WO2015171151A1 - Selecting, producing, and feeding whole algae as a feed supplement for cattle and bison to produce meat high in omega 3's for human health - Google Patents

Selecting, producing, and feeding whole algae as a feed supplement for cattle and bison to produce meat high in omega 3's for human health Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015171151A1
WO2015171151A1 PCT/US2014/037300 US2014037300W WO2015171151A1 WO 2015171151 A1 WO2015171151 A1 WO 2015171151A1 US 2014037300 W US2014037300 W US 2014037300W WO 2015171151 A1 WO2015171151 A1 WO 2015171151A1
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Prior art keywords
cattle
omega
beef
algae
per day
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PCT/US2014/037300
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Donald M. Smith
Original Assignee
Smith Donald M
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Priority to CA2947246A priority Critical patent/CA2947246C/en
Priority to KR1020167034049A priority patent/KR20170005832A/ko
Priority to AU2014393411A priority patent/AU2014393411B2/en
Priority to PCT/US2014/037300 priority patent/WO2015171151A1/en
Priority to MX2016014568A priority patent/MX2016014568A/es
Priority to MA39445A priority patent/MA39445B2/fr
Priority to BR112016025985-8A priority patent/BR112016025985B1/pt
Priority to JP2017511139A priority patent/JP6445144B2/ja
Application filed by Smith Donald M filed Critical Smith Donald M
Priority to EP14796651.9A priority patent/EP3151679A4/de
Priority to RU2016142331A priority patent/RU2660264C2/ru
Priority to CN201480080444.9A priority patent/CN106659145A/zh
Publication of WO2015171151A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015171151A1/en
Priority to ZA2016/07465A priority patent/ZA201607465B/en
Priority to PH12016502169A priority patent/PH12016502169A1/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A23K10/38—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material from distillers' or brewers' waste
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

Definitions

  • the present invention is a composition, system and method of creating and using whole algae as a food supplement for animals.
  • the algae are high in -omega :1s DBA aad or EPA (and other constituents) m relation to total fats, and are suitable for eatde and bison's digestive system.
  • the resulting meat with high DHA and EPA provides a superior beef with heart healthy properties and other healthy properties ior the consume ' ?.
  • a lgae is «eiUT s 3 most basic photosynthesis organism. Some algae consume wafer, sunlight an carbon dioxide (CO;) to produce sugars. Those suga s; and educed high- nergy compounds e entually produce the l ids,; which can be readily processed into biotuel that 3 ⁇ 4an he used in place ofdiescl fuel Corn grown.on America ' s best idrml nd can. yield less thaa 200 gallons per acre of bioeihanoi.
  • CO carbon dioxide
  • Algae- may be a bio fuel competitive with diesel oil priced at ST00 to S3.00 per gallon if lgae can be fonrsd or made to grow faster, or she algae can be modified geaedeaUy to refine fee! such as gasoline, winch is then -excreted through die cell wad of the algae so it does not have so be ocesse .
  • Algae- may be a bio fuel competitive with diesel oil priced at ST00 to S3.00 per gallon if lgae can be fonrsd or made to grow faster, or she algae can be modified geaedeaUy to refine fee! such as gasoline, winch is then -excreted through die cell wad of the algae so it does not have so be ocesse .
  • algae which is heterotrophic, can use organic carbon, sources.
  • this growing technique d s not directly use C02 from power plant and ethane 1 plant emissions, there is C02 removed from, the atmosphere by the pkmt. sugar cane, which uses the CO? (from power plant or ethanol plant emissions) in the photosymhetic process.
  • the heieroiho . ph.ie algae also commonly have silica cell wails making less likely to break, in the rumen, and leave the omega 3d; intact when released in die small intestine-.
  • mega-3 duty acids are found naturally in the oil oiToki-wmer fislo such as nnrokcrei , salmon, s r ines anchovies and tuna, or a extracted oi l irom..plants, such as flaxseed, canola (rapeseed). or soybean.
