WO2015186679A1 - ドデカカルボニルトリルテニウムの精製方法 - Google Patents
ドデカカルボニルトリルテニウムの精製方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015186679A1 WO2015186679A1 PCT/JP2015/065832 JP2015065832W WO2015186679A1 WO 2015186679 A1 WO2015186679 A1 WO 2015186679A1 JP 2015065832 W JP2015065832 W JP 2015065832W WO 2015186679 A1 WO2015186679 A1 WO 2015186679A1
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- dcr
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- purifying
- recrystallization
- oxygen concentration
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- VMDTXBZDEOAFQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru].O=C VMDTXBZDEOAFQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 150
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 150000003304 ruthenium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005092 sublimation method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- GSNUFIFRDBKVIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N DMF Natural products CC1=CC=C(C)O1 GSNUFIFRDBKVIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 abstract description 33
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 abstract description 23
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 15
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 25
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 18
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004566 IR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K ruthenium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ru+3] YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 5
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000003303 ruthenium Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 4
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000004884 grey matter Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 DCR Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000231 atomic layer deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940063781 nitrogen 99 % Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940054975 nitrogen 99.99 % Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006315 carbonylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005810 carbonylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001095 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000989 no adverse effect Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OJLCQGGSMYKWEK-UHFFFAOYSA-K ruthenium(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [Ru+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OJLCQGGSMYKWEK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- GTCKPGDAPXUISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Ru+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O GTCKPGDAPXUISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013076 target substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic System
- C07F15/0006—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic System compounds of the platinum group
- C07F15/0046—Ruthenium compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G55/00—Compounds of ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, or platinum
- C01G55/007—Compounds containing at least one carbonyl group
- C01G55/008—Carbonyls
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D9/00—Crystallisation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic System
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/06—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of metallic material
- C23C16/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of metallic material from metal carbonyl compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/80—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70
- C01P2002/88—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70 by thermal analysis data, e.g. TGA, DTA, DSC
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/80—Compositional purity
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for purifying dodecacarbonyltriruthenium useful as a raw material for forming a ruthenium thin film or a ruthenium compound thin film by chemical vapor deposition.
- DCR dodecacarbonyl triruthenium
- DCR is a solid (orange crystal) substance at room temperature with a melting point of 154 to 155 ° C.
- DCR has a simple molecular structure composed of Ru and CO, and can be formed by thermal decomposition only without using a reaction gas.
- impurities such as hydrocarbons
- Patent Document 1 As a method for producing such DCR, there is a method in which a ruthenium compound is carbonylated to synthesize DCR, and then the synthesized DCR is purified (Patent Document 1).
- an ignition phenomenon may occur when the raw material container for forming the thin film is opened.
- an impurity element such as Fe, Al, or Cr mixed from a raw material or a constituent material of an apparatus is included in the synthesized DCR. For this reason, it is preferable to perform refinement
- DCR is suitable for purification by sublimation because it has the property of easily sublimating under reduced pressure.
- an impurity element such as Fe having a low sublimation pressure can be separated from the DCR by preferentially sublimating and collecting DCR having a high sublimation pressure.
- the operation process since the operation process is relatively simple, there is little loss of the target substance, and the purity of DCR can be improved efficiently.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a purification method for obtaining a DCR for a chemical vapor deposition raw material, in which no impurities are mixed into the thin film even when a ruthenium thin film is formed.
- the present inventors examined optimization of a purification method by a recrystallization method.
- the sublimation method is useful in that it can efficiently separate elements such as Fe that are difficult to sublimate, it cannot be separated when the contained impurities have sublimation properties like DCR.
- the sublimation method can reduce impurities efficiently by a relatively simple process, but separation is difficult when the amount of impurities is very small.
- the recrystallization method can remove a very small amount of impurities by using the difference in solubility between DCR and impurities in a predetermined solvent.
- the synthesized DCR and the DCR purified by the sublimation method may contain organic components derived from unreacted raw materials, various dusts, and the like. By selecting, DCR and the organic component can be separated.
- the present inventors examined a DCR purification method to which a recrystallization method was applied.
- gray impurities hereinafter referred to as “gray impurities”
- Called gray substance Since these gray substances were not seen before recrystallization, it is considered that they were generated during the recrystallization process due to some factors. Therefore, the present inventors diligently studied the conditions under which the gray substance does not occur after recrystallization while applying the recrystallization method, and came up with the following present invention.
