WO2015093464A1 - 車両 - Google Patents

車両 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015093464A1
WO2015093464A1 PCT/JP2014/083232 JP2014083232W WO2015093464A1 WO 2015093464 A1 WO2015093464 A1 WO 2015093464A1 JP 2014083232 W JP2014083232 W JP 2014083232W WO 2015093464 A1 WO2015093464 A1 WO 2015093464A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power
battery
motor
vehicle
allowable
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2014/083232
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
寺山孔人
安藤義紀
塚本宗紀
根來昌樹
藤本純和
野口真利
阪口雄亮
Original Assignee
本田技研工業株式会社
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Publication date
Application filed by 本田技研工業株式会社 filed Critical 本田技研工業株式会社
Priority to KR1020167019300A priority Critical patent/KR20160099688A/ko
Priority to CA2933944A priority patent/CA2933944A1/en
Priority to CN201811514641.3A priority patent/CN110053471B/zh
Priority to CN201480068416.5A priority patent/CN105829184B/zh
Priority to EP14872352.1A priority patent/EP3085593A4/en
Priority to JP2015525672A priority patent/JP5789069B1/ja
Priority to US14/779,405 priority patent/US9376006B2/en
Publication of WO2015093464A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015093464A1/ja

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B60L58/15Preventing overcharging
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B60K17/356Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having fluid or electric motor, for driving one or more wheels
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
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    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/442Series-parallel switching type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60W20/10Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
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    • B60W30/00Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units, or advanced driver assistance systems for ensuring comfort, stability and safety or drive control systems for propelling or retarding the vehicle
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K5/00Arrangement or mounting of internal-combustion or jet-propulsion units
    • B60K2005/006Arrangement or mounting of internal-combustion or jet-propulsion units the internal combustion or jet propulsion unit is arranged behind the rear axle
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K7/00Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K2007/0092Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor axle being coaxial to the wheel axle
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L2240/00Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L2240/00Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
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    • B60L2260/00Operating Modes
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W2510/00Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W2510/00Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W2720/00Output or target parameters relating to overall vehicle dynamics
    • B60W2720/40Torque distribution
    • B60W2720/406Torque distribution between left and right wheel
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72Electric energy management in electromobility
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/904Component specially adapted for hev
    • Y10S903/906Motor or generator

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a vehicle in which at least one of a front wheel (left front wheel and right front wheel) and a rear wheel (left rear wheel and right rear wheel) is driven by left and right electric motors.
  • JP1993-111111A discloses an electric vehicle in which a traveling electric motor is driven from a battery through a drive circuit (FIG. 1). In this case, the driving force generated by the electric motor for traveling is controlled by the controller being controlled by the controller.
  • JP1993-111111A in order to protect the battery from overdischarge, considering that the remaining capacity of the battery (charged amount) decreases when the temperature of the battery falls below normal temperature (30 ° C in JP1993-11111A).
  • the controller limits the driving force generated by the electric motor in response to a decrease in battery temperature through the driving circuit (FIGS. 2 and 3).
  • JP2007-245896A discloses, as an example, an all-wheel drive (four-wheel drive) vehicle in which front wheels are driven by engine power and rear wheels are driven by motor power. (FIG. 1).
  • the electric motor that drives the rear wheels is supplied with electric power generated by a dedicated generator driven by the rotational output torque of the engine.
  • JP2007-245896A when an excess slip occurs in the front wheels driven by the engine, in order to suppress this excess slip, the rotation output torque of the engine is reduced to suppress the acceleration of the vehicle and to reduce the motor torque command value.
  • a configuration is disclosed in which the speed is prevented from rapidly decreasing and, as a result, the voltage of the dedicated generator is prevented from abnormally increasing ([0004], [0011], [0033]).
  • JP2013-215017A discloses a vehicle in which one of a front wheel (left front wheel and right front wheel) and a rear wheel (left rear wheel and right rear wheel) is driven. (FIG. 1, [0127]).
  • JP2013-215017A reduces the driving torque of the rear wheel in which excess slip occurs when one of the rear wheels experiences excessive slip during driving of the rear wheels (left rear wheel and right rear wheel).
  • the drive torque of the other rear wheel is reduced by that amount so that no moment is generated, and the reduced drive torque is distributed to the front wheels (left front wheel and right front wheel) so that the drive force of the vehicle does not decrease. ⁇ [0082]-[0085], FIG. 20 (a), FIG. 20 (b), FIG. 20 (c) ⁇ .
  • JP2013-215017A discloses that, by controlling in this way, sufficient torque according to the driver's request can be transmitted to the road surface even on a split ⁇ road and the like, so that the running performance can be maintained ( [wrap up]).
  • JP2011-79379A Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2011-79379 includes a transmission that is switched between an internal combustion engine and an electric motor by a double clutch, and the internal combustion engine is connected in series to the electric motor.
  • a drive device for a hybrid vehicle is disclosed (FIGS. 1 and 14).
  • JP1993-111111A describes a vehicle in which one of a front wheel (a left front wheel and a right front wheel) and a rear wheel (a left rear wheel and a right rear wheel) disclosed in JP2013-215017A is driven by left and right electric motors. Therefore, the technology for protecting the battery accompanying the lowered temperature and the technology described in JP2007-245896A for suppressing the abnormal increase in the voltage of the dedicated generator cannot be applied as they are. This is because, in JP1993-111111A and JP2007-245896A, the wheels are driven by one electric motor.
  • the present invention has been made in connection with the above-described technology and problems, and is electrically connected to the left wheel and the right wheel mechanically connected to the left wheel using the output power of the capacitor as input power.
  • Vehicle that allows right electric motor and vehicle to input electric power generated by a generator mechanically connected to an internal combustion engine to the electric accumulator, and that can reliably protect the accumulator with a simple configuration at the time of traction control or the like The purpose is to provide.
  • the vehicle according to the present invention includes a left motor mechanically connected to a left wheel, a right motor mechanically connected to a right wheel, and an internal combustion engine in a vehicle in which at least one of a front wheel and a rear wheel is driven.
  • the electric motor control device is based on the allowable input / output power of the capacitor, the generated power of the generator, and the left and right total power that is the total power consumed or generated by the left motor and the right motor, An allowable power change width that is an allowable change width of the left and right total power is obtained, and the power of the left motor and the right motor is independently controlled based on a value obtained by equally dividing the allowable power change width.
  • the two motors of the left motor and the right motor are once handled integrally, the total allowable power change width of the two motors is obtained based on the left and right total power, and the obtained allowable power change width is obtained. Since the power of each electric motor is controlled independently with a simple equal value as a restriction, the allowable input / output power of the battery can be reliably protected, and the control of each electric motor is prevented from becoming complicated. can do.
  • the allowable input / output power is allowable input power
  • the allowable power change width is an allowable power decrease width
  • the amount control device may be configured to lower the target value of the charged amount as the allowable input power decreases.
  • the allowable power increases when the storage amount of the capacitor is low, the allowable power is reduced by lowering the target value of the storage amount of the capacitor as the allowable input power decreases.
  • the reduction width that is, the torque reduction amount of the left electric motor and the right electric motor can be secured larger.
  • the electric motor control device consumes the allowable power reduction range TD, the generated power of the generator X, the left and right total power Y, the allowable input power Z, and the electric power of the capacitor.
  • the allowable power reduction width TD may be obtained by the following expression TD ⁇ ⁇ X + Y + Z + L.
  • the allowable power reduction width [kW] is set such that the allowable power reduction width [kW] ⁇ ⁇ (the generated power of the generator) [kW] + the left and right total electric power [kW] + the allowable input power [ [kW] + power consumption of the electric auxiliary machine [kW].
  • the storage amount control device lowers the target value of the storage amount of the capacitor when the temperature of the capacitor decreases.
  • the amount of decrease in allowable input power related to the limitation on the amount of torque reduction of the capacitor can be reduced.
  • the electric motor control device can more reliably protect the electric storage device by lowering the limit value of the left and right total power when the temperature of the electric storage device decreases, for example, traction control at the time of slip There is no shortage of torque reduction amount.
  • condenser WHEREIN The motor mechanically connected to a wheel, the generator mechanically connected to an internal combustion engine, the said motor, and the said electric power generation A battery that is electrically connected to the machine, a power control device that controls the power generated by the motor, and the power generated by the motor when an excess slip that is a predetermined slip or more occurs on the wheel.
  • a power adjustment device that adjusts in a range in which the sign is not reversed, and the power control device limits the power generated by the electric motor based on the temperature of the capacitor or the allowable input / output power of the capacitor, The power adjusting device adjusts the power generated by the electric motor within a range in which the sign is not reversed without being limited.
  • the torque itself which is the motive power generated by the motor
  • the electric storage device is reduced so that the electric storage device will not be damaged due to overdischarge or overcharge no matter what torque reduction occurs.
  • the battery can be protected more reliably, and the traction control amount will not be insufficient.
  • it is possible to protect the battery by reducing the amount of power generated by the generator in cooperation with a decrease in torque (torque down), which is the power generated by the electric motor. Such complicated cooperative control becomes unnecessary.
  • the two motors of the left motor and the right motor are once handled integrally, the total allowable power change width of the two motors is obtained based on the left and right total power, and the obtained allowable power change width is obtained. Since the power of each motor is controlled with a simple equal value as a constraint, the allowable input / output power of the capacitor can be reliably protected, and the control of each motor can be prevented from becoming complicated. it can.
  • the torque itself which is the motive power generated by the motor
  • the torque itself which is the motive power generated by the motor
  • the battery can be protected more reliably, and the effect that the amount of traction control is not insufficient is achieved.
