Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
  • G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
  • G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
  • G03F7/70058—Mask illumination systems
  • G03F7/702—Reflective illumination, i.e. reflective optical elements other than folding mirrors, e.g. extreme ultraviolet [EUV] illumination systems
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
  • G02B26/08—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
  • G02B26/0816—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light by means of one or more reflecting elements
  • G02B26/0833—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light by means of one or more reflecting elements the reflecting element being a micromechanical device, e.g. a MEMS mirror, DMD
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
  • G02B5/08—Mirrors
  • G02B5/0816—Multilayer mirrors, i.e. having two or more reflecting layers
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
  • G02B5/08—Mirrors
  • G02B5/0891—Ultraviolet [UV] mirrors
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
  • G02B5/08—Mirrors
  • G02B5/09—Multifaceted or polygonal mirrors, e.g. polygonal scanning mirrors; Fresnel mirrors
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
  • G02B5/08—Mirrors
  • G02B5/10—Mirrors with curved faces
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
  • G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
  • G21K1/00—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating
  • G21K1/06—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diffraction, refraction or reflection, e.g. monochromators
  • G21K1/062—Devices having a multilayer structure
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
  • G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
  • G21K2201/00—Arrangements for handling radiation or particles
  • G21K2201/06—Arrangements for handling radiation or particles using diffractive, refractive or reflecting elements
  • G21K2201/064—Arrangements for handling radiation or particles using diffractive, refractive or reflecting elements having a curved surface

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for producing a mirror element, in particular for a microlithographic projection exposure apparatus.
• Microlithography is used to fabricate microstructured devices such as integrated circuits or LCDs.
• the microlithography process is carried out in a so-called projection exposure apparatus which has an illumination device and a projection objective.
• projection lenses designed for the EUV range ie at wavelengths of, for example, about 13 nm or about 7 nm, are suitable for lack of availability translucent refractive materials mirrors used as optical components for the imaging process.
• facet mirrors in the form of field facet mirrors and pupil facet mirrors as bundle-guiding components in the illumination device of a microlithographic projection exposure apparatus designed for operation in the EUV is possible.
• Such facet mirrors are constructed from a multiplicity of individual mirrors or mirror facets, which in each case can be designed to be tiltable via solid-state joints for the purpose of adjusting or also for realizing certain illumination angle distributions.
• These mirror facets may in turn comprise a plurality of micromirrors.
• a lighting device of a microlithographic projection exposure apparatus designed for operation at wavelengths in the VUV range for setting defined illumination settings (i.e., intensity distributions in a pupil plane of the illumination device)
• defined illumination settings i.e., intensity distributions in a pupil plane of the illumination device
• mirror arrangements e.g. from WO 2005/026843 A2, which comprise a plurality of independently adjustable mirror elements.
• a problem encountered in practice is that in the manufacture of such a mirror assembly, e.g. a field facet mirror of a designed for operation in EUV lighting device, mechanical stresses during the coating process (ie during the application of a layer stack including a reflective layer system on the mirror substrate) are generated, which lead to deformation of the substrate and a concomitant impairment of the optical imaging properties can.
• mechanical stresses during the coating process ie during the application of a layer stack including a reflective layer system on the mirror substrate
• An inventive method for producing a mirror element, in particular for a microlithographic projection exposure apparatus comprises the following steps:
• this layer stack comprises at least one reflective layer system; wherein the formation of the layer stack takes place such that a desired curvature of the mirror element desired for a predetermined operating temperature is generated by a bending force exerted by the layer stack, the substrate having a curvature deviating from this desired curvature of the mirror element before the layer stack is formed, and wherein the bending force exerted by the layer stack is generated at least in part by carrying out an after-treatment for changing the layer tension of the layer stack.
