WO2015052839A1 - 風計測ライダ装置 - Google Patents
風計測ライダ装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015052839A1 WO2015052839A1 PCT/JP2013/077793 JP2013077793W WO2015052839A1 WO 2015052839 A1 WO2015052839 A1 WO 2015052839A1 JP 2013077793 W JP2013077793 W JP 2013077793W WO 2015052839 A1 WO2015052839 A1 WO 2015052839A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
- G01S17/50—Systems of measurement based on relative movement of target
- G01S17/58—Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
- G01P5/26—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring the direct influence of the streaming fluid on the properties of a detecting optical wave
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S17/95—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/483—Details of pulse systems
- G01S7/486—Receivers
- G01S7/487—Extracting wanted echo signals, e.g. pulse detection
- G01S7/4876—Extracting wanted echo signals, e.g. pulse detection by removing unwanted signals
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/497—Means for monitoring or calibrating
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a wind measurement lidar apparatus capable of accurately measuring noise during laser light oscillation.
- a signal spectrum obtained without irradiating laser light is stored in advance as a noise spectrum. Then, the frequency spectrum of the noise spectrum is subtracted from the signal spectrum obtained in the state where the laser beam is irradiated, and further, offset correction is performed to detect the frequency peak position of the signal spectrum and obtain the frequency shift amount. Yes.
- the present invention has been made in order to solve the above-described problems, and is capable of performing noise correction including the effect of shot noise caused by laser light and capable of measuring wind speed without correction error.
- the purpose is to provide.
- the wind measurement lidar apparatus includes an output unit that outputs laser light, a transmission / reception unit that irradiates the laser light output from the output unit into the atmosphere and receives scattered light with respect to the laser light, and an output unit. Heterodyne detection is performed on the output laser light and the light obtained via the transmission / reception unit, a reception signal acquisition unit for obtaining a reception signal, a control unit for controlling the transmission / reception unit, and the control unit outputs laser light.
- the storage unit that stores the reception signal obtained by the reception signal acquisition unit as a noise signal and the controller is controlled to irradiate the laser beam into the atmosphere.
- the noise signal stored in the storage unit is differentiated in the frequency domain, and the difference result by the frequency difference unit Zui it is obtained by a wind velocity measuring unit for measuring the wind speed.
- noise correction including the effect of shot noise caused by laser light can be performed, and wind speed measurement can be performed without correction error.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a wind measuring lidar apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the wind measurement lidar apparatus includes a light source 1, an optical distributor 2, a pulse modulator 3, an optical circulator 4, an optical switch 5, a plurality of optical antennas 6, an optical coupler 7, an optical receiver 8, and an analog.
- a digital converter hereinafter referred to as A / D converter
- FFT device fast Fourier analysis device
- noise spectrum difference device 11 a frequency shift analysis device 12
- wind speed calculation device 13 a wind speed calculation device
- the light source 1 outputs continuous wave light (laser light) having a single frequency. Laser light from the light source 1 is output to the light distributor 2.
- the light distributor 2 distributes two laser beams from the light source 1. One of the two laser beams distributed by the optical distributor 2 is output to the pulse modulator 3 and the other is output to the optical coupler 7.
- the pulse modulator 3 gives a predetermined frequency shift to the laser light from the optical distributor 2 and further applies pulse modulation (pulses with a modulation signal having a predetermined pulse width and repetition period). .
- the laser light pulse-modulated by the pulse modulator 3 is output to the optical circulator 4.
- the optical circulator 4 switches the output destination according to the light input source.
- the optical circulator 4 outputs the laser light from the pulse modulator 3 to the optical switch 5, and outputs the light from the optical switch 5 side to the optical coupler 7.
- the optical switch 5 has a channel connected to each optical antenna 6 and a channel to which the optical antenna 6 is not connected.
- the optical switch 5 switches the output destination according to a control signal from the outside, and the pulse modulator 3 via the optical circulator 4. Is output to the output destination.
- the channel to which the optical antenna 6 is not connected has its output end face shielded, and when the channel is selected as the output destination, the laser beam is not irradiated into the atmosphere.
- the optical antenna 6 irradiates the laser light from the optical switch 5 into the atmosphere and collects the scattered light from the aerosol with respect to the laser light.
