WO2015149209A1 - 一种转向电机 - Google Patents

一种转向电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015149209A1
WO2015149209A1 PCT/CN2014/074348 CN2014074348W WO2015149209A1 WO 2015149209 A1 WO2015149209 A1 WO 2015149209A1 CN 2014074348 W CN2014074348 W CN 2014074348W WO 2015149209 A1 WO2015149209 A1 WO 2015149209A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
oil
valve
steering motor
cavity
elastic
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2014/074348
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2015149209A8 (zh
Inventor
龚蜀刚
Original Assignee
深圳市智优电池集成技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
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Application filed by 深圳市智优电池集成技术有限公司 filed Critical 深圳市智优电池集成技术有限公司
Priority to EP14888512.2A priority Critical patent/EP3127779B1/en
Priority to CN201480076952.XA priority patent/CN106470887B/zh
Priority to JP2016559976A priority patent/JP6386077B2/ja
Priority to ES14888512T priority patent/ES2732184T3/es
Priority to PCT/CN2014/074348 priority patent/WO2015149209A1/zh
Priority to KR1020167028406A priority patent/KR102096138B1/ko
Priority to US15/300,585 priority patent/US10173721B2/en
Priority to PL14888512T priority patent/PL3127779T3/pl
Publication of WO2015149209A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015149209A1/zh
Publication of WO2015149209A8 publication Critical patent/WO2015149209A8/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D5/00—Power-assisted or power-driven steering
    • B62D5/06—Power-assisted or power-driven steering fluid, i.e. using a pressurised fluid for most or all the force required for steering a vehicle
    • B62D5/062—Details, component parts
    • B62D5/064—Pump driven independently from vehicle engine, e.g. electric driven pump
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D5/00—Power-assisted or power-driven steering
    • B62D5/06—Power-assisted or power-driven steering fluid, i.e. using a pressurised fluid for most or all the force required for steering a vehicle
    • B62D5/062—Details, component parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D5/00—Power-assisted or power-driven steering
    • B62D5/04—Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear
    • B62D5/0418—Electric motor acting on road wheel carriers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D7/00—Steering linkage; Stub axles or their mountings
    • B62D7/02—Steering linkage; Stub axles or their mountings for pivoted bogies
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/20—Other details, e.g. assembly with regulating devices
    • F15B15/22—Other details, e.g. assembly with regulating devices for accelerating or decelerating the stroke

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of motor structures, and more particularly to a steering motor.
  • the steering system of the automobile has also been rapidly improved, and the electric power steering system is the development direction of the automobile steering system.
  • the system provides steering assistance directly from the steering motor, eliminating some of the components necessary in traditional hydraulic power steering systems, saving energy and protecting the environment.
  • the system is easy to adjust, flexible to assemble, and in a variety of situations.
  • the steering assist can be provided underneath.
  • the torque sensor detects the steering of the steering wheel and the magnitude of the torque, and sends the voltage signal to the electronic control unit.
  • the electronic control unit detects the torque voltage signal and the direction of rotation according to the torque sensor. And the vehicle speed signal, etc., an instruction is given to the steering motor controller to cause the steering motor to output a steering assist torque of a corresponding magnitude and direction to generate auxiliary power; when the vehicle is not turning, the electronic control unit does not issue an instruction to the motor controller, the motor Not working.
  • a shock absorption system is arranged inside the steering motor, which is usually adopted in the traditional shock absorption system.
  • the carbon brush and the collector ring when the steering motor is subjected to vibration, the shock absorbing system starts to work and continuously buffers the vibration, so that the carbon brush and the collector ring are continuously rubbed, thereby causing wear and tear due to friction, and It is also sensitive to temperature and is easily damaged by temperature difference, which seriously affects the stability and life of the steering motor.
  • the technical solution provided by the present invention is a steering motor including a spring damping valve and a oil separation disc, the oil separation disc being disposed under the spring damping valve and between the spring damping valve and the spring damping valve
  • the cover is formed into a cavity, and the cavity is provided with a buffer assembly;
  • An oil cylinder assembly is disposed under the oil separation plate, the oil cylinder assembly includes an oil cylinder open at both ends, and an elastic oil bladder is disposed in the oil cylinder and has an opening at an upper end thereof, and an upper end of the elastic oil bladder and the oil cylinder
  • the inner wall is fixedly connected and communicates with the cavity, and the cylinder is further provided with a piston sliding along the axial direction of the cylinder, and the piston is connected to the lower end of the elastic oil bladder;
  • An oil passage arranged in a radial direction and communicating with the cavity is disposed in the oil separation disc, and a lower end of the spring damping valve extends outwardly with an axially arranged hollow column, wherein the hollow column has An oil passage communicating with the oil passage is formed in a side wall of the hollow column, and an oil inlet groove communicating with the inner edge of the oil passage is opened;
  • a reversing valve is inserted at a lower end of the hollow column, the reversing valve includes a spool movable axially within the hollow column, the spool having a valve stem and a valve head disposed at an upper end of the valve stem
  • the outer side wall of the valve head is attached to the inner wall of the inner cavity, and the upper ring is provided with a ring groove for communicating with the oil passage, and the valve stem and the inner wall of the inner cavity have a gap, and a step between the lower end of the valve head and the valve stem forming an indentation and for communicating the inner cavity with the oil passage.
