WO2015103872A1 - 耐湿热的太阳能电池背板及其制造方法 - Google Patents

耐湿热的太阳能电池背板及其制造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015103872A1
WO2015103872A1 PCT/CN2014/083604 CN2014083604W WO2015103872A1 WO 2015103872 A1 WO2015103872 A1 WO 2015103872A1 CN 2014083604 W CN2014083604 W CN 2014083604W WO 2015103872 A1 WO2015103872 A1 WO 2015103872A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
resistant
polypropylene
weather
solar cell
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Application number
PCT/CN2014/083604
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
赵若飞
蔡书义
黄伟
Original Assignee
苏州尚善新材料科技有限公司
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Application filed by 苏州尚善新材料科技有限公司 filed Critical 苏州尚善新材料科技有限公司
Priority to MX2016009061A priority Critical patent/MX2016009061A/es
Priority to JP2016545816A priority patent/JP6641578B2/ja
Priority to US15/109,887 priority patent/US20160329445A1/en
Priority to CN201480072489.1A priority patent/CN105934831B/zh
Priority to CA2935871A priority patent/CA2935871C/en
Priority to EP14877987.9A priority patent/EP3109906B1/en
Priority to BR112016015795-8A priority patent/BR112016015795B1/pt
Priority to ES14877987T priority patent/ES2835853T3/es
Publication of WO2015103872A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015103872A1/zh
Priority to PH12016501337A priority patent/PH12016501337A1/en
Priority to ZA2016/04597A priority patent/ZA201604597B/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
    • H01L31/049—Protective back sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
    • B32B27/20—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using fillers, pigments, thixotroping agents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/24—All layers being polymeric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/306—Resistant to heat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/712—Weather resistant
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
    • B32B2457/12—Photovoltaic modules
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of photovoltaic power generation, and in particular to a solar backplane.
  • Solar backsheets are widely used in solar cell (photovoltaic) components, located on the back of solar panels, to protect and support the cells, and to have reliable insulation, water resistance and aging resistance.
  • the fluoroplastic film is excellent in long-term outdoor aging resistance and is widely used for preparing solar battery back sheets.
  • the backing plate mainly includes a weathering layer, a structural reinforcing layer and a reflective layer.
  • the commonly used backing plate structure has a TPT structure and a TPE structure, wherein T refers to DuPont's Tedlar film, and the composition is polyvinyl fluoride (PVF).
  • TPT structure refers to PVF film / PET film / PVF film structure
  • TPE structure refers to PVF film /PET film / EVA film structure
  • the typical manufacturer of the backsheet of the TPT structure is Isovolta in Europe.
  • the backsheet of the TPE structure is a patented product of Madico Corporation of the United States (see patent application WO2004/091901A2).
  • PVDF film instead of PVF film to provide KPK structure and KPE structure, where K refers to PVDF film.
  • ECTFE ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer
  • ETFE ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer
  • 3M Company uses THV (tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene-vinylidene fluoride) film as the weathering layer of solar cell backsheet (see patent application US2006/0280922A1), its structure is THV/PET/EVA 0
  • a fluoroplastic film is used in a conventional back sheet, it is excellent in long-term outdoor aging resistance, but Yes, the high cost of fluoroplastic film itself limits its larger scale applications.
  • the PET film plastic used in the structural reinforcement layer of the conventional back sheet has poor resistance to moisture and heat hydrolysis, and is embrittled and cracked during use in a long-term moist heat environment, resulting in deterioration or failure of solar cell performance.
  • the present invention overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art and provides a solar cell backsheet with strong interlayer connection, excellent heat and humidity resistance, and low cost, which is very important for the solar industry.
  • a heat-resistant solar cell back sheet comprising a weather-resistant layer, a connecting layer, a structural reinforcing layer and a reflective layer which are sequentially composited, wherein: the weather-resistant layer is Biaxially stretched PA weathering film, or made of polyamide, heat stabilizer, UV stabilizer and inorganic material; the structural reinforcement layer is made of polypropylene, modified polypropylene, or alloy, the alloy is poly An alloy of propylene and engineering plastics, or an alloy of modified polypropylene and engineering plastics.
  • the polyamide is a combination of one or more selected from the group consisting of polyamide 6, polyamide 66, polyamide 46, polyamide 610, polyamide 612, polyamide 614 , polyamide 613, polyamide 615, polyamide 616, polyamide 11, polyamide 12, polyamide 10, polyamide 912, polyamide 913, polyamide 914, polyamide 915, polyamide 616, polyamide 1010, poly Amide 1012, polyamide 1013, polyamide 1014, polyamide 1210, polyamide 1212, polyamide 1213, polyamide 1214, poly(paraphthalic acid adipamide), polyterephthalic acid terephthalate, polyterephthalic acid Azelaamide, polybutylene terephthalate, adipic acid adipamide/terephthalic acid adipamide copolyamide, terephthalic acid adipamide/isophthalic acid adipamide copolyamide, poly M-xylamide adipate, adipamide a
  • the structural reinforcement layer has a melting point greater than 145 °C.
  • the modified polypropylene is modified by blending the polypropylene and a heat stabilizer, or is modified by blending the polypropylene, the grafted polypropylene and the heat stabilizer. Or it is modified by blending the polypropylene, the heat stabilizer and the inorganic filler.
  • the polypropylene is selected from the group consisting of homopolypropylene (homopolypropylene), copolymerized polypropylene, and One or more of the block copolymer polypropylene.
  • the modified polypropylene is formed by co-mixing the polypropylene, a heat stabilizer and an inorganic filler.
  • the inorganic filler is selected from the group consisting of calcium carbonate, titanium oxide, barium sulfate, mica, talc, kaolin, glass microbeads, and glass fibers.
  • the engineering plastic is a polyamide or a polyphenylene ether.
  • the connecting layer is a maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene, an ethylene acrylic acid copolymer, or an ethylene acrylate maleic anhydride terpolymer.
  • the tie layer is an ethylene/butyl acrylate/maleic anhydride copolymer or a maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene.
