WO2016165412A1 - 端板、接桩机构、张拉钢筋笼的连接机构、混凝土桩及制造方法 - Google Patents

端板、接桩机构、张拉钢筋笼的连接机构、混凝土桩及制造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016165412A1
WO2016165412A1 PCT/CN2016/000194 CN2016000194W WO2016165412A1 WO 2016165412 A1 WO2016165412 A1 WO 2016165412A1 CN 2016000194 W CN2016000194 W CN 2016000194W WO 2016165412 A1 WO2016165412 A1 WO 2016165412A1
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Prior art keywords
plate
end plate
pile
tensioning
concrete pile
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PCT/CN2016/000194
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
俞向阳
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俞向阳
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Priority claimed from CN201510176770.6A external-priority patent/CN104818715B/zh
Application filed by 俞向阳 filed Critical 俞向阳
Publication of WO2016165412A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016165412A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22—Piles
    • E02D5/58—Prestressed concrete piles

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of pile foundation engineering of various building structural systems, in particular to an end plate for pretensioned prestressed concrete piles, a pile pile mechanism of concrete piles, and a reinforcing cage for tensioning concrete piles.
  • the end of the pile body of the concrete pile is generally provided with end plates, which can be divided into pipe piles, square piles, T-shaped piles, I-shaped piles, etc. according to the different cross-section of the piles of the concrete piles, and the end plates are mainly used for the piles.
  • Most of the existing piles of concrete piles are realized by hand-welded end plates. When the piles are piled, the end plates of two adjacent concrete piles are attached, and the end plates which are bonded to each other are welded together by welding.
  • the biggest advantage of welding method is that the cost is low, but the manual welding is subject to human factors and weather.
  • the welding quality is not stable enough. There is a safety hazard in the piles. After the piles and piles are welded, it needs to be naturally cooled 8 ⁇ 10. Only a minute can continue to sink, waste a lot of time and affect the efficiency of construction.
  • pre-stressed main rib is a pile structure of the concrete pile of the steel bar, including an inner hoop that is sleeved on the periphery of the pile joint portion of the two pre-fabricated piles to be piled, and an outer hoop that is sleeved and fastened to the outer periphery of the inner hoop.
  • the two or more curved members are spliced into one ring, and the inner ring of the inner hoop is provided with at least two radial convex rings, and each of the piled joints of the prefabricated piles is provided with a radial direction A groove that matches the raised ring.
  • the prestressed main ribs are all made of steel rods, and the end plates are provided with a plurality of connecting holes for fixing the steel rod pier heads, based on the standard and standard of the traditional prestressed concrete piles.
  • the end plate of the concrete pile has a relatively thin thickness, generally between 18 mm and 24 mm, so that the groove cannot be directly disposed on the periphery of the end plate body and can only be recessed and embedded.
  • the groove in the above utility model patent is disposed at the contact portion of the end plate and the pile body, that is, the groove is embedded in the concrete of the part of the pile body which is in contact with the end plate.
  • the groove is located in the concrete pile body at the pile receiving part, and the inner hoop and the diameter inserted into the groove when the pile body receives a large lateral shear force from the outside after the pile is taken.
  • the convex ring directly applies the force to the concrete of the pile body, so that the concrete of the pile body at the pile part or the groove part is easily broken and cracked, the performance of the pile body is lowered and the pile part is broken, which causes a safety hazard.
  • the pile structure of the above utility model patent needs to be composed of two major parts, an inner hoop and an outer hoop, and the cost of the pile is high, and the actual pile picking operation is also extremely troublesome. Therefore, the patent The disclosed technical solutions have serious defects, do not have practical implementation, and are rarely used in reality.
  • the end plate with the convex plate in the middle and an end plate with a concave groove in the middle that is, an end plate with a convex plate in the middle and an end plate with a concave groove in the middle, and the convex portion and the concave portion are respectively provided with a first groove and a second groove, and two pieces are taken when the pile is taken
  • the first groove and the second groove form an annular butt groove
  • the shearing member is inserted into the butt groove, and then sealed with a shear plug to complete the pile.
  • the end plate with the concave plate used in the pile-taking method not only functions as a connecting steel bar of the end plate but also functions as a pile, which makes the center hole in the concave plate and the center of the pile body The size of the round hole is the same.
  • the tensile strength design value is 1320MPa and the tensile strength is up to 1960MPa
  • Chinese enterprises and scientific research institutions have also carried out extensive research on the application of steel strands to centrifugal concrete piles.
  • the applicant has developed a variety of concrete piles with steel strands with practical application value.
  • the prestressed main ribs in the axial direction of the steel cages in the concrete piles are all steel strands.
  • the members are fixed to ensure the strength and various mechanical properties of the prestressed main ribs using the steel stranded concrete piles.
  • the prestressed main ribs are made of steel stranded concrete pile end plates and the traditional prestressed main ribs are made of steel rod concrete piles. Compared to the end plates, the thickness has increased, leaving room for more innovative designs on the end plates. Because of the various mechanical properties of the prestressed main ribs, the concrete piles with steel strands are extremely strong, and there is an urgent need for better end plate components and pile-joining mechanisms and connecting mechanisms.
  • the steel cage in the pipe pile mold needs to be prestressed and tensioned, and the connecting device and the connection method in the conventional tensioning process are generally Yes: the end plate at one end of the steel cage is fixedly connected to the anchor plate by bolts, and the end plate at the other end of the steel cage is fixedly connected with the tension plate by bolts, and the steel cage with the tension plate and the anchor plate is placed in the pipe.
  • the tension plate is located in the cavity of the pipe pile mold, the anchor plate is attached to the outer end surface of the pipe pile mold, the tension plate is provided with a counterbore, and the screw portion of the tension screw passes through the tension plate. After sinking the hole, it passes through the perforation on the support plate that is attached to the other end surface of the pipe pile mold, and the head of the tension screw sinks in the large hole portion of the counterbore on the tension plate, and the lock nut is screwed to the Zhang Pull the screw on the threaded rod and lay it on the outside of the support plate, then pull the tension screw to pull the tension plate, the end plate and the steel cage, and stretch the prestressed main reinforcement of the steel cage to the specified value and then lock it with the lock nut. .
  • the anchoring plate and the tensioning plate need to be fixed to the end plate through a plurality of bolts, and the threaded hole must be machined on the end plate, and the fixing process and the disassembling operation are time-consuming, and then there are The bolt loss of the pulling device is increased, which increases the manufacturing cost of the concrete pile.
  • the first technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an end plate of a concrete pile which is particularly suitable for the axial arrangement of the steel cage and which is made of a steel strand, and which is suitable for the axial arrangement of the steel cage, the end plate is Prestressed main ribs are made of steel stranded concrete piles for securely connecting piles and it is possible to stretch the steel cages with a simpler structure and method.
  • an end plate for mounting at an end of a concrete pile whose prestressed main rib is a steel strand comprising an end plate body, and the end plate body has a front end surface
  • the rear end body and the outer peripheral wall are provided with a plurality of locking holes for locking the steel strands, wherein the outer peripheral wall of the end plate body is provided with a U-shaped cross section.
  • the prestressed main rib is axially arranged in the concrete pile reinforcement cage and participates in the prestressing rib of the pretensioning force, which constitutes the main skeleton of the steel cage;
  • the front end surface refers to the exposed end of the end plate body to the concrete pile body That side, the rear end face refers to the other side of the end plate body that is opposite to the front end face and that is in contact with the concrete in the pile.
  • the steel strands can be firmly connected with the end plates through a special connecting structure.
  • the end plates of the steel strand concrete piles are prestressed with the same specifications.
  • the thickness of the traditional concrete pile is increased by more than 5mm; the thickness of the end plate is at least 25mm, generally between 25mm and 60mm. Therefore, this end plate allows us to have a cross section on the outer peripheral wall.
  • the U-shaped groove of the surface because the thickness of the end plate satisfies the condition, the thickness of the front and rear walls of the groove has sufficient tensile strength, which is to be adjacent by using a clamp member having a U-shaped cross section. It is possible to connect the end plates together to form a secure pile; it is also possible to stretch the steel cage with the aforementioned end plates by means of a U-shaped connecting hoop member in cross section.
  • the thicker end plate is an adjustment to the thickness of the end plate for better matching and adapting the prestressed main rib to the concrete pile of the steel strand, but the relative thickening of the end plate is not necessary for the technical solution of the present invention. Technical conditions and requirements.