  • the buffer assembly comprises an elastic body, a spacer ring and an elastic diaphragm which are sequentially stacked in the cavity, and an edge of the elastic diaphragm is fastened to close with the inner wall of the cavity to form a closed.
  • a damping hole is disposed in the lower end of the oil separation disc, and the damping hole is disposed for the upper end of the elastic oil bladder, and communicates with the cavity and the elastic oil bladder, respectively.
  • the diameter of the orifice is smaller than the diameter of the opening of the upper end of the elastic oil bladder.
  • the reversing valve further comprises a magnetic steel disposed outside the top of the hollow column, a spring fixedly connected to the bottom end of the valve stem, a sleeve sleeved on the outer circumference of the hollow column, and sleeved on the sleeve The winding coil of the outer circumference of the sleeve.
  • the bottom end of the valve stem has a valve tail, and an outer sidewall of the valve tail is attached to the inner wall of the sleeve, and an oil passage connecting the sleeve is opened on the valve tail.
  • the bottom end of the sleeve is fixedly connected with a connecting tube, the spring is placed in the connecting tube, and the connecting tube communicates with the sleeve through the oil passage.
  • the bottom end of the connecting pipe is connected with a corrugated elastic tube.
  • the steering motor includes a plurality of the cylinder assemblies, each of the cylinder assemblies being disposed below the oil separation disc and circumferentially disposed within the steering motor.
  • the spring damping valve has a butterfly shape, and the oil separation plate is sealed with the spring damping valve by a fastener.
  • the steering motor provided by the invention adopts a combination of oil passages, thereby simplifying the structure of the motor, and also adopting an elastic oil bladder, which reduces the friction and wear of the shock absorbing mechanism and prolongs the steering motor. Service life and cost savings.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a steering motor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a partial enlarged view of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is an enlarged schematic view of a portion A of Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is an enlarged schematic view of a portion B of Figure 2;
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of Figure 2;
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing the assembly of a spring damper valve and a oil displacing disk in a steering motor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the embodiment provides a steering motor, comprising: a spring damping valve 1 and a oil separation plate 2, wherein the oil separation plate 2 is disposed under the spring damping valve 1, and the spring damping valve 1 and the oil separation plate 2 cover to form a closed cavity 6, the cavity 6 is provided with a buffer assembly 4 for damping shocks with oil;
  • an oil passage 21 having an opening at one end is provided along the radial direction thereof, and the oil passage 21 communicates with the cavity 6; the lower end of the spring damper valve 1 extends outwardly along the axial direction thereof.
  • a reversing valve 3 is inserted at the lower end of the hollow column 11, and the reversing valve 3 includes a valve core 32 which is movable in the axial direction of the hollow column 11 in the axial direction thereof.
  • the spool 32 includes a valve stem 323 and a valve head 324 disposed at an upper end of the valve stem 323.
  • the outer sidewall of the valve head 324 is attached to the inner wall of the inner cavity of the hollow cylinder 11.
  • the valve head 324 is provided with a ring groove communicating with the oil passage 21
  • the valve stem 323 has a gap with the inner wall of the inner cavity of the hollow column 11, and a lower step of the valve head 324 and the valve stem 323 form an indented step for the oil inlet groove 13 and the oil passage port 12 It communicates with the inner cavity of the hollow column 11.
  • the oil passage 21 communicates with the oil passage 12 and the cavity 6 to form an oil passage for supplying oil to the hydraulic damping system of the steering motor;
  • the oil passage 21 and the oil passage 12 and the oil inlet groove 13 and the internal cavity of the hollow column 11 constitutes another oil passage for the brake supply and lift supply of the steering motor;
  • the valve core 32 passing through the reversing valve 3 is in the inner cavity of the hollow column 11. Moving up and down, and cooperating with the oil passage 12 and the oil inlet groove 13, the switching of the above two oil passages without interference is realized.
