WO2015085503A1 - 一种采用固体多相催化剂的用于烯烃氢甲酰化反应的方法 - Google Patents

一种采用固体多相催化剂的用于烯烃氢甲酰化反应的方法 Download PDF

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WO2015085503A1
WO2015085503A1 PCT/CN2013/089048 CN2013089048W WO2015085503A1 WO 2015085503 A1 WO2015085503 A1 WO 2015085503A1 CN 2013089048 W CN2013089048 W CN 2013089048W WO 2015085503 A1 WO2015085503 A1 WO 2015085503A1
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olefin
reaction
heterogeneous catalyst
reactor
solid heterogeneous
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丁云杰
严丽
姜淼
林荣和
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Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics of CAS
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C45/00Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
    • C07C45/49Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reaction with carbon monoxide
    • C07C45/50Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reaction with carbon monoxide by oxo-reactions
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/16Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
    • B01J31/165Polymer immobilised coordination complexes, e.g. organometallic complexes
    • B01J31/1658Polymer immobilised coordination complexes, e.g. organometallic complexes immobilised by covalent linkages, i.e. pendant complexes with optional linking groups, e.g. on Wang or Merrifield resins
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/16Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
    • B01J31/24Phosphines, i.e. phosphorus bonded to only carbon atoms, or to both carbon and hydrogen atoms, including e.g. sp2-hybridised phosphorus compounds such as phosphabenzene, phosphole or anionic phospholide ligands
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/16Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
    • B01J31/24Phosphines, i.e. phosphorus bonded to only carbon atoms, or to both carbon and hydrogen atoms, including e.g. sp2-hybridised phosphorus compounds such as phosphabenzene, phosphole or anionic phospholide ligands
    • B01J31/2404Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, the phosphine-P atom being a ring member or a substituent on the ring
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2231/00Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
    • B01J2231/30Addition reactions at carbon centres, i.e. to either C-C or C-X multiple bonds
    • B01J2231/32Addition reactions to C=C or C-C triple bonds
    • B01J2231/321Hydroformylation, metalformylation, carbonylation or hydroaminomethylation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2531/00Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
    • B01J2531/80Complexes comprising metals of Group VIII as the central metal
    • B01J2531/82Metals of the platinum group
    • B01J2531/822Rhodium
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2531/00Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
    • B01J2531/80Complexes comprising metals of Group VIII as the central metal
    • B01J2531/82Metals of the platinum group
    • B01J2531/827Iridium
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2531/00Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
    • B01J2531/80Complexes comprising metals of Group VIII as the central metal
    • B01J2531/84Metals of the iron group
    • B01J2531/845Cobalt
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2540/00Compositional aspects of coordination complexes or ligands in catalyst systems
    • B01J2540/40Non-coordinating groups comprising nitrogen

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for catalyzing the hydroformylation of olefins by using a novel solid heterogeneous catalyst, and belongs to the field of heterogeneous catalytic reaction processes. Background technique
  • the hydroformylation reaction is a reaction in which an olefin is reacted with a synthesis gas (CO + H 2 ) to produce an aldehyde having one carbon higher than the starting olefin.
  • Hydroformylation technology is widely used in the chemical industry and is one of the most important technologies, mainly because its product aldehyde is a useful chemical intermediate for the synthesis of carboxylic acids and their corresponding esters, and
  • the most important use of fatty amines, etc. is that it can be hydro-converted into alcohols, which are widely used in the field of fine chemicals as organic solvents, plasticizers and surfactants.
  • CN 102617308 A discloses a two-phase hydroformylation process for olefins, which employs a complex catalyst consisting of polyether sulfonate ionic liquids (PGMILs) having room temperature settable properties, RhCl 3 -3H 2 0 or The ruthenium dicarbonyl acetylacetonate is formed with sodium triphenylphosphine trisulfonate (TPPTS), and the reaction is carried out in a stainless steel autoclave.
  • PGMILs polyether sulfonate ionic liquids
  • TPTS triphenylphosphine trisulfonate
  • the selectivity of the high carbon aldehyde is 85-99%, and the molar ratio of the normal aldehyde to the isomeric aldehyde. The ratio is 2.0 2.4.
  • CN 102649715 A discloses a process for the hydroformylation of an olefin to an aldehyde by using a C 2 -C 8 olefin, CO and hydrogen as a raw material, a Rh-containing liquid solution as a catalyst, a raw material and a Rh-containing liquid solution.
  • the catalyst enters the high efficiency reactor to contact the reaction to form an aldehyde-containing liquid effluent, wherein the high efficiency reactor is selected from the technical solution of a rotating packed bed reactor.
  • 4,148,830 discloses a hydroformylation process using a liquid phase recycle process in which a aldehyde condensation product formed is used as a catalyst solvent and a catalyst is contained after recovery of the aldehyde product from the product stream. The medium is recycled back to the hydroformylation reaction zone.
  • this method has some problems in the separation of the reaction product and the recovery of the catalyst uniformly dissolved in the reaction product.
  • No. 4,252,678 discloses the preparation of a colloidal dispersion comprising a transition metal such as Rh, wherein the transition metal component is functionalized by a colloidal dispersion of 1.0 to 20.0 nm with a hydroxyl terminated (styrene/butadiene:)
  • a catalyst system consisting of the composition and applied to the hydroformylation of 1-octene.
  • the catalyst prepared by this method cannot be applied to fixed bed and trickle bed reactors, and the catalyst and product are difficult to separate.
  • CN 102281948 A reports a polymer supported transition metal catalyst complex and method of use for preparing a soluble polymer supported Rh catalyst having a narrow molecular weight distribution.
  • catalyst preparation, catalytic reactions, and catalyst separation processes are complex.
  • Catalyst preparation requires control of functional monomers and synthetic soluble polymers such as styrene, introduction of ligands, and finally loading of the R catalyst.
  • a compressed gas needs to be added during the catalytic reaction.
  • the catalyst is separated from the reaction mixture by nanofiltration and the reaction results are also unsatisfactory.
  • microcapsule material is a carrier, and a Pd-based catalyst is prepared and used in the Suzuki coupling reaction.
  • the microcapsule material is an interpolymer material and is not a monomeric material. The state of dispersion of the transition metal component in the catalyst is not described.
  • homogeneous catalyst heterogeneous technologies are mainly divided into two categories: on the one hand, homogeneous catalyst immobilization, including inorganic carrier immobilization, polymers. Supporting of the carrier, supporting the liquid phase catalyst and supporting the aqueous phase catalyst; the other side The surface is two-phase catalysis, including liquid/liquid two-phase catalysis, fluorine two-phase system, temperature-controlled phase separation catalysis, supercritical fluid two-phase, ionic liquid two-phase and supercritical fluid-ionic liquid system.
  • the present invention provides a process for the hydroformylation of an olefin, characterized in that the process employs a solid consisting of a metal component and an organic ligand polymer having a multistage pore structure.
  • a phase catalyst wherein the metal component is one or more of metals Rh, Ir or Co, the organic ligand polymer being polymerized with an organic ligand monomer containing P and an olefin group and optionally N a post-formed polymer in which the metal component forms a coordinate bond with a P atom or N in the organic ligand polymer skeleton and exists in a state of monoatomic dispersion
  • the method comprises subjecting the olefin feedstock to a CO/H 2 mixture in the presence of the solid heterogeneous catalyst to carry out the olefin hydroformylation reaction in a reactor.
