WO2013013349A1 - 激光测距仪的光学系统结构 - Google Patents

激光测距仪的光学系统结构 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013013349A1
WO2013013349A1 PCT/CN2011/001290 CN2011001290W WO2013013349A1 WO 2013013349 A1 WO2013013349 A1 WO 2013013349A1 CN 2011001290 W CN2011001290 W CN 2011001290W WO 2013013349 A1 WO2013013349 A1 WO 2013013349A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
objective lens
lens
toroidal
optical system
free
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Application number
PCT/CN2011/001290
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李灿成
杜鑫
乔佰文
Original Assignee
江苏徕兹光电科技有限公司
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Priority claimed from CN2011202669905U external-priority patent/CN202196168U/zh
Priority claimed from CN201110211264.8A external-priority patent/CN102313882B/zh
Application filed by 江苏徕兹光电科技有限公司 filed Critical 江苏徕兹光电科技有限公司
Publication of WO2013013349A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013013349A1/zh

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C3/00—Measuring distances in line of sight; Optical rangefinders
    • G01C3/02—Details
    • G01C3/06—Use of electric means to obtain final indication
    • G01C3/08—Use of electric radiation detectors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a laser range finder, and more particularly to an optical system structure of a laser range finder.
  • Laser range finder is widely used in engineering measurement, building measurement and home decoration. Commonly used laser range finder is generally based on the principle of phase measurement and the principle of pulse phase measurement. These measuring instruments measure distances from a few millimeters to hundreds of meters, and the measurement accuracy is above the millimeter level.
  • the optical system structure of a typical laser range finder in the prior art includes a laser emitting light source 1, a collimating objective lens 2, a measuring target 3, a receiving objective lens 4, a light receiver 5, and a light receiver.
  • the collimating objective lens 2 and the receiving objective lens 4 are parallel to the optical axis.
  • the light receiving face 6 of the light receiver 5 is located at the focus A of the receiving objective lens 4.
  • the reflected light is incident on the receiving objective lens 4 in parallel light, and then concentrated at the receiving objective lens focus A, that is, the light receiving surface 6 of the light receiver 5.
  • the reflected light is obliquely incident on the receiving objective lens 4 with the off-axis light, and has an angle with the optical axis of the receiving objective lens 4, so that the image is off-centered from the main optical axis of the receiving objective lens and located in the vicinity of the focus A, thereby enabling light reception. Face 6 cannot receive reflected measurement light, and measurement cannot be performed.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a laser ranging optical system capable of measuring a distance and a short distance by a simple and reliable structure, which is small in size and cost-effective, and is suitable for a miniaturized structure.
  • An optical system structure of a laser range finder comprising a laser emitting light source, a collimating objective lens placed before the laser emitting light source, a light receiver, and a receiving objective lens for collecting reflected light to the light receiver, wherein
  • the receiving objective lens is a free-form optical element composed of an aspherical portion and a toroidal portion, wherein infinity reflected light is focused on the optical receiver through an aspherical curved portion of the free-form receiving objective lens And a close-range reflected light passes through the toroidal portion of the free-form surface receiving objective lens to cover the surface of the light receiver.
  • the free-form surface receiving objective lens is a composite objective lens in which an aspherical curved surface portion and a toroidal surface portion are combined.
  • the free-form surface receiving objective lens includes mutually independent aspherical curved lenses and toroidal lenses.
  • the free-form surface receiving objective lens is a combined lens formed by bonding an aspherical curved lens and a toroidal lens.
  • the toroidal lens type partial toroidal lens is described.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects that the laser ranging optical system of the invention can meet the high-precision measurement of long-distance and close-range, and has the advantages of simple structure, good measurement stability, superior cost performance than general measuring devices, and is advantageous for miniaturization. .
  • FIG. 1 is a typical optical system diagram in the prior art
  • FIG. 3 is a view showing an optical system in which a prism is used to deflect a close-range reflection measuring light to a surface of a light receiver in the prior art
  • 4A and 4B are diagrams showing an optical system for solving a close distance measurement using a dual focal length combined receiving lens and a special shape light receiver in the prior art
  • FIG. 5 is an optical system diagram of a free-form surface receiving objective lens according to the present invention
  • FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 are perspective perspective views and views of a typical toroidal lens according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a view showing an optical system of a preferred embodiment of the optical system structure according to the present invention.
  • xoy is a solitary surface
  • yoz is a meridian
  • the optical system structure of the laser range finder of the invention comprises a laser emitting light source, a collimating objective lens placed before the laser emitting light source, a light receiver and a receiver for collecting the reflected light to the light receiver a mirror, wherein the receiving objective lens is a free-form optical element composed of an aspherical curved surface portion and a toroidal curved portion, wherein the infinity reflected light passes through the aspherical curved portion of the free-form surface receiving objective lens to be focused on On the photoreceiver, a close-range reflected light passes over the surface of the photoreceiver through a toroidal portion of the free-form receiving objective lens.