• the invention is based on the concept of eliminating the mechanical stress generated during production of a mirror element during the application of a layer stack including a reflective layer system to a substrate, not by an additional compensation layer (or a compensation layer system counteracting this mechanical tension), but rather to use the generated during the application of the layer stack including the reflective layer system on the substrate stress and thereby exerted by the layer stack on the substrate bending force targeted to produce a desired desired curvature of the mirror element - and thus a desired finite refractive power of the mirror element ,
• the substrate before the formation of the layer stack, the substrate has a curvature deviating from the desired desired curvature of the mirror element.
• the invention includes a deliberate departure from conventional approaches, in which the substrate is initially configured by suitable processing steps (eg, by forming aspheres, fine corrections, etc.) according to the desired "final specification" of the mirror element, and then at the application of the
• Layer stack including the reflective layer system is ensured that the relevant, already deliberately given mirror substrate form is maintained by using stress-compensating layer (s).
• the present invention includes the principle, in the manufacture of a mirror element from a shape or geometry of the substrate prior to application of the reflective layer system-containing layer stack, which does not yet correspond to the final desired for the finished mirror element curvature, in order then using the upon application of the layer stack including the reflective layer system, mechanical stress deliberately deforms the substrate.
• the ultimately resulting radius of curvature of the substrate and thus the refractive power of the finished mirror element is thus as a result of the original shape or geometry (including the thickness) of the substrate as well as the parameters set in the application of the layer stack including the reflective layer system (if necessary, as hereinafter explained with additional use of a post-treatment) achieved.
• an irreversible change in the curvature is caused by the bending force exerted by the layer stack, in particular by the aftertreatment for changing the layer tension of the layer stack.
• the aftertreatment for changing the layer tension of the layer stack may in particular be a thermal aftertreatment, e.g. by heat irradiation, laser irradiation or tempering, (the aftertreatment takes place before the operation of the optical system or the projection exposure apparatus, that is, during the production of the relevant mirror element).
• the post-treatment may alternatively or additionally comprise ion irradiation or electron irradiation.
• the post-treatment may further be localized to one or more portions of the layer stack (which in their entirety are smaller than the entire area of the layer stack), e.g. Corner or edge areas of a mirror element in a different way than the remaining area of the respective mirror element nachzubeteln.
• the substrate has a locally varying rigidity which is selected so that after the formation of the layer stack desired for the predetermined operating temperature target curvature of the mirror element is achieved.
• the invention further relates to a method for producing a mirror element, the method comprising the following steps:
• a layer stack on the substrate comprises at least one reflective layer system; - wherein the substrate is subjected to a rigidity influencing processing prior to forming the layer stack, wherein in this processing, the stiffness is adjusted such that after forming the layer stack a desired for a predetermined operating temperature desired curvature of the mirror element is achieved.
• the invention includes the further concept of selectively influencing the rigidity of the substrate by suitable processing such that after application of the layer stack including the reflective layer system, the ultimately achieved surface geometry meets the requirements, ie the desired nominal curvature of the mirror element is achieved.
• the substrate reacts in a desired manner to the bending force exerted by the layer stack as a result of the specifically set stiffness.
• This may also take account of the fact that e.g. an optionally desired locally varying bending of the substrate, which as a rule can not or only with difficulty be achieved by a local variation of the bending force caused by the layer stack, can also be brought about according to the invention by the targeted influence of the stiffness of the substrate.
• the rigidity is at least partially caused by a varying thickness profile of the substrate.
• suitable material-removing or material-adding methods can be used.
• the material removal can e.g. by etching or by ion beam forming (IBF), or any other suitable material removal method, such as sputtering, electron beam deposition, or any other material application method
• the substrate is made of a first material, wherein the rigidity is at least partially brought about by doping with impurities of a second material different from the first material
• ion implantation is possible
• Such doped or implanted foreign atoms or ions can be, for example, oxygen, nitrogen Be fluorine or hydrogen atoms or ions.