- the scattered light collected by the optical antenna 6 is output to the optical coupler 7 via the optical switch 5 and the optical circulator 4.
- Each optical antenna 6 is fixed in a predetermined direction, and the irradiation direction of the laser beam can be switched by switching the output optical antenna 6 by the optical switch 5.
- the optical coupler 7 multiplexes the laser light from the optical distributor 2 and the light from the optical switch 5 side via the optical circulator 4.
- the optical signal combined by the optical coupler 7 is output to the optical receiver 8.
- the optical coupler 7 is added to the scattered light collected by the optical antenna 6.
- the scattered light inside the apparatus and the reflected light at the output end face with respect to the laser light are input.
- the optical switch 5 selects a channel to which the optical antenna 6 is not connected as an output destination of the laser light
- the optical coupler 7 sends scattered light inside the apparatus to the laser light or reflected light at the output end face. Only entered.
- the optical receiver 8 converts the optical signal from the optical coupler 7 into an electrical signal by performing heterodyne detection.
- the electrical signal converted by the optical receiver 8 is output to the A / D converter 9.
- the A / D converter 9 performs A / D conversion on the electrical signal from the optical receiver 8.
- the electric signal A / D converted by the A / D converter 9 is output to the FFT apparatus 10.
- the FFT device 10 performs frequency analysis on the electrical signal from the A / D converter 9 to obtain a signal spectrum.
- the signal spectrum obtained by the FFT device 10 is output to the noise spectrum difference device 11.
- the noise spectrum difference device 11 includes a noise spectrum storage unit 111 and a frequency difference unit 112.
- the noise spectrum storage unit 111 records in advance the signal spectrum obtained by the FFT apparatus 10 when the channel to which the optical antenna 6 is not connected is selected as the laser beam output destination by the optical switch 5 as a noise spectrum. It is.
- the frequency difference unit 112 stores the signal spectrum obtained by the FFT apparatus 10 in the noise spectrum storage unit 111 when the optical switch 5 selects a channel to which the predetermined optical antenna 6 is connected as the laser beam output destination.
- the obtained noise spectrum is subtracted in the frequency domain.
- the signal spectrum after the noise correction by the noise spectrum difference device 11 (frequency difference unit 112) is output to the frequency analysis device 12.
- the frequency shift analysis device 12 converts the signal spectrum after noise correction from the noise spectrum difference device 11 into a linear region, calculates a peak frequency by centroid calculation processing, and calculates a frequency shift amount. The amount of frequency shift calculated by the frequency shift analyzer 12 is notified to the wind speed calculator 13.
- the wind speed calculation device 13 calculates a wind speed value based on the frequency shift amount from the frequency shift analysis device 12. The wind speed value calculated by the wind speed calculation device 13 is notified to the outside.
- the light source 1 and the pulse modulator 3 correspond to the “output unit that outputs laser light” of the present invention.
- the optical antenna 6 corresponds to the “transmission / reception unit that irradiates the laser beam output from the output unit to the atmosphere and receives the scattered light with respect to the laser beam” of the present invention.
- the optical receiver 8, the A / D converter 9 and the FFT device 10 perform the heterodyne detection on the laser light output from the output unit and the light obtained through the transmission / reception unit of the present invention, and receive it. This corresponds to a “received signal acquisition unit for obtaining a signal”.
- the optical switch 5 corresponds to a “control unit that controls the transmission / reception unit” of the present invention.
- the noise spectrum storage unit 111 of the present invention “the received signal obtained by the received signal acquisition unit when the control unit is controlled not to irradiate the atmosphere while the laser beam is output, as a noise signal. It corresponds to a “storage unit for storing”.
- the frequency difference unit 112 of the present invention “the noise signal stored in the storage unit from the reception signal obtained by the reception signal acquisition unit when the control unit is controlled to irradiate laser light into the atmosphere.
- the frequency shift analysis device 12 and the wind speed calculation device 13 correspond to the “wind speed measurement unit that measures the wind speed value based on the difference result by the frequency difference unit” of the present invention.
- the light source 1 outputs continuous wave light (laser light) having a single frequency
- the light distributor 2 distributes the laser light into two to distribute the pulse modulator 3 and the light. Output to the coupler 7.
- the pulse modulator 3 gives a predetermined frequency shift to the laser light from the optical distributor 2 and further applies pulse modulation.