  • the thinner end plates may be selected, and the U-shaped cross-section of the cross-section may be provided on the end plates, however, such end plates are The mechanical properties of all aspects are relatively poor, but as long as the different actual needs are met.
  • the radial width of the front wall of the aforementioned groove is smaller than the radial width of the rear wall of the groove.
  • the rear end of the end plate body has a raised convex portion.
  • the convex portion is located at the inner peripheral wall and the outer periphery of the end plate body. Between the walls, the keyhole extends through the raised portion.
  • the structure makes the hole depth of the locking hole on the end plate body larger, so that the steel strand is locked with the end plate body through the locking hole, and at the same time, because the entire end plate has only the thickness of the convex portion through which the locking hole penetrates.
  • the thickest, the other positions of the end plate are relatively thin, so as to ensure that the keyhole has sufficient depth, while reducing the end plate consumables as much as possible to reduce costs.
  • the lock hole is a tapered through hole, so that the clip assembly is more firmly matched with the lock hole, and the taper angle of the tapered through hole is 10 to 24°. This is because if the taper angle is too small, the steel strand is easily slipped when the tension is applied. If the taper angle is too large, the clip assembly is easily loosened after being loaded into the lock hole.
  • the end plate body is provided with a plurality of threaded connecting holes, and each of the threaded connecting holes also penetrates the protruding portion, so that other members can be more firmly connected to the end plate through the threaded connecting holes.
  • the second technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a pile-up mechanism capable of realizing a safer and firmer pile between the concrete piles of the prestressed main ribs and using the steel strands, and the pile operation is simpler and faster.
  • a pile mechanism comprising: an end plate according to any of the foregoing, for connecting two concrete piles whose ends are oppositely connected
  • Two clamping members of the end plates that are in contact with each other, the clamping members are snap-fitted with the grooves on the two end plate bodies that are in contact with each other, and the inner side walls of the clamping members are convex and spaced
  • the first insertion portion and the second insertion portion are respectively disposed, and the first insertion portion and the second insertion portion are respectively inserted into the fitting grooves on the two end plate bodies that are in contact with each other.
  • the clip member may be one, but preferably two or more, to facilitate the snap-fit mounting with the end plate, and each of the clip members is preferably spliced to each other to form a loop.
  • the picking mechanism mainly comprises the clamping of the clamping groove on the end plate of the clamping component, and connects the two end plate bodies in the adjacent two concrete piles which are in contact with each other, which is a mechanical connection manner, and the clamping component is mechanical
  • the quality of processing and manufacturing is guaranteed.
  • the connection effect is more reliable and the stability is higher.
  • the pile operation is simpler and faster, and it is not Affected by external factors such as weather and skill, compared with the existing mechanical locking method, the pile structure involves fewer components, simpler structure and lower cost, and the groove is arranged at the end of the pile.
  • the clamp member On the main body of the plate, when the pile is subjected to horizontal external force after the pile is taken, the clamp member directly exerts a force on the end plate body under the force state, instead of acting on the concrete of the pile body, thereby avoiding the pile concrete. Directly under the damage of external forces, the pile is more secure and the pile effect is better.
  • the first insertion portion and the second insertion portion are fitted to the groove to secure the connection between the end plates.
  • the front wall of the U-shaped groove has a radial width of at least 5 mm, that is, a U shape.
  • the minimum depth of the groove is 5mm or more.
  • the end plate body has a circular shape, and the clamp member has an arc shape.
  • the end plate structure is suitable for a prestressed concrete pipe pile, and the clamp member is preferably provided with two.
  • the end plate body has a square shape, and the clamp member has a linear shape.
  • the clamp member has four preferred ones, and the clamp member can also have an L shape.
  • the clamp member has two of the most Preferably, this end plate structure is suitable for prestressed concrete square piles.
  • the end plates are different according to the cross-sectional shape of the concrete piles, and can also be other shapes that are targeted, and it is preferable to satisfy the fact that the clamp members are connected to form a shape that fits the groove on the end plate body.
  • the third technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a connection mechanism for tensioning a concrete pile steel cage which adopts a steel strand as a prestressed main rib by a novel structure and can be reliably used.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above third technical problem is: a connecting mechanism for tensioning a concrete pile cage of a concrete pile, wherein the steel cage adopts a steel strand for its axially arranged prestressed main rib, including the reinforcing steel bar
  • a connecting hoop structure comprises a connecting groove provided on the anchoring plate or the tension plate and having a U-shaped cross section, and a connection with the connecting groove and the slot on the end plate body a hoop member having an inner side wall of the connecting hoop member having a radially inner and spaced first and second connecting portions, the first connecting portion and the second connecting portion being respectively inserted into the connecting groove and the end plate Inside the slot.
  • the structure and design of the connecting groove of the anchoring plate and the tension plate can be similar to the groove of the above end plate.
  • the connecting groove may be disposed on one of the anchoring plate or the tensioning plate, one of which may be connected to the end plate through the connecting hoop structure, and the other end is connected by a conventional bolt structure; of course, the connecting groove may also be set at the anchoring Both the plate and the tension plate can be connected to the end plate by a connecting hoop structure.
  • the foregoing anchoring plate is a member which is attached to the outer end surface of one end of the mold for manufacturing the concrete pile, and is used for fixing one end of the steel cage with the end plate to the mold and facilitating tensioning; the aforementioned tensioning plate is It is placed in the cavity of the mold and connected to the end plate at one end of the steel cage, and simultaneously connected with the tensioning device to drive the steel cage to be stretched.
  • the anchoring plate and the tensioning plate may be circular or square or other shapes.
  • the anchoring plate, the tensioning plate and the end plate body are connected together by the connecting hoop structure, and the traditional bolt-connecting structure is novel and simple, and the operation is convenient and quick, and the bolt loss is reduced. Reduce the cost of tensioning steel cages.
  • the inner end of the anchoring plate or the tensioning plate is connected with a connecting plate, and the connecting plate forms a part of the anchoring plate or the tensioning plate, and the U-shaped connecting groove is disposed on the outer peripheral wall of the connecting plate.
  • the above is a deformed structure of the anchoring plate or the tensioning plate.
  • the tension plate and the anchoring plate of the structure make the demoulding and releasing of the concrete pile body more and more as needed.
  • an anchoring plate of such a structure is used according to actual needs, and the connecting plate is fixedly connected by bolts, and the connecting plate and the end plate are connected by the above-mentioned connecting hoop structure.
  • the outer side wall of the connecting hoop member is provided with a socket for inserting the tool.
  • a fourth technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a pretensioned prestressed concrete pile using the aforementioned end plate.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the fourth technical problem is that the concrete pile comprises a centrifugally formed hollow prestressed concrete pile, and also comprises a vibration-formed solid prestressed concrete pile, and the shape can be a square pile, a pipe pile, an irregular shape.
  • the pile has the same pile structure as the conventional pretensioned prestressed concrete pile, including the concrete pile body and the steel cage in the pile body, characterized in that the end portion of the pile body is provided with an end plate as described above.
  • the concrete piles using the end plates facilitate the picking and tensioning of the steel strands.
  • a fifth technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing a concrete pile using the above-described end plate and the tensioning cage.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above fifth technical problem is: a method for manufacturing a concrete pile, wherein both ends of the concrete pile have the end plate according to any of the foregoing, and the prestressed main rib of the concrete pile is made of steel strand , characterized in that the manufacturing method comprises the following steps
  • connecting hoop structure comprising being disposed on the anchoring plate and the tension plate and having a cross section a U-shaped connecting groove, and a connecting hoop member adapted to be engaged with the connecting groove and the slot on the end plate body, the inner side wall of each connecting hoop member having a first connecting portion and a second connecting portion which are convex and spaced apart The first connecting portion and the second connecting portion are respectively inserted into the connecting groove and the recessed groove on the end plate body.
  • the mold can be fed first, then the steel cage can be pulled, or the steel cage can be pulled first, and then fed into the mold.
  • the tensioning device for tensioning the steel cage in this step further comprises a support plate, a tensioning screw and a lock nut, and the tension plate is provided with a counterbore, and the screw portion of the tensioning screw is worn from the inside of the steel cage After passing through the counterbore on the tension plate and then through the perforation on the support plate, the head of the tension screw sinks into the large hole portion of the counterbore on the tension plate, and the lock nut is screwed to the threaded rod of the tension screw The upper part is located on the outside of the support plate.