- the present invention relates to a method for purifying an organic ruthenium compound for chemical vapor deposition raw material consisting of dodecacarbonyltriruthenium (DCR) represented by the following formula by a recrystallization method, and a recrystallization step for purifying DCR by a recrystallization method includes: A dissolution step for dissolving DCR in the solvent, a precipitation step for precipitating DCR in the solvent, and a recovery step for recovering the precipitated DCR. At least the dissolution step has a dissolved oxygen concentration of 0.2 mg / L or less in the solvent.
- the present invention relates to a method for purifying DCR.
- the purification method of the present invention is characterized in that the dissolved oxygen concentration in the solvent is maintained at 0.2 mg / L or less during the recrystallization step at least in the dissolution stage. This method makes it possible to separate even when the impurities contained in the DCR are very small, and no gray substance is generated after recrystallization. And when a ruthenium thin film is formed using DCR refine
- the limitation of the dissolved oxygen concentration of the solvent as described above is based on the result of detailed examination of the characteristics of the gray substance and the generation factors thereof as follows.
- IR infrared spectroscopy
- TG thermal decomposition
- these gray substances may be generated even after the synthesized DCR is purified by a sublimation method and then purified by a general recrystallization method. From this, it is considered that the gray substance has a sublimation property that sublimes with DCR in the sublimation step and a solubility that dissolves and precipitates with DCR in the recrystallization step.
- the gray substance shows characteristics close to those of DCR in terms of sublimation and solubility, although the characteristics such as constituent elements and thermal decomposability are clearly different from those of DCR. From the above verification results, the present inventors considered that the gray substance was a by-product generated by decomposition of DCR. The generation of such a by-product is considered to be caused by the reaction between DCR and oxygen in the recrystallization process, and the present invention has been conceived.
- DCR purification method will be described in detail step by step from the acquisition of the DCR to be purified to the recrystallization step.
- the DCR to be purified in the present invention can be obtained by a generally known synthesis method.
- a method of carbonylation using a ruthenium salt as a raw material can be used.
- a method of directly carbonylating a ruthenium salt with carbon monoxide (hereinafter referred to as a direct method) is preferable.
- a synthesis method is also known in which a ruthenium salt is used as a raw material, acetylacetonatoruthenium is obtained as an intermediate, and this intermediate is carbonylated.
- the method via an intermediate increases the number of steps and increases the chance of mixing impurities.
- the reaction conditions are preferably a reaction pressure of 0.2 to 0.9 MPa, a reaction temperature of 50 to 100 ° C., and a reaction time of 10 to 30 hours.
- the ruthenium salt used as a raw material for the direct method is preferably ruthenium chloride, ruthenium oxide, ruthenium nitrate, hexaamine ruthenium chloride, or ruthenium acetate, and particularly preferably ruthenium chloride. This is because these raw materials are commercially available substances and can be easily obtained.
- the raw material is preferably high purity.
- auxiliary metals having catalytic action are often used, but in the present invention, addition of auxiliary metals is unnecessary. This is because the application of the auxiliary metal becomes a factor of contamination of impurities.
- the DCR to be purified in the present invention may be obtained by the synthesis method described above, but a commercially available DCR may also be used.
- the collected used DCR can be a purification target.
- the purification process is performed on the DCR described above. Although only the recrystallization process may be performed as the purification process, it is preferable to perform a sublimation process in addition to the recrystallization process, and it is particularly preferable to perform the recrystallization process after the sublimation process.
- the sublimation method is suitable when an element such as Fe is contained in the DCR, and is effective in that impurities can be efficiently separated when the content of impurities is large. In this manner, in the sublimation step, the DCR whose impurity content has been reduced to some extent in advance is targeted for purification, so that a small amount of impurities contained in the DCR after sublimation can be efficiently removed by the recrystallization method.
- a known sublimation method When performing the sublimation process, a known sublimation method can be applied. Suitable conditions include a sublimation temperature of 80 to 120 ° C. and a sublimation pressure of 80 Pa or less.
- the recrystallization process is preferably performed on a DCR obtained by previously separating elements such as Fe by the sublimation process, but the DCR synthesized by the direct method may be used as it is.
