WO2015158225A1 - 易脱模的预制混凝土方桩模具 - Google Patents

易脱模的预制混凝土方桩模具 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015158225A1
WO2015158225A1 PCT/CN2015/076377 CN2015076377W WO2015158225A1 WO 2015158225 A1 WO2015158225 A1 WO 2015158225A1 CN 2015076377 W CN2015076377 W CN 2015076377W WO 2015158225 A1 WO2015158225 A1 WO 2015158225A1
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Prior art keywords
plate
mold
shaped plate
shaping
support frame
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PCT/CN2015/076377
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
朱克平
张风臣
陆军
吴海涛
张前永
王峰
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朱月琴
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Publication of WO2015158225A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015158225A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/02—Moulds with adjustable parts specially for modifying at will the dimensions or form of the moulded article
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/34—Moulds, cores, or mandrels of special material, e.g. destructible materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/0002—Auxiliary parts or elements of the mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/0091—Transformable moulds allowing the change of shape of an initial moulded preform by preform deformation or the change of its size by moulding on the preform

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a mould for building components, in particular to a precast concrete square pile mould.
  • the production line of prefabricated concrete square piles requires special steel molds.
  • the concrete density is usually around 2400kg/m 3
  • the steel density is 7850kg/m 3
  • the reinforced concrete product itself has a large self-weight.
  • the steel molds loaded with semi-finished piles are transported and transported between processes, and the quality is up to more than ten tons.
  • Zhang The drawing machine applies pressure of up to 100 tons at both ends of the mold, and the mold is required to have high rigidity and no deformation. After repeated use, the outer dimensions of the product can be ensured, and the bearing capacity and rigidity of the mold are highly demanded.
  • the prior art precast concrete square pile mold cannot meet the requirements of the above two aspects at the same time.
  • Difficulty in demolding is a long-standing problem that steel precast concrete square pile molds used in production of pipelines have not been solved. It directly brings two kinds of hazards: First, it is easy to lift and release the mold, and it is easy to crack the concrete square pile. , seriously affecting product quality. Second, the steel mold weighing several tons, after lifting, demoulding and falling to the ground, both damage the mold itself and damage the ground of the factory; at the same time, the serious dust and noise pollution caused by the falling of the steel mold damages the health of the staff.
  • An easy-release precast concrete square pile mold provided by the present invention comprises a flat bottom template and a side vertical template, wherein at least one side template is a shaping plate, and the shaping plate
  • the outer side of the outer side is provided with a supporting mold frame fixedly connected with the bottom template; when the concrete square pile of a certain specification is produced, the intersection position of the lower part of the shaping forming board and the bottom template is fixed; between the shaping upper end and the supporting mold frame The distance can be adjusted, and a shaping plate positioning device for adjusting the position of the shaping plate is arranged between the shaping plate and the supporting mold frame.
  • the template of the mold can only be a single structure
  • the technicians in the field must use thick and strong materials to meet the rigidity requirements and product quality requirements of the mold.
  • Increasing the strength of the mold will inevitably increase the difficulty of demolding the mold.
  • the present invention overcomes the technical prejudice by replacing the side templates of at least one side with two separate and interfitting members, a shaped plate and a supporting form, both of which are realized by the side form in the prior art.
  • the function is divided and distributed, which is realized by the support frame and the shaping plate.
  • the support frame with thick and high strength is used to realize the bearing capacity and rigidity of the mold.
  • the shaped plate with only the shaping function can only bear the small pressure in the transverse direction of the concrete slurry, and can be made of thinner materials. Therefore, it is easy to adjust and assemble.
  • the shaping plate positioning device may be a struting device disposed between the shaping plate and the supporting mold frame.
  • the struting device may be a positioning bolt horizontally disposed on an upper portion of the supporting mold frame; a positioning screw hole is disposed on the supporting mold frame, and a screw front portion of the positioning bolt passes through the positioning screw hole to enter the shaping plate and the supporting mold Between the boxes.
  • the front end of the positioning bolt may not be connected with the shaping plate, and the positioning bolt can only push the shaping plate inward, and the shaping plate cannot be pulled outward.