  • the inner end of the anchoring plate or the tensioning plate is connected with a connecting plate, and the connecting plate forms a part of the anchoring plate or the tensioning plate and is regarded as a whole with the anchoring plate or the tensioning plate.
  • the U-shaped connecting groove is provided on the outer peripheral wall of the connecting plate.
  • the above manufacturing method is based on a new steel stranded concrete pile production method which is produced by using the end plate and the connecting mechanism of the above structure, and has the advantages of convenient production, high efficiency and good product quality.
  • the invention has the advantages that: since the outer peripheral wall of the end plate body is provided with a U-shaped groove, the end plate can better match the concrete pile with the prestressed main rib as a steel strand. Convenience is provided for the simple and secure attachment of the above-described clamp members, and the simple connection in the tensioning process using the above-described coupling hoop members is also facilitated.
  • the use of the above-mentioned clamp component for the pile connection and the connection in the tensioning process by the connection hoop structure are simple and reliable, and the defects of the strength and mechanical properties of the pile pile and the concrete pile body are avoided, so that the steel strand is used. The performance of the concrete pile as the prestressed main rib is fully exerted.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of an end plate of the present invention (without a threaded hole and in a circular shape);
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the end plate of the present invention (without a threaded hole and in a circular shape);
  • Figure 3 is a perspective view of the embodiment of the end plate of the present invention (with a threaded hole and a circular shape);
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view (with a threaded hole and a circular shape) of an embodiment of the end plate of the present invention
  • Figure 5 is a perspective view of the embodiment of the end plate of the present invention (without a threaded hole and square);
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of the pick-up mechanism of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is an enlarged view of A of Figure 6;
  • Figure 8 is a perspective view showing the three-dimensional structure of the clamp member in the embodiment of the pick-up mechanism of the present invention (the clamp member is curved);
  • Figure 9 is a perspective view showing the three-dimensional structure of the clamp member in the embodiment of the pick-up mechanism of the present invention (the clamp member is L-shaped);
  • Figure 10 is a perspective view showing the three-dimensional structure of the clamp member in the embodiment of the pick-up mechanism of the present invention (the clamp member is linear);
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view showing the structure of the connecting mechanism and the production method of the present invention (the end plate is circular);
  • Figure 12 is a perspective view showing the three-dimensional structure of the connecting hoop member in the connecting mechanism and the production method of the present invention (the connecting hoop member is curved);
  • Figure 13 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the connecting mechanism and the production method of the present invention (the end plate is square);
  • Figure 14 is a perspective view showing the three-dimensional structure of the connecting hoop member in the embodiment of the jointing mechanism and the production method of the present invention (the connecting hoop member is L-shaped);
  • Figure 15 is a perspective view showing the three-dimensional structure of the connecting hoop member in the embodiment of the connecting mechanism and the production method of the present invention (the connecting hoop member is linear);
  • Figure 16 is a schematic structural view of another structural form of the anchoring plate in the embodiment of the connecting mechanism and the production method of the present invention.
  • Figure 17 is a schematic view showing the structure of a tension plate of another structural form in the embodiment of the connecting mechanism and the production method of the present invention.
  • the end plate body 1 of the annular structure is taken as an example, and has a front end surface 11
  • the rear end surface 12, the inner peripheral wall 13 and the outer peripheral wall 14, the end plate body 1 is provided with a plurality of locking holes 15 for locking the steel strands therein, since the locking hole 15 is provided with a tapered clip assembly 19, so the keyhole 15 is a tapered through hole, and the taper angle of the tapered through hole is 14°.
  • the end plate body 1 is thicker than conventional end plates and has a thickness of at least 25 mm, typically 25 mm. Between ⁇ 60mm, the specific thickness should match the diameter of the steel strand used. When the diameter of the steel strand used is 11.1mm, the thickness of the end plate body 1 is 31mm. For example, the steel wire with diameter of 12.7mm and 15.2mm is selected. The thickness of the end plate is generally 35mm and 40mm respectively. The combination of the diameter of the steel wire and the thickness of the end plate is the best. Of course, according to the construction requirements, other matching methods of diameter and thickness can also be adopted, only to meet the actual needs. Just fine.
  • the end plate body 1 may be a solid plate-like structure or a hollow annular structure.
  • the ring-shaped structure includes not only a circular ring shape, but also a square ring shape as shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 5, or other shaped structures, such as I-shaped, or T-shaped.
  • the end plate body 1 is provided with a plurality of screw connection holes 18, as shown in Figs.
  • the rear end of the end plate body 1 has a ring-shaped annular projection 17 which is located between the inner peripheral wall 13 and the outer peripheral wall 14 of the end plate body 1, each of the locking holes 3 and the threaded connecting hole. Each of the 18 runs through the raised portion 17.
  • the outer peripheral wall 14 of the end plate body 1 is provided with a U-shaped recess 16 in the cross section, and the recess 16 is preferably in the form of a complete circular ring.
  • the radial width d1 of the front wall 161 of the recess 16 is smaller than the radial width d2 of the rear wall 162 of the recess 16.
  • the depth of the groove, that is, the radial width d1 of the front wall 161 is generally greater than 5 mm.
  • the thickness of the end plate used for the concrete pile using the steel strand 4 as the prestressed main rib is thicker than that of the conventional end plate, it is possible to machine the groove 16 on the outer peripheral surface of the end plate body 1, that is, to embed
  • the groove 16 is specially designed for the end plate which is different from the conventional end plate. Since the conventional end plate is thin, it is difficult to process the groove on the outer peripheral surface which satisfies the tensile strength requirement, and the groove 16 is It is provided that the adjacent end plates are connected together to form abutting pile by adopting a U-shaped cross-member clamping member; also, a U-shaped connecting hoop portion is adopted in cross section. It is possible to tension the steel cage with the aforementioned end plates.
  • a picking mechanism comprising the end plate installed at an end of a concrete pile with a prestressed main rib as a steel strand, and a clamp for connecting two end plates of the two concrete piles which are opposite to each other at the end
  • the component 2 the clamping component 2 is snap-fitted with the slot 16 on the two end plate bodies 1 which are in contact with each other, and the clamping component 2 is two or more, and the clamping component 2 can be spliced to each other to form a
  • the inner side wall of each of the clamp members 2 has a first insertion portion 21 and a second insertion portion 22 which are radially convex and vertically spaced apart, and the first insertion portion 21 and the second insertion portion 22 are respectively inserted into contact with each other.
  • the two ends of the plate body 1 are embedded in the groove 16.
  • the first insertion portion 21 and the second insertion portion 22 are in close contact with the fitting groove 16.
  • the radial width d1 of the front annular wall 161 of the recess 16 is smaller than the radial width d2 of the rear annular wall 162 of the recess 16.
  • the end plate body 1 can have a circular shape.
  • the clamp member 2 has an arc shape, and the clamp member 2 has two, and the two clamp members can be butted into a circular ring shape.
  • the end plate body 1 may also have a square shape, and the clamp member 2 has a straight shape or an L shape. As shown in Figs. 9, 10, the clamp member 2 has four or two.
  • the picking mechanism mainly engages the clamping groove 16 of the clamping member 2 on the end plate, and connects the two end plate bodies 1 of the adjacent two concrete piles which are in contact with each other, which is a mechanical connection manner, and the card
  • the hoop component is mechanically manufactured and the quality is guaranteed.
  • the stability of the connection is higher, the pile operation is simpler and faster, and it is not affected by external factors such as weather and skill, and the existing machinery.
  • the connection structure involves fewer components, the structure is simpler and the cost is lower, the pile-receiving part is more reliable, and the mechanical property is better.
  • a connecting mechanism for tensioning a concrete pile cage of a concrete pile wherein the steel cage 3 adopts a steel strand 4 as a prestressed main rib, comprising the aforementioned end plate at the end of the steel cage 3, and an anchoring plate 5 connected to the end plate , pull the board 6.
  • the main improvement of the connecting mechanism is that the anchoring plate 5, the tensioning plate 6 and the end plate are connected together by the connecting hoop structure.
  • the anchoring plate 5 and the tensioning plate 6 and the end plate body 1 are both connected.
