WO2015111259A1 - 圧電発電モジュール、およびリモートコントローラ - Google Patents
圧電発電モジュール、およびリモートコントローラ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015111259A1 WO2015111259A1 PCT/JP2014/077670 JP2014077670W WO2015111259A1 WO 2015111259 A1 WO2015111259 A1 WO 2015111259A1 JP 2014077670 W JP2014077670 W JP 2014077670W WO 2015111259 A1 WO2015111259 A1 WO 2015111259A1
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- voltage
- power generation
- piezoelectric element
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- piezoelectric
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims description 95
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead zirconate titanate Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4].[Zr+4].[Pb+2] HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052451 lead zirconate titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- BITYAPCSNKJESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassiosodium Chemical compound [Na].[K] BITYAPCSNKJESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
- H02N2/181—Circuits; Control arrangements or methods
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
- G08C17/00—Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link
- G08C17/02—Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link using a radio link
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/30—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices with mechanical input and electrical output, e.g. functioning as generators or sensors
- H10N30/304—Beam type
- H10N30/306—Cantilevers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/50—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices having a stacked or multilayer structure
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
- G08C2201/00—Transmission systems of control signals via wireless link
- G08C2201/10—Power supply of remote control devices
- G08C2201/11—Energy harvesting
- G08C2201/112—Mechanical energy, e.g. vibration, piezoelectric
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/30—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices with mechanical input and electrical output, e.g. functioning as generators or sensors
- H10N30/304—Beam type
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a piezoelectric power generation module and a remote controller equipped with the piezoelectric power generation module, for example, a piezoelectric power generation module that converts mechanical energy applied to a piezoelectric element into electrical energy and supplies power to a processing circuit, and It relates to the installed remote controller.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a power generation unit that generates power by applying strain to a piezoelectric element, and a rectifying unit that rectifies an AC voltage output from the power generation unit and outputs a DC voltage. And a power generation device including the same.
- a configuration is disclosed in which the AC voltage generated by the piezoelectric element is rectified and smoothed by a rectifying means including a diode bridge and a smoothing capacitor, and converted into a DC voltage.
- the piezoelectric power generation module 100R includes a piezoelectric element 1, a rectifier circuit 3, a smoothing capacitor 4, a load switch control circuit 5, a load switch 6, an output node N1, and an output node N2.
- a load 7 is connected between the output node N1 and the output node N2.
- the charge generated by the piezoelectric element 1 can be supplied to the subsequent stage both with the negative potential obtained when the piezoelectric element 1 is not deformed.
- a piezoelectric power generation module includes a piezoelectric element having a first terminal and a second terminal, a discharge mechanism connected in parallel with the piezoelectric element, and each of the first terminal and the second terminal.
- a rectifier circuit having a connected input terminal pair and an output terminal pair for outputting a DC voltage; a first input terminal connected to one of the output terminals of the rectifier circuit; and the other of the rectifier circuit.
- a switch control circuit having a second input terminal connected to the output terminal and an output terminal for outputting a switch control signal, and parallel to the first input terminal and the second input terminal of the switch control circuit And a first switch that is connected to one output terminal of the rectifier circuit and switches between a conductive state and a cut-off state in response to the switch control signal. Sui After the switch is rendered conductive, the discharge mechanism becomes conductive.
- a discharge mechanism using the voltage across the piezoelectric element as a reference potential is provided in parallel with the piezoelectric element, and the discharge mechanism becomes conductive before the pressing state against the piezoelectric element changes. Therefore, the DC voltage rises to a threshold voltage necessary for switching the first switch in both the pressing operation to the piezoelectric element and the operation to release the pressing to the piezoelectric element. Therefore, a piezoelectric power generation module capable of stable driving is realized both in the pressing operation to the piezoelectric element and the operation in which the pressing to the piezoelectric element is released.
- the discharge mechanism becomes conductive after the processing of the load is completed.
- the efficiency of power generation becomes better.
- the capacitance of the piezoelectric element is greater than or equal to the capacitance of the capacitance element.
- the power generation amount per operation is improved, so that the power generation efficiency is improved.
- the discharge mechanism is a second switch.
- the discharge mechanism switches between a conduction state and a cutoff state by a control signal output from a load.
- a control circuit that outputs a control signal is further provided, and the discharge mechanism switches between a conduction state and a cutoff state by a control signal output from the control circuit based on a conduction state of the first switch.
- the piezoelectric power generation module can be controlled more efficiently.
- a remote controller includes a piezoelectric power generation module and an RF circuit.
- the RF circuit executes a process, and the process ends. Thereafter, the discharge mechanism becomes conductive.