  • the thickness ratio of the weather resistance layer, the structural reinforcement layer and the reflective layer is 20-100: 40-400: 20-150.
  • the weather resistance layer, the structural reinforcement layer and the reflective layer have a thickness ratio of 30-60: 150-300:20-150.
  • the weather resistance layer, the structural reinforcement layer and the reflective layer have a thickness ratio of 50-100: 150-250:50-100.
  • the reflective layer is a polyethylene alloy layer.
  • the reflective layer is made of polyethylene, ethylene-containing segment (-CH 2 -CH 2 -) copolymers, UV stabilizers and inorganic white pigments modified by blending.
  • the reflective layer is modified by blending low density polyethylene (LLDPE), a copolymer of ethylene and acetic acid (EVA), a UV stabilizer, and titanium dioxide (Ti0 2 ).
  • LLDPE low density polyethylene
  • EVA copolymer of ethylene and acetic acid
  • Ti0 2 titanium dioxide
  • the reflective layer is modified by blending low density polyethylene (LLDPE), ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), anti-UV stabilizer and titanium dioxide (Ti0 2 ).
  • LLDPE low density polyethylene
  • EPDM ethylene propylene diene monomer
  • Ti0 2 titanium dioxide
  • the connecting layer is also disposed between the structural reinforcing layer and the reflective layer, that is, the solar cell back sheet is composed of a weathering layer, a connecting layer, a structural reinforcing layer, a connecting layer and a reflective layer which are sequentially composited.
  • the present invention also provides the following two methods of manufacturing the above solar backsheet.
  • Method 1 including the following steps:
  • the material of the weathering layer, the material of the connecting layer, the material of the structural reinforcing layer and the material of the reflective layer respectively Granulating by an extruder to obtain weather-resistant layer plastic particles, connecting layer plastic particles, structural reinforcing layer plastic particles and reflective layer plastic particles for use;
  • the weather-resistant layer plastic particles, the connecting layer plastic particles, the structural reinforcing layer plastic particles, and the reflective layer plastic particles prepared in the step (1) are melt-coextruded through an extruder.
  • Method 2 comprising the following steps:
  • the material of the connecting layer, the material of the structural reinforcing layer and the material of the reflective layer are respectively granulated by an extruder to obtain a connecting layer plastic particle, a structural reinforcing layer plastic particle and a reflective layer plastic particle for use;
  • the connecting layer plastic particles, the structural reinforcing layer plastic particles and the reflective layer plastic particles prepared in the step (1) are melt-coextruded by an extruder and coated on the weather resistant layer.
  • the solar cell back sheet of the present invention uses polyamide (PA) instead of the conventional fluorine film material as a weathering layer, which not only ensures weather resistance but also greatly reduces the cost.
  • PA polyamide
  • PP polypropylene
  • the structural reinforcement layer instead of the traditional PET material, which avoids the poor resistance of the traditional PET structural reinforcement layer to moisture and heat hydrolysis, and the problem of embrittlement and cracking in the long-term moist heat environment, and can be matched with the PA weathering layer. Further improve the moisture and heat aging resistance of the back sheet.
  • the thickness ratio of the weatherable layer, the structural reinforcement layer and the reflective layer is controlled at 20-100: 40-400: 20-150, especially 30-60: 150-300: 20-150, or 50-100: 150-250: 50-100, the connection between the layers is stronger, the structure is more stable, and the best heat and humidity resistance is obtained.
  • the back sheet of the present invention can be prepared by multi-layer melt coextrusion, thereby eliminating the conventional adhesive, improving productivity, and being environmentally friendly.
  • Embodiment 1 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 2-4 of the present invention.
  • weathering layer 4, first connecting layer, 6, structural reinforcement layer, 12, reflective layer; 14, weathering layer, 16, first connecting layer, 18, structural reinforcement layer, 22, reflective layer, 24 , the second connection layer.
  • the heat-resistant solar cell back sheet is composed of a weathering layer 2, a first connecting layer 4, a structural reinforcing layer 6, and a reflective layer 12 which are sequentially laminated.
  • the weatherable layer 2 is made of a polyamide (PA), a heat stabilizer, a UV stabilizer, and an inorganic material.
  • PA polyamide
  • UV stabilizer UV stabilizer
  • the first tie layer 4 is a maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene.
  • the structural reinforcing layer 6 has a melting point of more than 145 ° C and is made of modified polypropylene.
  • the modified polypropylene is modified by blending homopolypropylene (homopolypropylene) and heat stabilizer.
  • the reflective layer 12 is a polyethylene alloy layer. It is modified by blending polyethylene, a copolymer containing ethylene (-CH 2 -CH 2 -), a UV stabilizer and an inorganic white pigment. More specifically, the reflective layer 12 is modified by blending low density polyethylene (LLDPE), ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), UV stabilizer, and titanium dioxide (Ti0 2 ).
  • LLDPE low density polyethylene
  • EPDM ethylene propylene diene monomer
  • Ti0 2 titanium dioxide
  • the weathering layer backsheet 2, a first connecting layer 4, the structure reinforcing layer 6, and the thickness of the reflective layer 12 of the other points is 1 J 50um, 25um, 250um, 50um.
  • the heat-resistant solar battery backboard differs from Embodiment 1 in that:
  • the weathering layer 14, the first connecting layer 16, the structural reinforcing layer 18, the second connecting layer 24, and the reflective layer 22 are sequentially composited.
  • the weatherable layer 14 is a biaxially stretched PA weather resistant film or made of polyamide (PA), a heat stabilizer, an anti-UV stabilizer, and an inorganic material.
  • PA polyamide
  • the weatherable layer 14 is a biaxially stretched PA weather resistant film or made of polyamide (PA), a heat stabilizer, an anti-UV stabilizer, and an inorganic material.
  • the first connection layer 16 is maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene or ethylene/butyl acrylate/maleic anhydride copolymerization
  • the structural reinforcement layer 18 has a melting point greater than 145 ° C and is made of a modified polypropylene or alloy.
