WO2015165328A1 - 地膜清理机 - Google Patents

地膜清理机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015165328A1
WO2015165328A1 PCT/CN2015/076575 CN2015076575W WO2015165328A1 WO 2015165328 A1 WO2015165328 A1 WO 2015165328A1 CN 2015076575 W CN2015076575 W CN 2015076575W WO 2015165328 A1 WO2015165328 A1 WO 2015165328A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wheel
fan
cleaning machine
beam frame
soil
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Application number
PCT/CN2015/076575
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李文泽
Original Assignee
李文泽
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Publication date
Application filed by 李文泽 filed Critical 李文泽
Publication of WO2015165328A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015165328A1/zh

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B43/00Gatherers for removing stones, undesirable roots or the like from the soil, e.g. tractor-drawn rakes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to cleaning up the field of white pollution caused by planting in agriculture, in particular to the film cleaning machine which needs to be cleaned after using the film for increasing production and water saving.
  • the object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned many hazards and to provide a ground cleaning machine.
  • the invention can not only clean the ground film in the soil and the soil, but also the small gravel in the soil. It is also cleaned up at the same time. At the same time, the roots of various crop residues are also cleaned up. It works in conjunction with the rotary tiller. Not only can the operation speed be cleared more than 100 mu per day, but also the farmland can be flattened and the mulch film can be The small stone grain and the residual roots of the crop are collected and treated intensively. The mulch film and crop roots are cleaned and have no other substances. They can be used as secondary energy.
  • the structure is simple and the production cost is low. It only needs to be installed with large tractors. In a good situation, when the operation requirements are met, the grounding and cleaning of the film can be completed at the same time, and the planting cost can be reduced.
  • a ground cleaning machine comprising: an earth wheel, a swing screen, a beam frame, a guard plate, a dump bucket, a universal wheel, a twisting cage, a fan, a feeding pipe, a transmission shaft, a transmission box, an suspension arm and a tractor,
  • the upper earth wheel is a cylindrical plate tooth type, which is disposed at the front end of the beam frame
  • the swinging screen is disposed at the rear side of the upper earth wheel
  • the lower end of the rear side is equipped with a twisting cage and a fan
  • the left and right lower end devices of the middle part of the beam frame are arranged in two groups.
  • the outer end of the tuyere of the fan is provided with a feeding pipe, and the upper port of the feeding pipe leads to a dumping bucket disposed at the end of the fender, the fender includes a dust cover on both sides, and is disposed on the upper earth wheel and The upper end of the swinging screen and the left and right sides are fixed on the beam frame, and the suspension arm is fixed on the front end of the beam frame and connected to the tractor.
  • the transmission box is disposed at the front end of the guard plate and is connected with the transmission shaft to drive the upper earth wheel and swing. Screens, winches and fans.
  • the present invention can be attached to the rear end of the rotary tiller to complete the rotary tilling and the film cleaning.
  • the upper earth wheel is set as a crawler type, including: a crawler belt and a baffle
  • the main shaft and the driven shaft are connected to the transmission device to drive the track to rotate.
  • the track is fixed with a plurality of baffles at equal distances and wound on the main shaft and the driven shaft.
  • the lower end of the upper wheel is provided with a shovel plate, and the shovel plate is fixed on the lower end of the beam by a connecting member that can be adjusted up and down.
  • a shredder wheel is disposed on the upper end of the shovel, and the shredder wheel is fixed at the lower end of the beam and is driven by the transmission box.
  • the lower end of the fan outer port has a connecting groove.
  • the feeding tube is arranged in a twisted cage type
  • a lifting device is suspended at a lower end of the feeding tube
  • the invention has the advantages of simple structure, high speed during operation, clean film cleaning, low manufacturing and installation cost.
  • the invention adopts a three-point suspension structure with a tractor, and is convenient and flexible when turning at the ground;
  • the invention can work simultaneously with the rotary tiller if the soil moisture is not large; the grounding and the film cleaning are completed once, and the ridge and the building are reduced to reduce the cost of the farmland.