- the laser light pulse-modulated by the pulse modulator 3 is output to the optical switch 5 via the optical circulator 4.
- the optical switch 5 selects a channel to which the optical antenna 6 is not connected as an output destination of the laser light from the pulse modulator 3 in accordance with an external control signal, and outputs the laser light to the output destination. Thereby, the laser beam is not irradiated into the atmosphere, and the scattered light is not collected by the optical antenna 6.
- the optical coupler 7 combines the laser light from the optical distributor 2 and the light from the optical switch 5 side via the optical circulator 4 (scattered light inside the apparatus and reflected light at the output end face with respect to the laser light). And output to the optical receiver 8.
- the optical receiver 8 performs heterodyne detection on the optical signal from the optical coupler 7 and converts it into an electrical signal.
- the A / D converter 9 performs A / D conversion of the received signal from the optical receiver 8, and the FFT device 10 performs FFT processing on this electric signal to obtain a signal spectrum.
- the noise spectrum storage unit 111 of the noise spectrum difference device 11 stores the signal spectrum from the FFT device 10 as a noise spectrum.
- the signal spectrum obtained when the optical switch 5 selects the channel to which the optical antenna 6 is not connected as the laser beam output destination is recorded in advance as a noise spectrum.
- the noise spectrum recorded in advance may be measured with a time resolution corresponding to one shot of laser light, or may be measured by integrating n times.
- FIG. 2A shows a noise spectrum at a long distance
- FIG. 2B shows a noise spectrum at a short distance.
- the noise spectrum can be accurately measured by obtaining the signal spectrum in a state where the laser beam is output but controlled so as not to irradiate it into the atmosphere.
- the light source 1 outputs continuous wave light (laser light) having a single frequency
- the optical distributor 2 distributes the laser light into two
- the pulse modulator 3 gives a predetermined frequency shift to the laser light from the optical distributor 2 and further applies pulse modulation.
- the laser light pulse-modulated by the pulse modulator 3 is output to the optical switch 5 via the optical circulator 4.
- the optical switch 5 selects a channel to which a predetermined optical antenna 6 is connected as an output destination of the laser light from the pulse modulator 3 in accordance with an external control signal, and outputs the laser light to the output destination. Thereby, the laser beam is irradiated from the optical antenna 6 in a predetermined direction in the atmosphere.
- the laser light irradiated into the atmosphere is scattered by a scatterer such as aerosol floating in the atmosphere, and this scattered light is collected by the optical antenna 6.
- the scattered light is output to the optical coupler 7 via the optical switch 5 and the optical circulator 4.
- the optical coupler 7 receives the laser light from the optical distributor 2 and the light from the optical switch 5 via the optical circulator 4 (scattered light, scattered light inside the apparatus with respect to the laser light and reflected light at the output end face). Are combined and output to the optical receiver 8.
- a scatterer such as aerosol moves on the wind, a Doppler shift frequency corresponding to the wind speed is generated in the scattered light.
- the optical receiver 8 performs heterodyne detection on the optical signal from the optical coupler 7 and converts it into an electrical signal.
- the frequency of the electric signal has the same value as the Doppler frequency shift corresponding to the wind speed.
- the A / D converter 9 performs A / D conversion of the received signal from the optical receiver 8, and the FFT device 10 performs FFT processing on this electric signal to obtain a signal spectrum.
- the frequency difference unit 112 of the noise spectrum difference device 11 subtracts the noise spectrum stored in the noise spectrum storage unit 111 from the signal spectrum from the FFT device 10 in the frequency domain.
- the signal spectrum after the noise correction by the frequency difference unit 112 is output to the frequency shift analyzer 12.
- FIG. 3 shows an example of a noise spectrum, a signal spectrum obtained when laser light is irradiated into the atmosphere, and a signal spectrum after noise correction.
- (a) shows each spectrum at a long distance
- (b) shows each spectrum at a short distance.
- the noise spectrum is differentiated from the signal spectrum by the noise spectrum difference device 11
- the “shape” of the noise spectrum is corrected, and a signal spectrum in which an offset is superimposed on the relative intensity of 0 dB can be obtained.
- the calculation can be performed without being affected by the noise level fluctuation.