- a discharge mechanism using the voltage across the piezoelectric element as a reference potential is provided in parallel with the piezoelectric element, and the discharge mechanism becomes conductive before the pressing state against the piezoelectric element changes. Therefore, the DC voltage rises to a threshold voltage necessary for switching the first switch in both the pressing operation to the piezoelectric element and the operation to release the pressing to the piezoelectric element. Therefore, a remote controller capable of supplying a necessary power supply voltage to a load capable of stable driving in both the pressing operation to the piezoelectric element and the operation to release the pressing to the piezoelectric element is realized. .
- a piezoelectric power generation module and a remote controller capable of stable driving are realized both in the pressing operation to the piezoelectric element and the operation in which the pressing to the piezoelectric element is released.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a piezoelectric power generation module according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a relationship between a state of pressing a piezoelectric element included in the piezoelectric power generation module according to Embodiment 1 and generated charges. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a piezoelectric element according to a modification of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a load switch control circuit included in the piezoelectric power generation module according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a processing flow of the piezoelectric power generation module according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 3 is a timing chart for explaining the operation of the piezoelectric power generation module according to Embodiment 1. It is a circuit diagram of a piezoelectric power generation module according to a comparative example. It is a timing diagram explaining operation
- 6 is a circuit diagram of a piezoelectric power generation module according to Embodiment 2.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating a processing flow of the piezoelectric power generation module according to Embodiment 2.
- FIG. 10 is a timing diagram for explaining the operation of the piezoelectric power generation module according to Embodiment 2.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of the piezoelectric power generation module 100 according to the first embodiment.
- the piezoelectric power generation module 100 includes a piezoelectric element 1, a discharge switch 2, a rectifier circuit 3, a smoothing capacitor 4, a load switch control circuit 5, a load switch 6, an output node N1, an output node N2, and an input node Np.
- a load 7 is connected between the output node N1 and the output node N2.
- the load 7 is, for example, a processing circuit such as an RF circuit or a microcomputer. These processing circuits are supplied with a power supply voltage from the output node N1 and the output node N2 of the piezoelectric power generation module 100, and output a signal (such as an identification code ID) for controlling an electronic device at a remote position. Therefore, a remote controller or a wireless switch is realized by connecting the load 7 to the piezoelectric power generation module 100.
- the discharge switch 2 corresponds to the discharge mechanism of the present application.
- the smoothing capacitor 4 corresponds to the capacitive element of the present application.
- the load switch control circuit 5 corresponds to the switch control circuit of the present application.
- the load switch 6 corresponds to the first switch of the present application.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view for explaining the relationship between the pressed state of the piezoelectric element 1 included in the piezoelectric power generation module 100 according to Embodiment 1 and the generated charges.
- FIG. 2A is a sectional view schematically showing a state of the piezoelectric element 1 to which no stress is applied.
- the piezoelectric element 1 includes a piezoelectric body 1C and a metal plate 1D.
- the piezoelectric body 1C has a flat plate shape and is made of, for example, a lead zirconate titanate ceramic.
- An electrode 1A is provided on one main surface of the piezoelectric body 1C, and an electrode 1B is provided on the other main surface.
- the metal plate 1D and the piezoelectric body 1C are electrically joined via the electrode 1B.
- the electrode 1A is connected to the first signal line Tpe1, and the metal plate 1D is connected to the second signal line Tpe2. As shown in FIG.
- both ends of the piezoelectric element 1 are held by the support portion 1E.
- the piezoelectric element 1 is polarized by receiving stress applied in the direction of the arrow shown in FIG.
- the electrode 1A corresponds to the first terminal of the piezoelectric element of the present application.
- the electrode 1B corresponds to the second terminal of the piezoelectric element of the present application.
- FIG. 2 (b) schematically shows a cross-sectional view of the piezoelectric element 1 in a state where a load is applied.
- the piezoelectric body 1C of the piezoelectric element 1 is polarized by deformation due to pressing, and a positive charge is charged in the electrode 1A connected to the first signal line Tpe1, and is connected to the second signal line Tpe2.
- a state in which the negative charge is charged to the electrode 1B is shown.
- FIG. 2C shows a state in which the pressure applied to the piezoelectric element 1 is released, that is, the stress applied to the piezoelectric element 1 is released and the state is restored from FIG. 2B to FIG. 2A. Show.
- the piezoelectric body 1C has a negative charge on the electrode 1A connected to the first signal line Tpe1 and a positive charge on the electrode 1B connected to the second signal line Tpe2. It shows how to do.
- the piezoelectric element 1 When the piezoelectric element 1 is pressed (stress is applied), the potential of the first signal line Tpe1 rises with respect to the potential of the second signal line Tpe2. The generated voltage Vpe is generated on the first signal line Tpe1.
- the generated voltage Vpe generated while being pressed may be referred to as “positive generated voltage Vpe”.
- the power generation voltage Vpe generated during the release of pressing may be referred to as a “negative power generation voltage Vpe”. That is, in response to pressing and release of the piezoelectric element 1, an alternating voltage is generated between the first signal line Tpe1 and the second signal line Tpe2.
