WO2015109930A1 - 一种具有钢绞线的先张法离心混凝土桩及制造方法 - Google Patents

一种具有钢绞线的先张法离心混凝土桩及制造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015109930A1
WO2015109930A1 PCT/CN2015/000029 CN2015000029W WO2015109930A1 WO 2015109930 A1 WO2015109930 A1 WO 2015109930A1 CN 2015000029 W CN2015000029 W CN 2015000029W WO 2015109930 A1 WO2015109930 A1 WO 2015109930A1
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Prior art keywords
steel
steel strand
plate
concrete pile
strand
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PCT/CN2015/000029
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
俞向阳
干钢
曾凯
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俞向阳
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Application filed by 俞向阳 filed Critical 俞向阳
Priority to KR1020167019791A priority Critical patent/KR20160101164A/ko
Priority to JP2016564367A priority patent/JP6165357B2/ja
Priority to US15/106,722 priority patent/US9783987B2/en
Publication of WO2015109930A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015109930A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/30—Columns; Pillars; Struts
    • E04C3/32—Columns; Pillars; Struts of metal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22—Piles
    • E02D5/58—Prestressed concrete piles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22—Piles
    • E02D5/24—Prefabricated piles
    • E02D5/30—Prefabricated piles made of concrete or reinforced concrete or made of steel and concrete
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
    • B28B11/24—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for curing, setting or hardening
    • B28B11/245—Curing concrete articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B21/00—Methods or machines specially adapted for the production of tubular articles
    • B28B21/02—Methods or machines specially adapted for the production of tubular articles by casting into moulds
    • B28B21/10—Methods or machines specially adapted for the production of tubular articles by casting into moulds using compacting means
    • B28B21/22—Methods or machines specially adapted for the production of tubular articles by casting into moulds using compacting means using rotatable mould or core parts
    • B28B21/30—Centrifugal moulding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B21/00—Methods or machines specially adapted for the production of tubular articles
    • B28B21/56—Methods or machines specially adapted for the production of tubular articles incorporating reinforcements or inserts
    • B28B21/60—Methods or machines specially adapted for the production of tubular articles incorporating reinforcements or inserts prestressed reinforcements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
    • B28B23/005—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects with anchoring or fastening elements for the shaped articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
    • B28B23/02—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members
    • B28B23/04—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members the elements being stressed
    • B28B23/10—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members the elements being stressed the shaping being effected by centrifugal or rotational moulding
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/30—Columns; Pillars; Struts
    • E04C3/34—Columns; Pillars; Struts of concrete other stone-like material, with or without permanent form elements, with or without internal or external reinforcement, e.g. metal coverings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
    • E04C5/06—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of high bending resistance, i.e. of essentially three-dimensional extent, e.g. lattice girders
    • E04C5/0604—Prismatic or cylindrical reinforcement cages composed of longitudinal bars and open or closed stirrup rods
    • E04C5/0618—Closed cages with spiral- or coil-shaped stirrup rod
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
    • E04C5/06—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of high bending resistance, i.e. of essentially three-dimensional extent, e.g. lattice girders
    • E04C5/0627—Three-dimensional reinforcements composed of a prefabricated reinforcing mat combined with reinforcing elements protruding out of the plane of the mat
    • E04C5/0631—Reinforcing mats combined with separate prefabricated reinforcement cages or girders
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/08—Members specially adapted to be used in prestressed constructions
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/08—Members specially adapted to be used in prestressed constructions
    • E04C5/12—Anchoring devices
    • E04C5/122—Anchoring devices the tensile members are anchored by wedge-action
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/16—Auxiliary parts for reinforcements, e.g. connectors, spacers, stirrups
    • E04C5/162—Connectors or means for connecting parts for reinforcements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2300/00—Materials
    • E02D2300/0026—Metals
    • E02D2300/0029—Steel; Iron
    • E02D2300/0034—Steel; Iron in wire form

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of pile foundation engineering of various building structural systems, in particular to a pretensioned centrifugal concrete pile with steel strands.
  • pile foundation engineering Various types of building structures generally involve pile foundation engineering.
  • the existing products used in pile foundation engineering in the market are bored piles, prestressed centrifugal concrete pipe piles (including pipe piles, square piles), but Under the current economic development level and construction technology conditions, the field of architectural design has entered a new stage of development, and the requirements for pile foundations are also constantly improving.
  • the technical performance of existing products cannot meet the needs of the rapidly developing construction market. Highlights a number of serious technical flaws.
  • prestressed centrifugal concrete piles began in the 1960s.
  • the prestressed main ribs of centrifugal concrete piles mainly used high-strength steel wires.
  • the concrete gripping force is insufficient.
  • Various technical indicators cannot meet the needs of the building.
  • prestressed centrifugal concrete piles began to use prestressed concrete steel bars as the main reinforcement. Because of its prefabrication, the production efficiency is high, the strength of the main reinforcement is relatively high, the concrete strength is high, the construction is convenient, and the cycle is fast.
  • the steel bar has high brittleness and low tensile strength (the tensile strength design value is 1000 MPa, and the highest tensile strength is 1420 MPa).
  • the technology of steel rod hoe should be used to heat the steel rod out of a mushroom-shaped head, so as to facilitate the hoe and the end plate of the pile.
  • the board is stuck for prestressed tensioning, but the strength of the head part is damaged and the material is damaged due to the enthalpy of the steel rod.
  • the tension cannot be combined with the end.
  • the plate is fully contacted, causing partial damage of the end plate; the steel bar is not controlled enough by the cutting precision, resulting in different lengths of the steel bar, and the phenomenon of uneven stress or even breaking during the tensioning process; in addition, the steel cage is welded and formed, The steel bar is damaged due to high temperature welding.
  • the bored pile is completed by on-site pouring.
  • the production process is to first drill a pile hole in the construction site and then put the steel cage into the pile hole. Then, the concrete is poured into the hole, and after being formed for a long time, the natural curing can be used after reaching a certain strength.
  • the pile has strong vitality due to its high bearing capacity and adaptability to complex geology.
  • the cast-in-place pile needs to be treated with externally pumped mud during production and construction, and the environmental pollution is quite serious. It is less used; in addition, it is easy to collapse the hole wall and break the pile interlayer during the pile-forming process.
  • the tension can only be controlled by the low tensile strength of the steel bar, and the high tensile strength performance of the steel strand does not play.
  • the steel strand is equivalent to the role played by the steel rod, and does not achieve the high tensile strength properties of the steel strand, such as the tensile strength of the steel strand as the control standard, At the same time, when the whole tension is pulled, the steel rod will break and break.
  • the patent does not disclose how to connect, fix and tension steel strands in the pre-tensioned centrifugal concrete piles. Therefore, the patented technology has practical practical value and operability in the pile foundation engineering.
  • the patent application also does not disclose how to realize the connection and anchoring of the steel strand and the end plate in the pre-tensioned centrifugal concrete pile and the specific production method thereof, and for the ordinary technicians in the field of concrete pile manufacturing, because the industry span is large
  • the protruding anchor is easy to be broken during the construction pile driving process, so that the pile prestress is damaged and the technical performance such as bending and shear resistance is degraded.
  • centrifugal concrete piles and bored piles which are widely used on the market, are not able to meet the needs of the current pile foundation engineering, and the steel strands are used as the pretensioning method of the main reinforcement.