  • Examples of Oniegs-3 fatty acids include docosahcxaeaoie acid (DHA), eicosapeotenok acid (BP A) and al ha i ' mofenic acid (ALA).
  • DHA docosahcxaeaoie acid
  • BP A eicosapeotenok acid
  • ALA al ha i ' mofenic acid
  • Omega d EPA.
  • PUFA's Long chain Omega--3 polyunsaturates-
  • DHA&EPA Long chain Omega--3 polyunsaturates-
  • the leather rneai used according to this priyr ar reference is used as an inhibitor of microbial degradation, of DHA In the mrnan of the dairy cattle.
  • U.S. Pat. os. 4.91.1 .944 and! 5.290,573 also disclose the use of feed supplements confining hshmeai combined whit snirarb by-products e.g. leather meal, bone r;ioai and the like.
  • a number of patents have also beer; granted for the eievaiiori of
  • Omega-3 ro eggs isin flax meal or algae/DHA feed supplements in chickens.
  • the .present invention provides a new and improved effective 3 ⁇ 4lgae based ' food supplem nt for beef cattle and or buffalo where the prior at fails,
  • the general u se of thfc present fo vemi oa which wil l be described s bsequently in greater detail, is to provide a new ami i mproved tneihod of creating ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4a algae based food supplement and means to reduce CO> which has ah the advantages of the prior art an&ti ne of the disadvantages.
  • the present, invention essentially comprises a system and method f r taking commonly available carbohydrates such as sugar, which consume C02 in the atmosphere, and feeding it. i o algae.
  • the invention also cultivates algae for a specific use. and feeds it to cattle n proving She cardiovascular health of the beef consumer ' by increasing specific Omeg&-3 polyunsatt 'ated .tarty acids (PUFAs.) in the nuscie t ssue of beef.
  • PUFAs. Omeg&-3 polyunsatt 'ated .tarty acids
  • die invention ma he utilised for the genera! feeding of other an imals, such bnt. not limited lo both do. it contemplated that buffido may he used a hvestockrfor meat.
  • H is an object of the present inve tion to provide a ne and improved method and system to create and. rise an algae based food supplement tor but not b odied to beef cattle.
  • Another object of the present invention is t -provide a new and improved algae food supplement winch provides el! of the advantages of the prior art. white a sunaneoasiy overcoming some of the disadvantages normally associated therewith.
  • Yet another object of the present invention s to provide a ew a d improved method and system for new aad ixpnrqvcd. algae and aigae food suppieamra that Is eomioeriually avai lable such that public awareness is garnered and environmental unpn-vea uu is created h; reyyrds to An v n further object of the resent inveutioni is to provide ⁇ & new and hn roved food stmpie ent that provides the benefit of0mega-3 to the consumer vv fc the ability to eat red meat which is far healthier than conventional red meat having a moderate or high degree of marbling, because heart healthy om g 3 ? s counteract the negative heah ' h consequ nces of saturated tats present in the meat.
  • Still ' sut ve urtber object of the present inventkm is to provide m optimal yield .rate of aigae growth, approximately 25% or more of Oraega ⁇ b DBA a d or EPA composition in harvested aigae. approximately 50% of totai tin in the aigae, a consi tent teedloi weight gain of 3 lbs/day per animal meeting industry standards., an increase of i O to 20 limes the healthy Oraega-3 DHA an EPA in beef ready to market, and a possibly decrease of saturated fats io beef ready for .market.
  • U is still further an objec of the present im ⁇ rruen to provide a new and im roved -method and syste.ni to create and use an aigae based food su lement for emtio and buffalo for producing a better heart healthy food product from the- cattle ami b fibio or to general iy feed and nourish eatue nd hui ' ihlo.
  • the invention may be utilized for the general feeding of other animals, -such as hot: not limited to buffalo, it is contemplate that hufldlo may be used a livestock fs.>r .meai.
  • Figure i is generally a graphics! representation of c ac-oritration of fatty acids pes' gram tissue.