  • the connecting hoop structure comprises a connecting groove 51, 61 having a U-shaped cross section provided on the anchoring plate 5 and the tensioning plate 6, and two or more simultaneous and connected
  • the slots 51, 61 and the slot 16 are snap-fitted to the mating coupling member 8, and each of the coupling members 8 is preferably spliced to each other to form a loop.
  • each of the coupling members 8 have a radially inner convex shape and are spaced apart from each other.
  • the first connecting portion 81 and the second connecting portion 82 are provided, the first connecting portion 81 and the second connecting portion 82 They are inserted into the connecting grooves 51, 61 and the fitting grooves 16, respectively.
  • the outer side wall of the connecting hoop member 8 is provided with an insertion hole 83 for the wrench tool to be inserted.
  • the end plate body 1 may have a circular shape. As shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, the connecting hoop member 8 has an arc shape, and the connecting hoop member 8 has two.
  • the end plate body 1 may also be square, and the coupling hoop member 8 may be linear or L-shaped. As shown in Figures 13, 14, and 15, the coupling hoop member 8 has four or two.
  • the anchoring plate 5 and the tensioning plate 6 may also adopt the following deformation structure. As shown in FIGS. 16 and 17, the inner end of the anchoring plate 5 or the tensioning plate 6 is connected with the connecting plate 24, the connecting plate 24 and the anchoring plate 5 or The tension plates 6 are connected by a plurality of screws, and the connecting plates 24 form a part of the anchoring plate 5 or the tensioning plate 6, and the U-shaped connecting grooves 51, 61 are provided on the outer peripheral wall of the connecting plate 24.
  • the present embodiment is a pretensioned prestressed concrete pile using the above end plate, including a centrifugally formed hollow prestressed concrete pile, and also includes a solid prestressed concrete pile formed by vibration, and the shape may be a square pile, a pipe pile, or a special pile.
  • the pile structure is the same as the conventional pretensioned prestressed concrete pile, including the concrete pile and the steel cage in the pile body, and the end of the concrete pile is provided with the end plate described in the foregoing embodiment.
  • the shape of the concrete pile can be referred to the existing pretensioned prestressed concrete pile.
  • the drawings are omitted.
  • a preferred embodiment of the method for manufacturing a concrete pile using the above-described end plate and tensioning cage connecting mechanism is shown.
  • the schematic diagram of the manufacturing method and the schematic diagram of the connection mechanism are the same.
  • a method for manufacturing a concrete pile wherein the end of the concrete pile has an end plate as described in the foregoing embodiment, and the prestressed main rib of the concrete pile is a steel strand, and the manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
  • the steel strand 4 is cut to length, and a steel cage is prepared, and each steel strand 4 on the steel cage 3 is connected and fixed to the end plate through the lock hole 15 on the end plate.
  • each connecting hoop member 8 has The first connecting portion 81 and the second connecting portion 82 which are convexly and spaced apart, the first connecting portion 81 and the second connecting portion 82 are inserted into the fitting grooves 51, 61 and the fitting grooves 16 on the end plate body 1, respectively.
  • the inner end of the anchoring plate 5 or the tensioning plate 6 may also be connected with a connecting plate 24, which forms a part of the anchoring plate 5 or the tensioning plate 6 and is considered as a whole with the anchoring plate or the tensioning plate.