  • Centrifugal concrete piles are still only a technical idea. Because steel strands are made of stranded steel wires, they are not easy to weld and are not easy to be entangled. It is not easy to achieve solid and fixed connection with end plates or tension plates and anchor plates.
  • Pre-tensioned centrifugal concrete pile How to connect and fix steel strands and how to stretch steel strands is the key to the manufacture of pre-tensioned centrifugal concrete piles with steel lines. However, there are no main reinforcements with practical value at home and abroad. The appearance of centrifugal concrete piles for steel strands.
  • the first technical problem to be solved by the present invention is a pretensioned centrifugal concrete pile with steel strands provided for the above-mentioned prior art deficiencies, which overcomes the connection and fixation of steel strands in pre-tensioned centrifugal concrete piles.
  • the problem makes the centrifugal concrete pile make the inner main ribs steel strands possible and has practical application value, which greatly improves the technical performance of the centrifugal concrete piles in bending, shearing and tensile strength.
  • the pretensioned centrifugal concrete pile with steel strands comprising a hollow concrete pile body, a steel cage located in the concrete pile body, and the steel cage includes an axial arrangement
  • the clip-type structure is connected, that is, a plurality of tapered holes which are gradually enlarged from the inner to the outer diameter are formed on the end plate of the block, and the tapered holes are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the steel strands, and a plurality of pieces are placed in each of the tapered holes.
  • each clip is provided with a latching piece, and the plurality of clips are combined to form a collet assembly for clamping a steel wire, and an outer peripheral surface of the collet assembly is formed to match the tapered hole Conical surface, the center of the collet assembly forms an internal perforation, each of the steel strands passing through the internal perforation in the corresponding collet assembly and being locked by the internal perforation, the outer end surface of the collet assembly and the end plate
  • the outer end surface is flush or slightly lower; the end plate is also provided with a plurality of connections for connecting Threaded holes.
  • the “multiple pieces” in the above-mentioned plurality of clips are two pieces and two or more pieces.
  • a pretensioned centrifugal concrete pile with steel strands comprising a hollow concrete pile body and a steel cage located in the concrete pile body, the steel cage comprising an axially arranged prestressed main rib and a stirrup wound around the main rib And an end plate located at an end of the pile body, wherein: the prestressed main rib is a steel strand, and at least one of the end plates and the steel strand is connected by a second clip type structure, that is, the end plate of the block is opened a counterbore, wherein each of the counterbore is provided with a transition member having a shape matching the counterbore, the front end of the transition member having an annular shoulder portion that sinks in the large hole portion of the counterbore, and the transition member has an inner to outer aperture a gradually expanding transitional conical hole, the transitional conical hole is arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the steel strand, and each of the transitional conical holes is provided with a plurality of clips, and the inner surface
  • each of the above chuck assemblies consists of three sheets of said clips. It has been proved by experiments that each collet assembly consists of three clips with better indexes, and the steel strands and the tapered holes are positioned most securely. Of course, in practice, the chuck assembly has a good effect from the two clips.
  • the outer periphery of the collet assembly is provided with an annular groove in which a hoop for holding a plurality of clips is placed.
  • the ferrule can be a wire ring or a rubber ring, and the ferrule can make the chuck assembly composed of a plurality of clips more secure.
  • the two end plates and the steel strands are connected by the first clip type structure or the second clip type structure, so that both ends of the steel strand can be firmly connected with the end plate through the clip structure; It is also possible that only one end plate and the steel strand are connected by a clip structure, and the other end of the concrete pile may have no end plate. In the production, the steel strand at the other end may be connected and fixed by other means to realize production.
  • a second technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing a pretensioned centrifugal concrete pile having a steel strand as claimed in the preceding claims, characterized in that the manufacturing method comprises the following steps
  • each steel strand on the steel cage is connected and fixed to the end plate through a tapered hole in the tapered hole on the end plate or the transitional tapered hole on the transition member;
  • the end plate of one end of the steel cage is fixedly connected with the anchor plate by bolts, or the end of the steel cage is not provided with an end plate, and the steel strand of the end is connected and fixed by other means, for example, by using the above-mentioned clip anchor.
  • the steel strand wire is fixedly connected to the end plate of the other end of the steel cage by bolts, and the steel cage with the tension plate is placed in the lower mold half, and the tension plate is located in the cavity of the lower mold half.
  • the anchoring plate is attached to the outer end surface of the lower mold half;
  • the manufacturing method is an integral tension type, which enables the manufacture of the above-mentioned pretensioned centrifugal concrete pile, and the method can form good jointability between the steps, the manufacturing process is simple and smooth, and the manufacturing cost is low.
  • the order of the foregoing steps 5 and 6 can be reversed.
  • the tension in the above step 6 requires the use of a support plate, a screw and a lock nut, the support plate being fitted to the other end surface of the mold, the tension plate being connected to the screw, and the screw portion of the screw passing through the support plate
  • the upper perforation, the lock nut is screwed on the threaded rod portion of the screw and located outside the support plate, and then the screw is pulled to pull the tension plate, the end plate and the steel strand, and the steel strand is stretched to a prescribed value. Then lock with a lock nut.
  • the tension plate and the screw may be connected by the following structure, the tension plate is provided with a counterbore, and the screw portion of the screw passes through the counterbore of the tension plate from the inside of the steel cage and then passes through the perforation on the support plate. The head of the screw sinks into the large hole portion of the counterbore on the tension plate.
  • the tension in the above steps requires the use of a support plate, a screw and a lock nut, the support plate being fitted to the other end surface of the mold, the tension plate having a counterbore, and the screw portion of the screw passing through the sheet
  • the counterbore on the pull plate passes through the through hole on the support plate, and the head of the screw sinks in the large hole portion of the counterbore on the tension plate, and the lock nut is screwed on the threaded rod portion of the screw It is located on the outside of the support plate, and then pulls the screw to pull the tension plate, the end plate and the steel strand, and stretches the steel strand to the specified value and then locks it with the lock nut.
  • the steel strands pass through the perforations, and when pre-tensioning, the head of the penetrating jack passes through the perforations on the anchor plate and against the outer end surface of the clip assembly, and the steel strand passes through the head of the piercing jack
  • the part is connected to the traction part of the piercing jack, and the traction part of the piercing jack pulls the steel strand to pre-tension and stretch the steel strand to a specified value, so that the strand is deformed and then unwound.
  • the steel strand retracts under the action of its own deformation retracting force, and at the same time drives the clip assembly to retract in the small aperture direction of the tapered hole or the transitional tapered hole to connect the collet assembly with the tapered hole or the transition cone
  • the hole is firmly fixed, and the inner perforation in the collet assembly is further tightened and the steel strand is clamped; after step 9, step 10 is added, and the steel strand of the outer end plate is cut and polished to make the steel strand
  • the line does not expose the outer end surface of the end plate.
  • the main ribs are all made of steel strands, so that the tensile strength of the main ribs is consistent, and the overall performance of the pile is greatly increased;
  • the steel strand is fixed by the collet assembly composed of the clip and the tapered hole in the end plate; the whole tensioning method is combined with the pre-tensioning of the single steel strand, and the pre-tensioning can be used when pre-tensioning
  • the jack bears against the outer end surface of the collet assembly, and allows the steel strand to pass through the inner perforation, and the steel strand is pulled outward through the traction portion of the through jack, and the steel strand is loosened and retracted after the core jack is removed.
