CN107658354A - 一种背接触式太阳能电池导电背板 - Google Patents
一种背接触式太阳能电池导电背板 Download PDFInfo
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- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
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- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种背接触式太阳能电池导电背板，包括依次设置的耐候层、粘合层、结构增强层、连接层、金属导电层，其特征在于，所述耐候层为聚酰胺制成，所述结构增强层为聚丙烯或聚丙烯合金，所述金属导电层为铜箔。本发明的有益效果是：1.本采用背接触式，能够增加光伏组件的光照面积，提高发电效率。2.传统PET背板水汽透过率＞2克/立方厘米·天，本发明背板的阻水性能更优，水汽透过率＜1克/立方厘米·天，这样在太阳能组件使用过程中，金属导电层不会被水汽腐蚀，造成短路甚至组件报废。3.采用聚酰胺代替传统背板的氟塑料薄膜，成本降低，同时能够避免氟污染。
Description
本申请是2014年11月17日提交的申请号为201410655173.7、发明名称为“一种背接触式太阳能电池导电背板”的中国专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种背接触式太阳能电池导电背板。
背景技术
在光伏电池中，需要通过串联或并联的方式将多个光伏模块连接到一起，这样在光伏电池的表面就会有多条金属栅线。为了减少表面遮光就要把栅线做得很细，但是细的栅线又会使得电极接触电阻增加，同时也增加了工艺难度。
背接触光伏电池将栅线和电接点移到了电池的背面，降低或完全消除了正面网格的遮光，增大了受光面积，提高了光伏组件的发电效率；同时由于正负电极均位于电池背面，可简化电池封装工艺，更容易实现自动化，并且可以调节背面基极和发射极所占的面积比例，降低电极的接触电阻。不仅如此，背接触光伏电池也将更加美观。因此，背接触光伏电池将是未来光伏领域的发展方向，具有广阔的市场前景。
在背接触式电池的众多类型中，金属穿透式背电极太阳能电池(MetallizationWrap Through，MWT)转化率较高且易于实现工业化。在MWT电池中，金属经由数量有限的小孔由前表面卷绕至后表面。这样，太阳能背板上必须设计支撑连接电路，与电池的两个电极(基极和发射极)连接，形成电路。背接触式太阳能电池导电背板，通过对传统背板进行改进，将连接电路直接实施在太阳能背板上，这样背接触电池的封装将更加简单。
太阳能背板主要包括耐候层、结构增强层和反射层三层结构，而目前通常用到的背板结构有TPT结构和TPE结构，其中T指杜邦公司的Tedlar薄膜，成分为聚氟乙烯(PVF)，P指聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)薄膜，E指乙烯-醋酸乙烯树脂(EVA)薄膜，因此，TPT结构指PVF薄膜/PET薄膜/PVF薄膜结构，而TPE结构指PVF薄膜/PET薄膜/EVA薄膜结构，三层薄膜间用胶黏剂粘接。传统背板中用到使用氟塑料薄膜作为耐候层，其耐长期户外老化性能优异，但是，氟塑料薄膜本身的成本高昂，会限制其更大规模的应用。另外，氟塑料薄膜优异的耐老化性能是其优点，同时也是其缺点。那就是在未来太阳能组件报废的时候，这些材料需要进行回收处理，而氟塑料薄膜本身优异的耐腐蚀、耐老化性能，阻止了环境对其降解处理的能力，而且，由于太阳能背板多为多层复合而成，由于其各层材料不同，回收再加工困难。未来，氟塑料污染将比现在的白色污染更难处理。另外，传统背板的结构增强层使用的PET薄膜塑料，其耐湿热水解性能差，在长期湿热环境使用中会脆化开裂，导致太阳能电池性能的劣化或失效。传统PET背板水汽透过率＞2克/立方厘米·天，这样在太阳能组件使用过程中，背接触式导电背板其金属导电层很容易受到水汽腐蚀，造成短路甚至组件报废。因此，研究开发一种成本低、耐老化性优、水汽阻隔性能好的背接触式导电背板，不仅能够增加光伏组件的发电效率，更能提高光伏组件使用寿命，对现今光伏产业的发展有着重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种背接触式太阳能电池导电背板。
本发明是通过以下技术方案来实现：
一种背接触式太阳能电池导电背板，包括依次设置的耐候层、粘合层、结构增强层、连接层、金属导电层，所述耐候层为聚酰胺制成，所述结构增强层为聚丙烯或聚丙烯合金，所述金属导电层为铜箔。加入金属导电层，采用背接触式，能够增加光伏组件的光照面积，提高发电效率。采用聚丙烯合金层作结构增强层，代替传统背板的PET聚酯层，其耐水解、耐老化性能更优。采用聚酰胺作耐候层，代替传统背板的氟塑料薄膜，具备优异的耐老化性能，成本降低，同时能够避免氟污染。本专利背板的水汽透过率＜1克/立方厘米·天，优于传统背板的2克/立方厘米·天，能够保护金属导电层在光伏组件的使用中不被水汽侵蚀，延长了光伏组件的使用寿命。