  • U-shaped connecting grooves 51, 61 are provided on the outer peripheral wall of the connecting plate.
  • the tensioning device for tensioning the steel cage in this step further comprises a support plate 7, a tensioning screw 9 and a lock nut 10, the tensioning plate 6 is provided with a counterbore 62, and the screw portion 91 of the tensioning screw 9 is from the steel bar
  • the inside of the cage 3 passes through the counterbore 62 on the tension plate and then passes through the through hole 71 on the support plate 7, and the head 92 of the tension screw 9 sinks in the large hole portion of the counterbore 62 of the tension plate, and is locked.
  • the nut 10 is screwed onto the threaded rod portion 91 of the tensioning screw 9 and is located outside the support plate (7).
  • the concrete pile is shaped by centrifugal or centrifugal vibration of the centrifuge.

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Abstract

一种端板，包括端板本体(1)，端板本体(1)具有前端面(11)、后端面(12)、内周壁(13)和外周壁(14)，端板本体(1)上设有多个锁孔(15)，端板本体(1)的外周壁(14)上设有嵌槽(16)。横截面呈U形的卡箍部件(2)通过嵌槽(16)将相邻两端板连接在一起。还提供了接桩机构、张拉钢筋笼的连接机构、混凝土桩及制作方法。

Description

端板、接桩机构、张拉钢筋笼的连接机构、混凝土桩及制造方法 技术领域
本发明属于各类建筑结构体系的桩基基础工程的技术领域，尤其涉及一种用于先张法预应力混凝土桩的端板，混凝土桩的接桩机构，用于张拉混凝土桩钢筋笼的连接机构、混凝土桩及混凝土桩的生产方法，其中混凝土桩为先张法预应力混凝土桩。
背景技术
混凝土桩的桩身两端一般都设有端板，根据混凝土桩的桩身横截面的不同可分为管桩、方桩、T形桩、工字形桩等等，端板主要用于接桩、对预应力筋进行锚固及用以在制造混凝土桩的过程中对钢筋笼的预应力主筋进行张拉。现有混凝土桩的接桩方式大多采用手工焊接端板来实现，接桩时，将相邻两混凝土桩的端板贴合，再通过焊接将相互贴合的端板焊接在一起。焊接方式接桩最大的优点是造价较低，但手工焊接却易受人为因素及天气的影响，焊接质量不够稳定，接桩部位存在安全隐患，另外桩与桩焊接后，需自然冷却8～10分钟方可继续沉桩，浪费大量时间，影响施工的效率。
为此有人发明了采用机械锁合的方式进行接桩，如中国专利CN202265824U(专利号为ZL201120366033.X)《预制桩接桩结构》，披露了这样一种主要应用于传统的预应力混凝土桩即预应力主筋为钢棒的混凝土桩的接桩结构，包括套接在两个需桩接预制桩的桩接部位外围的内箍、套接并紧固在内箍外围的外箍，内箍为由两个及两个以上弧形部件拼接成一个圈构成，内箍的内圈上设置有至少两个径向凸起环，每个需桩接预制桩的桩接部位外围设置有与径向凸起环匹配的凹槽。因该预制桩与传统预应力筋混凝土桩一样，其预应力主筋均采用钢棒，端板上开有多个用以固定钢棒墩头的连接孔，基于传统预应力混凝土桩标准、规范的强制要求和节约成本的需要，这种混凝土桩的端板其厚度相对较薄，一般在18mm～24mm之间，因此前述凹槽不可能直接设在端板本体的周缘而只能凹陷嵌入到接桩部位的混凝土桩体内，故前述实用新型专利中的凹槽是设于端板与桩体的接触部位即：凹槽是嵌入在与端板相接触的那部分桩体的混凝土内。这种设计导致接桩部位、至少是凹槽部位的桩体混凝土保护层有缺失，减少了接桩部位混凝土保护层厚度，对该部位混凝土桩结构的耐久性和各种力学性能产生不利影响，也不符合预应力混凝土桩结构国家规范；另外，凹槽设于接桩部位的混凝土桩体内，接桩后当桩体受到来自外界巨大的横向剪力时，插入凹槽内的内箍和径向凸起环会直接将受力作用于桩体的混凝土上从而很容易使得接桩部位或凹槽部位的桩体混凝土破损开裂，降低桩体的性能甚至使得接桩部位断裂，造成安全隐患。再者前述实用新型专利的接桩结构需要由内箍和外箍两大部件组成，接桩成本很高，实际接桩操作也极为麻烦。因此，该专利 披露的技术方案存在严重缺陷，不具有实际可实施性，现实中也少有应用。
还有人发明采用凹凸板的机械接桩结构，如中国专利申请CN103790156A(申请号为CN201210418614.2)《一种用于预制方桩的方形凹凸板机械接桩方法》，及CN103790157A(专利号为CN201210419254.8)《一种用于预制管桩的圆形凹凸板机械接桩方法》，它们披露了一种主要应用于传统的预应力混凝土桩即预应力主筋为钢棒的混凝土桩的接桩结构，即采用中部带有凸板的端板和中部带有内凹的凹槽的端板，且二者凸部和凹部分别设有第一凹槽和第二凹槽，当接桩时两块端板拼接后，第一凹槽与第二凹槽形成环形对接槽，向对接槽内插入抗剪件，然后用抗剪塞进行封堵，以完成接桩。该接桩方法所采用的带有凹凸板的端板，其不仅起到端板的连接钢棒作用，还起到接桩作用，这就使得凹凸板内的中心圆孔必须和桩体内的中心圆孔一样大小，当接桩部位受剪时，剪力直接传导到预应力钢棒，由于凹凸板结构与桩中心圆孔一样大小，故受力点到预应力钢棒较远，也就是力臂较长，故预应力钢棒受到的剪力就越大，对桩结构产生不利影响，导致桩体的抗剪效果较差。同时，采用这种结构的端板生产混凝土桩时，在张拉钢筋笼和余浆处理工序中存在诸多不便并直接影响产品质量和生产效率。另外，采用这种结构端板的混凝土桩，不能根据工地施工的需要灵活调整桩体的长度并因此会增加生产厂家的成本。中国发明专利CN103541354A(申请号为CN201310432325.2)的《一种混凝土桩连接装置》，它也公开了主要应用于传统的预应力主筋为钢棒的混凝土桩的带有凹凸结构的端板，当预应力钢筋需要较多时存在布筋困难，甚至一个凹凸面需布很多个预应力钢筋；当用这种凹凸结构的端板布筋时，所需钢筋长短不一，安装钢筋时容易出错，生产中张拉钢筋笼时各钢筋受力存在严重不均衡的问题，工序控制困难，接桩插销受力更大。同时，采用这种结构的桩体在打桩时，由于存在凹凸面，造成打桩应力集中，容易造成打破桩头现象。另外，也不能根据工地施工的需要灵活调整桩体的长度并因此会增加生产厂家的成本。
因钢绞线的抗拉强度高(其抗拉强度设计值为1320MPa，抗拉强度最高可达1960MPa)，近年来，我国企业和科研机构也对钢绞线应用于离心混凝土桩进行了大量研究，但至今未出现有实用价值的技术方案。为此本申请人研发出多种具有现实应用价值的具有钢绞线的混凝土桩，其混凝土桩体中钢筋笼轴向布置的预应力主筋均采用钢绞线。如中国发明专利CN103741672A(申请号为CN201410034851.8)《一种具有钢绞线的先张法离心混凝土桩及制造方法》，披露了这样一种具有钢绞线的混凝土桩，这种混凝土桩中钢筋笼轴向布置的预应力主筋均为钢绞线，桩体端板上开有数个由内至外孔径逐渐扩大的锥形孔，锥形孔与钢绞线一一对应设置，每个锥形孔内放置有由多片夹片拼合形成用以卡箍钢绞线的夹片组件，该夹片组件的外周面形成与所述锥形孔相配的锥体面，夹片组件的中心形成内齿孔，各钢绞线均穿过相应夹片组件内的内齿孔并被内齿孔锁紧。为了更牢固的锁定钢绞线，也为了更好匹配锁定钢绞线的夹片组件或其他特定锁 定构件，确保预应力主筋采用钢绞线的混凝土桩体的强度和各项力学性能，这种预应力主筋采用钢绞线的混凝土桩的端板与传统的预应力主筋采用钢棒的混凝土桩的端板相比，厚度有一定增加，为在端板上做更多创新设计预留了空间。因该预应力主筋采用钢绞线的混凝土桩体的各种力学性能极强，也急需与之相匹配的性能更好的端板部件和接桩机构、连接机构。
