WO2015184842A1 - 单点悬挂装置 - Google Patents

单点悬挂装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015184842A1
WO2015184842A1 PCT/CN2015/072159 CN2015072159W WO2015184842A1 WO 2015184842 A1 WO2015184842 A1 WO 2015184842A1 CN 2015072159 W CN2015072159 W CN 2015072159W WO 2015184842 A1 WO2015184842 A1 WO 2015184842A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
point suspension
suspension device
beam structure
center
axle assembly
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2015/072159
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
何炽峰
麦志成
Original Assignee
佛山市何氏协力机械制造有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 佛山市何氏协力机械制造有限公司 filed Critical 佛山市何氏协力机械制造有限公司
Priority to EP15803817.4A priority Critical patent/EP3150411A4/en
Publication of WO2015184842A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015184842A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G11/00—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs
    • B60G11/22—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs having rubber springs only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G11/00—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs
    • B60G11/22—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs having rubber springs only
    • B60G11/23—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs having rubber springs only of the torsional-energy-absorption type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G11/00—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs
    • B60G11/22—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs having rubber springs only
    • B60G11/24—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs having rubber springs only characterised by means specially adapted for attaching the spring to axle or sprung part of the vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G5/00—Resilient suspensions for a set of tandem wheels or axles having interrelated movements
    • B60G5/02—Resilient suspensions for a set of tandem wheels or axles having interrelated movements mounted on a single pivoted arm, e.g. the arm being rigid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G5/00—Resilient suspensions for a set of tandem wheels or axles having interrelated movements
    • B60G5/04—Resilient suspensions for a set of tandem wheels or axles having interrelated movements with two or more pivoted arms, the movements of which are resiliently interrelated, e.g. the arms being rigid
    • B60G5/06—Resilient suspensions for a set of tandem wheels or axles having interrelated movements with two or more pivoted arms, the movements of which are resiliently interrelated, e.g. the arms being rigid the arms turning on a common pivot, e.g. being rigid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2202/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of spring, damper or actuator
    • B60G2202/10—Type of spring
    • B60G2202/14—Plastic spring, e.g. rubber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2202/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of spring, damper or actuator
    • B60G2202/10—Type of spring
    • B60G2202/14—Plastic spring, e.g. rubber
    • B60G2202/141—Plastic spring, e.g. rubber subjected to tension

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a suspension device, and more particularly to a single point suspension device for a frame and a tire of a trailer or a semi-trailer which is made of a rubber spring.
  • the existing single-point suspension device for trailers and semi-trailers uses a leaf spring 101 as a buffer member, horizontally mounted at both ends of the center axle assembly, and is connected to the center axle assembly and the axle assembly.
  • the leaf spring is made by stacking a plurality of metal plates.
  • the volume and weight of the leaf spring are large, which causes the single-point suspension to be bulky, reducing the effective load of the vehicle and increasing fuel consumption.
  • the leaf spring is prone to rust after weathering, which affects the performance and requires high lubrication.
  • the traditional single-point suspension can only adjust the balance of the front and rear tires, can not adjust the balance of the left and right tires, reduce the stability of the vehicle anti-roll, affect the driving quality.
  • a single point suspension device includes a first axle assembly and a second axle assembly for mounting a tire, and further comprising:
  • a central axle platform fixedly coupled to the frame and a center axle
  • the two ends of the first balance beam structure are fixedly connected to the first axle assembly and the second axle assembly, respectively, and the two ends of the second balance beam structure are fixedly connected to the first axle assembly and the second axle assembly, respectively.
  • the two ends of the central shaft are fixedly connected to the beam center position of the first balance beam structure and the second balance beam structure by U-bolts.
  • the single-point suspension device wherein the first balance beam structure and the second balance beam structure are fixedly connected to the middle shaft through the middle bearing seat, and the middle shaft and the middle bearing seat are disposed in the middle
  • the shaft bushing is arranged, and the oil seal ring and the oil seal seat are respectively arranged on both sides of the middle shaft copper sleeve, and the base of the middle bearing seat is fixed on the backing plate of the balance beam structure by U-bolts.
  • the single-point suspension device wherein the first and second balance beam structures respectively comprise a square tube provided with positioning holes at both ends and a pad disposed at a central position of the square tube for mounting the U-shaped bolt.
  • the single-point suspension device wherein the square tube is made of low-carbon alloy steel, which is extruded into a square shape by a hollow circular tube by a pushing machine, and then processed by heat treatment.
  • the single-point suspension device wherein three equal-height variable stiffness springs are disposed, wherein the first variable stiffness spring, the second variable stiffness spring, and the third variable stiffness spring respectively correspond to the first top plate of the central axis platform,
  • the two top plates and the third top plate are kept at a certain distance, and the distance between the first variable stiffness spring and the first top plate is equal to the distance between the third variable stiffness spring and the second top plate, and is smaller than the distance between the second variable stiffness spring and the second top plate.