• a targeted, locally induced chemical change for example by oxidizing or nitriding the substrate material, for example a chemical conversion of silicon as substrate material to silicon dioxide (S1O 2 ) or silicon nitride (Si 3N), which has been deliberately enhanced in the surface region, or even a laser treatment .
• a change in the morphology eg phase or crystal orientation
• the rigidity is at least partially brought about by a structure or layer influencing the rigidity, which in particular is arranged on the side of the substrate opposite to the layer stack can be.
• a structure may, for example, comprise additional lamellae on the side of the substrate facing away from the reflection layer stack ("substrate rear side") or else an additional layer influencing the rigidity
• remaining gaps may be replenished, for example between lamellae with another material, or with the same material with different orientation, density, etc., in order, for example, to achieve a homogenous or reflection-like stack. to achieve smooth surface.
• the substrate is flat or convexly curved before forming the layer stack.
• the layer stack has an additional stress-inducing layer between the reflective layer system and the substrate.
• Such an additional stress-inducing layer may be used as a layer of a metallic material such as nickel, titanium, etc. or also e.g. as a (further) molybdenum-silicon stack with a high ⁇ value of e.g. more than 0.5 (wherein the ⁇ value as defined below, the ratio of absorber layer thickness to the total thickness of a period of the layer stack concerned indicates) and be designed specifically so that in the result the desired mechanical stress is generated in the layer system.
• the invention is not limited thereto, so that optionally the desired mechanical stress in the layer system alone by the appropriate embodiment of
• Reflection layer system can be generated.
• the curvature exhibited by the substrate or mirror element is temperature-dependent, wherein a curvature that is concave at a predetermined temperature may, for example, change into a convex curvature with increasing temperature.
• the curvature or refractive power of the finished mirror element produced by means of the method according to the invention is produced taking this temperature dependence into account, that the desired (eg concave) curvature results just at the given operating temperature.
• the desired desired curvature of the mirror element is a concave curvature.
• the o.g. Steps produced a plurality of mirror elements, wherein at least two of these mirror elements in the desired curvature differ from each other.
• the production of the mirror elements with mutually different desired curvature takes place in that a layer stack is applied to substrates of different thickness by setting the same bending force exerted by the respective layer stack.
• the mirror elements are produced with mutually different desired curvatures by applying in each case a layer stack to substrates of the same thickness while setting different bending forces exerted by the respective layer stack.
• the mirror element is a mirror element of a mirror arrangement composed of a plurality of mirror elements. These mirror elements can in particular be tilted independently of each other.
• the mirror arrangement is a facet mirror, in particular a field facet mirror or a pupil facet mirror.
• the mirror element is designed for an operating wavelength of less than 30 nm, in particular less than 15 nm.
• the invention is not limited thereto, so that in other applications, the mirror element for a wavelength in the VUV range, in particular a Wavelength of less than 200nm, can be designed.
• the mirror element is a mirror element of a microlithographic projection exposure apparatus.
• the invention is not limited thereto, but also e.g. in measurement structures, which may be designed in particular for operation in the EUV, feasible.
• a subsequent regulation of the curvature of the relevant mirror element or the mirror elements can be carried out by adjusting the temperature of the respective mirror element.
• the curvature or refractive power of the individual mirror elements can be adjusted by (in particular inhomogeneous) heating of the respective mirror element (or the mirror elements of the mirror arrangement) in that the curvature of the respective mirror element varies according to the operating temperature present in the corresponding position.
• a readjustment of the curvature or refractive power of the individual mirror elements can take place in that the temperature of the respective mirror elements or micromirrors is predetermined and set or regulated.
• a fine adjustment By means of the above-described inventive design of the reflection layer stack, taking advantage of the bending force, first a coarse adjustment of the curvature or refractive power and, via the last-mentioned temperature setting, a fine adjustment (“fine tuning”) are carried out.
• the invention further relates to a mirror element which is produced by a method according to the invention.