无论采用钢棒还是钢绞线作为预应力主筋的混凝土桩，其在制造过程中，需要对管桩模具内的钢筋笼进行预应力张拉，传统的张拉过程中的连接装置和连接方法一般是：将钢筋笼一端的端板通过螺栓与锚固板固定连接，将钢筋笼另一端的端板通过螺栓与张拉板固定连接，将该带有张拉板和锚固板的钢筋笼置于管桩模具中，张拉板位于管桩模具的模腔中，锚固板与管桩模具的外端面贴合，张拉板上开有沉孔，张拉螺杆的螺杆部穿过张拉板上的沉孔后再穿过与管桩模具另一侧端面贴合的支撑板上的穿孔，张拉螺杆的头部沉于张拉板上的沉孔的大孔部内，锁紧螺母螺纹连接在张拉螺杆的螺纹杆部上并位于支撑板外侧，再拉动张拉螺杆进而拉动张拉板、端板及钢筋笼，将钢筋笼的预应力主筋拉伸到规定的数值后用锁紧螺母锁紧。
前述张拉装置，需要将锚固板和张拉板通过多个螺栓与端板固定，这就必须在端板上加工出螺纹孔，且其固定的工序及拆卸的操作较为耗时，再有张拉装置的螺栓损耗加大，增加混凝土桩的制造成本。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的第一个技术问题是针对上述现有技术现状而提供一种特别适合用于其钢筋笼轴向布置的预应力主筋采用钢绞线的混凝土桩的端板，该端板为预应力主筋采用钢绞线的混凝土桩进行牢靠接桩及采用更为简单的结构和方法对其钢筋笼进行张拉提供可能。
本发明解决上述第一个技术问题所采用的技术方案为；一种端板，用以安装在预应力主筋为钢绞线的混凝土桩的端部，包括端板本体，端板本体具有前端面、后端面和外周壁，端板本体上设有多个用以锁定钢绞线的锁孔，其特征在于：所述端板本体的外周壁上设有横截面呈U形的嵌槽。所述的预应力主筋系轴向布置于混凝土桩钢筋笼并参与预张拉受力的预应力筋，其构成钢筋笼的主要骨架；所述前端面是指端板本体的外露于混凝土桩体的那一面，所述后端面，是指与前端面相对的、且与桩体中的混凝土接触的端板本体的另一面。
由于本端板用于预应力主筋为钢绞线的混凝土桩中，而钢绞线通过特殊的连接结构才能与端板连接牢靠，这种钢绞线混凝土桩的端板与同规格的预应力主筋采用钢棒的传统混凝土桩的端板相比，其厚度有一定增加，厚度一般增加5mm以上；本端板的厚度至少为25mm，一般在25mm～60mm间。因此这种端板方便我们在外周壁上设有横截 面呈U形的嵌槽，由于端板厚度满足条件，使嵌槽的前、后壁的厚度具有足够的抗拉强度，这便为通过采用横截面呈U形的卡箍部件将相邻两端板连接在一起形成牢靠接桩提供可能；同时也为采用横截面呈U形连接箍部件对具有前述端板的钢筋笼进行张拉提供可能。当然，前述较厚的端板是为更好的匹配、适应预应力主筋为钢绞线的混凝土桩而对端板厚度所做的调整，但端板相对增厚并非是本发明技术方案的必要技术条件和要求。如果实际施工中对混凝土桩的力学性能和接桩性能要求较低，也可以选择厚度较薄的端板，并在端板上设置横截面呈U形的嵌槽，不过，这样的端板其各方面的力学性能就相对较差，但只要满足不同的实际需求就行了。
上述嵌槽的前壁的径向宽度小于嵌槽的后壁的径向宽度。这样在使用卡箍部件接桩后，能使卡箍部件会大部分或全部会嵌入端板本体中，在接桩部位受到径向水平力的时候，使得卡箍部件既承受拉力又承受压力，受力效果更好，使得两端板本体连接更牢固。
上述端板本体的后端面具有一圈凸起的凸起部，如端板是具有中心孔的环形结构包括圆环或方环等等，则该凸起部位于端板本体的内周壁和外周壁之间，所述锁孔贯穿所述凸起部。这种结构使得端板本体上锁孔的孔深较大，以使钢绞线通过该锁孔与端板本体锁定牢靠，同时，因为整个端板只有锁孔贯穿的凸起部的位置处厚度最厚，端板的其它位置厚度相比较薄，这样在确保锁孔有足够的深度的同时，尽可能减少端板的耗材，以降低成本。
为方便钢绞线通过夹片组件与锁孔固定，上述锁孔为锥形通孔，为使得夹片组件与锁孔配合更牢固，所述锥形通孔的锥角为10～24°，这是因为：如锥角太小，则钢绞线在张拉受力时容易滑脱，如锥角太大，则夹片组件在装入锁孔后容易松动脱落。所述端板本体上设有多个螺纹连接孔，各螺纹连接孔也贯穿所述凸起部，以使得其他构件通过螺纹连接孔与端板可以连接更牢固。
本发明所要解决的第二个技术问题是提供一种能实现预应力主筋采用钢绞线的混凝土桩之间接桩更为安全牢靠、且接桩操作更为简单快捷的接桩机构。
本发明解决上述第二个技术问题所采用的技术方案为：一种接桩机构，其特征在于：包括如前述任一所述的端板，用以连接端部相对接的两根混凝土桩的相互接触的两块所述端板的卡箍部件，所述卡箍部件与相互接触的两块所述端板本体上的嵌槽卡接适配，卡箍部件的内侧壁具有内凸且间隔设置的第一插入部和第二插入部，所述第一插入部和第二插入部分别插入相互接触的两块所述端板本体上的嵌槽内。
所述的卡箍部件可以是一个，但最好为两个或两个以上，以方便其与所述端板卡接安装，各卡箍部件以能相互拼接形成一个圈为最佳。
本接桩机构主要由卡箍部件对端板上嵌槽的卡接，将相邻两混凝土桩中相互接触的两端板本体连接在一起，其为机械式连接方式，且卡箍部件是机械加工制造而成质量得到保证，与焊接方式相比连接效果更牢靠、稳定性更高，接桩操作更为简单快捷，并不 受天气、技能等外部因素影响，与现有的机械锁合方式进行接桩相比，该接桩结构涉及部件少，结构更为简单成本低，且凹槽设在参与接桩的所述端板本体上，接桩后当接桩部位受到水平外力时，卡箍部件在受力状态下直接将受力作用于端板本体，而不是作用在桩体的混凝土上，从而避免了桩体混凝土直接遭受外力的破坏，使得接桩更牢靠，接桩效果更好。
上述第一插入部和第二插入部与嵌槽紧配以使两端板之间连接牢靠。另外，为确保卡箍部件与上述端板本体外周壁上的横截面呈U形的嵌槽充分卡接、连接更牢靠，U形嵌槽前壁的径向宽度至少为5mm，也即U形嵌槽的最低深度为5mm以上。
上述端板本体呈圆形，则所述卡箍部件呈弧形，该端板结构适合预应力混凝土管桩，卡箍部件以设置二个为最佳。上述端板本体呈方形，则所述卡箍部件呈直线形，这种卡箍部件以有四个为最佳，卡箍部件还可以呈L形，这种卡箍部件以有二个为最佳，这种端板结构适合预应力混凝土方桩。当然端板根据混凝土桩的横截面外形不同，也可以为针对性的其它外形，且满足卡箍部件连接起来能形成一个外形与端板本体上嵌槽适配的圈为最佳。
本发明所要解决的第三个技术问题是提供一种结构新颖、能可靠的对采用钢绞线作为预应力主筋的混凝土桩钢筋笼进行张拉的连接机构。
本发明解决上述第三个技术问题所采用的技术方案为：一种用于张拉混凝土桩钢筋笼的连接机构，其中钢筋笼采用钢绞线为其轴向布置的预应力主筋，包括位于钢筋笼端部的如前述任一所述的端板，及与端板连接的锚固板或张拉板，其特征在于：所述锚固板或张拉板与前述端板之间通过连接箍结构连接在一起，其中，所述连接箍结构包括设于锚固板或张拉板上且横截面呈U形的连接槽，及与连接槽和所述端板本体上的嵌槽卡接适配的连接箍部件，连接箍部件的内侧壁具有径向内凸且间隔设置的第一连接部和第二连接部，所述第一连接部和第二连接部分别插入连接槽和所述端板的嵌槽内。锚固板、张拉板上的连接槽结构及设计可以类似于上述端板上的嵌槽。连接槽可以设于锚固板或张拉板的其中之一，则其中之一可通过连接箍结构与端板进行连接，另一端则通过常规的螺栓结构连接；当然，连接槽也可以设于锚固板和张拉板上，则其二者均可通过连接箍结构与端板进行连接。
前述的锚固板，系与制造混凝土桩的模具一端的外端面贴合的构件，用以将带端板的钢筋笼的一端固定在模具上并便于张拉受力；前述的张拉板，系置于模具的模腔中与钢筋笼一端的端板连接，并同时与张拉装置连接，以带动钢筋笼进行张拉。锚固板、张拉板可以是圆形的，也可以是方形的或其他形状。
本连接机构中锚固板、张拉板与端板本体之间通过连接箍结构连接在一起，与传统的采用螺栓方式连接结构新颖且更为简单，且操作方便快捷，并减少螺栓的损耗量，降低张拉钢筋笼的成本。
上述锚固板或张拉板的内端连接有连接板，连接板形成锚固板或张拉板的一部分，U形的连接槽设于连接板的外周壁上。以上为锚固板或张拉板的一种变形结构。这种结构的张拉板、锚固板，使得混凝土桩体成型后的拆模及放张可以根据需要有更多的选择方式。譬如，根据实际需要采用这种结构的锚固板，其与连接板采用螺栓固定连接，连接板与所述端板采用上述连接箍结构连接在一起，当混凝土桩体成型后放张时，可以先拆除锚固板上的螺栓，使得锚固板与连接板松动并进而使得连接板与端板之间松动，然后可以拆除模具以及拆除连接板与端板之间的连接箍部件，这样就可以完成放张和拆模。
为方便将锚固板、张拉板与端板本体分离，上述连接箍部件的外侧壁上开有供工具插入的插孔。分离时只需将扳手插入插孔内，便能轻松将连接箍部件拉离嵌槽和连接槽。