  • the single-point suspension device wherein a spring seat for fixing a shear spring or/and a variable stiffness spring is disposed on the central shaft, and the shear spring is disposed on a side plate of the center shaft platform and a spring seat side Between the plates, the variable stiffness spring is disposed between the top plate platform top plate and the spring seat top plate.
  • the single-point suspension device wherein the center-axis platform is symmetrically disposed on two sides of a vertical plane passing through a center of the center axis and perpendicular to the axial direction of the center axis, and two sides are respectively disposed on two side plates of the center-axis platform Shear spring.
  • the single-point suspension device wherein the first balance beam structure is disposed in parallel with the second balance beam structure and perpendicular to an axial direction of the first axle assembly or the first axle assembly.
  • variable stiffness spring comprises an elastic body made of an elastic material, a steel plate disposed at the bottom of the elastic body and wrapped by the elastic body, and at least one disposed at the bottom of the elastic body for Install the mounting holes for the fasteners.
  • the single-point suspension device wherein the shear spring comprises an elastic body made of an elastic material, a plurality of steel plates disposed in the elastic body and wrapped by the elastic body, and a plurality of materials disposed on the top of the elastic body. a mounting hole for mounting the fastener and a plurality of mounting holes for mounting the fastener at the bottom of the elastic body.
  • the single point suspension device wherein the shear spring and/or the variable stiffness spring are directly or indirectly mounted to the center axle assembly by fasteners.
  • the single-point suspension device further includes a pressure plate provided with one central hole and four side holes, wherein the central hole corresponds to a positioning hole disposed on the square tube, and is used for fixing the pressure plate
  • the balance beam structure ; the side hole is used for installing a U-bolt, and the balance beam structure is fixedly connected with the axle assembly by a U-bolt.
  • the present invention provides a single-point suspension device that changes a single-point suspension device composed of a conventional leaf spring, and uses a rubber spring (variable stiffness spring and shear spring) instead of a leaf spring.
  • a rubber spring variable stiffness spring and shear spring
  • variable stiffness spring When the variable stiffness spring is subjected to load, its stiffness increases with the increase of the load, which can make the single-point suspension device bear more load; the structural design of the variable stiffness spring makes it have sufficient elasticity and rigidity. Increase the damping effect and service life of the single-point suspension.
  • the shearing spring is composed of an elastic material and a plurality of spaced steel plates, so that it is not easily deformed and damaged after long-term bearing, and the fatigue strength is increased; the shear spring has strong impact resistance, and when subjected to shearing force, Balance and distribute the load well to maintain the stability of the platform.
  • the single-point suspension device uses a variable stiffness spring and a shear spring, the installation and disassembly of the single-point suspension device are simple and easy.
  • the middle shaft assembly is replaced by a rubber-connected structure.
  • the rubber has the ability to absorb impact force better than steel. It can effectively cushion the impact of the middle bearing seat and the center shaft platform, so that the middle bearing The seat is more durable; the axle assembly can automatically adjust the load and distribute it to each wheel to achieve smooth driving.
  • the balance beam improves traction, stability and operability between the axles.
  • Replacing the leaf spring not only avoids the complicated manufacturing process of the leaf spring, but also reduces the hanging weight. Taking 32T as an example, the hanging weight can be reduced by more than 40%, the fuel consumption is reduced, the payload is increased, and the impact force is also avoided. The noise.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a single-point suspension device made of a leaf spring.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a single-point suspension device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a partial side elevational view of the single point suspension device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the single-point suspension device shown in FIG. 2 passing through the midpoint of the center axis and perpendicular to the axis of the center axis.
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the single-point suspension device of Figure 2 taken through the center axis and vertically upward.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the balance beam structure shown in Fig. 2.
  • Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a shear spring according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a variable stiffness spring according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a partial exploded view of the connection structure disposed between the balance beam structure and the center axle assembly.
  • the present invention provides a single point suspension device.
  • the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It is understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
  • a single-point suspension apparatus includes a first axle assembly 206 and a second axle assembly 203 for mounting a tire, and a center axle platform 208 fixedly coupled to the frame.
  • a central shaft 205 a plurality of shear springs 202 disposed on the two side plates of the central axle platform and fixedly coupled to the central axle, and a plurality of shearing springs disposed on the lower side of the top plate of the central axle platform and fixedly coupled to the central axle a variable stiffness spring (not shown); a first balance beam structure 204 and a second balance beam structure 207 coupled to both ends of the center shaft 205; wherein the two ends of the first balance beam structure 204 and the first axle assembly 206, respectively
  • the second axle assembly 203 is fixedly coupled to the first axle assembly 206 and the second axle assembly 203.
  • the central axis platform is symmetrically disposed on both sides of a vertical plane passing through the center of the center axis and perpendicular to the axial direction of the central axis, and two shear springs are respectively disposed on two side plates of the central axis platform, for convenient installation, side plates
  • the upper side is chamfered.