  • the retraction of the steel strand drives the collet assembly to retract in a small aperture direction of the tapered hole to firmly fix the collet assembly and the conical hole, and further tighten and lock the inner perforation in the collet assembly Steel strand, then pull the screw to pull the whole tension, pull to the specified value lock nut, and then centrifuge, after the molding is completed, remove the anchor plate and the tension plate, release the steel strand, and finally cut out
  • the steel strand of the end plate is polished and the finished centrifugal concrete pile has no anchor part protruding from the end plate, and is a practical centrifugal concrete pile with steel strand, and the steel in the centrifugal concrete pile
  • the connection and locking of the strands are simple and reasonable. Easy operation and low cost, so that the applied centrifugal concrete pile strand is achieved and real value of industrial applications;
  • the centrifugal concrete pile of the invention adopts the steel strand with high performance, so that the bending, shearing and tensile properties of the centrifugal concrete pile are greatly improved.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural view of a first embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is an enlarged view of A of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is a side elevational view of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a perspective view showing the structure of a collet assembly in accordance with two embodiments of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is an exploded perspective view of a collet assembly in accordance with two embodiments of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural view of a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is an enlarged view of a portion C of Figure 7;
  • Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along line D-D of Figure 7;
  • Figure 10 is a side view of a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view showing the manufacturing method of the pretensioned centrifugal concrete pile of the first embodiment (the upper mold half is removed);
  • Figure 12 is an enlarged view of E of Figure 11;
  • Figure 13 is a schematic view showing the manufacturing method of the pretensioned centrifugal concrete pile of the second embodiment (the upper mold half is removed);
  • Figure 14 is an enlarged view of the portion F of Figure 13;
  • Fig. 15 is a perspective view showing the structure of a mold for manufacturing the above-described pretensioned centrifugal concrete pile.
  • a pretensioned centrifugal concrete pile having a steel strand comprising a hollow concrete pile body 1. a steel cage located in the concrete pile body 1.
  • the concrete pile body 1 may be a circular pile, or may be a square pile or a polygonal pile.
  • the steel cage comprises an axially arranged prestressed main rib and a stirrup 4 wound around the main rib.
  • the prestressed main rib is a steel strand 3, and the fixing between the stirrup 4 and the steel strand 3 can be manually tied or used.
  • the automatic binding machine is ligated or fixed by other mechanical means, and the concrete pile body 1 can also be axially arranged with non-prestressed steel bars, anchoring ribs and pile ferrules, which are conventional designs of centrifugal concrete piles.
  • each of the collet assemblies 6 consists of three sheets of said clips 5.
  • the outer periphery of the collet assembly 6 composed of a plurality of clips 5 is provided with an annular groove 63 in which a steel ring 64 for holding a plurality of clips 5 is placed.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the collet assembly 6 forms a conical surface 61 matching the outer shape of the tapered hole 21.
  • the center of the collet assembly 6 forms an inner perforation 62, and each of the steel strands 3 passes through the inner portion of the corresponding collet assembly.
  • the perforation 62 after the steel strand 3 is stretched and relaxed, the retraction of the steel strand 3 causes the steel strand 3 and the inner perforation 62 in the collet assembly to be gripped and stuck. At the same time, the retraction of the strand 3 also causes the collet assembly 6 to retract toward the small bore of the tapered bore 21 to securely secure the collet assembly 6 to the tapered bore 21.
  • the outer end surface of the collet assembly 6 is flush with or slightly lower than the outer end surface of the end plate 2.
  • the end plate 2 is also provided with a plurality of threaded connecting holes 22 for connecting with the anchoring plate or the tensioning plate.
  • the main ribs are all made of steel strands 3, and the steel strands 3 are fixed by the collet assembly 6 composed of the clips 5 and the tapered holes 21 in the end plates 2.
  • the hydraulic jacks are used to press the support plates, and then When the tension plate is pulled by the screw and pulled to the specified value, the nut is locked.
  • the hole 21 is firmly fixed, and the inner perforation 62 in the collet assembly 6 is further tightened and the steel strand 3 is clamped, and then the whole tension is pulled, centrifugal molding is performed, and the anchor plate and the tension plate are removed after the molding is completed. , the steel strand 3 is released, and finally the steel strand 3 of the end plate 2 is exposed and polished, and finished.
  • the centrifugal concrete pile has no anchor part protruding from the end plate, and is a practical centrifugal concrete pile with steel strands, and the connection and locking manner of the steel strand in the centrifugal concrete pile is simple and reasonable, and the operation is convenient and
  • the low cost enables the use of steel strands for centrifugal concrete piles and has practical value for industrial use;
  • the centrifugal concrete piles of the present invention are made of steel strands with high performance, so that they are resistant to bending, shearing and resistance. Pull performance is greatly improved.
  • the difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that the two end plates 2 and the steel strands 3 are connected by a second clip type, that is, a plurality of counterbore 23 are opened on the two end plates 2, respectively.
  • a transition member 7 having a shape matching the counterbore 23 is placed in the counterbore 23, and the front end of the transition member 7 has an annular shoulder 71 that sinks in the large hole portion of the counterbore 23, and the transition member 7 has an inner to outer aperture.
  • each of the transitional conical holes 72 is provided with a plurality of clips 5, and the inner surface of each clip 5 is provided with a card
  • the teeth 51, the plurality of clips 5 are joined together to form a collet assembly 6, the outer peripheral surface of which forms a conical surface 61 matching the outer shape of the transitional conical aperture 72, and the center of the collet assembly 6 forms an internal perforation 62
  • each steel strand 3 passes through the internal perforation 62 in the corresponding collet assembly, after the steel strand 3 is stretched and relaxed, the retraction of the strand 3 causes the strand 3 and the collet assembly
  • the inner perforation 62 is gripped and stuck, and the retraction of the strand 3 also drives the collet assembly 6 to retract toward the small aperture of the transitional conical aperture 72 to connect the collet assembly 6 with the transition cone Firmly fixing holes 72, also driven
  • the main ribs are all made of steel strands 3, and the steel strands 3 are fixed by the collet assembly 6 composed of the clips 5 and the transitional tapered holes 72 in the end plates 2.
  • the hydraulic jacks are used to press the support plates. Then pull the tension plate through the screw and pull the nut to the specified value.
  • This is the conventional tensioning method of the centrifugal pile; when the whole tension is adopted
  • the outer end surface of the chuck assembly 6 can be pressed by the through-heart jack and the steel strand 3 can be passed through the internal tooth.
  • the hole 62 is externally pulled through the traction portion of the through jack, the steel strand 3 is loosened and retracted after the core jack is removed, and the retraction of the steel strand 3 drives the collet assembly 6 toward the transition cone
  • the small aperture direction of the hole 72 is retracted to firmly fix the collet assembly 6 and the transitional conical hole 72, and the inner perforation 62 in the collet assembly is further tightened and the steel strand 3 is struck, and the steel strand is
  • the retraction of 3 also drives the transition member 7 to move back so that the annular shoulder portion 71 on the transition member 7 is tightly coupled with the bottom surface of the large hole portion of the counterbore 23, and then is integrally stretched, centrifugally molded, and unloaded after molding is completed.
  • centrifugal concrete pile with steel strands, and the connection of steel strands in the centrifugal concrete pile The locking method is simple and reasonable, the operation is convenient and the cost is low, so that the application of the steel strand to the centrifugal concrete pile can be realized and has practical value in industrial application; the centrifugal concrete pile of the invention adopts the steel strand with high performance, so that The bending, shearing and tensile properties are greatly improved.