  • the invention can also clean the mulch film and clean other small objects such as small stones in the land.
  • the invention can be cleaned at one time regardless of the size and thickness of the film.
  • the separated mulch and crop roots can be transported directly into other vehicles by operating the tractor's hydraulics.
  • the mulch film and crop roots cleaned by the invention have less soil content and can be used for secondary energy utilization.
  • the cleaned soil of the invention has no large particles and roots, and lays a good foundation for the next film.
  • the cage can be installed as needed to complete the lifting or leveling or building the water raft.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural view of an overall embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view showing another embodiment of the earth wheel of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a plan view of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a side view showing the structure of the soil wheel of the present invention.
  • a film cleaning machine includes: an upper soil wheel 1, a swing screen 2, a beam frame 3, a baffle 4, a dump bucket 5, a universal wheel 6, a twisting cage 7, a fan 8, and a feeding pipe 9, Drive shaft 10, gearbox 20, suspension arm 11 and tractor 12.
  • the transmission shaft 10 is connected to the transmission case 20, and the output shaft driving device on both sides of the transmission case 20 rotates at both ends of the center shaft of the upper earth wheel 1 in front of the swinging screen 2 (clockwise) Rotating), the large-grained clods will be ploughed in advance, and the soil containing the mulch will be swayed by the upper soil wheel 1 and the mulch and soil will be swayed by the joint plate 17 to the swinging screen.
  • the swinging screen 2 is the rear end inclined
  • the swinging screen 2 is driven by the crankshaft 18 of the upper earth wheel 1 to swing forward and backward, and the soil smoothing hole is leaked to the ground, and the ground film, the residual roots of the crop and the small stone are screened.
  • the mulch and the root system are blown into the rear end device in the loading tube 9, and the hose elbow of the outlet device through the feeding tube 9 Entering the bucket 5 at the upper end of the shield 4, the bucket 5 is controlled by the hydraulic handle inside the tractor 12, and can be turned upside down.
  • the guard plate 4 is disposed at the upper end of the upper soil wheel 1 for guiding the soil to the joint plate 17, and the guard plate 4 is fixed on the beam frame 3, and the dust cover is fixed at both ends, and the soil depth of the soil wheel 1 is provided by the device.
  • Two sets of universal balance wheel 6 can be controlled at the lower end of the beam.
  • the film cleaning machine when the soil water content is relatively low (the sensation is not good), the film cleaning machine can be attached to the rear end of the rotary tiller 13 by the suspension arm 11, and the transmission device 10 can be connected, and the rotary tillage and the film cleaning work can be completed at one time. To reduce planting expenses.
  • the front and rear wheel 1 can be adjusted to the upper earth wheel 1 to assist the upper earth wheel 1 to be soiled.
  • the farmland after the operation of the rotary tiller 13 has a certain soil block, it can be installed on the earth-moving plate 16.
  • the earth wheel 21 shown in FIG. 5
  • the earth wheel 21 is driven by the gearbox 20 to rotate at a high speed (counterclockwise rotation).
  • the stone particles are removed from the farmland at the lower end of the cage 7 to form a trough 14 for storing stones.
  • the ground film or the ridge or the water retaining pipe is completed while cleaning the mulch film.
  • a feeding cage can be added to the feeding pipe 9 as needed to convey the mulch film and the residual crop roots into the bucket 5.
  • the upper earth wheel 1 of the present invention is designed to drive the main shaft 24 (the main shaft 24 and the lower side device swinging screen 2) by the transmission casing 20, and the lower end of the upper position device is driven by the driven shaft 25, which will be fixed.
  • a crawler belt 22 having a plurality of baffles 23 is wound around the main shaft 24 and the driven shaft 25 (two or more bracket shafts 26 are disposed between the main shaft 24 and the driven shaft 25).
  • the two shafts have a certain inclination angle to facilitate the spindle 24 to drive the crawler belt.
