaft 51 turning to the other. Thus, the connected state of both rocker arms 25 and 26 is released.
- the first drive mode in which the intake valve 4 or the exhaust valve 5 is driven and the second drive mode in which the intake valve 4 or the exhaust valve 5 are stopped are accurately switched. It is possible to provide a valve operating device for an engine that can be used.
- the engine 2 is a multi-cylinder (four-cylinder) engine.
- the first drive mode is a drive mode in which the intake valve 4 or the exhaust valve 5 is driven as usual.
- the second drive mode is a drive mode in which the intake valve 4 or the exhaust valve 5 is kept closed.
- the switching mechanism 3 switches the drive mode of the intake valve 4 and the exhaust valve 5 in a cylinder that is selectively deactivated. According to this embodiment, it is possible to provide a valve operating apparatus for an engine that can selectively deactivate some of a plurality of cylinders.
- the actuator provided in the drive unit of the switching mechanism can be configured as shown in FIGS.
- FIGS. In these drawings, members that are the same as or equivalent to those described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 17 are given the same reference numerals, and detailed descriptions thereof are omitted as appropriate.
- the hydraulic apparatus according to this embodiment is described in claim 4.
- the actuator 58 shown in FIG. 18 is configured by a hydraulic device 71.
- the hydraulic apparatus 71 includes a piston (hereinafter, this piston is referred to as a first piston) 61 provided at one end of the moving member 54 and a second provided at the other end of the moving member 54. And a piston 72.
- the moving member 54 moves to the bottom 56 a side of the cylinder hole 56 when hydraulic pressure is applied to the second piston 72.
- the moving member 54 moves to the plug member 66 side as shown in FIG. 19 when hydraulic pressure is applied to the first piston 61.
- the moving member 54 moves in the second direction as described above when the cam follower 22 faces the base circular portion 13a of the synchronous cam 13.
- a compression coil spring 73 is provided between the second piston 72 and the plug member 66 to urge the moving member 54 in one direction in the second direction.
- the compression coil spring 73 constitutes a “spring member” according to the fifth aspect of the invention, and is provided to prevent the hydraulic pressure from being cut off and becoming uncontrollable. Since the purpose of the compression coil spring 73 is different from that of the spring member 63 used in the first embodiment as described above, the spring load is set lower than that of the spring member 63.
- This first driving mode is an all-cylinder driving mode, which is a driving mode that is advantageous for starting the engine 2, and is a driving mode that is adopted at idling.
- a bottom portion 56 a of the cylinder hole 56 is communicated with the switching valve 65 by a first oil passage 74.
- the other end of the cylinder hole 56 (the end on the side of the plug member 66) communicates with the switching valve 65 through the second oil passage 75.
- the switching valve 65 performs switching operation automatically or manually so that two forms described later are realized.
- the hydraulic pressure supplied from the hydraulic pump 64 is supplied to the first oil passage 74 and the hydraulic pressure in the second oil passage 75 disappears.
- the hydraulic pressure supplied from the hydraulic pump 64 is supplied to the second oil passage 75 and the hydraulic pressure in the first oil passage 74 disappears.
- the first oil passage 74 and the second oil passage 75 are not shown in the figure, but switch valves are provided for the cylinder holes 56 of the switching mechanisms 3 for the intake valves and the exhaust valves of all the cylinders having the switching mechanism 3, respectively. 65 is connected.
- the moving member 54 moves to the other side (the plug member 66 side) in the second direction by applying hydraulic pressure to the first piston 61, and by applying hydraulic pressure to the second piston 72. , Move to one side in the second direction (the bottom 56a side of the cylinder hole 56). Therefore, according to this embodiment, since the switching operation of the switching unit 21 in both directions can be controlled by hydraulic pressure, the hydraulic pressure is larger than that in the case of adopting the first embodiment having the spring member 63. The degree of freedom in setting the height is increased. In this embodiment, since it is not necessary to push the moving member 54 against a large spring force like the spring member 63 of the first embodiment, the hydraulic pressure can be set lower accordingly. . This means that the normal rotation speed of the hydraulic pump 64 becomes relatively low, and the switching operation can be performed even when the rotation speed of the engine 1 is low.
- valve gear 1 includes a compression coil spring 73 that biases the moving member 54 in one direction in the second direction.
- the direction in which the compression coil spring 73 biases the moving member 54 is a direction that is switched to a driving mode that is advantageous for starting the engine, between the first driving mode and the second driving mode. For this reason, even if the hydraulic pressure is cut off for some reason, the engine 2 can be operated without any trouble, so that a highly reliable valve operating apparatus for the engine can be provided.
- the transmission mechanism provided in the switching mechanism can be configured as shown in FIGS. 20 to 22, the same or equivalent members as those described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 19 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted as appropriate.
- the transmission mechanism of the switching mechanism 3 shown in FIGS. 20 to 22 is opposed to the driving lever 45 fixed to one end of the rotating shaft 51 and rotating integrally with the rotating shaft 51, and the third switching pin 29.
- a connecting lever 81 that connects the pressing element 41 to the driving lever 45.
- the drive lever 45 constitutes the “first lever” as referred to in the invention according to claim 6.
- the connecting lever 81 constitutes a “second lever” according to the invention described in claim 6.
- the connecting lever 81 is rotatably supported on the housing 44 (not shown) by a support shaft 82.
- the support shaft 82 passes through the central portion in the longitudinal direction of the connecting lever 81 and is fixed to the housing 44.
- the axis of the support shaft 82 is parallel to the axis of the rotation shaft 51.
- One end portion of the connecting lever 81 is rotatably connected to the pressing element 41 by a first connecting shaft 81a, and is connected to a part of the components constituting the valve operating system via the pressing element 41. Has been.
- the other end of the connecting lever 81 is rotatably connected to the rotating end of the driving lever 45 by a second connecting shaft 81b.
- the axes of the first connecting shaft 81a and the second connecting shaft 81b are parallel to the axes of the rotating shaft 51 and the support shaft 82.
- the length L1 on the one end side of the connecting lever 81 is the same as the length L2 on the other end side in FIG. 22, but the length of the lever can be appropriately changed by changing the ratio of the lengths L1 and L2. The amount of movement can be changed.
- the length L1 is a distance between the axis of the support shaft 82 and the axis of the first connecting shaft 81a.
- the length L2 is a distance between the axis of the support shaft 82 and the axis of the second connecting shaft 81b.
- a click mechanism 83 is connected to the other end of the rotation shaft 51 in order to define the amount of pressing force required to rotate the rotation shaft 51.
- the click mechanism 83 includes a pressure receiving member 84 fixed to the rotation shaft 51 and a ball 85 held by a housing 44 (not shown).
- the pressure receiving member 84 is formed with two recesses 86 arranged in the rotation direction of the rotation shaft 51.
- the ball 85 is pushed by the compression coil spring 87 and is engaged with the one recess 86.
- the rotation shaft 51 rotates when a rotation torque having such a magnitude that the ball 85 passes between the recesses 86 is applied to the rotation shaft 51.
- This rotational torque is applied to the rotating shaft 51 when the synchronous cam 13 pushes the cam follower 22 and the slide pin 55 pushes the first projecting piece 52 or the second projecting piece 53 accordingly.
- the distance between the rotating shaft 51 and the camshaft 14 is increased by the amount of the connecting lever 81 as compared with the case of adopting the configuration shown in FIG.
- the rotation shaft 51 can be disposed at a position separated from the rocker shaft 30, so that the degree of freedom of layout of the drive unit 23 is large and each member of the drive unit 23 is disposed in the housing 44. The assembly work becomes easy.
- the length L1 on one end side of the connecting lever 81 is the same as the length L2 on the other end side, but if L1> L2, the operation of the drive lever 45 is the length. It is enlarged by a lever ratio corresponding to the ratio between L1 and length L2 and transmitted to the presser 41.