  • the composition generally com ises algae as a food suppiemem for atanu s sooh 3 ⁇ 4s but not limited to beef o it. It is a furth r object of th r sent invention to pro ide a new and improve.! method and system to create unu use an aigne bas d food supplement for ani als such as bus n limited to buffalo, cattle, ami other meat sources for ⁇ human consum tion that is more heart ⁇ ealthy as i iirthei' described heiosv.
  • eurreut invention con emplates a unique aigae-based cable feed production system that will resnlt in the commercial production uf cattle .feed what healthier fat content that may also include the capnne and disposable of CC f om power generation.
  • the curreui iuzonei n may utilize some specific cuhi yms of algae that readily produce high levels of DHA li ids, DoqosaltDnaeonic Ac d (DHA) a ⁇ - ' ⁇ Fatty Acid (PUPA) has been associated with decreasing levels of cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, mfi&mmaliom. arthynuma, and circulating triglyceride levels while increasing ne rai development and visutd acuity ; National Academy of Sciences, 2002; Knnpp et al. 2003).
  • DHA DoqosaltDnaeonic Ac d
  • PUPA ⁇ - ' ⁇ Fatty Acid
  • lipids can be either extracted from the .harvested algae, or the harvested algae can be eonde.os.ed into a slurry, or can be dried aud can be red whole, directly to cattle.
  • the specifie .aigae aa!hvar chosen becomes an ingrediem ia the total eeding process for the cattl e nod it will resiilt in the development of increased DHA and eieosaperUaenoie acid, EPA, poly en satur ted tats in the finished beef
  • the current invention may utilize ( 1 ) a ouhbvar that produces high levels of DHA and or RPA; arxi (2) a growing environment (algae f rm/bio reactor) thai includes feeding the sigac with a c&rbot s u ce carbohydrate (such as sugar) This aig&e rowth system raax1 ⁇ 23 ⁇ 4 br.es aka
  • This Invention does not include the technology for growing the algae Itself. That technology is developed and aten ed by others.
  • This invention c hoses the algae to be grown m the aigae growing system, especially for its ability both lo produce high omega 3's and also to have a tough cell wail which will allow the algae Co protect the om.ega 3 ⁇ s as the algae transits ihe rumen into the small intestine.
  • this invention employs the whole aigae in. a feeding protocol which maximizes the intake of omega 3 " s. while it does not .suppress; the total feed In lak , and doss not educe the commercially ideal average daily gain of t e cattle In the thee! yard.
  • a goal is to .feed large amounts of algae containing large amounts of DHA and or hPA without reducing food intake to mai ta n industr s ta dards of dal ly weigh; gain in the cattle of about 3.5 ibs day
  • These .success fecton? depend in turn upon ths selection of the best algae of which there are thousands of exi tin candidates and more being genetically engineered and. the performance of the algal growth with a bioreaolor environment. It is cont m late thai the current invention may utilize algae strains found in the current • art.
  • the current invention may uti iz sew and non-pdor an a!gae strains with the desired eharacicristics. It is still furthe contemplated the current mvention may «se whole, not r ocessed, ss!gae as a &etl for cattle and bison, as feeding Omega- 5 ! s directly; ihat is without the protection of ihc Omega- IPs by the ceil wad h3 ⁇ 4:in the ram n, is not su tabl for the digestive sy tem of cattle which other ise destroys the polyunsaturated fats . , rendering dmro un-use-fui lor absorption ia the small intestine ' .ad depositing Omega 3d; in tire ad inu o f the meat.
  • One embodiment may dewater the algae to about 1.8% and deliver the wh e unprocessed algae miediaiely to a nearby iced yard for npixing with the modi fied iecd radon.
  • Whole algae may also be dried and fed directly to eauie for a source of protein, carbohydrate, and lipids.