• the invention further relates to a mirror element, in particular for a microlithographic projection exposure apparatus, having a substrate and a layer stack arranged on the substrate, this layer stack having at least one reflection layer system, the substrate having a locally variable having stiffness due to a stiffness affecting structure, layer or doping, or due to a region of altered chemical structure or morphology.
• the structure or layer may in particular be arranged on the side of the substrate ("substrate rear side") facing away from the layer stack and comprise eg additional lamellae or else an additional layer influencing the stiffness
• Substrate front side or the reflection layer stack facing side of the substrate may be arranged.
• the invention further relates to an optical system of a microlithographic projection exposure apparatus, in particular an illumination device or a projection objective, and to a microlithographic projection exposure apparatus.
• Figure 1 -5 are schematic representations for explaining possible embodiments of a method according to the invention.
• FIGS. 6-7 are schematic illustrations for explaining the possible structure of a microlithographic projection exposure apparatus designed for operation in the EUV; and Figure 8-10 are schematic representations to illustrate other possible embodiments of the invention.
• the mirror elements produced may be (but are not limited to) e.g. act mirror elements or micromirrors of a mirror assembly in the form of a field facet mirror, wherein the individual mirror elements may have identical or different from each other curvature or refractive power.
• one layer stack which has a reflection layer system (for example as a multilayer system of molybdenum and silicon layers) is applied to a substrate.
• the mirror substrate material may be, for example silicon (Si) or titanium dioxide (TiO 2) - act doped quartz glass, wherein by way of example under the brand names ULE ® (manufactured by Corning Inc.) or Zerodur ® (manufactured by Schott AG) materials sold are usable.
• the mirror substrate material may also include germanium (Ge), diamond, gallium arsenide (GaAs), gallium nitride (GaN), gallium antimonide (GaSb), gallium phosphide (GaP), Al2O3, indium phosphide (InP), indium arsenide (InAs), indium antimonide ( InSb), calcium fluoride (CaF 2 ), zinc oxide (ZnO) or silicon carbide (SiC).
• germanium germanium
• diamond gallium arsenide
• GaN gallium nitride
• GaSb gallium antimonide
• GaP gallium phosphide
• Al2O3 indium phosphide
• InP indium arsenide
• InAs indium antimonide
• InSb calcium fluoride
• ZnO zinc oxide
• SiC silicon carbide
• the setting of the mechanical stress during formation of the respective layer stack takes place according to the invention in a manner known per se by setting materials and thickness ratios (eg the ratio of absorber layer thickness to total thickness of a period, this thickness ratio also being designated as)) in the desired manner, in particular in the reflective layer system become.
• the procedure for setting a mechanical stress is known to the person skilled in the art, e.g. known from DE 10 2008 042 212 A1.
• the setting of the mechanical stress when applying the respective layer stack can also be effected by oxygen doping or addition of oxygen during coating, as is known to the person skilled in the art from DE 10 201 1 003 357 A1.
• the original curvature of the substrate in the pre-coating state may either be zero (ie, the substrate is flat prior to coating), or the original curvature may be a finite curvature (eg, a final desired curvature of the finished mirror element) convex curvature).
• FIGS. 1-5 differ in the way in which the different mirror elements (eg a mirror arrangement such as a field facet mirror), depending on the initial shape or original curvature of the substrate in the state before the coating, setting of the coating parameters with respect to be made to the generated mechanical stress and optionally (eg thermal) treatment with identical or different curvature.
• 1 a for example, a plurality of mirror elements of the same curvature or refractive power can be produced by plane (mirror) substrates 101, 102,...
• Each having a layer stack 1 1 1, 1 12 comprising a reflective layer system in the initial state. are coated with setting of respectively identical coating parameters, during which coating the generated mechanical stress and the resulting bending force on the respective substrate 101, 102,... are selected such that in the respective finished mirror element the desired ( sets each identical) curvature for the individual mirror elements.