- the operation amount of the drive lever 45 depends on the operation amount by which the cam follower 22 that is moved by being pushed by the nose portion 13b of the synchronization cam 13 rotates the rotating shaft 51. By increasing the lever ratio, the synchronization cam 13 Even if the nose portion 13b is not formed so high, the presser 41 can be moved sufficiently large.
- valve operating apparatus for an engine according to the present invention can be configured as shown in FIGS. 23 to 26, the same or equivalent members as those described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 22 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted as appropriate.
- the valve operating apparatus for an engine shown in this embodiment constitutes the invention described in claim 9 and claim 13. Further, the valve operating apparatus for an engine according to this embodiment is different from the valve operating apparatus shown in each of the above-described embodiments in the configuration of the camshaft 14 and the switching portion 21 of the switching mechanism 3, and the other configurations are the same. is there.
- the 23 is provided with two types of valve drive cams in order to adopt two types of drive modes.
- the two types of valve drive cams are a first cam 92 and a second cam 93 that have different valve lift amounts of the intake valve 4 or the exhaust valve 5.
- the first cam 92 and the second cam 93 are arranged in the axial direction of the camshaft main body 11.
- the second cams 93 according to this embodiment are provided on both sides of the first cam 92, respectively.
- the first cam 92 and the second cam 93 have base circular portions 92a and 93a and nose portions 92b and 93b.
- the outer diameter of the base circle portion 92a of the first cam 92 is equal to the outer diameter of the base circle portion 93a of the second cam 93.
- the nose portion 92 b of the first cam 92 is formed in a shape in which the valve lift amount of the intake valve 4 or the exhaust valve 5 is larger than the nose portion 93 b of the second cam 93.
- the rocker arm 9 used in the valve operating apparatus 1 includes a first rocker arm 25 that is swung by being pushed by a first cam 92, and the first rocker arm 25 is in the axial direction of the camshaft 14. And a second rocker arm 26 provided at a position adjacent to the second rocker arm 26. Like the first rocker arm 25 shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the first rocker arm 25 includes a roller 24 that rotates in contact with the first cam 92 at the rocking end thereof.
- the rocker shaft 30 is not pivotably supported.
- the second rocker arm 26 includes a first arm body 26 a and a second arm body 26 b located on both sides of the first rocker arm 25, It has a connecting piece (not shown) that connects these swinging end portions.
- the first arm main body 26a and the second arm main body 26b are respectively positioned at positions where the second cam 93 can be pressed, and are supported by the rocker shaft 30 so as to be swingable.
- the second rocker arm 26 has a roller 94 that rotates in contact with the second cam 93 and a pressing portion 36 that presses the intake valve 4 or the exhaust valve 5.
- the pressing portion 36 is provided at the swing end portion of the second rocker arm 26.
- the first rocker arm 25 and the second rocker arm 26 are selectively connected by a connection structure equivalent to the connection structure shown in FIGS. 6 and 7.
- the first rocker arm 25 and the second rocker arm 26 are formed with first to third pin holes 34, 37, 38 extending in the axial direction of the camshaft 14 so as to cross these rocker arms.
- the first to third switching pins 27 to 29 are movably fitted in the first to third pin holes 34, 37, and 38, respectively.
- the first to third switching pins 27 to 29 straddle between the first rocker arm 25 and the second rocker arm 26 when the rotation shaft 51 of the drive unit 23 rotates in one direction.
- the rocker arms 25 and 26 are brought into a non-coupled state by moving to a non-coupled position where the rockers are not loosened.
- the first to third switching pins 27 to 29 are connected across the first rocker arm 25 and the second rocker arm 26 as shown in FIG. It moves to a position and both rocker arms 25 and 26 are connected.
- the first to third switching pins 27 to 29 constitute the “part of components constituting the valve system from the valve driving cam to the rocker arm” according to the present invention. .
- the first to third switching pins 27 to 29 are located at the coupling positions (FIG. 25).
- the roller 94 of the second rocker arm 26 moves away from the second cam 93 as the camshaft 14 rotates.
- the valve lift amount of the intake valve 4 or the exhaust valve 5 is larger than the case where the second rocker arm 26 is pushed by the second cam 93 and swings.
- the camshaft 14 rotates in a state where the first to third switching pins 27 to 29 are located at the non-connecting positions (see FIG. 23), as shown in FIG. 24, the first rocker arm 25 and The second rocker arm 26 swings individually.
- the intake valve 4 or the exhaust valve 5 opens and closes as the second rocker arm 26 swings.
- the valve lift amount of the intake valve 4 or the exhaust valve 5 becomes relatively small. Therefore, according to this embodiment, the first drive mode in which the valve lift amount of the intake valve 4 or the exhaust valve 5 is increased and the second drive mode in which the valve lift amount of the intake valve 4 or the exhaust valve 5 is decreased. It is possible to provide a valve operating apparatus for an engine capable of accurately switching the form.
- the switching mechanism 3 is provided for all the cylinders.
- the hydraulic device of the switching mechanism 3 in this case can use the hydraulic device 62 shown in the first embodiment or the hydraulic device 71 shown in the second embodiment.
- the switching mechanism 3 may be provided on at least one of the intake valve 4 side and the exhaust valve 5 side.
- the switching mechanism 3 can be provided only on the intake valve 4 side, or the switching mechanism 3 can be provided only on the exhaust valve 5 side.
- the valve lift amount of the intake valve 4 is changed by switching a plurality of drive modes, thereby controlling the output of the engine 2, the fuel consumption, the amount of exhaust gas, and the like. It becomes easy. Further, since the valve lift amount of the exhaust valve 5 is changed by switching a plurality of drive modes, the control of the output, the fuel consumption, and the amount of exhaust gas is facilitated. For this reason, by installing the valve gear 91 according to this embodiment, the degree of freedom in controlling the operation of the engine 2 is increased, and a high-performance engine can be obtained.
- valve operating apparatus for an engine according to the present invention can be configured as shown in FIGS. 27 to 30, the same or equivalent members as those described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 26 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted as appropriate.
- the valve operating apparatus for an engine shown in this embodiment constitutes the invention described in claim 10. Further, the valve operating apparatus for an engine according to this embodiment is different from the valve operating apparatus shown in each of the above-described embodiments in the configuration of the camshaft 14 and the switching portion 21 of the switching mechanism 3, and the other configurations are the same. is there.
- first cam 92 and second cam 93 having different valve lift amounts of the intake valve 4 or the exhaust valve 5 in order to adopt two types of drive modes.
- first cam 92 and second cam 93 are equivalent to those shown in FIG.
- the second cam 93 according to this embodiment is disposed only on one side of the first cam 92 and is in contact with the first cam 92.
- the rocker arm 9 used in the valve gear 101 is supported on the rocker shaft 30 so as to be movable in the axial direction, and is also supported on the rocker shaft 30 so as to be swingable.
- a pressing portion 36 for pressing the intake valve 4 or the exhaust valve 5 is provided at the rocking end of the rocker arm 9.
- the pressing portion 36 is formed in a shape having a predetermined length in the axial direction of the rocker shaft 30. The length of the pressing portion 36 is equal to or longer than the interval (formation pitch) between the first cam 92 and the second cam 93.
- the rocker arm 9 includes a roller 24 that rotates in contact with the first cam 92 or the second cam 93 and a connecting piece 102 that protrudes in the axial direction of the rocker shaft 30.
- the coupling piece 102 is coupled to the coupling member 103 of the drive unit 23.
- the connecting member 103 is rotatably connected to a driving lever 45 of the driving unit 23 and is supported by the housing 44 so as to move forward and backward with respect to the rocker arm 9.
- the connecting member 103 has a plurality of recesses 47 with which the balls 48 are engaged.
- the rocker arm 9 has the first cam 92 and the second cam 92 when the rotation shaft 51 of the drive unit 23 rotates in one direction and the connecting member 103 moves to the retracted position shown in FIG. It moves to a position corresponding to one of the cams 93 (second cam 93 in FIG. 27).