  • the centrifugal concrete pile with steel strand mentioned in the present invention can be used as a rod body of a utility pole, or can be used as a ground support rod in a telecommunication base station or a wind power generation system, and can also be used as a support for other ground engineering, and the range is extremely high. wide.
  • a method of manufacturing a pretensioned centrifugal concrete pile having a steel strand as claimed in the preceding claims comprises the following steps:
  • each steel strand 3 on the reinforcing cage is connected and fixed to the end plate 2 through a tapered hole 21 located in the end plate or a clip assembly 6 in the transitional tapered hole 72 on the transition member.
  • the end plate 2 at one end of the reinforcing cage is fixedly connected to the anchoring plate 8 by bolts 14, and the end plate 2 at the other end of the reinforcing cage is fixedly connected with the tensioning plate 10 by bolts, and the tensioning plate 10 is attached.
  • the reinforcing cage is placed in the lower mold half 9a, the tensioning plate 10 is located in the cavity of the lower mold half 9a, and the anchoring plate 8 is fitted to the outer end surface of the lower mold half 9a;
  • the tension in step 6 requires the use of the support plate 11, the screw 12 and the lock nut 13, the support plate 11 and the mold One end surface is fitted, and the tension plate 81 is opened on the tension plate 8.
  • the screw portion of the screw 12 passes through the counterbore 81 of the tension plate and then passes through the through hole on the support plate 11, and the head of the screw 12 sinks.
  • the lock nut 13 is screwed on the threaded rod portion of the screw 12 and located outside the support plate 11, and then the screw 12 is pulled to pull the tension plate 8, the end plate and the steel.
  • the strand 3 is stretched to a predetermined value by the strand 3 and then locked by a lock nut 13.
  • a pre-tensioning step for each steel line is added between step 6 and step 5, which is an optional step, and the anchoring plate 8 is provided with a perforation 81 corresponding to the clip assembly 6 in one-to-one correspondence, the steel strand 3, through the perforation 81, when pre-tensioning, the head of the piercing jack 15 is passed through the perforation 81 on the anchoring plate 8 and against the outer end of the clip assembly 6, and the strand 3 passes through the piercing jack 15 The head is connected to the traction portion of the piercing jack 15, and the traction portion of the piercing jack 15 is not shown in the drawing.

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Abstract

一种具有钢绞线的先张法离心混凝土桩，包括混凝土桩体（1）、钢筋笼，钢筋笼包括预应力主筋、箍筋（4）及端板（2），预应力主筋为钢绞线（3），各端板（2）上开有数个由内至外孔径逐渐扩大的锥形孔（21），锥形孔（21）内放置有多片夹片（5），夹片（5）的内表面设有卡齿（51），多片夹片（5）拼合形成用以卡箍钢绞线（3）的夹头组件（6），夹头组件（6）的外周面形成与锥形孔（21）相配的锥体面（61），夹头组件（6）的中心形成内齿孔（62），钢绞线（3）穿过内齿孔（62）并被内齿孔（62）锁紧。还提供一种具有钢绞线的先张法离心混凝土桩的制造方法。

Description

一种具有钢绞线的先张法离心混凝土桩及制造方法 技术领域
本发明涉及各类建筑结构体系的桩基基础工程的技术领域，尤其涉及一种具有钢绞线的先张法离心混凝土桩。
背景技术
各类建筑结构一般都涉及到桩基基础工程，现有市场上运用于桩基基础工程比较多的产品有钻孔灌注桩、预应力离心混凝土管桩(包括管桩、方桩)，但在目前经济发展水平及建筑技术条件下，建筑设计领域已经进入了新的发展阶段，对桩基基础的要求也在不断提高，现有产品的技术性能已无法满足快速发展的建筑市场的需要，并凸显出诸多严重的技术缺陷。
