WO2015081593A1 - 一体化自动显微焊接设备 - Google Patents

一体化自动显微焊接设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015081593A1
WO2015081593A1 PCT/CN2013/090874 CN2013090874W WO2015081593A1 WO 2015081593 A1 WO2015081593 A1 WO 2015081593A1 CN 2013090874 W CN2013090874 W CN 2013090874W WO 2015081593 A1 WO2015081593 A1 WO 2015081593A1
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Prior art keywords
welding
force
head
electrode
spot
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PCT/CN2013/090874
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨仕桐
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广州微点焊设备有限公司
杨仕桐
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Publication of WO2015081593A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015081593A1/zh

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K11/00Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
    • B23K11/10Spot welding; Stitch welding
    • B23K11/11Spot welding
    • B23K11/115Spot welding by means of two electrodes placed opposite one another on both sides of the welded parts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K11/00Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
    • B23K11/10Spot welding; Stitch welding
    • B23K11/11Spot welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K11/00Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
    • B23K11/24Electric supply or control circuits therefor
    • B23K11/241Electric supplies
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K11/00Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
    • B23K11/24Electric supply or control circuits therefor
    • B23K11/25Monitoring devices
    • B23K11/252Monitoring devices using digital means
    • B23K11/255Monitoring devices using digital means the measured parameter being a force
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K11/00Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
    • B23K11/30Features relating to electrodes
    • B23K11/31Electrode holders and actuating devices therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K11/00Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
    • B23K11/30Features relating to electrodes
    • B23K11/31Electrode holders and actuating devices therefor
    • B23K11/312Electrode holders and actuating devices therefor for several electrodes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K11/00Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
    • B23K11/30Features relating to electrodes
    • B23K11/31Electrode holders and actuating devices therefor
    • B23K11/318Supporting devices for electrode holders
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/36Electric or electronic devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to welding automation, in particular to an integrated automatic micro-welding device for electric resistance welding micro-welding.
  • Patent No. 1382557 discloses a double welding head spot welding machine, which mainly aims at improving the welding head clamp, and aims to optimize the welding effect, and the double welding head spot welding machine can obviously improve the spot welding efficiency in theory.
  • the double-welding spot welder disclosed in the CN1382557 patent cannot independently adjust the electrode force of each parallel electrode and the electrical parameters of the welding energy output, so how to make the double-weld spot welder improve the point. Welding efficiency, and more accurate spot welding effect, is one of the problems to be solved in the industry.
  • the conventional resistance welding spot welding equipment has the following characteristics: one is spot welding with a single solder joint, since most electronic components have two lead-out contacts that require spot welding, thus having multiple solder joints
  • the spot welder will be able to provide higher spot welding efficiency;
  • the accuracy of the electrode force can reach ⁇ 10N in the traditional resistance point, and the electrode force commonly used in practice generally only needs less than 10N, so the electrode force achieved by the conventional technology
  • the accuracy does not meet the spot welding requirements.
  • the spot welding machine is a kind of precision equipment, and the spot welding machine with multiple solder joints is more difficult to grasp due to further complicated structure, such as the overall weight of the machine head and the increased power during operation.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
  • the integrated automatic micro-welding device of the invention comprises two spot welding machine heads assembled together, two horizontal clamp welding head clips arranged side by side at the same horizontal position, two spot welding power sources and automatic spot welding powerplant;
  • the two spot welding machine heads integrally connected are connected with the automatic spot welding power device, and the automatic spot welding power device is used for driving the two spot welding machine heads to drive the two spot welding machine The power of the head for simultaneous welding;
  • the two horizontal clip weld head clips are respectively connected to the two spot welder heads, and the two spot welder heads are used to correspondingly transmit the power provided by the automatic spot welding power unit to Two horizontal clip type welding head clips for the two horizontal clip type welding head clips to perform welding synchronously;
  • the two horizontal clip welding head clips are respectively electrically connected to the two spot welding power sources through cables, and the two horizontal clip type spot welding power sources are respectively parallel electrode welding on the two welding head clips. Head power supply.
  • the rear portion of the horizontal clip welding head clip is provided with a connecting hole connected to the spot welding machine head with the hole shaft mounting, and the connecting hole is provided with two holes for adjusting the tightness of the connection and adjusting the side by side.
  • An adjustable screw with a gap width between the cross clamps.
  • the horizontal clip welding head clamp comprises a welding head clamp movable portion and a welding head clamp fixing portion which are installed in a front-rear direction with respect to the machine head, and is fixed in the movable portion of the welding head holder and the welding head clamp
  • An electrode interface is disposed on the front side of the portion, and a parallel electrode horn is mounted on the electrode interface.
  • the horizontal clip welding head is respectively provided with a step-like convex portion at a top end of the welding head clip fixing portion and the movable portion corresponding to the electrode interface, and the two cables of the spot welding power source are separately installed.
  • the two stepped projections described are respectively provided with a step-like convex portion at a top end of the welding head clip fixing portion and the movable portion corresponding to the electrode interface, and the two cables of the spot welding power source are separately installed.
  • the spot welding power source is an inverter secondary rectification filtering output power source, and the output end of the inverter secondary rectification filtering output power source is provided with a filter inductor for making a transient response curve of the secondary current output. From the pulsating curve to a continuous smooth curve.
  • the spot welder head comprises a head frame and a welding force transmission device mounted on the head frame, a precise electrode force presetting device and a welding force breaking device;
  • the welding force transmission device transmits the welding power through its torque, converts the welding force into an electrode force and conducts it to the welding head clamp;
  • the precise electrode force presetting device provides a setting for pre-setting the quantized electrode force, and when the electrode force is detected to reach a predetermined amount, driving the spot welding power source to provide a welding current;
  • the welding force breaking device blocks the torque transmission of the welding force when the electrode force reaches a predetermined amount.
  • the welding force transmission device includes a welding force transmission structure, an electrode force transmission structure, and a welding force buffer structure;
  • the welding force transmission structure transmits welding power to the electrode force transmission structure; the welding force transmission structure transmits torque through the welding force conductor under the guidance of the welding force guiding shaft;
  • the electrode force conducting structure transmits its force as an electrode force to the electrode; the electrode force conducting structure is guided by the electrode force guiding shaft to transmit torque through the horizontal clip type welding head clip;
  • the welding force buffering structure is configured to provide a buffering action for the transmission process of the welding force; the welding force buffering structure includes at least one compression spring acting between the welding force conducting structure and the electrode force conducting structure.
  • the precise electrode force pre-setting device includes an electrode force pre-setting structure and an electrode force circuit;
  • the electrode pre-setting structure adopts a follow-up structure or a pressure sensor structure for setting a quantized electrode force
  • the electrode force circuit is electrically connected to the corresponding resistance welding power source so that the electrode force circuit controls the on and off of the welding current.
  • the welding force breaking device comprises an electromagnet structure and an electromagnet circuit
  • the electromagnet structure includes an electromagnet and an adsorption iron block; the electromagnet and the adsorption iron block are respectively mounted on a fixing member and a movable member of the hot press head; and the movable member is provided with the movable member Reset element that can be reset;
  • the electromagnet circuits are electrically connected to the electromagnet and the electrode force circuit, respectively.
  • the head frame is a plastic head frame.
  • the connection between the electrode force guide shaft and the cross clamp weld head clamp mounted on the plastic head frame is a direct connection of metal to metal.
  • the welding head clamp has an adjustable function, which can be matched with the synchronous welding operation, so that the electrodes on the two welding head clips are accurately positioned with the two pins of the electronic component to be soldered.
  • the spot welding precision of the whole machine is improved, and it is more suitable for the double solder joint precision welding operation;
  • the electrode force of the final respective output can be finely adjusted by adjusting the tightness of the two welding head clips, thereby contributing to the purpose of achieving accurate electrode force output.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the overall structural principle of the integrated automatic micro-welding apparatus of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of the integrated automatic micro-welding apparatus of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing the internal structure of any one of the two spot welder heads integrally mounted in the present invention, mainly for revealing the construction of the precise electrode force pressurizing system.
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing the electrical principle of the inverter-type secondary rectification and filtering output power source used in the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of a welding head holder used in the present invention, which is shown in a side view and a top view in a side-by-side manner.
  • Figure 6 is a side view showing the side-by-side relationship of two horizontal clip-on horn clips arranged side by side at the same horizontal position of the present invention.
  • the invention can be divided into four parts, namely two spot welding machine heads, two horizontal type horizontal welding head clamps, spot welding power supply and automatic spot welding power unit.
  • the spot welding power source can be two spot welding power sources respectively connected to two horizontal clip type welding head clips, or can be connected to two horizontal clip type welding head clips through the output end of one spot welding power source, that is, two horizontal clip type
  • the weld head clamp can be powered by a different spot welding power source or by the same spot welding power source. Since the spot welding power source and the automatic spot welding power unit are known to those skilled in the art, the present invention will not be described in detail, and the two spot welding machine heads and the two horizontal clip type welding head clips which are integrally assembled are mainly introduced. .
  • the present invention also proposes two concepts of "precision electrode force presetting” and “accurate electrode force pressing system”, which are also introduced in advance.
  • the so-called welding force is a force for driving the relevant intermediate mechanical member and the electrode to perform a welding operation
  • the electrode force is a force acting on the welding member by the electrode.
  • the welding force drives the spot welding machine to perform the spot welding operation.
  • the final action is applied to the electrodes, so that the electrodes perform spot welding on the welding members with their electrode forces. Therefore, relatively speaking, the two
  • the stroke of the welding force is longer than the electrode force, and the force of the welding force is larger than the electrode force.
  • the so-called electrode force presetting refers to the magnitude of the electrode force for which the electrode is actually set for the electrode to perform the spot welding operation with the preset electrode force conducting current; and the precise electrode force Presetting means presetting the actual output electrode force in a quantified form, and ensuring that the actual output electrode force and the preset electrode force are consistent within a given accuracy range, at the actual output.
  • the electrode force reaches a preset amount of instantaneous on-current to perform a spot welding operation.
  • the so-called electrode force pressurization system is a general term for a structure in which an electrode force is supplied during a welding period in which a spot welding apparatus performs welding.
  • the precise electrode force pressurization system is a general term for the relevant structure that can ensure the electrode force provided by the electrode assembly based on the precise electrode force pre-set.
  • the basic effect required for a precision electrode force pressurization system is that the actual output electrode force is maintained and remains relatively constant over the given accuracy range throughout the weld period.
  • the precise electrode force pressing system proposed by the present invention comprises a welding force transmission device, a precise electrode force presetting device and a welding force breaking device, and the precise electrode force pressing system is coordinated and mutually restricted by electromechanical integration.
  • FIG. 1 shows the overall structural framework of the spot welding apparatus of the present invention, and also shows the structural principle thereof, including the spot welding power unit 101, the welding force conducting structures 102a, 102b, the welding force buffering structures 103a, 103b, and the electrodes.
  • Welded weldments 108a, 108b include spot welding power supplies 109a, 109b.
