WO2015162971A1 - 内燃機関の熱発生率波形算出装置および熱発生率波形算出方法 - Google Patents
内燃機関の熱発生率波形算出装置および熱発生率波形算出方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 257
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 150
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 36
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 172
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 19
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012886 linear function Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D35/00—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for
- F02D35/02—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions
- F02D35/023—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions by determining the cylinder pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D35/00—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for
- F02D35/02—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions
- F02D35/028—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions by determining the combustion timing or phasing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1401—Introducing closed-loop corrections characterised by the control or regulation method
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D45/00—Electrical control not provided for in groups F02D41/00 - F02D43/00
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1401—Introducing closed-loop corrections characterised by the control or regulation method
- F02D2041/1413—Controller structures or design
- F02D2041/1429—Linearisation, i.e. using a feedback law such that the system evolves as a linear one
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1401—Introducing closed-loop corrections characterised by the control or regulation method
- F02D2041/1433—Introducing closed-loop corrections characterised by the control or regulation method using a model or simulation of the system
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D35/00—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for
- F02D35/02—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions
- F02D35/023—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions by determining the cylinder pressure
- F02D35/024—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions by determining the cylinder pressure using an estimation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
- F02P5/00—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor
- F02P5/04—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor automatically, as a function of the working conditions of the engine or vehicle or of the atmospheric conditions
- F02P5/145—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor automatically, as a function of the working conditions of the engine or vehicle or of the atmospheric conditions using electrical means
- F02P5/15—Digital data processing
- F02P5/1502—Digital data processing using one central computing unit
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device for calculating a heat release rate waveform in a spark ignition type internal combustion engine and a method for calculating the same, and in particular, a period from when ignition by a spark plug to ignition of an air-fuel mixture ( In this specification, this period is referred to as “ignition delay period”), and it relates to a technique for obtaining a heat release rate waveform.
- the heat generation rate in a cylinder is approximated by a Wiebe function.
- the Weebe function can be used to express the heat generation rate waveform suitably by specifying a plurality of parameters, and is used to estimate the heat generation rate, mass combustion rate, etc. due to combustion of the internal combustion engine. ing.
- the shape parameter m of the Weibbe function is identified by a predetermined formula based on the combustion ratio at the crank angle at which the heat generation rate is maximum. ing. Then, k, a / ⁇ p m + 1, and identified by respective predetermined formula for other parameters, such as theta b, to fit with high accuracy to the actual heat generation pattern, determining the Wibe function it can.
- Patent Document 1 a plurality of parameters m, k, a / ⁇ p m + 1 , ⁇ b are identified as described above, and the operation of determining the Weebe function is performed for various operating conditions. It is described that the relationship between these parameters and the operating parameters of the internal combustion engine (load factor, rotational speed, air-fuel ratio, ignition timing, etc.) can be grasped. Further, it is described that if the relationship thus obtained is used, the Weibbe function can be determined for all operating conditions of the internal combustion engine, and the combustion state of the internal combustion engine can be accurately expressed.
- the parameter m of Wibe function, k, a / ⁇ p m + 1 does not disclose a specific method for specifying the relationship between the operating parameters of the theta b and the internal combustion engine. Therefore, in practice for almost all operating conditions parameters m, k, a / ⁇ p m + 1, identified theta b, must be determined Wibe function for each operating condition. That is, the conventional method leaves room for further reducing the man-hours for creating the heat release rate waveform and reducing the cost.
- the parameters m, k, a / ⁇ p m + 1 , ⁇ b are identified, and the entire heat release rate waveform can be expressed only after the Weebe function is determined.
- the combustion state can be evaluated. Therefore, without expressing the entire heat generation rate waveform, for example, a period until the heat generation rate waveform rises after ignition is performed by the spark plug (a period from when ignition by the ignition plug is performed until the air-fuel mixture is ignited) ) Is not possible to estimate and evaluate only the ignition delay period.
- the present invention has been made in view of such various points, and its object is to create a heat release rate waveform by focusing on the ignition delay period, which is one of the indexes representing the state of the air-fuel mixture in the cylinder.
- the purpose is to reduce the man-hours for (calculation) and to easily estimate and evaluate, for example, the ignition delay period while ensuring the required accuracy.
- the inventor of the present invention has a high correlation with the fuel density in the ignition delay period, which is a period from when ignition by the spark plug to ignition of the air-fuel mixture, and the engine load factor with respect to the ignition delay period and The new knowledge that the influence of the ignition timing can be expressed collectively by the fuel density was obtained.
- the solution principle of the present invention is that the ignition delay period is used as one of the characteristic values of the heat release rate waveform, and the ignition delay period is estimated based on the fuel density. is there.
- the present invention is directed to a device for calculating a heat release rate waveform in a spark ignition type internal combustion engine, and the period from when ignition by a spark plug to ignition of an air-fuel mixture is performed.
- the ignition delay period which is one of the characteristic values of the heat release rate waveform, is defined.
- the ignition delay period is estimated based on the fuel density in the cylinder at the ignition timing, while the air-fuel mixture is
- the ignition delay period is estimated based on the fuel density in the cylinder at the ignition timing, and the estimated ignition delay period is used.
- the heat generation rate waveform is calculated.
- ignition is performed by the spark plug.
- the ignition delay period until the air-fuel mixture ignites is used. This ignition delay period varies depending on the operating conditions such as the load factor and ignition timing of the internal combustion engine.
- the engine load factor parameter that defines the fuel injection amount
- the ignition timing cylinder volume
- the ignition delay period can be estimated more easily than before while ensuring the required accuracy. And can be evaluated.
- the ignition timing of the air-fuel mixture is on the advance side of the compression top dead center (assuming that it is on the advance side of the compression top dead center)
- the ignition timing The ignition delay period is estimated based on the fuel density in the cylinder.
- the ignition timing of the air-fuel mixture is retarded from the compression top dead center of the piston (assuming that it is retarded from the compression top dead center)
- the fuel density in the cylinder at the ignition timing is Based on this, the ignition delay period is estimated. This is because, when the ignition timing of the air-fuel mixture is ahead of the compression top dead center of the piston, the cylinder volume decreases after the ignition of the air-fuel mixture, and the fuel density increases accordingly.
- the ignition timing of the mixture is retarded from the compression top dead center of the piston, the in-cylinder volume increases after the ignition of the mixture, and the fuel density decreases accordingly. It is taken into consideration. In other words, if the ignition timing of the mixture is more advanced than the compression top dead center of the piston, there is a high correlation between the fuel density in the cylinder at the ignition timing and the ignition delay period, and the ignition of the mixture is When the timing is behind the compression top dead center of the piston, based on newly obtained knowledge that there is a high correlation between the fuel density in the cylinder at the ignition timing and the ignition delay period, The method for estimating the ignition delay period is varied depending on the ignition timing.
- a correction coefficient based on the engine speed (for example, an exponential function of the engine speed) may be multiplied. That is, since the strength of the flow in the cylinder generally changes as the engine speed changes, the ignition delay period changes due to the influence of the disturbance. Therefore, by performing correction based on the engine rotation speed, the ignition delay period can be estimated more accurately.
- a virtual ignition timing is set, and the estimated ignition delay period estimated according to the virtual ignition timing (e.g., calculated by an arithmetic expression) is calculated from the actual ignition timing to the virtual ignition timing.