进一步，所述聚酰胺为选自下述组分中的一种或多种的组合：聚酰胺6、聚酰胺66、聚酰胺46、聚酰胺410、聚酰胺610、聚酰胺612、聚酰胺614、聚酰胺613、聚酰胺615、聚酰胺616、聚酰胺11、聚酰胺12、聚酰胺10、聚酰胺912、聚酰胺913、聚酰胺914、聚酰胺915、聚酰胺616、聚酰胺1010、聚酰胺1012、聚酰胺1013、聚酰胺1014、聚酰胺1210、聚酰胺1212、聚酰胺1213、聚酰胺1214、聚对苯二甲酸己二酰胺、聚对苯二甲酸壬二酰胺、聚对苯二甲酸癸二酰胺、聚对苯二甲酸十二二酰胺、己二酸己二酰胺/对苯二甲酸己二酰胺共聚酰胺、对苯二甲酸己二酰胺/间苯二甲酸己二酰胺共聚酰胺、聚己二酸间二甲苯酰胺、对苯二甲酸己二酰胺/对苯二甲酸2-甲基戊二酰胺、己二酸己二酰胺/对苯二甲酸己二酰胺/间苯二甲酸己二酰胺共聚酰胺、聚己内酰胺-对苯二甲酸己二酰胺；所述聚丙烯合金为聚丙烯或改性聚丙烯与工程塑料的合金；所述工程塑料为聚酰胺或聚苯醚；所述聚丙烯选自均聚聚丙烯、共聚聚丙烯和嵌段共聚聚丙烯中的一种或几种。
进一步，所述连接层为乙烯、丙烯酸酯类、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯三者的二元或者三元共聚物，或马来酸酐接枝的烯烃类的聚合物。
作为一种优选方式，所述结构增强层和连接层之间加入粘合层。
进一步，所述粘合层为马来酸酐接枝的烯烃类的聚合物，所述马来酸酐接枝的烯烃类的聚合物为以下一种或多种的组合：马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯、马来酸酐与乙烯的共聚物、马来酸酐接枝的乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、马来酸酐接枝的乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物、马来酸酐接枝的乙烯-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物、马来酸酐接枝的乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯共聚物，马来酸酐接枝的聚丙烯。
进一步，所述的粘合层和连接层分别与POE弹性体共混改性；所述POE弹性体为乙烯、丙烯、丁烯、己烯、辛烯的二元或多元共聚物。
进一步，所述的耐候层、粘合层、结构增强层和连接层均加入热稳定剂、抗氧化剂和无机填料，所述无机填料选自碳酸钙、二氧化钛、硫酸钡、云母、滑石、高岭土、玻璃微珠和玻璃纤维中的一种。
进一步，所述金属导电层需要通过切割或研磨形成电路。
进一步，所述耐候层的厚度在10-100微米，所述粘合层的厚度在10-100微米，所述结构增强层的厚度在100-500微米，所述连接层的厚度在10-100微米，所述金属导电层的厚度在10-100微米。
作为一种优选方案，所述耐候层的厚度在20-50微米，所述粘合层的厚度在20-50微米，所述结构增强层的厚度为100-300微米，所述连接层的厚度在20-50微米，所述金属导电层的厚度在20-50微米。
进一步，将所述耐候层、粘合层、结构增强层、连接层塑料粒子分别通过挤出机挤出到同一模具内，金属层在挤出的同时复合到连接层上，一步成型。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
1.本专利在太阳能背板上附加金属导电层，并通过切割或研磨形成电路，采用背接触式，能够增加光伏组件的光照面积，提高发电效率。
2.本专利结构增强层为聚丙烯合金层，代替传统背板的PET聚酯层，其耐水解、耐老化性能更优。传统PET背板水汽透过率＞2克/立方厘米·天，本专利背板的阻水性能更优，水汽透过率＜1克/立方厘米·天，这样在太阳能组件使用过程中，金属导电层不会被水汽腐蚀，造成短路甚至组件报废。
3.采用聚酰胺代替传统背板的氟塑料薄膜，成本降低，同时能够避免氟污染。
附图说明
图1为实施例1的结构示意图。
图2为实施例2的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明：
实施例1
如图1所示，背接触式太阳能电池导电背板，由依次复合的耐候层1，粘合层2，结构增强层3，连接层4，金属导电层5组成。
耐候层1由聚酰胺(PA)、稳定剂、抗氧化剂和无机材料制成，具体为100重量份PA12、0.3重量份Irganox 245和3重量份TiO2共混，经过挤出机造粒。其中，Irganox 245为巴斯夫股份公司生产的热稳定剂。
粘合层2为80重量份马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯、20重量份乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物、0.3重量份Irganox B225共混而成。其中，Irganox B225为巴斯夫股份公司生产的热稳定剂。
结构增强层3由改性聚丙烯制成。改性聚丙烯则由均聚聚丙烯(均聚PP)和热稳定剂共混改性而成，具体为100份均聚PP、10份聚苯醚PPO和0.3份Irganox B225共混，经过挤出机造粒。
连接层4为80份马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯、20份乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物、0.3份Irganox B225共混而成。