- the discharge switch 2 is an electronic switch.
- the rectifier circuit 3 is a general full-wave rectifier circuit configured by a diode bridge, and one input terminal pair thereof is connected to the first signal line Tpe1 and the other input terminal pair is connected to the second signal line Tpe1. Connected to signal line Tpe2.
- a smoothing capacitor 4 is connected between the output terminal pair of the rectifier circuit 3.
- the generated voltage Vpe applied to the input terminal pair of the rectifier circuit 3 is full-wave rectified by a diode bridge, further smoothed by the smoothing capacitor 4, and converted into a DC voltage Vrc. Is output.
- the low potential side is set to GND.
- the power supply node Nc1 of the load switch control circuit 5 is connected to the high potential side of the output terminal pair of the rectifier circuit 3, and the power supply node Nc2 is connected to the low potential side of the output terminal pair of the rectifier circuit 3. Power supply node Nc2 is connected to output node N2.
- the load switch control circuit 5 outputs a load switch control signal S6 from the output terminal of the load switch 6, and switches the load switch 6 between a conduction state and a cutoff state.
- load switch 6 The one end and the other end of the load switch 6 are connected to the power supply node Nc1 and the output node N1 of the load switch control circuit 5, respectively.
- load switch 6 may be arranged between power supply node Nc2 and output node Nc2.
- FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of the load switch control circuit 5 provided in the piezoelectric power generation module 100 of FIG.
- the load switch control circuit 5 is composed of, for example, a CMOS circuit.
- Load switch control circuit 5 includes a first input terminal connected to power supply node Nc1, a second input terminal connected to power supply node Nc2, and an output terminal.
- the load switch control circuit 5 includes a resistor R1, a resistor R2, and a resistor R3 connected in series in order from the power supply node Nc1 side between the power supply node Nc1 and the power supply node Nc2.
- the load switch control circuit 5 includes a switch 51 that is an electronic switch, a comparison voltage generation circuit 53 that is a bandgap reference, and a comparison circuit 52 that is an operational amplifier, for example.
- the one end of the resistor R1 is connected to the power supply node Nc1, and the other end is connected to one end of the resistor R2.
- One end of the resistor R2 is connected to the other end of the resistor R1, and the other end is connected to one end of the resistor R3.
- One end of resistor R3 is connected to the other end of resistor R2, and the other end is connected to power supply node Nc2.
- Switch 51 has one end connected to power supply node Nc1 and the other end connected to the other end of resistor R1.
- the comparison voltage generation circuit 53 has an input terminal connected to the power supply node Nc 2 and an output terminal connected to the inverting input terminal of the comparison circuit 52.
- the comparison circuit 52 has a non-inverting input terminal connected to one end of the resistor R 3 and an output terminal connected to the switch 51 and the load switch 6.
- the load switch control circuit 5 changes the logic level of the output load switch control signal S6 according to the increase / decrease of the DC voltage Vrc applied between the power supply node Nc1 and the power supply node Nc2.
- the load switch 6 is set to a conductive state (on state) and a cutoff state (off state), respectively.
- the load switch 6 When the load switch 6 is set to the conductive state, the DC voltage Vrc generated between the output node N1 and the output node N2 is supplied to the load 7. According to the current consumption of the load 7, the amount of charge accumulated in the smoothing capacitor 4 gradually decreases, and the value of the DC voltage Vrc is lowered. Note that the potential of the second signal line Tpe2 in a state where the piezoelectric element 1 is not displaced corresponds to the reference potential GND of the present application.
- Load switch control circuit 5 is set such that the change in the logic level of output load switch control signal S6 has a hysteresis characteristic with respect to the change in DC voltage Vrc input between power supply nodes Nc1 and Nc2. .
- the hysteresis characteristic is realized by switching the conduction state of the switch 51 by the load switch control signal S6 output from the comparison circuit 52.
- the load switch 6 transitions from the off state to the on state. Thereafter, when the value of the DC voltage Vrc drops to the threshold voltage Vtl lower than the threshold voltage Vth with the current supply to the load 7, the load switch 6 transitions from the conduction state to the cutoff state.
- DC voltage Vrc is divided by resistors R1, R2 and R3 connected in series between power supply node Nc1 and power supply node Nc2.
- the comparison circuit 52 compares the potential across the resistor R3 with the potential generated by the comparison voltage generation circuit 53, and determines the logic level of the load switch control signal S6.
- the values of the resistors R1 to R3 and the value of the comparison voltage are appropriately set so that the threshold voltage Vth (see FIG. 1) becomes a target value.
- the comparison circuit 52 changes the logic level of the load switch control signal S6 from the low level to the high level.
- the load switch 6 is set in a conductive state, and a DC voltage Vrc is applied between the output node N1 and the output node N2 (see FIG. 1).
