WO2015096915A1 - Dispositif et procédé pour produire un arc électrique de manière stable et en particulier pour accroître l'apport de puissance active dans un four à arc électrique - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé pour produire un arc électrique de manière stable et en particulier pour accroître l'apport de puissance active dans un four à arc électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015096915A1
WO2015096915A1 PCT/EP2014/073107 EP2014073107W WO2015096915A1 WO 2015096915 A1 WO2015096915 A1 WO 2015096915A1 EP 2014073107 W EP2014073107 W EP 2014073107W WO 2015096915 A1 WO2015096915 A1 WO 2015096915A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
phase
electrode
ignition
voltage
electrodes
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2014/073107
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Arno DÖBBELER
Werner Hartmann
Martin Hergt
Jürgen RUPP
Original Assignee
Primetals Technologies Germany Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Primetals Technologies Germany Gmbh filed Critical Primetals Technologies Germany Gmbh
Publication of WO2015096915A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015096915A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/46—Generating plasma using applied electromagnetic fields, e.g. high frequency or microwave energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/08—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces heated electrically, with or without any other source of heat
    • F27B3/085—Arc furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to hearth-type furnaces
    • F27B3/28—Arrangement of controlling, monitoring, alarm or the like devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D21/00—Arrangements of monitoring devices; Arrangements of safety devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B7/00—Heating by electric discharge
    • H05B7/02—Details
    • H05B7/144—Power supplies specially adapted for heating by electric discharge; Automatic control of power, e.g. by positioning of electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H2242/00—Auxiliary systems
    • H05H2242/20—Power circuits
    • H05H2242/22—DC, AC or pulsed generators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • An electric arc furnace in particular a three-phase electric arc furnace operated by means of alternating current, supplies electrical energy in the form of arcs to a melting furnace via three graphite electrodes.
  • the medium or high voltage is usually stepped down into a lower voltage and fed to the electrodes with the aid of a furnace transformer.
  • the electrodes can be mechanically moved up and down to ignite an arc and then adjust the arc voltage and the current over the distance to the melt.
  • WO 01/37619 discloses a method and an apparatus for facilitating the re-ignition in an electric arc furnace, wherein a second power supply for maintaining a plasma connection between a
  • Electrode and a melting material is provided when the arc of the arc furnace has been interrupted.
  • the electrode is powered by a large power supply.
  • the large power supply has a large current capacitor with a self-inductance, with the large current conductor connected to the electrode.
  • the second power supply has an additional RF generator.
  • EP 0 691 068 A1 discloses an electric arc furnace having an electrode and connection components for connection to a power supply network for supplying an electric arc to the electrode, the furnace being adapted to a voltage pulse generator component associated with an interruption in the arc for supplying voltage pulses to the arc ignition furnace.
  • An additional energy store in the form of an inductance is used for the ignition.
  • an active power input into a melt is to be effectively increased.
  • the object is achieved by means of a device according to the main claim, a method according to the independent claim, corresponding uses, a control and / or regulating device and a corresponding electric arc furnace.
  • an igniter for an electric arc furnace in which at least two electrodes each generate an arc by means of a phase of an alternating current and an associated phase of an alternating voltage, the igniter being parallel during a zero crossing of a phase of the alternating current of an electrode to be stabilized at this one
  • Ignition voltage pulse applies, wherein the ignition device applies the ignition voltage pulse from a stabilizing phase of the AC voltage of the other electrode (s).
  • Parallel here means in particular electrically parallel to the arc current profile of the electrode to be stabilized.
  • an ignition method for an electric arc furnace in which at least two electrodes each generate an arc by means of a phase of an alternating current and an associated phase of an alternating voltage, wherein an ignition device in parallel during a zero crossing of a phase of the alternating current to be stabilized of an electrode this one
  • Ignition voltage pulse applies, wherein the ignition device, the ignition voltage pulse from a stabilizing phase of the AC voltage of one of the other electrode (s) is applied.
  • the ignition device according to the invention enables a reduction of a conventional phase shift of the current to the voltage and thus increases the power factor.
  • a firing pulse is parallel to the respective electrode by means of the ignition device in phase, so that the current can be ignited in the opposite direction. In contrast to the prior art, this impulse does not come from an additional one
  • the ignition device allows the reduced phase shift and in this way an increased power factor with otherwise the same design of electrical equipment, such as transformer, switches or cables, and thus a higher active power can be introduced into the melt. Since a generated reactive power can be reduced, a required compensation system can also be dimensioned smaller. According to the invention, a phase-synchronized ignition pulse to the relevant
  • Minimized electrode voltage of a respective electrode and thus an active power input into a melt can be effectively increased.
  • a respective ignition voltage pulse according to the main claim or the subclaim causes ignition of the phase of the alternating current in a direction opposite to a direction before the zero crossing.
  • devices according to the invention and methods for operating an electric arc furnace are used.
  • a control and / or regulating device for an electric arc furnace comprising a machine-readable program code which has control commands which, when executed, cause the control and / or regulating device to carry out a method according to the invention.