- the frequency shift analysis device 12 converts the signal spectrum after noise correction from the noise spectrum difference device 11 into a linear region, calculates a peak frequency by centroid calculation processing, and calculates a frequency shift amount. Then, the wind speed calculation device 13 calculates a wind speed value from this frequency shift amount.
- an offset correction device may be connected to the subsequent stage of the noise spectrum difference device 11, and the offset correction may be performed by converting the signal spectrum after noise correction into the linear region by the offset correction device.
- the offset correction apparatus first, an approximate peak frequency position is calculated by applying a correlation filter having a signal spectrum shape to the signal spectrum converted into the linear region. Then, an offset amount is calculated at a frequency position sufficiently away from the peak frequency position, and this offset amount is subtracted from the signal spectrum. As a result, an offset-corrected signal spectrum is obtained.
- an offset correction device is added, it is not necessary for the frequency shift analysis device 12 to convert the signal spectrum to the linear region.
- the pulse modulator 3 gives a predetermined frequency shift to the laser light from the optical distributor 2 and further applies pulse modulation.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the pulse modulator 3 applies only pulse modulation to the laser light from the optical distributor 2, and between the optical distributor 2 and the optical coupler 7, An acoustooptic device or the like that gives a predetermined frequency shift to the laser light may be inserted.
- the laser irradiation is performed. Since the noise level is measured in a state in which is turned on, noise correction including the effect of shot noise by laser light can be performed, and wind speed measurement can be performed without correction error.
- FIG. 1 shows a configuration using the optical switch 5 as the control unit of the wind measuring lidar apparatus according to the present invention.
- the configuration is not limited to this, and for example, a configuration as shown in FIGS.
- FIG. 4 shows a configuration in which the shutter 5b is used as a control unit and the laser beam is shielded by the shutter 5b when a noise spectrum is acquired.
- the scanner 5c and the shielding plate 5d are used as the control unit, and when scanning the laser beam with the scanner 5c, one direction is covered with the shielding plate 5d, and a noise spectrum is obtained at the portion covered with the shielding plate 5d. It is configured.
- FIG. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a configuration of a wind measuring lidar apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- the wind measurement lidar apparatus according to the second embodiment shown in FIG. 6 is obtained by adding a distance origin calibration device 14 to the wind measurement lidar apparatus according to the first embodiment shown in FIG.
- Other configurations are the same, and the same reference numerals are given and description thereof is omitted.
- the A / D converter 9 and the distance origin calibration device 14 and the distance origin calibration device 14 and the wind speed calculation device 13 are connected by an electric circuit such as an electric signal cable.
- the distance origin calibration device 14 uses the electrical signal obtained by the A / D converter 9 when the channel to which the optical antenna 6 is not connected as the laser beam output destination is selected by the optical switch 5 as the distance value origin. It is to calibrate.
- the distance value is normally a control signal input to the pulse modulator 3 as a trigger signal.
- the offset signal with respect to the trigger signal is used as the wind speed calculation device so that the signal from the output end face of the channel to which the optical antenna 6 is not connected is used as the distance value origin. 13 is output. Then, the wind speed calculation device 13 calculates the wind speed value with respect to the distance value origin calibrated by the distance value origin calibration device 14 based on the frequency shift amount from the frequency shift analysis device 12.
- the distance origin calibration device 14 is the distance value of the received signal obtained by the received signal acquisition unit when the control unit is controlled not to irradiate the laser beam while being output by the control unit.
- the distance origin calibration device 14 corresponds to a “distance origin calibration unit that calibrates as the origin”.
- the electric signal obtained by controlling the laser beam to be emitted so as not to be irradiated into the atmosphere is calibrated as the distance value origin, and the distance value origin is corrected. Since the wind velocity value is measured, the optical path length after assembling the apparatus can be automatically corrected. Further, even when the optical path length changes due to temperature or the like, it can be automatically corrected.
- the present invention is not limited to this configuration, and the distance origin calibration device 14 is added to the configuration using, for example, the shutter 5b shown in FIG. 4 or the configuration using the scanner 5c and the shielding plate 5d shown in FIG. It may be.
- FIG. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a configuration of a wind measurement lidar apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- the wind measurement lidar apparatus according to the third embodiment shown in FIG. 8 is obtained by adding an abnormality detection device 15 to the wind measurement lidar apparatus according to the first embodiment shown in FIG.