  • Ilk also contempl ted growing a very particular kind or algae with ⁇ ap ro ate environmental growing conditions ud g nutrition and stress protocols thai e hance the existing but omierublmed genetic- proclivity of the aigac strain to maximize high value Pii FA 's i poi riosamrated fatty acids) containing the Omega- fatty acids DRA and. EPA. ' These PUPA algae can be used whole/dried and ox wet an rrased direedy with die caitie iced.
  • the ceil a!is-o micro algae can natoraiiy be composed of wry ifferent materials aid having ey different degrees of digestibility in the normal rumen of cattle, whch is highly acidc and the small, intestine, which Is highly basic, it is contemplated to utilize an algae hic roduces, a cell wall thai is not digestible in the rame-n, where the Omega- 3 * s nside are protected iro s hy ragenaticat d ring digesi n, but the cell w ll does break ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 " e small intestine, releasing the Omega- 3 ' s. I effect, the ap ro riate cell ll behaves like a time release capsule.
  • he graph gene ll shows the increase of EPA una MA with three alternate teed rations of no rdgae, modes algae, an rich algae.
  • the data was obtained with iced emonstrati ns at Oklahoma State Uni ersity, The denaortsttiiit ns used it commessiaOy vaiable product, Martek.
  • GOLD which is particularly high in DMA and not high in EPA, :
  • the demunstratkms gemrally utilized a mix of dry algae to mo ifed mixtures of typical cattle feed rations and provided a suceessibl tio eiysio-i of the high depositions of BPA and DMA into the nmscle ami bit yithin the muscle of beef cattle.
  • the current invention may provide algae teed rations without compromising the average daily weight gain of the cattle, a the daily gain of cattle roust be as good a;; with non-algae ratio-is. to produce the desired outcome of not signincanuy increasin the total cost of the fatly ted steer,
  • Btglv valoe algae particularly conttutbng bi gh amounts of DHA al gae have been commercialized -by Martek Biosciences based In ilaiinttore, MD.
  • the Martek algae contain the right ceil wall ark! the right artauaus ⁇ . ⁇ ) ⁇ bat are heterotrophic, meaning hey are ed sugar, and the groo in and eoniairane-ni s stem is expensive, making the product very ex e si e.
  • Their products are markete to egg production and infant baby formulas and many other products. It is contemplate the current invention may be utilized with heterotrophic- production systems which arc much Lower in cost than Martek's s s em
  • DBA Docosahexneonk Acid
  • PUPA Ihhytntsatorated Fatty Acid
  • the enrrcm invention u ry use a ou fe ds for- cattle to increase the proportion of healthy to unhealthy tat in then: UnarblingU Increased ieveis of DB A in cattle leeds has been shows to additionally ioerease the l els oi oorauaated llrrokic and vaceenic acids in ruminant fat; unsaturated atty acids are also implicated in enhanced h man health bene fits
  • Toe ntarioot for algae as cattle iced is also potentially uge, it -would take the daily roiiw -ou of 200,000 pounds to supply the teedtct cattle fir the "natural Beef market (withoni hormonal or aevraotie chemicals), Another aOt K!O pounds per day would su ply algae to catiie destined ior the white tablecloth market. And 20,000,000 pounds per day would be needed to supply the wore tharslO, 000.000 cattle in U .S. iced yards in the Corn Beit from the Texas Panhandle to South Dakota.
  • the current invention contemplates the utilization of a system wherein the Iocatirm of algae growth fac lity, and or cattle are optimized wiih s preferred embodiment iocatlng the algae- growth iheihty. and f3 ⁇ 4s?diaf for the cattle m s c a manner that no roce sing or drying ia needed. and no or little trarssponatior; is needed be vveeo same.
  • an array of algae growing facilities will, be located close to the f edlytjs.
  • the close location will boih nhnimize transportation e dvs and allo for the algal slurry, e Mato a 20:80 a igac-wator mixture, to be delivered directly to Iced cattle without drying it first.