  • the olefin raw material is a mixture of one or more of C 2 -C 18 olefins, and the molar ratio of the olefin raw material to the CO/H 2 mixed gas is 0.1:1 ⁇ 1 :1.
  • the olefin feedstock when the olefin feedstock is a c 2 -c 3 gaseous olefin, it is fed directly as a gas at a volumetric space velocity of from 100 to 20,000 h - when the olefin feedstock is C 4 ⁇ C 18
  • the reactor is a fixed bed, a trickle bed or a tank reactor.
  • the olefin hydroformylation reaction is carried out in a batch or continuous manner.
  • reaction temperature of the olefin hydroformylation reaction is 323-573K, reaction pressure 0.05 ⁇ 20.0MPa.
  • the organic ligand polymer having a multistage pore structure has a specific surface area of 200 to 2000 m 2 /g, a pore volume of 0.5 to 5.0 cm 3 /g, and a pore size distribution of 0.5 to 100.0 nm.
  • the olefin hydroformylation reaction when the reactor is a fixed bed or a trickle bed, the olefin hydroformylation reaction is continuously carried out on the solid heterogeneous catalyst, and the resulting liquid product continuously flows out of the reaction. And collecting through a product collection tank at a temperature of 255-298 K; when the reactor is a tank reactor, the olefin hydroformylation reaction is carried out intermittently, and the resulting liquid product is filtered and the solid is more The phase catalyst is obtained by separation, and the obtained liquid product is subjected to flash or rectification to obtain a high purity aldehyde product.
  • the metal component comprises from 0.01 to 5.0% of the total weight of the solid heterogeneous catalyst.
  • the organic ligand polymer is a polymer formed by polymerizing an organophosphine ligand monomer containing P and a vinyl group and optionally N.
  • the beneficial effects produced by the present invention include, but are not limited to:
  • the invention adopts a novel solid heterogeneous catalyst, and the reaction process and the device are simple, and the reaction can be carried out in a common fixed bed, trickle bed or autoclave reactor;
  • the catalyst separation is simple, the fixed bed and the trickle bed do not need to separate the catalyst and the product, the autoclave reactor only needs simple filtration; the catalyst recovery is easy and can be recycled;
  • the reaction substrate has a wide range, suitable for C 2 ⁇ C 18 various olefins;
  • the catalyst preparation method is simple, the catalyst has stable hydroformylation performance and high yield, and solves problems such as loss of metal components, loss of ligands or difficulty in recycling and recycling of catalysts in the prior art, Has broad industrial application prospects.
  • Figure 1 is a reaction scheme diagram of a continuously carried out olefin hydroformylation reaction according to the present invention.
  • the label in the figure shows:
  • Pressure gauge 2 Purification tank 3: Globe valve 4: Pressure regulator valve 5: Globe valve 6: Pressure gauge 7: Purification tank 8: Globe valve 9: Pressure regulator valve 10: Mass flow meter 11: Globe valve 12: Pump 13: Pressure gauge 14: Globe valve: 15: Mass flow meter 16: Pressure gauge 17: Check valve 18: Mixer 19: Preheater 20: Reactor (: fixed or trickle bed) 21 : Collection tank 22: Discharge valve 23: back pressure valve 24: flow meter embodiment
  • the present invention achieves a highly active heterogeneous hydroformylation reaction using a novel solid heterogeneous catalyst consisting of a metal component and having a multi-stage pore structure (ie having macropores, mesopores and micro-including The organic ligand polymer of the multistage pore structure of the pores.
  • the multi-stage pore structure organic ligand polymer ligand has the dual effects of a carrier and a ligand, ensuring that a metal active component as a homogeneous catalyst can be stably present in the pores of the polymer carrier, thereby forming a solid. Heterogeneous catalyst.
  • the use of such a solid heterogeneous catalyst system can solve the problem of catalyst to product separation and catalyst recycle.
  • the process comprises subjecting the olefin feedstock to a CO/H 2 mixture in the presence of the solid heterogeneous catalyst for the olefin hydroformylation reaction in a reactor such as a fixed bed, trickle bed or autoclave reactor.
  • the present invention provides a process for catalyzing a hydroformylation reaction using a solid heterogeneous catalyst, which may include, but is not limited to, the following characteristic aspects:
  • the solid heterogeneous catalyst employed consists of a metal component and an organic ligand polymer ligand having a multistage pore structure.
  • the metal component is one or more of metals Rh, Ir or Co
  • the organic ligand polymer ligand having a multi-stage pore structure is a group containing P and an olefin group and optionally N
  • the organic ligand polymer having a multistage pore structure is preferably a polymer formed by polymerization of an organophosphine ligand monomer containing P and a vinyl group and optionally N by solvothermal polymerization.
  • the metal component comprises from 0.02 to 5.0% of the total weight of the solid heterogeneous catalyst.
  • the organic ligand polymer having a multi-stage pore structure has a specific surface area of 200 to 2000 m 2 /g, a pore volume of 0.5 to 5.0 cm 3 /g, and a pore size distribution of 0.5 to 100.0 nm.
  • the olefin raw material for the olefin hydroformylation reaction may be a mixed olefin of one or more of C 2 to C 18 olefins, preferably, when the olefin raw material is a C 2 - C 3 gaseous olefin, Directly fed as a gas, and when the olefin feed is a C 4 -C 18 liquid olefin, it is delivered to the reaction system using a high pressure pump.
  • the olefin hydroformylation reaction can be carried out in a fixed bed, a trickle bed or an autoclave reactor. Alternatively, that is, the olefin hydroformylation reaction may be carried out batchwise or continuously.
  • the conditions for the hydroformylation reaction of the olefin may preferably be: a reaction temperature of 323 573 K (i.e., 50 to 300 ° C), more preferably 353 to 573 K; and a reaction pressure of 0.05 to 20.0 MPa, more preferably 0.5 to 10.0 MPa.
  • the molar ratio of the olefinic feedstock to the CO/H 2 mixed gas is from 0.1:1 to 1:1, wherein the volume ratio of CO to 3 ⁇ 4 in the CO/H 2 mixture is usually 1:1.
  • the volume space velocity of the gaseous olefin feedstock is from 100 to 20000 h- 1 , more preferably from 500 to 10000 h" 1 ; when the olefin feedstock is fed in a liquid state, the mass of the liquid olefinic feedstock is empty
  • the speed is 0.01-10 h" 1 , more preferably O. lO h- 1 ; the stirring speed of the slurry bed is 200 ⁇ 1000 r/min.
  • the hydroformylation reaction is continuously carried out on a solid catalyst, and the resulting liquid product continuously flows out of the reactor. And collecting by a product collection tank at a temperature of 255-298 K; and when the olefin hydroformylation reaction is carried out in an autoclave reactor, the hydroformylation reaction is carried out intermittently, and the resulting liquid product and
  • the solid heterogeneous catalyst can be isolated, for example, by simple filtration. Further, preferably, the obtained product may be subjected to further treatment by flash distillation or rectification depending on its boiling point to obtain a high purity aldehyde product.
  • the present invention also provides a flow chart for a novel heterogeneous catalyst catalyzed hydroformylation reaction, as shown in FIG.