本发明所要解决的第四个技术问题是提供一种采用前述端板的先张法预应力混凝土桩。本发明解决该第四个技术问题所采用的技术方案为：该混凝土桩包括离心成型的中空预应力混凝土桩，也包括震动成型的实心预应力混凝土桩，外形可以是方桩、管桩、异形桩，其桩体结构与传统的先张法预应力混凝土桩相同，包括混凝土桩体和桩体内的钢筋笼，其特征在于：桩体端部设有知前所述的端板。采用该端板的混凝土桩便于接桩和对钢绞线进行张拉。
本发明所要解决的第五个技术问题是提供一种采用前述端板和张拉钢筋笼的连接机构的混凝土桩的制造方法。
本发明解决上述第五个技术问题所采用的技术方案为；一种混凝土桩的制造方法，其中，混凝土桩两端具有如前述任一所述端板，混凝土桩的预应力主筋采用钢绞线，其特征在于：所述制造方法包含以下步骤
(1)、制作钢筋笼：包括钢绞线定长切断，让钢筋笼上每根钢绞线通过所述端板上的锁孔与端板连接固定。
(2)、将钢筋笼两端的所述端板分别通过连接箍结构与所述锚固板和张拉板连接在一起，所述连接箍结构包括设于锚固板、张拉板上且横截面呈U形的连接槽，及与连接槽和端板本体上的嵌槽卡接适配的连接箍部件，各连接箍部件的内侧壁具有内凸且间隔设置的第一连接部和第二连接部，第一连接部和第二连接部分别插入连接槽和端板本体上的嵌槽内。
(3)、将带有锚固板和张拉板的钢筋笼置于模具中，其中，张拉板位于模腔中，锚固板与模具一侧的外端面贴合。
(4)、向模具中喂料，通过张拉装置对所述钢筋笼进行张拉，将钢绞线拉伸到规定的数值后锁定钢筋笼。该步骤中可以先向模具中喂料，然后对钢筋笼进行张拉，或者，先对钢筋笼进行张拉，然后向模具中喂料。该步骤中对钢筋笼进行张拉的张拉装置还包括支撑板、张拉螺杆和锁紧螺母，张拉板上开有沉孔，张拉螺杆的螺杆部从钢筋笼内部穿 过张拉板上的沉孔后再穿过支撑板上的穿孔，张拉螺杆的头部沉于张拉板上的沉孔的大孔部内，锁紧螺母螺纹连接在张拉螺杆的螺纹杆部上并位于支撑板外侧。
(5)、通过离心机离心或震动装置振动使得混凝土桩成型。
(6)、对成型的混凝土桩进行蒸汽养护。
(7)、拆模，并拆去与所述端板连接的锚固板和张拉板。
在上述制造方法的步骤(2)中，所述锚固板或张拉板的内端连接有连接板，连接板形成锚固板或张拉板的一部分而与锚固板或张拉板视为一个整体，U形的连接槽设于连接板的外周壁上。
上述制造方法是基于采用了上述结构的端板和连接机构而产生的一种新的钢绞线混凝土桩的生产方法，生产便捷、效率高，产品质量好。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点在于：由于端板本体的外周壁设有U形的嵌槽，使得端板在能更好的匹配预应力主筋为钢绞线的混凝土桩的同时，为采用上述卡箍部件进行简单、牢靠的接桩提供了便利，也为采用上述连接箍部件进行张拉工序中的简单连接提供了便利。采用上述卡箍部件进行接桩，以及采用连接箍结构进行张拉工序中的连接，既简便，又牢靠，避免了接桩部位与混凝土桩体强度及力学性能不一的缺陷，使得采用钢绞线作为预应力主筋的混凝土桩的各项性能充分发挥出来。
附图说明
图1为本发明端板实施例的立体结构示意图(不带螺纹孔且呈圆形)；
图2为本发明端板实施例的剖视图(不带螺纹孔且呈圆形)；
图3为本发明端板实施例的立体结构示意图(带螺纹孔且呈圆形)；
图4为本发明端板实施例的剖视图(带螺纹孔且呈圆形)；
图5为本发明端板实施例的立体结构示意图(不带螺纹孔且呈方形)；
图6为本发明接桩机构实施例的剖视图；
图7为图6的A处放大图；
图8为本发明接桩机构实施例中卡箍部件的立体结构示意图(卡箍部件呈弧形)；
图9为本发明接桩机构实施例中卡箍部件的立体结构示意图(卡箍部件呈L形)；
图10为本发明接桩机构实施例中卡箍部件的立体结构示意图(卡箍部件呈直线形)；
图11为本发明连接机构和生产方法实施例的结构示意图(端板呈圆形)；
图12为本发明连接机构和生产方法中连接箍部件的立体结构示意图(连接箍部件呈弧形)；
图13为本发明连接机构和生产方法实施例的结构示意图(端板呈方形)；
图14为本发明接连接机构和生产方法实施例中连接箍部件的立体结构示意图(连接箍部件呈L形)；
图15为本发明连接机构和生产方法实施例中连接箍部件的立体结构示意图(连接箍部件呈直线形)；
图16为本发明连接机构和生产方法实施例中另一种结构形式的锚固板结构示意图；
图17为本发明连接机构和生产方法实施例中另一种结构形式的张拉板结构示意图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述。
如图1～5所示，为本发明端板结构的优选实施例。
一种端板，用以安装在预应力主筋为钢绞线4的混凝土桩的端部，包括端板本体1，本实施例以圆环形结构端板本体1为例，其具有前端面11、后端面12、内周壁13和外周壁14，端板本体1上设有多个用以将钢绞线锁定其内的锁孔15，由于锁孔15内要设置呈锥形的夹片组件19，故锁孔15为锥形通孔，锥形通孔的锥角为14°。为使钢绞线4与端板结合牢靠并使得端板与锥形的夹片组件19匹配，这种端板本体1的厚度比传统的端板要厚，其厚度至少为25mm，一般在25mm～60mm间，具体厚度要匹配所使用的钢绞线的直径，当使用的钢绞线直径为11.1mm，则端板本体1厚度选择31mm，如选用直径为12.7mm、15.2mm的钢纹线，则端板厚度一般分别选择35mm、40mm，这种钢筋线直径与端板厚度的配合是最佳的，当然，根据施工需求，也可以采取其他的直径与厚度的搭配方案，只有满足实际需求即可。
前述端板本体1可以是一种实心板状结构，也可以是一种中空的环状结构，前述环状结构不仅包括圆环形，如图1～4所示，还可以方环形，如图5所示，或其它的异形结构，如工字形，或T字形。
为使端板结构还可采用螺栓方式与锚固板或张拉板连接，端板本体1上设有多个螺纹连接孔18，如图3、4所示。
端板本体1的后端面具有一圈凸起的呈环形的凸起部17，该凸起部17位于端板本体1的内周壁13和外周壁14之间，各锁孔3和螺纹连接孔18均贯穿所述凸起部17。
本端板结构的最关键改进点在于：端板本体1的外周壁14上设有横截面呈U形的嵌槽16，嵌槽16以呈完整的圆环形为最佳。嵌槽16的前壁161的径向宽度d1小于嵌槽16的后壁162的径向宽度d2。鉴于接桩的安全需要和张拉钢筋笼的需要，嵌槽的深度也即前壁161的径向宽度d1一般大于5mm。
由于采用钢绞线4作为预应力主筋的混凝土桩所采用的端板厚度比传统端板厚度要厚，这就给在这种端板本体1的外周面加工出嵌槽16提供可能，即嵌槽16是针对在区别于传统端板的端板上特别设计出来的，传统的端板由于厚度较薄，很难在其外周面上加工出满足抗拉强度要求的嵌槽，同时嵌槽16的设置为通过采用横截面呈U形的卡箍部件将相邻两端板连接在一起形成牢靠接桩提供可能；也为采用横截面呈U形连接箍部 件对具有前述端板的钢筋笼进行张拉提供可能。
如图6～10所示，为本发明接桩机构的优选实施例。
一种接桩机构，包括安装在预应力主筋为钢绞线的混凝土桩的端部的前述端板，用以连接端部相对接的两根混凝土桩的相互接触的两块端板的卡箍部件2，卡箍部件2与相互接触的两块端板本体1上的嵌槽16卡接适配，卡箍部件2为两个或两个以上，各卡箍部件2以能相互拼接形成一个圈为最佳，各卡箍部件2的内侧壁具有径向内凸且上下间隔设置的第一插入部21和第二插入部22，第一插入部21和第二插入部22分别插入相互接触的两端板本体1上的嵌槽16内。第一插入部21和第二插入部22与嵌槽16紧配。
嵌槽16的前环形壁161的径向宽度d1小于嵌槽16的后环形壁162的径向宽度d2。这样在使用卡箍部件时，能使卡箍部件2除插入部21、22外，其身部也有部分会嵌入该嵌槽16内，提升两端板本体之间的连接力。
其中，端板本体1可以呈圆形，如图8所示，卡箍部件2呈弧形，卡箍部件2有二个，二卡箍部件可对接成一个圆环形。
端板本体1还可以呈方形，卡箍部件2呈直线形或L形，如图9、10所示，卡箍部件2有四个或两个。
由于嵌槽16完整设置在端板本体1上，故在接桩时无需通过由端板和混凝土部分一起围成一个凹槽，简化装配结构，也避免了接桩后接桩部位混凝土直接受损。另外本接桩机构主要由卡箍部件2对端板上嵌槽16的卡接，将相邻两混凝土桩中相互接触的两端板本体1连接在一起，其为机械式连接方式，且卡箍部件是机械加工制造而成质量得到保证，与焊接方式相比连接牢靠程度的稳定性更高，接桩操作更为简单快捷，并不受天气、技能等外部因素影响，与现有的机械锁合方式进行接桩相比，该连接结构涉及部件少，结构更为简单成本低，接桩部位更加牢靠，力学性能更好。
如图11～17所示，为本发明用于张拉钢筋笼的连接机构的优选实施例。
一种用于张拉混凝土桩钢筋笼的连接机构，其中钢筋笼3采用钢绞线4为预应力主筋，包括位于钢筋笼3端部的前述的端板，及与端板连接的锚固板5、张拉板6。