  • torque down which is the power generated by the electric motor.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention on which a vehicle drive device can be mounted. It is a schematic block diagram of the front-wheel drive device in the vehicle of FIG. It is a typical block diagram explaining the electric power distribution at the time of motor traction control. It is a characteristic view with which it uses for description of battery protection under motor traction control. It is a block diagram which shows schematic structure of the vehicle which concerns on the modification of this invention. It is a characteristic view with which it uses for description of the motor traction control at the time of battery temperature fall. It is a characteristic view with which the limitation of the amount of torque reduction at the time of battery temperature fall and description of battery protection is provided. It is a flowchart provided to description of the whole process of embodiment of this invention and a modification.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a vehicle 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a driving device 16 (second driving device, hereinafter referred to as a front wheel driving device) in which an electric motor (M) 14 is connected in series to an internal combustion engine 12 via a transmission (T / M) 18. While the power of the internal combustion engine 12 and the electric motor 14 is transmitted to the front wheels Wf via the transmission 18, the driving device 20 (provided at the rear portion of the vehicle separately from the front wheel driving device 16).
  • the power of the first driving device (hereinafter referred to as rear wheel driving device) is transmitted to the rear wheels Wr (RWr, LWr).
  • the motor 14 of the front wheel drive device 16 and the first and second motors (M) 22A and 22B (left and right motors) of the rear wheel drive device 20 are DC / AC converters having switching elements connected in a three-phase full bridge type.
  • the inverters (INV) 15, 23 ⁇ / b> A, and 23 ⁇ / b> B are electrically connected to the battery (BAT) 24, respectively, so that power supply from the battery 24 and energy regeneration to the battery 24 are possible.
  • the battery 24 is a capacitor (energy storage), and can be replaced with a capacitor in addition to a secondary battery such as a nickel metal hydride battery or a lithium ion battery. In this embodiment, a lithium ion secondary battery is employed.
  • the battery 24 is provided with a battery temperature detector 25 that detects the battery temperature Tb.
  • Each component of the vehicle 10 is controlled by an ECU (electronic control unit) 26 that is a control device.
  • the ECU 26 includes a microcomputer, and operates as various functional means (various functional units) in which the CPU executes programs based on information from various sensors (various detectors) and performs various operations. .
  • One or a plurality of ECUs 26 may be used, and in this embodiment, a single ECU 26 will be described for the sake of avoidance of complexity and convenience of understanding.
  • the vehicle 10 is controlled by the ECU 26 under the control of the ECU 26 such that the rear wheel drive device 20 only drives the rear wheels Wr, the front wheel drive device 16 only drives the front wheels Wf, and the rear wheel drive device 20 operates.
  • All-wheel drive ⁇ AWD, four-wheel drive (4WD) ⁇ traveling using both the driving of the rear wheel Wr and the driving of the front wheel Wf by the front wheel driving device 16 is possible.
  • the rear wheels Wr are driven by the first and / or second electric motors 22A and 22B, and in the front wheel drive running, the front wheels Wf are driven by the internal combustion engine 12 and / or the electric motor 14.
  • the rear wheel drive device 20 includes axles 28A and 28B.
  • the axles 28A and 28B are left and right axles on the rear wheel Wr side of the vehicle 10, and are arranged coaxially in the vehicle width direction.
  • the detailed configuration of the rear wheel drive device 20 having the first and second electric motors 22A and 22B is disclosed in, for example, JP2013-215017A. Therefore, here, for the sake of avoidance of complexity and convenience of understanding. The present invention will be described to the extent that it can be understood.
  • the rear wheel drive device 20 includes first and second electric motors 22A and 22B for driving axles, and speed reducers 30A and 30B that reduce the drive rotation of the first and second electric motors 22A and 22B. And are arranged on the same axis.
  • the reduction gears 30A and 30B include a hydraulic brake driven by the electric oil pump 40 and a one-way clutch that transmits the forward power (forward driving force) of the first and second electric motors 22A and 22B to the axles 28A and 28B. Is incorporated.
  • the first motor 22A functions as a left motor that drives the left rear wheel LWr
  • the second motor 22B functions as a right motor that drives the right rear wheel RWr.
  • the rear wheel Wr is provided with wheel speed sensors 32A and 32B for detecting the number of rotations of the left rear wheel LWr and the right rear wheel RWr, and the left rear wheel LWr and the right rear wheel RWr have an acceleration slip greater than a predetermined value or
  • a slip acquisition device 34 capable of acquiring the occurrence of a deceleration slip (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “slip” or “excess slip”) is provided.
  • the first and second electric motors 22A and 22B are provided with resolvers 36A and 36B which are rotational speed detectors for detecting the rotational speeds of the first and second electric motors 22A and 22B.
  • the ECU 26 In addition to the rotation speeds of the left and right rear wheels LWr and RWr acquired from the wheel speed sensors 32A and 32B, the rotation speeds of the first and second electric motors 22A and 22B acquired from the resolvers 36A and 36B, the ECU 26 described above is operated by steering. Angle, accelerator pedal opening AP, shift position, SOC of battery 24 (also referred to as a charged amount or remaining capacity, usually expressed as a percentage in which the full charge capacity is 100%), various oil temperatures
  • the ECU 26 receives a signal for controlling the front wheel drive device 16 including the internal combustion engine 12 and the electric motor 14, a signal for controlling the rear wheel drive device 20 including the first and second electric motors 22A and 22B, and the like. Is output.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic configuration of the front wheel drive device 16.
  • the detailed configuration of the front wheel drive device 16 is disclosed in, for example, FIG. 1 and FIG. 14 of JP2011-79379A, so that the present invention can be understood to avoid the complexity and for the convenience of understanding. Explained.
  • the front wheel drive device 16 includes an internal combustion engine 12 as a drive source, an electric motor 14 that functions as a drive source, a drive assist source, or a generator, and a transmission 18 for transmitting the power of the drive source and the drive assist source to the front wheels Wf. And a planetary gear mechanism 52 as a differential reduction gear constituting a part of the transmission 18.
  • the electric motor 14 is a three-phase brushless synchronous motor, and includes a stator 56 in which a coil is wound around a stator core, and a rotor 58 in which a permanent magnet disposed so as to face the stator 56 is incorporated.
  • the planetary gear mechanism 52 has a ring gear 52 a, a planetary gear 52 c, a planetary carrier 52 d, and a sun gear 52 b connected to the rotor 58.
  • the transmission 18 includes a plurality of shifts including a first clutch 61 (first connecting / disconnecting means) and a second clutch 62 (second connecting / disconnecting means) provided on the crankshaft 54 of the internal combustion engine 12, and a planetary gear mechanism 52.
  • a gear group, a first gear shift actuator (first gear shifter, first gear shifter / synchronizer) 41 and a second gear shift actuator (second gear shifter, second gear shifter This is a so-called double-clutch transmission including a synchronizer 42.
  • the transmission 18 is disposed coaxially with the crankshaft 54 of the internal combustion engine 12, and is a first main shaft (also referred to as a first first main shaft) to which power from the internal combustion engine 12 is directly transmitted via the first clutch 61. .) 101 and a hollow connecting shaft 103 (also referred to as a second first main shaft 103) to which power from the internal combustion engine 12 is transmitted through the first main shaft 101, the sun gear 52b, the planetary gear 52c, and the planetary carrier 52d. ) And a hollow second main shaft (also referred to as a first second main shaft) 102 to which power from the internal combustion engine 12 is transmitted via the second clutch 62, and the second main shaft 102.
  • Idle gear train 84 (consisting of an idle drive gear 81, a first idle driven gear 82, and a second idle driven gear 83) and a rotation shaft of the second idle driven gear 83.
  • a second main shaft also referred to as a second second main shaft or an intermediate shaft
  • 95 and a counter shaft (also referred to as an output shaft) 104 that drives the front wheels Wf via the axle 50A (50B).
  • the transmission 18 has a fifth speed drive on the first and second first main shafts 101 and 103 (first input shaft), which is one of the two transmission shafts (odd speed transmission shaft).
  • An odd-numbered gear group (first gear group) composed of a gear 75, a seventh-speed drive gear 77, and a third-speed drive gear 73 is provided, and the other transmission shaft (even-numbered transmission shaft) is the first and
  • the first speed change actuator 41 is not fixed to the first main shafts 101 and 103 (shown as being fixed for convenience in FIG. 2) and the fifth speed drive gear 75 and the seventh.
  • the speed driving gear 77 and the third speed driving gear 73 are selectively connected to or released from the first main shafts 101 and 103.
  • the second speed change actuator 42 is not fixed to the second main shaft 105 (shown as being fixed for convenience in FIG. 2).
  • the fourth speed drive gear 74 and the sixth speed drive gear 76 are shown.
  • the second speed drive gear 72 is selectively connected to or released from the second main shaft 105.
  • the first shared driven gear 91 provided on the countershaft 104 meshes with the third speed drive gear 73 and constitutes a third speed gear pair 73p together with the third speed drive gear 73, while the second speed drive.
  • the gear 72 is meshed with the second speed drive gear 72 to form a second speed gear pair 72p.
  • the second shared driven gear 92 provided on the counter shaft 104 meshes with the fifth speed drive gear 75 to form a fifth speed gear pair 75p together with the fifth speed drive gear 75, while the fourth speed drive.
  • the gear 74 is engaged with the fourth speed drive gear 74 to form a fourth speed gear pair 74p.
  • the third common driven gear 93 provided on the counter shaft 104 meshes with the seventh speed drive gear 77 to form the seventh speed gear pair 77p together with the seventh speed drive gear 77, while the sixth speed drive gear 77
  • a sixth speed gear pair 76p is configured together with the sixth speed drive gear 76 by meshing with the gear 76.
  • the internal combustion engine 12 is connected to the first main shaft 101 that is an odd-speed transmission shaft of the transmission 18 when the ECU 26 engages the first clutch 61, and is connected to the rotor 58 of the electric motor 14 through the first main shaft 101,
  • the electric motor 14 can be driven as a generator.