- Other configurations are the same, and the same reference numerals are given and description thereof is omitted.
- the noise spectrum difference device 11 and the abnormality detection device 15, and the abnormality detection device 15 and the frequency shift analysis device 12 are connected by an electric circuit such as an electric signal cable.
- the abnormality detection device 15 uses the signal spectrum obtained by the noise spectrum difference device 11 when the optical switch 5 selects a channel to which the optical antenna 6 is not connected as the laser beam output destination.
- the transmission power and spectrum (spectrum width) of the laser light are monitored, and the validity of the received signal when the scattered light is received using the laser light is detected. If it is determined that the received signal is valid, the spectrum width is stored and output to the frequency shift calculation device 12.
- FIG. 9B is a diagram showing an example of a method for confirming the spectrum width. In FIG. 9B, the peak frequency is detected by the peak search by the correlation filter, and the spectrum width is detected by the centroid calculation or fitting.
- a transmission power abnormality can be assumed to be a decrease in the output of the light source 1
- a spectrum width abnormality can be assumed to be a decrease in the output of the light source 1 or noise.
- the frequency shift analysis device 12 does not process the received signal by the corresponding laser beam, and sets an abnormal value for notifying the observer of the abnormality. Output.
- the anomaly detection device 15 of the present invention is based on the laser signal from the received signal obtained by the received signal acquisition unit when the control unit is controlled not to irradiate the atmosphere while the laser beam is output. It corresponds to an “abnormality detection unit that monitors the transmission power and spectrum of light and determines the anomaly detection or the validity of the received signal by the laser light”.
- the transmission power and spectrum of the laser beam are monitored from the received signal obtained by controlling the laser beam to be output but not irradiated to the atmosphere. Since it is configured to determine the validity of an abnormality detection or the received signal by the laser beam, it is possible to determine the validity of the acquired data by analyzing the peak value of the reflected light from the output end face of the laser beam Become. Further, by analyzing the data, abnormality detection of the light source 1 and various optical components can be performed.
- the present invention is not limited to this configuration, and the abnormality detection device 15 is added to the configuration using, for example, the shutter 5b shown in FIG. 4 or the configuration using the scanner 5c and the shielding plate 5d shown in FIG. May be.
- the wind measurement lidar apparatus In the wind measurement lidar apparatus according to the first to third embodiments, the case where an optical fiber is used as an optical circuit has been described.