  • an arc furnace is used for
  • the stabilizing phase may be an adjacent phase of the AC voltage of a three-phase system.
  • the stabilizing phase and the phase to be stabilized are generated by a three-phase system.
  • the stabilizing phase may be a leading phase of the AC voltage of a three-phase system.
  • the phase to be stabilized and the stabilizing phase may advantageously be part of a three-phase system.
  • the electrodes may be three electrodes of a three-phase three-phase system and each generate an arc.
  • the electrodes may be three electrodes of a three-phase system and a first and a second electrode generate an arc and a third electrode does not generate an arc, wherein during a simultaneous zero crossing of the phases to be stabilized of the alternating currents of the first and second electrodes the igniter may apply to the first or second electrode the ignition voltage pulse from the stabilizing phase of the AC voltage of the third electrode.
  • the applied ignition voltage pulse can be used here to increase a difference between the phases of the alternating voltages of the first and second electrodes.
  • a first phase of the alternating voltage can be applied to the first electrode, a second phase of the alternating voltage to the second electrode and a third phase of the alternating voltage of a three-phase three-phase system to the third electrode.
  • an AC voltage of a respective electrode can be applied to this.
  • the ignition device for the application of the ignition voltage pulse may comprise a between the electrode to be stabilized phase and the electrode with stabilizing phase electrically connected electrical switch.
  • the electrical switch can be connected on a transformer secondary side to the electrode with the phase to be stabilized.
  • the electrical switch can be electrically connected to the support arm side facing away from the transformer at the electrode with stabilizing phase.
  • the electrical switch may be a semiconductor device, in particular a thyristor.
  • the ignition device may additionally comprise between the electrode to be stabilized phase and the electrode with stabilizing phase an electric capacitor connected in series with the electrical switch. In this way, a simple decoupling can be provided.
  • the electrical switch or the capacitor may be connected as close as possible to the respective electrode, so that inductances can be effectively reduced.
  • the ignition device may have at least one ignition coil.
  • the ignition device for the application of the respective ignition voltage pulse can be triggered by means of a control and / or regulating device comprising a machine-readable program code which has control commands.
  • the ignition device can be electrically controlled by means of the control and / or regulating device as a function of the operating state of the electric arc furnace.
  • the operating state may be two-phase or three-phase, wherein in an energized or single-phase operating state, the ignition device is turned off.
  • the inductance of the AC circuit can be minimized for each by means of an AC circuit generating an arc electrode. In this way, a power factor can be effectively increased. According to the invention, the stable generation of electric arcs is created with an increased power factor.
  • Figure 6 idealized voltage and current waveforms in a two-phase operation.
  • Figure 7 shows an embodiment of a method according to the invention
  • Figure 1 shows an electrical equivalent circuit diagram of a phase of an electric arc furnace at the network.
  • the single-phase equivalent circuit of an Electric Are Furnace (EAF) is shown.
  • Reference N represents the network. All network impedances, including the furnace transformer, are summarized in and RRJ.
  • the impedances of the furnace itself and of the arc are shown separately as L ⁇ AF UN ⁇ R EAF.
  • Reference numeral 0 denotes the electric arc furnace.
  • phi power factor cos
  • the voltage is usually measured on the secondary side of the furnace transformer T ra f, ie between the transformer impedance Lj and the furnace impedance LEAF. This measuring point is marked with M.
  • the network-side impedances are not included in the calculation, although of course they depend on the phase shift Aphi and thus
  • FIG. 2 shows an idealized voltage and current profile at and through an electrode of an arc furnace.
  • V denotes the phase voltage at one electrode and the phase current through this electrode. Both signals are idealized sinusoidal. In reality, especially the current is strongly distorted due to a non-linear characteristic of an arc, but this is irrelevant to the clarification of the principle.
  • FIG. 2 shows voltage U and current I at a power factor of approximately 0.8. The arrows illustrate the ignition voltage available in the current zero crossing. It can be seen that the available ignition voltage increases between 0 degrees and 9 degrees with a falling power factor.
  • FIG. 3 shows the voltage curve at the electrode according to FIG. 2, wherein the current profile according to FIG. 2 has been omitted and in addition ignition pulses are shown.
  • the current is omitted.
  • This current should by means of the ignition device according to the invention the smallest possible phase senverschiebung ⁇ to the voltage U have. Ideally, the current would be in phase with the voltage. If this can not be achieved due to unavoidable inductances in the network, an increase of the active power input by means of a larger arc resistance - a longer arc causes a higher voltage and a lower current - and by reducing the inductance - for example by using a transformer with smaller uk and / or a furnace design with low impedance - quite possible.
  • FIG. 4 shows voltage profiles of three phases in a three-phase three-phase system.
  • the first phase is marked LI, the second phase L2 and the third phase L3.
  • FIG. 4 shows how, according to the invention, a required ignition voltage of one phase can be obtained from another phase.
  • this voltage is used to advantageously provide the ignition voltage by means of the ignition device.
  • FIG. 5 shows an exemplary embodiment of an ignition device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 5 shows a three-phase three-phase system which supplies electrical power to three graphite electrodes of an arc furnace.
  • For each electrode and phase is a transformer inductance T ra f and a respective support arm T ra q assigned. These elements are inductive in the circuit of a phase and are therefore shown as inductors.