  • the internal combustion engine 12 is also driven by the third, fifth, and seventh speed gears (the third speed drive gear 73, the fifth speed drive gear 75, and the seventh speed drive gear when the motor 14 is driven as a generator. 77), torque transmission to the front wheel Wf is performed through the counter shaft 104.
  • the internal combustion engine 12 is further connected to the first and second second main shafts 102 and 105 which are even-stage transmission shafts of the transmission 18 when the ECU 26 engages the second clutch 62, and is connected to the second, fourth and sixth speeds. Torque is transmitted to the front wheels Wf through the counter shaft 104 using any of the gears (second speed drive gear 72, fourth speed drive gear 74, and sixth speed drive gear 76).
  • the electric motor 14 when the electric motor 14 is operated as an electric motor when the ECU 26 releases the first and second clutches 61, 62, the rotational driving force of the rotor 58 passes through the planetary gear mechanism 52 on the odd-numbered speed change shaft of the transmission 18. It is connected to a certain first first main shaft 101 and uses any of 3, 5, and 7 speed gears (a 3rd speed drive gear 73, a 5th speed drive gear 75, and a 7th speed drive gear 77). The torque can be transmitted to the front wheel Wf through the counter shaft 104. When the motor 14 transmits torque to the front wheels Wf and performs power regeneration from the front wheels Wf, both the first and second clutches 61 and 62 are released to establish mechanical connection with the internal combustion engine 12. It is efficient when shut off.
  • the final gear 94 provided on the countershaft 104 is for odd-numbered third speed, fifth-speed, seventh-speed drive gears 73, 75, 77 and even-numbered second speed, fourth speed, It is shared by the sixth-speed drive gears 72, 74, and 76.
  • odd-numbered gear shifts are controlled by the first gear shift actuator 41 including the first gear shift control for operating the planetary gear mechanism 52.
  • the rotor 58 of the electric motor 14 is directly connected to the first-speed sun gear 52b, and assist for the power of the internal combustion engine 12 is performed from the odd-numbered stage side. That is, when the even-numbered gear is used (when the second clutch 62 is engaged), the first-speed drive gear (the planetary gear mechanism 52 and the third-speed drive gear 73 is released) because the odd-numbered first clutch 61 is released. ), Assist (power transmission) using the fifth speed drive gear 75 and the seventh speed drive gear 77 becomes possible.
  • the first and second clutches 61 and 62 are disconnected and the internal combustion engine 12 is completely disconnected.
  • the power transmission of the motor 14 can be performed only from odd-numbered gears. Therefore, regenerative power generation and motor running are performed only at odd speeds.
  • the vehicle can be started only at an odd speed (normally, the vehicle is started at the first speed drive gear).
  • the first and second speed change actuators 41 and 42 wait in advance (set) the next low speed stage side or high speed stage side shift gear, so-called.
  • the first and second clutches 61 and 62 are alternately connected (connected / disengaged, engaged / released) to achieve a high speed shift.
  • the ECU 26 controls the front wheel drive device 16 and the rear wheel drive device 20 in accordance with each vehicle state.
  • motor traction that performs motor traction control that suppresses slip of the rear wheel Wr based on the wheel rotation speed of the rear wheel Wr or the motor rotation speed of the first and second electric motors 22A and 22B.
  • It also functions as an electric motor control device having a control system (M-TCS), and controls the torque generated by the first and second electric motors 22A and 22B when executing motor traction control, and controls the left and right rear wheels LWr and RWr. Control the rotation state and so on.
  • M-TCS control system
  • the vehicle 10 in which at least one of the front wheel Wf and the rear wheel Wr (both the front wheel Wf and the rear wheel Wr in this embodiment) is driven, the vehicle 10 is mechanically connected to the rear wheel Wr.
  • the first and second motors 22A and 22B, the generator (motor 14) mechanically connected to the internal combustion engine 12, and the first and second motors 22A and 22B and the generator (motor 14) are electrically connected.
  • An ECU (hereinafter also referred to as a power control ECU, if necessary) 26 that functions as a power control device that controls the power generated by the first and second electric motors 22A and 22B, and a rear part.
  • ECU which serves as a power adjustment device for adjusting the extent that not a reverse power if words comprising (hereinafter, optionally, referred to the power adjustment ECU.) And 26, the.
  • the battery power Pbat [kW] of the battery 24 is operating at the outflow power ⁇ [kW].
  • Outflow power is discharge power
  • inflow power is charge power.
  • the battery power Pbat [kW] is negative on the discharge side and positive on the charge side. Therefore, the outflow power - ⁇ represents the discharge power.
  • the battery 24 has a limit of the inflow output power according to the SOC [%], and particularly at a low temperature, as shown in FIG. 4, the maximum value of the battery outflow power ⁇ Pdmax [kW] on the vertical axis and the battery inflow power It has a rated limit value corresponding to SOC [%] on the horizontal axis, such as a maximum value Pcmax [kW].
  • the maximum battery outflow power value ⁇ Pdmax which is a dischargeable power value
  • ⁇ Pdmax which is a dischargeable power value
  • Pcmax which is a chargeable power value
  • the value increases.
  • the battery inflow power Pc does not exceed the battery inflow power maximum value Pcmax (
  • the ECU 26 equalizes (halves) the torque-down amount TD when an excess slip occurs in any of the rear wheels Wr.
  • TD / 2 ⁇ (TD / 2) ( The powers of the first electric motor 22A and the second electric motor 22B are controlled separately and independently within a change range of the width of -X + Y + Z + L) / 2 ⁇ .
  • the operating point of the battery 24 is on the positive side (lower side in FIG. 4) in FIG. 4, and the allowable output is the rated limit value in the negative direction of the battery 24, that is, in the power outflow direction (upward direction in FIG. 4). The same can be considered for limiting the power to the battery outflow power maximum value -Pdmax.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a vehicle 10A according to a modification of the present invention.
  • the front wheel drive device 16a of the vehicle 10A includes first and second electric motors 22A and 22B that drive left and right front wheels Wf (LWf, LWr) disposed on the front side of the vehicle 10A.
  • the rear wheel drive device 20a of the vehicle 10A includes an electric motor 14 that is arranged in series via a transmission 18 to the internal combustion engine 12 that is disposed on the rear side of the vehicle 10A and drives the rear wheel Wr.
  • the above-mentioned [motor traction control] for the first and second electric motors 22A and 22B of the vehicle 10A can be similarly applied.
  • the vehicles 10 and 10A include the left wheel (the left rear wheel in the example of FIG. 1) in the vehicles 10 and 10A in which at least one of the front wheel Wf and the rear wheel Wr is driven.
  • LWr mechanically connected to the first motor 22A, which is the left motor mechanically connected to the left front wheel LWf in FIG. 5 and the right wheel (rear wheel Rwr in FIG. 1 and front wheel RWf in FIG. 5).
  • the second motor 22B which is the right motor, the motor 14 functioning as a generator mechanically connected to the internal combustion engine 12, the first motor 22A, the second motor 22B, and the motor 14 (generator ) And a battery 24 as a battery that is electrically connected to the ECU), and an ECU 26 as an electric motor control device that controls the power generated by the first and second electric motors 22A and 22B.
  • the allowable input / output power of the battery 24 (the allowable input power Z in the above embodiment).
  • the left and right total power (Rr-MOT output power) that is the total power consumed or generated by the first and second motors 22A and 22B (power consumption in the embodiment), and the generated power X of the motor 14 (generator).
  • a torque down amount TD [kW] which is an allowable change width (allowable power change width ⁇ ) of the left and right total electric power Y is obtained, and the first based on the value TD / 2 obtained by equally dividing the torque down amount TD.
  • the power of the second electric motors 22A and 22B is controlled.
  • the ECU 26 reduces the torque by reducing the duty of the switching elements constituting the inverters 23A, 23B (driving force reducer, driving force adjuster, torque reducer, torque adjuster).
  • the two motors of the first and second motors 22A and 22B are once handled integrally, and based on the left and right total power Y, the total allowable of the first and second motors 22A and 22B
  • the torque reduction amount TD that is the power change width ⁇ is obtained, and the powers of the first and second electric motors 22A and 22B are controlled (restricted) with the value obtained by simply dividing the obtained torque down amount TD as a restriction. Therefore, the allowable input / output power of the battery 24 (the allowable input power Z in the above embodiment) can be reliably protected, and the control of the first and second electric motors 22A and 22B can be prevented from becoming complicated. Can do.
  • the allowable input / output power is an allowable input power Z
  • the allowable power change width ⁇ is a torque down amount TD that is an allowable power decrease width
  • the ECU 26 may function as a storage amount control device that controls the storage amount SOC, and the ECU 26 may lower the target value of the storage amount SOC to a value lower than the storage amount SOC1.
  • the allowable input power Z increases when the storage amount SOC of the battery 24 is low. Therefore, by reducing the target value of the storage amount SOC of the battery 24, the allowable power reduction range, that is, the first and second The torque reduction amount TD of the second electric motors 22A and 22B can be secured larger.
  • the ECU 26 determines the generated power X of the electric motor 14 (generator), the first and second electric motors 22A, 22B when obtaining the constraint condition of the torque reduction amount TD that is the allowable power reduction range.
  • the following formula (10) TD ⁇ represented when the left and right total power Y consumed in step S1, the allowable input power Z, and the power L of the auxiliary load 209 that consumes the power of the battery 24 (power consumption of the electric auxiliary machine) -X + Y + Z + L (10)
  • the constraint condition of the torque reduction amount TD that is the allowable power reduction range is obtained.
  • the allowable power reduction width (torque down amount TD) [kW] is set to “permissible power reduction width [kW] ⁇ ⁇ (generator generated power) [kW] + the left and right total power that is the total power consumption of the left and right motors.
  • the control is simplified because the control is performed so as to be within the constraint of [kW] + allowable input power [kW] to the storage device + auxiliary load power [kW].