  • the modified polypropylene is modified by homopolymeric polypropylene (homopolypropylene) and heat stabilizer, or by homopolypropylene.
  • the grafted polypropylene and the heat stabilizer are blended and modified.
  • the alloy is an alloy of modified polypropylene and engineering plastics.
  • the engineering plastic is polyamide.
  • the second connection layer 24 is the same as the first connection layer 16.
  • the weathering layer 14, the first connecting layer 16, the structural reinforcing layer 18, the second connecting layer 24, and the reflective layer 22 of the back sheet have thicknesses of 50-100 um, 15-40 um, 150-250 um, and 15-40 um, respectively. , said painting.
  • the materials of the first and second connecting layers, the material of the structural reinforcing layer and the material of the reflective layer are respectively granulated by an extruder to obtain first and second connecting layer plastic particles, structural reinforcing layer plastic particles and a reflective layer. Plastic particles are ready for use.
  • the film of the weathering layer is prepared by a general method in the industry or purchased.
  • the materials of the first and second connection layers, the material of the structural reinforcement layer, and the material of the reflective layer are respectively prepared according to the formulation of the corresponding layer by a method generally used in the industry.
  • the first and second connecting layer plastic particles prepared by the step (1), the structural reinforcing layer plastic particles and the reflective layer plastic particles are melt-coextruded through an extruder, and coated in the step (1) ) Prepared on the weathering film.
  • the melt extrusion temperature is from 180 ° C to 310 ° C, preferably from 240 ° C to 280 ° C.
  • the material of the weathering layer, the material of the first connecting layer, the material of the structural reinforcing layer and the material of the reflective layer are respectively granulated by an extruder to obtain weather resistant layer plastic particles, first connecting layer plastic particles, structural reinforcing layer plastic Particles and reflective layers of plastic particles are ready for use.
  • the material of the weather-resistant layer, the material of the first connecting layer, the material of the structural reinforcing layer, and the material of the reflective layer are respectively prepared in accordance with the formulation of the corresponding layer by a method common to the industry.
  • the weather-resistant layer plastic particles prepared by the step (1), the first connecting layer plastic particles, the structural reinforcing layer plastic particles, and the reflective layer plastic particles are melt-coextruded into a film by an extruder.
  • the melt extrusion temperature is from 180 ° C to 310 ° C, preferably from 240 ° C to 280 ° C.
  • the second connecting layer material may be added during the melt coextrusion in the above preparation method.
  • Comparative Example 1 FPE backsheet was prepared by conventional PVDF film, biaxially stretched PET film and EVA film coated with polyurethane adhesive in turn, and cured at high temperature to remove solvent. Comparative Example 2 Using a weather resistant PET film, a biaxially oriented PET film, and
  • the EVA film is sequentially coated with a polyester adhesive compound and cured at a high temperature to remove the solvent.
  • the test results include: 1. Peel strength test between weathering layer and structural reinforcement layer (180 degree, peel speed of 0.2m/min), using ASTM D1876 standard method; 2. QUV ultraviolet accelerated aging test
  • PVDF film Polyurethane adhesive Biaxial stretching PET Polyurethane adhesive EVA film ( 25um) ( lOum) Film (250 ( lOum) (50
  • Irganox B225 Irganox B225 a total of 0.5
  • Blending ( lOOum) (70 mixed (250 50 LLDPE,
  • Tinuvin770 mix (150
  • Blending ( lOOum) It should be noted that in Table 1: 3 ⁇ 4 layers should be multi-component, and the ratio between the components is in parts by weight.
  • Tinuvin770 is bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate, produced by BASF AG.
  • Irganox B225 is a heat stabilizer for BASF AG.
  • Lotader 4210 is an ethylene/butyl acrylate/maleic anhydride copolymer produced by Arkema, France.
  • Comparative Example 1 The back sheet is an FPE board produced by Toyo Aluminium Co., Ltd.
  • the PET film is a biaxially stretched weathering film, specifically a biaxially stretched white weathering film of the brand name Melinex produced by DuPont Teijin Co., Ltd., polyurethane
  • the adhesive is produced by Mitsui Chemicals, Japan, under the designation A-969V/A-5.
  • polypropylene in the maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene is a homopolypropylene.
  • the weather resistance of the backsheet of Examples 1-4 of the present invention is significantly improved compared with the weatherability of the comparative sheet 1-2 backsheet, and the peel strength can be maintained at a good level. It can be seen that the back sheet of the present invention is combined with a weather resistant layer and a structural reinforcing layer of a unique material, and has a strong superiority.
  • Embodiments 1-4 are merely typical solutions selected from the present invention.
  • the thickness ratio of the weather resistance layer, the structural reinforcement layer and the reflective layer of the back sheet of the present invention is controlled within 20-100: 40-400: 20-150, the measurement results of the above experiments are superior to the comparative examples 1-2, especially in 30-60: 150-300:20-
  • the back sheet of the present invention when the weather-resistant layer is made of polyamide, heat stabilizer, anti-UV stabilizer and inorganic material according to the general method in the industry, the measurement results of the above experiments are also superior to the comparative examples 1-2, not limited to The composition ratios of the examples are not specifically described one by one.
  • the back sheet of the present invention in the structural reinforcement layer by the general method of the industry from polypropylene and heat stabilizer, or by polypropylene
  • the measurement results of the above experiments are superior to those of the comparative examples 1-2, and are not limited to the component ratios of the examples, and the details thereof will not be repeated.
  • the back sheet of the present invention is subjected to the above experiment when the reflective layer is made of polyethylene, a copolymer containing ethylene (-CH 2 -CH 2 -), an anti-UV stabilizer and an inorganic white pigment according to a general method in the industry.
  • the measurement results are all superior to the comparative examples 1 to 2, and are not limited to the component ratios of the examples, and the details thereof will not be repeated.