  • the syngas from the cylinder shows the total pressure through the pressure gauge 1, flows through the purifier 2 for gas purification, passes through the shut-off valve 3, regulates the pressure through the pressure regulator 4, passes through the shut-off valve 5, and the pressure gauge 16 displays the mass flow meter front pressure,
  • the mass flow meter 17 controls the flow rate of the syngas;
  • the gaseous olefin from the cylinder (such as C 2 -C 3 ;> shows the total pressure through the pressure gauge 6 , flows through the purifier 7 for gas purification, passes through the shut-off valve 8
  • the pressure regulator 9 regulates the pressure
  • the mass flow meter 10 controls the flow rate of the gaseous olefin, passes through the shut-off valve 11;
  • the liquid olefin e.g., C 4 - C 18 ; > is increased to the desired pressure by the high pressure meter
  • the pressure is passed through the shut-off valve 14; the synthesis gas in the mixer 18 is either mixed with the gaseous olefin or with the liquid olefin, preheated by the preheater 19, and then introduced into the solid heterogeneous catalyst reactor 20 for hydroformylation reaction.
  • the reaction pressure is controlled by the back pressure valve 23, the tail gas is metered by the flow meter 24, and the liquid product is intermittently passed through the shut-off valve 22, and the sample is weighed and analyzed.
  • the solid heterogeneous catalyst employed in the present invention is prepared as follows:
  • the initiator is stirred for 0.5 to 100 hours.
  • the organic solvent may be benzene, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, methanol, ethanol or trichloromethane.
  • the free radical initiator may be cyclohexanone peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, t-butyl hydroperoxide or azodiamine. Isobutyronitrile or azobisisoheptanenitrile.
  • the above organic ligand polymer ligand having a multistage pore structure is introduced into an organic solvent (which may be the same as the above organic solvent) containing one or more of a metal component such as a metal of Rh, Ir or Co.
  • a metal component such as a metal of Rh, Ir or Co.
  • an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon. After stirring, it was cooled to room temperature, and the solvent was vacuum-extracted at room temperature to obtain the desired solid heterogeneous catalyst for the olefin hydroformylation reaction.
  • the organic ligand monomers used may include, but are not limited to, one or more:
  • H 2 /CO mixture (containing 50% by volume 3 ⁇ 4, 50% by volume CO): Zhonghao Guangming Chemical Research and Design Institute Co., Ltd.
  • Tris(4-vinylphenyl)phosphine Synthetic, chemically pure, Zhejiang University
  • the polymerization degree n is 450-550, and has a multi-stage pore structure including macropores, mesopores and micropores.
  • the measured BET specific surface area is 981 m 2 /g, the pore volume is 1.45 cm 3 /g, and the pore diameter is distributed. 0.5 ⁇ 100.0
  • the self-supporting solid heterogeneous catalyst prepared by the P-containing ligand polymer having a multistage pore structure prepared above was charged into a fixed bed reactor, and ethylene gas and CO/ as an olefin raw material in a molar ratio of 1:2 were introduced.
  • the resulting liquid product propionaldehyde was collected in a cold trap collection tank.
  • Example 2 The liquid product was analyzed by HP-7890N gas chromatography equipped with an HP-5 capillary column and FID detector using ethanol as an internal standard. The reaction tail gas was analyzed online using an HP-7890N gas chromatograph equipped with a Porapak-QS column and a TCD detector. The reaction results are shown in Table 1.
  • Example 2 The liquid product was analyzed by HP-7890N gas chromatography equipped with an HP-5 capillary column and FID detector using ethanol as an internal standard. The reaction tail gas was analyzed online using an HP-7890N gas chromatograph equipped with a Porapak-QS column and a TCD detector. The reaction results are shown in Table 1. Example 2
  • Example 1 For the synthesis of the tris(4-vinylphenyl)phosphine ligand polymer carrier, see Example 1. At 298K and Under a nitrogen gas atmosphere, 0.5 mg of acetylacetone dicarbonyl ruthenium (1:) was added to a three-necked flask containing 100.0 ml of tetrahydrofuran solvent, stirred and dissolved, and 1.0 g of the above-prepared multistage pore structure was added. P ligand polymer, the mixture was stirred under 298 K and nitrogen gas atmosphere for 24 hours, and then the solvent was vacuumed off at room temperature to obtain a self-supporting metal from a P-containing ligand polymer having a multi-stage pore structure.
  • Example 3 The liquid product was analyzed by HP-7890N gas chromatography equipped with an HP-5 capillary column and FID detector using ethanol as an internal standard. The reaction tail gas was analyzed online using an HP-7890N gas chromatograph equipped with a Porapak-QS column and a TCD detector. The reaction results are shown in Table 1.
  • Example 3 The liquid product was analyzed by HP-7890N gas chromatography equipped with an HP-5 capillary column and FID detector using ethanol as an internal standard. The reaction tail gas was analyzed online using an HP-7890N gas chromatograph equipped with a Porapak-QS column and a TCD detector. The reaction results are shown in Table 1. Example 3
  • Example 1 For the synthesis of the tris(4-vinylphenyl)phosphine ligand polymer carrier, see Example 1. Under a 298 K and nitrogen gas atmosphere, 12.53 mg of acetylacetone dicarbonyl ruthenium (X) was added to a three-necked flask containing 100.0 ml of tetrahydrofuran solvent, stirred and dissolved, and 1.0 g of the above-prepared multistage pore structure was added. The P-containing ligand polymer was stirred at 298 K under a nitrogen gas atmosphere for 24 hours, and then the solvent was vacuumed off at room temperature to obtain a self-supporting P-containing ligand polymer having a multi-stage pore structure.
  • X acetylacetone dicarbonyl ruthenium
  • the olefin gas volume space velocity is 1000h - ⁇ CO / Hz mixed gas volume space velocity is 2000h - 1 condition to start the reaction.
  • the resulting liquid product butyraldehyde was collected in a cold trap collection tank.
  • the liquid product was analyzed by HP-7890N gas chromatography equipped with an HP-5 capillary column and FID detector using ethanol as an internal standard.
  • Example 4 For the synthesis of the tris(4-vinylphenyl)phosphine ligand polymer carrier, see Example 1. Under a 298 K and nitrogen gas atmosphere, 12.53 mg of acetylacetone dicarbonyl ruthenium (X) was added to a three-necked flask containing 100.0 ml of tetrahydrofuran solvent, stirred and dissolved, and 1.0 g of the above-prepared multistage pore structure was added.
  • X acetylacetone dicarbonyl ruthenium
  • the P-containing ligand polymer was stirred at 298 K under a nitrogen gas atmosphere for 24 hours, and then the solvent was vacuumed off at room temperature to obtain a self-supporting P-containing ligand polymer having a multi-stage pore structure.
  • a solid heterogeneous catalyst of metal R 1.2 g of 1-octene and 4.8 g of toluene as a solvent were weighed and placed in an autoclave reactor, and the above-prepared solid heterogeneous catalyst prepared from a P-containing ligand polymer having a multistage pore structure from R was added.