• the respective substrates 103, 104,... Can also have a finite curvature in the initial state (before the coating), which does not yet correspond to the curvature ultimately desired, this substrate curvature then being determined by the mechanical properties generated by the application of the layer stack Voltage or applied bending force is changed.
• a convex curvature of the substrates 103, 104,... Is brought to zero in the initial state before the coating, that is, ultimately produces a planar geometry of the finished mirror elements.
• Figs. 2 and 3 serve to illustrate other possible embodiments for the fabrication of a micromirror device, e.g.
• FIG. 2 in the form of a field facet mirror, in which individual mirror elements are intended to have different curvatures or different refractive powers.
• FIG. 3 analogous or substantially functionally identical components are designated in FIG. 2 with reference numerals increased by "100" and in FIG. 3 with reference numerals increased by "200".
• planar substrates 201, 202,... which, however, have different thicknesses from one another, each having one
• the generation of different curvatures in the finally produced mirror elements occurs to some extent inversely to FIG. 2 in that (in the example again planar) substrates 301, 302,... Equal thickness with layer stacks 31 1, 312,. be coated to produce different mechanical stresses or bending forces.
• the setting of a higher layer stress results in a greater curvature in the finally produced mirror element.
• a higher layer tension can lead to a comparatively smaller curvature even in the final state.
• mirror elements with mutually different curvature can also be produced in that individual substrates with the same thickness and geometry of a coating (ie application of the layer stack including the reflective layer system) with identical parameters (with generation of the same mechanical stress), but then a subsequent (in particular thermal) aftertreatment is carried out, by means of which the mechanical stress generated in each case in the layer stacks of the individual mirror elements is subsequently changed.
• a post treatment may e.g. annealing in an oven (setting a defined atmosphere), thermal aftertreatment using a radiant heater, or post-treatment under laser irradiation, ion irradiation, or electron beam irradiation (as well as combinations of these methods). If necessary, suitable cooling can be carried out from the back of the mirror.
• a subsequent (in particular thermal) aftertreatment is carried out, by means of which the mechanical stress generated in each case in the layer stacks of the individual mirror elements is subsequently changed.
• Such a post treatment may e.g. annealing in an oven (setting a defined atmosphere
• Areas of a mirror element is, in particular, the laser irradiation (optionally using a mask which only exposes the areas to be aftertreated, such as, for example, corners of the mirror element). suitable.
• corner or edge regions of a mirror element can be aftertreated or deformed in a manner different from the remaining region of the relevant mirror element.
• the aftertreatment described above can be carried out either individually for all mirror elements produced in an identical manner, for individual mirror elements (or even larger units of a plurality of mirror elements in the form of mirror arrays) individually or else as locally described above individual mirror elements.
• FIG. 4 shows, for the purpose of illustrating this principle, how an initially uniform or identical coating of substrates 401, 402,..., Each with a layer stack 41 1, 412, ..., initially leads to an identical curvature (middle part of FIG. 4) ), but then leads by way of different post-treatments to different curvature or refractive power of each manufactured mirror elements.
• the aftertreatment described above can also be used to produce an undesired (eg inhomogeneous or, for a majority of) particles which are initially produced on the substrate after formation of the layer stack including the reflective layer system or even before coating of substrates 501, 502, ... varying) curvature, such as can result from process fluctuations in the individual coating processes, to "homogenize” with the result that the finally produced mirror elements have the same curvature or refractive power.
• an undesired eg inhomogeneous or, for a majority of particles which are initially produced on the substrate after formation of the layer stack including the reflective layer system or even before coating of substrates 501, 502, ... varying
• curvature such as can result from process fluctuations in the individual coating processes
• the mirror element in question may in particular be a mirror element of a micromirror arrangement, eg a field facet mirror, act.