- the rocker arm 9 includes the first cam 92 and the second cam 93 when the rotation shaft 51 rotates to the other side and the connecting member 103 moves to the advance position. It moves to a position corresponding to the other cam (first cam 92 in FIG. 29).
- the rocker arm 9 When the camshaft 14 rotates while the roller 24 of the rocker arm 9 is in contact with the second cam 93 (see FIG. 27), the rocker arm 9 is pushed by the second cam 93 as shown in FIG. Rocks.
- the rocker arm 9 when the rocker arm 9 is moved from the position pushed by the second cam 93 to the position pushed by the first cam 92, the valve lift amount of the intake valve 4 or the exhaust valve 5 is relatively increased.
- the rocker arm 9 constitutes “a part of the components constituting the valve system from the valve driving cam to the rocker arm” according to the present invention.
- the first drive mode in which the valve lift amount of the intake valve 4 or the exhaust valve 5 is relatively large and the valve drive amount of the intake valve 4 or the exhaust valve 5 are relatively small. It is possible to provide a valve gear for an engine capable of accurately switching between the two drive modes.
- valve operating apparatus having a switching unit to which the rocker arm moves can be configured as shown in FIGS. 31 to 34, the same or equivalent members as those described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 30 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted as appropriate.
- the camshaft 14 of the valve gear 101 has two cam portions 104, 104 per cylinder.
- the synchronous cam 13 according to this embodiment is provided between the two cam portions 104.
- These cam portions 104 are constituted by a first cam 92 and a second cam 93 having different valve lift amounts of the intake valve 4 or the exhaust valve 5, respectively.
- the second cam 93 according to this embodiment is formed in a cylindrical shape having the same diameter as the base circle portion 92 a of the first cam 92. That is, the second cam 93 is not provided with a nose portion.
- the rocker arm 9 shown in FIG. 31 includes a first rocker arm 25, a second rocker arm 26, and a semi-cylindrical shaft 105 (see FIG. 32).
- the first rocker arm 25 drives one of the intake valves 4 or the exhaust valves 5 out of two intake valves 4 or exhaust valves 5 per cylinder.
- the second rocker arm 26 drives the other intake valve 4 or exhaust valve 5 among the two intake valves 4 or exhaust valves 5 per cylinder.
- the semi-cylindrical shaft 105 connects the second rocker arm 26 to the first rocker arm 25.
- the first rocker arm 25 and the second rocker arm 26 and the semi-cylindrical shaft 105 are supported by the rocker shaft 30 so as to be movable in the axial direction, and are also supported by the rocker shaft 30 so as to be rotatable. Yes.
- a roller 24 is rotatably provided at an intermediate portion between the first rocker arm 25 and the second rocker arm 26.
- the roller 24 of the first rocker arm 25 rotates in contact with the first cam 92 or the second cam 93 of one of the two cam portions 104.
- the roller 24 of the second rocker arm 26 rotates in contact with the first cam 92 or the second cam 93 of the other cam portion 104.
- a pressing portion 36 for pressing the shim 19 of the intake valve 4 or the exhaust valve 5 is provided at the swinging end portions of the first rocker arm 25 and the second rocker arm 26. As shown in FIG. 32, the pressing portion is formed in a shape having a predetermined length in the axial direction of the rocker shaft 30. The length of the pressing portion 36 is equal to or longer than the interval (formation pitch) between the first cam 92 and the second cam 93.
- the semi-cylindrical shaft 105 is formed in a semicircular cross section that is fitted to the rocker shaft 30 so as to be rotatable and movable in the axial direction. Both end portions of the semi-cylindrical shaft 105 are coupled to the first rocker arm 25 and the second rocker arm 26 by, for example, welding, and the first rocker arm 25 and the second rocker arm 26 are connected to each other. Rotate together.
- a semi-cylindrical slider 107 having a connecting piece 106 is fitted between the first rocker arm 25 and the second rocker arm 26, as shown in FIG. ing.
- the slider 107 is formed in a semicircular cross section that fits on the rocker shaft 30 so as to be rotatable and movable in the axial direction, and is disposed on the opposite side of the rocker shaft 30 from the semi-cylindrical shaft 105. ing. Both end portions of the slider 107 are separated from the first rocker arm 25 and the second rocker arm 26 so that the swinging of the first rocker arm 25 and the second rocker arm 26 is not restricted. ing. Further, as shown in FIG. 34, the circumferential end of the slider 107 (see FIG. 34) and the circumferential end 105a of the semi-cylindrical shaft 105 adjacent to the end 107a are the first rocker arm.
- the connecting piece 106 is provided at the center of the slider 107 in the axial direction, and is connected to the driving lever 45 of the driving unit 23 so as to be rotatable.
- the first drive mode in which the intake valve 4 or the exhaust valve 5 is kept closed, and the second drive mode in which the intake valve 4 or the exhaust valve 5 is driven normally. Can be accurately switched.
- the 2nd cam 93 what has the nose part 93b (refer FIG. 27) can be used. In this case, the first drive mode in which the valve lift amount of the intake valve 4 or the exhaust valve 5 is relatively increased, and the second drive mode in which the valve lift amount of the intake valve 4 or the exhaust valve 5 is relatively decreased. It is possible to realize a valve gear that can be switched between.
- FIG. 35 A valve operating apparatus having a switching unit to which the rocker arm moves can be configured as shown in FIG. 35, the same or equivalent members as described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 34 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted as appropriate.
- a valve gear 111 shown in FIG. 35 includes two intake valves 4 and 4 and two exhaust valves 5 and 5 per cylinder, which are connected to an intake camshaft 7 (not shown) and an exhaust camshaft 8 (not shown). It is driven by.
- the intake camshaft 7 and the exhaust camshaft 8 each have two cam portions 104 as shown in FIG. That is, the intake camshaft 7 includes a first cam 92 and a second cam 93 that have different valve lift amounts for each intake valve 4.
- the exhaust camshaft 8 includes a first cam 92 and a second cam 93 that have different valve lift amounts for each exhaust valve 5.
- Each of the four rocker arms 9 shown in FIG. 35 is supported by the rocker shaft 30 so as to be swingable, and is supported so as to be movable in the axial direction of the rocker shaft 30.
- These four rocker arms 9 are connected to a drive lever 45 of the drive unit 23 by a link mechanism 112 described later.
- a roller 24 is provided at an intermediate portion of each rocker arm 9. The roller 24 rotates in contact with the first cam 92 or the second cam 93 as described later.
- the drive unit 23 of the switching mechanism 3 is provided only in the vicinity of one of the intake camshaft 7 and the exhaust camshaft 8. That is, one drive unit 23 is provided for each cylinder.
- the synchronous cam 13 serving as a power source for the drive unit 23 is provided on the one camshaft.
- the drive unit 23 shown in FIG. 35 is disposed in the vicinity of the intake camshaft 7.
- the drive lever 45 of the drive unit 23 is formed in a shape that extends to one and the other about the rotation shaft 51.
- Link mechanisms 112 are connected to both ends of the drive lever 45.
- the link mechanism 112 includes a first link 113 that connects the two rocker arms 9A for driving the intake valves, a second link 114 that connects the two rocker arms 9B for driving the exhaust valves, The first link 113 and the third link 115 are connected to the second link 114.
- the connection structure 116 includes a connection pin 117 fixed to the first link 113 and a long hole 118 formed in the rocker arm 9A.
- the long hole 118 extends in the direction in which the rocker arm 9A swings so that the swinging of the rocker arm 9A is not restricted by the connecting pin 117.
- the connecting pin 117 is movably fitted in the elongated hole 118.
- the other end portion of the first link 113 is connected to the other rocker arm 9A for driving the intake valve via the connection structure 116 described above.
- One end of a driving lever 45 is rotatably connected to the other end of the first link 113 via a connecting pin 119.