  • the battery outflow power maximum value ⁇ Pdmax [kW] and the battery inflow power maximum value Pcmax [kW] with respect to the storage amount SOC [%] of the battery 24 Are the battery outflow power maximum value ⁇ Pdmax ′ [kW] and the battery inflow power maximum value Pcmax ′ [kW], each having a smaller absolute value indicated by a broken line, and the battery power Pbat of the battery 24 in the right side of the equation (9).
  • the target value of the storage amount SOC [%] is determined from the storage amount SOC1, for example, the allowable input power Z ′ at the low temperature is the allowable input power. It is preferable to reduce the target remaining capacity value to a smaller value of the stored charge SOC2 such as returning to Z.
  • the amount of decrease in the allowable input power Z related to the restriction on the torque down amount TD of the battery 24 can be reduced.
  • -MOT output power The left and right total limit power Ylmt, which is the limit value (maximum value) of Y, is decreased in response to the decrease in the battery temperature Tbat, so that even when the battery temperature Tbat of the battery 24 is decreased, The battery 24 can be reliably protected.
  • the left and right total power (Rr-MOT output power) Y takes a value that does not exceed the left and right total limit power Ylmt in the characteristic 212 of FIG.
  • the torque reduction amount TD after the occurrence of slip is proportional to the torque amount at the time of slip occurrence, that is, the left and right total power (Rr-MOT output power) Y
  • the battery no matter what torque is reduced by the first and second electric motors 22A and 22B.
  • the battery 24 can be protected more reliably by limiting the torque itself, which is the power currently generated by the first and second electric motors 22A and 22B, to the left and right total limit power Ylmt so as not to damage the motor 24.
  • the torque down amount TD which is the traction control amount at the time of slip, is not deficient.
  • the horizontal axis represents the battery temperature Tbat, but instead of the battery temperature Tbat, the allowable input / output power of the battery 24 having a positive correlation with the battery temperature Tbat may be used.
  • the limit of the left and right total power (Rr-MOT output power) Y consumed by the first and second motors 22A and 22B is limited.
  • the left and right total limit power Ylmt which is a value (maximum value), may be controlled to be reduced in advance.
  • step S1 the ECU 26 determines whether or not the traction mode for performing traction control is set.
  • step S1: YES the ECU 26 executes torque down amount control in steps S2 to S6.
  • step S3 the left and right total limit power Ylmt that is the limit value (maximum value) of the left and right total power Y [kW] corresponding to the battery temperature Tbat is determined with reference to the characteristic 212 of FIG.
  • step S4 as described with reference to FIG. 6, the target SOC is calculated corresponding to the battery temperature Tbat.
  • step S5 based on the left and right total power Y, the constraint condition of the torque down amount TD, which is the total allowable power change width ⁇ of the first and second electric motors 22A and 22B, is set in advance in the equation (10). calculate.
  • step S6 when it is acquired through the slip acquisition device 34 that an excess slip has occurred in any of the rear wheels Wr, the ECU 26 equally divides the torque-down amount TD calculated in advance (halved).
  • the motor 14 is driven by the internal combustion engine 12 through the transmission 18 while the rear wheel Wr (or the front wheel Wf) is driven by the first and second motors 22A and 22B.
  • the vehicle 10 and 10A all-wheel drive vehicle capable of driving the front wheels Wf (or the rear wheels Wr) through the transmission 18 at the same time by the internal combustion engine 12.
  • the rear wheel Wr (or the front wheel Wf) is driven by the first and second electric motors 22A and 22B, and the generator is caused to generate electric power by the internal combustion engine 12 (speed change by the internal combustion engine 12).
  • the generator is caused to generate electric power by the internal combustion engine 12 (speed change by the internal combustion engine 12).
  • a so-called (pure) series hybrid vehicle or range extender vehicle that does not drive the front wheel Wf and the rear wheel Wr through the machine 18 (or drives the rear wheel drive) (or drives all wheels), etc.
  • various configurations can be adopted.

Abstract

 バッテリ(24)に電気的に接続され左右車輪にそれぞれ機械的に接続される左右電動機(22A、22B)を備え、内燃機関(12)に機械的に接続された発電機(14)がバッテリ(24)に電気的に接続される車両(10、10A)において、トラクション制御時等に、確実にバッテリ(24)を保護する車両(10、10A)を提供する。第1及び第2電動機(22A、22B)の2つの電動機を一旦一体的に扱って、左右合計電力(Y)に基づき、2つの電動機の合計の許容電力変化幅(α)であるトルクダウン量(TD)を求め、求めたトルクダウン量(TD)を単純に等分した値を制約として、第1及び第2電動機(22A、22B)それぞれの動力を制御することで、バッテリ(24)の許容入出力電力(許容入力電力(Z))を確実に守る。