  • the push-pull socket can also be arranged on the shaping plate, so that the screw front end of the positioning bolt is movably connected with the push-pull bolt seat, so that the positioning bolt can not only push the shaping plate inward, but also can
  • the outer drawing and shaping plate makes the shaped plate leave the side of the formed concrete pile body, which is more convenient for demoulding.
  • the struting device may be a cam disposed on the support frame.
  • the type of the cam may be any one of a disc cam, a cylindrical cam or a moving cam, or a combination thereof.
  • the axis of rotation of the cam is parallel to the bottom template and the shaped plate, or perpendicular to the bottom template.
  • the disc cam rotates along the cross section of the mold or along the horizontal plane, its flange pushes or leaves the shaped plate.
  • the rotating shaft of the cam is perpendicular to the shaped plate in the vertical state, and the outer side of the shaped plate is provided with a convex top support that matches the cylindrical cam.
  • the cylindrical cam rotates, use its convex surface to push or loosen the shaped plate.
  • a protruding top support matching the moving cam is provided on the outside of the shaping plate at the same time.
  • the moving cam moves up and down in a plane perpendicular to the shaping plate, that is, in the transverse plane of the mold, the flange of the moving cam pushes or relaxes the shaping plate.
  • the struts may be wedges disposed outside the ends of the shaped plates. When demolding, it is only necessary to take out the wedge from between the shaping plate and the support frame.
  • the present invention may also be provided with an outward flange at the end of the shaped plate, and the outward flange and the support frame are respectively provided with corresponding positioning holes, and the corresponding positioning holes and the penetration holes are inserted therein.
  • the pin or bolt constitutes a shaped plate positioning device.
  • the shaped plate has an L-shaped cross section, the upright portion is a shaped plate surface, and the horizontal bent portion is a mounting folded surface; correspondingly disposed on the mounting folding surface and the bottom template a mounting hole through which the bolt passes The mounting folds are fixedly mounted on the bottom template.
  • an acute angle of 84 to 87 degrees is preferably formed between the molding plate surface and the mounting surface, and the shape can be such that the shaping plate surface returns to the camber angle when the shaped plate positioning device is relaxed, and is automatically disengaged.
  • the side of the pile body of the formed concrete square pile facilitates the overall demoulding of the concrete square pile.
  • the simplest solution for mounting the shaped plate on the bottom plate is to provide a pin at the lower end of the shaped plate, and an insert seat matching the pin on the bottom plate, the insertion foot being inserted into the insert seat
  • the lower end of the shaped plate is positioned on the bottom template.
  • the insert seat can be a mounting hole, a mounting slot or a mounting slot.
  • the present invention overcomes the technical prejudice and solves the problem of mold release difficulty that steel precast concrete square pile mold has not been solved for a long time.
  • the invention replaces the side template of at least one side of the existing mold with two independent and interfitting members of the shaping plate and the supporting mold frame, and the two aspects of the prior art are realized by the side template.
  • the splitting and distribution were done by supporting the formwork and shaping the board respectively.
  • the support frame with thick material and high strength is used to realize the bearing capacity and rigidity of the mold, while the shaped plate made of thinner material only bears the shaping function, which satisfies the requirements of the bearing capacity and rigidity of the mold. At the same time, it meets the requirements of easy demoulding and easy assembly.
  • the invention solves the problem of difficulty in demoulding, and brings about three effects: firstly, it can avoid the falling impact of the mold, prevent the deformation of the mold and the crack of the concrete square pile caused by the collision, and ensure the product quality. Second, it can speed up the mold turnover speed to improve production efficiency and reduce production costs. Third, it greatly reduces fly ash and noise pollution and protects workers' health.
  • Embodiment 1 is a cross-sectional view of Embodiment 1.
  • Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion A of the shaping plate positioning device of Fig. 1.
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the shaping plate positioning device of the fourth embodiment.
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the shaping plate positioning device of the fifth embodiment.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of a shaped plate of Embodiment 6.
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view showing the shaping plate positioning device of the sixth embodiment.
  • Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view showing the first embodiment after the tie rod and the lifting lug are attached.
  • bottom template 1 shaping plate 2, supporting mold frame 3, adjustable side template 4, reinforcing steel plate 5, positioning bolt 50, push-pull bolt seat 51, top support 60, cylindrical cam 61, tie rod 7, lifting lug 8.
  • the mold release precast concrete square pile mold of the present embodiment is made of the existing adjustable precast concrete square.