  • the polyamide is selected from one or more of the following materials: polyamide 6, polyamide 66, polyamide 46, polyamide 610, polyamide 612, polyamide 614, polyamide 613, polyamide 615, polyamide 616, polyamide 11, polyamide 12, polyamide 10, polyamide 912, polyamide 913, polyamide 914, polyamide 915, polyamide 616, polyamide 1010, polyamide 1012, polyamide 1013, Polyamide 1014, polyamide 1210, polyamide 1212, polyamide 1213, polyamide 1214, poly(paraphthalic acid adipamide), polyphthalic acid terephthalate, polyterephthalate, poly(p-phenylene terephthalate) Dicarboxylic acid dodecyl amide, adipate adipamide / terephthalic acid adipamide copolyamide, terephthalic acid adipamide / isophthalic acid adipamide copolyamide, poly (m-xylamide adipate)
  • the first tie layer may be a maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene, an ethylene acrylic acid copolymer, or an ethylene acrylate maleic anhydride terpolymer. It is not limited to the materials of the examples.
  • the structural reinforcement layer in addition to the material of the examples, may also be polypropylene, or an alloy of polypropylene and engineering plastics.
  • the modified polypropylene may also be modified by blending polypropylene, heat stabilizer and inorganic filler, or blended by polypropylene, grafted polypropylene and heat stabilizer. It is modified or blended with polypropylene to add heat stabilizer, UV stabilizer, toughener and inorganic filler.
  • the inorganic filler is selected from the group consisting of calcium carbonate, titanium oxide, barium sulfate, mica, talc, kaolin, glass microbeads, and glass fibers.
  • the copolymer containing an ethylene segment (-CH 2 -CH 2 -) is selected from the group consisting of ethylene-propylene copolymer, B One or more of an ene-hexene copolymer, an ethylene-octene copolymer, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, and an ethylene acrylate copolymer.
  • the polyethylene, the anti-UV stabilizer, and the inorganic white pigment may each be a corresponding material commonly used in the industry, and are not limited to the examples.

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  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

耐湿热的太阳能电池背板，包括依次复合的耐候层、连接层、结构增强层和反射层，其特征在于：所述耐候层为双向拉伸PA耐候膜，或由聚酰胺、热稳定剂、抗紫外线稳定剂和无机材料制成；所述结构增强层由聚丙烯、改性聚丙烯、或者合金制成，所述合金为聚丙烯与工程塑料的合金，或者为改性聚丙烯与工程塑料的合金。太阳能电池背板，以聚酰胺（PA）代替传统的氟膜材料作为耐候层，不仅能保证耐候性能，而且成本大大降低。同时以聚丙烯（PP）代替传统的PET材料作为结构增强层，避免了传统PET结构增强层耐湿热水解性能差，在长期湿热环境使用中会脆化开裂的问题，从而能配合PA耐候层进一步提高背板的耐湿热老化性能。

Description

说 明 书
耐湿热的太阳能电池背板及其制造方法
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及光伏发电领域， 尤其涉及一种太阳能背板。
背景技术