  • FIG. 1 mainly describes the spot welding machine of the present invention with two main lines in a force relationship and an electric action relationship.
  • the integrated machine head of the present invention is a two spot welder head with a precise electrode force pressurization system installed side by side in a side-by-side configuration, as for precise electrode force pressurization.
  • the detailed installation structure of the system on the one hand, can refer to the subsequent embodiments of the present invention, and on the other hand, can be flexibly realized by those skilled in the art with reference to the embodiments provided by the present invention; the second is the spot welding of each precise electrode force pressing system.
  • the machine head is to be equipped with one of the horizontal clamp type welding head clamps, and the two horizontal clamp type welding heads are arranged side by side in the same horizontal position, and are also symmetrically installed, and each welding head clamp is provided with a parallel electrode welding. Head; three is two precision electrode force pressurization systems are respectively connected with two spot welding power sources, each spot welding power source provides spot welding current for a precise electrode force pressing system of a corresponding head; four is an independent automatic point
  • the welding equipment power unit is respectively connected with the welding force transmission structure of the two spot welding machine heads, that is, the same automatic welding power unit provides welding power for the two spot welding machine heads.
  • the two spot welder heads are formed into an integrated structure by connection with the same automatic welding power unit.
  • the spot welding device of the present invention drives two spot welding machine heads by the same welding power source, and acts on two horizontal clamp type welding head clamps to drive two welding heads simultaneously to two welding parts. Spot welding.
  • the electrode forces and other well-known electrical parameters of the two parallel electrode horns can be independently adjusted by two precise electrode force pressurization systems.
  • the precise electrode force pressing system comprises a welding force transmission device, a precise electrode force presetting device and a welding force breaking device, These three parts are mutually constrained by the synergy of mechatronics, and the actual output electrode force is maintained and maintained relatively constant within a given accuracy range based on the pre-set electrode force throughout the welding period.
  • the understanding of the "precision range” in the "given precision range” should be understood as comparing the actual output electrode force with a pre-set electrode force, which has a certain error range, and this error range is as small as possible.
  • the error range is known, ie "given".
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the integrated automatic microscopy apparatus of the present invention.
  • 201 is a two spot welder head mounted integrally, and the components of the precise electrode force pressurizing system are installed on the head frame of the two spot welding heads, and 202 is installed on the two spot welders.
  • the electrode force display unit on the handpiece belongs to two electrode force pre-setting devices in the precise electrode force pressing system, and 203 is the two independent horizontal clip welding head clips, which are exposed to the corresponding handpieces.
  • Installation 204 is a corresponding two parallel electrode welding heads mounted on two horizontal clamp welding head clamps, 205 is a cylinder of a compressed air power device of the automatic spot welding power device, and a welding power source is generated by the cylinder.
  • 206 is the two spot welding power sources
  • 207 is the output cable of the two spot welding power sources
  • the two spot welding power sources are respectively connected to two independent horizontal clip type welding head clips through a pair of output cables.
  • the automatic spot welding power device proposed by the present invention can be used as a compressed air power device according to an embodiment of the present invention, or can be a servo motor power device, a step motor power device, or the like, which can generate mechanical force to act. Those skilled in the art will be aware of this variation in similar devices for the welding force conducting structure. It is well known that compressed air power units, servo motor power units and stepper motor power units are also automatic spot welding power units. In the above automatic spot welding power unit, a known automatic spot welding control system or X-axis or Y is installed. The movable work slide of the shaft, the integrated electric resistance welding micro-welding device of the invention constitutes an automatic spot welding equipment.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of a precision electrode force pressurizing system spot welding machine head in two spot welding machine heads, and another precise electrode force pressing system has a symmetrical relationship with the former, so slightly.
  • the welding force transmission device and the precise electrode force presetting device in Fig. 3 will be described.
  • the rear end of the head frame 301 is fixed to the column 302, and the lower portion of the column is fixedly mounted on the table.
  • a small shaft 303, a middle shaft 304 and a sliding shaft 305 which are vertically mounted parallel to the column 302 are provided on the head frame 301; and a horizontally mounted central shaft clamp substantially perpendicular to the column 302 306 and slide shaft clamp 307.
  • One end of the center shaft clamp 306 is fastened to the middle shaft 304, and the other end of the center shaft clamp 306 is connected to a return spring 321 sleeved on the welding power transmission rod (or cable) 322 to receive external welding power.
  • One end of the return spring 321 is connected to the middle shaft clamp 306, and the other end is connected with the support member sleeved on the pull rod; one end of the slide shaft clamp 307 is fastly connected with the slide shaft 305, and the slide shaft 305 can be moved up and down by the welding force, and the middle shaft 304 is
  • the lower two sections are respectively provided with compression springs 308 and 309, and the sliding shaft clamp 307 is disposed through the central shaft 304. At the corresponding position where the sliding shaft clamp 307 is penetrated by the central shaft 304, the upper and lower end faces of the sliding shaft clamp 307 respectively abut or connect.
  • the compression springs 308, 309; the small shaft 303 is disposed through the middle shaft clamp 306 and the sliding shaft clamp 307 to allow the middle axle clamp 206 and the sliding axle clamp 207 to slide along the small shaft 203; in addition, the small shaft 303 is also divided into compression.
  • Fixed connection, parallel electrode horn is mounted on the horn clip 312, spot welding Source 313 via output cable clamp 314 connected to the electrode 312 by welding horn and mechanically connected to the welding head clamp 312.
  • the welding force transmission structure of the present invention includes the small shaft 303, the middle shaft 304, the center shaft clamp 306, and the slide shaft clamp 307 which realize a predetermined mounting structure;
  • the electrode force transmission structure of the present invention includes A sliding shaft 305 and a weld head clamp 312 of a given mounting structure are realized;
  • the welding force buffer structure of the present invention includes a first set of compression springs 308, 309 and a second set of compression springs respectively mounted on the central shaft 304 and the small shaft 303. 310, 311.
  • the small shaft 303 and the middle shaft 304 are guide shafts for welding (moving) force, and the middle shaft clamp 306 and the sliding shaft clamp 307 are conductors for welding force, and the small shaft 303 and slide are controlled from the functions realized by the respective components.
  • the shaft 305 is a guide shaft of the electrode force, and the horn clip 312 is a conductor of the electrode force.
  • the essence of the welding force buffering structure refers to a compression spring installed between the welding force conducting structure and the electrode force conducting structure, and the function thereof includes gently transmitting the welding force to the electrode force conducting structure and when When the welding force is broken, the welding force can still be maintained by the action of the compression spring, that is, by providing a structure for buffering torque transmission in the above torque transmission path, the force transmission is softer, that is,
  • the welding force buffer structure of the present invention is constructed.
  • the specific implementation manner of the welding force buffer structure can be various, for example, the embodiment can be improved, so that the welding force buffer structure retains only one set of spring combinations.
  • only one compression spring is disposed between the welding force conducting structure and the electrode force conducting structure (for example, a compression spring is disposed between the upper middle shaft clamp 306 and the middle sliding shaft clamp 307 of the small shaft 303, omitting the other three compression springs), As such, it belongs to the welding force buffer structure proposed by the present invention, and falls within the protection scope of the present invention.
  • the compression springs 308, 309 can be used as a buffering function as described above when they are built in the center shaft, but can be regarded as part of the welding force buffer structure, but viewed from another functional perspective. , which further functions as a follow-up structure required for the electrode force pre-setting process.
  • compression springs 308 and 309 are mounted on the upper and lower sections of the central shaft 304 to further form the electrode force pre-setting structure 315 of the present invention.
  • the present invention is in the head frame 301 in conjunction with the electrode force pre-setting structure 315.
  • the front end is provided with an electrode force circuit 316 connected to the electrode force display unit described above, and the electrode force presetting structure and the electrode force circuit constitute the precise electrode force presetting device of the present invention.
  • the elastic coefficients of the upper and lower compression springs 308 and 309 are fixed at the time of delivery, and the reaction force of the external force of the repelling force is also determined. Making full use of this characteristic is beneficial to determine the aforementioned “ Given the accuracy range, of course, if the given accuracy range is to be modified during use, it can be achieved by setting an adjustment screw at either end of the center shaft 304 to modify the extension state of the compression spring.
  • the precise electrode force presetting device includes an electrode force presetting structure and an electrode force circuit, and the electrode force presetting structure can be implemented by using a follower structure as shown in FIG.
  • the electrode force circuit is electrically connected to the spot welding power source.
  • the compression springs 308, 309 play a very ingenious role in the above embodiments, and can function as a welding force buffering structure and as an electrode force presetting structure. And according to the foregoing various variations examples disclosed in the welding force buffer structure and the electrode force pre-setting structure, the compression springs 308, 309 are not necessary implementations for the two structures, and may be in some embodiments. It is replaced, however, the use of compression springs 308, 309 can achieve both structures at the same time, which is obviously a better solution. Those skilled in the art should have a clear understanding of this.
  • the welding force breaking device comprises an electromagnet structure and an electromagnet circuit for driving the electromagnet structure
  • the electromagnet structure comprises an electromagnet and an adsorption iron block
  • the electromagnet and the adsorption iron block are respectively mounted on the fixing member of the spot welding machine head
  • the electromagnet circuit is electrically connected to the electrode force circuit of the precise electrode force presetting device.
  • the electromagnet structure When the electromagnet circuit is turned on, the electromagnet in the electromagnet structure is driven to adsorb the adsorbed iron block.
  • the electromagnet structure must have a reset member, and the reset member refers to a member that is returned to the original position by the adsorbed iron block adsorbed by the electromagnet when the electromagnet circuit is disconnected.
  • the reset member There may be various types of the reset member, and a known structure such as a tension spring, a permanent magnet having a polarity opposite to that of the electromagnet, etc., which can assist the reset of the adsorbed movable member, may be used, as those skilled in the art will be aware of, and will not be described.
  • Fig. 3 is a structural schematic view showing an electromagnet and an adsorbing iron block respectively mounted on a fixing member and a movable member of a spot welding machine head.
  • an electromagnet 317 is mounted on the upper frame of the head frame 301, and an adsorption iron block 318 is attached to the adsorption surface of the electromagnet, and a reset member 319 is attached to the upper ends of the center shaft 304 and the slide shaft 305.
  • the absorbing iron block 318 is connected to the reset member 319 via the pivot pin 320.
  • the middle shaft 304 belongs to the movable member, during the movement of the central shaft 304, once the adsorbed iron block thereon is adsorbed by the electromagnet, the central shaft 304 acts as a hindrance in the transfer of the welding force, thereby exerting a cutting effect.
  • the reset member 319 on the center shaft 304 is reset to force the external shaft 304 to be removed by the external force to be reset, and the normal force environment of the center shaft 304 is restored.
  • the present invention divides the structure of the spot welder head into a movable member and a fixed member, and is not limited to the understanding of the two parts of the upper frame and the centering shaft 304 of the head frame as in the prior art.