  • This arrangement may serve as aa efficient design .model, lor the commercial aigae-ted cattle industry, .It is also ' co templated th algae will be dewatered to a ratio of 18% aigac by weight for easy pumping tmd cost-effective, trucking to a teed yard tor the cattle. His contem lated that avoiding the cost of drying the aigac wi ll reduce coats arid.
  • the a!gae/svater mixture may be sprayed on the primary cattle feed in the "bunk " ' as a top dressing, or H may be mixed, as is customary, in the feed truck itself to provide a uniform algae/fecd mixture.
  • whole algae may be added immediately to typical bit! adjusted caale feed rations io optimize the average daily gain- of the cattle at aboot 3 pounds per day.
  • the concept of feeding algae to cattle only for its eaioiic food value io the cattle itself or io improve the health e-f the cattle Itself is not unique.
  • the concept of feeding- algae to can in to shin the marbling let from saturated fa to polyunsaturated tats or to produce -more polyunsaturated tats in the muscle issu unique.
  • the current invention contemplates ten times or mo of Omega»3 ' s and substantia] reduction of saturated iats. It s further contem lated the health benefits of reducing saturated fats and increasing unsaturated Iats with ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 --3 ' % will attract consumers to the product who will pa a premium, which is not expected to be m re t ars 10 percent above iiiandit d beef and is less expensive than beef th no antibiotics and no honnoaai oooioets.
  • ⁇ esule feeding demonstration has proven the concept that aigae can. beded to cattle and the meat can contain high amounts o.fOmega » 3 DHA and EPA, such as ate available otherwise so. salt-water white fish.
  • Algae was utilized front the ar ek. Curporalitm that bad high Omega-3.
  • the Omega-3 o! ' iviarlek is about 56% lipids ( fat) of which about half or 24% of ihe a!g e weight ts RA wawt itsg is KPA .
  • Omega-3's cannot be fed to cattle direedy, such as thorn fish oil in ibgh quantities, but can be led the Ornega- oh; in aigae.
  • b was determ ined that feeding cattle fish oil containing Omega-irs depressed mm en function. in the cattle's rumen hydrogenaie the Omega-3's polyimsatunded fatty acids into saturated .fats so thai the i3 ⁇ 4h oil could not supply unsaturated fats in the small intestine where the could be absorbed.
  • ⁇ fje current invention utiiw.es algae that have cell wa l that has a natural advantage.
  • the cell wall is not as readily and as mpidJy broken down t the rumen. More o hbe algae eel] is transmitted to ibs duodenum intact where the pH change and igest v enzymes break down the algae releasing the Omega-3 ⁇ s-to he absorbed in the small intestine, like valuable O ega-3.'s n d to be microencapsulated, in order to be absorbed ulceraet.
  • the algal cuhivars of the current embodiment will feed to cattle have the Omega-3 * s microencapsulated naturally.
  • the algae provide a natural food supplement to improve the heaii hiness of beef.
  • h is also eoraempUaed to utilize different types of eultivar selection programs ' to develop more eHieieat and efteeuve " seeds " tor use in ieedia caiUe.
  • a variety of spec es from multiple algal, divisions, classes, order, families, gevi ra and species ma he xitUfeed.
  • Optimal culture patterns ma use a variety of potential cuitivars picked ibr their growth rates, nutrition profi les, or production of unique secondary metabolites.
  • ft is contemplated t ntifec algal cuhiva* based on selection criteria that extend beyond biological parameters and may include ds ability to be harvested, run poi d, and proceed. Alth ugh these dianicteristics may be secondary to utilizing a cuitivar rhst grows rapidly, prcdttc.ing ' alg «3 ⁇ 4 th t can be filtered easily or settle naturally may greatly reduce harvesting operational expenses, winch can av a significant effect on the euHivar selection process.