Description

車両
 この発明は、前輪(左前輪と右前輪)及び後輪(左後輪と右後輪)の少なくとも一方が左右の電動機により駆動される車両に関する。
 特開平05-111111号公報(以下、JP1993-111111Aという。)には、バッテリから駆動回路を通じて走行用の電動機が駆動される電気自動車が開示されている(図1)。この場合、前記駆動回路が、コントローラにより制御されることで走行用の前記電動機が発生する駆動力が制御されるようになっている。
 JP1993-111111Aでは、バッテリの温度が常温(JP1993-111111Aでは、30[℃])より低下したときには、バッテリの残容量(蓄電量)が低下することを考慮し、バッテリを過放電から保護するために、コントローラが、バッテリの温度の低下に応じて前記電動機が発生する駆動力を、前記駆動回路を通じて制限する構成にすることが開示されている(図2、図3)。
 特開2007-245896号公報(以下、JP2007-245896Aという。)には、例として前輪をエンジンの動力により駆動し、後輪を電動機の動力により駆動する全輪駆動(4輪駆動)車両が開示されている(図1)。前記後輪を駆動する前記電動機には、エンジンの回転出力トルクにより駆動された専用発電機により発電された電力が供給されている。
 JP2007-245896Aでは、エンジンにより駆動される前輪に超過スリップが発生した場合、この超過スリップを抑制するために、エンジンの回転出力トルクを低下させることで車両の加速度を抑制しモータトルク指令値の低下速度が急減することを防止し、結果として、前記専用発電機の電圧が異常上昇することを抑制する構成が開示されている([0004]、[0011]、[0033])。
 特開2013-215017号公報(以下、JP2013-215017Aという。)には、前輪(左前輪と右前輪)及び後輪(左後輪と右後輪)の一方が駆動される車両が開示されている(図1、[0127])。
 JP2013-215017Aには、後輪(左後輪と右後輪)駆動走行中に、一方の後輪に超過スリップが発生したとき、超過スリップが発生した後輪の駆動トルクを低減すると共に、ヨーモーメントが発生しないように、他方の後輪の駆動トルクもその分低減し、且つ車両の駆動力が低下しないように、前輪(左前輪と右前輪)に低減した駆動トルクを配分するように構成する車両用駆動装置が開示されている{[0082]-[0085]、図20(a)、図20(b)、図20(c)}。
 JP2013-215017Aでは、このように制御することで、スプリットμ路上等においても、ドライバ要求に応じた十分なトルクを路面に伝達できるので、走行性能を維持することが可能となると開示されている([要約])。
 特開2011-79379号公報(以下、JP2011-79379Aという。)には、内燃機関と電動機との間にダブルクラッチにより切り替えられる変速機を備え、且つ前記内燃機関が前記電動機に直列に接続されたハイブリッド車両用の駆動装置が開示されている(図1、図14)。
 ところで、JP2013-215017Aに開示されている前輪(左前輪と右前輪)及び後輪(左後輪と右後輪)の一方が左右の電動機により駆動される車両に対して、JP1993-111111Aに記載された温度の低下に伴うバッテリの保護技術、及びJP2007-245896Aに記載された専用発電機の電圧が異常に上昇することを抑制する技術を、そのまま適用することができない。JP1993-111111A、及びJP2007-245896Aでは、それぞれ1つの電動機で車輪を駆動しているからである。
 この発明は、前記の技術及び課題に関連してなされたものであって、蓄電器の出力電力を入力電力とし左車輪に機械的に接続される左電動機と、右車輪に機械的に接続される右電動機と、前記蓄電器に内燃機関に機械的に接続された発電機の発電電力を入力する車両において、トラクション制御時等に、簡単な構成で確実に前記蓄電器を保護することを可能とする車両を提供することを目的とする。
 この発明に係る車両は、前輪及び後輪の少なくとも一方が駆動される車両において、左車輪に機械的に接続される左電動機と、右車輪に機械的に接続される右電動機と、内燃機関に機械的に接続される発電機と、前記左電動機、前記右電動機、及び前記発電機に電気的に接続される蓄電器と、前記左電動機及び前記右電動機が発生する動力を制御する電動機制御装置と、を備え、前記電動機制御装置は、前記蓄電器の許容入出力電力、前記発電機の発電電力、及び前記左電動機及び前記右電動機が合計で消費又は発生する電力である左右合計電力に基づいて、前記左右合計電力の許容変化幅である許容電力変化幅を求め、前記許容電力変化幅を等分した値に基づいて 前記左電動機及び前記右電動機の動力を別個独立に制御するものである。
 この発明によれば、左電動機と右電動機の2つの電動機を一旦一体的に扱って、左右合計電力に基づき、2つの電動機の合計の許容電力変化幅を求め、求めた前記許容電力変化幅を単純に等分した値を制約として、各電動機の動力を別個独立に制御することになるので、蓄電器の許容入出力電力を確実に守ることができ、且つ、各電動機の制御の複雑化を防止することができる。
 この場合、前記許容入出力電力は、許容入力電力であり、前記許容電力変化幅は、許容電力減少幅であって、さらに、前記蓄電器の蓄電量を制御する蓄電量制御装置を備え、前記蓄電量制御装置は、前記許容入力電力が小さくなるのに応じて前記蓄電量の目標値を引き下げるように構成してもよい。
 このように構成した場合、蓄電器の蓄電量が低い方が、許容入力電力が大きくなるので、許容入力電力が小さくなるのに応じて前記蓄電器の前記蓄電量の目標値を引き下げることで、許容電力減少幅、すなわち左電動機及び右電動機のトルクダウン量をより大きく確保することができる。
 この場合において、前記電動機制御装置は、前記許容電力減少幅をTD、前記発電機の発電電力をX、前記左右合計電力をY、前記許容入力電力をZ、及び前記蓄電器の電力を消費する電動補機の消費電力をLとしたとき、次の式TD≦-X+Y+Z+Lにより前記許容電力減少幅TDを求めるようにしてもよい。
 このように、許容電力減少幅[kW]を、許容電力減少幅[kW]≦-(発電機の発電電力)[kW]+左右電動機の左右合計電力[kW]+蓄電器への許容入力電力[kW]+電動補機の消費電力[kW]の制約条件下に収まるように制御すればよいので制御が簡単になる。
 さらに、前記蓄電量制御装置は、前記蓄電器の温度の低下時に、前記蓄電器の蓄電量の前記目標値を引き下げるようにすることが好ましい。
 蓄電器の温度の低下時に、蓄電器のトルクダウン量の制約に係わる許容入力電力の低下量を少なくすることができる。
 さらにまた、前記電動機制御装置は、前記蓄電器の温度の低下時に、前記左右合計電力の制限値を低下させておくことで、より確実に蓄電器を保護することができるし、例えばスリップ時のトラクション制御量であるトルクダウン量が不足することがない。
 このように構成すれば、蓄電器の温度の低下時に、この発明に係る車両は、車輪に機械的に接続される電動機と、内燃機関に機械的に接続される発電機と、前記電動機及び前記発電機に電気的に接続される蓄電器と、前記電動機の発生する動力を制御する動力制御装置と、前記車輪に所定以上のスリップである超過スリップが発生したときに、前記電動機が発生する動力を、符号が反転しない範囲で調整する動力調整装置と、を備える車両であり、前記動力制御装置は、前記蓄電器の温度又は前記蓄電器の許容入出力電力に基づいて前記電動機が発生する動力を制限し、前記動力調整装置は、制限を持たずに、前記符号が反転しない範囲で、前記電動機が発生する動力を調整するものである。
 この発明によれば、超過スリップが発生したとき、電動機がどのようなトルクダウンをしても蓄電器に過放電あるいは過充電のダメージを与えないように、電動機が発生する動力であるトルク自体を絞る(動力を制限する)ことでより確実に蓄電器を保護することができるし、トラクション制御量が不足することもない。この場合、電動機が発生する動力であるトルクの減少(トルクダウン)と協調して発電機の発電量を減少することによっても、蓄電器を保護することは可能であるが、この発明によれば、そのような複雑な協調制御が不要になる。
 この発明によれば、左電動機と右電動機の2つの電動機を一旦一体的に扱って、左右合計電力に基づき、2つの電動機の合計の許容電力変化幅を求め、求めた前記許容電力変化幅を単純に等分した値を制約として、各電動機の動力を制御することになるので、蓄電器の許容入出力電力を確実に守ることができ、且つ、各電動機の制御の複雑化を防止することができる。
 また、この発明によれば、超過スリップが発生したとき、電動機がどのようなトルクダウンをしても蓄電器に過放電あるいは過充電のダメージを与えないように、電動機が発生する動力であるトルク自体を絞ることでより確実に蓄電器を保護することができるし、トラクション制御量が不足することもないという効果が達成される。この場合、電動機が発生する動力であるトルクの減少(トルクダウン)と協調して発電機の発電量を減少することによっても、蓄電器を保護することは可能であるが、この発明によれば、そのような複雑な協調制御を不要にできる。
車両用駆動装置を搭載可能なこの発明の実施形態に係る車両の概略構成を示すブロック図である。 図1の車両中の前輪駆動装置の概略構成図である。 モータトラクション制御時における電力分配を説明する模式的ブロック図である。 モータトラクション制御下でのバッテリ保護の説明に供される特性図である。 この発明の変形例に係る車両の概略構成を示すブロック図である。 バッテリ温度低下時におけるモータトラクション制御の説明に供される特性図である。 バッテリ温度低下時におけるトルクダウン量の制限及びバッテリ保護の説明に供される特性図である。 この発明の実施形態、及び変形例の全体処理の説明に供されるフローチャートである。
 図1は、この発明の一実施形態に係る車両10の概略構成を示すブロック図である。
 車両10は、内燃機関12に変速機(T/M)18を介して電動機(M)14が直列に接続された駆動装置16(第2駆動装置、以下、前輪駆動装置という。)を車両前部に有するハイブリッド車両であり、内燃機関12と電動機14の動力が変速機18を介して前輪Wfに伝達される一方で、この前輪駆動装置16とは別に車両後部に設けられた駆動装置20(第1駆動装置、以下、後輪駆動装置という。)の動力が後輪Wr(RWr、LWr)に伝達されるようになっている。
 前輪駆動装置16の電動機14と後輪駆動装置20の第1及び第2電動機(M)22A、22B(左右電動機)とは、スイッチング素子を3相フルブリッジ型に接続した直流交流変換器としてのインバータ(INV)15、23A、23Bを介してそれぞれバッテリ(BAT)24に電気的に接続され、バッテリ24からの電力供給と、バッテリ24へのエネルギ回生が可能となっている。バッテリ24は、蓄電器(エネルギストレージ)であり、ニッケル水素電池、リチウムイオン電池等の2次電池の他、キャパシタに代替することもできる。この実施形態では、リチウムイオン2次電池を採用している。なお、バッテリ24には、バッテリ温度Tbを検出するバッテリ温度検出器25が設けられている。