  • the aspherical curved surface portion and the toroidal curved surface portion may be combined to form a composite objective lens.
  • the aspherical curved lens and the toroidal lens may also be independent of each other.
  • the aspherical curved lens and the toroidal lens may be glued together to form a combined lens.
  • the toroidal lens is a partial toroidal lens.
  • the optical system structure of the laser range finder of the present invention comprises: an aspherical surface plus a toroidal combination of free-form surface lens 14, a light receiver 5, a light receiving surface 6 of the light receiver 5, collimation The lens 2, the measuring target 3 and the laser emitting light source 1.
  • the emitted light from the laser emitting light source 1 is collimated by the collimating objective lens 2 and then emitted to the measuring target 3, at which time the light beam is diffusely reflected on the measuring target 3, and the light reflected at various angles is concentrated by the receiving objective lens.
  • the receiving objective lens in Fig. 5 is a free-form surface lens 14 of an aspherical surface plus a toroidal combination.
  • the reflected measurement light is incident on the free-form surface combining lens 14 in parallel light, and is focused onto the surface of the light receiver 5 through the aspherical curved surface portion.
  • the reflection measurement light is incident on the free-form lens 14, and they are covered by the toroidal portion into a fan-shaped beam to cover the surface of the light receiver 5.
  • FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, are perspective perspective views and views of a typical partial toroidal lens according to the present invention.
  • the beam passes through the toroidal lens, it diverge in the form of a fan in the meridian plane of the lens (i.e., the yoz plane in Fig. 6).
  • the sagittal plane of the lens i.e., the xoy plane in Fig. 6
  • it also diverge in the form of a fan.
  • Different fan-shaped angular beams can be obtained by using different parameters of the toroidal lens, such as effective focal length, deflection angle, radius of curvature on the meridional plane, radius of curvature on the sagittal plane, center height, material, and the like.
  • the size of the fan angle and its spatial position should also match the aspheric surface of the freeform surface.
  • the receiving objective lens is a typical free-form optical element which is a composite lens in which the aspherical curved surface portion 16 and the toroidal lens portion 15 are glued together.
  • the reflected measurement light is incident on the receiving objective lens in parallel light, and is focused by the aspherical curved lens 16 onto the light receiving surface 6 of the light receiver 5, and the light passing through the toroidal lens 15 is not covered.
  • the light receiving surface 5 of the light receiver 5 is such that no interference occurs.
  • a fan beam is formed on the meridional plane and the sagittal plane by the beam of the toroidal partial lens 15 of the free-form lens, and covers the light receiving surface 6 of the photoreceiver 5.
  • the curvature on the meridional plane is relatively small, and the curvature on the sagittal plane is relatively large, and the formed three-dimensional fan-shaped beam is covered on the light receiving surface 6. In this way, the theoretical measurement range can be from millimeters to infinity.
  • the aspherical surface according to the present invention refers to a surface shape which cannot be defined by a spherical surface, that is, a surface shape which cannot be determined by only one radius.
  • the aspherical surface encompasses a variety of shapes, including a rotationally symmetric aspherical surface and a non-rotationally symmetric aspherical surface.
  • the two-axis symmetrical surface shape is arranged in a regular array of microstructures, including an optical structure containing a diffractive structure.
  • the surface also includes free-form surfaces of various shapes and the like.
  • Free-form surface optics is based on the requirements of modern optoelectronic systems for signal reception, conversion, storage, transmission, etc., to construct optical surfaces and design methods of arbitrary shapes.
  • An optical component of any shape is called a free-form optical component.
  • Free-form surfaces are an advanced stage of aspheric development.