- connection structure 120 is equivalent to the connection structure 116 described above, and includes a connection pin 121 fixed to the second link 114 and a long hole (not shown) extending in the rocking direction of the rocker arm 9B. ing.
- the other end of the second link 114 is connected to the other rocker arm 9B for driving the exhaust valve via the connection structure 120 described above.
- the other end of the driving lever 45 is connected to the other end of the second link 114 via a connecting pin 122 so as to be rotatable.
- the third link 115 is rotatably supported by a cylinder head 6 (not shown) via a support shaft 123.
- the length of the third link 115 is equal to the length of the driving lever 45.
- the support shaft 123 passes through the central portion of the third link 115 in the longitudinal direction.
- the axis of the support shaft 123 is parallel to the axis of the rotation shaft 51.
- One end of the third link 115 is rotatably connected to one end of the first link 113 via a connecting pin 124.
- the other end of the third link 115 is connected to one end of the second link 114 via a connecting pin 125.
- the axes of the connecting pins 117, 121, 119, 122, 124, 125 described above are parallel to the axis of the rotation shaft 51.
- the driving force is transmitted from the driving lever 45 of the driving unit 23 to the four rocker arms 9 via the link mechanism 112, and the four rocker arms 9 are simultaneously in the axial direction of the rocker shaft 30. Move to. For this reason, according to this embodiment, since the drive mode of the intake valve 4 and the exhaust valve 5 provided two per cylinder can be switched by one drive unit 23, the manufacturing cost is kept low. It becomes possible.
- valve operating apparatus for an engine according to the present invention can be configured as shown in FIGS. 36 to 39, the same or equivalent members as those described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 35 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted as appropriate.
- valve gear for an engine shown in this embodiment constitutes the invention described in claim 11. Moreover, this valve operating apparatus differs from the valve operating apparatus shown in each embodiment described above in the configuration of the camshaft 14 and the switching unit 21 of the switching mechanism 3, and the other configurations are the same.
- the valve gear 131 shown in FIG. 36 includes a first cam 92 and a second cam 93 having different valve lift amounts of the intake valve 4 or the exhaust valve 5 in order to adopt two types of drive modes.
- the first cam 92 and the second cam 93 are arranged in the axial direction of the camshaft main body 11.
- the first cam 92 and the second cam 93 are attached to the camshaft body 11 via a cylindrical slider 132.
- the slider 132 is fitted to the outer peripheral portion of the camshaft main body 11 by, for example, a spline (not shown) in a state where the camshaft main body 11 is inserted into the hollow portion.
- the slider 132 is supported by the camshaft body 11 so as to be movable in the axial direction in a state where relative movement in the rotational direction is restricted.
- the first cam 92 and the second cam 93 are fixed to the slider 132 in a state where the slider 132 penetrates the shaft center portion.
- An annular plate-shaped flange 133 is provided at one end of the slider 132 in the axial direction.
- the flange 133 is positioned on the same axis as the slider 132.
- the flange 133 is connected to the connecting member 134 of the switching mechanism 3.
- the connecting member 134 is rotatably connected to the driving lever 45 of the driving unit 23, and is supported by the housing 44 so as to move forward and backward with respect to the first cam 92 and the second cam 93. Yes.
- a connecting piece 136 is provided at the tip of the connecting member 134.
- the connecting piece 136 has a groove 135 into which the above-described flange 133 is slidably fitted.
- the rocker arm 9 is swingably supported by the rocker shaft 30 in a state where movement in the axial direction is restricted.
- a roller 24 that rotates in contact with the first cam 92 or the second cam 93 is provided at an intermediate portion of the rocker arm 9.
- the rocking end of the rocker arm 9 is provided with a pressing portion 36 that presses the shim 19 of the intake valve 4 or the exhaust valve 5.
- the number of intake valves 4 or exhaust valves 5 driven by the rocker arm 9 is not limited by the configuration of the switching unit 21.
- the rocker arm 9 according to this embodiment is configured to drive one intake valve 4 or exhaust valve 5 per cylinder, or to drive two intake valves 4 or exhaust valves 5 per cylinder. Can do.
- the first cam 92 and the second cam 93 constitute the “part of the components constituting the valve train from the valve driving cam to the rocker arm” according to the present invention. .
- the valve operating apparatus 131 as shown in FIG. 36, when the rotation shaft 51 of the switching mechanism 3 rotates in one direction, the second cam 93 comes into contact with the roller 24 and the first cam 92 leaves the roller 24.
- the rocker arm 9 is pushed by the second cam 93 and swings as shown in FIG.
- a valve operating apparatus for an engine in which the driving mode of the intake valve 4 or the exhaust valve 5 is switched by the movement of the first cam 92 and the second cam 93. Can do.
- a valve operating apparatus having a switching unit for moving the first cam and the second cam can be configured as shown in FIGS. 40 to 44, the same or equivalent members as those described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 39 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted as appropriate.
- a valve operating device 131 shown in FIG. 40 drives two intake valves 4 or exhaust valves 5 per cylinder by a camshaft 14 and a rocker arm 9.
- the camshaft 14 has two cam portions 104 and 104 per cylinder. A synchronous cam 13 is disposed between these cam portions 104. A gap d2 (see FIG. 41) having a predetermined width is formed between the cam portion 104 and the synchronization cam 13.
- the two cam portions 104 are constituted by a first cam 92 and a second cam 93 having different valve lift amounts of the intake valve 4 or the exhaust valve 5, respectively.
- the length in the axial direction of the synchronization cam 13 according to this embodiment is longer than the interval (formation pitch) between the first cam 92 and the second cam 93.
- the second cam 93 according to this embodiment is formed in a cylindrical shape having the same diameter as the base circle portion 92 a of the first cam 92. That is, the second cam 93 is not provided with a nose portion.
- the camshaft body 11 is attached via a cylindrical slider 132.
- the slider 132 is supported by the camshaft body 11 so as to be movable in the axial direction in a state where relative movement in the rotational direction is restricted.
- the first cam 92, the second cam 93, and the synchronization cam 13 are fixed to the slider 132 in a state where the slider 132 penetrates the shaft center portion.
- These four first cams 92 and second cams 93, the synchronization cam 13, and the slider 132 constitute one cam assembly 141.
- the cam assembly 141 rotates integrally with the camshaft body 11 while being supported by the camshaft body 11 so as to be movable in the axial direction.
- the pressing member 142 includes a pair of claw pieces 143 that are inserted into two gaps d formed between the synchronous cam 13 and the two cam portions 104. These claw pieces 143 are formed in an arc shape when viewed from the axial direction of the camshaft main body 11 and do not restrict the rotation of the synchronous cam 13, the first cam 92, and the second cam 93. It is inserted into the gap d.
- the pressing member 142 includes a support part 144 that supports a pair of claw pieces 143 at one end part, and a sliding part 145 having a semicircular cross section provided at the other end part of the support part 144.
- the support portion 144 is rotatably connected to the drive lever 45 of the drive portion 23 by a connection pin 146.
- the axis of the connecting pin 146 is parallel to the axis of the rotation shaft 51.
- the sliding portion 145 is formed in a shape that is slidably fitted to the rocker shaft 30.
- the drive lever 45 of the drive unit 23 swings in one direction while the intake valve 4 or the exhaust valve 5 is closed, so that the pressing member 142 moves to the rocker shaft 30.
- the claw piece 143 pushes the cam assembly 141 in the same direction.
- the driving lever 45 swings in the opposite direction
- the claw piece 143 pushes the cam assembly 141 in the opposite direction
- the second cam 93 contacts the roller 24.
- a valve operating apparatus for an engine in which the driving mode of the intake valve 4 or the exhaust valve 5 is switched by the movement of the first cam 92, the second cam 93, and the synchronous cam 13. can do.