 車両10の各構成要素は、制御装置であるECU(電子制御ユニット)26によって制御される。ECU26は、周知のように、マイクロコンピュータを含み、各種センサ(各種検出器)からの情報を元にCPUがプログラムを実行して種々の動作を実行する各種機能手段(各種機能部)として動作する。ECU26は、1個でも複数個使用してもよく、煩雑さの回避と理解の便宜のために、この実施形態では、1個のECU26で説明する。
 車両10は、ECU26の制御下に、後輪駆動装置20による後輪Wrの駆動のみの後輪駆動走行、前輪駆動装置16による前輪Wfの駆動のみの前輪駆動走行、及び後輪駆動装置20による後輪Wrの駆動と前輪駆動装置16による前輪Wfの駆動とを併用した全輪駆動{AWD、4輪駆動(4WD)}走行が可能である。
 後輪駆動走行では第1及び/又は第2電動機22A、22Bによって後輪Wrを駆動し、前輪駆動走行では内燃機関12及び/又は電動機14によって前輪Wfを駆動する。
[後輪駆動装置20の説明]
 後輪駆動装置20は、車軸28A、28Bを有し、車軸28A、28Bは、車両10の後輪Wr側の左右の車軸であり、車幅方向に同軸上に配置されている。なお、第1及び第2電動機22A、22Bを有する後輪駆動装置20の詳細な構成は、例えば、JP2013-215017Aに開示されているので、ここでは、煩雑さの回避と理解の便宜のために、この発明を理解できる程度に説明する。
 後輪駆動装置20は、車軸駆動用の第1及び第2電動機22A、22Bと、この第1及び第2電動機22A、22Bの駆動回転を減速する減速機30A、30Bと、が車軸28A、28Bと同軸上に配置されている。減速機30A、30Bには、電動オイルポンプ40により駆動される油圧ブレーキと、第1及び第2電動機22A、22Bの順方向の動力(前進駆動力)を車軸28A、28Bに伝達する一方向クラッチが組み込まれている。
 第1電動機22Aは左後輪LWrを駆動する左電動機として機能し、第2電動機22Bは右後輪RWrを駆動する右電動機として機能する。
 後輪Wrには、左後輪LWr、右後輪RWrの回転数を検出する車輪速センサ32A、32Bが設けられていると共に、左後輪LWr、右後輪RWrに所定以上の加速スリップ又は減速スリップ(以後、単に「スリップ」あるいは「超過スリップ」ということもある。)が発生したことを取得可能なスリップ取得装置34が設けられている。
 第1及び第2電動機22A、22Bには、第1及び第2電動機22A、22Bの回転数等を検出する回転数検出器であるレゾルバ36A、36Bが設けられている。
 前記したECU26には、車輪速センサ32A、32Bから取得される左右後輪LWr、RWrの回転数、レゾルバ36A、36Bから取得される第1及び第2電動機22A、22Bの回転数の他、操舵角、アクセルペダル開度AP、シフトポジション、バッテリ24の充電状態であるSOC(蓄電量又は残容量ともいい、通常、満充電容量を100%とした%表示で表される。)、各種油温等が入力される一方、ECU26からは、内燃機関12及び電動機14を含む前輪駆動装置16を制御する信号、第1及び第2電動機22A、22Bを含む後輪駆動装置20を制御する信号等が出力される。
[前輪駆動装置16の説明]
 図2は、前輪駆動装置16の概略構成を示している。前輪駆動装置16の詳細な構成は、例えば、JP2011-79379Aの図1、図14等に開示されているので、ここでは、煩雑さの回避と理解の便宜のために、この発明を理解できる程度に説明する。
 前輪駆動装置16は、駆動源である内燃機関12と、駆動源、駆動補助源又は発電機として機能する電動機14と、駆動源、駆動補助源の動力を前輪Wfに伝達するための変速機18と、変速機18の一部を構成する差動式減速機としての遊星歯車機構52と、を備えている。
 電動機14は、3相ブラシレス同期モータでありステータコアにコイルが巻回されたステータ56と、このステータ56に対向するように配置された永久磁石が組み込まれたロータ58とを有している。
 遊星歯車機構52は、リングギヤ52aと、プラネタリギヤ52cと、プラネタリキャリヤ52dと、ロータ58に連結されたサンギヤ52bと、を有している。
 変速機18は、内燃機関12のクランク軸54に設けられた第1クラッチ61(第1断接手段)及び第2クラッチ62(第2断接手段)と、遊星歯車機構52を含む複数の変速ギヤ群と、これら変速ギヤ群を切り替える(変速段を切り替える)第1変速アクチュエータ(第1変速手段、第1変速シフタ・シンクロナイザ)41及び第2変速アクチュエータ(第2変速手段、第2変速シフタ・シンクロナイザ)42を備えた、いわゆるダブルクラッチ式の変速機である。
 変速機18は、内燃機関12のクランク軸54と同軸上に配置され内燃機関12からの動力が第1クラッチ61を介して直接的に伝達される第1主軸(第1の第1主軸ともいう。)101、及び内燃機関12からの動力が前記第1主軸101、サンギヤ52b、プラネタリギヤ52c、及びプラネタリキャリヤ52dを介して伝達される中空状の連結軸103(第2の第1主軸103ともいう。)を備えると共に、内燃機関12からの動力が第2クラッチ62を介して伝達される中空状の第2主軸(第1の第2主軸ともいう。)102と、この第2主軸102に連結されるアイドルギヤ列84(アイドル駆動ギヤ81、第1アイドル従動ギヤ82、及び第2アイドル従動ギヤ83からなる。)と、第2アイドル従動ギヤ83の回転軸としての第2主軸(第2の第2主軸、中間軸ともいう。)105と、を備え、さらに、第1主軸101、103及び第2主軸102、105に対して平行に配置され、差動ギヤ機構95を通じ車軸50A(50B)を介して前輪Wfを駆動するカウンタ軸(出力軸ともいう。)104と、を備えている。
 さらに、変速機18には、2つの変速軸の一方の変速軸(奇数段変速軸)である第1及び第2の第1主軸101、103(第1入力軸)上に第5速用駆動ギヤ75と第7速用駆動ギヤ77と第3速用駆動ギヤ73とからなる奇数段ギヤ群(第1ギヤ群)が設けられ、他方の変速軸(偶数段変速軸)である第1及び第2の第2主軸102、105(第2入力軸)上に第2速用駆動ギヤ72と第4速用駆動ギヤ74と第6速用駆動ギヤ76からなる偶数段ギヤ群(第2ギヤ群)が設けられる。
 ここで、第1変速アクチュエータ41は、第1主軸101、103に固定されていない(図2では便宜的に固定されているように図示している。)第5速用駆動ギヤ75と第7速用駆動ギヤ77と第3速用駆動ギヤ73とを選択的に第1主軸101、103に連結乃至解放する。
 第2変速アクチュエータ42は、第2主軸105に固定されていない(図2では便宜的に固定されているように図示している。)第4速用駆動ギヤ74と第6速用駆動ギヤ76と第2速用駆動ギヤ72を選択的に第2主軸105に連結乃至解放する。
 カウンタ軸104に設けられた第1共用従動ギヤ91は、第3速用駆動ギヤ73と噛合し第3速用駆動ギヤ73と共に第3速用ギヤ対73pを構成する一方、第2速用駆動ギヤ72と噛合し第2速用駆動ギヤ72と共に第2速用ギヤ対72pを構成する。
 カウンタ軸104に設けられた第2共用従動ギヤ92は、第5速用駆動ギヤ75と噛合し第5速用駆動ギヤ75と共に第5速用ギヤ対75pを構成する一方、第4速用駆動ギヤ74と噛合し第4速用駆動ギヤ74と共に第4速用ギヤ対74pを構成する。
 カウンタ軸104に設けられた第3共用従動ギヤ93は、第7速用駆動ギヤ77と噛合し第7速用駆動ギヤ77と共に第7速用ギヤ対77pを構成する一方、第6速用駆動ギヤ76と噛合して第6速用駆動ギヤ76と共に第6速用ギヤ対76pを構成する。
 内燃機関12は、ECU26が第1クラッチ61を締結したときに変速機18の奇数段変速軸である第1主軸101に接続されると共に、第1主軸101を通じて電動機14のロータ58に接続され、電動機14を発電機として駆動することができるようになっている。
 内燃機関12は、また、電動機14を発電機として駆動しているときに、3、5、7速ギヤ(第3速用駆動ギヤ73、第5速用駆動ギヤ75、第7速用駆動ギヤ77)のいずれかを用いて、カウンタ軸104を通じて前輪Wfに対するトルク伝達を行う。
 内燃機関12は、さらに、ECU26が第2クラッチ62を締結したときに変速機18の偶数段変速軸である第1及び第2の第2主軸102、105に接続され、2、4、6速ギヤ(第2速用駆動ギヤ72、第4速用駆動ギヤ74、第6速用駆動ギヤ76)のいずれかを用いて、カウンタ軸104を通じて前輪Wfに対するトルク伝達を行う。
 一方、ECU26が第1及び第2クラッチ61、62を解放したときに電動機14を電動機として動作させると、ロータ58の回転駆動力が、遊星歯車機構52を通じて、変速機18の奇数段変速軸である第1の第1主軸101に接続され、3、5、7速ギヤ(第3速用駆動ギヤ73、第5速用駆動ギヤ75、第7速用駆動ギヤ77)のいずれかを用いて、カウンタ軸104を通じて前輪Wfに対するトルク伝達を行うことが可能になっている。なお、電動機14が、前輪Wfにトルク伝達を行うときと、前輪Wfから電力回生を行うときには、第1及び第2クラッチ61、62は両方とも解放して内燃機関12との機械的な接続を遮断すると効率がよい。
 カウンタ軸104に設けられたファイナルギヤ94は、奇数段の第3速用、第5速用、第7速用駆動ギヤ73、75、77と偶数段の第2速用、第4速用、第6速用駆動ギヤ72、74、76とで共用している。
 この実施形態では、煩雑さの回避のために、遊星歯車機構52を操作する第1速段の変速制御を含めて第1変速アクチュエータ41により奇数段の変速が制御されるものとしている。
 電動機14のロータ58は、1速のサンギヤ52bに直結されており、内燃機関12の動力に対するアシストは、奇数段側から行われる。つまり、偶数段使用時(第2クラッチ62の締結時)は、奇数段側の第1クラッチ61は解放されているから第1速用駆動ギヤ(遊星歯車機構52と第3速用駆動ギヤ73)、第5速用駆動ギヤ75、及び第7速用駆動ギヤ77を使用したアシスト(動力伝達)が可能になる。
 回生発電や電動機走行(EV走行)の際には、第1及び第2クラッチ61、62は切断され、内燃機関12は完全に切り離されるが、電動機14の動力伝達は、奇数段ギヤからしか行えないので、回生発電と電動機走行は、奇数段速でのみ行われる。なお、発進は、原則として奇数段速(通常、発進は第1速用駆動ギヤ)でのみ可能になっている。
 このように構成されるダブルクラッチの変速機18では、第1及び第2変速アクチュエータ41、42により次の低速段側の又は高速段側の変速ギヤを予め待機(セット)しておいて、いわゆるプレシフト状態にしておいて、第1及び第2クラッチ61、62を交互につなぐ(断接する、締結乃至解放する)ことで高速な変速を実現している。
[モータトラクション制御]
 ECU26は、各車両状態に合わせて前輪駆動装置16及び後輪駆動装置20を制御している。特に後輪駆動装置20に対しては、後輪Wrの車輪回転数又は第1及び第2電動機22A、22Bのモータ回転数に基づいて後輪Wrのスリップを抑制するモータトラクション制御を行うモータトラクション制御システム(M-TCS)を有する電動機制御装置としても機能し、モータトラクション制御を実行する際に、第1及び第2電動機22A、22Bが発生するトルクを制御し、左右後輪LWr、RWrの回転状態等を制御する。