  • the two sets of universal wheels 6 are respectively circulated.
  • the rotation depth of the tiller 13 is used to start the tractor 12.
  • the soil wheel 1 is driven by the gearbox 20 to feed the soil containing the mulch into the oscillating screen 2 for screening. If ridges, flats and rafting are required, The ridger 15 can be hoisted at the lower end of the feeding pipe 9.
  • Case 2 During the operation, pay attention to observe the monitoring device of the bucket 5 and the connecting groove 14. When the container is full, stop the machine and operate the hydraulic device. Pour the film and crop roots in the bucket 5 into the transport vehicle on one side (the bucket can be left and right) Turning over, the stones in the joint groove 14 need to be manually opened to remove the insert plate (the insert plate is arranged at the lower end of the groove 14). In order to reduce the burden on the suspension device of the tractor 12, the materials in the stone and the dump bucket need to be removed after reaching the ground. .
  • Case 3 If the soil viscosity is not large and the water content is low, the rotary soil can be rotated and the mulch film can be cleaned at the same time.
  • the working procedure is: first, the rotary tiller 13 is attached to the tractor 12, and then the film cleaning machine is The suspension arm 11 is hooked to the rear end of the rotary tiller 13, and the transmission box 20 is connected with the power unit of the rotary tiller 13 (the power output shaft and the suspension point need to be added to the rotary tiller 13), and the working mode is as in the case of Case 2 is described.
  • the invention has the advantages of simple structure, convenient maintenance, reasonable overall front and rear length, adaptability to the tractor suspension, flexible steering in the field, and no control by the suspension device during operation, and only two sets of universal wheels have high and low undulations, and the oscillating screen and the fan