  • Example 1 For the synthesis of the tris(4-vinylphenyl)phosphine ligand polymer carrier, see Example 1. Under a 298 K and nitrogen gas atmosphere, 12.53 mg of acetylacetone dicarbonyl ruthenium (X) was added to a three-necked flask containing 100.0 ml of tetrahydrofuran solvent, stirred and dissolved, and 1.0 g of the above-prepared multistage pore structure was added. The P-containing ligand polymer was stirred at 298 K under a nitrogen gas atmosphere for 24 hours, and then the solvent was vacuumed off at room temperature to obtain a self-supporting P-containing ligand polymer having a multi-stage pore structure.
  • X acetylacetone dicarbonyl ruthenium
  • a solid heterogeneous catalyst of metal R 1.2 g of 1-decene and 4.8 g of toluene as a solvent were weighed and placed in an autoclave reactor, and the solid heterophase of the self-supported metal Rh prepared by the P-containing ligand polymer having a multistage pore structure was prepared as described above.
  • Example 1 For the synthesis of the tris(4-vinylphenyl)phosphine ligand polymer carrier, see Example 1. Under a 298 K and nitrogen gas atmosphere, 12.53 mg of acetylacetone dicarbonyl ruthenium (X) was added to a three-necked flask containing 100.0 ml of tetrahydrofuran solvent, stirred and dissolved, and 1.0 g of the above-prepared multistage pore structure was added. The P-containing ligand polymer was stirred at 298 K under a nitrogen gas atmosphere for 24 hours, and then the solvent was vacuumed off at room temperature to obtain a self-supporting P-containing ligand polymer having a multi-stage pore structure.
  • X acetylacetone dicarbonyl ruthenium
  • LHSV liquid olefin mass space velocity
  • Example 7 The liquid product was analyzed by HP-7890N gas chromatography equipped with an HP-5 capillary column and FID detector using ethanol as an internal standard. The reaction tail gas was analyzed online using an HP-7890N gas chromatograph equipped with a Porapak-QS column and a TCD detector. The reaction results are shown in Table 1.
  • Example 7 The liquid product was analyzed by HP-7890N gas chromatography equipped with an HP-5 capillary column and FID detector using ethanol as an internal standard. The reaction tail gas was analyzed online using an HP-7890N gas chromatograph equipped with a Porapak-QS column and a TCD detector. The reaction results are shown in Table 1. Example 7
  • Example 1 For the synthesis of the tris(4-vinylphenyl)phosphine ligand polymer carrier, see Example 1. Under a 298 K and nitrogen gas atmosphere, 12.53 mg of acetylacetone dicarbonyl ruthenium (X) was added to a three-necked flask containing 100.0 ml of tetrahydrofuran solvent, stirred and dissolved, and 1.0 g of the above-prepared multistage pore structure was added. The P-containing ligand polymer was stirred at 298 K under a nitrogen gas atmosphere for 24 hours, and then the solvent was vacuumed off at room temperature to obtain a self-supporting P-containing ligand polymer having a multi-stage pore structure.
  • X acetylacetone dicarbonyl ruthenium
  • the method for olefin hydroformylation using a novel solid heterogeneous catalyst provided by the present invention has a simple reaction process and a simple reaction, and can be carried out in a conventional fixed bed, trickle bed or autoclave reaction.