  • the movable member referred to in the present invention includes a movable member such as a middle shaft clamp, a middle shaft, a small shaft, a slide shaft clamp, a sliding shaft, etc.;
  • the fixing member includes a head frame and the like and the above A member that is fixed to the movable member.
  • Any fixed member or movable member can be designed to cooperate with the electromagnet and the attracting magnet and the reset member according to conventional design principles without being limited by the prior art.
  • the precise electrode force pressing system of the present invention comprises a welding force conducting structure, a welding force buffering structure, an electrode force conducting structure, an electromagnet structure, an electromagnet circuit, and an accurate electrode force.
  • the electromechanical pressure system consisting of a pre-set structure and an electrode force circuit, in the entire precise electrode force pressurization system, the electrode pre-setting structure plays a role of pre-defining the control effect of the electrode force through the spring structure thereof, and utilizes The electrode force display unit and the corresponding input button connected to the electrode force circuit set the quantized electrode force, and the electrode force circuit plays an important control role.
  • the input electrode and the electrode force display unit provided by the electrode force circuit are used to input the desired electrode force to be preset in a quantitative manner, and then During operation, the welding power source supplies a welding force to the welding force conductor.
  • the electrode force circuit When the electrode force circuit detects that the welding force reaches a preset value through its own detecting circuit, the electrode force circuit issues a command to the welding power source on the one hand, and the conduction point Welding the power source to further turn on the electrode to provide welding current for spot welding, and on the other hand, to issue an instruction to the electromagnet circuit to conduct the electromagnet to adsorb the adsorption iron block, and the electromagnet structure is to sway the welding force transmission structure Torque conduction is prevented to prevent excessive welding force from acting on the electrode.
  • the electrode force circuit in the precise electrode force presetting device pre-sets the required electrode force in a quantified form, and then the welding force is converted into an electrode force by the force transmitting device and conducted to the electrode for finalization.
  • the electrode force that produces the actual output is pre-constrained by the electrode force pre-setting structure in the precise electrode force presetting device during the torque transmission, and further advanced by the precise electrode force when the pre-set electrode force is reached.
  • the electrode force should be exactly the same as the preset electrode force to achieve the precise electrode force preset and effective effect. Due to the physical error, the product can be designed according to the given accuracy range at the time of shipment. In use, during the above process, the final actual output electrode force and the preset electrode force are always kept in the given size. Within the accuracy range, it is naturally also considered to achieve accurate electrode force control effects.
  • the welding consumables for electric resistance welding are generally less than 0.10 mm.
  • the present invention adopts a welding force swaying device which is not affected by the height difference of the weldment.
  • the prior art swaying is a structure using a stroke limit, such as the existing
  • the servo motor with the best technical accuracy has a limit of less than 0.01mm, but it can not meet the requirements of resistance welding micro-welding.
  • the reason is that the height difference of the workpiece to be welded is 0.03mm, which is very common.
  • the motor has no problem with the error of the workpiece by the stroke limit.
  • the invention triggers the working signal of the electromagnet at the same time by the trigger signal of the spot welding power source, so the sway of the invention is completely unaffected by the height difference of the weldment.
  • the electrode force circuit disconnects the spot welding current provided by the spot welding power source, and at the same time, instructs the welding force breaking device to return to the original state, that is, completes a spot welding process.
  • the working principle of the welding force buffer structure seems simple, but it is also an important component of the precise electrode force pressing system.
  • the entire spot welding period of resistance welding micro-welding must rely on the maintenance of the exact value of the electrode force and the relative force of the electrode force and the action time. Since the resistance welding spot welding process is completely closed and unobservable, the spot welding process It includes the coupling of electricity, heat, force and multivariate. These coupling effects are highly nonlinear.
  • the weldment is in the extremely short nucleation process after being thermally expanded and then softened and flattened. It is conceivable that if there is no welding force. When the buffer structure is maintained, the electrode force increases as the weldment expands.
  • the electromechanical integrated precision electrode force pressing system of the invention realizes the synergistic action and mutual constraint of the precise electrode force presetting device combined with the welding force swaying device and the welding force buffering structure, thereby realizing the electrode force during the entire spot welding period Maintaining and relatively constant in the preset range (given precision range) better solves the technical problem of resistance welding micro-welding.
  • Fig. 3 also shows the head frame of the spot welding machine of the present invention. In the present invention, some improvements are made to the head frame, and it is necessary to further explain the invention of the head frame.
  • the prior art head frame adopts a metal head frame.
  • the resistance spot welding has strict requirements on the verticality and radial swing of the welding head, otherwise welding is easy to occur during welding.
  • Destabilization or weld slippage is more difficult for the present invention because the present invention is often used for spot welding such as enamelled wires, which are generally cylindrical, which are easier to slip, and secondly
  • the invention mainly adopts single-sided welding with parallel gaps, and both electrodes are mounted on the same welding head clamp. Since the welding head clamp and the sliding shaft are made of metal, the welding head clamp and the sliding shaft of the nose frame must be added.
  • Insulation material spacing can be connected, which can easily affect the verticality of the welding head, especially if the user adjusts itself, the verticality of the welding head is beyond control. How to ensure the verticality of the welding head clamp and reduce the radial oscillation is further Important technical content to improve welding quality.
  • the inertia thinking is removed, and the original metal head frame is replaced by a plastic manufacturing head frame. Since the plastic head frame is produced by the mold, the machining precision is greatly improved, and the radial swing degree of the sliding shaft can be reduced, and more importantly, the plastic head frame can be used, and the connection between the sliding shaft and the welding head clip can be made of metal. Direct connection to metal without the need for insulation material spacing is of great practical importance for improving and ensuring the perpendicularity of the weld head clamp. Further, the use of the metal head frame also affects the adjustment of the spacing of the two welding head clips, so that the adjustable structure cannot be realized.
  • the invention adopts a plastic head frame, and since the sliding shaft and the welding head clip can be directly connected, it is no longer necessary to
  • the insulating material is spaced, and an adjustable screw can be arranged on the left and right sides and/or the front and rear sides of the joint portion of the welding head clip and the sliding shaft, so that the screw can be connected to the sliding shaft along the radial direction of the sliding shaft. Therefore, the interval between the two symmetrical welding head clips can be adjusted by the adjustable screw, and at the same time, the tightness of the connection between the welding head clip and the sliding shaft can be adjusted, thereby satisfying the different electronic components. A different adjustment of the lead contact spacing is required.
  • the present invention proposes the importance of the structure of the plastic head frame. It is necessary to know that the head frame can only be realized by the insulating material to realize the connection between the metal and the metal by the direct connection between the metal and the metal. The technical problem of adjustable gap of clip-on welding head clip.
  • 4 is an electrical block diagram of an inverter secondary rectification and filtering output power supply, wherein 401 is a three-phase rectifier bridge, 402 is an inverter bridge, 403 is a current sensor, 404 is a drive and control circuit, and 405 is a solder resist transformer. 406 is a high-power rectifier bridge, 407 is an output current acting on the weldment, and 408 is a filter inductor L.
  • the inverter-type secondary rectification and filtering output power source proposed by the invention has an output power of 5000 VA or less.
  • the inverter-type secondary rectification and filtering output power source 400 is provided with a filter inductor L408 at the output end of the resistance welding power source, and the filter inductor is The inductance value of L is 30–50 uH, the instantaneous response curve of the secondary current output is changed from the pulsation curve to the continuous smooth curve, thus achieving an energy output accuracy of ⁇ 1.0. J, at the same time meet the welding energy and the accuracy of the energy requirements of the hot-press resistance welding micro-welding equipment of the invention.
  • the electrical block diagram of the traditional inverter secondary rectification and filtering output power supply as shown in 401-407 in Fig. 4, when the output is low power, the secondary circuit of the resistance welding power supply is mainly resistive, and the inductance is small, resulting in The secondary current output fluctuates greatly, and the current output waveform is almost pulsating, so the energy output accuracy is difficult to control, and the welding of the micro workpiece is liable to melt the workpiece or the welding is not strong.
  • those skilled in the art mainly consider how to increase the inverter frequency.
  • the invention proposes that the filter inductor L is installed at the output end of the resistance welding power source, which increases the current loop loss, which can be said to be reverse thinking in the field, but for the low-power inverter resistance welding power source, from the action principle and the actual effect, The output of the current becomes very smooth.
  • the structure of the inverter-type secondary rectification and filtering output power supply of the invention is simple and easy, and an unexpected technical effect is received.
  • the welding head holder is substantially block-shaped and is attached to the head sliding shaft with respect to the operator in a transverse manner.
  • Resistance welding spot welding must ensure rapid and flexible pressure relief.
  • the structure of the return spring of the head helps to suppress the pressure, and the welding stroke is returned to the original position to enter the next welding operation. It is necessary to ensure that the pressurizing and depressurizing of the spot welding machine during the round-trip spot welding operation achieves a rapid and flexible effect, and whether the output cable on the welding head clamp affects the pressurization elimination except for the structure of the spot welding machine head Pressure is also crucial.
  • the electric resistance welding micro-welding adopts the method of low voltage and large current, the output cables are relatively large, generally above ⁇ 10mm, but for the convenience of operation, the welding head clips are required to be very small, and the width of the front end of the welding head clip is only about 30 mm.
  • the feedback line adopts the patented (ZL01114831.4) spot welding head clamp, which can not meet the requirements of rapid and flexible pressure reduction of spot welding, especially when welding small wire diameter workpieces, it is often unstable due to electrode force. Affecting the quality of welding, traditional techniques also have no satisfactory technical solutions or structures.
  • the spot welding head of the above-mentioned precise electrode force pressing system can only ensure that the electrode force is kept constant during the current welding. In order to achieve the same electrode force for each welding during continuous welding, it is necessary to further examine the installation.
  • the two output cables on the welding head clamp if the output cable installed on the welding head clamp affects the pressure and pressure of the electrode force, is also not conducive to providing accurate electrode force.
  • the prior art welding head clamp does not consider this. .
  • the present invention is intended to provide a horn clip that facilitates uniform welding of the electrode force of the solder. Since the spacing of the two pins (pads) of each electronic component is small and the pitch is small, the present invention is also intended to Two horizontal clip-on welding head clips are provided which are arranged side by side at the same horizontal position and whose gap is adjustable.
  • the welding head clamp can only be arranged in the same horizontal position by the two horizontal clip-type welding head clip structures of the present invention to meet the welding requirements of the two weldments with small spacing.
  • the conventional welding head clamp usually comprises a fixing portion and a movable portion.
  • the two parts can be opened and closed at ordinary times, and the fixing portion is locked with the sliding shaft of the machine head to achieve a fixed connection with the machine head, and the parallel electrode welding head is normally clamped.
  • the fixing portion is separated from the movable portion.
  • the fixing portion and the movable portion of the welding head clip are formed by sandwiching the left and right sides of the separating head, that is, being formed by being interposed on the left and right sides of the operator.