  • the single-point suspension device adopts a rubber joint structure between the middle shaft and the middle shaft platform, instead of the traditional steel plate welded rigid structure, the rubber has a good shock absorption effect, and the impact force of the vehicle is minimized.
  • the service life is increased, and the driving comfort and steering stability are effectively balanced; the center shaft and the axle assembly are connected by the balance beam structure, replacing the traditional leaf spring, no lubrication, reducing noise and reducing the hanging weight. , increased the payload.
  • the first balance beam structure is disposed in parallel with the second balance beam structure and is perpendicular to the axial direction of the first axle assembly or the first axle assembly.
  • the wheels connected to the single-point suspension are symmetrical, and when stressed, the force can be equally divided to the connected wheel.
  • FIG. 3 is a partial side view of the single-point suspension device of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-section of the single-point suspension device shown in FIG. schematic diagram.
  • the balance beam structure 303 is fixedly coupled to the center shaft 305 by a U-bolt 302; the center shaft 305 is provided with a spring for fixing the shear spring 404 or/and the variable stiffness spring 407.
  • a seat (composed of a top plate 403 and a side plate 402), the shear spring 404 is disposed between the center plate platform 301 side plate 401 and the spring seat side plate 402, and the variable stiffness spring 407 is disposed on the center plate platform 301 top plate 406.
  • the balance beam structure 303 is fixedly coupled to the axle assembly 304.
  • the two ends of the middle shaft 305 are fixedly connected to the center position of the balance beam structure (including the first balance beam structure and the second balance beam structure) 303 by U-bolts 302.
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the single-point suspension device of Figure 2 taken through the center axis and vertically upward.
  • the single-point suspension device is provided with three variable stiffness springs 504.
  • the variable stiffness springs 504 are disposed on the steel backing plate 502, and the steel backing plate 502 is fixed on the central shaft assembly 501.
  • the upper surface of the 504 holds the center shaft platform 503.
  • a set of three variable degree springs wherein three equal height variable stiffness springs are arranged, wherein the first variable stiffness springs disposed on both sides and the third variable stiffness spring respectively support the first top plate of the central axis platform and
  • the third top plate, the second variable stiffness spring disposed in the middle is at a certain distance from the second top plate.
  • first variable stiffness spring, the second variable stiffness spring, and the third variable stiffness spring may be respectively kept at a distance from the first top plate, the second top plate, and the third top plate of the center axis platform, and the first variable stiffness spring is The distance from the first top plate is equal to the distance between the third variable stiffness spring and the second top plate, and is smaller than the distance between the second variable stiffness spring and the second top plate.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the balance beam structure shown in Fig. 2.
  • the balance beam structure includes a square tube 204 provided with positioning holes 602 at both ends and a backing plate 601 disposed at a central position of the square tube for mounting U-bolts.
  • the material of the square tube is a low carbon alloy steel, and the adding process of the square tube 204 is formed by pressing a hollow circular tube into a square shape by a pushing machine, and then processing by heat treatment.
  • the balance beam structure can be positioned on the axle through the positioning hole 602, and the balance beam structure is coupled to the axle assembly by a pin.
  • the balance beam square tube is made of a low carbon alloy seamless steel pipe, which avoids defects of the steel plate welded structure, simplifies the process, and improves performance and strength.
  • Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a shear spring according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the shearing spring is composed of an elastic body 702 made of an elastic material, a plurality of steel plates 701 disposed in the elastic body and wrapped by the elastic body, and a plurality of the tops of the elastic body for mounting.
  • the plurality of steel plates are disposed in parallel with the bottom surface of the elastic body; Rectangular or square, if rectangular, the ratio of length to width is 1:1.8; the elastic material is neoprene or natural rubber, the hardness is between 50-80HA; the top surface of the elastic body is rectangular or square And disposed in parallel above the bottom surface of the elastic body, and the top surface area of the elastic body is equal to the bottom surface area of the elastic body.
  • the bottom portion and the top portion of the elastic body are respectively provided with six mounting holes, and the opposite sides of the bottom portion and the top portion of the elastic body are respectively provided with three mounting holes, and two adjacent ones.
  • the distance between the central axes of the mounting holes is equal, and the central axes of the three mounting holes are parallel and in one plane.
  • FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a variable stiffness spring according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the variable stiffness spring is composed of an elastic body 802 made of an elastic material, a steel plate 801 provided at the bottom of the elastic body and wrapped by the elastic body, and at least one disposed at the bottom of the elastic body for mounting tightly.
  • the mounting holes of the firmware are constructed.
  • variable stiffness spring wherein the steel plate is disposed in parallel with the bottom surface of the elastic body; the bottom surface of the elastic body is a rectangle or a square, and if it is a rectangle, the ratio of the length to the width is 1:1.8; a neoprene or natural rubber having a hardness of between 50 and 80 HA; the top surface of the elastomer is rectangular or square, disposed in parallel above the bottom surface of the elastomer, and the top surface area of the elastomer is less than the elasticity
  • the bottom surface area of the body; the center of the rectangle or the center of the square of the top surface of the elastic body and the center of the rectangle or the center of the square of the bottom surface of the elastic body are located on the same line perpendicular to the top surface of the elastic body.