- the switch 51 connected in parallel with the resistor R1 is also set in a conductive state, and the voltage (DC voltage Vrc) of the power supply node Nc1 is divided by the resistors R2 and R3. Pressed. Compared with the case where the switch 51 is in the cut-off state, the value of the voltage across the resistor R3 increases. Therefore, when the value of the DC voltage Vrc reaches a threshold voltage Vtl lower than the threshold voltage Vth, the comparison circuit 52 The logic level of the load switch control signal S6 is changed from the high level to the low level. In response to the change of the load switch control signal S6, the load switch 6 is set in the cut-off state, and the supply of the DC voltage Vrc to the output node N1 is stopped.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart for explaining the processing flow of the piezoelectric power generation module 100 of FIG.
- the processing flow of the piezoelectric power generation module 100 will be described with reference to FIGS. 5 and 1.
- the piezoelectric element 1 is pressed (positive power generation voltage Vpe is generated) or the piezoelectric element 1 is pressed and released (negative voltage generation voltage Vpe is generated)
- the generated voltage is generated between the input terminal pair of the rectifier circuit 3.
- Vpe is applied (step S11).
- the generated voltage Vpe rectified by the rectifier circuit 3 is smoothed by the smoothing capacitor 4 to generate a DC voltage Vrc (step S12).
- the load switch control circuit 5 determines whether or not the value of the applied DC voltage Vrc has reached the threshold voltage Vth (step S13).
- step S13 When the value of the DC voltage Vrc is smaller than the threshold voltage Vth (“NO” in step S13), the load switch 6 is set to the cutoff state, and the rectifier circuit 3 continues to store the smoothing capacitor 4.
- the load switch control circuit 5 sets the load switch 6 to a conducting state by the load switch control signal S6 (step S14).
- the DC voltage Vrc is supplied to the load 7 via the load switch 6 and the output node N1, and the load 7 executes a signal transmission process to the electronic device (step S15). Thereafter, the load 7 outputs the output port signal Sp to the input node Np.
- the discharge switch 2 is set in a conductive state in response to the output port signal Sp, and shorts the first signal line Tpe1 and the second signal line Tpe2. The electric charge accumulated in the piezoelectric element 1 at that time is discharged inside the piezoelectric element 1, and the value of the generated voltage Vpe becomes zero (step S16).
- the load switch control circuit 5 compares the value of the applied DC voltage Vrc with the magnitude of the threshold voltage Vtl (step S17). When the value of the DC voltage Vrc is equal to or higher than the threshold voltage Vtl (“NO” in step S17), the conduction state of the load switch 6 is maintained. When the value of the DC voltage Vrc becomes smaller than the threshold voltage Vtl (“YES” in step S17), the load switch control circuit 5 sets the load switch 6 to the cutoff state by the load switch control signal S6 (step S18). When the load switch 6 is set to the cutoff state, the supply of the DC voltage Vrc to the load 7 is stopped, and the load 7 is powered down.
- FIG. 6 is a timing chart for explaining the operation of the piezoelectric power generation module 100 of FIG.
- the operation of the piezoelectric power generation module 100 will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 1.
- the horizontal axis schematically represents time
- the vertical axis schematically represents voltages and signals such as the power generation voltage Vpe.
- the operation of the piezoelectric power generation module 100 shown in FIG. 6 is as follows: 1) pressing on the piezoelectric element 1 over the pressing period T10, 2) maintaining pressure on the piezoelectric element 1 over the pressing maintaining period T20, and 3) releasing the pressing.
- the operation is divided into three consecutive periods of the pressure release of the piezoelectric element 1 over the period T30.
- the load 7 consumes the electric charge accumulated in the smoothing capacitor 4 and executes a predetermined process (signal transmission process to the electronic device).
- a predetermined process signal transmission process to the electronic device.
- the process is terminated, and time t2 Thereafter, the idle state is maintained.
- the load switch control circuit 5 changes the load switch control signal S6 to the low level L to set the load switch 6 to the cut-off state, and to the load 7 The supply of the DC voltage Vrc is stopped.
- changes in the generated voltage Vpe are as follows.
- the load 7 that started the signal transmission process at time t1 outputs the output port signal Sp to the input node Np when the process is completed at time t2.
- the discharge switch 2 is set from the cutoff state to the conductive state.
- the first signal line Tpe1 and the second signal line Tpe2 are short-circuited, and the electric charge accumulated in the piezoelectric element 1 at that time is discharged, and the value of the generated voltage Vpe rapidly becomes zero after time t2.
- the DC voltage Vrc gradually decreases due to power supply to the load in the idle state.
- the pressing maintenance period T20 is a period during which a constant stress is applied to the piezoelectric element 1.
- the piezoelectric element 1 pressed from one direction is pressed against a fixed portion arranged in the other direction, and the piezoelectric element This is a period during which the amount of distortion generated in 1 is maintained in a state where it hardly changes.