 より詳しくは、前輪Wf及び後輪Wrの少なくとも一方(この実施形態では、前輪Wf及び後輪Wrの両方)が駆動される車両10において、当該車両10は、後輪Wrに機械的に接続される第1及び第2電動機22A、22Bと、内燃機関12に機械的に接続される発電機(電動機14)と、第1及び第2電動機22A、22B及び前記発電機(電動機14)に電気的に接続されるバッテリ24と、第1及び第2電動機22A、22Bが発生する動力を制御する動力制御装置として機能するECU(以下、必要に応じて、動力制御ECUともいう。)26と、後輪Wrに所定以上のスリップである超過スリップが発生したときに、第1及び第2電動機22A、22Bが発生する動力(順方向の動力という。)を、符号が反転しない範囲、換言すれば逆方向の動力とならない範囲で調整する動力調整装置として機能するECU(以下、必要に応じて、動力調整ECUという。)26と、を備える。
 次に、この発明の要部に係るモータトラクション制御システムが動作状態となっている車両10の後輪Wrが第1及び第2電動機22A、22Bにより駆動されている状態において、バッテリ24に対するECU26による保護動作について、図3の車両10の電力分配の模式的ブロック図を参照して説明する。
 図3において、車両10の内燃機関12(ENGと説明)に対して電動機14{前輪Wf側の電動機であるので、図3中、Fr-MOT(前輪駆動電動機)と説明}が上述したダブルクラッチ式の変速機18を通じて接続され、発電機として動作している電動機14の発電電力PgenがPgen=X[kW]であるものとする。
 バッテリ24のバッテリ電力Pbat[kW]は、流出電力-β[kW]で動作しているものとする。流出電力は放電電力であり流入電力は充電電力である。バッテリ電力Pbat[kW]は、放電側を負、充電側を正に採っている。従って、流出電力-βは、放電電力を表している。
 左後輪LWrを駆動する第1電動機22A{後輪Wr側の電動機であるので、図3中、Rr-MOT(後輪駆動電動機)と説明)}の消費電力Pmot1[kW]と右後輪RWrを駆動する第2電動機22B(Rr-MOT)の消費電力Pmot2との左右合計電力PmotがPmot=Y[kW](Rr-MOT出力電力ともいう。)であるものとする。
 バッテリ24に接続されている空気調和装置等の高圧補機202及びステップダウンコンバータ204を通じて接続されている12Vバッテリ206と低圧補機208からなる補機の補機負荷電力Pl[kW]の値は、補機負荷電力Pl=L[kW](電動補機の消費電力)であるものとする。
 バッテリ24は、SOC[%]に応じた流入出力電力の限界を有しており、特に低温時には、図4に示すように、縦軸のバッテリ流出電力最大値-Pdmax[kW]及びバッテリ流入電力最大値Pcmax[kW]といった、横軸のSOC[%]に応じた定格制限値を持っている。
 なお、蓄電量SOCがSOC=SOC1であるときの正方向の、すなわち電流流入方向の(図4では下方向の)定格制限値であるバッテリ流入電力最大値Pcmaxが、Pcmax=Z[kW](許容入力電力という。)であるものとする。
 図4に示すように、放電可能電力値であるバッテリ流出電力最大値-Pdmaxは、SOC[%]の0[%]から100[%]への増加に応じて0[kW]から線形に絶対値が増加し、充電可能電力値であるバッテリ流入電力最大値Pcmax[kW]は、SOC[%]の100[%]から0[%]への減少に応じて0[kW]から線形に絶対値が増加する特性になっている。なお、実際上、数秒程度の短時間であれば、この定格制限値を上回る(-Pdmaxより放電電力を大きく、Pcmaxよりも充電電力を大きく)使用も可能な場合がある。
 図4に示すように、蓄電量SOC[%]がSOC=SOC1[%]で、バッテリ24の動作点210でのバッテリ電力Pbat[kW]が、Pbat=-β[kW]であるときに、スリップ取得装置34(図1)によって左後輪LWr又は右後輪RWrのいずれか一方に閾値スリップ量を上回る超過スリップが発生したことを検出した場合等に備え、ECU26は、第1及び第2電動機22A、22Bに指令するためのトルクダウン量TD[kW]の制約条件を予め計算しておく。
 ここでトルクダウン量TD[kW]は、第1及び第2電動機22A、22Bの左右合計電力Pmot[kW]=Y(変化前、図3参照)が、左右合計電力Pmot[kW]=Y´(変化後)に減少する際の差である次の(1)式で表される。
 Y-Y´=TD、Y´=Y-TD             …(1)
 一方、バッテリ動作点210からの許容電力変化幅α[kW]は、図4に示すように、次の(2)式で表される。
 α=Z-(-β)                    …(2)
 許容電力変化幅αが、次の(3)式に示すように、正の範囲であれば、バッテリ流入電力Pcがバッテリ流入電力最大値Pcmaxを上回ることはない(|Pc|≦|Pcmax|)。
 α≧0                         …(3)
 すなわち、バッテリ流入電力Pcが制限を超過しないようにするには、次の(4)式を満足する必要がある。
 Z+β≧0                       …(4)
 また、図3に示すように、(2)式におけるバッテリ24の流出電力-β[kW]は、発電電力Xから第1及び第2電動機22A、22Bの左右合計電力Yと、補機負荷電力(電動補機の消費電力)Lを差し引いた次の(5)式で示す値になることが分かる。
 -β=X-(Y+L)                  …(5)
 (4)式のβに(5)式を代入して変形すると(6)式が得られる。
 Z≧X-(Y+L)                   …(6)
 左右合計電力Yが左右合計電力Y´に変化しても、この(6)式は満足する必要があるので、YにY´を代入して変形すると、次の(7)式が得られる。
 Z-X+Y´+L≧0                  …(7)
 (7)式をY´について解いて次の(8)式を得る。
 Y´≧-Z+X-L                   …(8)
 トルクダウン量TDの制約条件を計算するために、(1)式の右側の式(Y´=Y-TD)を(8)式に代入した次の(9)式が得られる。(9)式をトルクダウン量TDについて解くと次の(10)式が得られる。
 Y-TD≧-Z+X-L                 …(9)
 TD≦-X+Y+Z+L                 …(10)
 そして、この実施形態では、ECU26は、いずれかの後輪Wrに超過スリップが発生したときに、トルクダウン量TDを等分した(半分にした)値TD/2{(TD/2)=(-X+Y+Z+L)/2}の幅の変化範囲内で、第1電動機22A及び第2電動機22Bの動力を別個独立に制御する。
 このとき、仮に第1電動機22A及び第2電動機22Bの両方を変化幅の最大値であるTD/2ずつ変化させても、その合計の変化幅は当然トルクダウン量TDを超えないことから、変化後の左右合計電力Y´も所定以内に収まり、蓄電量SOC1でのバッテリ24の正方向の定格制限値である許容入力電力Zを上回ることがなくなる。
 バッテリ24の動作点が図4中、正側(図4では下側)にあって、バッテリ24の負方向の、すなわち電力流出方向の(図4では上方向の)定格制限値である許容出力電力のバッテリ流出電力最大値-Pdmaxへの制限等についても同様に考えることができる。
[変形例]
 図5は、この発明の変形例に係る車両10Aの概略構成を示すブロック図である。図5に示す車両10Aでは、上記実施形態に係る車両10の前輪駆動装置16及び後輪駆動装置20の構成が前後逆になっている。すなわち、車両10Aの前輪駆動装置16aは、車両10Aの前側に配置された左右の前輪Wf(LWf、LWr)を駆動する第1及び第2電動機22A、22Bを備える。また、車両10Aの後輪駆動装置20aは、車両10Aの後ろ側に配置され後輪Wrを駆動する内燃機関12に変速機18を介して直列に接続される電動機14を備える。この車両10Aの第1及び第2電動機22A、22Bに対する上述した[モータトラクション制御]は、同様に適用することができる。
[実施形態のまとめ、及び他の変形例]
 (1)以上説明したように、上述した実施形態に係る車両10、10Aは、前輪Wf及び後輪Wrの少なくとも一方が駆動される車両10、10Aにおいて、左車輪(図1例では左後輪LWr、図5例では左前輪LWf)に機械的に接続される左電動機である第1電動機22Aと、右車輪(図1例では後輪Rwr、図5例では前輪RWf)に機械的に接続される右電動機である第2電動機22Bと、内燃機関12に機械的に接続される発電機として機能する電動機14と、前記第1電動機22A、前記第2電動機22B、及び前記電動機14(発電機)に電気的に接続される蓄電器としてのバッテリ24と、前記第1及び第2電動機22A、22Bが発生する動力を制御する電動機制御装置としてのECU26と、を備える。
 ECU26は、第1及び第2電動機22A、22Bにより駆動される左右車輪のいずれか一方の車輪に超過スリップを検出したとき、バッテリ24の許容入出力電力(上記実施形態では、許容入力電力Z)、電動機14(発電機)の発電電力X、及び第1及び第2電動機22A、22Bが合計で消費又は発生する電力(前記実施形態では消費電力)である左右合計電力(Rr-MOT出力電力)Yに基づいて、この左右合計電力Yの許容変化幅(許容電力変化幅α)であるトルクダウン量TD[kW]を求め、トルクダウン量TDを等分した値TD/2に基づいて第1及び第2電動機22A、22Bの動力をそれぞれ制御するようにしている。
 実際上、ECU26は、インバータ23A、23B(駆動力低下器、駆動力調整器、トルク低下器、トルク調整器)を構成するスイッチング素子のデューティを減少させることでトルクをダウンさせる。
 このように、この実施形態では、第1及び第2電動機22A、22Bの2つの電動機を一旦一体的に扱って、左右合計電力Yに基づき、第1及び第2電動機22A、22Bの合計の許容電力変化幅αであるトルクダウン量TDを求め、求めたトルクダウン量TDを単純に等分した値を制約として、第1及び第2電動機22A、22Bのそれぞれの動力を制御(制限)することになるので、バッテリ24の許容入出力電力(上記実施形態では、許容入力電力Z)を確実に守ることができ、且つ、第1及び第2電動機22A、22Bの制御の複雑化を防止することができる。
 (2)この場合、具体的に前記許容入出力電力は、許容入力電力Zであり、前記許容電力変化幅αは、許容電力減少幅であるトルクダウン量TDであって、さらに、バッテリ24の蓄電量SOCを制御する蓄電量制御装置としても機能するECU26を備え、ECU26は、蓄電量SOCの目標値を蓄電量SOC1より低い値に引き下げるようにしてもよい。
 図4に示すように、バッテリ24の蓄電量SOCが低い方が、許容入力電力Zが大きくなるので、バッテリ24の蓄電量SOCの目標値を引き下げることで、許容電力減少幅、すなわち第1及び第2電動機22A、22Bのトルクダウン量TDをより大きく確保することができる。