  • a mounting hole is respectively disposed at four corners of a rectangle or a square of the bottom of the elastic body.
  • shear spring and/or the variable stiffness spring of the present invention are directly mounted on the central axle assembly by fasteners, and no other connecting members are needed, so that the single point suspension device of the present invention is installed and disassembled. It is relatively simple, and the structure of the single-point suspension device is extremely simple by the shear spring and the variable stiffness spring.
  • the single-point suspension device further includes a pressure plate 201 provided with one central hole and four side holes, wherein the central hole corresponds to a positioning hole provided on the square tube, The pressure plate is fixed on the balance beam structure; the side hole is used for installing the U-shaped bolt, and the balance beam structure is fixedly connected with the axle assembly through the U-shaped bolt.
  • Figure 9 is a partial exploded view of the connection structure disposed between the balance beam structure and the center axle assembly.
  • the balance beam structure 907 and the center shaft 901 are fixedly connected through the middle bearing seat 904 .
  • the middle shaft 901 and the middle bearing seat 904 are provided with a middle shaft copper sleeve 905 , and both sides of the middle shaft copper sleeve
  • the oil seal ring 903 and the oil seal seat 902 are respectively disposed in order (the other side is not shown).
  • the base of the middle bearing housing 904 is secured to the pad 906 of the balance beam structure 907 by U-bolts.
  • the single-point suspension device provided by the present invention has a certain rotation angle in the front-rear direction, and the rotation angle is about 0° to 45° regardless of the tire. Because the rubber piece between the platform and the center shaft has sufficient elasticity and rigidity, the rubber spring has a good elongation, and the part of the balance beam structure and the axle is connected with a soft rubber leaf spring seat cover.
  • the center axle assembly not only adjusts the balance of the front and rear tires, but also adjusts the balance of the left and right tires.
  • the present invention provides a single-point suspension device that changes a single-point suspension device composed of a conventional leaf spring, and uses a rubber spring (variable stiffness spring and shear spring) instead of a leaf spring.