  • the pile mold is modified, including a bottom plate 1 and a support frame 3 and an adjustable side plate 4 vertically mounted on the bottom plate 1.
  • the supporting mold frame 3 is a fixed side template of the existing mold, and its shape and structure are the same as those of the adjustable side template 4, but in the present embodiment, it only serves to strengthen the rigidity of the mold and support the shaping plate 2, It does not touch the concrete mud, and it does not have the shaping effect of the general template.
  • the lower end of the support frame 3 is fixedly welded to the bottom plate 1.
  • the lower end of the adjustable side plate 4 and the bottom plate 1 are provided with corresponding mounting holes, wherein the bottom plate 1 has a plurality of mounting holes, which are produced in a certain specification.
  • the adjustable side formwork 4 can be bolted to a corresponding set of mounting holes on the bottom form 1 as needed.
  • the shaping plate 2 is made of Q345B steel plate with a thickness of 3 mm, and has a cross section of "L" shape, the upright portion is a shaped plate surface, and the bottom surface of the horizontal bending is a mounting folding surface, and the mounting folding surface and the bottom template are used. 1 fixed welding. On the outer side surface of the shaping plate 2, a portion exceeding 50 mm or more from the bottom die plate 1 is welded with a lightweight angle steel as a reinforcing rib to prevent deformation of the plate surface.
  • the shaping plate positioning device in this embodiment is a positioning bolt 50 horizontally disposed on the upper portion of the support frame 3.
  • the supporting mold frame 3 is provided with a positioning screw hole.
  • the front part of the screw of the positioning bolt 50 passes through the positioning screw hole and enters between the shaping plate 2 and the supporting mold frame 3.
  • the shaping plate 2 is provided with horizontal welding.
  • the push-pull seat 51 made of the outer angle steel has a penetration hole for the positioning screw.
  • the front end of the screw of the positioning bolt 50 is inserted into the push-pull seat 51 and then engaged by the washer and the pin.
  • the shaping plate 2 is positioned at the pouring position by changing the length of the positioning bolt 50 screwed into the positioning hole; when the mold is released, the positioning bolt 50 is screwed outward to pull the shaping plate 2 away from the formed shape.
  • the concrete square pile is lifted out of the mold.
  • the reinforcing steel sheet 5 is disposed on the lower side of the bottom template 1 in this embodiment.
  • a tie rod 7 is disposed between the adjustable side template 4 and the upper edge of the support mold frame 3; in order to facilitate the lifting movement of the mold, in this embodiment, the lifting lugs 8 connected to the bottom template are disposed on both sides of the mold.
  • the end plates can be mounted at both ends of this embodiment.
  • the ends of the embodiment are not provided with fixed end plates, but according to the different specifications of the square piles to be produced, corresponding baffles or pile tips are set in the molds, in the mold Set tension plates or tension cards at both ends.
  • an easy to bend and easy folding can be arranged on the shaping plate of the embodiment near the lower end. band.
  • the folding belt can be formed by milling and grinding the steel sheet in the plane before the flat steel plate is bent into an "L" shape.
  • the shaped plate is partially processed and tempered to form the easy-folding belt.
  • Embodiment 2 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the adjustable side template 4 in Embodiment 1 is also modified into the adjustable support frame provided with the shaping plate positioning device in Embodiment 1, in which A plastic plate having the same shape and material as that of the molding plate 2 in the embodiment 1 is also added to the inner side of the adjustable support frame, and the mounting of the adjustable support frame is provided on the mounting surface of the shaped plate.
  • the holes are the same as the mounting holes, and the shaped plate and the adjustable support frame are bolted together on the bottom plate 1.
  • the adjustable supporting mold frame that is, the original adjustable side template 4 after the modification
  • the supporting mold frame 3 in the embodiment only serves to strengthen the rigidity of the mold and support the shaping plate, and does not contact the concrete. Mud can not afford the shape of the general template.
  • the shaped plate can be adjusted on the bottom template 1 together with the adjustable support frame as needed.
  • Embodiment 3 The difference between this embodiment and the embodiment 2 is only the change of the structure of the support module.
  • the adjustable side template or the fixed side template of the existing mold is not used as the support frame, but two are respectively adopted.