  • a cylinder assembly 5 is fixedly disposed below the oil separation plate 2.
  • the cylinder assembly 5 includes an oil cylinder 51, an elastic oil bladder 52, and a piston 53.
  • the oil cylinder 51 has openings at both ends thereof, and the upper end of the oil cylinder 51 is open to the lower portion of the oil separation plate 2.
  • the surface abuts, the elastic oil bladder 52 and the piston 53 are both disposed in the cylinder 51.
  • the elastic oil bladder 52 is a bladder-shaped elastic diaphragm having an open upper end, and the edge of the upper end of the elastic oil bladder 52 is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the upper end of the cylinder 51.
  • the piston 53 slides up and down in the cylinder 51 as the steering motor vibrates, and the elastic oil bladder 52 is pulled or compressed by sliding thereof.
  • the elastic oil bladder 52 is compressed, the elastic oil bladder The oil in 52 is squeezed and flows into the cavity 6, and then the oil compresses the buffer assembly 4 to cause it to elastically deform, thereby achieving shock absorption vibration.
  • the elastic oil bladder 52 is stretched, the cavity 6 is inside. The oil will flow back into the elastomeric bladder 52 and the cushioning assembly 4 will return to deformation.
  • the sealed valve body 6 is formed by the spring damper valve 1 and the oil separation plate 2, and the cavity 6 is connected through the oil passage 21, and the hollow portion of the oil passage 12 is extended below the oil separation plate 2.
  • the column 11, the hollow column 11 communicates with the oil passage 21 through the oil passage 12, and the switching valve 3 is inserted into the inner cavity of the hollow column 11; the movement of the valve core 32 in the inner cavity of the hollow column 11 is made
  • the oil passage 21 is divided into two branch oil passages which do not interfere with each other. The design reduces the space occupied by the two oil passages, simplifies the structure of the steering motor, saves resources, and saves costs;
  • the sealed cavity 6 is formed by the spring damping valve 1 and the oil separation plate 2, and a buffer assembly 4 is disposed in the cavity 6, and a cavity 6 is disposed under the oil separation plate 2.
  • the cylinder assembly 5, and the elastic oil bladder 52 in the cylinder assembly 5 is in sealing communication with the cavity 6, and the elastic oil bladder 42 overcomes the wear and tear of the components of the cylinder assembly 5 of the conventional hydraulic shock absorbing mechanism, and the temperature-sensitive defect is prolonged. The life of the steering motor also saves costs.
  • the cushion assembly 4 includes an elastic body 41, a spacer 42 and an elastic diaphragm 43, wherein the elastic body 41 and the spacer 42 And the elastic diaphragm 43 is sequentially stacked in the above-mentioned cavity 6 from top to bottom, and the edge of the elastic diaphragm 43 is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the cavity 6 and forms a seal, so that the elastic body 41 and the spacer 42 are elasticized.
  • the diaphragm 43 is sealed in a chamber formed by the inner wall of the cavity 6 and the elastic diaphragm 43, where the elastomer 41 and the spacer 42 can be moved within the chamber, of course, in other embodiments, buffered according to actual conditions and needs.
  • the various components of component 4 can also be arranged in other orders, and buffer component 4 can also be other forms of buffer structure.
  • a damping hole 22 is defined in the bottom surface of the oil separation plate 2, and the damping hole 22 is disposed in the opening of the upper end of the elastic oil bladder 52.
  • the elastic oil bladder 52 communicates with the cavity 6 through the damping hole 22, of course.
  • the elastomeric oil bladder 52 may also be in sealing communication with the cavity 6 described above by other means, such as conduit communication, or passage communication, and the like.
  • the diameter of the orifice 22 is smaller than the diameter of the opening of the upper end of the elastic oil bladder 52.
  • the damping hole 22 also serves as a damping buffer.
  • this is only one form of buffering. In other embodiments, other buffering forms may be used depending on the actual situation.
  • the above-mentioned directional control valve 3 is an electromagnetic directional control valve, and the directional control valve 3 further includes a magnetic steel 31, a sleeve 33, a winding coil 34 and a spring 35; specifically, the magnetic steel 31 is fixedly disposed at The outer side of the top of the hollow column 11, the sleeve 33 is sleeved on the outer circumference of the bottom end of the hollow column 11, the winding coil 34 is sleeved on the outer circumference of the sleeve 33, and the spring 35 is fixedly connected with the bottom end of the valve stem 323 of the valve core 32, of course.
  • other types of reversing valves may be employed depending on the actual situation and needs.