  • variable stiffness spring When the variable stiffness spring is subjected to load, its stiffness increases with the increase of the load, which can make the single-point suspension device bear more load; the structural design of the variable stiffness spring makes it have sufficient elasticity and rigidity to increase
  • the single-point suspension device has the shock absorption effect and service life; the shear spring is composed of elastic material and a plurality of spaced steel plates, so that it is not easily deformed and damaged after long-term bearing, and the fatigue strength is increased; the shear spring has strong impact resistance.
  • the single-point suspension device When subjected to shearing force, it can balance and disperse the load well and maintain the stability of the platform. Since the single-point suspension device uses variable stiffness springs and shear springs, the installation and disassembly of the single-point suspension device are simple and easy.
  • the central shaft assembly is replaced by a rubber-joined structure that replaces the traditional rigid structure.
  • the rubber absorbs impact force better than steel, effectively cushioning the middle bearing housing and
  • the impact force of the shaft platform makes the middle bearing seat more durable; the central axle assembly can automatically adjust the load and distribute it to each wheel to achieve smooth running; the balance beam improves traction, stability and operation between the axles. Sex. Replacing the leaf spring not only avoids the complicated manufacturing process of the leaf spring, but also reduces the hanging weight. Taking 32T as an example, the hanging weight can be reduced by more than 40%, the fuel consumption is reduced, the payload is increased, and the impact force is also avoided. The noise.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)

Abstract

一种单点悬挂装置，包括用于安装轮胎的第一车轴总成（206）以及第二车轴总成（203）；与车架固定连接的中轴平台（208）及中轴（205）；若干个设置在中轴平台（208）的两侧板上且与中轴固定连接的剪切弹簧（202）；若干个设置在中轴平台（208）的顶板下侧且与中轴（205）固定连接的变刚度弹簧；与中轴（205）两端连接的第一平衡梁结构（204）及第二平衡梁结构（207）；第一平衡梁结构（204）的两端分别与第一车轴总成（206）及第二车轴总成（203）固定连接；第二平衡梁结构（207）的两端分别与第一车轴总成（206）及第二车轴总成（203）固定连接。该单点悬挂装置增加了减震效果，有效地缓冲了中轴承座及中轴平台所受的冲击力，避免了钢板弹簧复杂的制造工艺，减少了悬挂自重。

Description

单点悬挂装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种悬挂装置，尤其涉及的是一种利用橡胶弹簧制作的用于挂车或半挂车的车架及轮胎的单点悬挂装置。
背景技术
现有的用于挂车和半挂车的单点悬挂装置，如图1所示，采用钢板弹簧101作缓冲件，水平安装在中轴总成的两端，连接着中轴总成和车轴总成，钢板弹簧是由多片金属板叠加起来制造而成。