预应力离心混凝土桩研制、生产始于上世纪60年代，开始时离心混凝土桩预应力主筋主要采用高强钢丝，但高强钢丝由于直径小且圆周是光面，存在与混凝土握裹力不足的缺陷，各项技术指标无法满足建筑需要。到了上世纪80年代，预应力离心混凝土桩开始采用预应力混凝土用钢棒作为主筋，因其系工厂预制，生产效率高，主筋强度相对较高，混凝土强度高、施工便捷、周期较快等优点而为建筑领域大量、广泛采用并一直延续使用至今，在目前传统桩基础工程中占据主导地位。但是在生产使用过程中，主筋采用钢棒的离心混凝土桩存在较多问题，如钢棒脆性较大，其抗拉强度低(其抗拉强度设计值为1000MPa，抗拉强度最高值为1420MPa)，无法满足目前建筑技术要求；生产中为了便于拉伸，须采用钢棒镦头的技术，将钢棒热镦出一个蘑菇状的头，以便于将该镦头与桩体端板、张拉板卡住进行预应力张拉，但由于热镦该钢棒的镦头会导致墩头部位的强度受损及材质受损：同时，由于钢棒墩头精度不一致，张拉时无法与端板充分接触，造成端板局部破坏；钢棒由于切割精度控制不够，导致钢棒长度不一，张拉过程中会出现应力不均匀，甚至拉断的现象；另外，钢筋笼系焊接成型的，钢棒由于高温烧焊而导致材质损伤。上述种种缺陷，导致现有的主筋采用预应力混凝土用钢棒的离心混凝土桩的抗弯、抗剪等技术性能明显不足。工程应用中，由于地震、台风和其他不确定因素会引起建筑物桩基基础上部产生较大的弯矩和水平力，道路桥梁或铁道桥梁也会因为运输车辆的动荷载而产生较大的弯矩和水平力。当上述传统的离心混凝土桩用于上述工程时，往往因为抗弯和抗剪性能不足而无法使用，在高层建筑中表现的尤其严重。此外，在基坑围护、边坡支护等工程中，普通离心混凝土桩同样因为抗弯和抗剪性能不足无法规模化应用。出于安全性考虑，我国很多地区近年已开始禁止在某些桩基基础工程 中使用离心混凝土桩。
钻孔灌注桩作为另一种广泛应用于建筑桩基基础工程领域的桩体，其制作系现场浇筑完成，其制作工序是先在工地钻取一个桩孔，然后将钢筋笼放入桩孔中，再向孔中灌注混凝土，待成型后自然养护很长时间达到一定强度后即可使用。这种桩体因其具有高的承载力和能适应复杂地质而有较强的生命力，但是这种灌注桩在制作施工时需要处理外抽的泥浆，环境污染相当严重，国外的城市建设中已经较少采用；另外灌注桩成桩过程中容易孔壁坍塌、断桩夹层，如遇溶泂或空泂，更将造成人量混凝土浪费；而且其工程造价较高，对建筑成本影响较大；因其系现场浇筑制作完成且需长时间自然养护，不能实现工厂化生产，因而效率低，工期长。
因钢绞线的抗拉强度高(其抗拉强度设计值为1320MPa，抗拉强度最高可达1960MPa)，近年来，我国企业和科研机构也对钢绞线应用于离心混凝土桩进行了大量研究，但至今未出现有实用价值的技术方案。如一专利号为ZL201220538453.6(公告号为CN202865836U)的中国实用新型专利《一种配有钢绞线的管桩钢筋笼》披露了这样一种钢筋笼，其钢绞线与预应力钢棒配台使用，出于钢棒与钢绞线存在抗拉强度差，在同时施加整体预应力时，只能以钢棒的低抗拉强度控制张拉，钢绞线的高抗拉强度性能发挥不出来，故在该专利中，钢绞线等同于钢棒所起的作用，并未实现钢绞线所应有的高抗拉强度性能，如以钢绞线的抗拉强度作为控制标准，在同时整体张拉时，钢棒就会拉断破坏。另外，该专利并未披露先张法离心混凝土桩中如何具体的连接、固定、张拉钢绞线，所以该专利技术在桩基础工程中基本不具有现实的实用价值和可操作性。
又如一申请号为CN200510050212.1(公告号为CN1687534A)的中国发明专利申请《先张法钢绞线预应力混凝土管桩》披露了这样一种具有钢绞线的混凝土管桩，其预应力主筋采用钢绞线，端板上有拉伸孔，钢绞线穿过拉伸孔制成锚具。但该专利申请也未披露先张法离心混凝土桩中如何具体实现钢绞线与端板的连接和锚固及其具体生产方法，而对于混凝土桩制造领域的普通技术人员而言，因为行业跨度大，一般也无从知晓如何将钢绞线应用于先张法离心混凝土桩的生产中；另外，根据其描述的技术方案及该专利申请的附图显示，其成型后的桩体端面有突出的锚具，使得接桩不可能实现，该突出的锚具在施工打桩过程中容易被打破，从而使桩身预应力遭到破坏并减损其抗弯、抗剪等技术性能。所以，按其披露的技术方案无法生产，即便生产出来了也根本无法实用于桩基工程，该专利仅仅从理论上提出了将钢绞线运用于先张法离心混凝土桩的概括性的技术构想，但无法应用于现实生产及施工中。
由上可以看出，目前市场上大量使用的主筋为钢棒的预应力离心混凝土桩及钻孔灌注桩均已不能满足当前桩基基础工程的需要，而采用钢绞线作为主筋的先张法离心混凝土桩目前还仅仅是一种技术构想，由于钢绞线系由多根钢丝绞合而成，不易焊接，不易缠绕，其本身不易实现与端板或张拉板、锚固板的牢靠固定，故在先张法离心混凝土桩 中如何将钢绞线连接、固定及如何对钢绞线进行张拉是实现制造具有钢纹线的先张法离心混凝土桩的关键，但时至今日，国内外尚无具有建筑实用价值的主筋为钢绞线的离心混凝土桩的出现。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的第一个技术问题是针对上述现有技术不足而提供的一种具有钢绞线的先张法离心混凝土桩，其克服钢绞线在先张法离心混凝土桩中的连接固定问题，使得离心混凝土桩使内部的主筋采用钢绞线成为可能并具有现实应用价值，大幅提高离心混凝土桩的抗弯、抗剪、抗拉等技术性能。
本发明解决上述第一个技术问题所采用的技术方案为：该具有钢绞线的先张法离心混凝土桩，包括中空的混凝土桩体、位于混凝土桩体内的钢筋笼，钢筋笼包括轴向布置的预应力主筋、绕置在所述主筋外的箍筋及位于桩体端部的端板，其特征在于：所述预应力主筋为钢绞线，至少一块端板与钢绞线采用第一夹片式结构连接，即在该块端板上开有数个由内至外孔径逐渐扩大的锥形孔，锥形孔与钢绞线一一对应设置，每个锥形孔内放置有多片夹片，各夹片的内表而设有卡齿，该多片夹片拼合形成用以卡箍钢纹线的夹头组件，该夹头组件的外周面形成与所述锥形孔相配的锥体面，夹头组件的中心形成内齿孔，所述各钢绞线均穿过相应夹头组件内的内齿孔并被内齿孔锁紧，夹头组件的外端面与所述端板的外端面齐平或略低；所述端板上还开有多个用以连接的螺纹连接孔。
上述的多片夹片中的“多片”即为二片及二片以上。
一种具有钢绞线的先张法离心混凝土桩，包括中空的混凝土桩体、位于混凝土桩体内的钢筋笼，钢筋笼包括轴向布置的预应力主筋、绕置在所述主筋外的箍筋及位于桩体端部的端板，其特征在于：所述预应力主筋为钢绞线，至少其中一块端板与钢绞线采用第二夹片式结构连接，即在该块端板开有数个沉孔，各沉孔内放置有外形与沉孔相配的过渡部件，过渡部件的前端具有沉于所述沉孔的大孔部内的环状挡肩部，过渡部件内具有由内至外孔径逐渐扩大的过渡锥形孔，过渡锥形孔与钢绞线一一对应设置，每个过渡锥形孔内放置有多片夹片，各夹片的内表面设有卡齿，该多片夹片拼合形成用以卡箍钢绞线的夹头组件，该夹头组件的外周面形成与所述过渡锥形孔相配的锥体面，夹头组件的中心形成内齿孔，所述各钢绞线均穿过相应夹头组件内的内齿孔并被内齿孔锁紧，夹头组件的外端面与所述端板的外端面齐平或略低；所述端板上还开有多个用以连接的螺纹连接孔。
其与上一种先张法离心混凝土桩不同点在于，其在端板内设置过渡部件，并在过渡部件上设置锥形孔，由于沉孔的加工相比锥形孔而言更方便，而在过渡部件上加工锥形孔相比在端盖上加工锥形孔更易实现，同时我们还可让过渡部件采用各项性能优于端板的材质制成，让钢绞线与端板的相对固定更为牢靠；所述端板上还开有多个用以与锚固 板、张拉板连接的螺纹连接孔。