  • the line facing the front of the machine and connected to the front of the operator is longitudinal, that is, facing the operator, and the direction formed on the front and rear sides of the nose in front of the operator (the side close to the operator is forward, away from operation)
  • One side of the member is rearward;
  • the line connecting the eyes of the operator is the horizontal direction, that is, the direction in which the left and right sides of the nose (operator) are formed.
  • the nip formed by the fixing portion and the movable portion of the conventional welding head clip is parallel to the longitudinal direction and perpendicular to the transverse direction. Therefore, the conventional welding head clip is defined as a vertical clamping type welding head clip, which is different from this.
  • the nip formed by the fixed portion and the movable portion is parallel to the transverse clip-on horn clip.
  • the structure of the horizontal clip-type welding head clip proposed by the invention has the electrode interface disposed at the forward side end of the welding head clip, which is beneficial for exposing the welding piece and performing the welding operation; the invention also proposes the structure of the step-like welding head clip Stepped protrusions are respectively arranged at the top ends of the adjacent electrode interfaces of the movable part of the welding head clip and the fixed part of the welding head clip, and the two large output cables are mounted over the welding heads over the sliding shafts to realize spot welding.
  • the pressurization decompression is quick and flexible, which provides a guarantee for each welding electrode force to remain unchanged.
  • the present invention further encloses two feedback wires in the insulating jacket of the output cable, and the lead end is connected to the output cable lead end. And sharing the same end, not only reduces the two feedback lines in appearance, but also reduces the two terminals and the wiring screws on the welding head clamp. This structure also helps the pressure and pressure to be quickly and flexibly.
  • a horizontal clip-on welding head holder 500 of the present invention is processed into two welding head metal fixing materials 501 and a welding head holder movable portion 502, respectively, in the welding head clip fixing portion.
  • the 501 has a connecting hole 504 connected to the head sliding shaft 503.
  • the welding head clip fixing portion 501 is fastened to the head sliding shaft 503 through the connecting hole 504; the welding head clip movable portion 502 is placed in the lateral direction facing the operator.
  • the adjustable screw 505 and the plastic movable positioning tip 506 are assembled with the welding head clip fixing portion 501, so that the welding head clip movable portion 502 can be opened and closed with respect to the welding head clip fixing portion 501.
  • the movable portion 502 is normally locked with the fixing portion 501, and when the parallel electrode welding head needs to be replaced or installed, the adjustment screw 505 is operated. Since the cube-shaped head is substantially in the shape of a flat box, its flat thickness extends in parallel with the lateral direction of the operator's line of sight, and its vertical longitudinal extension is parallel and orthogonal to the lateral direction of the operator's line of sight. Set, and its horizontal longitudinal extension direction is perpendicular to the lateral direction of the operator's line of sight.
  • the sliding shaft 503 is opposite to the forward portion of the hot press head, and after the horizontal clip welding head holder 500 is mounted on the sliding shaft 503, the welding head is relative to the welding head holder 503 itself.
  • the clip fixing portion 501 is oppositely disposed at the rear portion, that is, relatively close to the rear direction of the hot press head, relatively far from the operator; and the weld head clip movable portion 502 is relatively disposed at the front end, that is, relatively close to the forward direction of the hot press head , closer to the operator.
  • the nip formed by the movable portion 502 and the fixed portion 501 is also placed transversely to the front of the hot press head, substantially parallel to the operator's eye connection.
  • the electrode interface is formed by a notch at a corresponding position of the movable portion 502 and the fixed portion 501. Therefore, when the electrode interface is provided with the parallel electrode horn, the movable portion 502 and the fixed portion 501 are connected to each other for parallel electrode welding.
  • One of the electrodes of the head, and the gap formed between the two electrodes of the parallel electrode horn, is also placed transversely in the forward direction of the hot press head. Therefore, the welding head clip of the present invention is defined as a horizontal clip type welding head clip, which is different from the conventional welding head holder. The effect is mainly reflected in the parallel electrode welding head being moved by the movable part and the fixed part respectively relative to the hot pressing machine. The head is sandwiched in the forward and backward directions.
  • the connecting hole 504 has a substantially rectangular structure, and each of the four sides of the rectangular shape is provided with a through fixing portion 501.
  • the horizontally disposed adjustable screw 507 can be locked inward by the adjustable screws 507 to lock the sliding shaft, and by adjusting the locking length of the different adjustable screws 507, the sliding shaft can be adjusted relative to the connecting hole 504.
  • the eccentric position so that the distance between the two welding head clips is adjustable, and since the welding head is clamped to the front body to sandwich the electrode interface, the replacement or installation of the electrode welding head is inevitably not between the welding head clip and the sliding shaft. The adjustment of the installation relationship constitutes a conflict.
  • an electrode interface 508 is provided at the forward side end between the horn clip fixing portion 501 and the horn holder movable portion 502, the front side end and the sliding shaft and the welding head clip
  • the connection holes 504 are far apart.
  • the electrode interface 508 is formed by the joint function of the horn clip fixing portion 501 and the horn clip moving portion 502. Specifically, a facing recess is disposed on each side of the side facing each other, and the two recesses are formed by a common fit. A through hole, thereby forming an electrode interface 508.
  • the present invention adopts a step-like design for the welding head clamp, and the structure is such that a step is respectively arranged at the top ends of the welding head fixing portion 501 and the welding head clamp movable portion 502 adjacent to the electrode interface 508.
  • the protruding portions 509, 510, the two output cables 511, 512 are mounted on the stepped protrusions through the cable ends, thereby electrically connecting the resistance welding power source and the step-like welding head clips, and the feedback lines 513, 514
  • the sleeve is sleeved in the insulating sleeve of the output cable and soldered on the cable end, and the parallel electrode horn 515 is mounted on the electrode interface 508, so that the two output cables and the feedback line cross the sliding shaft and are in a riding manner.
  • the top of the step-like welding head clamp is installed.
  • micro-welding has high requirements on the verticality and reliability of the welding head clamp installation.
  • the existing welding head clamp and machine have high requirements on the verticality and reliability of the welding head clamp installation.
  • connection of the head sliding shaft is fixed by 1-3 locking screws. This connection is only fixed by "point”. It is difficult to ensure the verticality of the welding head clip after the connection.
  • the welding head clamp fixing part proposed by the present invention The connection with the head slide shaft is a structure that is locked by a plurality of adjusting screws, forming a "face” “stereo” connection, thereby greatly improving the verticality and reliability of the joint head clip after the connection.
  • the output cable is installed on both sides of the welding head holder in the manner of patent (ZL011148314), and the connection of the output cable and the welding head clip may be reversed, offset upward or not offset, respectively. Since there will be a spring force when the output cable is bent, if the connection between the output cable and the welding head clip is shifted downward, the pressurization of the spot welding will be affected; and the connection of the output cable is shifted upward, which will affect the decompression. . Even if the installation of the output cable is not offset, since the output cable is placed behind the sliding shaft, the weight of the large output cable causes the rear cable to bend and pull the welding head, which affects the pressure suppression and affects the electrode force. Precise.
  • the welding head clamp of the invention installs the output cable over the sliding shaft on both sides of the welding head clamp, which not only ensures that the output cable is connected to the position of the welding head clamp in a substantially horizontal position without deviation (relative to the lead of the electric resistance welding power source) In terms of height), the influence of the elastic force of the cable bending deformation on the electrode force is reduced, and the sliding shaft is the main shaft of the welding force transmission structure, and the output cable is installed above the welding head clip on both sides of the sliding shaft, and can also be ensured
  • the cable and the welding head clamp are kept at the same level with each other, which greatly reduces the pulling force generated by the bending of the cable.
  • the sliding shaft drives the horizontal cable to make a short stroke with the welding head clamp.
  • the influence of the output cable on the electrode force is only the weight of the cable, the weight of the cable and the weight of the welding head clamp. In the same way, it can be overcome by the return spring of the handpiece, and thus has little effect on the electrode force.
  • the step-like welding head clamp in the figure is only one of the structures in which the output cable is mounted over the sliding shaft on both sides of the sliding shaft.
  • the stepped protrusion with the cable interface can be integrally processed with the same piece of metal that the welding head clip is not separated, and the stepped protrusion can also be sandwiched into two separate metal blocks with the welding head, and two small metals are processed separately.
  • the block gasket is below the cable end, and the output cable is connected to the front upper part of the welding head clip by fastening screws.
  • the two welding head clips are two welding head clips which are bilaterally symmetrical and the electrode interfaces are arranged side by side at the same horizontal position.
  • the two horizontal clip welding head clips 500A, 500B are the welding head clips arranged side by side at the same horizontal position, and the two electrode interfaces 503A, 503B are also arranged side by side at the same horizontal position, due to the circumference of the two square connecting holes 509A, 509B. Both are provided with adjustable locking twisting wires, so that only four adjustable sliding locks can be adjusted by fitting the connecting ends of the two sliding shafts to the square connecting holes 509A, 509B.
  • the screw can realize the adjustable displacement and elastic adjustment of the two horizontal clamp welding heads in the left and right direction, or the adjustable displacement in the front and rear direction and the elastic adjustment.
  • the integrated automatic micro-welding device of the invention is powered by the same automatic spot welding power device, and the two machine heads are synchronously spot-welded, and the structure is reliable, the control is precise, and the utility model has strong practical effects.