- the estimated ignition delay period estimated according to the virtual ignition timing e.g., calculated by an arithmetic expression
- the ignition delay period is set based on the fuel density in the cylinder at the ignition timing.
- the virtual ignition timing is on the retard side with respect to the compression top dead center of the piston, the ignition delay period is estimated based on the fuel density in the cylinder at the ignition timing.
- the estimated ignition delay period is compared with a virtual ignition delay period that is a period between the actual ignition timing and the virtual ignition timing. Calculated as the true ignition delay period.
- the heat generation rate waveform is calculated using this true ignition delay period.
- the ignition timing for estimating the ignition delay period can be accurately obtained by repeated calculation, and the ignition delay period can be calculated with high accuracy.
- the heat generation rate waveform calculated using the ignition delay period calculated as described above for example, the crank angle period from ignition of the air-fuel mixture to the end of combustion is used as the base, and the heat generation rate at the maximum heat generation rate is A triangular waveform with a vertex is mentioned. If the heat release rate waveform is approximated by this triangular waveform, the period from the ignition timing by the spark plug to the rising timing of the hypotenuse of the triangular waveform is defined as the ignition delay period.
- the period from the ignition timing of the air-fuel mixture to the maximum heat generation rate period does not depend on at least one of the engine load factor, the air-fuel ratio, the EGR rate, and the oil / water temperature.
- the predetermined heat generation rate is reached (more specifically, the cylinder volume at the crank angle position at the maximum heat generation rate; a parameter correlated with the turbulence in the cylinder) and the engine speed (also in the cylinder).
- the triangular waveform is created as determined by a parameter having a correlation with the disturbance.
- the first half combustion period does not change, and the change in the first half combustion period is an influence of the turbulence in the cylinder. Can be created. By doing so, the man-hours for creating the heat release rate waveform can be further reduced.
- the present invention relates to a method for calculating a heat release rate waveform in a spark ignition type internal combustion engine. That is, first, a period from when ignition is performed by the spark plug to when the air-fuel mixture is ignited is defined as an ignition delay period that is one of the characteristic values of the heat generation rate waveform.
- the ignition delay period is estimated based on the fuel density in the cylinder at the ignition timing, while the air-fuel mixture is
- the ignition delay period is estimated based on the fuel density in the cylinder at the ignition timing, and the estimated ignition delay period is used.
- a heat release rate waveform is calculated.
- an ignition delay period which is a period from when ignition by the spark plug is performed until the air-fuel mixture ignites. Since estimation is based on the fuel density in the cylinder, the number of steps required to create the heat release rate waveform can be reduced, and the required accuracy for the ignition delay period can be ensured without creating the entire heat release rate waveform. However, it is possible to estimate and evaluate more easily than in the past.
- FIG. 9A shows a case where the ignition timing SA is BTDC
- FIG. 9B shows a case where the ignition timing SA is BTDC
- FIG. 9B shows a case where the ignition timing SA is ATDC.
- FIG. A heat generation rate waveform obtained in each engine operating state in which only the load rate is different from each other, and is a diagram in which each heat generation rate waveform in which the ignition timing SA is adjusted so that the maximum heat generation rate timing dQpeakA coincides with each other is displayed. It is.
- a heat generation rate waveform obtained in each engine operating state in which only the EGR rate differs from each other, and is a diagram in which the respective heat generation rate waveforms in which the ignition timing SA is adjusted so that the maximum heat generation rate timing dQpeakA coincides with each other are displayed in an overlapping manner. It is.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the result of having verified the relationship between the prediction first combustion period calculated by Formula (3) with respect to a certain engine, and the measurement first half combustion period measured in the actual machine. It is a figure which shows the result of having verified the relationship between the prediction first half combustion period calculated by Formula (3) with respect to another engine, and the measurement first half combustion period measured in the actual machine.
- a heat generation rate waveform obtained in each engine operating state in which only the load rate is different from each other is a diagram in which each heat generation rate waveform in which the ignition timing SA is adjusted so that the maximum heat generation rate timing dQpeakA coincides with each other is displayed. It is. It is the figure which displayed in piles the heat release rate waveform obtained in each engine operation state from which only ignition timing SA mutually differs. It is a figure which shows the result of the experiment which investigated the relationship between fuel density ⁇ fuel @ dQpeak at the time of heat release rate, and heat release rate inclination b / a with respect to each different engine speed Ne.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the heat release rate waveform calculation device 1 according to the present embodiment and the input / output information of the heat release rate waveform calculation device 1.
- the heat generation rate waveform calculation apparatus 1 receives various information on the engine state quantity, the control parameter control quantity, and the physical quantity. Examples of such input information include engine speed, load factor, ignition timing, EGR rate, air-fuel ratio, oil / water temperature, intake / exhaust valve open / close timing (valve timing), and the like. Further, the heat generation rate waveform calculation apparatus 1 estimates various characteristic values of the heat generation rate waveform by using the estimation units 2 to 5 storing the following estimation models based on each input information, and uses these various characteristic values. The heat release rate waveform created in this way is output.
- the heat release rate waveform calculation apparatus 1 includes an ignition delay estimation unit that stores an ignition delay estimation model for estimating an ignition delay, a first half combustion period, a heat release rate gradient, and a heat generation amount as characteristic values of the heat release rate waveform. 2, the first half combustion period estimation unit 3 storing the first half combustion period estimation model, the heat generation rate inclination estimation unit 4 storing the heat generation rate inclination estimation model, and the heat generation amount estimation unit 5 storing the heat generation amount estimation model It has.
- the ignition delay estimator 2 mixes the spark after the spark is ignited between the spark plug electrodes when the air-fuel mixture is ignited by the engine spark plug (ignition plug). This is a part for estimating the period (hereinafter referred to as the ignition delay period) until the time when the initial flame kernel is formed (hereinafter referred to as the ignition timing) by using the ignition delay estimation model.
- This ignition delay period is represented by a crank angle [CA].
- the ignition timing is defined as a time when the heat generation rate (heat generation amount per unit crank angle of crankshaft rotation) reaches 1 [J / CA] after the ignition timing. This value is not limited to this, and can be set as appropriate.
- a timing when the heat generation amount after the ignition timing reaches a predetermined ratio (for example, 5%) with respect to the total heat generation amount may be set as the ignition timing.
- the time when the ratio of the heat generation amount to the total heat generation amount reaches a predetermined value for example, the crank angle position when the heat generation amount reaches 10%
- the time when the ratio of the heat generation amount reaches another predetermined value for example, the ignition timing may be defined based on the crank angle position at the time when 50% is reached.
- a triangle triangular waveform that approximates the heat generation rate waveform during the period in which the heat generation rate increases is created based on the crank angle position and the rate of heat generation, and ignition is performed based on this triangular waveform.
- the ignition timing may be defined based on this heat release rate waveform.
- Each of the values is not limited to this, and can be set as appropriate.
- the first half combustion period estimation unit 3 generates the heat during the period from the ignition timing to the maximum heat generation rate with the growth of the flame kernel (period from the ignition timing to the combustion end timing).
- the first half combustion period which is the period until the rate becomes the maximum
- the maximum heat generation rate timing and the first half combustion period are each represented by a crank angle [CA].