  • the reaction is carried out in the apparatus; suitable for various olefins of c 2 ⁇ c 18 ; stable hydroformylation reaction, high yield, solving the prior art or loss of metal components, or loss of ligand, or catalyst It is difficult to recycle and recycle, and has broad industrial application prospects.

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于烯烃氢甲酰化反应的方法,其特征在于,所述方法采用一种由金属组分和具有多级孔结构的有机配体聚合物组成的固体多相催化剂,其中所述金属组分是金属Rh、Ir或Co中的一种或几种,所述有机配体聚合物是含有P和烯烃基以及任选的N的有机配体单体经聚合后形成的聚合物,在所述固体多相催化剂中,所述金属组分与所述有机配体聚合物骨架中的P原子或N形成配位键并且以单原子分散的状态存在,所述方法包括在所述固体多相催化剂存在下使烯烃原料与CO/H2混合气在反应器中进行所述烯烃氢甲酰化反应。该方法使用新型固体多相催化剂,反应工艺及装置简单,催化剂的氢甲酰化性能稳定,活性和收率高,具有广阔的工业应用前景。

Description

一种采用固体多相催化剂的用于烯烃氢甲酰化反应的方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种采用新型固体多相催化剂催化烯烃氢甲酰化反应的 方法, 属于多相催化反应工艺领域。 背景技术
氢甲酰化反应是烯烃与合成气 (CO+H2)反应制取比原料烯烃高一个 碳的醛的反应。氢甲酰化技术之所以在化学工业中广泛应用, 并成为最重 要的技术之一, 主要是因为它的产品醛是很有用的化学中间体, 它可以合 成羧酸及其相应的酯,以及脂肪胺等,最重要的用途是它可加氢转化成醇, 醇本身可作为有机溶剂、 增塑剂和表面活性剂等广泛应用于精细化工领 域。 随着塑料、涂料、橡胶和洗涤剂等精细化工品与日常生活密切相关的 工业对醛和醇的需求量日益增长,氢甲酰化反应的研究, 尤其是工业化方 面的研究越来越广泛深入。
CN 102617308 A公开了一种烯烃两相氢甲酰化方法, 该方法采用的 络合催化剂由具有室温可凝固特性的聚醚胍甲磺酸盐离子液体 (PGMILs) , RhCl3-3H20 或二羰基乙酰丙酮铑与间三苯基膦三磺酸钠 (TPPTS) 形成, 反应在不锈钢高压反应釜中进行, 高碳醛的选择性达到 85-99%, 正构醛与异构醛的摩尔比为 2.0 2.4。 但是该方法采用了价格昂 贵且制备复杂的离子液体; 流失到产物相的 Rh为 0.04%~0.07%。 虽然离 子液体具有熔点高和无挥发性等优点, 但其价格较高, 特别是高纯度离子 液体的提纯复杂、 生产成本高, 使其工业应用受到一定的限制
CN 102649715 A公开了一种烯烃氢甲酰化制醛的方法, 该方法通过 采用以 C2~C8 的烯烃、 CO 和氢气为原料, 以含 Rh液体溶液为催化剂, 原料与含 Rh液体溶液催化剂进入高效反应器中接触反应, 生成含醛的液 体流出物, 其中高效反应器选自旋转填料床反应器的技术方案。 US4148830中公开了一种采用液相循环工艺的氢甲酰化方法,其中将生成 的醛缩合产物作为催化剂溶剂, 在从产物流中回收醛产品后, 将含催化剂 介质循环回氢甲酰化反应区。但是, 这种方法在反应产物的分离及均匀溶 解于反应产物中的催化剂的回收方面还存在一些问题。
US 6,229,052 公开了使用 Rh/接枝聚合物作为固定床气相催化丙烯的 氢甲酰化反应。所述气相催化反应给出与所述浆态床类似的结果, 不仅转 化率和活性较低而且催化剂的活性也观察到显著降低。
US4252678公开了一种含有 Rh等过渡金属的胶态分散体的制备, 其 中过渡金属组分以 1.0到 20.0纳米的胶态分散体与采用羟基封端的 (苯乙 烯 /丁二烯:)功能化共聚物组成的催化剂体系, 并应用于 1-辛烯的氢甲酰化 反应。该方法制备的催化剂无法应用于固定床和滴流床反应器, 且催化剂 与产物的难于分离。
CN 102281948 A报道了一种聚合物负载的过渡金属催化剂络合物及 使用方法,制备了具有较窄分子量分布的能溶的聚合物负载的 Rh催化剂。 但是, 催化剂制备、 催化反应和催化剂分离过程都复杂。催化剂制备需要 先控制官能单体和苯乙烯等合成可溶性的聚合物, 再引入配体, 最后负载 R 催化剂。 催化反应过程中需要添加压缩气体。 催化剂采用纳滤的方式 从反应混合物中分离和反应结果也不理想。
"微胶囊膜内负载钯催化剂催化的 Suzuki偶联反应的研究"(李开笑, 中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库, 第 8期)一文, 报道采用在聚苯乙烯 微胶囊膜内连接磷配体的微胶囊材料为载体, 制备 Pd基催化剂, 应用于 Suzuki偶联反应中。但该微胶囊材料为共聚体材料, 不是单聚体材料。在 该催化剂中过渡金属组分的分散状态没有叙述。
目前工业上烯烃氢甲酰化反应制备醛主要采用 Rh基均相催化工艺和 钴基均相催化工艺。尽管均相催化剂的反应活性和选择性是多相催化剂无 法比拟的,但是很多均相催化剂都仅仅因为催化剂与产物难以分离而无法 工业化。 生产过程中催化剂活性缓慢衰减, 必须不断排放一部分催化剂, 同时又补充等量的催化剂。 由于 Rh的价格昂贵, 从排放物流中回收 Rh 是必不可少的。 该处理过程复杂, 因而给生产造成负担。
近年来, 均相催化剂多相化的研究得到了广泛的重视, 均相催化剂多 相化技术主要分为两大类:一方面是均相催化剂固载化, 包括无机载体固 载化、 聚合物载体的固载化、 担载液相催化剂和担载水相催化剂; 另一方 面是两相催化, 包括液 /液两相催化、 氟两相体系、 温控相分离催化、 超 临界流体两相、 离子液体两相和超临界流体-离子液体体系。 虽然这些催 化体系中涌现了许多有创新性的概念, 但是, 这些体系中或者活性金属的 流失严重, 或者催化剂的稳定性差, 或者采用了昂贵的有机配体、 溶剂, 或者催化剂制备过程繁琐、 工艺复杂等, 都不能满足工业化生产的需要。 而多相催化体系只有少量在多相催化剂上添加金属助剂以提高其催化性 能的报道, 但是由于这些体系的催化活性远远低于均相催化体系, 也不能 满足工业化生产的需要。 发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种能够在工业 上容易实现的采用高活性固体多相催化剂的多相氢甲酰化反应工艺。
为此,本发明提供了一种用于烯烃氢甲酰化反应的方法,其特征在于, 所述方法采用一种由金属组分和具有多级孔结构的有机配体聚合物组成 的固体多相催化剂, 其中所述金属组分是金属 Rh、 Ir或 Co中的一种或几 种, 所述有机配体聚合物是含有 P和烯烃基以及任选的 N的有机配体单 体经聚合后形成的聚合物, 在所述固体多相催化剂中, 所述金属组分与所 述有机配体聚合物骨架中的 P原子或 N形成配位键并且以单原子分散的 状态存在, 所述方法包括在所述固体多相催化剂存在下使烯烃原料与 CO/H2混合气在反应器中进行所述烯烃氢甲酰化反应。
在一个优选实施方案中, 所述烯烃原料是 C2~C18烯烃中的一种或几 种的混合物, 并且所述烯烃原料与所述 CO/H2混合气的摩尔比为 0.1:1~1 :1。
在一个优选实施方案中, 当所述烯烃原料是 c2~c3气态烯烃时, 其以 气体形式直接进料,体积空速为 100~20000 h— 当所述烯烃原料是 C4~C18 液态烯烃时, 其采用高压泵输送进入反应系统, 质量空速为 0.01~10 h— 在一个优选实施方案中,所述反应器是固定床、滴流床或釜式反应器。 在一个优选实施方案中,所述烯烃氢甲酰化反应以间歇方式或连续方 式进行。