[0002] 人类对能源的需求持续不断的增长， 目前以煤和石油等传统能源为主的 情形将无法得以持久， 使用可再生能源是解决人类能源挑战的唯一途径。 太阳 能光伏发电是可再生能源中最重要的一种。 世界各国都在争相发展太阳能光伏 发电， 并制定和实施光伏发电的线路图。 全球太阳能光伏产业在过去的五年， 以 50%以上的速度高速增长， 据预测， 在未来十年将以 30%以上的速度持续发 展。
[0003] 太阳能背板广泛应用于太阳能电池 （光伏） 组件， 位于太阳能电池板的 背面， 对电池片起保护和支撑作用， 需具备可靠的绝缘性、 阻水性和耐老化 性。 氟塑料薄膜耐长期户外老化性能优异， 被大量用来制备太阳能电池背板。 背板主要包括耐候层、 结构增强层和反射层三层结构， 而目前通常用到的背板 结构有 TPT结构和 TPE结构， 其中 T指杜邦公司的 Tedlar薄膜， 成分为聚氟 乙烯 （PVF)， P指聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯 （PET)薄膜， E指乙烯-醋酸乙烯树脂 (EVA)薄膜， 因此， TPT结构指 PVF薄膜/ PET薄膜/ PVF薄膜结构， 而 TPE 结构指 PVF薄膜 /PET薄膜/ EVA薄膜结构， 三层薄膜间用胶黏剂粘接。 TPT结 构的背板其典型生产商为欧洲的 Isovolta 公司。 TPE 结构的背板为美国的 Madico 公司的专利产品 （见专利申请 W02004/091901A2)。 目前， 还有一些公 司用聚偏氟乙烯 （PVDF) 薄膜替代 PVF薄膜， 提供 KPK结构和 KPE结构， 其中 K指 PVDF薄膜。 另外还有一些美国和日本公司尝试采用 ECTFE (乙烯三 氟氯乙烯共聚物）、 ETFE (乙烯四氟乙烯共聚物） 替代 PVF薄膜或 PVDF薄膜 作为背板耐候层材料。 3M公司则使用 THV (四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯 -偏氟乙烯） 薄 膜做太阳能电池背板的耐候层 （见专利申请 US2006/0280922A1) , 其结构为 THV/PET/EVA0
[0004] 虽然传统的背板中使用氟塑料薄膜， 其耐长期户外老化性能优异， 但 是， 氟塑料薄膜本身的成本高昂， 会限制其更大规模的应用。 另外， 传统背板 的结构增强层使用的 PET薄膜塑料， 其耐湿热水解性能差， 在长期湿热环境使 用中会脆化开裂， 导致太阳能电池性能的劣化或失效。
发明内容
[0005] 本发明克服了现有技术的不足， 提供一种层间联接牢固、 耐湿热老化性 能优良且成本低廉的太阳能电池背板， 对太阳能行业有非常重要的意义。
[0006] 为达到上述目的， 本发明采用的技术方案为： 耐湿热的太阳能电池背 板， 包括依次复合的耐候层、 连接层、 结构增强层和反射层， 其特征在于： 所 述耐候层为双向拉伸 PA耐候膜， 或由聚酰胺、 热稳定剂、 抗紫外线稳定剂和 无机材料制成； 所述结构增强层由聚丙烯、 改性聚丙烯、 或者合金制成， 所述 合金为聚丙烯与工程塑料的合金， 或者为改性聚丙烯与工程塑料的合金。
[0007] 优选的， 所述聚酰胺为选自下述组分中的一种或多种的组合： 聚酰胺 6、 聚酰胺 66、 聚酰胺 46、 聚酰胺 610、 聚酰胺 612、 聚酰胺 614、 聚酰胺 613、 聚酰胺 615、 聚酰胺 616、 聚酰胺 11、 聚酰胺 12、 聚酰胺 10、 聚酰胺 912、 聚酰胺 913、 聚酰胺 914、 聚酰胺 915、 聚酰胺 616、 聚酰胺 1010、 聚酰 胺 1012、 聚酰胺 1013、 聚酰胺 1014、 聚酰胺 1210、 聚酰胺 1212、 聚酰胺 1213、 聚酰胺 1214、 聚对苯二甲酸己二酰胺、 聚对苯二甲酸壬二酰胺、 聚对苯 二甲酸癸二酰胺、 聚对苯二甲酸十二二酰胺、 己二酸己二酰胺 /对苯二甲酸己二 酰胺共聚酰胺、 对苯二甲酸己二酰胺 /间苯二甲酸己二酰胺共聚酰胺、 聚己二酸 间二甲苯酰胺、 对苯二甲酸己二酰胺 /对苯二甲酸 2-甲基戊二酰胺、 己二酸己二 酰胺 /对苯二甲酸己二酰胺 /间苯二甲酸己二酰胺共聚酰胺、 聚己内酰胺-对苯二 甲酸己二酰胺。
[0008] 优选的， 所述结构增强层的熔点大于 145 °C。
[0009] 优选的， 所述改性聚丙烯由所述聚丙烯和热稳定剂共混改性而成， 或者 由所述聚丙烯、 接枝聚丙烯和热稳定剂共混改性而成， 或者由所述聚丙烯、 热 稳定剂和无机填料共混改性而成。
[0010] 进一歩优选的， 所述聚丙烯选自均聚聚丙烯 （均聚 PP)、 共聚聚丙烯和 嵌段共聚聚丙烯中的一种或几种。
[0011] 进一歩优选的， 所述改性聚丙烯由所述聚丙烯、 热稳定剂和无机填料共 混改性而成。 无机填料选自碳酸钙、 二氧化钛、 硫酸钡、 云母、 滑石、 高岭 土、 玻璃微珠和玻璃纤维中的一种。
[0012] 优选的， 所述工程塑料为聚酰胺或聚苯醚。
[0013] 优选的， 所述连接层为马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯、 乙烯丙烯酸共聚物、 或乙 烯丙烯酸酯马来酸酐三元共聚物。
[0014] 进一歩优选的， 所述连接层为乙烯 /丙烯酸丁酯 /马来酸酐共聚物或马来 酸酐接枝聚丙烯。
[0015] 优选的， 所述耐候层、 结构增强层和反射层的厚度比例为 20-100: 40- 400:20-150。
[0016] 优选的， 所述耐候层、 结构增强层和反射层的厚度比例为 30-60: 150- 300:20-150。
[0017] 优选的， 所述耐候层、 结构增强层和反射层的厚度比例为 50-100: 150- 250:50-100。
[0018] 优选的， 所述反射层是聚乙烯合金层。
[0019] 进一歩优选的， 所述反射层是由聚乙烯、 含乙烯链段 (-CH2-CH2-)的共聚 物、 抗紫外线稳定剂和无机白色颜料共混改性而成。
[0020] 进一歩优选的， 所述反射层是由低密度聚乙烯 （LLDPE)、 乙烯和醋酸 的共聚物 （EVA)、 抗紫外线稳定剂和二氧化钛 （Ti02) 共混改性而成。
[0021] 进一歩优选的， 所述反射层是由低密度聚乙烯 （LLDPE)、 三元乙丙橡 胶 （EPDM)、 抗紫外线稳定剂和二氧化钛 （Ti02) 共混改性而成。