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Abstract

一体化自动显微焊接设备,通过安装成一体的二个点焊机机头(201)、在同一水平位置并排设置的二个横夹式焊头夹(203)、二个点焊电源(206)和自动点焊动力装置(205)实现对二个焊件同时进行自动焊接作业,并通过对二个平行电极焊头(204)的焊接参数独立调节以保证焊接的可靠性一致性;还通过对点焊机机头框架(301)的改进实现对在同一水平位置并排设置的二个横夹式焊头夹(203)的间隙可调,为电子元器件的生产制作提供了一种全新的自动焊接设备。

Description

一体化自动显微焊接设备 技术领域
本发明涉及焊接自动化,尤其涉及一种电阻焊显微焊接的一体化自动显微焊接设备。
背景技术
中国专利局于2002年12月4日公告的CN 1382557号专利,公开一种双焊头点焊机,主要针对焊头夹做出改进,目的在于优化焊接效果,而双焊头点焊机在理论上显然可以起到提高点焊效率的作用,但是,CN1382557号专利所揭示的双焊头点焊机无法对每个平行电极的电极力和焊接能量输出的各项电参数进行独立调节,因而,如何令双焊头点焊机既能提高点焊效率,又能得到更为精确的点焊效果,是业内亟待解决的问题之一。
具体而言,传统的电阻焊点焊设备都具有如下特点:一是以单个焊点进行点焊,由于大部分电子元器件都有两个引出接点需要点焊,因而,具有多个焊点的点焊机将能够提供更高的点焊效率;二,传统的电阻点时电极力的精度可达±10N,而实践中常用的电极力一般只需10N以下,所以传统技术所达到的电极力精度不能满足点焊要求。由此可见,点焊机是一种精密设备,具有多焊点的点焊机,由于其结构进一步复杂化,例如机头整体加重以及操作时动力加大等,其精度更难把握。
技术问题
本发明的目的在于提供一种对电子元器件二个引脚能同时焊接的一体化自动显微焊接设备。
技术解决方案
为了实现本发明的目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
本发明的一体化自动显微焊接设备,其包括组装成一体的二个点焊机机头、在同一水平位置并排设置的二个横夹式焊头夹、二个点焊电源以及自动点焊动力装置;
所述安装成一体的二个点焊机机头与所述的自动点焊动力装置连接,自动点焊动力装置用于向所述二个点焊机机头提供驱动该二个点焊机机头进行同步焊接的动力;
所述二个横夹式焊头夹分别与所述的二个点焊机机头连接,所述二个点焊机机头用于将所述自动点焊动力装置提供的动力对应地传导给二个横夹式焊头夹以便该二个横夹式焊头夹同步执行焊接;
所述二个横夹式焊头夹通过电缆分别与所述的二个点焊电源电性连接,所述二个横夹式点焊电源分别为所述二个焊头夹上的平行电极焊头供电。
有益效果
具体的,所述的横夹式焊头夹后部设置有与点焊机机头以孔轴安装相连接的连接孔,所述连接孔上配置有用于调节连接松紧程度和调节并排的二个横夹式焊头夹之间的间隙宽度的可调螺杆。
进一步,所述的横夹式焊头夹包括相对于机头呈前后向相夹设安装的焊头夹活动部和焊头夹固定部,在所述的焊头夹活动部和焊头夹固定部前向侧端设置有电极接口,平行电极焊头安装在所述的电极接口上。
较佳的,所述的横夹式焊头夹在对应所述电极接口的焊头夹固定部和活动部的顶端分别设置有阶梯样凸起部,所述点焊电源的二根电缆分别安装在所述的二个阶梯样凸起部上。
进一步,所述的点焊电源为逆变式次级整流滤波输出电源,所述的逆变式次级整流滤波输出电源的输出端安装有滤波电感,用于使次级电流输出的瞬间响应曲线由脉动曲线变为连续平稳的曲线。
较佳的,所述的点焊机机头包括机头框架和安装在机头框架上的焊接作用力传导装置、精确电极力预设定装置和焊接力掣断装置;
所述焊接作用力传导装置将焊接动力通过其力矩传导,把焊接力转化为电极力并传导至焊头夹;
所述精确电极力预设定装置提供可进行预设定量化电极力的设置,在其检测到电极力达到预设定的量值时,驱动点焊电源提供焊接电流;
所述的焊接力掣断装置在电极力达到预设定的量值时,阻断焊接力的力矩传导。
具体的,所述的焊接作用力传导装置包括焊接力传导结构、电极力传导结构和焊接力缓冲结构;
所述焊接力传导结构将焊接动力传导给所述电极力传导结构;所述的焊接力传导结构在焊接力导向轴的导引下通过焊接力传导体进行力矩传递;
所述电极力传导结构将其受力作为电极力传导给电极;所述的电极力传导结构在电极力导向轴的导引下通过横夹式焊头夹进行力矩传递;
所述焊接力缓冲结构用于为所述焊接力的传递过程提供缓冲作用;所述的焊接力缓冲结构包括至少一个作用于焊接力传导结构和电极力传导结构之间的压缩弹簧。
具体的,所述的精确电极力预设定装置包括电极力预设定结构和电极力电路;
所述的电极预设定结构采用追随结构或压力传感器结构,用于设置量化的电极力;
所述的电极力电路与相应的电阻焊电源电性连接以便电极力电路控制焊接电流的通断。
具体的,所述的焊接力掣断装置包括电磁铁结构和电磁铁电路;
所述的电磁铁结构包括电磁铁和吸附铁块;所述的电磁铁和吸附铁块分别安装在热压机头的固定构件和活动构件上;所述活动构件上设有使所述活动构件得以复位的复位元件;
所述的电磁铁电路分别与所述的电磁铁和电极力电路电性连接。
较佳的,所述的机头框架为塑料机头框架。安装在塑料机头框架的电极力导向轴与横夹式焊头夹之间的连接为金属与金属的直接连接。
与现有技术相比较,本发明的优点较为明显,具体表现在:
首先体现在其通过将两个机头有机的组装在一起,由同一自动点焊动力装置提供焊接动力源,由此实现两个机头在焊接时的同步联动,带动两个焊头夹同步地对两个焊点进行焊接;
其次,通过改进焊头夹的结构,使得其具有可调的功能,可以配合同步焊接操作,使两个焊头夹上的电极精确地与待焊接的电子元器件的两个引脚进行位置对准;
再者,结合精确电极力加压系统的精确点焊作用,使得整机的点焊精度提高,更适合双焊点精确焊接作业;
此外,由于两个焊头夹的松紧程度可调,因此可以通过调节两个焊头夹的松紧程度来微调最终各自输出的电极力,从而更有助于实现精确电极力输出的目的。
附图说明
图1是本发明一体化自动显微焊接设备的总体结构原理示意图。
图2是本发明一体化自动显微焊接设备的整体结构示意图。
图3是本发明安装成一体的二个点焊机机头中的任意一个的内部结构示意图,主要用于揭示所述的精确电极力加压系统的构造。
图4是本发明所采用的逆变式次级整流滤波输出电源的电气原理框图。
图5是本发明所采用的焊头夹的结构示意图,以上下并排的方式示出其侧视状态和俯视状态。
图6是本发明在同一水平位置并排设置的二个横夹式焊头夹的并排关系示意图。
本发明的最佳实施方式
本发明的实施方式
从整体结构,本发明可划分四部分,即安装成一体的二个点焊机机头、二个横置式横夹式焊头夹、点焊电源和自动点焊动力装置。点焊电源可以是两个点焊电源分别与二个横夹式焊头夹连接,也可以通过一个点焊电源的输出端分别与二个横夹式焊头夹连接,即两个横夹式焊头夹可以同不同的点焊电源供电,也可以由同一个点焊电源供电。由于点焊电源和自动点焊动力装置本身为本领域技术人员所掌握,故本发明不行赘述,而着重介绍安装成一体的二个点焊机机头、二个横夹式焊头夹二部分。
下面首先介绍安装成一体的二个点焊机机头部分。
为了便于充分理解本发明的内容,首先需要理解焊接力和电极力的原理与区别,以作为后续讨论的理论依据。此外,本发明还提出了“精确电极力预设定”和“精确电极力加压系统”两个概念,也一并予以前置介绍。
关于焊接力和电极力的区别:所谓焊接力,为带动相关中间机械构件和电极实施焊接操作的作用力,电极力为电极作用于焊件的作用力。焊接力驱动点焊机实施点焊作业,由一系列中间机械构件完成力矩传递后,最终作用到电极上,使电极以其电极力对焊件实施点焊,因而,相对而言,二者的区别在于焊接力的行程较电极力要长,焊接力的作用力较电极力要大。
精确电极力预设定:所谓电极力预设定是指为电极预设定其实际输出的电极力的大小,以便以该预设定的电极力导通电流实施点焊作业;而精确电极力预设定则是指以量化的形式对实际输出的电极力的大小进行预设定,并且确保实际输出的电极力与预设定的电极力在给定精度范围内保持一致,在该实际输出的电极力达到预设定量的瞬时导通电流实施点焊作业。
精确电极力加压系统:所谓电极力加压系统是指在点焊设备实施焊接的焊接时段提供电极力的相关结构的总称。而精确电极力加压系统则是确保其所提供的电极力,基于精确电极力预设定,而能满足预定的电阻焊显微焊接要求的相关结构的总称。精确电极力加压系统要求的基本效果是:在整个焊接时段,实际输出的电极力都在所述给定精度范围内维持并保持相对恒定。本发明后续提出的精确电极力加压系统,包括焊接作用力传导装置、精确电极力预设定装置和焊接力掣断装置,精确电极力加压系统通过机电一体化的协同作用、相互制约,实现在整个焊接时段,实际输出的电极力都在给定精度范围内维持并保持相对恒定。需要注意,此处“精确”一词其意指在给定精度范围内保持一致,因此,该术语的使用不应导致任何歧义。
下面结合附图1,简要说明本发明一体化自动显微焊接设备的总体结构框图。
图1示出本发明点焊设备的总体结构框架的同时,也示出了其结构原理,其中,包括点焊动力装置101、焊接力传导结构102a、102b、焊接力缓冲结构103a、103b、电极力传导结构104a、104b、精确电极力预设定装置105a、105b、焊接力掣断装置106a、106b、焊头夹和焊头107a、107b,以及被本发明的点焊设备施加电极力进行点焊的焊件108a、108b,此外,还包括点焊电源109a、109b。中实线箭头表征作用力(矩)传导关系,虚线箭头表征电流或电讯号传导关系;单箭头为单向作用,双箭头为双向作用。因此可知,图1主要是以力的作用关系与电的作用关系两条主线对本发明的点焊机加以描述。