  • the design completely separates the mulch and the stone from the soil, and the screened soil is flattened back into the field. There is no need to level the land, and it is necessary to install the ridge and install the stalking device.
  • the operation is simple and convenient, and the operation speed is fast.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)

Abstract

一种地膜清理机,包括:上土轮(1)、摆动筛(2)、梁架(3)、护板(4)、翻斗(5)、万向轮(6)、绞笼(7)、风机(8)、上料管(9)、传动轴(10)、传动箱(20)、悬挂臂(11)和拖拉机(12),所述上土轮(1)设置在梁架(3)前端,所述摆动筛(2)设置在上土轮(1)后侧,其后侧下端设置绞笼(7)与风机(8),所述梁架(3)中部左右下端装置两组万向轮(6),所述风机(8)的风口外端装置上料管(9),所述上料管(9)上端口通向设置在护板(4)上端的翻斗(5),所述护板(4)包括两侧防尘罩设置在上土轮(1)和摆动筛(2)上端及左右并固装在梁架(3)上,所述悬挂臂(11)固装在梁架(3)前端,与拖拉机(12)连接,所述传动箱(20)带动上土轮(1)、摆动筛(2)、绞笼(7)和风机(8)。所述地膜清理机清理地膜干净,速度快,成本低,同时完成旋地,平地、起垄、助耕等工作,同时可将土地里含有小石粒一并清理干净,完全解决了为增产、节水而不能连年使用地膜的难题。

Description

地膜清理机 技术领域
本发明涉及清理农业因种植造成的白色污染领域,特别是为了增产、节水而使用地膜后需清理的地膜清理机。
背景技术
目前世界各国为了节水、增产大部分农田都在使用膜下滴灌技术,在每块农田初期运用此技术时确实达到了增产增收的效果,可连续使用几年以后却产生了诸多问题;第一,因地膜连年使用,而农民又无法将地膜及时清理,部分只能随风漫天飞舞,还有一部分在农民春播时翻地随着机械掺绞在土壤中,第二,随风吹得到处都是的地膜造成白色污染已无法清理;第三,被掺入土壤中的地膜,因年年使用土壤里地膜的含量逐年增多;第四,因地膜为化工产品,据科学数据分析地膜在土壤中会残留100年以上才分解;第五,因目前的农耕机械只能将地膜粉碎成一片一片的不能完全粉碎,成片的地膜会将种子包裹而不能发芽造成缺苗,会阻挡发芽后的幼苗根系生长,使作物不能吸收养分和水分,造成生长不健康而减产;第六,为了节水、增产,而连续使用几年后反造成减产,而且还会影响一百年左右;第七,土壤中的地膜已成一大问题而且目前还没有有效的处理方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决上述诸多危害,提供一种地摸清理机。本发明不但能清理地表和土壤中的地膜,而且还能将土壤中的小碎石 一并清理干净,同时还将各种作物残留的根系一并清理,其与旋耕机搭配作业,不仅作业速度快一天可清理一百亩以上,同时还将农田整理平坦,并可将地膜、小石粒、作物残留根系全都集中收集处理,清理出的地膜和作物根系无其他物质,可作为二次能源利用,其结构简单,制作成本低,只需与大型拖拉机配装作业,如果土壤墒情不好的情况下,合乎作业要求时可同时完成旋地和清理地膜工作,减少种植成本。
技术解决方案
为了达到上述目的,本发明所提供的技术方案是:
一种地摸清理机,包括;上土轮、摆动筛、梁架、护板、翻斗、万向轮、绞笼、风机、上料管、传动轴、传动箱、悬挂臂和拖拉机,所述上土轮为圆筒板齿式,设置在梁架靠前端,所述摆动筛设置在上土轮后侧,其后侧下端配装绞笼与风机,所述梁架中部左右下端装置两组万向轮,所述风机的风口外端装置上料管,所述上料管上端口通向设置在护板上端的翻斗,所述护板包括两侧防尘罩,设置在上土轮与摆动筛上端及左右,并固装在梁架上,所述悬挂臂固装在梁架前端,与拖拉机连接,所述传动箱设置在护板前端,与传动轴连接,带动上土轮、摆动筛、绞笼和风机。
进一步的,本发明可挂接在旋耕机后端同时完成旋耕和地膜清理。
