WO2015092910A1 - 超電導磁石、mriおよびnmr - Google Patents
超電導磁石、mriおよびnmr Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015092910A1 WO2015092910A1 PCT/JP2013/084184 JP2013084184W WO2015092910A1 WO 2015092910 A1 WO2015092910 A1 WO 2015092910A1 JP 2013084184 W JP2013084184 W JP 2013084184W WO 2015092910 A1 WO2015092910 A1 WO 2015092910A1
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- superconducting
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- permanent current
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- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002887 superconductor Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 3
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002500 effect on skin Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021521 yttrium barium copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N60/00—Superconducting devices
- H10N60/80—Constructional details
- H10N60/84—Switching means for devices switchable between superconducting and normal states
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/28—Details of apparatus provided for in groups G01R33/44 - G01R33/64
- G01R33/38—Systems for generation, homogenisation or stabilisation of the main or gradient magnetic field
- G01R33/381—Systems for generation, homogenisation or stabilisation of the main or gradient magnetic field using electromagnets
- G01R33/3815—Systems for generation, homogenisation or stabilisation of the main or gradient magnetic field using electromagnets with superconducting coils, e.g. power supply therefor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F6/00—Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
- H01F6/006—Supplying energising or de-energising current; Flux pumps
- H01F6/008—Electric circuit arrangements for energising superconductive electromagnets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
- H02H1/0007—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning the detecting means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/001—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for superconducting apparatus, e.g. coils, lines, machines
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N60/00—Superconducting devices
- H10N60/30—Devices switchable between superconducting and normal states
- H10N60/35—Cryotrons
- H10N60/355—Power cryotrons
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N60/00—Superconducting devices
- H10N60/80—Constructional details
Definitions
- a superconducting closed circuit is formed by the superconducting coil and the permanent current switch, and a substantially non-damaging current is passed through the closed circuit to obtain a desired magnetic field.
- a superconductor In a permanent current switch, a superconductor is used as a current path, and switching as a switch is generally performed by warming the superconductor with a heater.
- the superconductor turns to zero resistance (ON state) by being cooled below its critical temperature, but becomes a normal conductor when heated above the critical temperature and generates resistance (OFF state).
- the permanent current switch When exciting the superconducting magnet, the permanent current switch is turned off, and most of the current supplied from the exciting power supply is supplied to the superconducting magnet. In order to accelerate the switching of the permanent current switch or to suppress the evaporation of the refrigerant between them, it is preferable that the temperature difference between the temperature of the permanent current switch in the ON state and the critical temperature be as small as possible. On the other hand, if the temperature setting of the permanent current switch in the ON state is close to the critical temperature of the superconductor, when an external disturbance is applied to the permanent current switch, the temperature of the superconductor approaches the critical temperature and it becomes easy to quench. The stability of the permanent current switch is reduced.
- the temperature in the ON state is the liquid helium temperature (about 4 K) and the temperature in the OFF state is the critical temperature It is near (about 9 K).
- the superconductor of the permanent current switch is raised about 5 K by heating by the heater.
- the critical temperature of superconductors has risen due to the recent development of high temperature superconductors.
- a permanent current switch using a high temperature superconductor whose critical temperature is 90 K is used in liquid helium, it is necessary to raise the temperature of the permanent current switch from 4 K to 90 K.
- a permanent current switch using a low temperature superconductor such a permanent current switch using a high temperature superconductor has a large temperature difference to be raised, and the specific heat of the switch constituent material is larger by one digit or more. A heating method is required.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a permanent current switch using a high temperature superconducting film, and YBCO or the like is mentioned as a high temperature superconductor.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a permanent current switch with high heating efficiency by simplifying the configuration of the permanent current switch and reducing the heat capacity.
- a superconducting magnet includes a superconducting coil, a permanent current switch, an AC power supply, a pulse power supply or a charge / discharge circuit, and a loop including the superconducting coil and the permanent current switch
- the AC power supply, the pulse power supply, or the charge / discharge circuit is connected to the circuit in parallel with the permanent current switch.
- Example 1 Schematic structure of the superconducting magnet in Example 1 Schematic cross-sectional view of the superconducting magnetic wire in Example 1 Schematic Configuration of MRI in Example 1 Schematic structure of the superconducting magnet in Example 2 Schematic structure of the superconducting magnet in Example 3 Schematic structure of the superconducting magnet in Example 4
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of a superconducting magnet 100 common to each embodiment.
- the superconducting coil 2, the permanent current switch 3, the quench detector 4, and the protection circuit 5 are connected in parallel.
- the superconducting coil 2 is a coil produced by winding a superconducting wire, is stored in a freezing container, and is cooled to a critical temperature or less of the superconducting wire using a refrigerant or a refrigerator.
- the permanent current switch 3 is also composed of a superconducting wire, but is configured, for example, in the form of non-inductive winding so that the inductance component is reduced, and the inductance component is suppressed to only the internal inductance.