  • the strips are equal in length to the bottom plate 1 and are arranged in parallel with the upper and lower channels as support frames on both sides, and reinforcing steel plates are welded at intervals between the upper and lower channels on each side.
  • the support frame composed of channel steel is not only easy to manufacture, high in strength, but also facilitates the operation and adjustment of the mold due to the gap between the channels.
  • Embodiment 4 Referring to FIG. 3, the difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 1 is two aspects.
  • the shaping plate positioning device of the embodiment is a cylindrical cam 61 whose shaft is fixed on the upper part of the support frame 3, and the rotation axis thereof.
  • the shaping plate 2 is perpendicular to the vertical state, and the outer side of the shaping plate 2 is provided with a convex top support 60 matching the cylindrical cam 61;
  • the mounting surface of the shaping plate 2 of the embodiment is The shape of the molding plate is an acute angle of about 86 degrees, which can make the shaping plate 2 return to the camber angle when the shaping plate positioning device is relaxed, and automatically separate from the side of the pile body after molding, so as to facilitate the whole of the pile Demoulding.
  • the cylindrical cam 61 When pouring, the cylindrical cam 61 is rotated by the handle to the upper end of the convex surface and the top support 60 is contacted, and the shaping plate 2 is positioned at the pouring position; when the mold is released, the rotating handle rotates the cylindrical cam 61 to the convex high end to leave the top support 60, the shaping plate 2 is in a state of being reset after being relaxed, and at this time, the concrete square pile can be conveniently hoisted.
  • Embodiment 5 Referring to FIG. 4, the difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that instead of using a separately formed shaping plate positioning device, an outwardly folded edge is also provided at the upper end of the shaped plate 2, and plastic