进一步的,所述上土轮设置为履带式,包括:履带、挡板 、主轴、从动轴、所述主轴与传动装置连接后带动履带转动,所述履带上等距离固装多个档板,并卷绕在主轴和从动轴上。
进一步的,所述上土轮前下端设置有铲土板,所述铲土板由可上下调距地连接件固装在梁架下端。
进一步的,铲土板上端设置有碎土轮,所述碎土轮固装在梁架下端,由传动箱带动。
进一步的,所述风机外口下端装置有接槽。
进一步的,所述上料管内设置为绞笼式;
进一步的,所述上料管下端吊挂有起笼器;
有益效果
采用上述技术方案,本发明的技术效果有;
1.本发明结构简单,作业时速度快,清理地膜干净,制作及安装成本低。
2.本发明采用与拖拉机三点悬挂式结构,在地头转弯时方便灵活;
3.本发明如果土壤湿度不大时,可与旋耕机同时作业;一次完成旋地与地膜清理,起垄和筑埂减少农田整地费用。
4.本发明清理地膜同时还能将土地中的小石粒等其它杂物一并清理干净。
5.运用本发明后无需担心连年使用膜下滴灌时地膜所带来的白色污染问题和地膜在土壤中残留的问题,保障了农田永久达到节水、增产增收。
6.本发明无论地膜大小、厚薄都可以一次性清理干净。
7.被分离出的地膜与作物根系可通过操作拖拉机的液压装置直接装入其它运输工具内运走。
8.本发明清理出来的地膜与作物根系含土量少可用作二次能源利用。
9.本发明清理后的土壤无大颗粒与根系,为下次覆膜打下了良好的基础。
10.本发明可根据需要加装起笼器完成起笼或平地或筑挡水埂。
附图说明
图1是本发明的结构示意图;
图2是本发明整体实施例结构示意图;
图3是本发明又一上土轮实施例示意图;
图4是本发明俯视图;
图5是本发明的碎土轮侧视结构示意图;
其中,1上土轮,2摆动筛,3梁架,4护板,5翻斗,6万向轮,7绞笼,8风机,9上料管,10传动轴,11悬挂臂,12拖拉机,13旋耕机,14接槽,15起笼器,16铲土板,17接板,18曲轴,19风管,20传动箱,21碎土轮,22履带,23挡板,24主轴,25从动轴,26托轴
本发明的实施方式
下面结合附图说明本发明的具体实施方式;
如图2所示一种地膜清理机,包括:上土轮1、摆动筛2、梁架3、挡板4、翻斗5、万向轮6、绞笼7、风机8、上料管9、传动轴10、传动箱20、悬挂臂11和拖拉机12。悬挂臂11连接拖拉机12后,并将传动轴10连接好传动箱20,由传动箱20两侧的输出轴带动装置在摆动筛2前的上土轮1的中心轴两端旋转(做顺时针旋转),将提前旋耕好无大颗粒土块,含地膜的土壤在上土轮1转动下,由其上固装的多个刮土板将地膜与土通过接板17被甩向摆动筛2,(摆动筛2为后端下斜)再通过上土轮1的曲轴18带动摆动筛2快速前后摆动,将土顺筛孔漏向地面,而地膜、作物残留的根系和小石粒延筛面进入由上土轮1带动的绞笼7内,再由绞笼7将筛面所有物质集中送至其下端风机8的出风口处(为了保障风机8吸入清洁空气,装有风管19),在风机8的风力作用下(风机8由上土轮1通过提速装置带动)地膜与根系被吹入其后端装置在上料管9内,通过上料管9出口装置的软管弯头进入护板4上端的翻斗5内,翻斗5由拖拉机12内液压手柄控制,可左右翻卸,护板4设置在上土轮1上端用于将土导向接板17,护板4固装在梁架3上,两端固装有防尘罩,上土轮1的吃土深浅由装置在梁架下端可调高低的两组万向平衡轮6控制。
其中,土壤含水量比较低时(墒情不好)可将地膜清理机由悬挂臂11挂接在旋耕机13后端,连接好传动装置10,既可一次性完成旋耕及地膜清理工作,以减小种植支出。
作业时为了更好的清理地膜, 在上土轮1前端装置可调高低的铲土板16以协助上土轮1上土,当被旋耕机13作业后的农田还有一定土块时,可在铲土板16上加装碎土轮21(如图5所示),碎土轮21由传动箱20带动高速旋转(做反时针旋转)。
如将石粒移出农田在绞笼7下端装置接槽14用于存储石子。
在上料管9下端加装起笼器15后,在清理地膜同时完成平地或起垄或筑挡水梗。
可根据需要将上料管9内加装绞笼,用于向翻斗5内输送地膜和残留的作物根系。
如图3所示,本发明的上土轮1根据需要设计由传动装箱20带动主轴24(主轴24后下侧装置摆动筛2),其下端靠前位置装置从动轴25,将固装有多个挡板23的履带22卷绕在主轴24与从动轴25上(主轴24和从动轴25中间设置两个以上托轴26),两轴有一定倾斜角有利于主轴24带动履带22转动时土被挡板23带入摆动筛2上。
本发明的具体工作过程;