在一个优选实施方案中, 所述烯烃氢甲酰化反应的反应温度为 323-573K, 反应压力 0.05~20.0MPa。
在一个优选实施方案中,所述具有多级孔结构的有机配体聚合物的比 表面积为 200~2000m2/g, 孔容为 0.5~5.0cm3/g, 孔径分布在 0.5~100.0nm。
在一个优选实施方案中, 当所述反应器是固定床或滴流床时, 所述烯 烃氢甲酰化反应在所述固体多相催化剂上连续地进行,生成的液体产物持 续流出所述反应器并通过产品收集罐在 255-298K的温度进行收集; 当所 述反应器是釜式反应器时, 所述烯烃氢甲酰化反应间歇地进行, 生成的液 体产物经过过滤与所述固体多相催化剂分离获得,并且所得到的液体产物 通过闪蒸或精馏进一歩处理而获得高纯度的醛产品。
在一个优选实施方案中,所述金属组分在所述固体多相催化剂的总重 量中占 0.01~5.0%。
在一个优选实施方案中,所述有机配体聚合物是含有 P和乙烯基以及 任选的 N的有机膦配体单体经聚合后形成的聚合物。 本发明产生的有益效果包括但不限于:
本发明与现有的氢甲酰化反应技术相比,由于采用了新型的固体多相 催化剂, 反应工艺及装置简单, 可以在普通的固定床、 滴流床或高压釜反 应器中进行反应; 催化剂分离简单, 固定床和滴流床不需要进行催化剂和 产品分离, 高压釜反应器仅需要简单的过滤即可; 催化剂回收容易且能够 循环使用; 反应底物范围宽, 适用于 C2~C18的各种烯烃; 催化剂制备方 法简单, 催化剂的氢甲酰化性能稳定, 收率高, 解决了现有技术中存在的 诸如金属组分流失、配体流失或者催化剂难以回收循环利用等问题, 具有 广阔的工业应用前景。 附图说明
图 1 是根据本发明的一种连续进行的烯烃氢甲酰化反应的反应流程 图。 图中标号说明:
1: 压力表 2: 净化罐 3 : 截止阀 4: 压力调节阀 5: 截止阀 6: 压力 表 7: 净化罐 8: 截止阀 9: 压力调节阀 10: 质量流量计 11 : 截止阀 12: 泵 13: 压力表 14: 截止阀: 15: 质量流量计 16: 压力表 17: 单向阀 18: 混合器 19: 预热器 20: 反应器 (:固定床或滴流床) 21 : 收集罐 22: 放料 阀 23: 背压阀 24: 流量计 具体实施方式
本发明采用一种新型的固体多相催化剂实现了高活性的多相氢甲酰 化反应, 该固体多相催化剂由金属组分和具有多级孔结构(即具有包括大 孔、 中孔和微孔的多级孔结构)的有机配体聚合物构成。所述多级孔结构 的有机配体聚合物配体具有载体和配体的双重功效,确保作为均相催化剂 的金属活性组分可以稳定地存在于该聚合物载体的孔道中,从而形成了固 体多相催化剂。使用这种固体多相催化剂体系可以解决催化剂与产物分离 以及催化剂循环使用的问题。该方法包括在所述固体多相催化剂存在下使 烯烃原料与 CO/H2混合气在反应器如固定床、滴流床或高压釜反应器中进 行所述烯烃氢甲酰化反应。
在一个优选的方面,本发明提供一种采用固体多相催化剂的用于催化 氢甲酰化反应的方法, 所述方法可以包括但不限于以下特征方面:
采用的固体多相催化剂由金属组分和具有多级孔结构的有机配体 聚合物配体组成。优选地, 所述金属组分是金属 Rh、 Ir或 Co中的一种或 几种,所述具有多级孔结构的有机配体聚合物配体是含有 P和烯烃基以及 任选的 N 的有机配体单体经例如溶剂热聚合法聚合形成的聚合物。 所述 具有多级孔结构的有机配体聚合物优选是含有 P和乙烯基以及任选的 N 的有机膦配体单体经溶剂热聚合法聚合形成的聚合物。优选地, 所述金属 组分在所述固体多相催化剂的总重量中占 0.02~5.0%。 优选地, 所述具有 多级孔结构的有机配体聚合物的比表面积为 200~2000m2/g, 孔容为 0.5~5.0cm3/g, 孔径分布在 0.5~100.0nm。
(2) 用于烯烃氢甲酰化反应的烯烃原料可以是 C2~C18烯烃中的一种 或几种的混合烯烃, 优选地, 当烯烃原料是 C2~C3气态烯烃时, 其以气体 形式直接进料, 而当烯烃原料是 C4~C18液态烯烃时, 其采用高压泵输送 进入反应系统。
(3) 所述烯烃氢甲酰化反应可在固定床、 滴流床或高压釜反应器中进 行, 也就是说, 所述烯烃氢甲酰化反应可以间歇进行或连续进行。
(4) 所述烯烃氢甲酰化反应的条件可以优选为: 反应温度 323 573K (即 50~300°C), 更优选 353~573K; 反应压力 0.05~20.0MPa, 更优选 0.5~10.0MPa。 优选地, 烯烃原料与 CO/H2混合气的摩尔比为 0.1 :1~1 :1, 其中 CO/H2混合气中 CO和 ¾的体积比通常为 1 :1。优选地, 当烯烃原料 以气体进料时, 气体烯烃原料的体积空速为 100~20000h— 1, 更优选 500-10000 h"1 ; 当烯烃原料以液态进料时, 液体烯烃原料的质量空速为 0.01-10 h"1 , 更优选 O. lO h-1 ; 浆态床的搅拌转数为 200~1000 r/分。
(5;)优选地, 当所述烯烃氢甲酰化反应在固定床或滴流床中进行时, 所述氢甲酰化反应在固体催化剂上连续地进行,生成的液体产物持续流出 反应器, 并通过产品收集罐在 255-298K温度进行收集; 而当所述烯烃氢 甲酰化反应在高压釜反应器中反应时, 所述氢甲酰化反应间歇地进行, 生 成的液体产物和所述固体多相催化剂例如经过简单的过滤即可分离。进一 歩优选地, 得到的产物可以根据其不同的沸点, 采用闪蒸或精馏等方式进 一歩处理而获得高纯度的醛产品。
本发明还提供了新型多相催化剂催化氢甲酰化反应的流程图, 如图 1 所示。来自钢瓶的合成气经压力表 1显示总压, 流经净化器 2进行气体净 化, 经截止阀 3, 通过调压器 4调节压力, 经截止阀 5, 压力表 16显示质 量流量计前压, 再经质量流量计 17控制合成气的流量; 来自钢瓶的气态 烯烃 (如 C2-C3;>经压力表 6显示总压, 流经净化器 7进行气体净化, 经截 止阀 8, 通过调压器 9调节压力, 质量流量计 10控制气态烯烃的流量, 经截止阀 11 ; 液态烯烃 (如 C4-C18;>经高压计量泵 12增加到预期压力, 压 力表 13显示显示液体烯烃的压力, 经截止阀 14; 在混合器 18合成气或 与气态烯烃或与液态烯烃充分混合、 经预热器 19预热后进入装有所述固 体多相催化剂反应器 20进行氢甲酰化反应, 产物再收集罐 21中收集, 并 进行气液分离后, 经背压阀 23控制反应压力, 尾气经流量计 24计量后放 空, 液体产物间歇经截止阀 22, 放样称重并分析。
在一个优选方面, 本发明采用的固体多相催化剂的制备方法为如下:
1)在 293~473K温度和惰性气体如氮气或氩气保护氛围下, 向含有 Ρ 和烯烃基以及任选的 Ν 的有机配体单体的有机溶剂中, 加入适量自由基 引发剂, 搅拌 0.5~100小时。 其中的有机溶剂可以采用苯、 甲苯、 四氢呋 喃、 甲醇、 乙醇或三氯甲垸, 自由基引发剂可以采用过氧化环己酮、 过氧 化二苯甲酰、 叔丁基过氧化氢、 偶氮二异丁腈或偶氮二异庚腈。
2)在 293~473K温度和惰性气体如氮气或氩气保护氛围下, 将上述经 搅拌后的溶液静置 10~100小时以进行聚合反应。
3;)将反应后的混合物在室温下真空抽除溶剂, 即得到具有多级孔结构 的有机配体聚合物配体。
4;)将上述具有多级孔结构的有机配体聚合物配体投入含有金属组分 如金属 Rh、 Ir或 Co中的一种或几种的有机溶剂(可以与上述有机溶剂相 同) 中, 在 293~473K 温度和惰性气体如氮气或氩气保护氛围下搅拌 0.5-100小时。 搅拌后将其降至室温, 在室温条件下真空抽除溶剂, 即得 到所需的用于烯烃氢甲酰化反应的固体多相催化剂。