- the specific procedure of the recrystallization step is performed sequentially in the following steps (1) to (5). Among these steps, the filtration step (2) and the drying step (5) can be omitted.
- (1) Step of dissolving DCR in a solvent (dissolution step) (2)
- the step of filtering the solvent in which DCR is dissolved (filtration step)
- a step of precipitating DCR in the solvent precipitation step
- the dissolved oxygen concentration of the solvent is set to 0.2 mg / L or less.
- the oxygen concentration is also reduced in the atmospheric gas in the reaction vessel in which the solvent exists.
- the atmosphere in reaction container is oxygen concentration 0.1 vol% or less, and 0.07 vol% or less is especially preferable.
- the lower limit is not particularly limited, but considering that there is a limit to the range of oxygen concentration that can be reduced by a general method with respect to the oxygen concentration in the container, the lower limit is approximately 0.04 vol%.
- a method for reducing the dissolved oxygen concentration in the solvent and the oxygen concentration in the atmosphere in the reaction vessel a method of reducing the dissolved oxygen concentration by sending an inert gas into the solvent and bubbling, or in the atmosphere Any method such as a method of replacing the gas with an inert gas can be adopted.
- the oxygen concentration the dissolved oxygen concentration in the solvent of 0.2 mg / L or less or the oxygen concentration of 0.1 vol% or less in the solvent
- the size of the reaction vessel, the solvent Depending on the amount of gas, a relatively long bubbling and a plurality of inert gas replacements are required.
- the present invention reliably suppresses the generation of gray matter by setting the upper limit of the oxygen concentration to a relatively strict value.
- a known inert gas such as nitrogen gas or argon gas can be used as the inert gas for bubbling the solvent or replacing the gas in the atmosphere.
- the solubility of DCR is high when the temperature is raised and is small when cooling, and the solubility of impurities is remarkably lower than that of DCR or is significantly higher than that of DCR. Those that do not precipitate during cooling are preferred.
- the solvent that satisfies the above requirements include acetone, dichloromethane, DMF, ethyl acetate, chloroform, toluene, acetonitrile, and THF.
- the above solvent is preferably used in the dissolution stage after removing impurities in the solvent by distillation or the like in advance.
- the solvent may be optionally heated to ensure that the DCR is dissolved.
- the solvent temperature is preferably in the range of 55 to 130 ° C.
- DCR dissolved in a solvent is precipitated.
- the dissolved oxygen concentration in the solvent and the oxygen concentration in the atmosphere
- it is preferable to precipitate the DCR by cooling the solvent to 5 to 30 ° C. in this precipitation stage.
- the precipitated crystalline DCR is recovered using an arbitrary filtration method or the like. Since the DCR after recovery contains a small amount of solvent, it is preferable to perform the following drying step.
- the drying step is preferably performed by vacuum drying.
- the oxygen concentration is reduced by bubbling using an inert gas, etc., but in the drying stage, the inert gas is not used, and the inside of the drying container is decompressed to reduce the oxygen concentration. It is preferable to reduce the oxygen concentration.
- the generation of gray matter can be suppressed by reducing the oxygen concentration using an inert gas, whereas when an inert gas is used in the drying stage, the detailed reason is unknown. This is because even if the oxygen concentration is 0.1 vol% or less, gray matter may be generated.
- the drying step is preferably performed at 0 to 40 ° C.
- an optional filtration step may be performed after the dissolution step and before the precipitation step.
- the filtration step can remove impurities insoluble in the solvent in the solvent in which the DCR is dissolved.
- a method in which the solvent is used in a small amount and the solvent is removed by evaporation can be applied.
- the purification method of the present invention impurities can be separated from DCR even when the amount of impurities mixed is very small.
- the DCR obtained by the method of the present invention can avoid mixing impurities into the formed film when a ruthenium thin film is formed.
- the purification method of the present invention can also be applied to recover and purify DCR from a used compound after thin film formation.
- the flowchart of the process of the Example in embodiment Schematic of the recrystallization apparatus in an embodiment.
- Crude DCR crystals were synthesized by a direct method using ruthenium chloride as a raw material, and then purified by a sublimation method and a recrystallization method. During the purification, when the nitrogen concentration was reduced by supplying nitrogen gas (Example) and when the nitrogen gas was not supplied (Comparative Example 1), purification was performed, and the obtained DCR was evaluated.