情况一,将地膜清理机的悬挂臂11和传动箱20与拖拉机12连接好后,行制作业区域,首先检查土壤含水量是否合乎作业要求(用手抓后不成团即可),检查旋耕机13旋过的耕地有无大颗粒土块,达到上述两点要求后即可实施作业,进入田间后操作拖拉机12的液压手柄,将地膜清理机放在地面后走几米停机,查看铲土板16与上土轮1是否达到需要清理的土层,如铲土板16未达到要求则调节连接部件,至所需高度,如上土轮1不合乎要求则调解两组万向轮6分别达到旋耕机13所旋深度为准,启动拖拉机12,上土轮1在传动箱20带动下将旋好的含有地膜的土送入摆动筛2完成筛选,如需起垄、平地和筑埂则将起垄器15吊装在上料管9下端即可。
情况二:作业过程中注意观察翻斗5和接槽14的监控装置,发现满箱后停机,操作液压装置,将翻斗5内的地膜及作物根系倒入一侧的运输车内(翻斗可左右侧翻),接槽14内的石子需人工打开插板取走(接槽14下端设置插板),为了减轻拖拉机12悬挂装置的负担,每次到达地头后需将石子和翻斗内的物质卸掉。
情况三:如土壤黏度不大,含水量低的情况下则可旋耕和清理地膜同时进行作业,其工作程序是:首先将旋耕机13接挂在拖拉机12上,再将地膜清理机由悬挂臂11挂接在旋耕机13后端,将传动箱20与旋耕机13的动力装置连接(需将旋耕机13加装动力输出轴和悬挂点),其工作方式如情况一和情况二所述。
情况四:当旋耕机13不能完全将土块旋碎时,则需在铲土板16上端加装碎土轮21,由碎土轮21将剩余的土块打碎。
最后应说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制, 尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围,其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围中。
工业实用性
本发明结构简单,维修方便,整体前后长度合理,适应与拖拉机悬挂搭配,在田间地头转向灵活,作业时不受悬挂装置控制,只有两组万向轮虽地形高低起伏作业,其摆动筛与风机的设计完全将地膜和石粒与土壤分离,被筛选后的土壤又被平整的反回田内,无须再平整土地,需要起垄加装起笼装置,需要筑挡水梗加装筑梗装置,操作简单方便,作业速度快。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种地膜清理机,包括;上土轮(1)、摆动筛(2)、梁架(3)、护板(4)、翻斗(5)、万向轮(6)、绞笼(7)、风机(8)、上料管(9)、传动轴(10)、传动箱(20)、悬挂臂(11)和拖拉机(12),所述上土轮(1)设置在梁架(3)前端,所述摆动筛(2)设置在上土轮(1)后侧,其后侧下端配装绞笼(7)与风机(8),所述梁架(3)中部左右下端装置两组万向轮(6),所述风机(8)的风口外端装置上料管(9),所述上料管(9)上端口通向设置在护板(4)上端的翻斗(5),所述护板(4)包括两侧防尘罩,设置在上土轮(1)与摆动筛(2)上端及左右并固装在梁架(3)上,所述悬挂臂(11)固装在梁架(3)前端,与拖拉机(12)连接,所述传动箱(20)链接传动轴(10),带动上土轮(1)、摆动筛(2)、绞笼(7)和风机(8)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的地膜清理机,其特征在于;所述上土轮(1)设置为履带式,包括履带(22)、挡板(23)、主轴(24)、从动轴(25)、托轴(26),所述主轴(24)与传动箱(10)连接后带动履带(22),所述履带(22)固装多个挡板(23)并卷绕在主轴(24)和从动轴(25)上,所述托轮(26)设置在主轴(24)与从动轴(25)中间。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的地膜清理机,其特征在于;所述上土轮(1)前下端设置有铲土板(16),所述铲土板(16)有上下可调距地连接件固装在梁架(3)下端。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的地膜清理机,其特征在于;所述铲土板(16)上端设置有碎土轮(21),所述碎土轮(21)固装在梁架(3)下端,由传动箱(20)带动。
  5. 根据权利要求1或2所述的地膜清理机,其特征在于;所述风机(8)外口下端装置接槽(14)。
  6. 根据权利要求1或2所述的地膜清理机,其特征在于;所述上料管(9)内装置为绞笼式。
  7. 根据权利要求1或2所述的地膜清理机,其特征在于;所述上料管(9)下端吊挂起笼器(15)。
  8. 根据权利要求1或2所述的地膜清理机,其特征在于;所述地膜清理机可挂接在旋耕机(13)后端同时完成旋耕和地膜清理。
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