  • Potential cuitivar candidates characteristics may include high nx13 ⁇ 4ciic rates, ccatxndates significant amounts- of oil under the correct corsdi ions and. cast partiall sdtio without any energ or chemical input aad are not genetically rnodllled or enhanced, la a ptefered e>chodi;;:rr species ma consist of 1 ⁇ $% lipids vykh d;e understanding ot ' her culmxing conditions ; in the iarge-scule euHuring systems may accumulate up to at least 40% of the biosnasa as exte able lipid.
  • a pre teed embodiment ma row nanoochlofopsis with 39% lipids of which % was EPA.
  • Other preferred embodiment may be XolieUa ni rtica a ei;ryi3 ⁇ 4 me (0-35 ppt) and eurytiiennal (0-60° oP) alga, which tri e !ow-iight condltious.
  • Ch reiia xac-f x/ p U repr sents mother potential winter species..Although a global genus, roaay ChloreHa are found its watrs of 40° F (night) to 65° F (day).
  • CktvnUa varieties have a high Ome a-? fatty acids and. astaxant in (pigment) canfetft.
  • the current invention contemplates ut liking an algae snoh 3 ⁇ 4s a articula schizoehyirmm wish similar c nstituents to DBA GOLD TM from. ARTEK also known as M ' ARTE GOLD.
  • ARTEK also known as M ' ARTE GOLD.
  • the total m ay be 56% arid th ercentage of fat that is DHA and EPA may generally be 44%.
  • DBA GOLD TM is a fermentation product and due to ahc ha cteristics of The producing orga ism. some variability ia the stttrftkmaj values li! be observed from -lot to lot.
  • the fatty a id profile (%F.FA) may be but is not limited to:
  • the ..amino acid profile (g/l OOg) may be but is not limited to:
  • the vitamin content may be but is not limited to:
  • Vitamin 132 riboflavin 3.1.5 mg/.U)0g
  • Vitamin 86 pyridoxins .1.90 g/lOOg
  • feed lots for such. animals as cattle attempt ⁇ o maximize t3 ⁇ 4c eat on ' an animal while balancing the time spent on the fecx!lot with food intake and costs associated s hereof; it is typical that cattle would need apjaox iraaidhr about 5,5 »j 6.5 pounds of diet for an ammai to gain I poena assuming normal imlshmg diet.
  • Alas it is understood- thai the ani as do a enter m teed lot read! they already weigh 600 to 900 pounds. During that time, they consume mostly forage i ot to entering the feedlot. Most producers use forage because it s cheaper ' and a good use of fiber that would otherwise not be harvested.
  • Cattle are normally kept oo tbe feedlot mm! for between 150 and 240 days. During this time period, they nuey pain 500 to 600 pounds. It is not unusual tor animals to arrive a- 7 to 9 months of age and receiv 100% grass feed: to hel «i3 ⁇ 4iri &m rutnen health I r ihe first iota days, LX i icrcrJ ieedlois use di ferent types of .bod whereas some rations may be comprised of seven gfediems, including corn, soy, alfalfa, straw 1 , and w ?t grain distillers that are byproduc s of the ethanol industry . These feeds range from 0% com to 75% ⁇ corn.
  • the typical steer arrives at the feedlul weighing approximately 800 pounds and on average, leaves 6 month !aiep having eaten 5,000 pou ds of feed to a n 60G pounds, in weight.
  • Cattle are normally fed 25 pounds of grain nd small amounts of other constituents, b ' or commercial viability in the iced yard, the average cow must consume enough teed for a weight gain of approximately 3.5 pounds a day.
  • the current invention contemplates providing a maximum amount of algae, which, cow couki consume without suppressing vhe remainder of the feed intake and veiihoiu reducing the daisy gain as measured by pounds of body weight per day.
  • a daiby intake of algae may contain approximately 2 % Omega-3 ⁇ D3HA and EPA in order to maximize the deposition: of Omegmd's in the marbling. It s also co tem late that optimum diet raay eliminate one of the normal constituents of pig i ' at and or redisced com and increase of algae, such as hut not limited to ⁇ GOLD, to obtain the correct, choleric value of the total feed.