- the second cam 93 of the valve gear 131 can be provided with a nose portion 93b having a valve lift amount different from that of the nose portion 92b of the first cam 92.
- valve operating apparatus for an engine according to the present invention is applied to a four-cylinder engine.
- the present invention is not limited to such a limitation.
- the present invention can also be applied to engines having other configurations such as a single cylinder engine, a two cylinder engine, a V type four cylinder engine, a V type six cylinder engine, or a V type eight cylinder engine.
- the switching mechanism 3 shown in each embodiment described above includes a hydraulic actuator 58.
- a solenoid can be used as a power source of the actuator 58 although not shown.
- a solenoid is attached to the housing 44 and a plunger of the solenoid is connected to the moving member 54.
- the solenoid plunger can be formed to constitute the moving member 54.
- SYMBOLS 1 Valve operating apparatus, 2 ... Engine, 3 ... Switching mechanism, 4 ... Intake valve, 5 ... Exhaust valve, 9 ... Rocker arm, 11 ... Camshaft main body, 12 ... Valve drive cam, 13 ... Synchronous cam, 14 ... Camshaft, 21 ... switching section, 22 ... cam follower, 23 ... drive section, 25 ... first rocker arm, 26 ... second rocker arm, 27 ... first switching pin, 28 ... second switching pin, 29 ... third switching pin, 34 ... first pin hole, 37 ... second pin hole, 38 ... third pin hole, 41 ... pressor, 45 ... drive lever, 51 ... rotating shaft, 52 ... First projecting piece 53 ...
- Second projecting piece 54 ... Moving member 55 ... Slide pin 58 ... Actuator 59 ... Cam surface 61 ... Piston (first piston) 62 ... Hydraulic device 63 ... Spring member, 67 ... return cam, 72 ... second piston, 92 ... 1 of cam, 93 ... second cam, 132 ... slider.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
- Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
Abstract
Description
特許文献1に開示されたエンジンの動弁装置は、カムシャフトのカムの回転を往復運動に変えて吸気弁や排気弁に伝達する2種類のロッカーアームと、吸気弁または排気弁の駆動形態を切替える切替機構とを備えている。カムは、バルブリフト量が相対的に多い第1のカムと、バルブリフト量が相対的に少ない第2のカムとによって構成されている。
切替機構は、上述した2種類のロッカーアームを選択的に連結するスライドピンと、このスライドピンに油圧を加えるアクチュエータと、スライドピンを一方のロッカーアーム内に戻すリターンスプリングなどによって構成されている。この切替機構は、第1のロッカーアームと第2のロッカーアームとが互いに連結されて一体に揺動する形態と、これら両ロッカーアームの連結が解除される形態とを切替えるものである。
第1のロッカーアームと第2のロッカーアームとは、スライドピンがこれら両者に跨る連結位置に移動することによって互いに連結される。この連結状態は、スライドピンが元の一方のロッカーアーム内に収容される非連結位置にリターンスプリングのばね力で移動することによって解除される。
第2の原因は、ロッカーアームが連結状態から非連結状態へ移行する際に、吸気弁または排気弁が開いている時期に、スライドピンに作用する摩擦力が小さくなって、スライドピンの嵌合がリターンスプリングのばね力により外れることであると考えられる。
このため、従来のこの種のエンジンの動弁装置においては、上述したはじかれ現象の発生を防止することが要請されている。
以下、本発明に係るエンジンの動弁装置の一実施の形態を図1~図16によって詳細に説明する。この実施の形態に示すエンジンの動弁装置は、請求項1~請求項3と、請求項5と、請求項8および請求項12に記載した発明を構成するものである。
第3のピン孔38には、第3の切替ピン29が移動自在に嵌合している。この第3の切替ピン29の長さは、第3のピン孔38の長さと同一である。しかし、第3の切替ピン29の長さは、非連結時に隣り合うピン孔との嵌合が回避できる構成であれば、第3のピン孔38より長くても短くても構わない。第3の切替ピン29における第1のロッカーアーム25とは反対側の端部は、後述する駆動部23の押圧子41と対向している。駆動部23は、この押圧子41を使用して第3の切替ピン29を第1のロッカーアーム25に向けて押す機能を有している。
この実施の形態においては、第1~第3の切替ピン27~29によって、本発明でいう「弁駆動用カムからロッカーアームに至る動弁系を構成する部品の一部」が構成されている。
駆動部23から動力を切替部21に伝達する押圧子41は、図6および図7に示すように、円柱状に形成されており、支持部材31の軸孔42に移動自在に嵌合している。支持部材31は、図1に示すように、ロッカーシャフト30が貫通する基部43と、この基部43から突出する駆動部用ハウジング44とを有している。軸孔42は、ハウジング44に穿設されている。
この押圧子41には、図9に示すように、駆動部23の後述する駆動用レバー45が連結ピン46を介して回動自在に連結されている。押圧子41は、駆動用レバー45が揺動することによって、第2のアーム本体26bに対して前進したり後退したりする。このため、押圧子41は、図7に示す前進位置と、図6に示す後退位置との間で往復する。
回動軸51の他端部には、図4および図8に示すように、第1の突片52と第2の突片53とが設けられている。第1の突片52は、回動軸51からその軸線方向とは直交する一方に突出している。第2の突片53は、回動軸51から第1の突片52とは反対方向に突出している。
第1の突片52の急傾斜部59aと第2の突片53の急傾斜部59aは、請求項7記載の発明でいう「カム面」を構成するものである。
カムフォロア22は、円柱状に形成されており、ハウジング44にカムシャフト14の軸心に対して接近あるいは離間する方向である第1の方向へ移動自在に支持されている。
移動部材54は、栓部材66とシリンダ孔56の底部56aとの間で往復可能である。この移動部材54は、油圧装置62によりピストン61に油圧が加えられることによって、ばね部材63のばね力に抗して栓部材66側へ移動する。また、移動部材54は、油圧装置62の油圧が消失することによって、ばね部材63のばね力でシリンダ孔56の底部56a側へ移動する。
スライドピン55は、カムフォロア22より細い円柱状に形成されており、移動部材54の中央部を第1の方向に貫通する状態で移動部材54に第1の方向へ移動自在に支持されている。このスライドピン55の一端面は、移動部材54がシリンダ孔56内の一端から他端へ移動する過程で常にカムフォロア22の他端面と接触可能である。