[0022] 优选的， 所述结构增强层和反射层之间也设有所述连接层， 即太阳能电 池背板由依次复合的耐候层、 连接层、 结构增强层、 连接层和反射层组成。
[0023] 本发明还提供以下两种制造上述太阳能背板的方法。
[0024] 方法一， 包括如下歩骤：
( 1 ) 耐候层的材料、 连接层的材料、 结构增强层的材料和反射层的材料分别 经挤出机造粒， 得到耐候层塑料粒子、 连接层塑料粒子、 结构增强层塑料粒子 和反射层塑料粒子备用；
( 2) 将歩骤 （1 ) 准备的耐候层塑料粒子、 连接层塑料粒子、 结构增强层塑料 粒子和反射层塑料粒子通过挤出机熔融共挤。
[0025] 方法二， 包括如下歩骤：
( 1 ) 连接层的材料、 结构增强层的材料和反射层的材料分别经挤出机造粒， 得到连接层塑料粒子、 结构增强层塑料粒子和反射层塑料粒子备用；
( 2) 将歩骤 （1 ) 准备的连接层塑料粒子、 结构增强层塑料粒子和反射层塑料 粒子通过挤出机熔融共挤， 并涂覆在耐候层上。
[0026] 本发明解决了背景技术中存在的缺陷， 具有如下有益效果：
1.本发明的太阳能电池背板， 以聚酰胺 （PA ) 代替传统的氟膜材料作为耐候 层， 不仅能保证耐候性能， 而且成本大大降低。 同时以聚丙烯 （PP) 代替传统 的 PET 材料作为结构增强层， 避免了传统 PET 结构增强层耐湿热水解性能 差， 在长期湿热环境使用中会脆化开裂的问题， 并能配合 PA 耐候层进一歩提 高背板的耐湿热老化性能。
[0027] 2. 耐候层、 结构增强层和反射层的厚度比例控制在 20-100: 40-400:20- 150, 尤其是 30-60： 150-300:20-150, 或 50-100： 150-250:50-100, 层间连接更 加牢固， 结构更稳定， 同时可获得最佳的耐湿热老化性能。
[0028] 3. 本发明背板可以采用多层熔融共挤的方式制备， 从而免去传统胶黏 剂， 提高生产率， 并且有利于环保。
附图说明
[0029] 下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一歩说明。
[0030] 图 1是本发明实施例 1的结构示意图；
图 2是本发明实施例 2-4的结构示意图；
图中： 2、 耐候层， 4、 第一连接层， 6、 结构增强层， 12、 反射层； 14、 耐候 层， 16、 第一连接层， 18、 结构增强层， 22、 反射层， 24、 第二连接层。
具体实施方式 [0031] 现在结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一歩详细的说明， 这些附图均为简 化的示意图， 仅以示意方式说明本发明的基本结构， 因此其仅显示与本发明有 关的构成。
[0032] 实施例 1
如图 1 所示， 耐湿热的太阳能电池背板， 由依次复合的耐候层 2、 第一连接层 4、 结构增强层 6和反射层 12组成。
[0033] 耐候层 2 由聚酰胺 （PA)、 热稳定剂、 抗紫外线稳定剂和无机材料制 成。
[0034] 第一连接层 4为马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯。
[0035] 结构增强层 6 的熔点大于 145°C， 由改性聚丙烯制成。 改性聚丙烯则由 均聚聚丙烯 （均聚 PP) 和热稳定剂共混改性而成。
[0036] 反射层 12 是聚乙烯合金层。 由聚乙烯、 含乙烯链段 (-CH2-CH2-)的共聚 物、 抗紫外线稳定剂和无机白色颜料共混改性而成。 更具体的， 反射层 12 是 由低密度聚乙烯 （LLDPE)、 三元乙丙橡胶 （EPDM)、 抗紫外线稳定剂和二氧 化钛 （Ti02) 共混改性而成。
[0037] 背板的耐候层 2、 第一连接层 4、 结构增强层 6、 和反射层 12的厚度分 另1 J为 50um、 25um、 250um、 50um。
[0038] 实施例 2-4
如图 2所示， 耐湿热的太阳能电池背板， 与实施例 1的区别在于：
由依次复合的耐候层 14、 第一连接层 16、 结构增强层 18、 第二连接层 24和反 射层 22组成。
[0039] 耐候层 14为双向拉伸 PA耐候膜或由聚酰胺 （PA)、 热稳定剂、 抗紫外 线稳定剂和无机材料制成。
[0040] 第一连接层 16为马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯或乙烯 /丙烯酸丁酯 /马来酸酐共聚
[0041] 结构增强层 18 的熔点大于 145°C， 由改性聚丙烯或合金制成。 改性聚 丙烯由均聚聚丙烯 （均聚 PP) 和热稳定剂共混改性而成， 或者由均聚聚丙烯、 接枝聚丙烯和热稳定剂共混改性而成。 合金为改性聚丙烯与工程塑料的合金。 工程塑料为聚酰胺。
[0042] 第二连接层 24与第一连接层 16相同。
[0043] 背板的耐候层 14、 第一连接层 16、 结构增强层 18、 第二连接层 24、 和 反射层 22 的厚度分别为 50-100um、 15-40um、 150-250um、 15-40um、 謂画。
[0044] 实施例 1-4太阳能背板的具体参数见表 1。
[0045] 下面以实施例 2-4太阳能背板的制造方法来说明本发明的第一种制造方 法， 该方法包括如下歩骤：
( 1 ) 第一、 第二连接层的材料、 结构增强层的材料和反射层的材料分别经挤 出机造粒， 得到第一、 第二连接层塑料粒子、 结构增强层塑料粒子和反射层塑 料粒子备用。 采用本行业通用方法制备耐候层的膜或外购备用。
[0046] 第一、 第二连接层的材料、 结构增强层的材料和反射层的材料分别是按 照对应层的配方采用本行业通用之方法准备。
[0047] ( 2) 将歩骤 （1 ) 准备的第一、 第二连接层塑料粒子、 结构增强层塑料 粒子和反射层塑料粒子通过挤出机熔融共挤， 并涂覆在歩骤 （1 ) 准备的耐候 层膜上。 熔融挤出温度在 180°C - 310°C , 优选 240°C - 280°C。
[0048] 下面以实施例 1 太阳能背板的制造方法来说明本发明的第二种制造方 法， 该方法包括如下歩骤：
( 1 ) 耐候层的材料、 第一连接层的材料、 结构增强层的材料和反射层的材料 分别经挤出机造粒， 得到耐候层塑料粒子、 第一连接层塑料粒子、 结构增强层 塑料粒子和反射层塑料粒子备用。