- FIG. 6 shows a state in which the power generation voltage Vpe is set to zero by the above-described discharge switch 2 and the power is not supplied to the load before the start of the pressing maintenance period T20.
- the DC voltage Vrc gradually decreases to a predetermined threshold voltage Vtl.
- the load switch control circuit 5 changes the load switch control signal S6 from the high level H to the low level L.
- the supply of the DC voltage Vrc to the load 7 is stopped, and the potential of the output port signal Sp applied to the input node Np is changed from a high level H set by the load 7 to a pull-down resistor (not shown). Is changed to the low level L.
- the discharge switch 2 In response to the output port signal Sp, the discharge switch 2 short-circuits the first signal line Tpe1 and the second signal line Tpe2, and the value of the generated voltage Vpe rapidly reaches zero after time t6.
- time T3 and time T4 correspond to time T1 and time T2, respectively, and redundant description thereof will be omitted.
- the power supply voltage is supplied to the load 7 connected between the output node N1 and the output node N2 of the piezoelectric power generation module 100 in both the pressing period and the pressing release period of the piezoelectric element 1. Can be supplied.
- FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of a piezoelectric power generation module 100R according to a comparative example of the piezoelectric power generation module 100 of FIG.
- the piezoelectric power generation module 100R in FIG. 7 is a comparative example for explaining the effect of the piezoelectric power generation module 100 in FIG. 1, and is different from the piezoelectric power generation module 100 in FIG. This corresponds to a configuration in which is deleted. That is, in the piezoelectric power generation module 100R, the piezoelectric element 1 is not discharged after the processing operation of the load 7 is completed.
- FIG. 8 is a timing chart for explaining the operation of the piezoelectric power generation module 100R of FIG. The operation of the piezoelectric power generation module 100R will be described with reference to FIGS.
- the waveform of the DC voltage Vrc in the period from time t0 to time t3 is the same as the waveform of the DC voltage Vrc during the synchronization in FIG. That is, when pressing to the piezoelectric element 1 is started at time t0, the values of the power generation voltage Vpe and the DC voltage Vrc both reach the threshold voltage Vth at time t1. After time t1, the load 7 is in an idle state after execution of the signal transmission process, and at time t3, the value of the DC voltage Vrc reaches the threshold voltage Vtl.
- the piezoelectric element 1 cannot charge the smoothing capacitor 4 that has already been charged to the threshold voltage Vtl or higher, and the value of the DC voltage Vrc does not reach the threshold voltage Vth. As a result, the cutoff state of the load switch 6 is maintained, and the load 7 cannot execute the signal transmission process.
- the rectification circuit 3 rectifies the positive power generation voltage Vpe generated by the pressing of the piezoelectric element 1 over the pressing period T10, and outputs the DC voltage Vrc.
- the load switch 6 When the value of the DC voltage Vrc exceeds the threshold voltage Vth, the load switch 6 is set in a conductive state, and supply of the DC voltage Vrc to the load 7 is started.
- the discharge switch 2 connected in parallel with the piezoelectric element 1 responds to the output port signal Sp output from the load 7 between the first signal line Tpe1 and the second signal line Tpe2. A short circuit occurs, and the value of the power generation voltage Vpe of the piezoelectric element 1 is reset to zero.
- the rectifier circuit 3 rectifies the negative generated voltage Vpe generated by the pressure release of the piezoelectric element 1 over the press release period T30, and outputs the DC voltage Vrc.
- the piezoelectric voltage Vpe of the piezoelectric element 1 is reset to zero by the discharge switch 2, so the value of the power generation voltage Vpe output by the piezoelectric element 1 is As in the case of the pressing period T10, the voltage rises to the threshold voltage Vth necessary for the operation of the load 7.
- the load 7 can execute the target processing operation also in the press release period T30 following the press period T10.
- dimmer control of a lighting switch, open / close control of a blind, and the like can be performed by a single continuous pressing and pressing operation on the piezoelectric element 1.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a piezoelectric element 11 according to another example of the piezoelectric element 1 of FIG.
- the piezoelectric element 11 has a configuration in which the piezoelectric bodies 11C are stacked so that charges having the same polarity are generated on the surface facing each piezoelectric body 11C during pressing.
- the amount of charge generated by the piezoelectric element 11 increases, and the load 7 (see FIG. 1) can be driven for a longer time.
- FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram of the piezoelectric power generation module 200 according to the second embodiment.
- the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 have the same configuration or function, and redundant description thereof is omitted.
- the piezoelectric power generation module 200 shown in FIG. 9 controls the conduction state of the discharge switch 2 based on the discharge switch control signal S2 output from the discharge switch control circuit 8 instead of the output port signal Sp output from the load 7. Is. Therefore, the piezoelectric power generation module 200 does not have the input node Np included in the piezoelectric power generation module 100 of FIG.