移動部材54が移動し、上述した復帰用カム67によってスライドピン55が押されると、このスライドピン55がカムフォロア22を押し上げて押圧終了位置から押圧開始位置に戻す(図10参照)。
図8に示すように同期カム13のノーズ部13bがカムフォロア22と対向している場合は、カムフォロア22の押圧開始位置に戻る方向への移動が同期カム13によって規制される。このため、このようにカムフォロア22の移動が規制されている間は、移動部材54に油圧が加えられたとしても、スライドピン55が第2の突片53に当たった状態から移動部材54がさらに栓部材66側に移動することはない。
そして、この移動部材54の移動に伴って、傾斜している第1の突片52にスライドピン55が押し付けられながら滑り、同期カム13に接近する方向へ移動する。このようにスライドピン55が移動することによりカムフォロア22が押圧終了位置から押圧開始位置に戻される。
カムフォロア22が押圧開始位置に位置している状態(図14参照)で、同期カム13が回転すると、同期カム13のノーズ部13bがカムフォロア22と接触することにより、カムフォロア22が押圧終了位置に向かう方向へ押される。そして、カムフォロア22が図8に示す押圧終了位置に移動する。同期カム13のノーズ部13bがカムフォロア22を押すときは、図9に示すように、弁駆動用カム12のベース円部12aがローラ24に接触しているときである。
このように回動軸51が回ることにより、駆動用レバー45が図15に示す位置から図9に示す位置へ同図において時計方向に揺動する。このように駆動用レバー45が揺動するときは、吸気弁4または排気弁5が閉じていて第1のアーム本体26aと第2のアーム本体26bに駆動力が伝達されていないとき(第1~第3の切替ピン27~29の移動が規制されることがないとき)である。
このように第1~第3の切替ピン27~29が連結位置に移動することにより、第1のロッカーアーム25と第2のロッカーアーム26とが連結される。この結果、吸気弁4または排気弁5が弁駆動用カム12によって駆動されるようになり、エンジン2の運転形態が全気筒運転形態に移行する。
このようにはじかれ現象が生じることがないために、吸気弁4または排気弁5が急激に閉じて破損したり、第1~第3の切替ピン27~29が過大な負荷によって破損することもない。
したがって、この実施の形態によれば、部品の破損を確実に防ぐことができるとともに、吸気弁または排気弁の駆動形態を切替える動作の信頼性が高いエンジンの動弁装置を提供することができる。
他方の突片は、一方の突片を押したスライドピン55が他方の突片に向かう方向へ移動部材54とともに移動することによって、スライドピン55をカムフォロア22側に押圧してカムフォロア22を押圧開始位置に戻す復帰用カム67として機能するものである。
この実施の形態によれば、カムフォロア22の往復運動を回動運動に変換する第1、第2の突片52,53を利用してカムフォロア22を押圧開始位置に戻すことができる。このため、専らカムフォロア22を押圧開始位置に戻すための機構が不要になるから、部品数が低減されるとともに駆動部23をコンパクトに形成することが可能になる。
このため、ピストン61に油圧が加えられることによって、移動部材54がばね部材63のばね力に抗して第2の方向の他方(栓部材66側)に移動する。また、この移動部材54は、ピストン61に加えられた油圧が消失することによって、ばね部材63のばね力により第2の方向の一方(シリンダ孔56の底部56a側)に移動する。すなわち、移動部材54は、油圧が供給される状態と、油圧が消失する状態とが交互に繰り返されることによって往復する。
したがって、この実施の形態によれば、切替部21の切替動作を油圧によって制御するので、油圧装置62の油圧ポンプや切替弁を切替機構3から離した位置に配置できる。このため、切替部21の切替動作を例えばソレノイド等で機械的に操作するものと較べて、切替機構3のレイアウト自由度が大きい。
このため、スライドピン55がカム面59に沿って移動している途中でカムフォロア22から押圧力が加えられた場合は、スライドピン55が第1および第2の突片52,53や回動軸51を無理に押すことなく、凹部60の中に退避する。したがって、この実施の形態によれば、動作がより一層円滑なエンジンの動弁装置を提供することができる。
このため、この実施の形態によれば、吸気弁4または排気弁5が駆動される第1の駆動形態と、吸気弁4または排気弁5が停止される第2の駆動形態とを正確に切替えることが可能なエンジンの動弁装置を提供することができる。
この実施の形態によれば、複数の気筒のうち一部の気筒を選択的に休止できるエンジンの動弁装置を提供することができる。
切替機構の駆動部に設けられているアクチュエータは、図18および図19に示すように構成することができる。これらの図において、図1~図17によって説明したものと同一もしくは同等の部材については、同一符号を付し詳細な説明を適宜省略する。この実施の形態による油圧装置は、請求項4に記載されているものである。
この実施の形態による移動部材54は、図18に示すように、第2のピストン72に油圧が加えられることによって、シリンダ孔56の底部56a側に移動する。また、この移動部材54は、第1のピストン61に油圧が加えられることによって、図19に示すように、栓部材66側に移動する。このように移動部材54が第2の方向に移動するときは、カムフォロア22が同期カム13のベース円部13aに対向するときである。
移動部材54がこの圧縮コイルばね73のばね力によって押されてシリンダ孔56の底部56a側に移動すると、第1の実施の形態を採るときの図9に示すように、押圧子41が後退位置に移動し、第1~第3の切替ピン27~29が連結位置に移動する。このため、何らかの原因で油圧が絶たれたとしても、動弁装置1が上述した第1の駆動形態になるから、エンジン2を通常通りに運転することができる。この第1の駆動形態は、全気筒運転形態であり、エンジン2を始動するのに有利な側の駆動形態であって、またアイドリング時に採られる駆動形態である。
第1のオイル通路74と第2のオイル通路75は、図示してはいないが、切替機構3を有する全ての気筒の吸気弁用および排気弁用の切替機構3のシリンダ孔56をそれぞれ切替弁65に接続している。
したがって、この実施の形態によれば、切替部21の両方向への切替動作を油圧によって制御することができるから、ばね部材63を有する第1の実施の形態を採る場合と較べて、油圧の大きさを設定するうえで自由度が高くなる。この実施の形態においては、第1の実施の形態のばね部材63のような大きなばね力に抗して移動部材54を押す必要がないから、その分、油圧を低く設定することが可能になる。このことは、油圧ポンプ64の常用回転数が相対的に低くなり、エンジン1の回転速度が低くても切替動作が可能になることを意味する。
このため、何らかの原因で油圧が絶たれたとしても、エンジン2を何ら支障なく運転することができるから、信頼性が高いエンジンの動弁装置を提供することができる。
切替機構に設けられている伝動機構は、図20~図22に示すように構成することができる。図20~図22において、図1~図19によって説明したものと同一もしくは同等の部材については、同一符号を付し詳細な説明を適宜省略する。
図20~図22に示す切替機構3の伝動機構は、回動軸51の一端部に固定されて回動軸51と一体に回動する駆動用レバー45と、第3の切替ピン29と対向する押圧子41と、駆動用レバー45に押圧子41を連結する連結用レバー81とによって構成されている。駆動用レバー45は、請求項6記載の発明でいう「第1のレバー」を構成するものである。連結用レバー81は、請求項6記載の発明でいう「第2のレバー」を構成するものである。
この連結用レバー81の一端部は、押圧子41に第1の連結軸81aによって回動自在に連結されており、押圧子41を介して上述した動弁系を構成する部品の一部に連結されている。連結用レバー81の他端部は、駆動用レバー45の回動端部に第2の連結軸81bによって回動自在に連結されている。第1の連結軸81aと第2の連結軸81bの軸線は、回動軸51および支軸82の軸線と平行である。
連結用レバー81の一端部側の長さL1は、図22においては、他端部側の長さL2と同じとなっているが、L1とL2の長さの比を変えることで適宜レバーの動作量を変えることができる。長さL1は、支軸82の軸心と第1の連結軸81aの軸心との間の距離である。長さL2は、支軸82の軸心と第2の連結軸81bの軸心との間の距離である。