  • valve body 32 In the initial state, the valve body 32 is adsorbed by the magnetic steel 31, the annular groove 321 on the outer wall of the valve head 324 is offset from the oil passage 12 on the hollow column 11, and the oil passage 12 is blocked by the outer wall of the valve head 324.
  • the oil inlet 13 communicates with the oil passage 21 through the oil passage 12, that is, the oil passage formed by the oil passage 21 and the inner cavity of the hollow column 11 constitutes a passage, and the oil passage 21 and the cavity 6 are
  • the oil passage formed by the elastic oil bladder 52 is blocked; when the winding coil 34 is energized, the valve core 32 is entirely moved downward, the valve stem 323 compresses the spring 35, and the annular groove 321 on the outer wall of the valve head 324 is aligned with the oil passage 12
  • the oil inlet 13 is blocked by the outer wall of the lower end of the valve head 324, so that the oil passage formed by the oil passage 21 and the cavity 6 and the elastic oil bladder 52 constitutes a passage, and at the same time, the oil passage 21 and the hollow column 11
  • the oil passage formed by the inner chamber is blocked; in this way, the switching of the two paths is realized by the commutation switching action of the reversing valve 3 without mutual interference.
  • a circular hole 23 is defined in the center of the oil separation plate 2, and when the spring damping valve 1 is closed with the oil separation plate 2, the hollow column 11 at the center of the spring damping valve 1 is inserted into the circular hole 23 to form a fit, and the sleeve is The upper end of the collar 33 provided on the outer periphery of the lower end of the hollow column 11 is also inserted into the circular hole 23.
  • the bottom end of the valve stem 323 has a valve tail 325.
  • the outer sidewall of the valve tail 325 is attached to the inner wall of the sleeve 33, and is disposed on the outer sidewall of the valve tail 325.
  • the oil passage 322 that communicates with the above-mentioned sleeve 33 is connected.
  • the bottom end of the sleeve 33 is fixedly connected with a connecting pipe 7, the spring 35 is disposed inside the connecting pipe 7, and the opening of the connecting pipe 7 is sealed with the valve tail 325 and the sleeve 33, so that the valve is passed through the valve.
  • the oil passage 322 on the tail 325 connects the connecting pipe 7 with the sleeve 33.
  • the sleeve 33 and the connecting pipe 7 may be connected in other manners.
  • the bottom end of the connecting pipe 7 is sealed and connected with a hollow corrugated elastic pipe 8.
  • the passage serves as an oil passage for the oil passage of the steering motor brake and the oil passage for the steering motor to lift the oil.
  • each group of cylinder assemblies 5 are disposed in the steering motor, and each group of cylinder assemblies 5 are disposed under the oil separation disc 2, and the upper ends of the respective cylinder assemblies 5 are in contact with the lower surface of the oil separation tray 2.
  • each of the elastic oil bladders 52 of each group of cylinder assemblies 5 communicates with the above-mentioned cavity 6 through respective corresponding orifices 22.
  • each group of cylinder assemblies 5 are circumferentially arranged inside the steering motor, of course, in other implementations.
  • the number of cylinder assemblies 5 can be determined on a case-by-case basis, and each set of cylinder assemblies 5 can also be distributed in other forms.
  • the spring damper valve 1 has a butterfly shape.
  • the structure of the oil separation plate 2 matches the structure of the spring damper valve 1, and the two covers are combined to form a sealed connection by a fastener.
  • the spring damper valve 1 and the oil slinger 2 described above may also be of other forms depending on the specific situation and actual needs.
  • the inside of the conventional steering motor often places the oil pipeline and the cable into the accommodating groove by opening the accommodating groove, but when the steering motor is working, the oil pipeline and the cable are accommodating grooves due to the continuous rotation.
  • the wall of the groove is rubbed and is easily worn.