然而，采用钢板弹簧作缓冲件存在着以下缺点：
1、钢板弹簧制造工艺复杂，质量不能保证。
2、钢板弹簧体积和重量较大，造成单点悬挂自身笨重，降低了车辆的有效承载，增加油耗。
3、当车辆空载时，钢板弹簧不易产生形变，减震效果有限，当车辆经过崎岖路面时，车轴受到路面的冲击力较大，铜套磨损较快，影响使用寿命。同时，因冲击力产生的噪声也较大。
4、当车辆重载时，钢板弹簧受压弧高变小，车辆底盘降低，钢板之间摩擦力增大，长期使用易产生位移，影响使用寿命。
5、钢板弹簧经风化后容易生锈，从而影响使用性能，对润滑的要求较高。
6、传统的单点悬挂只能对前后轮胎调节平衡，不能对左右轮胎调节平衡，降低了车辆防侧倾的稳定性，影响行驶质量。
因此，现有技术还有待于改进和发展。
发明内容
鉴于上述现有技术的不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种单点悬挂装置，旨在解决单点悬挂装置笨重、减震效果不好及使用寿命短的问题。
为达上述目的，本发明的技术方案如下：
一种单点悬挂装置，包括用于安装轮胎的第一车轴总成及第二车轴总成，还包括：
与车架固定连接的中轴平台及一中轴；
若干个设置在中轴平台的两侧板上且与中轴固定连接的剪切弹簧，以及，若干个设置在中轴平台的顶板下侧且与中轴固定连接的变刚度弹簧；
与中轴两端连接的第一平衡梁结构及第二平衡梁结构；
其中，第一平衡梁结构的两端分别与第一车轴总成及第二车轴总成固定连接，第二平衡梁结构的两端分别与第一车轴总成及第二车轴总成固定连接。
所述的单点悬挂装置，其中，所述中轴两端通过U型螺栓固定连接在第一平衡梁结构及第二平衡梁结构的梁中心位置。
所述的单点悬挂装置，其中，所述第一平衡梁结构及所述第二平衡梁结构均与中轴通过中轴承座固定连接，所述的中轴与中轴承座之间设置有中轴铜套，且中轴铜套两侧分别依次设置油封圈及油封座，中轴承座的底座通过U型螺栓固定在平衡梁结构的垫板上。
所述的单点悬挂装置，其中，所述第一、第二平衡梁结构分别包括两端设置有定位孔的方管及设置在方管中心位置用于安装U型螺栓的垫板。
所述的单点悬挂装置，其中，所述方管，其材料为低碳合金钢，由空心圆管通过推方机挤压成方形后，再经过热处理加工而成。
所述的单点悬挂装置，其中，设置三个等高的变刚度弹簧，其中，第一变刚度弹簧、第二变刚度弹簧及第三变刚度弹簧分别与中轴平台的第一顶板、第二顶板及第三顶板保持一定距离，且第一变刚度弹簧与第一顶板间的距离等于第三变刚度弹簧与第二顶板间的距离，小于第二变刚度弹簧与第二顶板的距离。
所述的单点悬挂装置，其中，设置在所述中轴上的用于固定剪切弹簧或/和变刚度弹簧的弹簧座，所述剪切弹簧设置在中轴平台侧板及弹簧座侧板之间，所述变刚度弹簧设置在中轴平台顶板及弹簧座顶板之间。
所述的单点悬挂装置，其中，所述中轴平台对称设置在经中轴中心且垂直于中轴轴向的竖直面的两侧，在中轴平台的两侧板上分别设置两个剪切弹簧。
所述的单点悬挂装置，其中，所述第一平衡梁结构与所述第二平衡梁结构平行设置，且与第一车轴总成或第一车轴总成的轴心方向垂直。
所述的单点悬挂装置，其中，所述变刚度弹簧包括由弹性材料制成的弹性体、设置在弹性体底部且被弹性体包裹的钢板及设置在所述弹性体底部的至少一个用于安装紧固件的安装孔。
所述的单点悬挂装置，其中，所述剪切弹簧包括由弹性材料制成的弹性体、多个设置在弹性体内且被弹性体包裹的钢板、设置在所述弹性体顶部的多个用于安装紧固件的安装孔及设置在所述弹性体底部的多个用于安装紧固件的安装孔。
所述的单点悬挂装置，其中，所述剪切弹簧和/或变刚度弹簧由紧固件直接或间接的安装于中轴总成上。
所述的单点悬挂装置，其中，还包括设置有1个中心孔及4个边孔的压板，其中，所述中心孔，与设置在方管上的定位孔对应，用于将压板固定在平衡梁结构上；所述边孔，用于安装U型螺栓，通过U型螺栓将平衡梁结构与车轴总成固定连接。
与现有技术相比，本发明所提供的一种单点悬挂装置，改变了传统的钢板弹簧构成的单点悬挂装置，采用了橡胶弹簧（变刚度弹簧和剪切弹簧）代替钢板弹簧，其好处体现在以下几点：
1）变刚度弹簧受到载荷时，其刚度随着载荷的增加也随之增加，可使单点悬挂装置承受更多的载荷；变刚度弹簧的结构设计，使其有足够的弹性和刚度，可增加单点悬挂装置减震效果和使用寿命。
2）剪切弹簧由弹性材料和多个间隔的钢板的构成，使其长期承载后不易变形和破损，增加了抗疲劳强度；剪切弹簧的耐冲击力强，当承受剪切力时，能很好地平衡和分散载荷，保持平台的平稳性。
3）由于单点悬挂装置采用变刚度弹簧和剪切弹簧，使单点悬挂装置的安装及拆卸都简单易行。
4）中轴总成由橡胶件连接的结构取替了传统的刚性结构，橡胶吸收冲击力的能力优于钢铁，能有效地缓冲中轴承座以及中轴平台所受的冲击力，使得中轴承座更加耐用；中轴总成可以把载荷自动调节后分配到各车轮上，实现行车的平稳。
5）平衡梁在车轴之间提升了牵引力、稳定性和操作性。取代钢板弹簧，不仅避免了钢板弹簧复杂的制造工艺，也减少了悬挂自重，以32T为例，悬挂重量可减少40%以上，降低油耗，提高了有效载荷，同时，也避免了冲击力所产生的噪声。
附图说明
图1是采用钢板弹簧制作的单点悬挂装置的结构示意图。
图2是本发明一较佳实施例所述的单点悬挂装置的结构示意图。
图3是本发明所述的单点悬挂装置的局部侧面图。
图4是图2所示的单点悬挂装置过中轴中点且与中轴轴线垂直的剖面示意图。
图5是图2所示的单点悬挂装置过中轴轴线且竖直向上的剖面示意图。
图6是图2所示的平衡梁结构的结构示意图。
图7是本发明一实施例所述的剪切弹簧的剖面示意图。
图8是本发明一实施例所述的变刚度弹簧的剖面示意图。
图9是设置在平衡梁结构与中轴总成之间的连接结构的局部爆炸图。
具体实施方式
本发明提供一种单点悬挂装置，为使本发明的目的、技术方案及效果更加清楚、明确，以下参照附图并举实例对本发明进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