  • the cross-section of the shape plate 2 is a half-shaped shape, and corresponding positioning holes are respectively disposed on the outward flange and the support mold frame 3, and the shaping plate positioning device penetrates into the corresponding positioning hole The bolt 9 in the middle.
  • Embodiment 6 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 lies in two points: 1. Referring to FIG. 5, the lower end of the shaping plate 2 of the embodiment is provided with a pin, and the bottom template is provided with an insertion slit matching the pin. The pin is inserted into the insertion slit to position the lower end of the shaped plate 2 on the bottom plate. 2. Referring to FIG. 6, the shaping plate positioning device of the present embodiment is not a positioning bolt disposed on the upper portion of the support frame 3, but a wedge 10 disposed outside the upper end of the shaping plate 2.
  • the embodiment has a simple structure and is particularly suitable for the transformation of existing molds. As long as a plurality of insertion slits are formed in the bottom template of the existing mold, a molding plate as shown in Fig. 5 and a plurality of wedges 10 as shown in Fig. 6 are attached.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
  • Moulds, Cores, Or Mandrels (AREA)

Abstract

一种易脱模的预制混凝土方柱模具，包括平置的底模板（1）和相向立置的侧模板。至少一侧的侧模板是塑形板（2），塑形板（2）的外侧设有与底模板（1）固定连接的支撑模框（3）；塑形板（2）的下部在与底模板（1）的交接位置固定；塑形板（2）上端与支撑模框（3）之间的距离可以调节。塑形板（2）和支撑模框（3）之间设置有塑形板定位装置，其为设置在支撑模框（3）上部的定位螺栓（50）、凸轮（61）或者楔块（10）。该模具组装便捷，产品脱模容易。

Description

易脱模的预制混凝土方桩模具 技术领域
本发明涉及一种建筑构件的模具，尤其是涉及一种预制混凝土方桩模具。
背景技术
自2011年《建筑业“十二五”发展规划》发布以来，建筑工业化作为实现绿色建筑发展的重要手段之一，得到了政府的大力支持，建筑工业化基地也在全国范围内迅速扎根发展。建筑工业化是工厂化生产预制部件、配套式组装住宅建筑的一种现代化建设模式，是建设节能、环保、绿色建筑的必然趋势。由于建筑工业化有着技术先进、质量可控、生产周期短、绿色环保等优点而被越发的重视。混凝土方桩的工厂化预制，不仅能够保证构件外部尺寸、力学性能以及与服役环境相适应的耐久性要求，降低不可再生原材料的消耗，还能提高建筑工程施工速度，降低施工成本，减小建材生产和建筑施工中的环境负荷。
预制混凝土方桩的工厂化流水线生产，需要专用的钢制模具。混凝土密度通常在2400kg/m3左右，钢材密度为7850kg/m3，钢筋混凝土制品本身的自重很大。而在工厂化流水线生产中，装载着半成品桩在各工序间输送、吊运的钢制模具，其质量更是高达十几吨，尤其是，在生产预应力混凝土方桩时，还需要使用张拉机，在模具的两端施加高达百吨的压力，更要求模具刚度大、不变形，在多次使用后仍能保证产品外部尺寸，对模具的承载力和刚度有较高的要求。同时，为提高生产效率，降低生产成本，还要求模具组装便捷、脱模容易，以加快模具周转速度。但是，现有技术中的预制混凝土方桩模具不能同时满足以上两方面的要求。