- the heat generation rate inclination estimation unit 4 calculates an average rate of increase in heat generation rate (slope of heat generation rate) with respect to a change in crank angle in the first half combustion period, that is, a period from the ignition timing to the maximum heat generation rate. This is the part that is estimated using the heat release rate slope estimation model. That is, in this embodiment, as described below with reference to FIG. 2, a triangular waveform that approximates the heat generation rate waveform is created, and the heat generation rate inclination estimation unit 4 ignites the triangular waveform. The slope of the hypotenuse representing the heat generation rate from the time to the maximum heat generation rate is estimated.
- the unit of inclination of the heat generation rate is represented by [J / CA 2 ].
- the heat generation amount estimation unit 5 calculates the heat generation amount generated by the combustion of the air-fuel mixture (the heat generation amount generated during the entire combustion period, and the integration of the heat generation rate during the period from the ignition timing to the combustion end timing) Value) using a heat generation amount estimation model.
- the unit of the heat generation amount is represented by [J].
- the estimation operation in each of the estimation units 2 to 5 determines the characteristic values of the heat generation rate waveform such as the ignition delay, the first half combustion period, the heat generation rate inclination, and the heat generation amount, and uses these characteristic values.
- a heat release rate waveform is created.
- the generated heat generation rate waveform becomes the output of the heat generation rate waveform calculation device 1.
- the ignition delay estimation unit 2 performs the ignition delay period estimation operation (step ST1), and the first half combustion period estimation unit. 3 in the first half combustion period (step ST2), a heat generation rate inclination estimation operation in the heat generation rate inclination estimation unit 4 (step ST3), and a heat generation amount estimation operation in the heat generation amount estimation unit 5 (step ST4).
- step ST1 the ignition delay period estimation operation
- step ST2 the first half combustion period estimation unit. 3 in the first half combustion period
- step ST3 a heat generation rate inclination estimation operation in the heat generation rate inclination estimation unit 4
- a heat generation amount estimation operation in the heat generation amount estimation unit 5 step ST4
- FIG. 2 shows an example of a heat release rate waveform that is created using the characteristic values estimated by the respective estimation units 2 to 5 and is output from the heat release rate waveform calculation device 1.
- the timing SA in the figure is the ignition timing
- the timing FA in the figure is the ignition timing.
- ⁇ in the figure is the ignition delay period.
- dQpeakA is the maximum heat generation rate time
- the heat generation rate at this heat generation rate maximum time dQpeakA is b in the figure. That is, this heat generation rate b is the maximum heat generation rate during the combustion period.
- a in the figure, which is a period from the ignition timing FA to the maximum heat generation rate timing dQpeakA is the first half combustion period.
- the inclination of the heat release rate in the first half combustion period a is expressed as b / a.
- c in the figure which is a period from the maximum heat generation rate dQpeakA to the combustion end timing EA, is the second half combustion period.
- Q1 in the figure is the heat generation amount in the first half combustion period a
- Q2 is the heat generation amount in the second half combustion period c.
- the heat generation amount (total heat generation amount Q all ) generated during the entire combustion period is expressed as the sum of the heat generation amount Q1 and the heat generation amount Q2.
- the heat generation rate waveform calculation apparatus 1 of the present embodiment uses the crank angle period (FA to EA in the figure) from the ignition of the air-fuel mixture to the end of combustion as the base, and the heat generation rate at the maximum heat generation rate dQpeakA.
- the heat generation rate waveform is approximated by a triangular waveform having b as a vertex.
- the heat generation rate waveform that is the output of the heat generation rate waveform calculating device 1 is used to examine the system at the time of engine design, the control, and the adaptive value.
- the ignition delay estimation unit 2 is a part that estimates an ignition delay period ⁇ that is a period from the ignition timing SA to the ignition timing FA.
- the estimation process of the ignition delay period ⁇ performed in the ignition delay estimation unit 2 is as follows.
- the ignition delay period ⁇ is estimated using either one of the following formulas (1) and (2) (these formulas correspond to an ignition delay estimation model).
- ⁇ fuel @ SA is the fuel density in the cylinder at the ignition timing SA (in-cylinder fuel amount [mol] / in-cylinder volume [L] at the ignition timing).
- ⁇ fuel @ FA is the fuel density in the cylinder at the ignition timing FA (in-cylinder fuel amount [mol] / cylinder volume at the ignition timing [L]).
- Ne is the engine speed.
- C 1 , C 2 , ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ are coefficients identified based on experiments or the like.
- the air-fuel ratio is the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio
- the EGR rate is “0”
- the engine warm-up operation is complete (the oil-water temperature is equal to or higher than a predetermined value).
- the equation is established on the condition that the opening / closing timing of the intake valve is fixed.
- Formula (1) is a formula for calculating the ignition delay period ⁇ when the air-fuel mixture is ignited on the advance side (BTDC) with respect to the timing at which the piston reaches compression top dead center (BTDC) (hereinafter referred to as BTDC ignition).
- Equation (2) is a calculation of the ignition delay period ⁇ when the air-fuel mixture is ignited on the retard side (ATDC) with respect to the timing at which the piston has reached compression top dead center (ATDC) (hereinafter referred to as ATDC ignition). It is a formula.
- the ignition delay period ⁇ is calculated by an arithmetic expression using the in-cylinder fuel density ⁇ fuel and the engine rotational speed Ne as variables at a predetermined timing.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the results of experiments measuring changes in the ignition delay period ⁇ with respect to changes in the in-cylinder fuel density ⁇ fuel @ SA at the ignition timing SA in the case of BTDC ignition.
- the air-fuel ratio is set to the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio
- the EGR rate is set to “0”
- the engine warm-up operation is completed (the oil / water temperature is equal to or higher than a predetermined value)
- the opening / closing timing of the intake valve is fixed. It has been done.
- the engine rotation speed Ne increases in the order of “ ⁇ ”, “ ⁇ ”, “ ⁇ ”, “ ⁇ ”, “ ⁇ ”, “+”, “ ⁇ ”.
- ⁇ is 800 rpm
- ⁇ is 1000 rpm
- ⁇ is 1200 rpm
- ⁇ is 1600 rpm
- ⁇ is 2400 rpm
- + is 3200 rpm
- ⁇ is 3600 rpm.
- the ignition delay period ⁇ is shorter as the fuel density ⁇ fuel @ SA in the cylinder at the ignition timing SA is higher. This is probably because the higher the fuel density ⁇ fuel @ SA , the more fuel molecules around the spark plug, and the rapid growth of the flame kernel after ignition of the spark plug.
- the engine rotation speed Ne affects the ignition delay period ⁇ . That is, the ignition delay period ⁇ is shorter as the engine speed Ne is higher. This is presumably because the higher the engine speed Ne, the stronger the disturbance of the air-fuel mixture flow in the cylinder (hereinafter simply referred to as turbulence) and the rapid growth of the flame kernel.
- the in-cylinder fuel density ⁇ fuel @ SA and the engine speed Ne at the ignition timing SA are parameters that affect the ignition delay period ⁇ .
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing a result of verifying the relationship between the predicted ignition delay period calculated by the equation (1) and the actually measured ignition delay period measured in the actual machine.
- a prediction formula obtained by identifying the coefficients of C 1 , ⁇ , and ⁇ in equation (1) according to the engine operating conditions is used.