图2是本发明一较佳实施例所述的单点悬挂装置的结构示意图。如图2所示，本发明所述的一种单点悬挂装置，包括用于安装轮胎的第一车轴总成206及第二车轴总成203，还包括与车架固定连接的中轴平台208及一中轴205；若干个设置在中轴平台的两侧板上且与中轴固定连接的剪切弹簧202，以及，若干个设置在中轴平台的顶板下侧且与中轴固定连接的变刚度弹簧（未示出）；与中轴205两端连接的第一平衡梁结构204及第二平衡梁结构207；其中，第一平衡梁结构204的两端分别与第一车轴总成206及第二车轴总成203固定连接，第二平衡梁结构207的两端分别与第一车轴总成206及第二车轴总成固定连接203。所述中轴平台对称设置在经中轴中心且垂直于中轴轴向的竖直面的两侧，在中轴平台的两侧板上分别设置两个剪切弹簧，为便于安装，侧板的上边设计有倒角。
所述的单点悬挂装置，中轴和中轴平台之间采用橡胶件连接结构，代替了传统的钢板焊接刚性结构，橡胶具有很好的减震效果，最大限度地减少了车辆受到的冲击力，增加了使用寿命，有效的平衡了行驶舒适性和操纵稳定性；中轴与车轴总成之间通过平衡梁结构连接，取代了传统的钢板弹簧，免润滑，减少噪声，降低了悬挂的自重，提高了有效载荷。
如上所述的单点悬挂装置，优选的，所述第一平衡梁结构与所述第二平衡梁结构平行设置，且与第一车轴总成或第一车轴总成的轴心方向垂直。使单点悬挂装置连接的车轮对称，受力时，可将受力平分到所连的车轮。
请参见图3和图4，图3是本发明所述的单点悬挂装置的局部侧面图；图4是图2所示的单点悬挂装置过中轴中点且与中轴轴线垂直的剖面示意图。如图3及图4所示，平衡梁结构303通过U型螺栓302与中轴305固定连接；所述中轴305上设置有设用于固定剪切弹簧404或/和变刚度弹簧407的弹簧座（由顶板403和侧板402组成），所述剪切弹簧404设置在中轴平台301侧板401及弹簧座侧板402之间，所述变刚度弹簧407设置在中轴平台301顶板406及弹簧座顶板403之间。所述平衡梁结构303固定连接在车轴总成304上。其中，所述中轴305两端通过U型螺栓302固定连接在平衡梁结构（包括第一平衡梁结构及第二平衡梁结构）303的中心位置。
图5是图2所示的单点悬挂装置过中轴轴线且竖直向上的剖面示意图。如图5所示，所述的单点悬挂装置设置了三个变刚度弹簧504，变刚度弹簧504设置在钢垫板502上，钢垫板502固定在中轴总成501上，变刚度弹簧504上表面顶持中轴平台503。设置的三个变钢度弹簧，其中，设置三个等高的变刚度弹簧，其中，设置在两侧的第一变刚度弹簧及第三变刚度弹簧分别顶持中轴平台的第一顶板及第三顶板，设置在中间的第二变刚度弹簧距第二顶板一定距离。当然，还可以将第一变刚度弹簧、第二变刚度弹簧及第三变刚度弹簧分别与中轴平台的第一顶板、第二顶板及第三顶板保持一定距离，且使第一变刚度弹簧与第一顶板间的距离等于第三变刚度弹簧与第二顶板间的距离，小于第二变刚度弹簧与第二顶板的距离。
图6是图2所示的平衡梁结构的结构示意图。如图6所示，所述的平衡梁结构包括两端设置有定位孔602的方管204及设置在方管中心位置用于安装U型螺栓的垫板601。所述方管的材料为低碳合金钢，方管204的加工艺是由空心圆管通过推方机挤压成方形后，再经过热处理加工而成。可通过定位孔602将平衡梁结构定位在车轴上，通过销钉将平衡梁结构与车轴总成连接。所述平衡梁方管由低碳合金无缝钢管推方而成，避免了钢板焊接结构的缺陷，简化了工艺，提高了性能和强度。
图7是本发明一实施例所述的剪切弹簧的剖面示意图。如图7所示，所述的剪切弹簧由弹性材料制成的弹性体702、多个设置在弹性体内且被弹性体包裹的钢板701、设置在所述弹性体顶部的多个用于安装紧固件的安装孔以及设置在所述弹性体底部的多个用于安装紧固件的安装孔构成，其中，所述的多个钢板与弹性体底面平行设置；所述的弹性体底面为长方形或正方形，若为长方形，则长度和宽度的比为1:1.8；所述弹性材料为氯丁橡胶或天然橡胶，硬度介于50-80HA之间；所述弹性体顶面为长方形或正方形，平行设置在所述弹性体底面正上方，且所述弹性体的顶面面积与所述弹性体的底面面积相等。所述的剪切弹簧，优选的，所述弹性体底部和顶部分别设置六个安装孔，所述弹性体底部和顶部的相对的两个边上分别设置有三个安装孔，且相邻的两个安装孔的中心轴间的距离相等，三个安装孔的中心轴平行且处于一个面内。
图8是本发明一实施例所述的变刚度弹簧的剖面示意图。如图8所示，所述的变刚度弹簧由弹性材料制成的弹性体802、设置在弹性体底部且被弹性体包裹的钢板801以及设置在所述弹性体底部的至少一个用于安装紧固件的安装孔构成。所述的变刚度弹簧，其中，所述钢板与弹性体底面平行设置；所述的弹性体底面为长方形或正方形，若为长方形，则长度和宽度的比为1:1.8；所述弹性材料为氯丁橡胶或天然橡胶，硬度介于50-80HA之间；所述弹性体顶面为长方形或正方形，平行设置在所述弹性体底面正上方，且所述弹性体顶面面积小于所述弹性体底面面积；所述弹性体顶面的长方形中心或正方形中心与所述弹性体底面的长方形中心或正方形中心位于同一条垂直于弹性体顶面的直线上。所述的变刚度弹簧，优选的，在所述弹性体底部的长方形或正方形的四个角分别设置一安装孔。
需要说明的是，本发明所述剪切弹簧和/或变刚度弹簧由紧固件直接安装在中轴总成上，无需其他连接件，使本发明所述的单点悬挂装置安装及拆卸都较为简单，而且，通过剪切弹簧和变刚度弹簧使单点悬挂装置结构极其简单。
请继续参加图2，所述的单点悬挂装置，还包括设置有1个中心孔及4个边孔的压板201，其中，所述中心孔，与设置在方管上的定位孔对应，用于将压板固定在平衡梁结构上；所述边孔，用于安装U型螺栓，通过U型螺栓将平衡梁结构与车轴总成固定连接。