脱模困难，是流水线生产中使用的钢制预制混凝土方桩模具长期以来未能解决的问题，它直接带来两方面的危害：第一，反复地起吊脱模，容易使混凝土方桩出现裂纹，严重影响产品质量。第二，重达数吨的钢模，起吊后脱模坠落地面，既损坏模具自身，又损坏厂房地面；同时，钢模坠落形成的严重飞尘和噪声污染，损害工作人员的健康。
发明内容
技术问题：为克服现有技术的缺陷，提供一种适用于工厂化流水线生产的，刚度大、不易变形，而且脱模容易、组装便捷的预制混凝土方桩模具。
技术方案：本发明提供的一种易脱模的预制混凝土方桩模具，包括平置的底模板和相向立置的侧模板，其至少一侧的侧模板是塑形板，所述塑形板的外侧设有与底模板固定连接的支撑模框；在生产一定规格的混凝土方桩时，所述塑形板下部与底模板的交接位置固定；所述塑形板上端与支撑模框之间的距离可以调节，塑形板和支撑模框之间设有调节塑形板位置的塑形板定位装置。
背景技术部分所述的对模具的两个方面的要求，对于现有技术中的预制混凝土方桩模具 来说，是互相矛盾、无法兼顾的。囿于“模具的模板只能是单一结构”这一技术偏见，本领域的技术人员在设计预制混凝土方桩模具时，为满足模具的刚度要求和产品质量要求，必然要采用厚重结实的材料来提高模具的强度，这样就不可避免地增加了模具的脱模难度。本发明克服了技术偏见，用塑形板和支撑模框这两个独立而又互相配合的构件来取代至少一侧的侧模板，将现有技术中均由侧模板来实现的两个方面的功能做了分拆分配，分别由支撑模框和塑形板来实现。由材质厚重、强度高的支撑模框来实现对模具的承载力和刚度的要求，而仅具有塑形功能的塑形板只承受混凝土泥浆横向的较小的压力，可以采用材质较薄材料制造，因而，易于调节和组装。
所述的塑形板定位装置可以是设置在所述的塑形板和支撑模框之间的撑顶装置。
撑顶装置可以是水平设置在所述的支撑模框上部的定位螺栓；支撑模框上设有定位螺孔，定位螺栓的螺杆前部穿过所述的定位螺孔进入塑形板和支撑模框之间。
在采用定位螺栓作为撑顶装置时，所述的定位螺栓的前端可以不与塑形板连接，定位螺栓只能向内推撑塑形板，而不能向外引拉塑形板。也可以在所述的塑形板上设置推拉栓座，使定位螺栓的螺杆前端与推拉栓座活动连接，这样，所述的定位螺栓就不光能向内推撑塑形板，而且还能向外引拉塑形板，使塑形板离开成型的混凝土桩身侧面，更便于脱模。
为操作方便，所述的撑顶装置可以为设置在支撑模框上的凸轮。凸轮的类型，可以采用盘形凸轮、圆柱凸轮或者移动凸轮的任意一种，或者其组合。
当采用盘形凸轮时，凸轮的转轴要平行于底模板和塑形板，或垂直于底模板。盘形凸轮沿模具的横断面或沿水平面沿旋转时，其凸缘推撑或离开塑形板。
当采用圆柱凸轮时，凸轮的转轴要垂直于竖直状态时的塑形板，同时，所述的塑形板的外侧要设有与所述的圆柱凸轮匹配的凸出的顶撑座。在圆柱凸轮旋转时，用其凸面推撑或放松塑形板。
当采用的凸轮是可以在垂直于塑形板的平面里作上下移动的移动凸轮时，要同时在所述的塑形板的外侧设置与所述的移动凸轮匹配的凸出的顶撑座。当移动凸轮在垂直于塑形板的平面里，也就是在模具的横断平面里上下移动时，移动凸轮的凸缘会推撑或放松塑形板。
为简化结构，所述的撑顶装置可以是设置在所述的塑形板上端外侧的楔块。脱模时，只需将所述的楔块从塑形板和支撑模框之间取出即可。
本发明也可以在所述的塑形板上端设置向外的折边，所述向外的折边和支撑模框上分别设有对应的定位孔，由所述对应的定位孔和穿入其中的销钉或螺栓构成塑形板定位装置。
优选的，所述的塑形板的横断面为“L”形，其直立部分为塑形板面，水平折弯部为安装折面；在所述安装折面和底模板上设置有对应的安装孔，螺栓穿过所述对应的安装孔，将 安装折面固定安装在底模板上。
进一步的，塑形板面和安装折面之间最好形成84至87度的锐角，这样的形状可以使塑形板面在前述的塑形板定位装置放松时，回复外倾角度，自动脱离成型后的混凝土方桩的桩身侧面，便于混凝土方桩的整体脱模。
将塑形板安装在底模板上的最简单的方案是：在塑形板的下端设置插脚，在底模板上设置与所述插脚相匹配的插入座，所述的插入脚插入插入座中将塑形板下端定位在底模板上。所述的插入座可以是安装孔、安装槽或者安装缝。
还可以在塑形板的下端与底模板之间设置铰接装置，使塑形板铰接在底模板上。
有益效果：本发明克服了技术偏见，解决了钢制预制混凝土方桩模具长期以来未能解决的脱模困难问题。本发明用塑形板和支撑模框这两个独立而又互相配合的构件来取代现有模具的至少一侧的侧模板，将现有技术中均由侧模板来实现的两个方面的功能做了分拆和分配，分别由支撑模框和塑形板来实现。由材质厚重、强度高的支撑模框来实现对模具的承载力和刚度的要求，而材质较薄材料制造的塑形板仅承担塑形功能，在满足了对模具的承载力和刚度的要求的同时，又满足了容易脱模和组装便捷的要求。本发明在解决脱模困难这一问题的同时，带来了三个方面的效果：第一，能够避免模具的摔坠撞击，防止模具变形和因摔撞造成的混凝土方桩裂纹，保证产品质量；第二，可以加快模具周转速度，以提高生产效率、降低生产成本；第三，极大地降低了飞尘和噪声污染，保护工人健康。