根据图1可以知道,本发明的结构特点包括:一是本发明的一体化机头是以左右并排结构安装有精确电极力加压系统的二个点焊机机头,至于精确电极力加压系统的细节安装结构,一方面可以参阅本发明后续的实施例,另一方面则可由本领域技术人员参照本发明提供的实施例加以灵活实现;二是每个精确电极力加压系统的点焊机机头都要安装一个所述的横夹式焊头夹,两个横夹式焊头夹在同一水平位置上并排设置,同样是左右对称安装,每个焊头夹安装有一个平行电极焊头;三是两个精确电极力加压系统分别与两个点焊电源连接,每个点焊电源为一个相应的机头的精确电极力加压系统提供点焊电流;四是独立一个自动点焊设备动力装置分别与两个点焊机机头的焊接力传导结构连接,也即由同一自动焊接动力装置为两个点焊机机头提供焊接动力。所述的二个点焊机机头通过与同一自动焊接动力装置的连接而组成一体化的结构。根据上述的结构特点可知,本发明的点焊设备由同一焊接动力源驱动两个点焊机机头,作用于两个横夹式焊头夹,带动两个焊头同时分别对两个焊件进行点焊。作为两个在电控制方面相互独立的加压系统,可通过两个精确电极力加压系统分别对两个平行电极焊头进行点焊时的电极力和其它公知的电参数进行独立调节。
本发明的精确电极力加压系统的点焊机机头,如前所述,精确电极力加压系统包括焊接作用力传导装置、精确电极力预设定装置和焊接力掣断装置三部分,这三部分通过机电一体化的协同作用,相互制约,实现在整个焊接时段,实际输出的电极力都基于预设定的电极力,在给定精度范围内维持和保持相对恒定。对于“给定精度范围”中“精度范围”的理解,应理解为将实际输出的电极力与预设定的电极力相比较,其具有一个确定的误差范围,并且这个误差范围尽可能的小,该误差范围是已知的,也即“给定”的。而对于其中“给定”一词的理解,应理解为产品生产时即已经成形的,由物理结构固有的物理性能所限制的既有效果;或者,理解为在前述出厂的基础上,提供有调节机构,可由用户进行调节而进一步调整的效果。因此,所谓“给定精度范围”,在本发明的加压系统中,是明确无歧义的。
图2是本发明一体化自动显微焊接设备的立体图。
其中201为安装成一体的两个点焊机机头,精确电极力加压系统的各部件装设在该两个点焊机头的机头框架上,202为安装在该两个点焊机机头上的分别属于两个精确电极力加压系统内电极力预设定装置的电极力显示单元,203为所述的两个独立的横夹式焊头夹,外露于相应的机头而安装,204为安装在两个横夹式焊头夹上的相应的两个平行电极焊头,205为自动点焊动力装置所具有的压缩空气动力装置的气缸,由该气缸产生焊接动力源,206为所述的两个点焊电源,207为该两个点焊电源的输出电缆,两个点焊电源各通过一对输出电缆分别与两个独立的横夹式焊头夹连接。
有必要对图1中的标号101和图2中的标号205所指的自动点焊动力装置作说明。本发明提出的自动点焊动力装置既可以如本发明的实施例所提供的压缩空气动力装置,还可以是伺服电机动力装置、步进电机动力装置等任何已知的可以产生机械作用力以作用于所述焊接力传导结构的类似装置,本领域技术人员应当知晓此一变通。众所周知,压缩空气动力装置、伺服电机动力装置和步进电机动力装置也是自动点焊的动力装置,在上述的自动点焊动力装置再安装上已知的自动点焊的控制系统或X轴或Y轴的活动工作滑台,本发明的一体化电阻焊显微焊接设备就构成了自动点焊焊接设备。
下面通过一个精确电极力加压系统点焊机机头,说明安装成一体的二个点焊机机头的机头结构。
图3为安装成一体的二个点焊机机头中的一个精确电极力加压系统点焊机机头的结构示意图,另一精确电极力加压系统因与前者具有对称关系,故描述从略。下面对图3中的焊接作用力传导装置和精确电极力预设定装置作介绍。
图3中,机头框架301后端固定在立柱302上,立柱的下段则固定安装在工作台上。在机头框架301上设有与所述立柱302大致平行的、竖立安装的小轴303、中轴304以及滑轴305;还有与所述立柱302大致垂直的、横置安装的中轴夹306和滑轴夹307。中轴夹306的一端与中轴304紧固连接,中轴夹306的另一端与套设在焊接动力传导拉杆(或拉索)322上的复位弹簧321相连接以接受外部的焊接动力,该复位弹簧321一端连接中轴夹306,另一端连接套在拉杆上的支撑件;滑轴夹307的一端与滑轴305紧固连接,滑轴305可受焊接力作用上下活动,中轴304上、下两段分别设有压缩弹簧308、309,滑轴夹307被中轴304贯穿设置,在滑轴夹307被中轴304贯穿的对应位置处,滑轴夹307的上下端面分别抵触或连接所述压缩弹簧308、309;小轴303贯穿中轴夹306和滑轴夹307设置以允许中轴夹206与滑轴夹207沿小轴203滑动;此外,小轴303也分为设有压缩弹簧310、311的上、下两段,滑轴夹307被小轴303贯穿的对应位置处,其上下端面分别抵触或连接所述压缩弹簧310、311;滑轴305的下端与焊头夹312固定连接,平行电极焊头安装在焊头夹312上,点焊电源313借助输出电缆314通过焊头夹312与电极焊接相连接,并机械连接在焊头夹312上。
如图3的结构所示,本发明的焊接力传导结构包括实现了既定安装结构的所述小轴303、中轴304、中轴夹306、滑轴夹307;本发明的电极力传导结构包括实现了既定安装结构的滑轴305和焊头夹312;本发明的焊接力缓冲结构则包括分别安装在中轴304和小轴303上的第一组压缩弹簧308、309和第二组压缩弹簧310、311。从各部件所实现的功能而论,所述小轴303、中轴304为焊接(动)力的导向轴,中轴夹306和滑轴夹307为焊接力的传导体,小轴303、滑轴305是电极力的导向轴,焊头夹312为电极力的传导体。上述焊接力传导结构、电极力传导结构和焊接力缓冲结构三部分的构件及其有机构造,构成了本发明所述的焊接作用力传导装置。
有必要对焊接力缓冲结构进一步说明。从本实施例的结构可以知晓,焊接力缓冲结构的实质是指安装在焊接力传导结构和电极力传导结构之间的压缩弹簧,其作用包括把焊接力柔和地传递到电极力传导结构及当焊接力被掣断时,焊接力仍能在压缩弹簧的作用下随动维持,也就是说,通过在上述力矩传递路径中设置用于缓冲力矩传递的结构,使力的传递更为柔和,即构成本发明的焊接力缓冲结构。所以,基于本实施相同的原理,本领域技术人员应当知晓,焊接力缓冲结构的具体实现方式可以有多种多样,例如可以改进本实施例,使焊接力缓冲结构只保留其中一组弹簧组合,或者,在焊接力传导结构与电极力传导结构之间只设置一根压缩弹簧(如小轴303上部中轴夹306与中部滑轴夹307之间设置压缩弹簧,省略其它三个压缩弹簧),如此种种,均属于本发明提出的焊接力缓冲结构,落入本发明的保护范畴。
在图3的结构中,压缩弹簧308、309当其内置于中轴时,能起到如前所述的缓冲作用,可以视为焊接力缓冲结构的一部分,但是,从另一个功能视角来观察,则其进一步起到了电极力预设定过程所需的追随结构的作用。具体而言,在中轴304内上下两段安装有压缩弹簧308、309进一步形成了本发明的电极力预设定结构315,配合该电极力预设定结构315,本发明在机头框架301的前端安装有与前所述的电极力显示单元相连接的电极力电路316,该电极力预设定结构和电极力电路构成了本发明的精确电极力预设定装置。在电极力预设定结构中,上下两段压缩弹簧308、309在出厂时,其弹性系数既定,其回释力对外力的反作用也是既定的,充分利用这一特性便有利于确定前述的“给定精度范围”,当然,如要在使用过程中修改该给定精度范围,可以通过在中轴304任意一端设置调节螺钉以修改压缩弹簧的伸展状态来实现。
如前所述,精确电极力预设定装置包括电极力预设定结构和电极力电路,电极力预设定结构除了采用如图3所示的追随结构实现之外,还可以采用压力传感器结构实现,电极力电路则与点焊电源电性连接。
需要加以说明的是,所述的压缩弹簧308、309在上述实施例中起到非常巧妙的作用,其既可起到焊接力缓冲结构的作用,还起到电极力预设定结构的作用。并且依据前述关于焊接力缓冲结构和电极力预设定结构所揭示的多种变化实例来分析,压缩弹簧308、309对该两个结构而言均非必须的实现方式,可在某些实施例中被替代,然而,采用压缩弹簧308、309则可同时实现该两个结构,明显是更优的方案。本领域技术人员对此应有明确的认知。
下面再结合图3介绍本发明焊接力掣断装置的结构。
焊接力掣断装置包括电磁铁结构和用于驱动电磁铁结构工作的电磁铁电路,电磁铁结构包括电磁铁和吸附铁块,电磁铁和吸附铁块分别安装在点焊机机头的固定构件和活动构件上,电磁铁电路与精确电极力预设定装置的电极力电路电性连接。
电磁铁电路导通时,驱动电磁铁结构中的电磁铁对所述吸附铁块进行吸附。需要说明的是,为了实现工作循环,电磁铁结构必须具有复位构件,复位构件是指当电磁铁电路断开时,被电磁铁吸附的吸附铁块回复到原来位置的构件。有关复位构件可以多种,采用诸如拉伸弹簧、极性与电磁铁相反的永磁铁等可以协助被吸附的活动构件复位的公知构造即可,因为本领域技术人员所应知晓,恕不赘述。
附图3是电磁铁、吸附铁块分别安装在点焊机机头的固定构件和活动构件上的结构示意图。如图3中所示,在机头框架301的上边框安装有电磁铁317,邻近电磁铁的吸附面上安装有吸附铁块318,在中轴304和滑轴305的上端安装有复位构件319,吸附铁块318与复位构件319借助轴销320进行连接。
由于中轴304属于活动构件,中轴304在运动过程中,一旦其上的吸附铁块被电磁铁所吸附,中轴304便在焊接力传递过程中发挥阻碍作用,从而起到掣断效果。而一旦电磁铁电路断开,使电磁铁失磁,则中轴304上的复位构件319便复位而迫使中轴304所受外力撤除而复位,恢复中轴304的正常受力环境。
如前所述,本发明把点焊机机头的结构划分为活动构件和固定构件,并不局限于如前对机头框架的上边框和对中轴304这两个部件的理解,实际上,本领域技术人员可以由本发明的描述知晓,本发明所称的活动构件包括中轴夹、中轴、小轴、滑轴夹、滑轴等活动件;固定构件包括机头框架等相对与上述活动构件固定不动的构件。任何固定构件或活动构件,均可由本领域技术人员依据常规设计原理被设计成与所述的电磁铁和吸附磁铁以及复位元件相配合,而不受现有结构的限制。
有必要对本发明的精确电极力加压系统下述三点结构特征进行总结:
(1)机电一体化的结构特点:
根据精确电极力加压系统的总体设计,本发明所述的精确电极力加压系统包括了焊接力传导结构、焊接力缓冲结构、电极力传导结构、电磁铁结构、电磁铁电路,精确电极力预设定结构和电极力电路组成的机电一体化的加压系统,在整个精确电极力加压系统中,电极预设定结构通过其弹簧结构起到预先限定电极力的控制效果的作用,利用与电极力电路相连接的电极力显示单元和相应输入按键,设定量化的电极力,电极力电路便以此起到很重要的控制作用。当要对工件进行焊接时,首先在精确电极力预设定装置上,通过电极力电路提供的输入接口和电极力显示单元,以量化的方式输入欲预设定的所需的电极力,然后,作业时,焊接动力源向焊接力传导体提供焊接力,当电极力电路通过自身的检测电路检测到焊接力达到预设定值时,电极力电路一方面向焊接电源发出指令,导通点焊电源,以便进一步导通电极提供焊接电流进行点焊,另一方面还向电磁铁电路发出指令使电磁铁导通以吸附所述吸附铁块,电磁铁结构即对焊接力传导结构进行掣动,阻止力矩传导以阻止过大的焊接力作用于电极。由此可见,通过精确电极力预设定装置中的电极力电路以量化的形式预设定所需的电极力,然后由焊接作用力传导装置将焊接力转化为电极力并传导到电极以便最终产生实际输出的电极力,在力矩传输的过程中,受精确电极力预设定装置中的电极力预设定结构的预先制约,且在达到预设定电极力时,进一步受精确电极力预设定装置的电极力电路的控制,驱动所述焊接力掣断装置的电磁铁与吸附磁铁产生掣动效果,从而阻止电极力的继续增大,如不考虑物理误差,则此时实际输出的电极力应与预设定的电极力精确一致,达到精确电极力预设定并生效的效果。因考虑物理误差,则可在出厂时依照给定精度范围设计产品,使用时,上述过程中,最终实际输出的电极力与预设定的电极力两者之间在大小上始终保持在给定精度范围内,自然也可视为实现了精确的电极力控制效果。
(2)焊接力掣断装置的结构特征:
电阻焊显微焊接的焊件一般小于0.10mm,一方面本发明采用不受焊件高度差影响的焊接力掣动装置,现有技术的掣动都是采用行程限位的结构,比如现有技术掣动精度最好的伺服电机,其对行程限位精度小于0.01mm,但往往也不能满足电阻焊显微焊接的要求,原因在于被焊工件的高度差达0.03mm的情况十分普遍,伺服电机以行程限位对工件的误差毫无办法,本发明以点焊电源的触发信号同时触发电磁铁的工作讯号,因此本发明的掣动就完全不受焊件高度差的影响。当点焊操作完成之后,电极力电路断开点焊电源所提供的点焊电流,同时指令焊接力掣断装置恢复原状,即完成一次点焊过程。
(3)电极力缓冲结构的结构特征:
有关焊接力缓冲结构的作用原理看似简单,但也是精确电极力加压系统的重要构成。电阻焊显微焊接的整个点焊时段,都须要依靠精确数值的电极力的维持并且该电极力的大小和作用时间的相对恒定,由于电阻焊点焊过程处于完全封闭无法观测状态,点焊过程包括了电、热、力、多变量的耦合作用,这些耦合作用又是高度非线性,焊件处于先受热膨胀后又被软化压扁的极短的形核过程,可以设想,如果没有焊接力缓冲结构的随动维持,就会出现当焊件膨胀时电极力随之增加,当焊件被压扁时电极力随之减少,当焊接力被掣动时电极力随之消失。本发明机电一体化的精确电极力加压系统正是通过精确电极力预设定装置结合焊接力掣动装置和焊接力缓冲结构的协同作用、相互制约,实现在整个点焊时段,电极力都在预设定范围(给定精度范围)维持和相对恒定,较好地解决了电阻焊显微焊接的技术难题。
图3还示出了本发明点焊机的机头框架,本发明中对机头框架亦做出一些改进,有必要对机头框架的发明内容作进一步说明。
现有技术的机头框架都是采用金属机头框架,为了保证点焊的精确,电阻焊点焊对焊头的垂直度和径向摆动都有严格的要求,否则焊接时就很容易出现焊接失稳或焊件滑移,这方面对本发明来说难度更大,原因在于,一是本发明往往用于点焊如漆包线之类通常呈圆柱形的线材,这些线材更容易滑移,二是本发明主要采用平行间隙的单面焊,二个电极都安装在同一焊头夹上,由于焊头夹和滑轴都由金属制造,所以焊头夹与机头框架的滑轴之间须加绝缘材料间隔才能连接,这样就很容易影响焊头的垂直度,特别是如果用户自行调节,对焊头的垂直度更是无法控制,如何保证焊头夹的垂直度和减少径向摆动是进一步提高焊接质量的重要技术内容。
本发明中,摆脱惯性思维,以塑料制造机头框架,取代原先金属机头框架。由于塑料机头框架以模具生产,大大提高了加工精度,不但可以减小滑轴的径向摆动程度,更重要的是,采用塑料机头框架,滑轴与焊头夹的连接就可以以金属与金属进行直接连接,而不需要绝缘材料间隔,这对提高和保证焊头夹的垂直度具有十分重要的实际意义。进一步,采用金属机头框架还会影响两个焊头夹间距的调节,使其不能实现可调结构,本发明采用塑料机头框架,由于滑轴与焊头夹能够直接连接而不再需要以绝缘材料间隔,就可以在焊头夹与滑轴连接部的左右两侧和/或前后两侧设置可调螺杆,即可调螺杆沿滑轴的径向将焊头夹与滑轴相连接,由此可通过可调螺杆实现对两个对称焊头夹的间隔可调,与此同时也可实现对焊头夹与滑轴之间的连接的松紧程度的调节,从而满足对不同电子元件二个引出接点间隔不同的调节需要。
需要指出本发明提出塑料机头框架结构的重要性,需知机头框架只有以绝缘材料制造才能实现其与焊头夹之间的连接为以金属与金属间的直接连接,才能解决二个横夹式焊头夹间隙可调的技术难题。
下面结合附图4介绍本发明电阻焊电源部分的内容。
图4为本发明逆变式次级整流滤波输出电源的电气框图,其中401为三相整流桥,402为逆变桥、403为电流传感器、404为驱动及控制电路,405为阻焊变压器,406为大功率整流桥,407为输出电流作用于焊件,408为滤波电感L。
本发明提出的逆变式次级整流滤波输出电源为输出功率5000VA以下,如图4所示,逆变式次级整流滤波输出电源400通过在电阻焊电源的输出端安装滤波电感L408,滤波电感L的电感值在30–50 uH,使次级电流输出的瞬间响应曲线由脉动曲线变为连续平稳的曲线,因而实现能量输出精度±1.0 J,同时满足本发明热压电阻焊显微焊接设备对焊接能量和对能量精度的要求。
传统的逆变式次级整流滤波输出电源电气框图,如图4中的401-407所示,在以小功率输出时,电阻焊电源的次级回路主要呈阻性,电感量很小,造成次级电流输出波动很大,电流输出波形几乎呈脉动式,因而能量输出精度难以控制,在对微型工件的焊接很容易出现熔毁工件或焊接不牢。为了改变逆变电源脉动式的电流输出波形,本领域的技术人员主要考虑如何增加逆变频率,要大幅度增加逆变频率必然要改进阻焊变压器的设计及减少回路损耗,因而难度极大。本发明提出电阻焊电源的输出端安装滤波电感L,增加了电流回路损耗,这在本领域可以说是逆向思维,但对小功率的逆变式电阻焊电源,从作用原理和实际效果,其电流的输出变得十分平稳。本发明逆变式次级整流滤波输出电源的结构简单易行,收到令人意想不到的技术效果。
下面接着介绍本发明提出的横夹式焊头夹,焊头夹大致呈块状,其相对于操作员呈横置的方式安装于机头滑轴上。
首先需要了解有关焊头夹的背景技术。
电阻焊点焊必须保证加压消压迅速灵活。当完成一次焊接后,机头的复位弹簧等结构有助于消压,使焊接行程回复原位,以便进入下一次焊接操作。要保证点焊机进行这种往返的点焊操作时的加压、消压达到迅速灵活的效果,除了点焊机机头的结构外,对于在焊头夹上的输出电缆是否影响加压消压也至关重要。由于电阻焊显微焊接采用低电压大电流的方式,输出电缆都比较粗大,一般都在φ10mm以上,但为了便于操作,焊头夹又要求十分小巧,焊头夹前端的宽度只有约30mm左右。另外为了保证输出能量的精确,还需要在靠近二个电极的焊头夹上安装二根反馈线采集反馈信号,要在一个不大的焊头夹上安装二根粗大的输出电缆和安装二根反馈线,采用专利(ZL01114831.4)的点电焊焊头夹,不能满足对点焊加压消压迅速灵活的要求,特别是在焊接小线径工件时,往往会因电极力的不稳定而影响焊接质量,传统技术同样也没有满意的技术方案或结构。
上述的精确电极力加压系统的点焊机头只能保证在当次焊接时电极力保持恒定,为了实现在连续焊接时每一次焊接的电极力也要保持不变,就有必要进一步审视安装在焊头夹上的二根输出电缆,如果安装在焊头夹上的输出电缆影响电极力的加压消压,也不利于提供精确的电极力,现有技术的焊头夹对此没有进行考虑。
本发明有意于提供一种有利于使焊接的电极力保持均匀一致的焊头夹,由于每个电子元器件二个引脚(焊点)的间距不一且间距很小,本发明也有意于提供在同一水平位置并排设置、间隙可调的二个横夹式焊头夹。
在这里首先要说明焊头夹只能以本发明在同一水平位置并排设置的二个横夹式焊头夹结构才能满足二个焊件间距很小的焊接要求。
传统的焊头夹通常包括一个固定部和一个活动部,两部分平时可开合安装,由固定部与机头的滑轴相锁紧实现与机头的固定连接,平时夹持平行电极焊头,在需要更换、安装平行电极焊头时,将固定部与活动部相分离。这种焊头夹的固定部和活动部是分居机头的左、右相夹设成形的,也即分居于操作员的左、右两侧相夹设形成。以机头面向并连至操作员正面的连线为纵向,即面对操作员,与操作员前方的机头前、后两侧形成的方向(靠近操作员的一侧为前向,远离操作员的一侧为后向);以操作员双眼的连线为横向,即机头(操作员)左、右两侧连线形成的方向。传统的焊头夹的固定部与活动部所形成的夹缝便是平行于该纵向而垂直于该横向的,因而,传统的这种焊头夹被定义为纵夹式焊头夹,不同于本发明中使固定部与活动部形成的夹缝平行于该横向的横夹式焊头夹。
本发明提出的横夹式焊头夹的结构,把电极接口设置在焊头夹的前向侧端,有利于暴露焊件和进行焊接作业;本发明还提出阶梯样焊头夹的结构,通过在焊头夹活动部和焊头夹固定部的毗邻电极接口的顶端分别设置有阶梯样凸起,把二根粗大的输出电缆越过滑轴两侧骑跨在焊头夹上方安装,实现点焊加压消压迅速灵活,为每一次焊接电极力都能保持不变提供了保证;另外,本发明还进一步把二条反馈线套在输出电缆的绝缘外套内,其引出端与输出电缆引出端连接并共用同一端头,不但在外观上减少了二根反馈线,在焊头夹上又减少了二个接线端头及接线螺丝,该结构也有助于加压消压的迅速灵活。
下面结合附图5作进一步说明。