- the permanent current switch 3 is cooled to a temperature below the critical temperature in the ON state, and is heated to a temperature above the critical temperature in the OFF state to generate resistance.
- the quench detector 4 is a device that detects a quench signal when a part of the superconducting coil becomes normally conductive. After the quench signal is detected, a control signal is sent to a power supply, a protection circuit 5 and the like (not shown) to start the protection operation of the superconducting coil 2.
- the protection circuit 5 is selected from a protection resistor for attenuating the current, a quench back circuit having a heater thermally connected to the superconducting coil 2 or the like.
- the conventional permanent current switch in order to heat the superconducting wire in the switch, a heater wire is built in, and heat is generated by energizing the heater wire to heat the superconducting wire.
- the AC power supply 1 is connected to the permanent current switch 3, and the superconducting wire 6 of the permanent current switch 3 is directly energized to perform heating.
- the permanent current switch 3 of the present invention is advantageous in that the heater wire is unnecessary and the structure is simplified.
- quench detector 4 and the protection circuit 5 are described as separate members here, the quench detector 4 may be provided in the protection circuit 5.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the superconducting wire 6 constituting the permanent current switch 3.
- the superconducting wire 6 is composed of a superconducting filament 7, a normal conducting portion 8 and a sheath 20.
- the inner circumferential portion of the superconducting wire 6 is constituted by the normal conducting portion 8, and the outer circumferential portion covering the normal conducting portion 8 is constituted by the sheath 20.
- the superconducting filament 7 is disposed so as to be surrounded by the normal conducting portion 8 at the inner peripheral portion, and is not disposed in the sheath 20.
- alternating current flows intensively to the outer periphery of the wire by the skin effect.
- the frequency of the alternating current may be selected according to the portion to be energized.
- the relationship of t / 2 ⁇ d may be satisfied, where t is a thickness of the sheath 20.
- FIG. 2 shows only the case of a round wire whose cross-sectional shape is a circle, the present invention can be similarly applied to a square wire or a tape wire.
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic configuration of an MRI 200 using the present invention.
- the permanent current switch 3 is stored in the freezing container 9 together with the superconducting coil 2 and is cooled by a refrigerant or a refrigerator.
- the permanent current flowing in the permanent current switch 3 and the superconducting coil 2 generates a static magnetic field with high time stability at the position of the measurement target 10.
- the gradient magnetic field coil 11 is supplied with a time-varying current from the gradient magnetic field amplifier 12 as necessary, and generates a static magnetic field having a spatial distribution at the position of the measurement object 10.
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic configuration of a superconducting magnet 100 in the case of using a series circuit of a protective circuit resistance component 15 and a protective circuit inductance component 16 as an example of the protective circuit 5 described in the first embodiment. Since the inductance of the permanent current switch 3 is not zero, when there is no protection circuit inductance component 16, alternating current supplied from the AC power supply 1 mainly flows in the protection circuit 5. Therefore, by making the protection circuit inductance component 16 larger than the inductance component of the permanent current switch 3, it becomes possible to increase the alternating current flowing through the permanent current switch 3 and to improve the heating efficiency.
- the protective circuit inductance component 16 is increased, the time constant for diverting the direct current flowing in the superconducting loop consisting of the superconducting coil 2 and the permanent current switch 3 to the protective circuit 5 becomes longer, so an appropriate size can be obtained. You need to design.
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic configuration of a superconducting magnet 100 when a pulse power supply 17 is used instead of the AC power supply 1 described in the first embodiment.
- a rectangular wave current is supplied using a pulse power supply 17, assuming that the fundamental frequency in the Fourier series expansion of the rectangular wave is f ', it is assumed that the rectangular wave satisfies t / 2 ⁇ ((' / ⁇ f' ⁇ ) It is possible to concentrate the conduction range on the sheath 20.
- FIG. 6 shows a schematic configuration of a superconducting magnet 100 in the case where a charge and discharge circuit 18 is used instead of the AC power supply 1 described in the first embodiment.