- the discharge switch control circuit 8 operates in response to the supply of the DC voltage Vrc output from the rectifier circuit 3, and discharges a one-shot pulse having a predetermined pulse width in response to the falling edge of the load switch control signal S6. Output as the switch control signal S2.
- the discharge switch 2 is set in a conductive state for a time during which the discharge switch control signal S2 is set to a high level, and short-circuits the first signal line Tpe1 and the second signal line Tpe2.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart for explaining the processing flow of the piezoelectric power generation module 200 of FIG.
- Steps S21 to S25 are the same as steps S11 to S15 shown in FIG.
- the generated voltage is generated between the input terminal pair of the rectifier circuit 3.
- Vpe is applied (step S21).
- the generated voltage Vpe rectified by the rectifier circuit 3 is smoothed by the smoothing capacitor 4 to generate a DC voltage Vrc (step S22).
- the load switch control circuit 5 determines whether or not the value of the applied DC voltage Vrc has reached the threshold voltage Vth (step S23).
- step S23 When the value of the DC voltage Vrc is smaller than the threshold voltage Vth (“NO” in step S23), the load switch 6 is set to the cut-off state, and the rectifier circuit 3 continues to store the smoothing capacitor 4.
- the load switch control circuit 5 sets the load switch 6 to the conducting state by the load switch control signal S6 (step S24).
- the DC voltage Vrc is supplied to the load 7 via the load switch 6 and the output node N1, and the load 7 executes a signal transmission process to the electronic device (step S25).
- the load switch control circuit 5 compares the value of the applied DC voltage Vrc with the magnitude of the threshold voltage Vtl (step S26). When the value of the DC voltage Vrc is equal to or higher than the threshold voltage Vtl (“NO” in step S26), the conduction state of the load switch 6 is maintained. When the value of the DC voltage Vrc becomes smaller than the threshold voltage Vtl (“YES” in step S26), the load switch control circuit 5 sets the load switch 6 to the cutoff state by the load switch control signal S6 (step S27).
- the discharge switch control circuit 8 When the load switch 6 is set to the cut-off state, the discharge switch control circuit 8 generates a one-shot pulse for the discharge switch control signal S2, sets the discharge switch 2 to the conductive state for a predetermined time, and The charge is discharged (step S28). By this discharge, the value of the power generation voltage Vpe of the piezoelectric element 1 is reset to zero.
- FIG. 11 is a timing chart for explaining the operation of the piezoelectric power generation module 200 of FIG. The operation of the piezoelectric power generation module 200 will be described with reference to FIGS. 11 and 9.
- the horizontal axis schematically represents time
- the vertical axis schematically represents voltage waveforms and signal waveforms such as the generated voltage Vpe.
- the DC voltage Vrc output from the rectifier circuit 3 increases as the power generation voltage Vpe generated by the piezoelectric element 1 increases.
- the piezoelectric element 1 outputs a positive power generation voltage Vpe, and at time t1, the values of the power generation voltage Vpe and the DC voltage Vrc reach the threshold voltage Vth. .
- the load switch control circuit 5 changes the logic level of the load switch control signal S6 from the low level to the high level.
- the load switch 6 becomes conductive, and the piezoelectric power generation module 200 starts supplying the DC voltage Vrc to the load 7.
- the load 7 consumes the electric charge accumulated in the smoothing capacitor 4, and executes signal transmission processing to the electronic device.
- the load switch control circuit 5 changes the load switch control signal S6 from the high level H to the low level L to set the load switch 6 to the cutoff state.
- the supply of the DC voltage Vrc to the load 7 is stopped.
- the values of the DC voltage Vrc and the generated voltage Vpe change similarly.
- the discharge switch control circuit 8 In response to the change in the logic level of the load switch control signal S6 at time t2, the discharge switch control circuit 8 generates a one-shot pulse having a pulse width of time T2 from time t3 to time t3A in the discharge switch control signal S2. To do.
- the discharge switch 2 In response to the discharge switch control signal S2, the discharge switch 2 short-circuits the first signal line Tpe1 and the second signal line Tpe2 over time T2. As a result, the value of the generated voltage Vpe rapidly decreases from the threshold voltage Vtl at time t3 to zero at time t3A. Until the time t4 when the pressing release period T30 starts, the values of the DC voltage Vrc and the generated voltage Vpe maintain the threshold voltage Vtl and zero, respectively.
- the piezoelectric element 1 When the pressure on the piezoelectric element 1 is released at time t4, the piezoelectric element 1 outputs a negative power generation voltage Vpe, and the rectifier circuit 3 rectifies the negative power generation voltage Vpe to smooth the capacitor 4. Is output and a DC voltage Vrc is output.