[0049] 耐候层的材料、 第一连接层的材料、 结构增强层的材料和反射层的材料 分别是按照对应层的配方采用本行业通用之方法准备。
[0050] ( 2) 将歩骤 （1 ) 准备的耐候层塑料粒子、 第一连接层塑料粒子、 结构 增强层塑料粒子和反射层塑料粒子通过挤出机熔融共挤成膜。 熔融挤出温度在 180°C - 310°C , 优选 240°C - 280°C。 [0051] 如果结构增强层和反射层之间还设有第二连接层， 上述制备方法中在熔 融共挤时增加第二连接层材料即可。
[0052] 为证明本发明太阳能背板的耐候性能和强度， 对其进行下述的测定实 验。 并且选取对比例 1-2两种背板作为对比。 其中， 对比例 1 : FPE背板采用 传统 PVDF膜、 双向拉伸 PET膜和 EVA膜依次涂覆聚氨酯胶黏剂复合， 高温 去除溶剂固化的方式制得。 对比例 2采用耐候的 PET膜、 双向拉伸 PET膜和
EVA膜依次涂覆聚酯胶黏剂复合， 高温去除溶剂固化的方法制得。 测定实验包 括： 1.耐候层和结构增强层间的剥离强度测试 （180 度， 0.2m/min 的剥离速 度）， 采用 ASTM D1876 标准方法； 2. QUV 紫外加速老化测试
( UVA+UVB,30kWh/m2 ) , 采用 IEC61215 标准方法， 测定外观及黄变；
3. HAST高压加速老化试验机 96小时老化 （121 °C 100%湿度） 后的外观， 采 用 ASTM D1868标准方法； 4.Damp-Heat3000小时老化 （85°C, 85%湿度） 后的 组件功率衰减， 采用的 IEC61215标准方法。
[0053] 对比例 1-2和实施例 1-4的测定结果记录在表 2中。
[0054] 表 1
第一连接层 结构增强层 第二连接层 反射层 （ 厚 耐候层 （厚度）
(厚度） (厚度） (厚度） 度）
PVDF 膜 聚氨酯胶黏剂 双向拉伸 PET 聚氨酯胶黏剂 EVA 膜 ( 25um) ( lOum) 膜 （250 ( lOum) (50
聚氨酯胶黏剂 双向拉伸 PET 聚氨酯胶黏剂 EVA 膜 对比例 2 PET膜 （50um)
( lOum) 膜 （250 ( lOum) (50
100 份 PA12、 50份 LLDPE、 0.5 份 100 份均聚 PP 50份 EPDM、
100份马来酸酐
Tinuvin770、 0.3 和 0.3 份 10 份 Ή02 和 实施例 1 接枝聚丙烯 \
份 Irganox B225 Irganox B225共 0.5 份
( 25um)
和 10份 Ή02共 混 （250 Tinuvin770 共 混 （50um) 混 （50um)
100份 PA6、 0.5
50份 LLDPE、 份 Tinuvin770、 100 份均聚 PP
100份马来酸酐 100份马来酸酐 50份 EVA、 10 0.3 份 Irganox 和 0.3 份
实施例 2 接枝聚丙烯 接枝聚丙烯 份 Ή02和 0.5
B225 和 10 份 Irganox B225共
(40 (40 份 Tinuvin770 Ti02 共 混 混 ( 150
共混 ( lOOum) ( lOOum)
100份 PA6、 0.5 60份均聚 PP、
50份 LLDPE、 份 Tinuvin770、 30 份 PA6、 10
50份 EVA、 10 0.3 份 Irganox 100 份 Lotader 份马来酸酐接 100 份 Lotader 实施例 3 份 Ή02和 0.5
B225 和 10 份 4210 ( 15um) 枝 PP和 0.3份 4210 ( 15um)
份 Tinuvin770 Ti02 共 混 Irganox B225共
共混 ( lOOum) (70 混 （250 50份 LLDPE、
100 份共聚 PP
50份 EVA、 10 双向拉伸 PA6 100 份 Lotader 和 0.3 份 100 份 Lotader 实施例 4 份 Ή02和 0.5 耐候膜 （50um) 4210 (30um) Irganox B225共 4210 (30um)
份 Tinuvin770 混 （ 150
共混 ( lOOum) 需要说明的是， 表 1中： ¾应层为多组分的， 各组分间比例为重量份比例。
[0055] Tinuvin770 为双 (2,2,6,6-四甲基 -4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯， 巴斯夫股份公司生 产。 IrganoxB225为巴斯夫股份公司生产的热稳定剂。 Lotader 4210为乙烯 /丙烯 酸丁酯 /马来酸酐共聚物， 由法国阿科玛公司生产。 对比例 1背板为日本东洋铝 业公司生产的 FPE板， 对比例 2中， PET膜为双向拉伸耐候膜， 具体可以是杜 邦帝人公司生产的牌号为 Melinex 的双向拉伸白色耐候膜， 聚氨酯胶黏剂则为 日本三井化学生产， 牌号 A-969V/A-5。
[0056] 另外， 马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯中的聚丙烯是均聚聚丙烯。
[0057] 表 2
Figure imgf000010_0001
由表 1、 表 2可知， 本发明实施例 1-4背板的耐候性较对比例 1-2背板的耐候性 有明显的提高， 同时剥离强度也能保持在较好水平。 可见本发明的背板以特有 材质的耐候层和结构增强层组合， 具有很强的优越性。
[0058] 需要说明的是， 实施例 1-4仅是从本发明选取的典型方案。 本发明背板 的耐候层、 结构增强层和反射层的厚度比例控制在 20-100: 40-400:20-150以内 时， 进行上述实验的测定结果均优于对比例 1-2， 尤其在 30-60: 150-300:20-
150 时更佳。 具体不再一一赘述。 本发明背板， 在耐候层按本行业通用方法由 聚酰胺、 热稳定剂、 抗紫外线稳定剂和无机材料制成时， 进行上述实验的测定 结果也均优于对比例 1-2， 不限于实施例的组分比例， 具体不再一一赘述。 本 发明背板， 在结构增强层按本行业通用方法由聚丙烯和热稳定剂， 或者由聚丙 烯、 接枝聚丙烯、 热稳定剂和聚酰胺制成时， 进行上述实验的测定结果均优于 对比例 1-2， 不限于实施例的组分比例， 具体不再一一赘述。 本发明背板， 在 反射层按本行业通用方法由聚乙烯、 含乙烯链段 (-CH2-CH2-)的共聚物、 抗紫外 线稳定剂和无机白色颜料制成时， 进行上述实验的测定结果均优于对比例 1- 2， 不限于实施例的组分比例， 具体不再一一赘述。