本発明に係るエンジンの動弁装置は、図23~図26に示すように構成することができる。図23~図26において、図1~図22によって説明したものと同一もしくは同等の部材については、同一符号を付し詳細な説明を適宜省略する。この実施の形態に示すエンジンの動弁装置は、請求項9と請求項13に記載した発明を構成するものである。また、この実施の形態によるエンジンの動弁装置は、上述した各実施の形態に示す動弁装置とは、カムシャフト14と切替機構3の切替部21の構成が異なり、その他の構成は同等である。
これらの第1~第3のピン孔34,37,38には、第1~第3の切替ピン27~29が移動自在に嵌合している。
この実施の形態においては、第1~第3の切替ピン27~29によって、本発明でいう「弁駆動用カムからロッカーアームに至る動弁系を構成する部品の一部」が構成されている。
このため、この実施の形態によれば、吸気弁4または排気弁5のバルブリフト量が多くなる第1の駆動形態と、吸気弁4または排気弁5のバルブリフト量が少なくなる第2の駆動形態とを正確に切替えることが可能なエンジンの動弁装置を提供することができる。
また、吸気弁4または排気弁5のバルブリフト量が異なる複数の駆動形態を切替えるためには、吸気弁4側と排気弁5側との少なくともいずれか一方に切替機構3を設ければよい。例えば、吸気弁4側にのみ切替機構3を設けたり、排気弁5側にのみ切替機構3を設けることができる。
このため、この実施の形態による動弁装置91を装備することによって、エンジン2の動作を制御する際の自由度が高くなり、高性能なエンジンを得ることができる。
本発明に係るエンジンの動弁装置は、図27~図30に示すように構成することができる。図27~図30において、図1~図26によって説明したものと同一もしくは同等の部材については、同一符号を付し詳細な説明を適宜省略する。この実施の形態に示すエンジンの動弁装置は、請求項10に記載した発明を構成するものである。また、この実施の形態によるエンジンの動弁装置は、上述した各実施の形態に示す動弁装置とは、カムシャフト14と切替機構3の切替部21の構成が異なり、その他の構成は同等である。
この実施の形態においては、ロッカーアーム9によって、本発明でいう「弁駆動用カムからロッカーアームに至る動弁系を構成する部品の一部」が構成されている。
ロッカーアームが移動する切替部を有する動弁装置は、図31~図34に示すように構成することができる。図31~図34において、図1~図30によって説明したものと同一もしくは同等の部材については、同一符号を付し詳細な説明を適宜省略する。
これらの第1のロッカーアーム25および第2のロッカーアーム26と半筒状軸105は、ロッカーシャフト30に軸線方向へ移動自在に支持されているとともに、ロッカーシャフト30に回動自在に支持されている。
連結片106は、このスライダ107の軸線方向の中央部に設けられており、駆動部23の駆動用レバー45に回動自在に連結されている。
ロッカーアームが移動する切替部を有する動弁装置は、図35に示すように構成することができる。図35において、図1~図34によって説明したものと同一もしくは同等の部材については、同一符号を付し詳細な説明を適宜省略する。
各ロッカーアーム9の中間部分にはローラ24が設けられている。このローラ24は、後述するように第1のカム92または第2のカム93と接触して回転する。
リンク機構112は、吸気弁駆動用の2個のロッカーアーム9Aを連結する第1のリンク113と、排気弁駆動用の2個のロッカーアーム9Bを連結する第2のリンク114と、これらの第1のリンク113と第2のリンク114とを連結する第3のリンク115とによって構成されている。
第1のリンク113の他端部は、図示してはいないが、吸気弁駆動用の他方のロッカーアーム9Aに上述した連結構造116を介して連結されている。
この第1のリンク113の他端部には、駆動用レバー45の一端部が連結ピン119を介して回動自在に連結されている。
第2のリンク114の他端部は、排気弁駆動用の他方のロッカーアーム9Bに上述した連結構造120を介して連結されている。この第2のリンク114の他端部には、駆動用レバー45の他端部が連結ピン122を介して回動自在に連結されている。
第3のリンク115の一端部は、第1のリンク113の一端部に連結ピン124を介して回動自在に連結されている。第3のリンク115の他端部は、第2のリンク114の一端部に連結ピン125を介して連結されている。上述した連結ピン117,121,119,122,124,125の軸線は、回動軸51の軸線と平行である。
本発明に係るエンジンの動弁装置は、図36~図39に示すように構成することができる。図36~図39において、図1~図35によって説明したものと同一もしくは同等の部材については、同一符号を付し詳細な説明を適宜省略する。
図36に示す動弁装置131は、2種類の駆動形態を採るために、吸気弁4または排気弁5のバルブリフト量が異なる第1のカム92と第2のカム93とを備えている。これらの第1のカム92と第2のカム93は、カムシャフト本体11の軸線方向に並べられている。
この実施の形態による動弁装置131においては、図36に示すように、切替機構3の回動軸51が一方に回ることによって、第2のカム93がローラ24が接触するとともに第1のカム92がローラ24から離れる。この状態でカムシャフト14が回転することにより、図37に示すように、ロッカーアーム9が第2のカム93によって押されて揺動する。
このため、この実施の形態によれば、第1のカム92と第2のカム93とが移動することによって吸気弁4または排気弁5の駆動形態が切替えられるエンジンの動弁装置を提供することができる。
第1のカムと第2のカムが移動する切替部を有する動弁装置は、図40~図44に示すように構成することができる。図40~図44において、図1~図39によって説明したものと同一もしくは同等の部材については、同一符号を付し詳細な説明を適宜省略する。
図40に示す動弁装置131は、1気筒あたり2本ある吸気弁4または排気弁5をカムシャフト14とロッカーアーム9とによって駆動するものである。
2つカム部104は、それぞれ吸気弁4または排気弁5のバルブリフト量が異なる第1のカム92と第2のカム93とによって構成されている。
この実施の形態による第2のカム93は、第1のカム92のベース円部92aと同径の円筒状に形成されている。すなわち、第2のカム93にノーズ部は設けられていない。
摺動部145は、図40に示すように、ロッカーシャフト30に摺動自在に嵌合する形状に形成されている。
したがって、この実施の形態においては、第1のカム92および第2のカム93と同期カム13とが移動することにより吸気弁4または排気弁5の駆動形態が切替えられるエンジンの動弁装置を提供することができる。
Claims (13)
- 吸気弁または排気弁を駆動するための弁駆動用カムを有するカムシャフトと、
前記弁駆動用カムの回転を往復運動に変換して前記吸気弁または前記排気弁に伝達する機能を有するロッカーアームと、
前記弁駆動用カムと同期して回転する同期カムと、
前記同期カムによって規定された時期に前記吸気弁または前記排気弁の駆動形態を予め定めた第1の駆動形態と第2の駆動形態とのうちいずれか一方の駆動形態に切替える切替機構とを備え、
前記切替機構は、
前記弁駆動用カムから前記ロッカーアームに至る動弁系を構成する部品の一部が移動することにより前記駆動形態が切替えられる切替部と、
前記同期カムによって押されて移動するカムフォロアを有し、前記動弁系を構成する部品の一部を前記カムフォロアから受けた力で前記駆動形態が切替えられる方向に駆動する駆動部とを備え、
前記同期カムが前記カムフォロアを押す時期は、前記吸気弁または前記排気弁が閉じている時期であることを特徴とするエンジンの動弁装置。 - 請求項1記載のエンジンの動弁装置において、
前記カムフォロアは、その一端面が前記同期カムによって押される押圧開始位置と、前記同期カムによる押圧が終了した後の押圧終了位置との間で往復可能なものであり、
前記駆動部は、
前記カムフォロアと、
前記カムフォロアの他端面に一端が接触するスライドピンと、
前記スライドピンを前記カムフォロアの移動方向である第1の方向に移動自在に支持する機能を有し、前記第1の方向とは直交する第2の方向に移動自在に構成された移動部材と、
前記移動部材を前記第2の方向の一方または他方に駆動するアクチュエータと、
前記移動部材を挟んで前記カムフォロアと対向する位置に配置され、前記第2の方向とは直交する方向に延びる軸線を中心として回動自在に構成された回動軸と、
前記回動軸の回動動作と同期して前記切替部の前記動弁系を構成する部品の一部を前記切替部の駆動形態が切替えられる方向に移動させる伝動機構と、
前記回動軸からこの回動軸の軸線方向とは直交する一方に突出し、前記移動部材が前記第2の方向の一方に移動した状態で前記スライドピンの他端面と対向する第1の突片と、
前記回動軸から前記第1の突片とは反対方向に突出し、前記移動部材が前記第2の方向の他方に移動した状態で前記スライドピンの他端面と対向する第2の突片とを備え、