以上四层材料通过多层挤出机熔融共挤，同时在连接层4上复合金属导电层，厚度为25微米的铜箔，并通过切割形成电路。五层厚度分别为30/20/250/50/25微米，由此制的背接触式太阳能电池导电背板总厚度375微米。铜箔的层间剥离强度为11.6N/cm，Damp-Heat 1000小时老化(85℃，85％湿度)后的铜箔的层间剥离强度为9.8N/cm。其中，剥离强度测试(180度，0.2m/min剥离速度)参考标准为ASTM D1876，Damp-Heat湿热老化(85℃，85％湿度，1000h)参考标准为IEC61215。
实施例2
如图2所示，一种背接触式太阳能电池导电背板，由依次复合的耐候层1，粘合层2，结构增强层3，粘合层6，连接层4，金属导电层5组成。
耐候层1由聚酰胺(PA)、稳定剂、抗氧化剂和无机材料制成，具体为100份PA12、0.3份Irganox-245和3份TiO2共混，经过挤出机造粒。
粘合层2、粘合层6为100份马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯、0.3份Irganox B225共混而成。
结构增强层3由改性聚丙烯制成。改性聚丙烯则由均聚聚丙烯(均聚PP)和热稳定剂共混改性而成，具体为100份均聚PP、10份聚苯醚PPO和0.3份Irganox B225共混，经过挤出机造粒。
连接层4为40份含有环氧基团的乙烯共聚物PTW、60份LLDPE、0.3份Irganox B225共混而成，其中PTW为美国杜邦化工集团(中国)有限公司生产。
以上五层材料通过多层挤出机熔融共挤，同时在连接层4上复合金属导电层，厚度为25微米的铜箔，并通过切割形成电路。六层厚度分别为30/20/250/20/50/25微米，由此制的背接触式太阳能电池导电背板总厚度395微米。铜箔的层间剥离强度为13.2N/cm，Damp-Heat 1000小时老化(85℃，85％湿度)后的铜箔的层间剥离强度为11.4N/cm。
凡在不脱离本发明核心的情况下做出的简单的变形或修改均落入本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种背接触式太阳能电池导电背板，包括依次设置的耐候层、粘合层、结构增强层、连接层、金属导电层，其特征在于，所述耐候层为聚酰胺制成，所述结构增强层为聚丙烯或聚丙烯合金，所述金属导电层为铜箔。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种背接触式太阳能电池导电背板，其特征在于，所述聚酰胺为选自下述组分中的一种或多种的组合：聚酰胺6、聚酰胺66、聚酰胺46、聚酰胺410、聚酰胺610、聚酰胺612、聚酰胺614、聚酰胺613、聚酰胺615、聚酰胺616、聚酰胺11、聚酰胺12、聚酰胺10、聚酰胺912、聚酰胺913、聚酰胺914、聚酰胺915、聚酰胺616、聚酰胺1010、聚酰胺1012、聚酰胺1013、聚酰胺1014、聚酰胺1210、聚酰胺1212、聚酰胺1213、聚酰胺1214、聚对苯二甲酸己二酰胺、聚对苯二甲酸壬二酰胺、聚对苯二甲酸癸二酰胺、聚对苯二甲酸十二二酰胺、己二酸己二酰胺/对苯二甲酸己二酰胺共聚酰胺、对苯二甲酸己二酰胺/间苯二甲酸己二酰胺共聚酰胺、聚己二酸间二甲苯酰胺、对苯二甲酸己二酰胺/对苯二甲酸2-甲基戊二酰胺、己二酸己二酰胺/对苯二甲酸己二酰胺/间苯二甲酸己二酰胺共聚酰胺、聚己内酰胺-对苯二甲酸己二酰胺；所述聚丙烯合金为聚丙烯或改性聚丙烯与工程塑料的合金；所述工程塑料为聚酰胺或聚苯醚；所述聚丙烯选自均聚聚丙烯、共聚聚丙烯和嵌段共聚聚丙烯中的一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种背接触式太阳能电池导电背板，其特征在于，所述连接层为乙烯、丙烯酸酯类、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯三者的二元或者三元共聚物，或马来酸酐接枝的烯烃类的聚合物。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种背接触式太阳能电池导电背板，其特征在于，所述结构增强层和连接层之间加入粘合层。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的一种背接触式太阳能电池导电背板，其特征在于，所述粘合层为马来酸酐接枝的烯烃类的聚合物，所述马来酸酐接枝的烯烃类的聚合物为以下一种或多种的组合：马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯、马来酸酐与乙烯的共聚物、马来酸酐接枝的乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、马来酸酐接枝的乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物、马来酸酐接枝的乙烯-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物、马来酸酐接枝的乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯共聚物、马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种背接触式太阳能电池导电背板，其特征在于，所述的粘合层和连接层分别与POE弹性体共混改性；所述POE弹性体为乙烯、丙烯、丁烯、己烯、辛烯的二元或多元共聚物。