在本发明的催化剂制备中,使用的有机配体单体可以包括但不限于以 一种或多种:
Figure imgf000009_0001
L-3 L-4
Figure imgf000010_0001
Figure imgf000010_0002
Figure imgf000010_0003
Figure imgf000010_0004
L-ll L-12
Figure imgf000011_0001
为了更好的说明催化剂的制备方法及其在烯烃氢甲酰化反应中的应 用, 下面举出一些催化剂样品的制备 (其中有机配体单体仅以三 (4-乙烯 基苯)基膦单体(即上述单体 L-2)为例做说明)及其在反应工艺中的应用 的实施例, 但本发明不限于所列举的实施例。 除非另有具体说明, 本申请 中所用的"百分比 "基于重量。
在下面的实施例中, 所有的原料如下:
H2/CO混合气 (含有 50 体积 %¾、 50 体积 %CO): 中昊光明化工研 究设计院有限公司
乙烯: 中昊光明化工研究设计院有限公司, 纯度≥99.999体积% 丙烯: 中昊光明化工研究设计院有限公司, 纯度≥99.999体积%
1-辛烯: 上海化学试剂公司, 分析纯
1-癸烯: 上海化学试剂公司, 分析纯
1-十二烯: 上海化学试剂公司, 分析纯
三 (4-乙烯基苯)基膦: 浙江大学合成, 化学纯
样品的比表面积和孔径分布测定在 Quantachrome Instruments公司的 Autosorb-1吸附分析仪上进行。 测试前, 样品在 373 K预处理 20小时, 在 77K液氮温度进行 N2吸附 -脱附测试。 实施例 1
在 298K和氮气气体保护氛围下, 将 10.0克三 (4-乙烯基苯)基膦溶于 100.0ml四氢呋喃溶剂, 向上述溶液中加入 1.0克自由基引发剂偶氮二异 丁腈, 搅拌 2小时。 将搅拌好的溶液在 373K和氮气气体保护氛围下静置 24ho 待上述静置后的溶液冷却至室温, 室温 (约 298K)条件下真空抽走溶 剂, 即得到由三 (4-乙烯基苯)基膦经溶剂热法聚合而形成具有多级孔结构 的含 P配体聚合物。 本实施例中的三 (4-乙烯基苯:)基膦配体聚合物载体聚 合技术路线如下所示:
Figure imgf000012_0001
其中聚合度 n为 450-550,具有包括大孔、中孔和微孔的多级孔结构, 测得的 BET 比表面积为 981 m2/g, 孔容为 1.45 cm3/g , 孔径分布在 0.5~100.0
在 298K和氮气气体保护氛围下, 取 50.10毫克的乙酰丙酮二羰基铑 (I) 加入到盛有 100.0ml四氢呋喃溶剂的三颈烧瓶中, 搅拌溶解, 加入 1.0 克上述制备的具有多级孔结构的含 P配体聚合物, 将此混合物在 298K和 氮气气体保护氛围下搅拌 24小时, 然后在室温条件下真空抽走溶剂, 即 得到由所述具有多级孔结构的含 P配体聚合物自负载的金属 R 固体多相 催化剂。将上述制备的由具有多级孔结构的含 P配体聚合物自负载的固体 多相催化剂装填到固定床反应器中, 通入摩尔比为 1 :2的作为烯烃原料的 乙烯气体和 CO/H2混合气 (其中 ¾:CO体积比 =1 :1),在 393K l.OMPa下, 烯烃气体体积空速为 lOOOh— CO/H2混合气体积空速为 2000h— 1条件下开 始反应。生成的液体产物丙醛收集于冷阱收集罐内。该液体产物使用配有 HP-5毛细管柱和 FID检测器的 HP-7890N气相色谱分析, 采用乙醇作内 标。 反应尾气使用配有 Porapak-QS柱和 TCD检测器的 HP-7890N气相色 谱进行在线分析。 反应结果见表 1 实施例 2
三 (4-乙烯基苯)基膦配体聚合物载体的合成参见实施例 1。在 298K和 氮气气体保护氛围下, 取 0.5 毫克的乙酰丙酮二羰基铑 (1:), 加入到盛有 100.0ml四氢呋喃溶剂的三颈烧瓶中, 搅拌溶解, 加入 1.0克上述制备的 具有多级孔结构的含 P配体聚合物, 将此混合物在 298K和氮气气体保护 氛围下搅拌 24小时, 然后在室温条件下真空抽走溶剂, 即得到由具有多 级孔结构的含 P配体聚合物自负载的金属 R 的固体多相催化剂。 将上述 制备的由具有多级孔结构的含 P配体聚合物自负载的金属 Rh的固体多相 催化剂加入到固定床反应器中, 通入摩尔比为 1 :2的作为烯烃原料的乙烯 气体和 CO/¾混合气 (其中 ¾:CO体积比 =1 :1), 在 393K、 3.0MPa下, 烯 烃气体体积空速为 2000h— CO/H2混合气体积空速为 4000h— 1条件下开始 反应。。 生成的液体产物丙醛收集于冷阱收集罐内。 该液体产物使用配有 HP-5毛细管柱和 FID检测器的 HP-7890N气相色谱分析, 采用乙醇作内 标。 反应尾气使用配有 Porapak-QS柱和 TCD检测器的 HP-7890N气相色 谱进行在线分析。 反应结果见表 1。 实施例 3
三 (4-乙烯基苯)基膦配体聚合物载体的合成参见实施例 1。在 298K和 氮气气体保护氛围下, 取 12.53 毫克的乙酰丙酮二羰基铑 (X) 加入到盛有 100.0ml四氢呋喃溶剂的三颈烧瓶中, 搅拌溶解, 加入 1.0克上述制备的 具有多级孔结构的含 P配体聚合物, 将此混合物在 298K和氮气气体保护 氛围下搅拌 24小时, 然后在室温条件下真空抽走溶剂, 即得到由具有多 级孔结构的含 P配体聚合物自负载的金属 R 的固体多相催化剂。 将上述 制备的固体多相催化剂加入到固定床反应器中, 通入摩尔比为 1 :2的作为 烯烃原料的丙烯气体和 CO/¾混合气 (:其中 ¾:CO体积比 =1 :1), 在 393K、 l.OMPa下,烯烃气体体积空速为 1000h— ^ CO/Hz混合气体积空速为 2000h— 1 条件下开始反应。。 生成的液体产物丁醛收集于冷阱收集罐内。 该液体产 物使用配有 HP-5毛细管柱和 FID检测器的 HP-7890N气相色谱分析, 采 用乙醇作内标。 反应尾气使用配有 Porapak-QS 柱和 TCD 检测器的 HP-7890N气相色谱进行在线分析。 反应结果见表 1。 实施例 4 三 (4-乙烯基苯)基膦配体聚合物载体的合成参见实施例 1。在 298K和 氮气气体保护氛围下, 取 12.53 毫克的乙酰丙酮二羰基铑 (X) 加入到盛有 100.0ml四氢呋喃溶剂的三颈烧瓶中, 搅拌溶解, 加入 1.0克上述制备的 具有多级孔结构的含 P配体聚合物, 将此混合物在 298K和氮气气体保护 氛围下搅拌 24小时, 然后在室温条件下真空抽走溶剂, 即得到由具有多 级孔结构的含 P配体聚合物自负载的金属 R 的固体多相催化剂。称取 1.2 克 1-辛烯和作为溶剂的 4.8克甲苯置于高压釜反应器中, 再将上述制备的 由具有多级孔结构的含 P配体聚合物自负载 R 的固体多相催化剂加入到 高压釜反应器中, 封闭反应器并进行气密性试验后, 通入合成气 (其中 ¾:CO体积比 =1 :1), 置换反应器中的空气 3次, 然后在 393K、 l.OMPa, 合成气连续冲入, 达到反应压力保持不变要求下, 高压釜搅拌转数为 lOOOr/分的条件下开始反应。 反应 4小时后, 打开反应釜, 将液体产物从 高压釜反应器中抽提出来, 催化剂可留在反应釜内循环使用。该液体产物 使用配有 HP-5毛细管柱和 FID检测器的 HP-7890N气相色谱分析, 采用 乙醇作内标。反应尾气使用配有 Porapak-QS柱和 TCD检测器的 HP-7890N 气相色谱进行在线分析。 反应结果见表 1。 实施例 5