Abstract

一种激光测距仪的光学系统结构，包括激光发射光源（1）、置于激光发射光源（1）之前的准直物镜（2）、光接收器（5）以及汇聚反射光线至光接收器（5）的接收物镜，所述接收物镜是一自由曲面光学元件（14），它由非球面部分和超环面部分组成，其中无限远的反射光线穿过所述接收物镜的非球面部分聚焦在所述光接收器（5）上，近距离的反射光线穿过所述接收物镜的超环面部分覆盖在所述光接收器（5）的表面。所述光学系统结构能满足远距离和近距离的高精度测量，而且结构简单，测量稳定性好，性价比比一般的测量装置都要优越，有利于小型化的实现。

Description

技术领域
本发明涉及一种激光测距仪， 特别是关于一种激光测距仪的光学系统结 构。
背景技术
激光测距仪在工程测量， 建筑测量以及家庭装修等方面都有广泛应用。 常用的激光测距仪一般基于相位测量原理和脉冲相位测量原理， 此类测量仪 测量距离从几毫米到数百米， 测量精度达毫米级以上。
如图 1所示， 现有技术中一种典型的激光测距仪的光学系统结构， 包含 激光发射光源 1， 准直物镜 2， 测量目标 3， 接收物镜 4， 光接收器 5， 光接 收器 5的光接收面 6， 对光源进行调制的电路 7， 控制计算单元 8以及测量结 果显示单元 9。
准直物镜 2和接收物镜 4光轴平行。 光接收器 5的光接收面 6位于接收 物镜 4的焦点 A上。 另外， 在发射光路的接收光路中还有一个内光路， 以补 偿电路中产生的漂移误差。
测远距离时， 反射光以平行光的方式入射到接收物镜 4上， 然后汇聚于 接收物镜焦点 A处， 即光接收器 5的光接收面 6上。 在近距离测量时， 反射 光以轴外光倾斜入射到接收物镜 4上， 与接收物镜 4的光轴有一夹角， 因而 成像偏离接收物镜主光轴且位于焦点 A的附近， 从而使光接收面 6无法接收 到反射测量光， 测量不能进行。
现有技术中有很多技术都致力于解决近距离测量这一课题。例如借助图 2 中所示的曲面反射镜 10，或图 3中所示的棱镜 11或图 4A、图 4B中两种焦距 的组合透镜和特殊形状光接收器， 都可以很大程度上解决近距离测量的问题。
但是， 这些方法要么不能对所有近距离的反射光进行偏折， 有局限性， 要么结构复杂， 成本较高。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种激光测距光学系统， 通过简单可靠的结构即 可对远近距离进行测量， 体积小， 性价比较好， 适用于小型化结构。
本发明的技术方案： 一种激光测距仪的光学系统结构， 包括激光发射光 源， 置于激光发射光源之前的准直物镜， 光接收器以及汇聚反射光线至光接 收器的接收物镜， 其中所述接收物镜是一自由曲面光学元件， 它由非球面部 分和超环面部分组成， 其中无限远的反射光线穿过所述的自由曲面接收物镜 的非球面曲面部分聚焦在所述光接收器上， 近距离的反射光线穿过所述的自 由曲面接收物镜的超环面部分覆盖在所述光接收器的表面。
本发明中， 所述自由曲面接收物镜由非球面曲面部分和超环面部分组合 而成的复合物镜。
本发明中， 所述的自由曲面接收物镜包括相互独立的非球面曲面透镜和 超环面透镜。
本发明中， 所述的自由曲面接收物镜由非球面曲面透镜和超环面透镜胶 合而成的组合透镜。
本发明中， 所述的超环面透镜式部分的超环面透镜。
本发明具有的有益效果： 本发明激光测距光学系统能满足远距离和近距 离高精度测量， 而且结构简单， 测量稳定性好， 性价比比一般的测量装置都 要优越， 有利于小型化的实现。
附图说明
下面将结合附图及实施例对本发明紧凑型电能表作进一步说明， 附图中： 图 1为现有技术中一种典型的光学系统图；
图 2为现有技术中使用曲面反射镜使近距离反射测量光偏折到光接收器 表面的光学系统图；
图 3为现有技术中使用棱镜使近距离反射测量光偏折到光接收器表面的 光学系统图； '
图 4A、图 4B为现有技术中使用双焦距组合接收透镜和特殊形状光接收 器， 解决近距离测量的光学系统图；
图 5为本发明专利所涉及的一种自由曲面接收物镜的光学系统图； 图 6、 图 7为本发明专利所涉及的一种典型超环面透镜的立体透视图和 视图；
图 8为本发明专利所涉及的光学系统结构的一种优选实施方式的光学系 统图。
【图号对照说明】
1 激光发射光源 2准直物镜
3 测量目标 4接收物镜
5 光接收器 6光接收面
10 曲面反射镜 11 棱镜
14非球面曲面加超环面组成的自由曲面透镜 15超环面部分透镜
16非球面曲面部分透镜 A物镜焦点
其中： xoy为孤矢面， yoz为子午面
具体实施方式
为使对本发明的结构特征及所达成的功效有更进一步的了解与认识， 用 以较佳的实施例及附图配合详细的说明， 说明如下：
本发明所述激光测距仪的光学系统结构， 包括激光发射光源， 置于激光 发射光源之前的准直物镜， 光接收器以及汇聚反射光线至光接收器的接收物 镜， 其中所述接收物镜是一自由曲面光学元件， 它由非球面曲面部分和超环 面部分组成， 其中无限远的反射光线穿过所述的自由曲面接收物镜的非球面 曲面部分聚焦在所述光接收器上， 近距离的反射光线穿过所述的自由曲面接 收物镜的超环面部分覆盖在所述光接收器的表面。