• FIGS. 9 a and 9 b show in the reverse direction not (Fig. 9a) or cross section (Fig. 9b) by way of example only, another embodiment of a substrate 901 with continuous in the radial direction
• a continuous thickness variation according to FIG. 9b can also be combined with the embodiment of FIG. 8a (ie the corresponding geometry of the respective regions in rear view), or the thickness variation according to FIG. 8b with the configuration according to FIG. ie the corresponding geometry of the respective areas in rear view), etc.
• FIGS. 10a and 10b likewise show further embodiments by way of example only, wherein in FIG. 10a a substrate 951 has been thinned in different areas in circular regions 951a (again for the production of regions 951a or
• the invention is not limited to a material-removing or material-adding processing of the substrate with regard to the rigidity influencing of the substrate.
• the stiffness influence of the substrate at least partially by doping with impurities or ion implantation (eg of oxygen, nitrogen, fluorine or hydrogen atoms or ions), by chemical conversion, laser treatment or by a structure affecting the rigidity (eg in the form of lamellae), which can be arranged in particular on the side of the substrate opposite to the layer stack ("substrate rear side") .An arrangement on the side of the substrate facing the layer stack ("substrate front side") is also possible Care must be taken to ensure that the desired optical properties are not impaired.
• impurities or ion implantation eg of oxygen, nitrogen, fluorine or hydrogen atoms or ions
• a structure affecting the rigidity eg in the form of lamellae
• the respective gaps in a structure e.g. be refilled between slats, with another material or with the same material with a different orientation, density, etc., for example, to achieve a homogeneous or smooth surface.
• an additional layer influencing the stiffness may also be provided on the side of the substrate facing away from the reflection layer stack.
• Fig. 6 shows a schematic representation of an exemplary for operation in the
• a lighting device in a projection exposure apparatus 600 designed for EUV has a field facet mirror 603 and a pupil facet mirror 604.
• the light of a light source unit comprising a plasma light source 601 and a collector mirror 602 is directed.
• a first telescope mirror 605 and a second telescope mirror 606 are arranged.
• a deflection mirror 607 which directs the radiation striking it onto an object field in the object plane of a projection objective comprising six mirrors 651-656, is arranged downstream of the light path.
• a reflective structure-carrying mask 621 is arranged on a mask table 620, which is imaged by means of the projection lens into an image plane in which a photosensitive layer (photoresist) -coated substrate 661 is located on a wafer table 660.
• the method according to the invention is particularly advantageously applicable to the fabrication of the field facet mirror 603 from FIG. 6, more particularly when the individual field facets of the field facet mirror 603 are in turn composed of individual mirror elements or micromirrors.
• Such a "sub-faceting" of the field facet mirror is known to those skilled in the art as such from US 201 1/0001947 A1 and, as in FIG. 7, can be represented schematically using a single field facet 700, for example such that a plurality of respectively planar mirror elements 701, 702, 703, ... are aligned in such a way by appropriate adjustment of the normal vectors that the result is the typical spherical surface of the (macroscopic) mirror facet modeled, however, the optical effect of the pupil facets of the pupil facet mirror 604 of FIG "False" refractive power of the individual mirror elements 701, 702, 703, ... or the field facets 700 of the field facet mirror 603 from FIG. 6 are impaired.
• the invention is not limited to the application to the facet mirror, so that in principle also other mirrors (even those which are not composed of a plurality of mirror elements) can be configured in the manner according to the invention.
• other mirrors even those which are not composed of a plurality of mirror elements
• the invention has also been described with reference to specific embodiments, numerous variations and alternative embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, eg, by combining and / or replacing features of individual embodiments. Accordingly, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that such variations and alternative embodiments are intended to be embraced by the present invention, and the scope of the invention is limited only in terms of the appended claims and their equivalents.

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• Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
• Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
• Exposure And Positioning Against Photoresist Photosensitive Materials (AREA)

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• 2014
  • 2014-01-30 DE DE102014201622.3A patent/DE102014201622A1/de not_active Ceased
• 2015
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