  • Figure 5 shows a simplified equivalent circuit diagram of the embodiment of the ignition device according to the invention. On the secondary side of the transformer T ra f is at each phase
  • Switch S positioned, with a capacitor C can be switched between two phases.
  • Semiconductor is preferably used as the switch S.
  • thyristors are used as a switch S thyristors. Thyristors are well suited for the present application because of the quenching in the current zero crossing. In principle, alternative semiconductor types can also be used. Since each phase alternately needs a positive and a negative ignition pulse, the capacitor C can be used well for decoupling. Thus, a static phase short circuit can be avoided. Likewise, by means of capacity, the transmitted
  • Energy can be defined. To conduct as much energy as possible to a particular electrode and small reactive currents in the
  • the supply of the ignition voltage pulse or ignition pulse is provided as close to the electrodes, so that the inductance L T ra 9 of
  • Brackets are additionally coupled.
  • the electrically parallel supply of the ignition voltage pulse can be significantly smaller dimensioned by the current carrying capacity.
  • a three-phase cable is possible, which can be laid, for example, in an air-cooled protective tube. This achieves a small inductance so that the high-frequency pulse reaches the electrode with little loss.
  • alternative devices are also usable, for example ignition coils. With the present use of the other phase voltages is a very powerful source available and the cost of an inventive ignition device is manageable.
  • the triggering of the ignition device must take place by means of a control and / or regulating device SR as a function of the operating state of the electric arc furnace.
  • the control and / or regulating device SR for the electric arc furnace comprises a machine-readable program code which has control commands which, when executed, cause the control and / or regulating device SR to carry out an application according to the invention of a respective ignition voltage pulse by means of the ignition device Z.
  • the scope of this application includes electric arc furnaces for the melting of metal, with at least one, preferably three,
  • Electrode for generating an arc comprising a control and / or regulating device SR according to the invention, wherein the control and / or regulating device SR is operatively connected to means for adjusting an ignition device Z according to the invention and / or by the ignition Z influencing variables.
  • FIG. 6 shows the phase voltages and phase currents of a three-phase three-phase system in two-phase operation.
  • the situation changes during a start-up or after an electric arc furnace has broken off the arc.
  • the two voltages U1 and U2 of the current-carrying electrodes are in phase and the two arcs of the current-carrying electrodes simultaneously have the current zero crossing.
  • FIG. 6 shows the respective voltage profiles at the top and the respective current profiles at the bottom. According to the invention, it has also been recognized that in the case of a two-phase operation, the third phase can be used in order briefly to close the current zero crossing
  • FIG. 6 shows all the phase voltages and currents in two-phase operation.
  • the electroless phase L3 can stabilize the two arcs by applying an ignition pulse to phase L2 at the time of current zero crossing in phase LI and L2.
  • the ignition device according to the invention must be electrically controlled by means of a control and / or regulating device SR such that the application of the voltages takes place at the correct time. Accordingly, the invention
  • Ignition device associated with a control and / or regulating device SR as a control logic which can also distinguish between the states current in three phases, current in two phases and no current in all phases. In the latter case, the ignition device makes no sense and the control and / or regulating device SR must turn off or turn off the ignition device as a driving logic.
  • the ignition device according to the invention is suitable for increasing the active power input into the melt, with current flowing in at least two phases.
  • FIG. 7 shows an exemplary embodiment of a method according to the invention.
  • an electric arc furnace in a first step S1, has normal operation, in which at least two electrodes each generate an arc by means of a phase of an alternating current and an associated phase of an alternating voltage.
  • a firing device is provided in a second step S2, which during a zero crossing of a phase of the alternating current of an electrode to be stabilized applies an ignition pulse in parallel therewith, this being generated from a stabilizing phase of the alternating voltage of one of the other electrodes.
  • the present invention relates to an ignition device and an ignition method for electric arc furnace, wherein at least two electrodes each generate an arc by means of a phase of an alternating current and an associated phase of an alternating voltage.
  • the ignition device sets - controlled by means of a control and / or regulating device SR - during a zero crossing of a phase of the alternating current of an electrode to be stabilized, to this one NEN ignition voltage pulse from a stabilizing phase of the AC voltage of one of the other electrodes.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Discharge Heating (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un dispositif d'amorçage et un procédé d'amorçage pour fours à arc électrique, au moins deux électrodes produisant chacune un arc électrique au moyen d'une phase d'un courant alternatif et d'une phase associée d'une tension alternative. Pendant un passage par zéro d'une phase à stabiliser du courant alternatif d'une électrode, le dispositif d'amorçage applique une impulsion de tension d'amorçage à partir d'une phase stabilisatrice de la tension alternative d'une des autres électrodes.
PCT/EP2014/073107 2013-12-27 2014-10-28 Dispositif et procédé pour produire un arc électrique de manière stable et en particulier pour accroître l'apport de puissance active dans un four à arc électrique WO2015096915A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013227190.5 2013-12-27
DE102013227190.5A DE102013227190A1 (de) 2013-12-27 2013-12-27 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur stabilen Lichtbogenerzeugung und insbesondere zur Erhöhung des Wirkleistungseintrags bei einem Elektrolichtbogenofen