  • each oil pipeline and cable are suspended, so that when the steering motor is working, the oil pipeline and the cable will reciprocate. Thereby avoiding the phenomenon of damage due to friction and saving costs.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)
  • Power Steering Mechanism (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
  • Actuator (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Motors (AREA)

Abstract

一种转向电机，其包括弹簧减震阀，以及与弹簧减震阀盖合形成型腔的分油盘，型腔内设有缓冲组件；分油盘下侧还设有油缸组件，其包括油缸和设于油缸内的弹性油囊，以及于油缸内并与弹性油囊固定连接的活塞，该活塞可沿油缸轴向滑动；并且，分油盘中还设有过油通道，弹簧减震阀伸出具有内腔的中空柱，中空柱的腔内插设具有阀芯的换向阀，中空柱上还设有与过油通道连通的过油口，该过油口上开设有与其连通的进油槽，且阀芯伸入中空柱内与过油口和进油槽配合。该转向电机采用了油道组合设计，简化了结构，另外采用弹性油囊，减小了减震机构的摩擦磨损，从而延长了转向电机的使用寿命，节约了成本。

Description

一种转向电机 技术领域
本发明涉及电动机结构的技术领域，尤其涉及一种转向电机。
 背景技术
随着汽车工业的不断发展，汽车的转向系统也得到飞速进步，而电动助力转向系统则是汽车转向系统的发展方向。该系统由转向电机直接提供转向助力，省去了传统液压动力转向系统中所必需的一些部件，既节省能量，又保护了环境；另外，该系统还具有调整简单、装配灵活以及在多种状况下都能提供转向助力的特点。
驾驶员在操纵方向盘进行转向时，转矩传感器检测到转向盘的转向以及转矩的大小，将电压信号输送到电子控制单元，电子控制单元根据转矩传感器检测到的转矩电压信号、转动方向和车速信号等，向转向电机控制器发出指令，使转向电机输出相应大小和方向的转向助力转矩，从而产生辅助动力；当汽车不转向时，电子控制单元不向电动机控制器发出指令，电动机不工作。
当汽车行驶在不良路况上时，汽车整体带动转向电机不断震动，为了克服不良路况对转向电机产生震动的不良影响，从而在转向电机内部设置了减震系统，而传统的减震系统中通常采用了碳刷和集电环，在转向电机受到震动时，减震系统就开始工作而不断地缓冲震动，这样导致碳刷和集电环不断地被摩擦，从而因摩擦而导致磨损破坏，并且，其对温度也比较敏感，容易因温差变化而受到损坏，严重影响了转向电机的稳定性和寿命。
另外，目前的转向电机内往往设有各种油道，比如用于减震供油的油道、用于刹车供油的油道、用于举升供油的油道等等，但这些油道都是采用单独设计并分开装配，使各个油道之间彼此分隔，这样导致油道占用了转向电机过多的空间，使转向电动机结构复杂化，这样既浪费资源，又增加了生产成本。
 技术问题
本发明的目的在于提供一种转向电机，旨在解决现有技术中，转向电机存在的如下缺陷：
1）转向电机内部各个油道采用单独设计而占用较大的内部空间，使转向电机结构复杂化，且体积增大，进而造成资源浪费、生产成本增加；
2）另外，转向电机内部的油缸组件中，部分元件因不断摩擦而导致结构磨损破坏，以及因温差变化导致结构损坏，从而影响转向电机的稳定性和寿命。
 技术解决方案
本发明提供的技术方案是，一种转向电机，其包括弹簧减震阀和分油盘，所述分油盘置于所述弹簧减震阀的下方，且与所述弹簧减震阀之间盖合形成型腔，所述型腔内设置有缓冲组件；
所述分油盘的下方固设有油缸组件，所述油缸组件包括两端开口的油缸，设于所述油缸中且上端具有开口的弹性油囊，所述弹性油囊的上端与所述油缸内壁固定连接，且连通所述型腔，所述油缸内还设有沿所述油缸轴向滑动的活塞，所述活塞连接于所述弹性油囊下端；
所述分油盘中设有沿径向布置且与所述型腔连通的过油通道，所述弹簧减震阀的下端朝外延伸有沿轴向布置的中空柱，所述中空柱中具有内腔，所述中空柱的侧壁中开设有连通所述过油通道的过油口，所述过油口的内侧边缘开设有与其连通的进油槽；