上述每个夹头组件由三片所述夹片组成。经过试验证明，每个夹头组件由三片夹片组成其各项指标更佳，钢绞线与锥形孔的定位最为牢靠。当然在实践中夹头组件由二片夹片组其效果也不错，上述夹头组件的外周设有环形槽，该环形槽内放置有将多片夹片箍牢的箍圈。箍圈可以是钢丝圈或橡胶圈，设置箍圈能使多片夹片组成的夹头组件更为牢靠。
上述两块端板与钢绞线均采用所述第一夹片式结构连接或第二夹片式结构连接，这样钢绞线的两端均可通过夹片式结构与端板牢靠连接；当然也可以是只有一块端板与钢绞线采用夹片式结构连接，混凝土桩体的另一端可以没有端板，生产中该另一端的钢绞线可以采用其它方式连接、固定以实现生产。
本发明所要解决的第二个技术问题是提供一种制造如前述权利要求所述具有钢绞线的先张法离心混凝土桩的制造方法，其特征在于：所述制造方法包含以下步骤
(1)、钢绞线的定长切断；
(2)、制作钢筋笼；
(3)、让钢筋笼上每根钢绞线通过位于端板上的锥形孔或过渡部件上的过渡锥形孔内的夹片组件与端板连接固定；
(4)、将钢筋笼一端的端板通过螺栓与锚固板固定连接，或者，钢筋笼一端不设端板，该端的钢绞线采用其它方式连接、固定，譬如采用上述夹片式锚具固定钢绞线，将钢筋笼另一端的端板通过螺栓与张拉板固定连接，将该带有张拉板的钢筋笼置于下半模中，张拉板位于下半模的模腔中，锚固板与下半模的外端面贴合；
(5)、向下半模喂料，合上上半模；
(6)、张拉，在一端通过拉动张拉板对钢筋笼进行整体张拉，将钢绞线拉伸到规定的数值，同时带动夹片组件朝锥形孔或过渡锥形孔的小孔径方向回缩而将夹头组件与锥形孔或过渡锥形孔牢牢固定，并使夹头组件内的内齿孔进一步箍紧并卡死钢绞线；
(7)、离心成型；
(8)、蒸汽养护；
(9)、拆模，及拆去张拉板、锚固板与相应各端板的连接进行放张。
该制造方法为整体张拉式，使前述先张法离心混凝土桩的制造成为可能，该方法中各步骤之间能形成良好的衔接性，制造工艺简单且流畅，制造成本低。另外，前述步骤5、6的顺序可以调换。
上述步骤6中的张拉需要使用支撑板、螺杆和锁紧螺母，所述支撑板与模具另一侧端面贴合，所述张拉板与螺杆连接，所述螺杆的螺杆部穿过支撑板上的穿孔，所述锁紧螺母螺纹连接在螺杆的螺纹杆部上并位于支撑板外侧，再拉动螺杆进而拉动张拉板、端板及钢绞线，将钢绞线拉伸到规定的数值后用锁紧螺母锁紧。
张拉板与螺杆可以采用以下结构连接，上述张拉板上开有沉孔，所述螺杆的螺杆部从钢筋笼内部穿过张拉板上的沉孔后再穿过支撑板上的穿孔，所述螺杆的头部沉于张拉板上的沉孔的大孔部内。
上述步骤中的张拉需要使用支撑板、螺杆和锁紧螺母，所述支撑板与模具另一侧端面贴合，所述张拉板上开有沉孔，所述螺杆的螺杆部穿过张拉板上的沉孔后再穿过支撑板上的穿孔，所述螺杆的头部沉于张拉板上的沉孔的大孔部内，所述锁紧螺母螺纹连接在螺杆的螺纹杆部上并位于支撑板外侧，再拉动螺杆进而拉动张拉板、端板及钢绞线，将钢绞线拉伸到规定的数值后用锁紧螺母锁紧。
作为前述方法的优选，我们可在所述步骤6和步骤5之间增加对每根钢绞线进行预张拉步骤，其为可选择步骤，其在锚固板上开有与夹片组件一一对应的穿孔，钢绞线穿出穿孔，预张拉时，将穿心千斤顶的头部穿过锚固板上的穿孔并顶住夹片组件的外端面，钢绞线穿过穿心千斤顶的头部并与穿心千斤顶的牵引部分连接，穿心千斤顶的牵引部分抽拉钢绞线对该根钢绞线进行预张拉并拉伸到规定数值，使钢绞线发生形变，然后卸下穿心千斤顶，钢绞线在自身形变回缩力的作用下回缩，同时带动夹片组件朝锥形孔或过渡锥形孔的小孔径方向回缩而将夹头组件与锥形孔或过渡锥形孔牢牢固定，并使夹头组件内的内齿孔进一步箍紧并卡死钢绞线；在步骤9之后增加步骤10，将外露出端板的钢绞线切断并打磨，使钢绞线不外露出端板的外端面。
与现有技术相比，本先张法离心混凝土桩的优点在于：
主筋全部采用钢绞线，使得主筋的抗拉强度一致，桩体整体性能大增；
钢绞线通过夹片组成的夹头组件与端板内的锥形孔实现固定；采用整体张拉方式与单根钢绞线预张拉相结合的方式，当预张拉时，可用穿心千斤顶顶住夹头组件的外端面，并让钢绞线穿过内齿孔，在外部通过穿心千斤顶的牵引部分对钢绞线进行张拉，卸下穿心千斤顶后钢绞线放松回缩，钢绞线的回缩带动夹头组件朝锥形孔的小孔径方向回缩而将夹头组件与锥形孔牢牢固定，并使夹头组件内的内齿孔进一步箍紧并卡死钢绞线，然后拉动螺杆进行整体张拉，拉到规定数值锁紧螺母，然后再进行离心成型，成型完成后卸下锚固板和张拉板，对钢绞线进行放张，最后裁断外露出端板的钢绞线并进行打磨，制造完成的离心混凝土桩没有凸出端板的锚具部，是一种实际可行的具有钢绞线的离心混凝土桩，而且本离心混凝士桩中钢绞线的连接、锁紧方式简单合理、操作方便且成本低，使得钢绞线运用于离心混凝土桩得以实现并具有工业运用的实际价值；
本发明的离心混凝土桩因采用了性能极高的钢绞线，使得其抗弯、抗剪、抗拉性能大大提高。
附图说明
图1为本发明第一个实施例的结构示意图；
图2为图1的A处放大图；
图3为图1的B-B向剖视图；
图4为本发明第一个实施例的侧视图；
图5为本发明两个实施例中夹头组件的立体结构示意图；
图6为本发明两个实施例中夹头组件的立体分解图；
图7为本发明第二个实施例的结构示意图；
图8为图7的C处放大图；
图9为图7的D-D向剖视图；
图10为本发明第二个实施例的侧视图；
图11为制造前述第一个实施例的先张法离心混凝土桩的制造方法的示意图(去掉上半模)；
图12为图11的E处放大图；
图13为制造前述第二个实施例的先张法离心混凝土桩的制造方法的示意图(去掉上半模)；
图14为图13的F处放大图；
图15为制造前述先张法离心混凝土桩所用模具的立体结构示意图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述。
如图1～6所示，为本发明的第一个实施例。
一种具有钢绞线的先张法离心混凝土桩，包括中空的混凝土桩体1、位于混凝土桩体1内的钢筋笼，混凝土桩体1可以是圆形桩、也可以是方形桩、多边形桩及各种先张法预应力离心混凝土异型桩。钢筋笼包括轴向布置的预应力主筋及绕置在主筋外的箍筋4，预应力主筋为钢绞线3，箍筋4与钢绞线3之间的固定可以采用手工绑扎、也可以采用自动绑扎机绑扎或其他机械方式固定，混凝土桩体1还可以轴向布置有非预应力钢筋、锚固筋及桩套箍，其为离心混凝士桩的常规设计。
两块端板2与钢绞线3采用第一夹片式结构连接，即在两块端板2上开有数个由内至外孔径逐渐扩大的锥形孔21，锥形孔21与钢绞线3一一对应设置，每个锥形孔21内放置有多片夹片5，各夹片5的内表面设有卡齿51，该多片夹片5拼合形成夹头组件6，本实施例中每个夹头组件6由三片所述夹片5组成。由多片夹片5组成的夹头组件6的外周设有环形槽63，该环形槽63内放置有将多片夹片5箍牢的钢圈64。
该夹头组件6的外周面形成与所述锥形孔21外形相配的锥体面61，夹头组件6的中心形成内齿孔62，各钢绞线3均穿过相应夹头组件内的内齿孔62，在对钢绞线3进行张拉并放松后，钢绞线3的回缩使钢绞线3与夹头组件内的内齿孔62抓牢并卡死， 同时钢绞线3的回缩还带动夹头组件6朝锥形孔21的小孔径方向回缩而将夹头组件6与锥形孔21牢牢固定。夹头组件6的外端面与所述端板2的外端面齐平或略低
端板2上还开有多个用以与锚固板或张拉板连接的螺纹连接孔22。