- FIG. 1 shows a process flow diagram for the embodiment.
- Sublimation process The DCR crude crystals obtained above were first purified by the sublimation method. In the sublimation step, DCR crude crystals were put into a pear-type sublimator, and sublimation was performed under the following conditions. Degree of vacuum: 1Pa Temperature: 95 ° C Sublimation time: 6 hours Cooling water temperature: 8 ° C
- the content of the impurity element was measured by ICP-MS for the DCR crude crystals collected in the cooling section.
- Fe, Li, Na, Mg, Al, Ca, K, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sr, Y, Mo, Ir, Pt, Au, Pb, Th, U were 1 ppm or less.
- the recrystallization apparatus shown in FIG. 2 was used.
- This recrystallization apparatus includes a distillation tank (D) for previously distilling a solvent for dissolving DCR crude crystals, a dissolution tank (S) for dissolving DCR crystals, and a crystallization tank (P) for precipitating DCR.
- a solvent and an inert gas can be supplied into D.
- DCR crude crystals can be introduced into the dissolution tank S. Between each tank, it connects with the pipe which can transfer the solution in a tank, and the valve 20 is provided in each pipe.
- the pipe for transferring the solution from the dissolution tank S and the crystallization tank P is provided with a filtering means 30.
- the oxygen concentration in the atmosphere in each tank can be reduced by the following procedure. Specifically, the distillation tank D, the dissolution tank S, and the crystallization tank P are depressurized in each tank with all the valves 20 open, and then an inert gas is supplied to the distillation tank D. Then, the atmosphere gas in the dissolution tank S and the crystallization tank P connected thereto is replaced with an inert gas. By repeating the replacement with the inert gas a plurality of times, the oxygen concentration in the atmosphere in each tank can be reduced to a predetermined amount or less.
- the dissolved oxygen concentration in the solvent also becomes a predetermined amount or less, and it becomes possible to obtain a suitable oxygen concentration in the following purification method. .
- the oxygen concentration in the atmosphere and the dissolved oxygen concentration in the solvent were confirmed when the atmosphere gas in each tank was replaced with an inert gas using the recrystallization apparatus. Specifically, after the recrystallization apparatus was opened to the atmosphere for 10 minutes, the pressure was reduced to ⁇ 0.09 MPa or less. Thereafter, nitrogen gas (99.99% nitrogen) was purged from the distillation tank to the entire apparatus, and then the valve of each tank was closed. This purge with nitrogen gas was repeated four times. Further, 5 L of ethyl acetate was charged into the dissolution tank (S) and the crystallization tank (P) purged with nitrogen gas as described above.
- the results of measuring oxygen concentration in the atmosphere in each tank with an oxygen concentration meter are shown below.
- the following result is a value after 3 minutes after flowing the gas in each tank to the oximeter.
- the dissolved oxygen concentration in the solvent was calculated from a proportional relationship with the oxygen concentration in the atmosphere, with the dissolved oxygen amount of ethyl acetate in the air being 43.23 mg / L.
- the dissolved oxygen concentration in the solvent in each tank was measured, and the result was shown below.
- the filtrate obtained after filtration was charged into a crystallization tank in which nitrogen gas was substituted four times in advance so that the dissolved oxygen concentration in the solvent was 0.2 mg / L or less and the oxygen concentration was 0.1 vol% or less.
- the solution in the crystallization tank was cooled to 20 ° C. and then filtered to collect the precipitated DCR crystals. Thereafter, the DCR was dried at 23 ° C. for 48 hours in a drying furnace depressurized to 500 Pa. The obtained DCR was about 85 g.
- Comparative Example 1 For the above examples, the same DCR crystal 16 g as above was sublimated without limiting the oxygen concentration without performing nitrogen gas replacement in the distillation tank, dissolution tank, crystallization tank, and decompression in the drying furnace.
- the DCR was purified by a recrystallization method. The amount of ethyl acetate used was 0.8 L. Other recrystallization conditions were the same as in the examples.
- a gray substance was mixed in an orange crystal (DCR). When this substance (gray substance) was sampled, 0.2 g of the gray substance was contained with respect to 14.5 g of the obtained DCR crystals.