  • feeding coo much aigae may suppress the diet of the animal.
  • 2 pounds of arfek algae combined with the other ingredient and Ingested as above with a high amount of oil in the com resulted in ihe cov eating half its iotas teed Hsr the day and, r sulted in the cow not. gaining soiiieicut weight per day.
  • ⁇ pre i erred embodiment provides .8 to 1.0 pounds of Martek algae per day. It is contemplated ihe suppression of daily intake may be caused by m excess amount of tat in the diet, Bee caple reduce food intake by themselves when the tin composition of the feed exceeds ' 8%. Corn, the mai ingredient, in a fed lot ration,, ja 5,6% fat iviwn corn oil and dierefore kn a smali window of approximately 2% fat, which could be added by the algae without spn reying the diet One pound of algae, which, contained 50% fat, half saturated iat and half
  • poiyunsaitmUed fal would contain approximately 2% fat by weight in the feedfot ration- The 2% in the algae plus she nearly 6% .fat in the corn totaled approximately 8% which is ie daily lim t, for beef cattle.
  • h is contemplated to utilize a new ieed!ot radon substdt ing heat and or barley for corn Whe or barley contain approximately 2% fat and can substitute for corn " for thohigh calorie carbohydrate in the ration. This leaves approximately 6% iat that could be added by the algae. ' This would allow m additional 1 .5 pounds of tat, which would be present in 3 pounds of algae from Mattek, or 6 pounds, of ther possible algae, it is contemplated to substitute wheat or harfcy or corn and provides 4 pounds of algae rather titan 1 pound. Therefore, an ther preiened ernhodl eni may include utilizing barley nstead of and or with. corn, it is eontenplafed to utilize- 2 to 3 pounds of algae, such as but not limited to MARTE GOLD mi reducing the barley or wheat radon, slightly to maintain total caloric intake.
  • a preferred embodiment may include the use of algae without whole com. i> is con em la e to utilize wheal and care glutei wherein the total fat eontem is under 8% ⁇ around 63 ⁇ 4 ; arid wherein the algae content is higher th&ri with whole com, which baa more o t ten corn oil.
  • a preferred eniboditYKOt tnay contain wheat 56.5 %, corn gluten, iced 20.0 %. aha!b; hay loir 4,75 % ; prairie h y 5.0 % t algae 7.5 %.
  • ft is therefore contemplated to provide a method far incr asing the omega-3 highly unsa r te latiy acki content of meal t human consumption comprising feeding algae to cattle and or buftaJo vitlioui suppressing the enmmder oidhe ieesi i r&ke of said oattk and without reducing the daily gain as measured by pounds f body wei h per day of said cattle and. or buffalo wherein said algae com r es an omega- 3 ansatumicd -fatty acid content f about 25% percent of total weight s an. effective amount to increase the content of omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids in. said bee
  • the method may utilize n omega-3 unsat rat d fatty acid content of about 24 pe ent DTLA, and ot about 2 perce&f EPA. or with higher ratios of EPA to DBA.
  • the effective amount is abottt 0.8 to 1 .0 pounds of said aigae p r day,

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PCT/US2014/037300 2014-05-08 2014-05-08 Selecting, producing, and feeding whole algae as a feed supplement for cattle and bison to produce meat high in omega 3's for human health WO2015171151A1 (en)

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BR112016025985-8A BR112016025985B1 (pt) 2014-05-08 2014-05-08 Método para aumentar o conteúdo de ácido graxo altamente insaturado de ômega-3 na carne para consumo humano
AU2014393411A AU2014393411B2 (en) 2014-05-08 2014-05-08 Selecting, producing, and feeding whole algae as a feed supplement for cattle and bison to produce meat high in Omega 3's for human health
PCT/US2014/037300 WO2015171151A1 (en) 2014-05-08 2014-05-08 Selecting, producing, and feeding whole algae as a feed supplement for cattle and bison to produce meat high in omega 3's for human health
MX2016014568A MX2016014568A (es) 2014-05-08 2014-05-08 Seleccion, produccion, y alimentacion de algas enteras como suplemento alimenticio para ganado y bisonte para producir carne rica en omega 3 para la salud humana.