7.根据权利要求5所述的一种背接触式太阳能电池导电背板，其特征在于，所述的耐候层、粘合层、结构增强层和连接层均加入热稳定剂、抗氧化剂和无机填料，所述无机填料选自碳酸钙、二氧化钛、硫酸钡、云母、滑石、高岭土、玻璃微珠和玻璃纤维中的一种。
8.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的一种背接触式太阳能电池导电背板，其特征在于，所述金属导电层需要通过切割或研磨形成电路。
9.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的一种背接触式太阳能电池导电背板，其特征在于，所述耐候层的厚度在10-100微米，所述粘合层的厚度在10-100微米，所述结构增强层的厚度在100-500微米，所述连接层的厚度在10-100微米，所述金属导电层的厚度在10-100微米。
10.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的一种背接触式太阳能电池导电背板，其特征在于，将所述耐候层、粘合层、结构增强层、连接层塑料粒子分别通过挤出机挤出到同一模具内，金属层在挤出的同时复合到连接层上，一步成型。
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| WO2019205494A1 (zh) * | 2018-04-27 | 2019-10-31 | 北京铂阳顶荣光伏科技有限公司 | 导电电极膜层和光伏元件 |
| CN115725247A (zh) * | 2022-11-03 | 2023-03-03 | 江苏东鋆光伏科技有限公司 | 一种光伏组件用导电背板及其制备方法 |
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| CN105097973A (zh) * | 2015-09-23 | 2015-11-25 | 中利腾晖光伏科技有限公司 | 一种抗pid耐风沙晶硅太阳能电池组件 |
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| CN202434550U (zh) * | 2012-02-17 | 2012-09-12 | 常熟市冠日新材料有限公司 | Mwt太阳能电池用背板 |
| CN102709359A (zh) * | 2012-05-08 | 2012-10-03 | 常州天合光能有限公司 | 太阳能电池组件复合式导电背板及其制备和使用方法 |
| CN202678369U (zh) * | 2012-07-17 | 2013-01-16 | 昆山雅森电子材料科技有限公司 | 背接触式太阳能电池的太阳能背板 |
| CN103715287A (zh) * | 2014-01-08 | 2014-04-09 | 苏州尚善新材料科技有限公司 | 耐湿热的太阳能电池背板及其制造方法 |
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| CN203567286U (zh) * | 2013-09-18 | 2014-04-30 | 东莞市群跃电子材料科技有限公司 | 一种金属穿孔式太阳能电池用背板 |
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| CN202434550U (zh) * | 2012-02-17 | 2012-09-12 | 常熟市冠日新材料有限公司 | Mwt太阳能电池用背板 |
| CN102709359A (zh) * | 2012-05-08 | 2012-10-03 | 常州天合光能有限公司 | 太阳能电池组件复合式导电背板及其制备和使用方法 |
| CN202678369U (zh) * | 2012-07-17 | 2013-01-16 | 昆山雅森电子材料科技有限公司 | 背接触式太阳能电池的太阳能背板 |
| CN103715287A (zh) * | 2014-01-08 | 2014-04-09 | 苏州尚善新材料科技有限公司 | 耐湿热的太阳能电池背板及其制造方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2019205494A1 (zh) * | 2018-04-27 | 2019-10-31 | 北京铂阳顶荣光伏科技有限公司 | 导电电极膜层和光伏元件 |
| CN115725247A (zh) * | 2022-11-03 | 2023-03-03 | 江苏东鋆光伏科技有限公司 | 一种光伏组件用导电背板及其制备方法 |
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