- the engine rotational speed Ne increases in the order of “ ⁇ ”, “ ⁇ ”, “ ⁇ ”, “ ⁇ ”, “ ⁇ ”, “+”, “ ⁇ ”, “ ⁇ ”.
- ⁇ is 800 rpm
- ⁇ is 1000 rpm
- ⁇ is 1200 rpm
- ⁇ is 1600 rpm
- ⁇ is 2000 rpm
- + is 2400 rpm
- ⁇ is 3200 rpm
- ⁇ is 3600 rpm.
- the predicted ignition delay period substantially coincides with the actually measured ignition delay period, and it can be seen from Equation (1) that the ignition delay period when BTDC ignition is performed is calculated with high accuracy. .
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the results of experiments measuring changes in the ignition delay period ⁇ with respect to changes in the fuel density ⁇ fuel @ FA in the cylinder at the ignition timing FA in the case of ATDC ignition.
- the engine speed is fixed
- the air-fuel ratio is the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio
- the EGR rate is set to “0”
- the engine warm-up operation is complete (the oil water temperature is equal to or higher than a predetermined value)
- the intake valve This is performed with a fixed opening / closing timing.
- the load factor increases in the order of “ ⁇ ”, “ ⁇ ”, “+”, and “ ⁇ ”. For example, “ ⁇ ” indicates a load factor of 20%
- “ ⁇ ” indicates a load factor of 30%
- “+” indicates a load factor of 40%
- “ ⁇ ” indicates a load factor of 50%.
- the correlation between the fuel density ⁇ fuel @ FA in the cylinder at the ignition timing FA and the ignition delay period ⁇ does not depend on the load factor (regardless of the load factor). is there. That is, these correlations can be represented by a single curve.
- the ignition delay period ⁇ is shorter as the fuel density ⁇ fuel @ FA in the cylinder at the ignition timing FA is higher. This is because, as described above, the higher the fuel density ⁇ fuel @ FA , the greater the number of fuel molecules around the spark plug, and the rapid growth of the flame kernel after ignition of the spark plug. It is done.
- the fuel density ⁇ fuel @ FA in the cylinder at the ignition timing FA is a parameter that affects the ignition delay period ⁇ .
- the engine speed Ne is also assumed to be a parameter that affects the ignition delay period ⁇ .
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing a result of verifying the relationship between the predicted ignition delay period calculated by the equation (2) and the actually measured ignition delay period measured in the actual machine.
- a prediction formula obtained by identifying each coefficient of C 2 , ⁇ , and ⁇ in the formula (2) according to the engine operating condition is used.
- the engine rotational speed Ne increases in the order of “ ⁇ ”, “ ⁇ ”, “+”, and “ ⁇ ”. For example, “ ⁇ ” is 800 rpm, “ ⁇ ” is 1200 rpm, “+” is 3600 rpm, and “ ⁇ ” is 4800 rpm.
- the predicted ignition delay period substantially coincides with the actually measured ignition delay period, and it can be seen from Equation (2) that the ignition delay period when ATDC ignition is performed is calculated with high accuracy. .
- the inventor of the present invention derived the equations (1) and (2) based on these new findings.
- the ignition timing SA is also advanced from the timing at which the piston reaches compression top dead center (BTDC). It is. In this case, after reaching the ignition timing SA, the piston moves toward the compression top dead center. That is, the in-cylinder volume decreases, and the fuel density ⁇ fuel increases accordingly.
- the fuel density [rho Fuel towards the fuel density [rho Fuel @ SA at the ignition timing SA is smaller than the fuel density [rho Fuel @ FA in ignition timing FA.
- the ignition delay period ⁇ can be obtained with high accuracy.
- FIG. 9 a diagram showing the ignition timing SA and the heat generation rate waveform
- the ignition timing SA is advanced (BTDC) from the timing at which the piston reaches compression top dead center. (See FIG. 9 (a)) and on the retard side (ATDC) (see FIG. 9 (b)).
- BTDC spark-to-distance
- ATDC retard side
- the piston moves toward the bottom dead center. That is, the in-cylinder volume increases, and the fuel density ⁇ fuel decreases accordingly. Therefore, as the fuel density ⁇ fuel , there is a high possibility that the fuel density ⁇ fuel @ FA at the ignition timing FA is smaller than the fuel density ⁇ fuel @ SA at the ignition timing SA.
- the fuel density ⁇ fuel @ FA at the ignition timing FA which is a value correlated with the maximum value of the ignition delay period (the longest ignition delay period among the assumed ignition delay periods), is determined in advance. By multiplying the coefficient, the ignition delay period ⁇ can be obtained with high accuracy.
- a procedure for determining which of these equations (1) and (2) is used (a procedure for determining whether the ignition timing is BTDC ignition or ATDC ignition) and an ignition delay period (true).
- the procedure for calculating the ignition delay period) is as follows. First, a virtual ignition timing is set, and the cylinder volume at the virtual ignition timing is obtained. Since this in-cylinder volume can be obtained geometrically by the crank angle position (piston position) corresponding to the virtual ignition timing, the in-cylinder volume is uniquely determined from the virtual ignition timing. Then, the fuel density is obtained from the in-cylinder volume and the fuel injection amount.
- the estimated ignition delay period is calculated by substituting the fuel density and the engine speed at the virtual ignition timing into Equation (1).
- the estimated ignition delay period is calculated by substituting the fuel density and the engine speed at the virtual ignition timing into Equation (2). Then, a timing that is advanced by the calculated estimated ignition delay period with respect to the virtual ignition timing is set as the virtual ignition timing.
- the virtual ignition timing is compared with the actual ignition timing (ignition timing as input information). If the virtual ignition timing does not match the actual ignition timing, the virtual ignition timing is changed. For example, the virtual ignition timing is changed to the retard side. Then, again, the fuel density and the engine speed at the virtual ignition timing are substituted into formula (1) or formula (2) (if the virtual ignition timing is set as BTDC ignition, it is substituted into formula (1).
- the estimated ignition delay period is calculated by substituting into the equation (2) to obtain the virtual ignition timing, and this and the actual ignition timing (input information) Ignition timing). This operation is repeated, and the virtual ignition timing when the virtual ignition timing and the actual ignition timing coincide with each other is obtained as the true ignition timing.
- the estimated ignition delay period calculated in Expression (1) or Expression (2) is obtained as the true ignition delay period.
- the true ignition timing is BTDC (in the case of BTDC ignition)
- the calculated ignition timing is substituted into the equation (1) to calculate the ignition delay period ⁇ , and the true ignition timing is calculated.
- the ignition delay period ⁇ may be calculated by substituting the calculated ignition timing into Equation (2).
- the above operation is as follows. A period between the actual ignition timing and the virtual ignition timing (virtual ignition delay period when the ignition is performed at the virtual ignition timing) and the formula (1) or the formula (2) (estimated) The estimated ignition delay period is compared, and if they do not match, the virtual ignition timing is changed. Then, after again calculating the estimated ignition delay period by the formula (1) or the formula (2), the period between the actual ignition timing and the virtual ignition timing (virtual ignition delay period) and the formula (1) ) Or the estimated ignition delay period calculated by the equation (2). This operation is repeated, and the estimated ignition delay period when these match (when the virtual ignition delay period and the estimated ignition delay period match) is obtained as the true ignition delay period.