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2015096915A1 true WO2015096915A1 (fr) 2015-07-02

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PCT/EP2014/073107 WO2015096915A1 (fr) 2013-12-27 2014-10-28 Dispositif et procédé pour produire un arc électrique de manière stable et en particulier pour accroître l'apport de puissance active dans un four à arc électrique

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DE (1) DE102013227190A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2015096915A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109792811A (zh) * 2016-09-15 2019-05-21 首要金属科技德国有限责任公司 次级电路中的具有电容器装置的变流器馈电式电弧炉

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019084674A1 (fr) * 2017-10-31 2019-05-09 Hatch Ltd. Configuration de circuit de contrôle de ligne

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3078325A (en) * 1959-06-16 1963-02-19 Northwestern Steel & Wire Comp Electric arc furnace power cable arrangement
US4620308A (en) * 1985-10-30 1986-10-28 Lectromelt Corporation Arc furnace electrode control
DE3601990A1 (de) * 1986-01-23 1987-07-30 Siemens Ag Steuerverfahren fuer parallele thyristorgestellte induktivitaeten zur schnellen blindstromkompensation
WO1994022279A1 (fr) * 1993-03-18 1994-09-29 Asea Brown Boveri Ab Dispositif de fourneau

Family Cites Families (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE862220C (de) * 1943-07-04 1953-01-08 Stickstoffduenger Knapsack Ag Lichtbogenofen zur Durchfuehrung von metallurgischen Umsetzungen und Destillationen unter niedrigem Druck
US3366725A (en) * 1964-12-21 1968-01-30 Watteredge Co Balancing a three-phase power transmission system for an electric arc furnace
DE4200329C2 (de) * 1992-01-09 1994-12-22 Gutehoffnungshuette Man Regelbare Speisestromquelle
DE60030757T2 (de) 1999-11-16 2007-09-13 Hydro-Quebec, Montreal Verfahren und vorrichtung zum erleichtern der wiederzündung in einem lichtbogenofen

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3078325A (en) * 1959-06-16 1963-02-19 Northwestern Steel & Wire Comp Electric arc furnace power cable arrangement
US4620308A (en) * 1985-10-30 1986-10-28 Lectromelt Corporation Arc furnace electrode control
DE3601990A1 (de) * 1986-01-23 1987-07-30 Siemens Ag Steuerverfahren fuer parallele thyristorgestellte induktivitaeten zur schnellen blindstromkompensation
WO1994022279A1 (fr) * 1993-03-18 1994-09-29 Asea Brown Boveri Ab Dispositif de fourneau

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109792811A (zh) * 2016-09-15 2019-05-21 首要金属科技德国有限责任公司 次级电路中的具有电容器装置的变流器馈电式电弧炉
US11122655B2 (en) 2016-09-15 2021-09-14 Primetals Technologies Germany Gmbh Converter-fed electric arc furnace with capacitor assembly in the secondary circuit

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