前記第1の突片と第2の突片とのうち、前記カムフォロアとの間に前記スライドピンが介在する一方の突片は、前記同期カムによって押された前記カムフォロアから前記スライドピンを介して押圧力を受け、この一方の突片が位置する一方へ前記回動軸を回すものであり、
他方の突片は、前記一方の突片を押したスライドピンが他方の突片に向かう方向へ前記移動部材とともに移動することによって、前記スライドピンを前記カムフォロア側に押圧して前記カムフォロアを前記押圧開始位置に戻す復帰用カムとして機能するものであることを特徴とするエンジンの動弁装置。 - 請求項2記載のエンジンの動弁装置において、
前記アクチュエータは、
前記移動部材の一端部に設けられた油圧ピストンを有する油圧装置と、
前記移動部材の他端部を前記一端部側に付勢するばね部材とを備えていることを特徴とするエンジンの動弁装置。 - 請求項2記載のエンジンの動弁装置において、
前記アクチュエータは、
前記移動部材の一端部に設けられた第1の油圧ピストンと、
前記移動部材の他端部に設けられた第2の油圧ピストンと
を有する油圧装置を備えていることを特徴とするエンジンの動弁装置。 - 請求項4記載のエンジンの動弁装置において、
さらに、前記移動部材を前記第2の方向の一方に付勢するばね部材を備え、
前記ばね部材が前記移動部材を付勢する方向は、前記第1の駆動形態と前記第2の駆動形態とのうち、エンジンを始動するのに有利な側の駆動形態に切替えられる方向であることを特徴とするエンジンの動弁装置。 - 請求項2ないし請求項5のうちいずれか一つに記載のエンジンの動弁装置において、
前記伝動機構は、
前記回動軸と一体に回動する第1のレバーと、
前記動弁系を構成する部品の一部に一端部が連結されるとともに前記第1のレバーの回動端部に他端部が連結され、前記回動軸の軸線と平行な軸線を中心として回動する第2のレバーとを備えていることを特徴とするエンジンの動弁装置。 - 請求項2ないし請求項6のうちいずれか一つに記載のエンジンの動弁装置において、
前記第1の突片と前記第2の突片との間に、前記カムフォロアによって押されて移動した前記スライドピンの先端部を収容可能な凹部が形成され、
前記凹部の内側壁は、前記第1の突片と前記第2の突片とにおける前記復帰用カムとして機能するカム面によって形成されていることを特徴とするエンジンの動弁装置。 - 請求項1ないし請求項7のうちいずれか一つに記載のエンジンの動弁装置において、
前記ロッカーアームは、
前記弁駆動用カムによって押されて揺動する第1のロッカーアームと、
前記第1のロッカーアームとは前記カムシャフトの軸線方向に隣り合う位置に揺動自在に設けられ、前記吸気弁または前記排気弁を押圧する押圧部が揺動端部に設けられた第2のロッカーアームとを備え、
前記第1のロッカーアームと前記第2のロッカーアームには、これらのロッカーアームを横切るように前記カムシャフトの軸線方向に延びるピン孔が形成され、
前記動弁系を構成する部品の一部は、前記ピン孔に移動自在に嵌合して前記カムシャフトの軸線方向に並ぶ複数の切替ピンによって構成され、
前記切替ピンは、前記回動軸が一方に回ることにより前記第1のロッカーアームと前記第2のロッカーアームとに跨る位置に移動して両ロッカーアームを連結し、前記回動軸が他方に回ることによって、第1のロッカームと第2のロッカーアームとに跨がる位置から移動して両ロッカーアームの連結状態を解除するものであることを特徴とするエンジンの動弁装置。 - 請求項1ないし請求項7のうちいずれか一つに記載のエンジンの動弁装置において、
前記弁駆動用カムは、バルブリフト量が異なりかつ前記カムシャフトの軸線方向に並ぶ第1のカムと第2のカムとを有し、
前記ロッカーアームは、
前記第1のカムと前記第2のカムとのうちバルブリフト量が相対的に多い一方のカムによって押されて揺動する第1のロッカーアームと、
前記第1のロッカーアームとは前記カムシャフトの軸線方向に隣り合う位置であって、前記第1のカムと前記第2のカムとの他方のカムが押圧可能な位置に揺動自在に設けられ、前記吸気弁または前記排気弁を押圧する押圧部が揺動端部に設けられた第2のロッカーアームとを備え、
前記第1のロッカーアームと前記第2のロッカーアームには、これらのロッカーアームを横切るように前記カムシャフトの軸線方向に延びるピン孔が形成され、
前記動弁系を構成する部品の一部は、前記ピン孔に移動自在に嵌合して前記カムシャフトの軸線方向に並ぶ複数の切替ピンによって構成され、
前記切替ピンは、前記回動軸が一方に回ることにより前記第1のロッカーアームと前記第2のロッカーアームとに跨る位置に移動して両ロッカーアームを連結し、前記回動軸が他方に回ることによって、第1のロッカーアームと第2のロッカーアームとに跨がる位置から移動して両ロッカーアームの連結状態を解除するものであることを特徴とするエンジンの動弁装置。 - 請求項1ないし請求項7のうちいずれか一つに記載のエンジンの動弁装置において、
前記ロッカーアームは、前記カムシャフトの軸線方向と平行な方向に延びるロッカーシャフトに前記軸線方向へ移動自在かつ揺動自在に支持され、
前記弁駆動用カムは、バルブリフト量が異なりかつ前記カムシャフトの軸線方向に並ぶ第1のカムと第2のカムとを有し、
前記動弁系を構成する部品の一部は、前記ロッカーアームであり、
このロッカーアームは、前記回動軸が一方に回ることにより前記第1のカムと前記第2のカムとのうち一方のカムに接触し、前記回動軸が他方に回ることによって、前記第1のカムと前記第2のカムとの他方のカムに接触するものであることを特徴とするエンジンの動弁装置。 - 請求項1ないし請求項7のうちいずれか一つに記載のエンジンの動弁装置において、
前記弁駆動用カムは、バルブリフト量が異なりかつ前記カムシャフトの軸線方向に並ぶ第1のカムと第2のカムとを有し、かつ前記カムシャフトに回転方向への相対移動が規制された状態で軸線方向へ移動自在に支持され、
前記動弁系を構成する部品の一部は、前記弁駆動用カムであり、
前記回動軸が一方に回ることにより前記第1のカムが前記ロッカーアームに接触するとともに前記第2のカムが前記ロッカーアームから離れ、
前記回動軸が他方に回ることによって、前記第1のカムが前記ロッカーアームから離れるとともに前記第2のカムが前記ロッカーアームに接触することを特徴とするエンジンの動弁装置。 - 請求項1ないし請求項11のうちいずれか一つに記載のエンジンの動弁装置において、
前記エンジンは多気筒エンジンであり、
前記第1の駆動形態は、前記吸気弁または前記排気弁が閉じた状態を維持する駆動形態であり、
前記第2の駆動形態は、前記吸気弁または前記排気弁が通常通りに駆動される駆動形態であり、
前記切替機構は、選択的に休止される気筒において前記吸気弁および前記排気弁の駆動形態を切替えるものであることを特徴とするエンジンの動弁装置。 - 請求項1ないし請求項11のうちいずれか一つに記載のエンジンの動弁装置において、
前記エンジンは多気筒エンジンであり、
前記第1の駆動形態は、前記吸気弁または前記排気弁のバルブリフト量が相対的に多くなる駆動形態であり、
前記第2の駆動形態は、前記吸気弁または前記排気弁のバルブリフト量が相対的に少なくなる駆動形態であり、
前記切替機構は、全ての気筒において前記吸気弁と前記排気弁とのうち少なくともいずれか一方の弁の駆動形態を切替えるものであることを特徴とするエンジンの動弁装置。
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WO2017061130A1 (ja) * | 2015-10-05 | 2017-04-13 | ヤマハ発動機株式会社 | エンジンの動弁装置 |
JP2017180398A (ja) * | 2016-03-31 | 2017-10-05 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 可変動弁装置 |
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CN113818945B (zh) * | 2021-09-30 | 2023-01-06 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | 一种发动机配气机构 |
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WO2017061130A1 (ja) * | 2015-10-05 | 2017-04-13 | ヤマハ発動機株式会社 | エンジンの動弁装置 |
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WO2017170920A1 (ja) * | 2016-03-31 | 2017-10-05 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 可変動弁装置 |
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