[0059] 需要说明的是， 本发明的背板：
1.耐候层中， 聚酰胺选自下述材料的一种或多种： 聚酰胺 6、 聚酰胺 66、 聚酰 胺 46、 聚酰胺 610、 聚酰胺 612、 聚酰胺 614、 聚酰胺 613、 聚酰胺 615、 聚酰 胺 616、 聚酰胺 11、 聚酰胺 12、 聚酰胺 10、 聚酰胺 912、 聚酰胺 913、 聚酰胺 914、 聚酰胺 915、 聚酰胺 616、 聚酰胺 1010、 聚酰胺 1012、 聚酰胺 1013、 聚 酰胺 1014、 聚酰胺 1210、 聚酰胺 1212、 聚酰胺 1213、 聚酰胺 1214、 聚对苯二 甲酸己二酰胺、 聚对苯二甲酸壬二酰胺、 聚对苯二甲酸癸二酰胺、 聚对苯二甲 酸十二二酰胺、 己二酸己二酰胺 /对苯二甲酸己二酰胺共聚酰胺、 对苯二甲酸己 二酰胺 /间苯二甲酸己二酰胺共聚酰胺、 聚己二酸间二甲苯酰胺、 对苯二甲酸己 二酰胺 /对苯二甲酸 2-甲基戊二酰胺、 己二酸己二酰胺 /对苯二甲酸己二酰胺 /间 苯二甲酸己二酰胺共聚酰胺、 聚己内酰胺-对苯二甲酸己二酰胺。 无机材料可以 为二氧化钛或硫酸钡， 抗紫外线稳定剂和热稳定剂则可采用本行业通用之相应 材料， 不限于实施例使用的材料。
[0060] 2.第一连接层， 可以是马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯、 乙烯丙烯酸共聚物， 或乙 烯丙烯酸酯马来酸酐三元共聚物。 不限于实施例的材料。
[0061] 3.结构增强层， 除实施例的材料， 还可以是聚丙烯， 或聚丙烯与工程塑 料的合金。 当结构增强层选用改性聚丙烯时， 改性聚丙烯还可以是由聚丙烯、 热稳定剂和无机填料共混改性而成， 或者由聚丙烯、 接枝聚丙烯和热稳定剂共 混改性而成， 或者聚丙烯中加入热稳定剂、 抗紫外线稳定剂、 增韧剂和无机填 料共混改性而成。 无机填料选自碳酸钙、 二氧化钛、 硫酸钡、 云母、 滑石、 高 岭土、 玻璃微珠和玻璃纤维中的一种。
[0062] 4.反射层中， 含乙烯链段 (-CH2-CH2-)的共聚物选自乙烯-丙烯共聚物、 乙 烯-己烯共聚物、 乙烯-辛烯共聚物、 乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物和乙烯丙烯酸酯共 聚物中的一种或几种。 聚乙烯、 抗紫外线稳定剂和无机白色颜料分别可以是本 行业通用的对应材料， 不限于实施例。
[0063] 以上依据本发明的理想实施例为启示， 通过上述的说明内容， 相关人员 完全可以在不偏离本项发明技术思想的范围内， 进行多样的变更以及修改。 本 项发明的技术性范围并不局限于说明书上的内容， 必须要根据权利要求范围来 确定技术性范围。

Claims

要 求 书
1. 耐湿热的太阳能电池背板， 包括依次复合的耐候层、 连接层、 结构增强 层和反射层，其特征在于：所述耐候层为双向拉伸 PA耐候膜，或由聚酰胺（PA)、 热稳定剂、 抗紫外线稳定剂和无机材料制成； 所述结构增强层由聚丙烯、 改性 聚丙烯、 或者合金制成， 所述合金为聚丙烯与工程塑料的合金， 或者为改性聚 丙烯与工程塑料的合金。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的耐湿热的太阳能电池背板， 其特征在于： 所述耐 候层、 结构增强层和反射层的厚度比例为 20-100: 40-400:20-150。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的耐湿热的太阳能电池背板， 其特征在于： 所述耐 候层、 结构增强层和反射层的厚度比例为 30-60: 150-300:20-150。
4. 根据权利要求 1所述的耐湿热的太阳能电池背板， 其特征在于： 所述结 构增强层和反射层之间也设有所述连接层。
5. 根据权利要求 1所述的耐湿热的太阳能电池背板， 其特征在于： 所述结 构增强层的熔点大于 145°C ;所述改性聚丙烯由所述聚丙烯和热稳定剂共混改性 而成， 或者由所述聚丙烯、 接枝聚丙烯和热稳定剂共混改性而成， 或者由所述 聚丙烯、 热稳定剂和无机填料共混改性而成； 所述聚丙烯选自均聚聚丙烯 （均 聚 PP)、共聚聚丙烯和嵌段共聚聚丙烯中的一种或几种，所述无机填料选自碳酸 钙、 二氧化钛、 硫酸钡、 云母、 滑石、 高岭土、 玻璃微珠和玻璃纤维中的一种； 所述工程塑料为聚酰胺或聚苯醚。
6. 根据权利要求 1-5任一项所述的耐湿热的太阳能电池背板， 其特征在于: 所述连接层由马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯、 乙烯丙烯酸共聚物、 或乙烯丙烯酸酯马来 酸酐三元共聚物制成。
7. 制造如权利要求 1-6任一项所述的耐湿热的太阳能电池背板的方法， 其 (1) 耐候层的材料、 连接层的材料、 结构增强层的材料和反射层的材料分 别经挤出机造粒， 得到耐候层塑料粒子、 连接层塑料粒子、 结构增强层塑料粒 子和反射层塑料粒子备用；
(2) 将歩骤 （1) 准备的耐候层塑料粒子、 连接层塑料粒子、 结构增强层 塑料粒子和反射层塑料粒子通过挤出机熔融共挤。
8. 制造如权利要求 1-6任一项所述的耐湿热的太阳能电池背板的方法， 其 特征在于， 包括如下歩骤：
(1)连接层的材料、结构增强层的材料和反射层的材料分别经挤出机造粒， 得到连接层塑料粒子、 结构增强层塑料粒子和反射层塑料粒子备用；
(2) 将歩骤 （1) 准备的连接层塑料粒子、 结构增强层塑料粒子和反射层 塑料粒子通过挤出机熔融共挤， 并涂覆在耐候层上。
PCT/CN2014/083604 2014-01-08 2014-08-04 耐湿热的太阳能电池背板及其制造方法 WO2015103872A1 (zh)

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