如图5所示,本发明一种横夹式焊头夹500由二块导电性能良好的铜金属材料分别加工成焊头夹固定部501和焊头夹活动部502,在焊头夹固定部501上有与机头滑轴503相连接的连接孔504,焊头夹固定部501通过该连接孔504紧固在机头滑轴503上;焊头夹活动部502置于面向操作者的横向前端处,通过可调螺杆505和塑料活动定位梢506与焊头夹固定部501相夹设组装,使焊头夹活动部502相对于焊头夹固定部501可作前后向的开合运动,平时将该活动部502与固定部501相锁紧,需要更换或安装平行电极焊头时则通过调节可调螺杆505进行操作。由于呈立方体的机头大致呈扁平盒体状,其扁平的厚度延伸方向与操作员视线的横向相平行设置,其竖直的纵长延伸方向与操作员的视线的横向呈相平行而正交设置,而其水平的纵长延伸方向与操作员的视线的横向呈相垂直设置,在该水平的纵长延伸方向上,靠近操作员的一侧为其前向,远离操作员的一侧为其后向,而滑轴503相对置于热压机头的前向部分,横夹式焊头夹500安装在滑轴503上之后,相对于焊头夹503自身而言,所述的焊头夹固定部501相对置于后部,即相对靠近热压机头的后向,相对远离操作者;而所述焊头夹活动部502相对置于前端,即相对靠近热压机头的前向,更接近操作者。由此,由活动部502和固定部501所构成的夹缝也就横置于热压机头的前向,大致平行于操作员的双眼连线。所述的电极接口,在活动部502与固定部501的相应位置各设凹口进行对接形成,因此,当电极接口夹设平行电极焊头时,活动部502与固定部501各连接平行电极焊头的一个电极,而平行电极焊头的两个电极之间形成的隔缝,也同理横置于热压机头的前向。由此,将本发明焊头夹定义为横夹式焊头夹,其区别于传统焊头夹之处,在效果上主要体现在平行电极焊头被活动部和固定部分别相对于热压机头呈前后向相向夹设。
为了使焊头夹固定部501与机头滑轴的固定能够实现左右方向可调,如前所述,连接孔504大致呈长方形结构,在长方形的四个侧边各设置有贯穿固定部501的横向设置的可调螺丝507,通过各可调螺丝507向内攻紧,可锁紧滑轴,而通过调节不同可调螺丝507的锁入的长度,则可调节滑轴相对于连接孔504的偏心位置,从而实现两个焊头夹间距可调,而由于焊头夹于前身横置夹设电极接口,故更换或安装电极焊头时也必然不会与焊头夹和滑轴之间的安装关系的调节构成冲突。为了便于暴露焊件和进行焊接作业,在焊头夹固定部501和焊头夹活动部502之间的前向侧端设置电极接口508,该前侧端与所述滑轴与焊头夹的连接孔504相远离。电极接口508的形成,由焊头夹固定部501和焊头夹活动部502共同配合实现,具体是在彼此相向安装的侧边上各设置一相向凹口,通过两个凹口的共同配合构成一通孔,由此形成电极接口508。
为了保证每一次焊接作业电极力都均匀一致,本发明对焊头夹采用阶梯样设计,其结构为在毗邻电极接口508的焊头固定部501和焊头夹活动部502的顶端分别设置有阶梯样凸起部509、510,二根输出电缆511、512通过电缆端头安装在上述的阶梯样凸起部上,实现电阻焊电源与阶梯样焊头夹的电性连接,反馈线513、514一并套在输出电缆的绝缘套管内,并焊接在电缆端头上,平行电极焊头515安装在电极接口508上,这样二根输出电缆和反馈线就越过滑轴两则以骑跨方式在阶梯样焊头夹顶端安装。
需要说明,显微焊接对焊头夹安装的垂直度和可靠性要求很高,现有的焊头夹与机
头滑轴的连接都是采用以1-3个锁定螺丝连接固定,这种连接只是通过以“点”固定,很难保证连接后焊头夹的垂直度,本发明提出的焊头夹固定部与机头滑轴的连接为采用多个调节螺钉进行锁紧的结构,形成“面”的“立体”的连接,因而对连接后焊头夹的垂直度和可靠性有大大改善的作用。
下面分析本发明与专利号(ZL011148314)的点焊机焊头夹的不同结构,在进行点焊时输出电缆对电极力的影响。
以专利(ZL011148314)的方式把输出电缆安装在焊头夹的两侧,输出电缆与焊头夹的连接分别会出现向下偏移、向上偏移或没有偏移的三种情况。由于输出电缆弯曲时肯定会有一个的弹力,如果输出电缆与焊头夹的连接向下偏移,就会影响点焊的加压;而输出电缆的连接向上偏移,就会影响其消压。即使是输出电缆的安装没有偏移,由于输出电缆置于滑轴的后面,粗大的输出电缆的自重使后段电缆出现弯曲和对焊头产生牵拉,进而影响加压消压和影响电极力的精确。
本发明的焊头夹是把输出电缆越过滑轴两侧在焊头夹上方安装,不但保证了输出电缆连接在焊头夹的位置是没有偏移的大致水平位置(相对于电阻焊电源的引线高度而言),减少了电缆弯曲变形的弹力对电极力的影响,而且,滑轴为焊接作用力传导结构的主轴,输出电缆越过滑轴的两侧安装在焊头夹的上方,还可保证该段电缆与焊头夹彼此保持在同一水平走向,大大减少电缆弯曲所产生牵拉力。在进行焊接操作时,滑轴带动在水平方向的电缆与焊头夹一起做很短行程的往返运动,输出电缆对电极力的影响只剩下电缆的自重,电缆的自重和焊头夹的自重一样,都可以被机头的复位弹簧所克服,因而对电极力产生的影响很小。
需要指出的是,图中的阶梯样焊头夹只是实施输出电缆越过滑轴两侧骑跨在焊头夹上方安装的结构之一。具电缆接口的阶梯凸起部既可以与焊头夹为不分离的同一块金属整体加工而成,阶梯凸起部也可以与焊头夹为二块分离的金属块,另外加工二个小金属块衬垫在电缆端头的下方,再以紧固螺丝把输出电缆连接在焊头夹的前上方,这些结构属于阶梯样焊头夹的等同结构,属于把输出电缆越过滑轴两侧骑跨在焊头夹上方安装的等同结构。
所述的二个焊头夹为左右对称的、电极接口在同一水平位置并排设置的二个焊头夹。
下面再结合图6对在同一水平位置并排设置的二个焊头夹进行说明。
二个横夹式焊头夹500A、500B为在同一水平位置并排设置的焊头夹,二个电极接口503A、503B也因此在同一水平位置并排设置,由于二个方形连接孔509A、509B的四周都设置有可调的锁紧镙丝,这样只要把所述的二根滑轴的连接端做成与方形连接孔509A、509B相适配方形端头,即可通过调节4个可调锁紧螺丝,实现对二个横夹式焊头夹在左右方向上的位移可调和松紧可调,或在前后方向的位移可调和松紧可调。
综上所述,本发明的一体化自动显微焊接设备,由同一自动点焊动力装置提供动力,传动两个机头进行同步点焊,其结构可靠,控制精密,具有较强的实用效果。
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  1. 一种一体化自动显微焊接设备,其特征在于: 所述的一体化自动显微焊接设备包括组装成一体的二个点焊机机头、在同一水平位置并排设置的二个横夹式焊头夹、二个点焊电源以及自动点焊动力装置;
    所述安装成一体的二个点焊机机头与所述的自动点焊动力装置连接,自动点焊动力装置用于向所述二个点焊机机头提供驱动该二个点焊机机头进行同步焊接的动力; 所述二个横夹式焊头夹分别与所述的二个点焊机机头连接,所述二个点焊机机头用于将所述自动点焊动力装置提供的动力对应地传导给二个横夹式焊头夹以便该二个横夹式焊头夹同步执行焊接; 所述二个横夹式焊头夹通过电缆分别与所述的二个点焊电源电性连接,所述二个点焊电源分别为所述二个横夹式焊头夹上的平行电极焊头供电。
  2. 据权利要求1所述的一体化自动显微焊接设备,其特征在于: 所述的横夹式焊头夹后部设置有与点焊机机头以孔轴安装相连接的连接孔,所述连接孔上配置有用于调节连接松紧程度和调节并排的二个横夹式焊头夹之间的间隙宽度的可调螺杆。
  3. 据权利要求1所述的一体化自动显微焊接设备,其特征在于: 所述的横夹式焊头夹包括相对于机头呈前后向相夹设安装的焊头夹活动部和焊头夹固定部,在所述的焊头夹活动部和焊头夹固定部前向侧端设置有电极接口,平行电极焊头安装在所述的电极接口上。
  4. 据权利要求3所述的一体化自动显微焊接设备,其特征在于: 所述的横夹式焊头夹在对应所述电极接口的焊头夹固定部和活动部的顶端分别设置有阶梯样凸起部,所述点焊电源的二根电缆分别安装在所述的二个阶梯样凸起部上。
  5. 据权利要求1所述的一体化自动显微焊接设备,其特征在于: 所述的点焊电源为逆变式次级整流滤波输出电源,所述的逆变式次级整流滤波输出电源的输出端安装有滤波电感,用于使次级电流输出的瞬间响应曲线由脉动曲线变为连续平稳的曲线。
  6. 据权利要求1至5中任意一项所述的一体化自动显微焊接设备,其特征在于: 所述的点焊机机头包括机头框架和安装在机头框架上的焊接作用力传导装置、精确电极力预设定装置和焊接力掣断装置;
    所述焊接作用力传导装置将焊接动力通过其力矩传导,把焊接力转化为电极力并传导至焊头夹; 所述精确电极力预设定装置提供可进行预设定量化电极力的设置,在其检测到电极力达到预设定的量值时,驱动点焊电源提供焊接电流; 所述的焊接力掣断装置在电极力达到预设定的量值时,阻断焊接力的力矩传导。
  7. 据权利要求6所述的一体化自动显微焊接设备,其特征在于, 所述的焊接作用力传导装置包括焊接力传导结构、电极力传导结构和焊接力缓冲结构; 所述焊接力传导结构将焊接动力传导给所述电极力传导结构;所述的焊接力传导结构在焊接力导向轴的导引下通过焊接力传导体进行力矩传递; 所述电极力传导结构将其受力作为电极力传导给电极;所述的电极力传导结构在电极力导向轴的导引下通过横夹式焊头夹进行力矩传递; 所述焊接力缓冲结构用于为所述焊接力的传递过程提供缓冲作用;所述的焊接力缓冲结构包括至少一个作用于焊接力传导结构和电极力传导结构之间的压缩弹簧。
  8. 据权利要求7所述的一体化自动显微焊接设备,其特征在于: 所述的精确电极力预设定装置包括电极力预设定结构和电极力电路; 所述的电极预设定结构采用追随结构或压力传感器结构,用于设置量化的电极力; 所述的电极力电路与相应的电阻焊电源电性连接以便电极力电路控制焊接电流的通断。
  9. 据权利要求8所述的一体化自动显微焊接设备,其特征在于: 所述的焊接力掣断装置包括电磁铁结构和电磁铁电路; 所述的电磁铁结构包括电磁铁和吸附铁块;所述的电磁铁和吸附铁块分别安装在热压机头的固定构件和活动构件上;所述活动构件上设有使所述活动构件得以复位的复位元件; 所述的电磁铁电路分别与所述的电磁铁和电极力电路电性连接。
  10. 据权利要求7所述的一体化自动显微焊接设备,其特征在于: 所述的机头框架为塑料机头框架。
  11. 据权利要求10所述的一体化自动显微焊接设备,其特征在于: 安装在塑料机头框架的电极力导向轴与横夹式焊头夹之间的连接为金属与金属的直接连接。
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