附图说明：
图1为实施例1的剖视图。
图2为图1的塑形板定位装置的A部放大图。
图3为实施例4的塑形板定位装置剖视图。
图4为实施例5的塑形板定位装置剖视图。
图5为实施例6的塑形板结构示意图。
图6为实施例6的塑形板定位装置剖视图。
图7为实施例1装上拉杆和吊耳后的剖视图。
图中：底模板1、塑形板2、支撑模框3、可调侧模板4、加强钢板5、定位螺栓50、推拉栓座51、顶撑座60、圆柱凸轮61、拉杆7、吊耳8、螺栓9、楔块10。
具体实施方案：
下面结合实施例和说明书附图对本发明进行进一步的说明。
实施例1：
参见图1，本实施例的易脱模的预制混凝土方桩模具，是由现有的可调式预制混凝土方 桩模具改造而成的，包括包括底模板1，和竖直安装在底模板1上的支撑模框3和可调侧模板4。支撑模框3就是现有模具的固定侧模板，其形状、结构均与可调侧模板4相同，但是，其在本实施例中，只起到加强模具刚度以及支撑塑形板2的作用，不接触混凝土泥浆，不起一般模板的塑形作用。
支撑模框3的下端与底模板1固定焊接，可调侧模板4的下端和底模板1上设有对应的安装孔，其中，底模板1上的安装孔有多组，在生产一定规格的混凝土方桩时，可调侧模板4可以根据需要，用螺栓安装在底模板1上相应的一组安装孔中。
塑形板2采用3mm厚度的Q345B钢板制成，其横断面为“L”形，其直立部分为塑形板面，水平折弯的底面为安装折面，所述的安装折面与底模板1固定焊接。在塑形板2的外侧面上距离底模板1超过50mm以上的部分，焊接有轻质的角钢作为加强筋，以防止其板面变形。
参见图2，本实施例中的塑形板定位装置，是水平设置在所述的支撑模框3上部的定位螺栓50。支撑模框3上设有定位螺孔，定位螺栓50的螺杆前部穿过所述的定位螺孔进入塑形板2和支撑模框3之间，塑形板2上设有由水平焊接在其外侧的角钢做成的推拉栓座51，推拉栓座51上开有定位螺杆的穿入孔，定位螺栓50的螺杆前端穿入推拉栓座51后用垫圈和销钉卡接。浇注时，通过改变定位螺栓50旋入定位孔中的长度，将塑形板2定位在浇注位置；脱模时，将定位螺栓50向外旋出就可以将塑形板2拉离成型后的方桩桩身侧面，将混凝土方桩吊出模具。
参见图7，为在生产大规格的混凝土方桩时使用，以及为防止在模具上施加压力以生产预应力混凝土方桩时模具出现变形，本实施例在底模板1下侧面设置加强钢板5，在可调侧模板4和支撑模框3的上边沿之间设置拉杆7；为方便模具起吊移动，本实施例在模具两侧，设置与底模板连接的吊耳8。
在生产非预应力混凝土方桩时，可以在本实施例的两端安装端头板。
在生产预应力混凝土方桩时，本实施例的两端不安装固定的端头板，而是根据所要生产的方桩的不同规格在模具内设置相应规格的挡板或者桩尖，在模具的两端设置张拉板或张拉卡板。
为使塑形板在调整位置时易于形成轻微的摆动变形，减小塑形板定位装置的推顶力量，可以在本实施例的塑形板上，靠近下端处设置一个易于弯折的易折带。例如，在塑形板2的外侧面上距离折弯处50mm以内的部分，设置一个沿塑形板纵向的、与底模板1平行的、高度为20～40mm、钢板厚度加工为2.5mm的易折带，该易折带可以通过在平面的钢板折弯成横断面为“L”形之前，将该处的钢板铣、磨变薄而形成。当然，也可以用热处理方式对塑 形板进行局部加工、调质，形成所述的易折带。
实施例2：本实施例与实施例1的区别在于，将实施例1中的可调侧模板4也改造成实施例1中的设有塑形板定位装置的可调支撑模框，在该可调支撑模框的里侧也增加一个和实施例1中的塑型板2形状、材料相同的塑型板，在该塑形板的安装折面上设有和可调支撑模框的安装孔相同的安装孔，并将该塑形板与可调支撑模框用螺栓一并安装在底模板1上。这样，可调支撑模框，也就是改造后原可调侧模板4，在本实施例中，也和支撑模框3一样，只起到加强模具刚度以及支撑塑形板的作用，不接触混凝土泥浆，不起一般模板的塑形作用。在生产不同规格的方桩时，根据需要可以使该塑形板与可调支撑模框一起在底模板1上调整位置。使用本实施例的模具，成型后混凝土桩的桩身两侧的塑形板均可向外脱离，完成脱模，使起吊与脱模两个工序完全分开，彻底地解决了现有技术存在的问题和危害。
实施例3：本实施例与实施例2的区别仅仅在于支撑模框的结构的改变，本实施例不采用现有模具的可调侧模板或固定侧模板作为支撑模框，而是分别采用两条与底模板1等长的，上下平行设置的槽钢作为两侧的支撑模框，每侧的上下槽钢之间间隔地焊接有加强钢板。由槽钢组成的支撑模框不仅制造方便、强度高，而且由于槽钢之间留有空隙，也便于模具的操作和调节。
实施例4：参见图3，本实施例与实施例1的区别在两个方面：一方面，本实施例的塑形板定位装置是转轴固定在支撑模框3上部的圆柱凸轮61，其转轴垂直于竖直状态时的塑形板2，塑形板2外侧设有与圆柱凸轮61匹配的凸出的顶撑座60；另一方面，本实施例的塑形板2的安装折面与塑型板面成86度左右外倾的锐角，这样的形状可以使塑形板2在塑形板定位装置放松时，回复外倾角度，自动脱离成型后的桩身侧面，便于方桩的整体脱模。浇注时，用手柄将圆柱凸轮61旋转到其凸面高端和顶撑座60接触，将塑形板2定位在浇注位置；脱模时，旋转手柄使圆柱凸轮61旋转到其凸面高端离开顶撑座60，则塑形板2处于放松后的复位状态，此时，混凝土方桩可以方便吊出。