主筋全部采用钢绞线3，钢绞线3通过夹片5组成的夹头组件6与端板2内的锥形孔21实现固定，采用整体张拉时，用液压千斤顶顶住支撑板，然后通过螺杆拉动张拉板，拉到规定的数值时，锁紧螺母，这是离心桩常规的张拉方式；当采用整体张拉与单根钢绞线预张拉相结合的方式时，对单根钢绞线预张拉时，可用穿心千斤顶顶住夹头组件6的外端面，并让钢绞线3穿过内齿孔62，在外部通过穿心千斤顶的牵引部分对钢绞线3进行张拉，卸下穿心千斤顶后钢绞线3放松回缩，钢绞线3的回缩带动夹头组件6朝锥形孔21的小孔径方向回缩而将夹头组件6与锥形孔21牢牢固定，并使夹头组件6内的内齿孔62进一步箍紧并卡死钢绞线3，然后进行整体张拉，进行离心成型，成型完成后卸下锚固板、张拉板，对钢绞线3进行放张，最后裁断外露出端板2的钢绞线3并进行打磨，制造完成的离心混凝土桩没有凸出端板的锚具部，是一种实际可行的具有钢绞线的离心混凝土桩，而且本离心混凝土桩中钢绞线的连接、锁紧方式简单合理、操作方便且成本低，使得钢绞线运用于离心混凝土桩得以实现并具有工业运用的实际价值；本发明的离心混凝上桩因采用了性能极高的钢绞线，使得其抗弯、抗剪、抗拉性能大大提高。
如图5～10所示，为本发明的第二个实施例。
本实施例和第一个实施例的不同点在于：两块端板2与钢绞线3采用第二夹片式缩构连接，即在两块端板2上开有数个沉孔23，各沉孔23内放置有外形与沉孔23相配的过渡部件7，过渡部件7的前端具有沉于沉孔23的大孔部内的环状挡肩部71，过渡部件7内具有由内至外孔径逐渐扩大的过渡锥形孔72，过渡锥形孔72与钢绞线3一一对应设置，每个过渡锥形孔72内放置有多片夹片5，各夹片5的内表面设有卡齿51，该多片夹片5拼合形成夹头组件6，该夹头组件6的外周面形成与所述过渡锥形孔72外形相配的锥体面61，夹头组件6的中心形成内齿孔62，各钢绞线3均穿过相应夹头组件内的内齿孔62，在对钢绞线3进行张拉并放松后，钢绞线3的回缩使钢绞线3与夹头组件内的内齿孔62抓牢并卡死，钢绞线3的回缩还带动夹头组件6朝过渡锥形孔72的小孔径方向回缩而将夹头组件6与过渡锥形孔72牢牢固定，同时还带动过渡部件7后移使过渡部件7上的环状挡肩部71与沉孔23的大孔部底面紧密结合。夹头组件6的外端面与所述端板的外端面齐平或略低
主筋全部采用钢绞线3，钢绞线3通过夹片5组成的夹头组件6与端板2内的过渡锥形孔72实现固定，采用整体张拉时，用液压千斤顶顶住支撑板，然后通过螺杆拉动张拉板，拉到规定的数值时，锁紧螺母，这是离心桩常规的张拉方式；当采用整体张拉 与单根钢绞线预张拉相结合的方式时，对单根钢绞线预张拉时，可用穿心千斤顶顶住夹头组件6的外端面，并让钢绞线3穿过内齿孔62，在外部通过穿心千斤顶的牵引部分对钢绞线3进行张拉，卸下穿心千斤顶后钢绞线3放松回缩，钢绞线3的回缩带动夹头组件6朝过渡锥形孔72的小孔径方向回缩而将夹头组件6与过渡锥形孔72牢牢固定，并使夹头组件内的内齿孔62进一步箍紧并卡死钢绞线3，钢绞线3的回缩同时还带动过渡部件7后移使过渡部件7上的环状挡肩部71与沉孔23的大孔部底面紧密结合，然后进行整体张拉，进行离心成型，成型完成后卸下锚固板、张拉板，对钢绞线3进行放张，最后裁断外露出端板2的钢绞线3并进行打磨，制造完成的离心混凝土桩没有凸出端板的锚具部，是一种实际可行的具有钢绞线的离心混凝土桩，而且本离心混凝土桩中钢绞线的连接、锁紧方式简单合理、操作方便且成本低，使得钢绞线运用于离心混凝土桩得以实现并具有工业运用的实际价值；本发明的离心混凝土桩因采用了性能极高的钢绞线，使得其抗弯、抗剪、抗拉性能大大提高。
本发明提及的具有钢绞线的离心混凝土桩可作为电线杆的杆体使用，也可作为电信基站、风力发电系统中的地上支撑杆使用，还可作为其他地面工程的支撑体，运用范围极广。
如图11～15所示，一种制造如前述权利要求所述具有钢绞线的先张法离心混凝土桩的制造方法，包含以下步骤：
(1)、钢绞线3的定长切断；
(2)、制作钢筋笼；
(3)、让钢筋笼上每根钢绞线3通过位于端板上的锥形孔21或过渡部件上的过渡锥形孔72内的夹片组件6与端板2连接固定。
(4)、将钢筋笼一端的端板2通过螺栓14与锚固板8固定连接，将钢筋笼另一端的端板2通过螺栓与张拉板10固定连接，将该带有张拉板10的钢筋笼置于下半模9a中，张拉板10位于下半模9a的模腔中，锚固板8与下半模9a的外端面贴合；
(5)、向下半模9a喂料，合上上半模9b；
(6)、张拉，在一端通过拉动张拉板10对钢筋笼进行整体张拉，将钢绞线3拉伸到规定的数值，同时带动夹片组件6朝锥形孔21或过渡锥形孔72的小孔径方向回缩而将夹头组件6与锥形孔21或过渡锥形孔72牢牢固定，并使夹头组件内的内齿孔62进一步箍紧并卡死钢绞线3；
(7)、离心成型；
(8)、蒸汽养护；
(9)、拆模，及拆去张拉板10、锚固板8与相应各端板2的连接进行放张。
步骤6中的张拉需要使用支撑板11、螺杆12和锁紧螺母13，支撑板11与模具另 一侧端面贴合，张拉板8上开有沉孔81，螺杆12的螺杆部穿过张拉板上的沉孔81后再穿过支撑板11上的穿孔，螺杆12的头部沉于张拉板10上的沉孔101的大孔部内，锁紧螺母13螺纹连接在螺杆12的螺纹杆部上并位于支撑板11外侧，再拉动螺杆12进而拉动张拉板8、端板及钢绞线3，将钢绞线3拉伸到规定的数值后用锁紧螺母13锁紧。
在步骤6和步骤5之间增加对每根钢纹线进行预张拉步骤，其为可选择步骤，其在锚固板8上开有与夹片组件6一一对应的穿孔81，钢绞线3穿出穿孔81，预张拉时，将穿心千斤顶15的头部穿过锚固板8上的穿孔81并顶住夹片组件6的外端而，钢绞线3穿过穿心千斤顶15的头部并与穿心千斤顶15的牵引部分连接，穿心千斤顶15的牵引部分在图纸中没有显示，其为穿心千斤顶的常规结构，穿心千斤顶15的牵引部分抽拉钢绞线3对该根钢绞线3进行预张拉并拉伸到规定数值，使钢绞线3发生形变，然后卸下穿心千斤顶15，钢绞线3在自身形变回缩力的作用下回缩，同时带动夹片组件6朝锥形孔21或过渡锥形孔72的小孔径方向回缩而将夹头组件6与锥形孔21或过渡锥形孔72牢牢固定，并使夹头组件内的内齿孔62进一步箍紧并卡死钢绞线3；在步骤9之后增加步骤10，将外露出端板2的钢绞线3切断并打磨，使钢绞线3不外露出端板2的外端面。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种具有钢绞线的先张法离心混凝土桩，包括中空的混凝土桩体(1)、位于混凝土桩体(1)内的钢筋笼，钢筋笼包括轴向布置的预应力主筋、绕置在所述主筋外的箍筋(4)及位于混凝土桩体(1)端部的端板(2)，其特征在于：所述预应力主筋为钢绞线(3)，至少一块端板(2)与钢绞线(3)采用第一夹片式结构连接，即在该块端板(2)上开有数个由内至外孔径逐渐扩大的锥形孔(21)，锥形孔(21)与钢绞线(3)一一对应设置，每个锥形孔(21)内放置有多片夹片(5)，各夹片(5)的内表面设有卡齿(51)，该多片夹片(5)拼合形成用以卡箍钢绞线(3)的夹头组件(6)，该夹头组件(6)的外周面形成与所述锥形孔(21)相配的锥体面(61)，夹头组件(6)的中心形成内齿孔(62)，所述各钢绞线(3)均穿过相应夹头组件内的内齿孔(62)并被内齿孔(62)锁紧，夹头组件(6)的外端面与所述端板(2)的外端面齐平或略低；所述端板(2)上还开有多个用以连接的螺纹连接孔(22)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的具有钢绞线的先张法离心混凝土桩，其特征在于：所述每个夹头组件(6)由三片所述夹片(5)组成；所述夹头组件(6)的外周设有环形槽(63)，该环形槽(63)内放置有将多片夹片(5)箍牢的箍圈(64).