- the ignition delay period ⁇ can be estimated for the entire engine operation area.
- the ignition timing FA can be obtained by adding the ignition delay period ⁇ to the ignition timing SA.
- the first half combustion period estimation unit 3 is a part that estimates the first half combustion period a that is a period from the ignition timing FA to the maximum heat release rate dQpeakA.
- the estimation process of the first half combustion period a performed in the first half combustion period estimation unit 3 is as follows.
- This first half combustion period a [CA] is estimated using the following equation (3) (this equation corresponds to the first half combustion period estimation model).
- V @ dQpeak is an in-cylinder volume [L] as a physical quantity at the maximum heat generation rate dQpeakA, and is hereinafter also referred to as a maximum heat generation rate in-cylinder volume.
- Ne is an engine speed (engine speed).
- This expression (3) is an expression that is established on the condition that the opening / closing timing of the intake valve is fixed. Further, this equation (3) is established without being affected by the load factor, EGR rate, air-fuel ratio, and oil water temperature. That is, Equation (3) is established based on the fact that the first half combustion period a is not affected by the load factor, EGR rate, air-fuel ratio, and oil water temperature.
- FIGS. 10 to 13 is a heat generation rate waveform obtained in different engine operating states, and the heat generation rate waveforms obtained by adjusting the ignition timing SA so that the maximum heat generation rate timing dQpeakA coincides with each other. It is displayed.
- FIG. 10 shows the heat generation rate waveforms obtained in each engine operating state in which only the load factor is different from each other.
- FIG. 11 shows the heat generation rate waveforms obtained in each engine operating state in which only the EGR rate is different from each other.
- FIG. 12 shows the heat generation rate waveform obtained in each engine operating state in which only the air-fuel ratio is different from each other.
- FIG. 13 shows the heat generation rate waveforms obtained when only the oil and water temperatures are different from each other as in the course of engine warm-up operation.
- the first half combustion period a is maintained constant regardless of any of the load factor, EGR rate, air-fuel ratio, and oil / water temperature. That is, it can be seen that the first half combustion period a is not affected by the load factor, EGR rate, air-fuel ratio, and oil water temperature.
- FIG. 14 shows the heat generation rate waveforms obtained in each engine operating state in which only the ignition timing SA is different from each other. As can be seen from FIG. 14, the first half combustion period a becomes longer as the ignition timing SA is retarded.
- FIG. 15 is a heat generation rate waveform obtained in each engine operating state in which only the engine rotation speed Ne is different from each other, and each heat generation in which the ignition timing SA is adjusted so that the maximum heat generation rate dQpeakA coincides with each other.
- the rate waveform is superimposed and displayed. Since the crank rotation angle [CA] per unit time [ms] increases as the engine speed Ne increases, the first half combustion period a should be longer (longer on the crank angle axis). In the case shown in FIG. 15, the first half combustion period “a” hardly changes even when the engine speed Ne is different. This is considered to be due to the fact that the higher the engine rotation speed Ne, the shorter the first half combustion period a. In other words, the higher the engine speed Ne, the longer the first combustion period a due to the larger crank rotation angle per unit time, and the shorter the first combustion period a due to “other factors”. Can be assumed.
- the first half combustion period a is affected by the ignition timing SA and the engine speed Ne.
- the ignition timing SA and the engine rotational speed Ne affect the turbulence in the cylinder.
- the ignition timing FA and the maximum heat generation rate dQpeakA also shift to the retard side as the ignition timing SA shifts to the retard side.
- the in-cylinder volume at the maximum heat generation rate dQpeakA increases and the turbulence in the cylinder decreases .
- the disturbance in a cylinder becomes weak, flame propagation will become slow and the first half combustion period a will become long.
- the lower the engine speed Ne the lower the flow velocity of the air flowing into the cylinder from the intake system, and the turbulence in the cylinder becomes weaker. And if the disturbance in a cylinder becomes weak, flame propagation will become slow and the first half combustion period a will become long.
- the higher the engine speed Ne the higher the flow velocity of the air flowing into the cylinder from the intake system, and the turbulence in the cylinder becomes stronger. And if the disturbance in a cylinder becomes strong, flame propagation will become rapid and the first half combustion period a will become short.
- the above-mentioned “other factors (factors that shorten the first half combustion period a)” is that the flame propagation is rapid due to the fact that the higher the engine speed Ne, the stronger the turbulence in the cylinder. .
- the inventor of the present invention derived the formula (3) based on this new knowledge.
- the in-cylinder volume, particularly the maximum in-cylinder volume V @dQpeak is used as a variable as a physical quantity correlated with the ignition timing SA that is the control amount. That is, as described above, as the ignition timing SA shifts to the retard side, the maximum heat generation rate timing dQpeakA also shifts to the retard side, and the in-cylinder volume V @dQpeak increases, which is correlated with the ignition timing SA.
- the maximum heat release rate in-cylinder volume V @dQpeak is used as a variable.
- the procedure for obtaining the maximum heat release rate in-cylinder volume V @dQpeak and the procedure for calculating the first half combustion period a are the following variables.
- a virtual heat generation rate maximum time is set, and the in-cylinder volume at the virtual heat generation rate maximum time is obtained. Since the cylinder volume can be geometrically determined by the crank angle position (piston position) corresponding to the virtual maximum heat generation rate, the cylinder volume is unambiguous from the virtual maximum heat generation rate. It is decided.
- the estimated first half combustion period is calculated by substituting the in-cylinder volume and the engine rotation speed at the virtual maximum heat generation rate timing into Expression (3). Then, a timing that is advanced by the calculated first half combustion period with respect to the virtual maximum heat generation rate is set as a virtual ignition timing.
- the ignition timing FA can be calculated by adding the ignition delay period ⁇ to the ignition timing SA.
- the virtual ignition timing is compared with the calculated ignition timing FA. If the virtual ignition timing does not match the calculated ignition timing FA, the virtual maximum heat generation rate timing is changed. For example, the virtual maximum heat generation rate is changed to the retard side. Then, again, the in-cylinder volume and the engine rotation speed at the virtual maximum heat generation rate time are substituted into the equation (3) to calculate the estimated first half combustion period, and the virtual ignition timing is obtained and calculated.
- the ignition timing FA ignition timing FA obtained by adding the ignition delay period ⁇ calculated by the ignition delay estimation unit 2 to the ignition timing SA is compared.
- the above operation is as follows.
- the period between the ignition timing FA (ignition timing determined according to the actual ignition timing) and the virtual maximum heat generation rate (virtual first half combustion period) was calculated by the formula (3) (estimated) )
- the estimated first half combustion period (first half combustion period estimated based on the physical quantity at the virtual maximum heat generation rate timing) is compared, and if these do not match, the virtual maximum heat generation rate timing is changed.
- the period between the ignition timing FA and the virtual maximum heat generation rate (virtual first half combustion period) is calculated using equation (3). Compare the estimated first half combustion period. This operation is repeated, and the estimated first half combustion period when these match (when the virtual first half combustion period and the estimated first half combustion period match) is obtained as the true first half combustion period a.