- the DCR crystal and the gray substance were subjected to elemental analysis (CHN), IR analysis, and TG-DTA analysis, and the characteristics were compared.
- CHN elemental analysis
- IR analysis IR analysis
- TG-DTA analysis was performed under two types of measurement conditions: Air (FIG. 4) and N 2 atmosphere (FIG. 5). The results are shown in Table 3 and FIGS.
- the gray substance has a different constituent element ratio from the DCR crystal, and in particular, hydrogen H that is not originally included in the DCR is present. Moreover, in the result of IR analysis of FIG. 3, the detection peak of the gray substance was clearly different from that of the DCR crystal. In addition, in the TG-DTA measurement results of FIGS. 4 and 5, different detection peaks were observed for the DCR crystal and the gray substance both in the presence of Air (FIG. 4) and in an N 2 atmosphere (FIG. 5).
- Comparative Example 2 The DCR was recrystallized using a mixed gas of 1% oxygen and 99% nitrogen in place of the nitrogen gas in the examples (99.99% nitrogen).
- gas purging in the apparatus was not performed in advance, and after introducing ethyl acetate into the apparatus, the gas was introduced into the dissolution tank (S) and crystallization tank (P) in FIG. 2 at 2 L / min. And recrystallized. About other conditions, it carried out by the method similar to an Example, and the depositing DCR crystal
- the obtained DCR crystals were orange crystals as in the example, but when the filter paper after filtration was confirmed, a small amount of black residue remained on the surface. There was no such residue in the examples. From this, it was shown that when a mixed gas containing 1% oxygen gas was used, a substance different from the DCR crystal was generated.
- a sublimation test using the oxygen-containing gas was performed as an additional experiment for confirming the presence of a substance other than DCR, which was generated when a mixed gas containing 1% oxygen (nitrogen 99%) was used. .
- a sublimation test was performed at a temperature of 110 ° C., a pressure of 0.2 torr, a carrier gas (carbon monoxide, a flow rate of 50 sccm), a sublimation time of 24 hours, and a sample amount of 5 g.
- a sublimation test was similarly performed when the purge gas was nitrogen gas (nitrogen 99.99%). The observation photograph in the reaction container after the sublimation test is shown in FIG.
- FIG. 5 indicates that when nitrogen gas (nitrogen 99.99%) was used, nothing remained in the reaction vessel after sublimation, and all of the DCR was sublimated. On the other hand, when a mixed gas containing 1% oxygen (nitrogen 99%) was used, a slight residue was present in the reaction vessel. From the above, it was confirmed that a product other than DCR was generated in the purification in the presence of 1% oxygen.