- the generated voltage Vpe and the DC voltage Vrc reach the threshold voltage Vth and the negative threshold voltage Vth ( ⁇ Vth), respectively, at time t5, the value of the DC voltage Vrc and the generated power The absolute value of the voltage Vpe starts to decrease.
- the load 7 starts signal transmission processing.
- the logic level of the load switch control signal S6 changes from the high level H to the low level L.
- the discharge switch control circuit 8 generates a one-shot pulse having a pulse width of time T4 in the discharge switch control signal S2.
- the discharge switch 2 short-circuits between the first signal line Tpe1 and the second signal line Tpe2, and the value of the generated voltage Vpe rapidly rises to zero after time t7. To do.
- the piezoelectric power generation module 200 it is not necessary to control the discharge switch 2 by the load 7, and the discharge switch 2 can be controlled based on the value of the DC voltage Vrc output from the rectifier circuit 3 included in the piezoelectric power generation module 200. . As a result, it is possible to supply the necessary power supply voltage to the load 7 that does not have an output port signal output function in both operations of pressing and releasing the piezoelectric element 1.
- the piezoelectric element is made of a lead zirconate titanate ceramic, but is not limited thereto.
- it may be made of a lead-free piezoelectric ceramic piezoelectric material such as potassium sodium niobate and alkali niobate ceramics.
- the support structure of the piezoelectric element 1 is supported by the two support portions 1E, but is not limited thereto.
- a configuration in which one end of the piezoelectric element 1 is held by a cantilever and stress is applied to the other end which is a free end may be employed.
- the piezoelectric element 1 may have a rod-like shape, one end of which is held by a cantilever, and stress is applied to the other end. That is, the support form of the piezoelectric element 1 may be any structure that can be deformed by pressing.
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Abstract
Description
好ましくは、前記放電機構は、負荷から出力される制御信号によって導通状態と遮断状態とを切り替える。
図1は、実施の形態1に係る圧電発電モジュール100の回路図である。
圧電素子1の押圧(正電圧の発電電圧Vpeが発生)、または圧電素子1の押圧開放(負電圧の発電電圧Vpeが発生)が行われることで、整流回路3の入力端子対間に発電電圧Vpeが印加される(ステップS11)。整流回路3で整流された発電電圧Vpeは、平滑コンデンサ4で平滑され、直流電圧Vrcが生成される(ステップS12)。ロードスイッチ制御回路5は、印加される直流電圧Vrcの値が、閾値電圧Vthに達したか否かを判定する(ステップS13)。
図6および図1を参照して、圧電発電モジュール100の動作を説明する。図6において、横軸は時刻を、縦軸は発電電圧Vpe等の電圧や信号を、模式的に示す。図6に示される圧電発電モジュール100の動作は、1)押圧期間T10に亘る、圧電素子1への押圧、2)押圧維持期間T20に亘る、圧電素子1への押圧維持、および3)押圧開放期間T30に亘る、圧電素子1の押圧開放、の連続する3つの期間における動作に分けられる。