所述中空柱的下端插设有换向阀，所述换向阀包括可于所述中空柱内沿轴向移动的阀芯，所述阀芯具有阀杆以及设于阀杆上端的阀头，所述阀头的外侧壁贴设于所述内腔的内壁上，其上环设有用于与所述过油口连通的环槽，所述阀杆与所述内腔的内壁之间具有间隙，且所述阀头的下端与所述阀杆之间形成内陷且用于使所述内腔与所述过油口连通的台阶。
优选地，所述缓冲组件包括依序层叠设置于所述型腔内的弹性体、隔环和弹性隔膜，且所述弹性隔膜的边缘与所述型腔内壁紧固形成封闭。
进一步地，所述分油盘的下端中设有阻尼孔，所述阻尼孔正对于所述弹性油囊的上端布置，且分别连通所述型腔及所述弹性油囊。
更进一步地，所述阻尼孔的孔径小于所述弹性油囊上端开口的口径。
优选地，所述换向阀还包括置于所述中空柱顶部外侧的磁钢，与所述阀杆底端固定连接的弹簧，套设于所述中空柱外周的套柱，以及套设于所述套柱外周的绕组线圈。
优选地，所述阀杆的底端具有阀尾，所述阀尾的外侧壁贴设于所述套柱的内壁上，且所述阀尾上开设有连通所述套柱的过油槽。
进一步地，所述套柱底端固定连接有连接管，所述弹簧置于所述连接管内，且所述连接管通过所述过油槽与所述套柱连通。
优选地，所述连接管的底端连通有波纹弹性管。
优选地，所述转向电机包括多个所述油缸组件，各所述油缸组件均置于所述分油盘下方，且于所述转向电机内呈圆周布置。
进一步地，所述弹簧减震阀呈蝶形状，所述分油盘通过紧固件与所述弹簧减震阀盖合密封。
 有益效果
与现有技术相比，本发明提供的转向电机，采用了油道组合设计，从而简化了电机结构，另外还采用了弹性油囊，减小了减震机构的摩擦磨损，延长了转向电机的使用寿命，节约了成本。
 附图说明
图1为本发明实施例提供的转向电机的剖面示意图；
图2为图1的局部放大示意图；
图3为图2中A部分的放大示意图；
图4为图2中B部分的放大示意图；
图5为图2中C-C剖切方向的剖切示意图；
图6为本发明实施例提供的转向电机中弹簧减震阀和分油盘装配的剖面示意图。
 本发明的实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
以下结合具体实施例对本发明的实现进行详细的描述。
如图1~6所示，为本发明提供的一个较佳实施例。
本实施例提供了一种转向电机，其包括：弹簧减震阀1和分油盘2，其中，分油盘2设置在弹簧减震阀1的下方，且弹簧减震阀1与分油盘2盖合形成了密闭的型腔6，该型腔6内设置有与油液配合用于缓冲震动的缓冲组件4；
在分油盘2的上端，沿其径向设有一端开口的过油通道21，该过油通道21与型腔6连通；弹簧减震阀1的下端朝外延伸有沿其轴向布置的中空柱11，该中空柱11中具有内腔且其外端设置开口，并且，中空柱11的侧壁上还开设有贯通的过油口12，该过油口12与过油通道21连通，在过油口12的内侧边缘开设有与其连通的进油槽13；
在中空柱11的下端插设有换向阀3，该换向阀3包括阀芯32，该阀芯32可以在中空柱11的内腔中沿其轴向移动，此处，阀芯32包括阀杆323和设置在阀杆323上端的阀头324，该阀头324的外侧壁贴设在中空柱11内腔的内壁上，阀头324上环设有与过油通道21连通的环槽321，阀杆323与中空柱11内腔的内壁之间具有间隙，并且，阀头324的下端与阀杆323之间形成内陷的台阶，该台阶用于使进油槽13、过油口12与中空柱11的内腔连通。
如上所述，过油通道21与过油口12以及型腔6连通构成了一条油道，该油道用于转向电机液压减震系统供油；过油通道21与过油口12、进油槽13以及中空柱11的内腔连通构成了另一条油道，此油道用于转向电机的刹车供油和举升供油；通过换向阀3的阀芯32在中空柱11的内腔中上下移动，并与过油口12和进油槽13配合，实现了上述两条油道互不干扰的切换。
在分油盘2的下方固定设置有油缸组件5，该油缸组件5包括油缸51、弹性油囊52和活塞53，油缸51的两端具有开口，油缸51的上端开口与分油盘2的下表面抵接，弹性油囊52和活塞53均设置在该油缸51中，弹性油囊52为上端开口的囊状弹性隔膜，且弹性油囊52上端开口的边缘与油缸51上端开口的内壁固定连接，从而形成对油缸51上端开口的密封，并且，弹性油囊52上端的开口与型腔6连通，另外，活塞53固定连接于弹性油囊52的下端，且该活塞53在油缸51中，可以沿油缸51的内腔轴向滑动。
当转向电机发生震动时，活塞53会随着转向电机的震动而在油缸51内上下滑动，通过其滑动而牵引弹性油囊52拉伸或者压缩，当弹性油囊52被压缩时，弹性油囊52内的油液会被挤压而流动到型腔6内，接着油液压缩缓冲组件4而导致其发生弹性形变，进而实现缓冲震动，当弹性油囊52被拉伸时，型腔6内的油液会回流至弹性油囊52中，缓冲组件4恢复形变。