- the DCR purification method using the recrystallization method it is possible to reduce a trace amount of impurities in the DCR while suppressing the generation of by-products.
- the purification method of the present invention can also be applied to the case of recycling used DCR collected after chemical vapor deposition.
Abstract
Description
(1)DCRを溶媒に溶解させる段階(溶解段階)
(2)DCRが溶解した溶媒をろ過する段階(ろ過段階)
(3)溶媒中のDCRを析出させる段階(析出段階)
(4)析出したDCRを回収する段階(回収段階)
(5)回収したDCRを乾燥させる段階(乾燥段階)
塩化ルテニウム158g(田中貴金属工業(株)製、ルテニウム含有量:38.67%、塩素含有量47.4wt%)と1-プロパノール6000mlとを混合・攪拌し、これを反応容器である容量10Lのオートクレーブ(鋼製)に導入した。そして、反応容器にトリエチルアミン269gを添加し、更に0.35MPaまで一酸化炭素ガスを封入した。一酸化炭素を供給して上記反応圧を保ったまま、反応温度85℃に昇温させてDCRの合成反応を進行させた。溶液を攪拌しながら17時間反応させた。合成反応後、反応液を冷却し、濾過して濾過物を取り出し、橙色のDCR粗結晶116gを得た。このDCR粗結晶の純度は、99%であった。
上記で得られたDCR粗結晶を、まず昇華法により精製した。昇華工程は、梨型昇華器にDCR粗結晶を投入し、下記条件にて昇華を行った。
真空度:1Pa
温度:95℃
昇華時間:6時間
冷却水温度:8℃
ここで、上記再結晶装置を用いて各槽内の雰囲気ガスを不活性ガスに置換した場合における、雰囲気中の酸素濃度と溶媒中の溶存酸素濃度の値を確認した。具体的には、上記再結晶装置を10分間大気開放した後、-0.09MPa以下に減圧した。その後、蒸留槽から装置全体に窒素ガス(窒素99.99%)をパージし、その後、各槽のバルブを閉じた。この窒素ガスによるパージを4回繰り返した。また、上記により窒素ガスをパージした溶解槽(S)及び晶析槽(P)内に酢酸エチル5Lを投入した。各槽内の雰囲気中の酸素濃度について、酸素濃度計で測定した結果を以下に示す。尚、下記結果は、各槽内の気体を酸素濃度計に流した後、3分後の値である。溶媒中の溶存酸素濃度は、大気中の酢酸エチルの溶存酸素量を43.23mg/Lとして、雰囲気中の酸素濃度との比例関係より算出した。また、窒素ガスを4回置換した場合については、各槽内の溶媒中の溶存酸素濃度の実測を行い、結果を下記に示した。
上記再結晶装置を用いて、DCR粗結晶を再結晶法により精製した。まず、溶媒として酢酸エチル5.3Lを蒸留槽に投入した。バルブを閉じた蒸留槽内に窒素ガスを4回置換し、溶媒中の溶存酸素濃度を0.2mg/L以下、酸素濃度を0.1vol%以下とした。その後、酢酸エチルを蒸留し、初留300mlは廃棄し、本留を5L採取して溶解工程に用いた。
上記実施例に対し、上記と同じDCR結晶16gを、蒸留槽、溶解槽、晶析槽内の窒素ガス置換、及び、乾燥炉内の減圧を行わず、酸素濃度を制限せずに、昇華法、再結晶法でDCRを精製した。酢酸エチルの使用量は0.8Lとした。その他の再結晶条件は、実施例と同様とした。得られたDCRには、オレンジ色の結晶(DCR)中に、灰色の物質が混入していた。この物質(灰色物質)を採取してみると、得られたDCR結晶14.5gに対し、灰色物質は0.2g含まれていた。このDCR結晶と灰色物質について、元素分析(CHN)、IR分析、及びTG-DTA分析を行い、特性を比較した。TG-DTAについては、測定条件をAir存在下(図4)、N2雰囲気下(図5)の2種類で分析を行った。それぞれ結果を、表3、図3~5に示す。
実施例における窒素ガス(窒素99.99%)に代えて、1%酸素と99%窒素との混合ガスを用いてDCRの再結晶を行った。この比較例では、装置内の事前のガスパージは行わず、酢酸エチルを装置内に投入した後、図2における溶解槽(S)と晶析槽(P)に上記ガスを2L/minで導入して再結晶を行った。その他の条件については、実施例と同様の方法で行い、析出したDCR結晶をろ過により採取した。
S 溶解槽
P 晶析槽
20 バルブ
30 ろ過手段
Claims (8)
- 少なくとも溶解段階は、酸素濃度0.1vol%以下の雰囲気中で行う請求項1記載のDCRの精製方法。
- 再結晶工程は、回収したDCRを乾燥させる乾燥段階をさらに含み、乾燥段階は500Pa以下の減圧下で行う請求項1又は請求項2記載のDCRの精製方法。
- 溶解段階では、アセトン、ジクロロメタン、DMF、酢酸エチル、クロロホルム、トルエン、アセトニトリル、THFのいずれか1種以上の溶媒にDCRを溶解させる請求項1~請求項3のいずれかに記載のDCRの精製方法。
- 溶解段階後、析出段階前に、DCRが溶解した溶媒をろ過する段階をさらに含む請求項1~4のいずれかに記載のDCRの精製方法。
- 溶解段階は、55~130℃で行う請求項1~5のいずれかに記載のDCRの精製方法。
- 乾燥段階は、0~40℃で行う請求項3~6のいずれかに記載のDCRの精製方法。
- 再結晶工程は、昇華法によりDCRを精製する昇華工程後に行う請求項1~7のいずれかに記載のDCRの精製方法。
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M. L. GREEN: "Chemical Vapor Deposition of Ruthenium and Ruthenium Dioxide Films", J. ELECTROCHEM. SOC., vol. 132, no. i ssue 11, 1985, pages 2677 - 2685, XP002924986 * |
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