 (3)さらに具体的に、ECU26は、前記許容電力減少幅であるトルクダウン量TDの制約条件を求める際に、電動機14(発電機)の発電電力X、第1及び第2電動機22A、22Bで消費する左右合計電力Y、許容入力電力Z、及びバッテリ24の電力を消費する補機負荷209の電力L(電動補機の消費電力)であるとき、再掲する次の(10)式
 TD≦-X+Y+Z+L                 …(10)
 により許容電力減少幅であるトルクダウン量TDの制約条件を求める。
 このように許容電力減少幅(トルクダウン量TD)[kW]を、「許容電力減少幅[kW]≦-(発電機の発電電力)[kW]+左右電動機の合計消費電力である左右合計電力[kW]+蓄電器への許容入力電力[kW]+補機負荷の電力[kW]」の制約条件下に収まるように制御すればよいので制御が簡単になる。
 (4)なお、図6に示すように、バッテリ24のさらなる温度低下時には、バッテリ24の蓄電量SOC[%]に対するバッテリ流出電力最大値-Pdmax[kW]及びバッテリ流入電力最大値Pcmax[kW]は、それぞれ破線で示す絶対値がより小さなバッテリ流出電力最大値-Pdmax´[kW]及びバッテリ流入電力最大値Pcmax´[kW]になり、(9)式の右辺中、バッテリ24のバッテリ電力Pbat[kW]がPbat=0値からの許容入力電力Zが許容入力電力Z´と小さくなりトルクダウン量TDの制約条件がより厳しく小さな値となる。
 そこで、トラクション制御性能の低下を抑制するために、バッテリ温度検出器25により検出したバッテリ温度Tbatに応じて予め記憶している特性(一例としては、図6に示したバッテリ流出電力最大値-Pdmax´[kW]及びバッテリ流入電力最大値Pcmax´[kW])を参照して、蓄電量SOC[%]の目標値を蓄電量SOC1から、例えば、その低温時に許容入力電力Z´が許容入力電力Zに戻るような、より小さな値の蓄電量SOC2となる目標残容量値に低下させることが好ましい。
 このように制御すれば、バッテリ24の温度(バッテリ温度Tbat)のさらなる低下時に、バッテリ24のトルクダウン量TDの制約に係わる許容入力電力Zの低下量を少なくすることができる。
 なお、図7の特性212に示すように、バッテリ温度Tbatの低下時のトラクション制御下におけるトルクダウン量TDを低減するために、第1及び第2電動機22A、22Bで消費する左右合計電力(Rr-MOT出力電力)Yの制限値(最大値)である左右合計制限電力Ylmtをバッテリ温度Tbatの低下に対応して低下させるようにすることで、バッテリ24のバッテリ温度Tbatの低下時においても、バッテリ24を確実に保護することができる。
 ここで、左右合計電力(Rr-MOT出力電力)Yは、図7の特性212の左右合計制限電力Ylmtを超えない範囲の値を採る。この場合、スリップ発生後のトルクダウン量TDは、スリップ発生時のトルク量、すなわち左右合計電力(Rr-MOT出力電力)Yに比例することを考慮すれば、換言すれば、左右合計電力(Rr-MOT出力電力)Yが大きいほどスリップ量が大きくなることを考慮すれば、スリップ時に大きなトルクダウン量TDが必要になる。そこで、スリップ発生前に予め左右合計電力(Rr-MOT出力電力)Yが採りうる最大値である左右合計制限電力Ylmtを低下させておくことで、スリップ発生後のトルクダウン量TDを小さくすることが可能である。
 図7の特性212を参照した場合の第1及び第2電動機22A、22Bの低温下でのトラクション制御時においては、第1及び第2電動機22A、22Bがどのようなトルクダウンをしてもバッテリ24にダメージを与えないように、第1及び第2電動機22A、22Bが現在発生している動力であるトルク自体を左右合計制限電力Ylmtに絞ることでより確実にバッテリ24を保護することができるし、スリップ時のトラクション制御量であるトルクダウン量TDが不足することもない。
 なお、図7の特性212において、横軸は、バッテリ温度Tbatとしているが、バッテリ温度Tbatに代替してバッテリ温度Tbatに正相関のあるバッテリ24の許容入出力電力としてもよい。この場合には、スリップが発生する前に、バッテリ24の許容入出力電力が小さくなったときには、第1及び第2電動機22A、22Bで消費する左右合計電力(Rr-MOT出力電力)Yの制限値(最大値)である左右合計制限電力Ylmtを予め小さくするように制御してもよい。
 図7の特性212を利用した左右合計制限電力決定処理(以下の図8のフローチャート中のステップS3の処理)を採用すれば、第1及び第2電動機22A、22Bが発生する動力であるトルクの減少(トルクダウン)と協調して発電機として機能している電動機14の発電量を減少することによってもバッテリ24を保護することは可能であるが、そのような複雑な協調制御が不要になる。
 上記した実施形態及び他の変形例を図8のフローチャートを参照してまとめて説明すると、ステップS1にて、ECU26は、トラクション制御を行うトラクションモードに設定されているか否かを図示しないオンオフスイッチの出力等により検出し、トラクションモード(トラクション制御下)であると判定した(ステップS1:YES)とき、ECU26は、ステップS2~ステップS6のトルクダウン量制御を実行する。
 すなわち、ステップS2にて、バッテリ温度Tbatを検出する。次いで、ステップS3にて、図7の特性212を参照しバッテリ温度Tbatに対応した左右合計電力Y[kW]の制限値(最大値)である左右合計制限電力Ylmtを決定する。
 さらに、ステップS4にて、図6を参照して説明したように、バッテリ温度Tbatに対応して目標SOCを算出する。
 そして、ステップS5にて、前記(10)式にて、左右合計電力Yに基づき、第1及び第2電動機22A、22Bの合計の許容電力変化幅αであるトルクダウン量TDの制約条件を予め算出する。
 最後にステップS6にて、いずれかの後輪Wrに超過スリップが発生したことをスリップ取得装置34を通じて取得したときに、ECU26は、予め算出したトルクダウン量TDを等分した(半分にした)値TD/2{(TD/2)=(-X+Y+Z+L)/2}の幅の変化範囲内で、第1電動機22A及び第2電動機22Bの左右合計電力Yを別個独立に制御する。
 なお、この発明は、上述した実施形態のように、後輪Wr(又は前輪Wf)を第1及び第2電動機22A、22Bで駆動しながら、内燃機関12により変速機18を通じて電動機14を発電機として動作させ、同時に内燃機関12により変速機18を通じて前輪Wf(又は後輪Wr)を駆動可能な車両10、10A(全輪駆動車両)に限ることがない。
 例えば、この明細書の記載内容に基づき、後輪Wr(又は前輪Wf)を第1及び第2電動機22A、22Bで駆動すると共に、内燃機関12により発電機を発電させて(内燃機関12により変速機18を通じて前輪Wf及び後輪Wrを駆動しないで)後輪駆動走行(もしくは前輪駆動走行)する、又は全輪駆動走行する、いわゆる(純粋な)シリーズハイブリッド車両あるいはレンジエクステンダ車両に適用する等、種々の構成を採り得ることはもちろんである。

Claims (6)

  1.  前輪(Wf)及び後輪(Wr)の少なくとも一方が駆動される車両(10、10A)において、
     左車輪(LWr、LWf)に機械的に接続される左電動機(22A)と、
     右車輪(RWr、RWf)に機械的に接続される右電動機(22B)と、
     内燃機関(12)に機械的に接続される発電機(14)と、
     前記左電動機(22A)、前記右電動機(22B)、及び前記発電機(14)に電気的に接続される蓄電器(24)と、
     前記左電動機(22A)及び前記右電動機(22B)が発生する動力を制御する電動機制御装置(26)と、
     を備え、
     前記電動機制御装置(26)は、
     前記蓄電器(24)の許容入出力電力、前記発電機(14)の発電電力、及び前記左電動機(22A)及び前記右電動機(22B)が合計で消費又は発生する電力である左右合計電力に基づいて、前記左右合計電力の許容変化幅である許容電力変化幅を求め、前記許容電力変化幅を等分した値に基づいて 前記左電動機(22A)及び前記右電動機(22B)の動力を別個独立に制御する
     ことを特徴とする車両(10、10A)。
  2.  請求項1に記載の車両(10、10A)において、
     前記許容入出力電力は、許容入力電力であり、前記許容電力変化幅は、許容電力減少幅であって、
     さらに、前記蓄電器(24)の蓄電量を制御する蓄電量制御装置(26)を備え、
     前記蓄電量制御装置(26)は、
     前記許容入力電力が小さくなるのに応じて前記蓄電量の目標値を引き下げる
     ことを特徴とする車両(10、10A)。
  3.  請求項2に記載の車両(10、10A)において、
     前記電動機制御装置(26)は、
     前記許容電力減少幅をTD、前記発電機(14)の発電電力をX、前記左右合計電力をY、前記許容入力電力をZ、及び前記蓄電器(24)の電力を消費する電動補機(209)の消費電力をLとしたとき、次の式
     TD≦-X+Y+Z+L
     により前記許容電力減少幅TDを求める
     ことを特徴とする車両(10、10A)。
  4.  請求項2又は3に記載の車両(10、10A)において、
     前記蓄電量制御装置(26)は、
     前記蓄電器(24)の温度の低下時に、前記蓄電量の前記目標値を引き下げる
     ことを特徴とする車両(10、10A)。
  5.  請求項2又は3に記載の車両(10、10A)において、
     前記電動機制御装置(26)は、
     前記蓄電器(24)の温度の低下時に、前記左右合計電力の制限値を低下させる
     ことを特徴とする車両(10、10A)。
  6.  車輪(Wf、Wr)に機械的に接続される電動機(22A、22B)と、
     内燃機関(12)に機械的に接続される発電機(14)と、
     前記電動機(22A、22B)及び前記発電機(14)に電気的に接続される蓄電器(24)と、
     前記電動機(22A、22B)の発生する動力を制御する動力制御装置(26)と、
     前記車輪(Wf、Wr)に所定以上のスリップである超過スリップが発生したときに、前記電動機(22A、22B)が発生する動力を、符号が反転しない範囲で調整する動力調整装置(26)と、を備える車両(10、10A)において、
     前記動力制御装置(26)は、前記蓄電器(24)の温度又は前記蓄電器(24)の許容入出力電力に基づいて前記電動機(22A、22B)が発生する動力を制限し、
     前記動力調整装置(26)は、制限を持たずに、前記符号が反転しない範囲で、前記電動機(22A、22B)が発生する動力を調整する
     ことを特徴とする車両(10、10A)。
PCT/JP2014/083232 2013-12-17 2014-12-16 車両 WO2015093464A1 (ja)

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