请参见图9，图9是设置在平衡梁结构与中轴总成之间的连接结构的局部爆炸图。如图9所示，平衡梁结构907与中轴901通过中轴承座904固定连接，所述的中轴901与中轴承座904之间设置有中轴铜套905，且中轴铜套两侧分别依次设置油封圈903及油封座902（另一侧未示出）。中轴承座904的底座通过U型螺栓固定在平衡梁结构907的垫板906上。
需要强调的是，本发明所提供的单点悬挂装置，中轴在前后方向上有一定的转动角度，在不考虑轮胎的情况下，转动角度约为0°～45°。因平台和中轴之间的橡胶件有足够的弹性和刚性，橡胶弹簧有很好的延伸率，平衡梁结构与车轴连接的部位，有软质橡胶板簧座套。中轴总成不仅能调节前后轮胎的平衡，也能调节左右轮胎的平衡。
综上所述，本发明所提供的一种单点悬挂装置，改变了传统的钢板弹簧构成的单点悬挂装置，采用了橡胶弹簧（变刚度弹簧和剪切弹簧）代替钢板弹簧，其好处为：变刚度弹簧受到载荷时，其刚度随着载荷的增加也随之增加，可使单点悬挂装置承受更多的载荷；变刚度弹簧的结构设计，使其有足够的弹性和刚度，可增加单点悬挂装置减震效果和使用寿命；剪切弹簧由弹性材料和多个间隔的钢板的构成，使其长期承载后不易变形和破损，增加了抗疲劳强度；剪切弹簧的耐冲击力强，当承受剪切力时，能很好地平衡和分散载荷，保持平台的平稳性；由于单点悬挂装置采用变刚度弹簧和剪切弹簧，使单点悬挂装置的安装及拆卸都简单易行；中轴总成由橡胶件连接的结构取替了传统的刚性结构，橡胶吸收冲击力的能力优于钢铁，能有效地缓冲中轴承座以及中轴平台所受的冲击力，使得中轴承座更加耐用；中轴总成可以把载荷自动调节后分配到各车轮上，实现行车的平稳；平衡梁在车轴之间提升了牵引力、稳定性和操作性。取代钢板弹簧，不仅避免了钢板弹簧复杂的制造工艺，也减少了悬挂自重，以32T为例，悬挂重量可减少40%以上，降低油耗，提高了有效载荷，同时，也避免了冲击力所产生的噪声。
应当理解的是，本发明的应用不限于上述的举例，对本领域普通技术人员来说，可以根据上述说明加以改进或变换，所有这些改进和变换都应属于本发明所附权利要求的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种单点悬挂装置，包括用于安装轮胎的第一车轴总成及第二车轴总成，其特征在于，还包括：
    与车架固定连接的中轴平台及一中轴；
    若干个设置在中轴平台的两侧板上且与中轴固定连接的剪切弹簧，以及，若干个设置在中轴平台的顶板下侧且与中轴固定连接的变刚度弹簧；
    与中轴两端连接的第一平衡梁结构及第二平衡梁结构；
    其中，第一平衡梁结构的两端分别与第一车轴总成及第二车轴总成固定连接，第二平衡梁结构的两端分别与第一车轴总成及第二车轴总成固定连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的单点悬挂装置，其特征在于，
    所述第一平衡梁结构及所述第二平衡梁结构均与中轴通过中轴承座固定连接，所述的中轴与中轴承座之间设置有中轴铜套，且中轴铜套两侧分别依次设置油封圈及油封座，中轴承座的底座通过U型螺栓固定在平衡梁结构的垫板上。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的单点悬挂装置，其特征在于，
    所述第一、第二平衡梁结构分别包括两端设置有定位孔的方管及设置在方管中心位置用于安装U型螺栓的垫板。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的单点悬挂装置，其特征在于，所述方管，其材料为低碳合金钢，由空心圆管通过推方机挤压成方形后，再经过热处理加工而成。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的单点悬挂装置，其特征在于，还包括：
    设置在所述中轴上的用于固定剪切弹簧或/和变刚度弹簧的弹簧座，所述剪切弹簧设置在中轴平台侧板及弹簧座侧板之间，所述变刚度弹簧设置在中轴平台顶板及弹簧座顶板之间。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的单点悬挂装置，其特征在于，所述中轴平台对称设置在经中轴中心且垂直于中轴轴向的竖直面的两侧，在中轴平台的两侧板上分别设置两个剪切弹簧。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的单点悬挂装置，其特征在于，所述变刚度弹簧包括由弹性材料制成的弹性体、设置在弹性体底部且被弹性体包裹的钢板及设置在所述弹性体底部的至少一个用于安装紧固件的安装孔。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的单点悬挂装置，其特征在于，所述剪切弹簧包括由弹性材料制成的弹性体、多个设置在弹性体内且被弹性体包裹的钢板、设置在所述弹性体顶部的多个用于安装紧固件的安装孔及设置在所述弹性体底部的多个用于安装紧固件的安装孔。
  9. 根据权利要求1、7及8任一所述的单点悬挂装置，其特征在于，所述剪切弹簧和/或变刚度弹簧由紧固件直接或间接的安装在中轴总成上。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的单点悬挂装置，其特征在于，还包括，
    设置有1个中心孔及4个边孔的压板，其中，所述中心孔，与设置在方管上的定位孔对应，用于将压板固定在平衡梁结构上；所述边孔，用于安装U型螺栓，通过U型螺栓将平衡梁结构与车轴总成固定连接。
PCT/CN2015/072159 2014-06-03 2015-02-03 单点悬挂装置 WO2015184842A1 (zh)

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