采用上述的转向电机，具有如下特点：
1）通过弹簧减震阀1与分油盘2盖合而形成了密封的型腔6，该型腔6连通过油通道21，在分油盘2下方伸出设有过油口12的中空柱11，中空柱11通过过油口12与过油通道21连通，并在中空柱11的内腔中插设换向阀3；通过阀芯32在中空柱11的内腔中的移动，使过油通道21分成互不干扰的两个分支油道，该设计缩小了两条油道所占用的空间，简化了转向电机的结构，节约了资源，节省了成本；
2）通过弹簧减震阀1与分油盘2盖合而形成了密封的型腔6，在该型腔6内设置了缓冲组件4，在分油盘2下方设置了与型腔6对接的油缸组件5，且油缸组件5中的弹性油囊52与型腔6密封连通，弹性油囊42克服了传统液压减震机构的油缸组件5中部件易磨损，且对温度敏感的缺陷，延长了转向电机的使用寿命，也节约了成本。
本实施例中，设置上述缓冲组件4的目的是，通过其弹性形变而实现缓冲减震，该缓冲组件4包括弹性体41、隔环42和弹性隔膜43，其中，弹性体41、隔环42和弹性隔膜43自上而下依序层叠设置在上述型腔6内，并且，弹性隔膜43的边缘与型腔6的内壁固定连接且形成密封，这样，弹性体41和隔环42就被弹性隔膜43密封在型腔6内壁与弹性隔膜43形成的腔室内，此处，弹性体41和隔环42可以在在该腔室内活动，当然，在其他实施例中，根据实际情况和需要，缓冲组件4中各个组件也可以采用其他的顺序设置，而且缓冲组件4还可以为其他形式的缓冲结构。
上述分油盘2的底面上开设有阻尼孔22，该阻尼孔22正对于上述弹性油囊52上端的开口设置，这样，弹性油囊52通过该阻尼孔22与上述型腔6构成连通，当然，在其他实施例中，弹性油囊52也可以通过其他的方式与上述型腔6密封连通，比如管道连通，或者通道连通等等。
并且，上述阻尼孔22的孔径小于弹性油囊52上端开口的口径，这样，当弹性油囊52受到上述活塞53压迫时，其内的油液被挤压而通过阻尼孔22进入上述型腔6内，该阻尼孔22也就起到了阻尼缓冲的作用，当然，这只是缓冲的一种形式，在其他实施例中，根据实际情况，也可以采用其他的缓冲形式。
本实施例中，上述的换向阀3采用的是电磁换向阀，该换向阀3还包括磁钢31、套柱33、绕组线圈34以及弹簧35；具体地，磁钢31固定设置在上述中空柱11顶部外侧，套柱33套设在中空柱11底端的外周，绕组线圈34套设在该套柱33的外周，弹簧35与上述阀芯32的阀杆323底端固定连接，当然，在其他实施例中，根据实际情况和需要，也可以采用其他类型的换向阀。
初始状态下，上述阀芯32被磁钢31所吸附，阀头324外壁上的环槽321与中空柱11上的过油口12错开，过油口12被阀头324的外壁所封堵，此时，进油槽13通过过油口12与过油通道21的连通，即，过油通道21与中空柱11的内腔形成的油道构成通路，且过油通道21与上述型腔6以及弹性油囊52形成的油道被阻断；当绕组线圈34通电时，阀芯32整体下移，阀杆323压缩弹簧35，阀头324外壁上的环槽321与过油口12对准连通，而进油槽13则被阀头324下端的外壁所封堵，这样，过油通道21与型腔6以及弹性油囊52形成的油道构成通路，同时，过油通道21与中空柱11的内腔形成的油道被阻断；就这样，通过换向阀3的换向切换作用实现了两条路道的切换，且互不干扰。
上述分油盘2的中心开设有圆孔23，上述弹簧减震阀1与分油盘2盖合时，弹簧减震阀1中心处的中空柱11插入圆孔23内形成配合，并且，套设于中空柱11下端外周的套柱33的上端也插入圆孔23中。
参照图4，本实施例中，上述阀杆323的底端具有阀尾325，该阀尾325的外侧壁贴设在上述套柱33的内壁上，在该阀尾325的外侧壁上开设有连通上述套柱33的过油槽322。
具体地，上述套柱33底端固定连接有连接管7，上述弹簧35设置在该连接管7内部，并且，该连接管7的开口与上述阀尾325以及套柱33密封，这样，通过阀尾325上的过油槽322，使连接管7与套柱33构成连通，当然，在其他实施例中，套柱33和连接管7也可以采用其他方式连通。
本实施例中，上述连接管7的底端密封连通有中空的波纹弹性管8，如这样，过油通道21与中空柱11、套柱33、连接管7以及波纹弹性管8构成通路，由该通路作为转向电机刹车供油的油道和转向电机举升供油的油道。