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的具有钢绞线的先张法离心混凝土桩，其特征在于：所述两块端板(2)与钢绞线(3)均采用所述第一夹片式结构连接。
  4. 一种具有钢绞线的先张法离心混凝土桩，包括中空的混凝土桩体(1)、位于混凝土桩体(1)内的钢筋笼，钢筋笼包括轴向布置的预应力主筋、绕置在所述主筋外的箍筋(4)及位于混凝土桩体(1)端部的端板(2)，其特征在于：所述预应力主筋为钢绞线(3)，至少一块端板(2)与钢绞线(3)采用第二夹片式结构连接，即在该块端板(2)上开有数个沉孔(23)，各沉孔(23)内放置有外形与沉孔(23)相配的过渡部件(7)，过渡部件(7)的前端具有沉于所述沉孔(23)的大孔部内的环状挡肩部(71)，过渡部件(7)内具有由内至外孔径逐渐扩大的过渡锥形孔(72)，过渡锥形孔(72)与钢绞线(3)一一对应设置，每个过渡锥形孔(72)内放置有多片夹片(5)，各夹片(5)的内表面设有卡齿(51)，该多片夹片(5)拼合形成用以卡箍钢绞线(3)的夹头组件(6)，该夹头组件(6)的外周面形成与所述过渡锥形孔(72)相配的锥体面(61)，夹头组件(6)的中心形成内齿孔(62)，所述各钢绞线(3)均穿过相应夹头组件内的内齿孔(62)并被内齿孔(62)锁紧，夹头组件(6)的外端面与所述端板(2)的外端面齐平或略低；所述端板(2)上还开有多个用以连接的螺纹连接孔(22)。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的其有钢绞线的先张法离心混凝土桩，其特征在于；所述每个夹头组件(6)由三片所述夹片(5)组成；所述夹头组件(6)的外周设有环形槽(63)，该环形槽(63)内放置有将多片夹片(5)箍牢的箍圈(64)。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的具有钢绞线的先张法离心混凝土桩，其特征在于：所述两块端板(2)与钢绞线(3)均采用所述第二夹片式结构连接。
  7. 一种制造如前述权利要求所述具有钢绞线的先张法离心混凝土桩的制造方法， 其特征在于：所述制造方法包含以下步骤
    (1)、钢绞线(3)的定长切断；
    (2)、制作钢筋笼；
    (3)、让钢筋笼上每根钢绞线(3)通过位于端板上的锥形孔(21)或过渡部件上的过渡锥形孔(72)内的夹片组件(6)与端板(2)连接固定；
    (4)、将钢筋笼一端的端板(2)通过螺栓(14)与锚固板(8)固定连接，将钢筋笼另一端的端板(2)通过螺栓与张拉板(10)固定连接，将该带有张拉板(10)的钢筋笼置于下半模(9a)中，张拉板(10)位于下半模(9a)的模腔中，锚固板(8)与下半模(9a)的外端面贴合；
    (5)、向下半模(9a)喂料，合上上半模(9b)；
    (6)、张拉，在一端通过拉动张拉板(10)对钢筋笼进行整体张拉，将钢绞线(3)拉伸到规定的数值，同时带动夹片组件(6)朝锥形孔(21)或过渡锥形孔(72)的小孔径方向回缩而将夹头组件(6)与锥形孔(21)或过渡锥形孔(72)牢牢固定，并使夹头组件内的内齿孔(62)进一步箍紧并卡死钢绞线(3)；
    (7)、离心成型；
    (8)、蒸汽养护；
    (9)、拆模，及拆去张拉板(10)、锚固板(8)与相应各端板(2)的连接进行放张。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的制作方法，其特征在于：所述步骤6中的张拉需要使用支撑板(11)、螺杆(12)和锁紧螺母(13)，所述支撑板(11)与模具另一侧端面贴合，所述张拉板(10)与螺杆(12)连接，所述螺杆(12)的螺杆部穿过支撑板(11)上的穿孔，所述锁紧螺母(13)螺纹连接在螺杆(12)的螺纹杆部上并位于支撑板(11)外侧，再拉动螺杆(12)进而拉动张拉板(8)、端板及钢绞线(3)，将钢绞线(3)拉伸到规定的数值后用锁紧螺母(13)锁紧。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的制作方法，其特征在于：所述张拉板(10)上开有沉孔(81)，所述螺杆(12)的螺杆部从钢筋笼内部穿过张拉板上的沉孔(81)后再穿过支撑板(11)上的穿孔，所述螺杆(12)的头部沉于张拉板(10)上的沉孔(101)的大孔部内。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的制作方法，其特征在于；在所述步骤6和步骤5之间增加对每根钢绞线进行预张拉步骤，其在锚固板(8)上开有与夹片组件(6)一一对应的穿孔(81)，钢绞线(3)穿出穿孔(81)，预张拉时，将穿心千斤顶(15)的头部穿过锚固板(8)上的穿孔(81)并顶住夹片组件(6)的外端面，钢绞线(3)穿过穿心千斤顶(15)的头部并与穿心千斤顶(15)的牵引部分连接，穿心千斤顶(15)的牵引部分抽拉钢绞线(3)对该根钢绞线(3)进行预张拉并拉伸到规定数值，使钢绞线(3)发生形变，然后卸下穿心千斤顶(15)，钢绞线(3)在自身形变回缩力的作用下回缩，同时带动夹片组件(6)朝锥形孔(21)或过渡锥形孔(72)的小孔径方向回缩而将夹头组件(6)与锥形孔(21)或过渡锥形孔(72)牢牢固定，并使夹头组件内的内齿孔(62)进一步箍紧并卡死钢绞线(3)；在步骤9之后增加步骤10，将外露出端板(2)的钢绞线(3)切断并打磨，使钢绞线(3)不外露出端板(2)的外端面。
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