本连接机构的主要改进点在于：锚固板5、张拉板6与端板之间通过连接箍结构连接在一起，本实施例中锚固板5和张拉板6与端板本体1之间均通过连接箍结构连接在一起，其中，所述连接箍结构包括设于锚固板5和张拉板6上的横截面呈U形的连接槽51、61，及两个或两个以上同时与连接槽51、61和嵌槽16卡接适配的连接箍部件8，各连接箍部件8以能相互拼接形成一个圈为最佳，各连接箍部件8的内侧壁具有径向内凸且上下间隔设置的第一连接部81和第二连接部82，第一连接部81和第二连接部82 分别插入连接槽51、61和嵌槽16内。
连接箍部件8的外侧壁上开有供扳手工具插入的插孔83。
其中，端板本体1可以呈圆形，如图11、12所示，连接箍部件8呈弧形，连接箍部件8有二个。
端板本体1还可以呈方形，连接箍部件8呈直线形或L形，如图13、14、15所示，连接箍部件8有四个或两个。
另外，锚固板5、张拉板6还可采用以下变形结构，如图16、17所示，锚固板5或张拉板6的内端连接有连接板24，连接板24与锚固板5或张拉板6之间通过多根螺杆相连，连接板24形成锚固板5或张拉板6的一部分，U形的连接槽51、61设于连接板24的外周壁上。
本实施例为采用前述端板的先张法预应力混凝土桩，包括离心成型的中空预应力混凝土桩，也包括震动成型的实心预应力混凝土桩，外形可以是方桩、管桩、异形桩。其桩体结构与传统的先张法预应力混凝土桩相同，包括混凝土桩体和桩体内的钢筋笼，混凝土桩的端部设有前述实施例所述的端板。混凝土桩的外形可参考现有先张法预应力混凝土桩。图纸省略。
如图11～17所示，为本发明采用前述端板和张拉钢筋笼的连接机构的混凝土桩的制造方法的优选实施例。制造方法的示意图和连接机构的示意图相同。
一种混凝土桩的制造方法，其中，混凝土桩两端具有如前述实施例所述端板，混凝土桩的预应力主筋采用钢绞线，制造方法包含以下步骤：
(1)、钢绞线4定长切断，制作钢筋笼，让钢筋笼3上每根钢绞线4通过所述端板上的锁孔15与端板连接固定。
(2)、将钢筋笼3两端的所述端板分别通过连接箍结构与所述锚固板5和张拉板6连接在一起，所述连接箍结构包括设于锚固板5、张拉板6上且横截面呈U形的连接槽51、61，及与连接槽51、61和端板本体1上的嵌槽16卡接适配的连接箍部件8，各连接箍部件8的内侧壁具有内凸且间隔设置的第一连接部81和第二连接部82，第一连接部81和第二连接部82分别插入连接槽51、61和端板本体1上的嵌槽16内。该步骤中，锚固板5或张拉板6的内端还可以连接有连接板24，连接板24形成锚固板5或张拉板6的一部分而与锚固板或张拉板视为一个整体，U形的连接槽51、61设于连接板的外周壁上。
(4)、将带有锚固板5和张拉板6的钢筋笼3置于模具20中，其中，张拉板6位于模腔中，锚固板5与模具20一侧的外端面贴合。
(5)、向模具中喂料，通过张拉装置对所述钢筋笼3进行张拉，将钢绞线4拉伸到规 定的数值后锁定钢筋笼。该步骤中对钢筋笼进行张拉的张拉装置还包括支撑板7、张拉螺杆9和锁紧螺母10，张拉板6上开有沉孔62，张拉螺杆9的螺杆部91从钢筋笼3内部穿过张拉板上的沉孔62后再穿过支撑板7上的穿孔71，张拉螺杆9的头部92沉于张拉板上的沉孔62的大孔部内，锁紧螺母10螺纹连接在张拉螺杆9的螺纹杆部91上并位于支撑板(7)外侧。
(7)、通过离心机离心或震动装置振动使得混凝土桩成型。
(8)、对成型的混凝土桩进行蒸汽养护。
(9)、拆模，并拆去与所述端板连接的锚固板5和张拉板6。
尽管以上详细地描述了本发明的优选实施例，但是应该清楚地理解，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种端板，用以安装在预应力主筋为钢绞线(4)的混凝土桩的端部，包括端板本体(1)，端板本体(1)具有前端面(11)、后端面(12)和外周壁(14)，端板本体(1)上设有多个用以锁定钢绞线的锁孔(15)，其特征在于：所述端板本体(1)的外周壁(14)设有横截面呈U形的嵌槽(16)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的端板，其特征在于：所述嵌槽(16)的前壁(161)的径向宽度(d1)小于嵌槽(16)的后壁(162)的径向宽度(d2)。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的端板，其特征在于：所述端板本体(1)的后端面(12)具有一圈凸起的凸起部(17)，所述锁孔(3)贯穿所述凸起部(17)。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的端板，其特征在于：所述端板本体(1)上设有多个螺纹连接孔(18)，各螺纹连接孔(18)贯穿所述凸起部(17)。
  5. 一种接桩机构，其特征在于：包括如前述权利要求1～4任一所述的端板，用以连接端部相对接的两根混凝土桩的相互接触的两块所述端板的卡箍部件(2)，所述卡箍部件(2)与相互接触的两块所述端板本体(1)上的嵌槽(16)卡接适配，卡箍部件(2)的内侧壁具有内凸且间隔设置的第一插入部(21)和第二插入部(22)，所述第一插入部(21)和第二插入部(22)分别插入相互接触的两块所述端板本体(1)上的嵌槽(16)内。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的接桩机构，其特征在于：所述卡箍部件(2)为两个或两个以上。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的接桩机构，其特征在于：所述端板本体(1)呈圆形，所述卡箍部件(2)呈弧形；或所述端板本体(1)呈方形，所述卡箍部件(2)呈直线形或L形。
  8. 一种用于张拉混凝土桩钢筋笼的连接机构，其中钢筋笼(3)采用钢绞线(4)为其轴向布置的预应力主筋，其特征在于：包括位于钢筋笼(3)端部的如前述权利要求1～4任一所述的端板，及与所述端板连接的锚固板(5)或张拉板(6)，所述锚固板(5)或张拉板(6)与所述端板之间通过连接箍结构连接在一起，所述连接箍结构包括设于锚固板(5)或张拉板(6)上且横截面呈U形的连接槽(51、61)，及与连接槽(51、61)和所述端板本体(1)上的嵌槽(16)卡接适配的连接箍部件(8)，连接箍部件(8)的内侧壁具有内凸且间隔设置的第一连接部(81)和第二连接部(82)，所述第一连接部(81)和第二连接部(82)分别插入连接槽(51、61)和嵌槽(16)内。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的用于张拉混凝土桩钢筋笼的连接机构，其特征在于：所述锚固板(5)或张拉板(6)的内端连接有连接板(24)，连接板(24)形成锚固板(5)或张拉板(6)的一部分，U形的连接槽(51、61)设于连接板(24)的外周壁上。
  10. 一种先张法预应力混凝土桩，包括混凝土桩体和桩体内的钢筋笼，其特征在于：该混凝土桩体的端部设有如前述权利要求1～4任一所述的端板。
  11. 一种混凝土桩的制造方法，其中，混凝土桩两端具有如前述权利要求1～4任一 所述端板，混凝土桩的预应力主筋采用钢绞线，其特征在于：所述制造方法包含以下步骤：
    (1)、制作钢筋笼：钢绞线(4)定长切断，让钢筋笼(3)上每根钢绞线(4)通过所述端板上的锁孔(15)与端板连接固定；
    (2)、将钢筋笼(3)两端的所述端板分别通过连接箍结构与所述锚固板(5)和张拉板(6)连接在一起，所述连接箍结构包括设于锚固板(5)、张拉板(6)上且横截面呈U形的连接槽(51、61)，及与连接槽(51、61)和端板本体(1)上的嵌槽(16)卡接适配的连接箍部件(8)，各连接箍部件(8)的内侧壁具有内凸且间隔设置的第一连接部(81)和第二连接部(82)，所述第一连接部(81)和第二连接部(82)分别插入连接槽(51、61)和端板本体(1)上的嵌槽(16)内：
    (3)、将带有锚固板(5)和张拉板(6)的钢筋笼(3)置于模具(20)的模腔中，其中，张拉板(6)位于模腔中，锚固板(5)与模具(20)一侧的外端面贴合；
    (4)、向模具中喂料，通过张拉装置对所述钢筋笼(3)进行张拉，将钢绞线(4)拉伸到规定的数值后锁定钢筋笼：
    (5)、通过离心机离心或震动装置振动使得混凝土桩成型；
    (6)、对成型的混凝土桩进行蒸汽养护；
    (7)、拆模，并拆去与所述端板连接的锚固板(5)和张拉板(6)。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的混凝土桩的制造方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(2)中的所述锚固板(5)或张拉板(6)的内端连接有连接板(24)，连接板(24)形成锚固板(5)或张拉板(6)的一部分，U形的连接槽(51、61)设于连接板(24)的外周壁上。
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