時刻t0に圧電素子1の押圧を開始すると、圧電素子1が発生する発電電圧Vpeの増加に伴い、整流回路3が出力する直流電圧Vrcも、増加する。時刻t0に開始された圧電素子1の押圧期間中、圧電素子1は、正電圧の発電電圧Vpeを出力し、時刻t1には、発電電圧Vpeおよび直流電圧Vrcの値は、閾値電圧Vthに達する。直流電圧Vrcの値が閾値電圧Vthに達すると、ロードスイッチ制御回路5は、ロードスイッチ制御信号S6の論理レベルをロウレベルLからハイレベルHに変化させる。このロードスイッチ制御信号S6の変化に応答して、ロードスイッチ6は、導通状態となり、圧電発電モジュール100は、負荷7へ、直流電圧Vrcの供給を開始する。
押圧維持期間T20とは、圧電素子1に一定の応力が印加される期間であり、例えば、一方向から押圧された圧電素子1が、他方向側に配置された固定部に押しつけられ、圧電素子1に発生する歪量がほとんど変化しない状態に維持される期間である。図6は、押圧維持期間T20の開始前に、上述の放電スイッチ2により、発電電圧Vpeが零に設定されており、負荷への電力供給がなされていない様子を示す。前述のとおり、押圧期間T20では、直流電圧Vrcはあらかじめ定められている閾値電圧Vtlをまで徐々に低下する。
時刻t4に、圧電素子1への押圧が開放されると、圧電素子1は、負電圧の発電電圧Vpeを出力し、整流回路3は、その負電圧の発電電圧Vpeを整流し、直流電圧Vrcを出力する。時刻t5に、発電電圧Vpeおよび直流電圧Vrcが、それぞれ、負の閾値電圧Vthおよび(正の)閾値電圧Vthに達すると、負荷7の電流消費に起因して、直流電圧Vrcの値と、発電電圧Vpeの絶対値は減少に転じる。押圧期間T10と同様に、時刻t5以降、負荷7は信号送信処理を開始し、時刻t6に、その処理を完了すると、入力ノードNpへ出力ポート信号Spを出力する。
図8および図7を参照して、圧電発電モジュール100Rの動作を説明する。
図8において、時刻t0から時刻t3の期間における直流電圧Vrcの波形は、図6における同期間の直流電圧Vrcの波形と同じである。即ち、時刻t0に圧電素子1への押圧を開始すると、時刻t1には、発電電圧Vpeおよび直流電圧Vrcの値は、ともに、閾値電圧Vthに達する。時刻t1以降、負荷7は、信号送信処理の実行後にアイドル状態となり、時刻t3には、直流電圧Vrcの値は、閾値電圧Vtlに達する。
さらに、図6において、時刻t2以降、零に低下した発電電圧Vpeの値は、圧電素子1への押圧が開放される時刻t4まで、零が維持される。一方、図8においては、発電電圧Vpeおよび直流電圧Vrcの値は、時刻t3以降、閾値電圧Vtlより若干大きい電圧値に維持される。これは、押圧維持期間T20に亘り、圧電素子1が発生する発電電圧Vpeが、整流回路3を経由して、平滑コンデンサ4に印加されるためである。
時刻t4に、圧電素子1への押圧が開放されると、圧電素子1は、閾値電圧Vtlを若干上回る値の正電圧の発電電圧Vpeを保持している状態から、負電圧の発電電圧Vpeの出力を開始し、第2の信号線Tpe2には、閾値電圧Vthに相当する電圧が発生する。しかしながら、時刻t4において、第2の信号線Tpe2には、閾値電圧Vtlより若干大きい電圧値が発生しているため、整流回路3に入力される圧電素子1の負電圧の発電電圧Vpeは、零を若干下回る程度である。
圧電発電モジュール100において、整流回路3は、押圧期間T10に亘り、圧電素子1の押圧により発生する正電圧の発電電圧Vpeを整流し、直流電圧Vrcを出力する。直流電圧Vrcの値が、閾値電圧Vthを超えると、ロードスイッチ6は導通状態に設定され、負荷7への直流電圧Vrcの供給が開始される。負荷7の処理動作完了後、圧電素子1と並列接続される放電スイッチ2は、負荷7が出力する出力ポート信号Spに応答して、第1の信号線Tpe1および第2の信号線Tpe2間を短絡し、圧電素子1の発電電圧Vpeの値は、零にリセットされる。
図3は、図2の圧電素子1の他の例に係る圧電素子11の断面図である。
図9は、実施の形態2に係る圧電発電モジュール200の回路図である。
図11および図9を参照して、圧電発電モジュール200の動作を説明する。図11において、横軸は、時刻を、縦軸は、発電電圧Vpe等の電圧波形や信号波形を、模式的に示す。
Claims (7)
- 第1の端子および第2の端子を有する圧電素子と、
前記圧電素子と並列に接続されている放電機構と、
前記第1の端子、第2の端子におのおの接続されている入力端子対と、直流電圧を出力する出力端子対とを有する整流回路と、
前記整流回路の一方の出力端子と接続されている第1の入力端子と、前記整流回路の他方の出力端子と接続されている第2の入力端子と、スイッチ制御信号を出力する出力端子とを有するスイッチ制御回路と、
前記スイッチ制御回路の第1の入力端子と第2の入力端子に対して並列に接続されている容量素子と、
前記整流回路の一方の出力端子に接続され、前記スイッチ制御信号に応答して導通状態と遮断状態とを切り替える第1のスイッチと、
を備え、
前記第1のスイッチが導通状態となった後に、前記放電機構が導通状態となる、圧電発電モジュール。 - 前記第1のスイッチの後段に負荷を有し、
前記負荷の処理終了後に、前記放電機構が導通状態となる、請求項1に記載の圧電発電モジュール。 - 前記圧電素子の静電容量は、前記容量素子の静電容量以上である、請求項1または請求項2に記載の圧電発電モジュール。
- 前記放電機構は、第2のスイッチである、請求項1ないし請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の圧電発電モジュール。
- 前記放電機構は、負荷から出力される制御信号によって導通状態と遮断状態とを切り替える、請求項1ないし請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の圧電発電モジュール。
- 制御信号を出力する制御回路をさらに備え、
前記放電機構は、前記第1のスイッチの導通状態に基づいて制御回路から出力される制御信号によって導通状態と遮断状態とを切り替える、請求項1ないし請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の圧電発電モジュール。 - 請求項1ないし請求項6のいずれか1項に記載の圧電発電モジュールと、RF回路とを備え、
前記負荷は、前記第1のスイッチから前記直流電圧が供給されると、前記RF回路が処理を実行し、
前記処理終了後、前記放電機構が導通状態となる、リモートコントローラ。
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