实施例5：参见图4，本实施例与实施例1的区别在于，不采用另行设置的塑形板定位装置，而是在所述的塑形板2上端也设置向外的折边，塑形板2的横断面为半工字形，在所述向外的折边和支撑模框3上分别设有对应的定位孔，所述的塑形板定位装置是穿入所述对应的定位孔中的螺栓9。
实施例6：本实施例与实施例1的区别在于两点：一、参见图5，本实施例的塑形板2的下端设置插脚，在底模板上设置与所述插脚相匹配的插入缝，所述的插脚插入所述的插入缝中，将塑形板2的下端定位在底模板上。二、参见图6，本实施例的塑形板定位装置不是设置在支撑模框3上部的定位螺栓，而是设置在所述的塑形板2上端外侧的楔块10。使用时， 只要将楔块10置于塑形板2和支撑模框3之间，即可进行浇注，在混凝土泥浆的向外推动下，塑形板2直立在浇注位置。脱模时，取出楔块10，则塑形板2处于放松状态，混凝土方桩可以脱模吊出。本实施例结构简单，尤其适用于现有模具的改造。只要在现有模具的底模板上开设若干插入缝，装上如图5所示塑形板和和若干如图6所示的楔块10即可。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种易脱模的预制混凝土方桩模具，包括平置的底模板和相向立置的侧模板，其特征在于至少一侧的侧模板是塑形板，所述塑形板的外侧设有与底模板固定连接的支撑模框；在生产一定规格的混凝土方桩时，所述塑形板下部与底模板的交接位置固定；所述塑形板上端与支撑模框之间的距离可以调节，塑形板和支撑模框之间设有调节塑形板位置的塑形板定位装置。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的模具，其特征在于所述的塑形板定位装置是设置在所述的塑形板和支撑模框之间的撑顶装置。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的模具，其特征在于所述的撑顶装置是水平设置在所述的支撑模框上部的定位螺栓；支撑模框上设有定位螺孔，定位螺栓的螺杆前部穿过所述的定位螺孔进入塑形板和支撑模框之间。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的模具，其特征在于所述的塑形板上设有推拉栓座，定位螺栓的螺杆前端与推拉栓座活动连接。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的模具，其特征在于所述的撑顶装置是设置在支撑模框上的凸轮。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的模具，其特征在于所述的凸轮是盘形凸轮，其转轴平行于底模板和塑形板或垂直于底模板。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的模具，其特征在于所述的凸轮是转轴垂直于竖直状态时的塑形板的圆柱凸轮，所述的塑形板外侧设有与所述的圆柱凸轮匹配的凸出的顶撑座。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的模具，其特征在于所述的凸轮是可以在垂直于塑形板的平面里作上下移动的移动凸轮，所述的塑形板外侧设置与所述的移动凸轮匹配的凸出的顶撑座。
  9. 根据权利要求2所述的模具，其特征在于所述的撑顶装置是设置在所述塑形板上端外侧的楔块。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的模具，其特征在于所述塑形板上端设置向外的折边，所述向外的折边和支撑模框上分别设有对应的定位孔，由所述对应的定位孔和穿入其中的销钉或螺栓构成所述的塑形板定位装置。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的模具，其特征在于所述的塑形板的横断面为“L”形，其直立部分为塑形板面，水平折弯部分为安装折面，在所述安装折面和底模板上设置有对应的安装孔，螺栓穿过所述对应的安装孔，将安装折面固定安装在底模板上。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的模具，其特征在于所述的塑形板面和安装折面之间形成84至87度的锐角。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的模具，其特征在于所述塑形板的下端设置插脚，在底模板上设置与所述插脚相匹配的插入座，所述的插入脚插入插入座中将塑形板下端定位在底模板上。
  14. 根据权利要求1所述的模具，其特征在于所述塑形板的下端与底模板之间设置铰接装置， 塑形板铰接在底模板上。
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