- Equation (3) C and ⁇ are obtained by identification based on experiments and the like. Further, ⁇ is a value corresponding to the tumble ratio in the cylinder, and is given as a larger value as the tumble ratio is larger. Note that ⁇ may be set by identification based on experiments or the like. These coefficients can also be identified with respect to changes in the opening / closing timing of the intake valve. As described above, the expression (3) is multiplied by the exponential function (correction coefficient) of the engine rotational speed Ne based on the in-cylinder volume V @dQpeak at the maximum heat generation rate and with the value ⁇ corresponding to the tumble ratio as an exponent. Thus, the first half combustion period a is calculated.
- FIG. 16 and FIG. 17 are graphs showing the results of verifying the relationship between the predicted first half combustion period calculated by Equation (3) and the first half actual measured combustion period measured in the actual machine for different engines.
- a prediction formula obtained by identifying the coefficient C in the formula (3) according to the engine operating condition is used.
- the engine speed Ne increases in the order of “ ⁇ ”, “ ⁇ ”, “ ⁇ ”, “ ⁇ ”, “ ⁇ ”, “+”, and “ ⁇ ”.
- “ ⁇ ” is 800 rpm
- “ ⁇ ” is 1000 rpm
- ⁇ ” is 1200 rpm
- “ ⁇ ” is 1600 rpm
- “ ⁇ ” is 2400 rpm
- “+” is 3200 rpm
- “ ⁇ ” is 3600 rpm.
- the engine rotation speed Ne increases in the order of “ ⁇ ”, “ ⁇ ”, “+”, “ ⁇ ”, and “ ⁇ ”. For example, “ ⁇ ” is 800 rpm, “ ⁇ ” is 1200 rpm, “+” is 2400 rpm, “ ⁇ ” is 3600 rpm, and “ ⁇ ” is 4800 rpm.
- the predicted first half combustion period substantially coincides with the measured first half combustion period, and it can be seen that the first half combustion period a is calculated with high accuracy according to the equation (3).
- the first half combustion period a is not affected by the load factor, air-fuel ratio, EGR rate, and oil / water temperature, and is based on the maximum heat release rate in-cylinder volume V @dQpeak and the engine speed Ne. Can be estimated.
- the in-cylinder volume V @dQpeak at the time of maximum heat generation rate and the engine rotation speed Ne are parameters that correlate with the disturbance in the cylinder as described above.
- the load factor, the air-fuel ratio, the EGR rate, and the oil / water temperature are assumed to have no influence on the first half combustion period a because there is almost no correlation with the disturbance in the cylinder.
- the maximum heat release rate cylinder volume V @dQpeak and the engine speed Ne which are parameters correlated with the turbulence in the cylinder. Since the first half combustion period a can be estimated based on this, the man-hours for determining the first half combustion period a under various operating conditions of the engine can be greatly reduced.
- the first half combustion period is not affected by the load factor.
- This load factor is one of the parameters for controlling the fuel injection amount, and the fuel injection amount is a control parameter that affects the fuel density in the cylinder.
- the first half combustion period is estimated without depending on the fuel density in the cylinder.
- the first half combustion period is estimated based on parameters that affect the turbulence in the cylinder, such as the maximum heat generation rate in-cylinder volume V @dQpeak and the engine rotation speed Ne.
- the heat generation rate gradient is estimated based on the fuel density in the cylinder.
- the first half combustion period and the heat generation rate gradient estimated in the present embodiment are estimated as values independent of each other (not dependent on each other).
- the heat generation rate gradient estimation unit 4 is a portion that estimates the heat generation rate gradient b / a (hereinafter referred to as the heat generation rate gradient) in the first half combustion period a.
- the heat generation rate gradient b / a estimation process performed in the heat generation rate gradient estimation unit 4 is as follows.
- This heat release rate gradient b / a [J / CA 2 ] is basically estimated using the following equation (4) (this equation corresponds to a heat release rate gradient estimation model).
- ⁇ fuel @ dQpeak is the fuel density (in-cylinder fuel amount [mol] / in-cylinder volume [L] at the maximum heat generation rate) at the maximum heat generation rate dQpeakA; Also called density.
- C 3 is a coefficient identified based on experiments or the like.
- FIGS. 18 (a) to 18 (d) are heat generation rate waveforms obtained in the engine operating states in which only the load rate is different from each other, and the ignition timing SA is set so that the maximum heat generation rate timings dQpeakA coincide with each other.
- the heat release rate waveforms adjusted for are superimposed and displayed.
- the ignition timing changes to the retard side in the order of FIGS. 18 (a) to 18 (d), and in each figure, the load factor increases in the order of KL1, KL2, and KL3.
- KL1 has a load factor of 20%
- KL2 has a load factor of 30%
- KL3 has a load factor of 40%.
- the heat generation rate gradient b / a is affected by the load factor and the ignition timing SA. Specifically, in any of FIGS. 18A to 18D having different ignition timings SA, the heat generation rate gradient b / a increases as the load factor increases. As a factor that the heat generation rate gradient b / a is affected by the load factor in this way, it is conceivable that the fuel density in the cylinder changes according to the load factor. That is, it is considered that the higher the load factor, the greater the in-cylinder fuel amount, and the higher the fuel density in the cylinder and the higher the combustion speed of the air-fuel mixture.
- 19 (a) and 19 (b) are graphs in which the heat release rate waveforms obtained in each engine operating state in which only the ignition timing SA is different from each other are displayed in an overlapping manner in order to investigate the influence of the change in the ignition timing SA. It is. In FIG. 19A and FIG. 19B, the load factors are different from each other. In either case, the heat generation rate gradient b / a decreases as the ignition timing SA shifts to the retard side. Tend to be.
- the factor that the heat generation rate gradient b / a is influenced by the ignition timing SA is also considered to be due to the fuel density in the cylinder as in the case of the load factor described above. That is, when the piston is in the vicinity of compression top dead center (TDC), the change in the in-cylinder volume accompanying the change in the crank angle is small, but as it moves away from the TDC in the expansion stroke (for example, from about ATDC 10 ° CA) H) The cylinder volume increases as the retard angle increases, and the fuel density in the cylinder decreases accordingly.
- TDC compression top dead center
- the heat generation rate waveform moves to the retard side as a whole with the retard of the ignition timing SA, and the ignition timing FA (waveform of the waveform).
- the slope of the heat release rate waveform gradually decreases.
- the slope of the straight line (indicated by the alternate long and short dash line in the figure) connecting from the ignition timing FA (starting point of the waveform) to the heat generation rate b (the peak of the waveform) at the maximum heat generation rate dQpeakA, that is, the heat generation rate.
- the inclination b / a is also gradually reduced toward the retard side.
- the influence of the retard angle of the ignition timing SA (that is, the retard angle of the ignition timing FA) on the heat generation rate gradient b / a is that the heat generation rate gradient b / a and the maximum heat generation rate fuel density ⁇ fuel @ This is evident in the relationship with dQpeak . That is, as shown in FIGS. 19 (a) and 19 (b), the maximum heat generation rate dQpeakA shifts to the retard side as the ignition timing SA is retarded, and at this heat generation rate maximum time dQpeakA. As the in-cylinder volume (in-cylinder volume V @dQpeak at the maximum heat generation rate) gradually increases, the fuel density ⁇ fuel @ dQpeak at the maximum heat generation rate decreases accordingly. As a result, the heat generation rate gradient b / a becomes smaller.