其中， 非球面曲面部分和超环面部分可以组合在一起形成复合物镜。 其中， 非球面曲面透镜和超环面透镜也可以相互独立。
其中， 非球面曲面透镜和超环面透镜可以胶合在一起形成组合透镜。 其中， 超环面透镜是部分的超环面透镜。
首先参阅图 5，本发明所述激光测距仪的光学系统结构包括：非球面曲面 加超环面组合的自由曲面透镜 14， 光接收器 5， 光接收器 5的光接收面 6, 准 直透镜 2， 测量目标 3以及激光发射光源 1。
从激光发射光源 1出来的发射光线经准直物镜 2准直后发射到测量目标 3 上， 这时光束在测量目标 3上产生漫反射， 这些以各种角度反射回来的光线 被接收物镜汇聚， 图 5 中的接收物镜是非球面曲面加超环面组合的自由曲面 透镜 14。
测量远距离目标时， 反射测量光以平行光入射到自由曲面组合透镜 14， 并通过非球面曲面部分聚焦到光接收器 5表面上。 测量近距离时， 反射测量 光入射到自由曲面透镜 14， 并通过超环面部分将它们变成扇形光束覆盖到光 接收器 5表面上。
参阅图 6、 图 7， 为本发明专利所涉及的一种典型部分超环面透镜的立体 透视图和视图。 当光束通过超环面透镜后， 在该透镜的子午面（即图 6中的 yoz面） 内以扇形形式发散出去。 同样， 在该透镜的弧矢面（即图 6中的 xoy 面） 内， 也以扇形形式发散出去。 通过采用不同的超环面透镜的参数， 如有效焦距， 偏转角， 子午面上的 曲率半径， 弧矢面上的曲率半径， 中心高度， 材料等， 可以得到不同的扇形 角光束。 当然， 扇型角的大小与它的空间位置， 还应与自由曲面的非球面曲 面相匹配。
如图 8， 接收物镜是一典型的自由曲面光学元件， 它由非球面曲面部分 16和超环面透镜部分 15胶合而成的复合透镜。当测量远距离目标时，反射测 量光以平行光入射到接收物镜， 通过非球面曲面透镜 16， 聚焦到光接收器 5 的光接收面 6上， 通过超环面透镜 15的光线不会覆盖到光接收器 5的光接收 面 6上， 这样不会产生干涉。
测量近距离时， 通过自由曲面透镜的超环面部分透镜 15的光束， 在子午 面和弧矢面形成扇形光束， 覆盖到光接收器 5的光接收面 6上。 子午面上的 曲率比较小， 弧矢面上的曲率比较大， 所形成的立体扇形光束在光接收面 6 上覆盖。 这样， 理论上测量范围就能从毫米到无限远。
本发明所述的非球面是指不能用球面定义描述的面形， 即不能只用一个 半径确定的面形。 非球面囊括了各种各样的面形， 其中有旋转对称的非球面 和非旋转对称的非球面， 有关于两轴对称的面形， 排列有规律的微结构阵列， 有包含衍射结构的光学表面， 还包括形状各异的自由曲面等。
自由曲面光学是根据现代光电系统对于信号的接收、 转化、 存储、 传送 等的要求， 构造任意形状的光学表面和设计方法。 任意形状的光学元件称为 自由曲面光学元件。 自由曲面是非球面发展的高级阶段。
综上所述， 仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已， 并非用来限定本发明实施的 范围， 凡依本发明权利要求范围所述的形状、 构造、 特征及精神所为的均等 变化与修饰， 均应包括于本发明的权利要求范围内。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种激光测距仪的光学系统结构， 其特征在于， 包括激光发射光源， 置于激光发射光源之前的准直物镜， 光接收器以及汇聚反射光线至光接收器 的接收物镜， 其中所述接收物镜是一自由曲面光学元件， 它是由非球面部分 和超环面部分组成， 其中无限远的反射光线穿过所述的自由曲面接收物镜的 非球面部分聚焦在所述光接收器上， 近距离的反射光线穿过所述接收的自由 曲面物镜的超环面部分覆盖在所述光接收器的表面。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的激光测距仪的光学系统结构， 其特征在于， 所 述的自由曲面接收物镜由非球面曲面部分和超环面部分组合而成的复合物 镜。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的激光测距仪的光学系统， 其特征在于， 所述自 由曲面接收物镜包括相互独立的非球面曲面透镜和超环面透镜。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的激光测距仪的光学系统结构， 其特征在于， 所 述自由曲面接收物镜为由非球面曲面透镜和超环面透镜胶合而成的组合透 镜。
5、根据上述任一项权利要求所述的激光测距仪的光学系统结构， 其特征 在于， 所述超环面透镜为部分超环面透镜。
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