三 (4-乙烯基苯)基膦配体聚合物载体的合成参见实施例 1。在 298K和 氮气气体保护氛围下, 取 12.53 毫克的乙酰丙酮二羰基铑 (X) 加入到盛有 100.0ml四氢呋喃溶剂的三颈烧瓶中, 搅拌溶解, 加入 1.0克上述制备的 具有多级孔结构的含 P配体聚合物, 将此混合物在 298K和氮气气体保护 氛围下搅拌 24小时, 然后在室温条件下真空抽走溶剂, 即得到由具有多 级孔结构的含 P配体聚合物自负载的金属 R 的固体多相催化剂。称取 1.2 克 1-癸烯和作为溶剂的 4.8克甲苯置于高压釜反应器中, 再将上述制备的 由具有多级孔结构的含 P配体聚合物自负载的金属 Rh的固体多相催化剂 加入到高压釜反应器中,封闭反应器并进行气密性试验后,通入合成气 (其 中 ¾:CO体积比 =1 :1), 置换反应器中的空气 3次, 然后在 393K、 l.OMPa 然后在 393K、 l.OMPa, 合成气连续冲入, 达到反应压力保持不变要求下, 高压釜搅拌转数为 1000r/分的条件下开始反应。 反应 4小时后, 打开反应 釜, 将液体产品从高压釜反应器经过滤与催化剂分离, 催化剂可留在反应 釜内循环使用。 该液体产物使用配有 HP-5 毛细管柱和 FID 检测器的 HP-7890N气相色谱分析,采用乙醇作内标。反应尾气使用配有 Porapak-QS 柱和 TCD检测器的 HP-7890N气相色谱进行在线分析。 反应结果见表 1。 实施例 6
三 (4-乙烯基苯)基膦配体聚合物载体的合成参见实施例 1。在 298K和 氮气气体保护氛围下, 取 12.53 毫克的乙酰丙酮二羰基铑 (X) 加入到盛有 100.0ml四氢呋喃溶剂的三颈烧瓶中, 搅拌溶解, 加入 1.0克上述制备的 具有多级孔结构的含 P配体聚合物, 将此混合物在 298K和氮气气体保护 氛围下搅拌 24小时, 然后在室温条件下真空抽走溶剂, 即得到由具有多 级孔结构的含 P配体聚合物自负载的金属 R 的固体多相催化剂。 将上述 制备的由具有多级孔结构的含 P配体聚合物自负载 Rh的固体多相催化剂 加入到滴流床反应器中, 通入合成气 (:其中 ¾:CO 体积比 =1 :1), 然后在 393K、 3.0MPa下, 合成气空速 2000h— 1-十二烯液态料经高压计量泵泵 入反应器中, 液体烯烃质量空速 (LHSV) = 0.5 h— 1开始反应。液体产物醛收 集于冷阱收集罐内。 该液体产物使用配有 HP-5毛细管柱和 FID检测器的 HP-7890N气相色谱分析,采用乙醇作内标。反应尾气使用配有 Porapak-QS 柱和 TCD检测器的 HP-7890N气相色谱进行在线分析。 反应结果见表 1。 实施例 7
三 (4-乙烯基苯)基膦配体聚合物载体的合成参见实施例 1。在 298K和 氮气气体保护氛围下, 取 12.53 毫克的乙酰丙酮二羰基铑 (X) 加入到盛有 100.0ml四氢呋喃溶剂的三颈烧瓶中, 搅拌溶解, 加入 1.0克上述制备的 具有多级孔结构的含 P配体聚合物, 将此混合物在 298K和氮气气体保护 氛围下搅拌 24小时, 然后在室温条件下真空抽走溶剂, 即得到由具有多 级孔结构的含 P配体聚合物自负载的金属 R 的固体多相催化剂。 将上述 制备的由具有多级孔结构的含 P配体聚合物自负载 Rh的固体多相催化剂 加入到滴流床反应器中, 通入合成气 (:其中 ¾:CO 体积比 =1 :1), 然后在 393K、 3.0MPa下, 合成气空速 2000h— 1-十八烯液态料经高压计量泵泵 入反应器中, LHSV=0.5 h— 1开始反应。 液体产物醛收集于冷阱收集罐内。 该液体产物使用配有 HP-5毛细管柱和 FID检测器的 HP-7890N气相色谱 分析, 采用乙醇作内标。 反应尾气使用配有 Porapak-QS柱和 TCD检测器 的 HP-7890N气相色谱进行在线分析。 反应结果见表 1。 表 1 : 新型多相催化剂上烯烃氢甲酰化反应性能
Figure imgf000016_0001
由上述表 1的结果可知,本发明提供的采用新型固体多相催化剂的用 于烯烃氢甲酰化反应的方法,反应工艺及装置简单,可以在常规的固定床、 滴流床或高压釜反应器中进行反应; 适用于 c2~c18的多种烯烃; 氢甲酰 化反应性能稳定, 收率高, 解决了现有技术中存在的或者金属组分流失, 或者配体流失, 或者催化剂难以回收循环利用等问题, 具有广阔的工业应 用前景。
以上已对本发明进行了详细描述,但本发明并不局限于本文所描述具 体实施方式。本领域技术人员理解, 在不背离本发明范围的情况下, 可以 作出其他更改和变形。 本发明的范围由所附权利要求限定。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种用于烯烃氢甲酰化反应的方法, 其特征在于, 所述方法采用 一种由金属组分和具有多级孔结构的有机配体聚合物组成的固体多相催 化剂, 其中所述金属组分是金属 Rh、 Ir或 Co中的一种或几种, 所述有机 配体聚合物是含有 P和烯烃基以及任选的 N的有机配体单体经聚合后形 成的聚合物, 在所述固体多相催化剂中, 所述金属组分与所述有机配体聚 合物骨架中的 P原子或 N形成配位键并且以单原子分散的状态存在, 所 述方法包括在所述固体多相催化剂存在下使烯烃原料与 CO/H2混合气在 反应器中进行所述烯烃氢甲酰化反应。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述烯烃原料是 C2~C18 烯烃中的一种或几种的混合物,并且所述烯烃原料与所述 CO/H2混合气的 摩尔比为 0.1 :1~1 : 1。
3. 根据权利要求 1 所述的方法, 其特征在于, 当所述烯烃原料是 C2~C3气态烯烃时, 其以气体形式直接进料, 体积空速为 100~20000 h— 当所述烯烃原料是 C4~C18液态烯烃时, 其采用高压泵输送进入反应系统, 质量空速为 0.01~10 h—
4. 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述反应器是固定床、 滴流床或釜式反应器。
5. 根据权利要求 1 所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述烯烃氢甲酰化反 应以间歇方式或连续方式进行。
6. 根据权利要求 1 所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述烯烃氢甲酰化反 应的反应温度为 323~573K, 反应压力为 0.05~20.0MPa。
7. 根据权利要求 1 所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述具有多级孔结构 的有机配体聚合物的比表面积为 200~2000m2/g, 孔容为 0.5~5.0cm3/g, 孔 径分布在 0.5~100.0nm。
8. 根据权利要求 4所述的方法, 其特征在于, 当所述反应器是固定 床或滴流床时,所述烯烃氢甲酰化反应在所述固体多相催化剂上连续地进 行, 生成的液体产物持续流出所述反应器并通过产品收集罐在 255-298K 的温度进行收集; 当所述反应器是釜式反应器时, 所述烯烃氢甲酰化反应 间歇地进行, 生成的液体产物经过过滤与所述固体多相催化剂分离获得, 并且所得到的液体产物通过闪蒸或精馏进一歩处理而获得高纯度的醛产 P
9. 根据权利要求 1 所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述金属组分在所述 固体多相催化剂的总重量中占 0.01~5.0%。
10. 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述有机配体聚合物 是含有 P和乙烯基以及任选的 N的有机膦配体单体经聚合后形成的聚合
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