- the fundamental frequency in the Fourier series expansion of the current waveform is f ′, t / 2 ⁇ t ( ⁇ / ⁇ f′ ⁇ If the current waveform satisfies (1), it is possible to concentrate the conduction range on the sheath 20.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Containers, Films, And Cooling For Superconductive Devices (AREA)
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (10)
- 超電導コイルと、永久電流スイッチと、交流電源を有する超電導磁石であって、
前記超電導コイルと前記永久電流スイッチとからなるループ回路に対し、前記永久電流スイッチと並列となるよう、前記交流電源が接続されていることを特徴とする超電導磁石。 - 請求項1に記載の超電導磁石において、
前記永久電流スイッチは超電導線で構成され、
超電導線の内周部に常伝導部及び超電導フィラメントを配置し、超電導線の外周部にシースを配置することを特徴とする超電導磁石。 - 請求項2に記載の超電導磁石において、
前記交流電源の周波数f、前記シースの厚さt、前記シースの材料の抵抗率ρ、前記シースの透磁率μに対し、
t/2 < √(ρ/πfμ)
が成り立つことを特徴とする超電導磁石。 - 請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の超電導磁石において、
前記超電導コイルと前記永久電流スイッチとからなるループ回路に対し、保護回路を並列に接続した超電導磁石。 - 請求項4に記載の超電導磁石において,
前記保護回路が有するインダクタンスが、永久電流スイッチが有するインダクタンスよりも大きいことを特徴とする超電導磁石。 - 請求項1乃至5のいずれかに記載の超電導磁石において、
前記超電導コイルと前記永久電流スイッチとからなるループ回路に対し、クエンチ検出器を並列に接続した超電導磁石。 - 超電導コイルと、永久電流スイッチと、パルス電源または充放電回路を有する超電導磁石であって、
超電導コイルと永久電流スイッチとからなるループ回路に対し、永久電流スイッチと並列となるよう、パルス電源または充放電回路が接続されていることを特徴とする超電導磁石。 - 請求項7に記載の超電導磁石において、
前記永久電流スイッチは超電導線で構成され、
超電導線の内周部に常伝導部及び超電導フィラメントを配置し、超電導線の外周部にシースを配置することを特徴とする超電導磁石。 - 請求項8に記載の超電導磁石において、
前記パルス電源または充放電回路により通電する電流波形をフーリエ級数展開した際の基本周波数f’、前記シースの厚さt、前記シースの材料の抵抗率ρ、前記シースの透磁率μに対し、
t/2 < √(ρ/πf’μ)
が成り立つことを特徴とする超電導磁石。 - 請求項1乃至9のいずれかに記載の超電導磁石を用いたことを特徴とするMRIまたはNMR。
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201380081396.0A CN105794006B (zh) | 2013-12-20 | 2013-12-20 | 超导磁铁、mri以及nmr |
US15/100,702 US10121955B2 (en) | 2013-12-20 | 2013-12-20 | Superconducting magnet, MRI, and NMR |
PCT/JP2013/084184 WO2015092910A1 (ja) | 2013-12-20 | 2013-12-20 | 超電導磁石、mriおよびnmr |
EP13899826.5A EP3086380B1 (en) | 2013-12-20 | 2013-12-20 | Superconducting magnet, mri and nmr |
JP2015553295A JP6120993B2 (ja) | 2013-12-20 | 2013-12-20 | 超電導磁石、mriおよびnmr |
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PCT/JP2013/084184 WO2015092910A1 (ja) | 2013-12-20 | 2013-12-20 | 超電導磁石、mriおよびnmr |
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US (1) | US10121955B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP3086380B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6120993B2 (ja) |
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Cited By (1)
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WO2021171872A1 (ja) * | 2020-02-27 | 2021-09-02 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 超電導マグネット、超電導線材および超電導マグネットの生産方法 |
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US10056178B2 (en) * | 2014-01-27 | 2018-08-21 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Superconducting magnet device |
GB2557357B (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2022-09-07 | Trw Ltd | Processing a signal representitive of at least one physical property of a physical system |
KR102378965B1 (ko) | 2016-12-21 | 2022-03-25 | 토카막 에너지 리미티드 | 초전도자석에서의 퀀칭 보호 |
EP3483902A1 (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2019-05-15 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Superconducting magnet assembly |
CN109342504B (zh) * | 2018-11-20 | 2022-09-20 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | 一种测量超导带材的失超恢复特性的装置和方法 |
CN111435619B (zh) * | 2019-01-15 | 2021-11-12 | 中国航天科工飞航技术研究院(中国航天海鹰机电技术研究院) | 用于超高速磁悬浮列车的超导磁体 |
CN113839435B (zh) * | 2020-10-26 | 2022-09-06 | 上海交通大学 | 脉冲式超导磁体充电补磁电路 |
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- 2013-12-20 JP JP2015553295A patent/JP6120993B2/ja active Active
- 2013-12-20 EP EP13899826.5A patent/EP3086380B1/en active Active
- 2013-12-20 CN CN201380081396.0A patent/CN105794006B/zh active Active
- 2013-12-20 WO PCT/JP2013/084184 patent/WO2015092910A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2013-12-20 US US15/100,702 patent/US10121955B2/en active Active
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JP2021136341A (ja) * | 2020-02-27 | 2021-09-13 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 超電導マグネット、超電導線材および超電導マグネットの生産方法 |
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US10121955B2 (en) | 2018-11-06 |
JP6120993B2 (ja) | 2017-04-26 |
JPWO2015092910A1 (ja) | 2017-03-16 |
EP3086380B1 (en) | 2018-07-11 |
CN105794006B (zh) | 2018-06-12 |
CN105794006A (zh) | 2016-07-20 |
EP3086380A4 (en) | 2017-08-23 |
EP3086380A1 (en) | 2016-10-26 |
US20160308110A1 (en) | 2016-10-20 |
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