MA39445A MA39445B2 (fr) 2014-05-08 2014-05-08 Sélection, production et alimentation d'algues entières comme complément alimentaire pour le bétail et les bisons pour produire de la viande à teneur élevée en oméga 3's pour la santé humaine
CA2947246A CA2947246C (en) 2014-05-08 2014-05-08 Selecting, producing, and feeding whole algae as a feed supplement for cattle and bison to produce meat high in omega 3's for human health
JP2017511139A JP6445144B2 (ja) 2014-05-08 2014-05-08 ヒトの健康のためのω−３が豊富な食肉を生産するためのウシ及びバイソン用の飼料栄養補助剤としての全藻の選択、生産、及び給餌
KR1020167034049A KR20170005832A (ko) 2014-05-08 2014-05-08 인간의 건강을 위한 오메가 3''s 함량이 높은 고기를 생산하기 위한 소 및 들소를 위한 사료 보충제로서 통 조류의 선택, 생산 및 급여
EP14796651.9A EP3151679A4 (de) 2014-05-08 2014-05-08 Auswahl; herstellung und zuführung von ganzen algen als nahrungsergänzung für rinder und bisons zur herstellung von fleisch mit hohem omega-3's-gehalt für die menschliche gesundheit
RU2016142331A RU2660264C2 (ru) 2014-05-08 2014-05-08 Выбор и получение цельных водорослей в качестве пищевой добавки для кормления крупного рогатого скота и бизонов для получения мяса с высоким содержанием омега-3, полезного для здоровья человека
CN201480080444.9A CN106659145A (zh) 2014-05-08 2014-05-08 选择、生产和将全藻作为饲料补充剂饲喂家牛和野牛来生产为了人类健康的ω‑3高的牛肉
ZA2016/07465A ZA201607465B (en) 2014-05-08 2016-10-28 Selecting, producing, and feeding whole algae as a feed supplement for cattle and bison to produce meat high in omega 3's for human health
PH12016502169A PH12016502169A1 (en) 2014-05-08 2016-11-02 Selecting, producing, and feeding whole algae as a feed supplement for cattle and bison to produce meat high in omega 3`s for human health

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CN112888316A (zh) * 2018-10-12 2021-06-01 赢创运营有限公司 用于改善生长性能的动物饲料
CN111631187B (zh) * 2019-03-01 2022-04-22 广西中医药大学 快速诱导肝纤维化动物模型的方法
SI4037666T1 (sl) 2020-12-08 2024-09-30 Ruminant Biotech Corp Limited Izboljšave naprav in postopkov za dostavo snovi živalim
CN114794014B (zh) * 2022-06-09 2023-07-21 辽宁中医药大学 粪菌移植法建立阿尔茨海默病阴虚证和/或阿尔茨海默病非阴虚证动物模型、评价及应用

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PH12016502169A1 (en) 2017-01-09
AU2014393411B2 (en) 2019-01-31
EP3151679A1 (de) 2017-04-12
CA2947246A1 (en) 2015-11-12
MA39445B2 (fr) 2020-10-28
RU2660264C2 (ru) 2018-07-05
BR112016025985A2 (de) 2017-08-15
CN106659145A (zh) 2017-05-10
JP2017514528A (ja) 2017-06-08
EP3151679A4 (de) 2017-12-20
KR20170005832A (ko) 2017-01-16
JP6445144B2 (ja) 2018-12-26
MA39445A1 (fr) 2018-01-31
MX2016014568A (es) 2017-05-25
CA2947246C (en) 2024-02-27
ZA201607465B (en) 2022-05-25
RU2016142331A (ru) 2018-06-08
BR112016025985B1 (pt) 2022-01-18
AU2014393411A1 (en) 2016-11-17

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