本实施例中，转向电机内设置了多组油缸组件5，各组油缸组件5全部设置在上述分油盘2的下方，各组油缸组件5的上端均与分油盘2的下表面抵接，自然地，各组油缸组件5中的各个弹性油囊52通过各个对应的阻尼孔22与上述型腔6连通，另外，各组油缸组件5呈圆周布置于转向电机内部，当然，在其他实施例中，油缸组件5的数量可以根据具体情况而确定，并且，各组油缸组件5也可以呈其他形式分布。
本实施例中，上述弹簧减震阀1呈蝶形状，自然地，上述分油盘2的结构与弹簧减震阀1的结构相匹配对应，两者盖合并通过紧固件实现密封连接，当然，在其他实施例中，根据具体情况和实际需要，上述弹簧减震阀1和上述分油盘2也可以为其他形式的结构。
另外，传统的转向电机内部往往通过开设容置槽，将输油管道和线缆置入该容置槽中，但在转向电机工作时，输油管道和线缆会由于不断的回转而与容置槽槽壁发生摩擦，极易被磨损；而本实施例提供的转向电机内部，将各个输油管道和线缆采用悬挂式设置，这样，在转向电机工作时，输油管道和线缆会往复式摆动，从而避免了因摩擦而损坏的现象，节约了成本。
上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种转向电机，其特征在于，包括弹簧减震阀和分油盘，所述分油盘置于所述弹簧减震阀的下方，且与所述弹簧减震阀之间盖合形成型腔，所述型腔内设置有缓冲组件；
    所述分油盘的下方固设有油缸组件，所述油缸组件包括两端开口的油缸，设于所述油缸中且上端具有开口的弹性油囊，所述弹性油囊的上端与所述油缸内壁固定连接，且连通所述型腔，所述油缸内还设有沿所述油缸轴向滑动的活塞，所述活塞连接于所述弹性油囊下端；
    所述分油盘中设有沿径向布置且与所述型腔连通的过油通道，所述弹簧减震阀的下端朝外延伸有沿轴向布置的中空柱，所述中空柱中具有内腔，所述中空柱的侧壁中开设有连通所述过油通道的过油口，所述过油口的内侧边缘开设有与其连通的进油槽；
    所述中空柱的下端插设有换向阀，所述换向阀包括可于所述中空柱内沿轴向移动的阀芯，所述阀芯具有阀杆以及设于阀杆上端的阀头，所述阀头的外侧壁贴设于所述内腔的内壁上，其上环设有用于与所述过油口连通的环槽，所述阀杆与所述内腔的内壁之间具有间隙，且所述阀头的下端与所述阀杆之间形成内陷且用于使所述内腔与所述过油口连通的台阶。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的转向电机，其特征在于，所述缓冲组件包括依序层叠设置于所述型腔内的弹性体、隔环和弹性隔膜，且所述弹性隔膜的边缘与所述型腔内壁紧固形成封闭。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的转向电机，其特征在于，所述分油盘的下端中设有阻尼孔，所述阻尼孔正对于所述弹性油囊的上端布置，且分别连通所述型腔及所述弹性油囊。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的转向电机，其特征在于，所述阻尼孔的孔径小于所述弹性油囊上端开口的口径。
  5. 如权利要求1~4任一项所述的转向电机，其特征在于，所述换向阀还包括置于所述中空柱顶部外侧的磁钢，与所述阀杆底端固定连接的弹簧，套设于所述中空柱外周的套柱，以及套设于所述套柱外周的绕组线圈。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的转向电机，其特征在于，所述阀杆的底端具有阀尾，所述阀尾的外侧壁贴设于所述套柱的内壁上，且所述阀尾上开设有连通所述套柱的过油槽。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的转向电机，其特征在于，所述套柱底端固定连接有连接管，所述弹簧置于所述连接管内，且所述连接管通过所述过油槽与所述套柱连通。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的转向电机，其特征在于，所述连接管的底端连通有波纹弹性管。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的转向电机，其特征在于，所述转向电机包括多个所述油缸组件，各所述油缸组件均置于所述分油盘下方，且于所述转向电机内呈圆周布置。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的转向电机，其特征在于，所述弹簧减震阀呈蝶形状，所述分油盘通过紧固件与所述弹簧减震阀盖合密封。
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