- the present inventor examined how the heat generation rate gradient b / a changes corresponding to the change in the fuel density ⁇ fuel @ dQpeak at the maximum heat generation rate.
- the results of this experiment are shown in the graphs of FIGS. 20 (a) to 20 (d).
- the load factor increases in the order of “ ⁇ ”, “ ⁇ ”, “+”, “ ⁇ ”, “ ⁇ ”, “ ⁇ ”, “ ⁇ ”, “ ⁇ ”. For example, in FIG.
- ⁇ indicates a load factor of 15%
- ⁇ indicates a load factor of 20%
- + indicates a load factor of 25%
- ⁇ indicates a load factor of 30%
- ⁇ indicates a load factor of 35%
- ⁇ indicates a load factor of 40%
- ⁇ indicates a load factor of 45%
- ⁇ indicates a load factor of 50%.
- FIGS. 20 (a) to 20 (d) increases in the order of FIGS. 20 (a) to 20 (d).
- FIG. 20 (a) is 800 rpm
- FIG. 20 (b) is 1200 rpm
- FIG. 20 (c) is 2000 rpm
- FIG. 20 (d) shows 3200 rpm.
- the inventor of the present invention derived the formula (4) based on this new knowledge.
- the maximum heat generation rate fuel density ⁇ fuel @ dQpeak which is a variable of the equation (4), can be obtained by dividing the in-cylinder fuel amount by the maximum heat generation rate in-cylinder volume V @dQpeak as described above. it can.
- the procedure for obtaining the maximum heat release rate in-cylinder volume V @dQpeak is as described above in the description of the first half combustion period estimation unit 3.
- the in-cylinder fuel amount is given as input information of the heat release rate waveform calculation device 1.
- the heat generation rate slope b / a which is one of the characteristic values of the heat generation rate waveform, is basically a linear function of the maximum heat generation rate fuel density ⁇ fuel @ dQpeak (in this embodiment, As an example, it can be calculated as a proportional function.
- the heat generation rate gradient b / a can be estimated mainly based on the maximum heat generation rate fuel density ⁇ fuel @ dQpeak without considering the load factor and the ignition timing SA, the heat in various operating conditions of the engine can be estimated. The number of steps required to determine the incidence slope b / a is reduced.
- the heat generation amount estimation unit 5 is a portion that estimates the heat generation amount (total heat generation amount Q all ) generated during the entire combustion period.
- the heat generation amount Q1 in the first half combustion period a is calculated by the following equation (5).
- the total heat generation amount Q all can be expressed as in-cylinder fuel amount ⁇ k (combustion efficiency) (this equation corresponds to a heat generation amount estimation model).
- the combustion efficiency k decreases when the oil / water temperature is low, for example, during warm-up operation, and also changes due to changes in the load factor, engine speed, and the like. Therefore, in this embodiment, a map for determining the value of the combustion efficiency k in association with the oil / water temperature, the load factor, and the engine rotation speed is determined in advance using a database of experimental results of various engines. Then, the total heat generation amount Q all is calculated from the in-cylinder fuel amount using the value of the combustion efficiency k.
- the heat generation rate b at the maximum heat generation rate dQpeakA is obtained by the following equation (7), and the second half combustion period c is obtained by the following equation (8).
- the ignition delay estimation unit 2 using the ignition delay estimation model 2 estimates the ignition delay period ⁇
- the first combustion period estimation unit 3 uses the first combustion period estimation model.
- Estimation of the first half combustion period a, estimation of the heat generation rate inclination b / a in the heat generation rate inclination estimation unit 4 using the heat generation rate inclination estimation model, and heat generation amount estimation unit 5 using the heat generation amount estimation model The heat generation amount Q all at is estimated, and the maximum heat generation rate b and the second half combustion period c are calculated.
- a triangular waveform that approximates the heat release rate waveform is created as shown in FIG. 2, and this triangular waveform is output as the heat release rate waveform.
- the system design, the control, and the adaptive value are examined for engine design.
- the ignition delay period ⁇ which is one of the characteristic values of the waveform, is calculated from the fuel density ⁇ fuel at a predetermined time. I am trying to calculate. That is, when the ignition timing of the air-fuel mixture is on the advance side (BTDC ignition) from the compression top dead center of the piston, the ignition delay period ⁇ is based on the fuel density ⁇ fuel @ SA in the cylinder at the ignition timing SA. On the other hand, if the ignition timing of the air-fuel mixture is retarded from the compression top dead center (ATDC ignition), the ignition is performed based on the fuel density ⁇ fuel @ FA in the cylinder at the ignition timing FA. The delay period ⁇ is calculated. For this reason, compared with calculating based on both the engine load factor and the ignition timing, man-hours can be reduced.
- the first half combustion period a which is also one of the characteristic values, is assumed not to depend on any of the engine load factor, air-fuel ratio, EGR rate, and oil water temperature, and the maximum heat release rate in the cylinder.
- the calculation is made based on the volume V @ dQpeak and the engine speed Ne. Thereby, the man-hour concerning calculation of the first half combustion period a can be reduced significantly.
- the heat generation rate waveform is created based on the ignition delay period ⁇ , this heat generation rate The waveform is created according to the physical phenomenon in the combustion state in the cylinder.
- the heat generation rate according to the present embodiment is compared with a method of creating a heat generation rate waveform using a Webe function, in which various parameters such as a shape parameter are mathematically combined to simply match the waveform shape.
- the heat generation rate waveform created by the waveform calculation device 1 can obtain high reliability.
- the ignition delay period ⁇ can be calculated from the fuel density ⁇ fuel in the cylinder and the engine rotational speed Ne as described above without creating the entire heat release rate waveform.
- the ignition delay period ⁇ can be estimated and evaluated more easily than in the past while ensuring the required accuracy.
- the first half combustion period a and the heat generation rate inclination b / a estimated in the present embodiment are estimated as values independent of each other (not dependent on each other). Therefore, the first half combustion period a is estimated as a value that is not affected by the error when the heat generation rate inclination b / a includes an estimation error, and the heat generation rate inclination b / a is When an estimation error is included in a, it is estimated as a value that is not affected by the error. As a result, high estimation accuracy of these values can be ensured.
- the heat generation rate waveform calculation method implemented in the heat generation rate waveform calculation apparatus described in the above embodiment is also within the scope of the technical idea of the present invention.
- the average rate of increase of the heat generation rate in the period from the ignition timing FA of the air-fuel mixture to the maximum heat generation rate dQpeakA is the heat generation rate slope b / a
- the equation (4) The heat generation rate gradient b / a is calculated as a linear function of the maximum heat generation rate fuel density ⁇ fuel @ dQpeak , but is not limited thereto.
- the heat generation rate is increasing from the ignition timing FA to the maximum heat generation rate dQpeakA (heat generation rate increase period), for example, a predetermined time slightly before the heat generation rate maximum time dQpeakA from the ignition timing.
- the rate of increase in the heat generation rate during the period up to the time may be a heat generation rate gradient, and the heat generation rate gradient may be estimated based on the fuel density at the predetermined time.
- a virtual ignition timing is set and is calculated by repetitive calculation of the formula (1) or the formula (2).
- the present invention is not limited to this, the ignition timing is sensed in a test with an actual machine, and the ignition timing is set based on this, or a desired ignition timing is input as an input signal to the heat release rate waveform calculation device 1 By doing so, the ignition delay period ⁇ may be obtained.
- a virtual maximum heat generation rate is set, and the calculation is performed by iterative calculation of Equation (3). I was trying to do it. Not limited to this, the maximum heat generation rate is sensed in a test with an actual machine, and the maximum heat generation rate is set based on this, or the desired heat is input as an input signal to the heat generation rate waveform calculation device 1.
- the maximum heat generation rate in-cylinder volume V @dQpeak and the first half combustion period a may be obtained by inputting the maximum generation rate timing.
- the heat release rate waveform calculation apparatus 1 outputs a triangular waveform.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and a heat generation rate waveform may be generated by performing predetermined filter processing on the generated triangular waveform, and the heat generation rate waveform may be output.
- the first half combustion period a is calculated as not depending on any of the engine load factor, EGR rate, air-fuel ratio, and oil / water temperature, but at least one of these operating conditions is calculated. You may make it calculate as what does not depend.
- the present invention it is possible to reduce the man-hours required to create the heat release rate waveform in the spark ignition type internal combustion engine, and it is possible to reduce the cost. Therefore, the invention can be applied to an internal combustion engine for automobiles.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の発明者は、点火栓による点火が行われてから混合気が着火するまでの期間である着火遅れ期間が燃料密度と高い相関を有しており、その着火遅れ期間に対する機関負荷率および点火時期の影響が燃料密度によってまとめて表現できる、という新規な知見を得た。
具体的に、本発明は、火花点火式の内燃機関における熱発生率波形を算出するための装置を対象とするもので、点火栓による点火が行われてから混合気が着火するまでの期間を、前記熱発生率波形の特性値の一つである着火遅れ期間として規定する。そして、前記混合気の着火時期がピストンの圧縮上死点よりも進角側である場合には、前記点火時期における気筒内の燃料密度に基づいて前記着火遅れ期間を推定する一方、前記混合気の着火時期がピストンの圧縮上死点よりも遅角側である場合には、前記着火時期における気筒内の燃料密度に基づいて前記着火遅れ期間を推定し、この推定した着火遅れ期間を用いて前記熱発生率波形を算出する構成とする。
熱発生率波形算出装置1は、熱発生率波形の特性値として着火遅れ、前半燃焼期間、熱発生率傾きおよび熱発生量をそれぞれ推定するために、着火遅れ推定モデルを格納した着火遅れ推定部2、前半燃焼期間推定モデルを格納した前半燃焼期間推定部3、熱発生率傾き推定モデルを格納した熱発生率傾き推定部4、および、熱発生量推定モデルを格納した熱発生量推定部5を備えている。
着火遅れ推定部2は、前述した如く、点火時期SAから着火時期FAまでの期間である着火遅れ期間τを推定する部分である。
前半燃焼期間推定部3は、前述した如く、着火時期FAから熱発生率最大時期dQpeakAまでの期間である前半燃焼期間aを推定する部分である。
熱発生率傾き推定部4は、前述した如く、前半燃焼期間aにおける熱発生率の傾きb/a(以下、熱発生率傾きという)を推定する部分である。
熱発生量推定部5は、前述した如く、燃焼期間の全期間において発生した熱発生量(総熱発生量Qall)を推定する部分である。
以上説明した実施形態は、自動車用のガソリンエンジンを対象とした熱発生率波形を作成する熱発生率波形算出装置に本発明を適用した場合について説明した。本発明はこれに限らず、自動車用以外の火花点火機関に対しても適用が可能である。また、ガソリンエンジンにも特に限定されるものではなく、例えばガスエンジンに対しても適用が可能である。
SA 点火時期
FA 混合気の着火時期
τ 着火遅れ期間
a 前半燃焼期間(着火時期から熱発生率最大時期までの期間)
dQpeakA 熱発生率最大時期
ρfuel@SA 点火時期における筒内の燃料密度
ρfuel@FA 着火時期における筒内の燃料密度
Neδ,Neψ エンジン回転速度に基づく補正係数
Claims (6)
- 火花点火式の内燃機関における熱発生率波形を算出するための装置であって、
点火栓による点火が行われてから混合気が着火するまでの期間を、前記熱発生率波形の特性値の一つである着火遅れ期間として規定し、
前記混合気の着火時期がピストンの圧縮上死点よりも進角側である場合には、前記点火時期における気筒内の燃料密度に基づいて前記着火遅れ期間を推定する一方、前記混合気の着火時期がピストンの圧縮上死点よりも遅角側である場合には、前記着火時期における気筒内の燃料密度に基づいて前記着火遅れ期間を推定し、この推定した着火遅れ期間を用いて前記熱発生率波形を算出する構成となっていることを特徴とする内燃機関の熱発生率波形算出装置。 - 請求項1に記載の内燃機関の熱発生率波形算出装置において、
前記着火遅れ期間を、機関回転速度に基づく補正係数を乗算して算出する構成となっている、内燃機関の熱発生率波形算出装置。 - 請求項1または2のいずれかに記載の内燃機関の熱発生率波形算出装置において、
前記着火遅れ期間は、
仮想の着火時期を設定し、この仮想の着火時期がピストンの圧縮上死点よりも進角側である場合には、前記点火時期における気筒内の燃料密度に基づいて前記着火遅れ期間を推定する一方、前記仮想の着火時期がピストンの圧縮上死点よりも遅角側である場合には、前記着火時期における気筒内の燃料密度に基づいて前記着火遅れ期間を推定し、この推定した着火遅れ期間と、実際の点火時期と前記仮想の着火時期との間の期間である仮想の着火遅れ期間とを比較し、これらが一致した場合における前記推定した着火遅れ期間が真の着火遅れ期間として算出され、
この真の着火遅れ期間を用いて前記熱発生率波形を算出する構成となっている、内燃機関の熱発生率波形算出装置。 - 請求項1~3のいずれか一つに記載の内燃機関の熱発生率波形算出装置において、
混合気の着火から燃焼終了までのクランク角度期間を底辺とし、熱発生率最大時期における熱発生率を頂点とする三角波形によって熱発生率波形を近似し、
前記三角波形において、点火栓による点火時期から三角波形の斜辺の立ち上がり時期までの期間を前記着火遅れ期間として規定する構成となっている、内燃機関の熱発生率波形算出装置。 - 請求項4に記載の内燃機関の熱発生率波形算出装置において、
前記三角波形における着火時期から熱発生率最大時期までの期間が、機関負荷率、空燃比、EGR率および油水温のうち少なくとも一つに依らないものとして、前記三角波形を作成する構成となっている、内燃機関の熱発生率波形算出装置。 - 火花点火式の内燃機関における熱発生率波形を算出する方法であって、
点火栓による点火が行われてから混合気が着火するまでの期間を、前記熱発生率波形の特性値の一つである着火遅れ期間として規定し、
前記混合気の着火時期がピストンの圧縮上死点よりも進角側である場合には、前記点火時期における気筒内の燃料密度に基づいて前記着火遅れ期間を推定する一方、前記混合気の着火時期がピストンの圧縮上死点よりも遅角側である場合には、前記着火時期における気筒内の燃料密度に基づいて前記着火遅れ期間を推定し、この推定した着火遅れ期間を用いて前記熱発生率波形を算出することを特徴とする内燃機関の熱発生率波形算出方法。
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