- the wind measurement lidar apparatus may be configured by an optical circuit in spatial propagation.
- the invention of the present application can be freely combined with each embodiment, modified with any component in each embodiment, or omitted with any component in each embodiment. .
- the wind measurement lidar apparatus can perform noise correction including the effect of shot noise caused by laser light, can perform wind speed measurement without a correction error, and is suitable for use in a wind measurement lidar apparatus or the like. .
Abstract
Description
実施の形態1.
図1はこの発明の実施の形態1に係る風計測ライダ装置の構成を示す図である。
風計測ライダ装置は、図1に示すように、光源1、光分配機2、パルス変調器3、光サーキュレータ4、光スイッチ5、複数の光アンテナ6、光カプラ7、光受信機8、アナログ-ディジタル変換器(以下、A/D変換器と称す)9、高速フーリエ解析装置(以下、FFT装置と称す)10、雑音スペクトル差分装置11、周波数シフト解析装置12及び風速演算装置13から構成されている。
また、光受信機8とA/D変換器9との間、A/D変換器9とFFT装置10との間、FFT装置10と雑音スペクトル差分装置11との間、雑音スペクトル差分装置11と周波数シフト解析装置12との間、周波数シフト解析装置12と風速演算装置13との間は、電気信号ケーブルのような電気回路により接続されている。
光分配機2は、光源1からのレーザ光を2分配するものである。この光分配機2により2分配されたレーザ光は、一方がパルス変調器3に出力され、もう一方が光カプラ7に出力される。
ここで、光スイッチ5によりレーザ光の出力先として所定の光アンテナ6が接続されたチャンネルが選択された場合には、光カプラ7には、当該光アンテナ6により集光された散乱光に加え、レーザ光に対する装置内部の散乱光や出力端面での反射光が入力される。一方、光スイッチ5によりレーザ光の出力先として光アンテナ6が接続されていないチャンネルが選択された場合には、光カプラ7には、レーザ光に対する装置内部の散乱光や出力端面での反射光のみが入力される。
雑音スペクトル記憶部111は、光スイッチ5によりレーザ光の出力先として光アンテナ6が接続されていないチャネルが選択された場合においてFFT装置10により得られた信号スペクトルを、雑音スペクトルとして予め記録するものである。
周波数差分部112は、光スイッチ5によりレーザ光の出力先として所定の光アンテナ6が接続されたチャンネルが選択された場合においてFFT装置10により得られた信号スペクトルから、雑音スペクトル記憶部111に記憶された雑音スペクトルを、周波数領域で差分するものである。
この雑音スペクトル差分装置11(周波数差分部112)による雑音補正後の信号スペクトルは周波数解析装置12に出力される。
また、光アンテナ6は、本発明の「出力部により出力されたレーザ光を大気中に照射し、当該レーザ光に対する散乱光を受光する送受信部」に相当する。
また、光受信機8、A/D変換器9及びFFT装置10は、本発明の「出力部により出力されたレーザ光及び送受信部を介して得られた光に対してヘテロダイン検波を行い、受信信号を得る受信信号取得部」に相当する。
また、光スイッチ5は、本発明の「送受信部を制御する制御部」に相当する。
また、雑音スペクトル記憶部111は、本発明の「制御部によりレーザ光が出力されつつも大気中には照射しないよう制御された場合において受信信号取得部により得られた受信信号を、雑音信号として記憶する記憶部」に相当する。
また、周波数差分部112は、本発明の「制御部によりレーザ光を大気中に照射するよう制御された場合において受信信号取得部により得られた受信信号から、記憶部に記憶された雑音信号を、周波数領域で差分する周波数差分部」に相当する。
また、周波数シフト解析装置12及び風速演算装置13は、本発明の「周波数差分部による差分結果に基づいて、風速値を計測する風速計測部」に相当する。
風計測ライダ装置による雑音スペクトルの計測では、まず、光源1は単一周波数からなる連続波光(レーザ光)を出力し、光分配機2はこのレーザ光を2分配してパルス変調器3及び光カプラ7に出力する。
次いで、光カプラ7は、光分配機2からのレーザ光と光サーキュレータ4を介した光スイッチ5側からの光(レーザ光に対する装置内部の散乱光や出力端面での反射光)とを合波し、光受信機8に出力する。
次いで、A/D変換器9は、光受信機8からの受信信号のA/D変換を行い、FFT装置10はこの電気信号に対してFFT処理を行い、信号スペクトルを求める。
なお、予め記録する雑音スペクトルは、レーザ光1ショットに相当する時間分解能で計測してもよいし、n回積算して計測してもよい。
風計測ライダ装置による風速計測では、まず、光源1は単一周波数からなる連続波光(レーザ光)を出力し、光分配機2はこのレーザ光を2分配してパルス変調器3及び光カプラ7に出力する。
次いで、光カプラ7は、光分配機2からのレーザ光と光サーキュレータ4を介した光スイッチ5側からの光(散乱光と、レーザ光に対する装置内部の散乱光や出力端面での反射光)とを合波し、光受信機8に出力する。このとき、エアロゾル等の散乱体が風に乗って移動しているため、散乱光には風速に相当するドップラーシフト周波数が生じている。
次いで、A/D変換器9は、光受信機8からの受信信号のA/D変換を行い、FFT装置10はこの電気信号に対してFFT処理を行い、信号スペクトルを求める。
この場合、オフセット補正装置では、まず、線形領域に変換した信号スペクトルに対して信号スペクトル形状の相関フィルタをかけて、おおよそのピーク周波数位置を算出する。そして、そのピーク周波数位置から十分離れた周波数位置においてオフセット量を算出し、このオフセット量を信号スペクトルから差分する。これにより、オフセット補正された信号スペクトルを得る。なお、オフセット補正装置を追加した場合には、周波数シフト解析装置12において信号スペクトルを線形領域に変換する必要はない。
図6はこの発明の実施の形態2に係る風計測ライダ装置の構成を示す図である。この図6に示す実施の形態2に係る風計測ライダ装置は、図1に示す実施の形態1に係る風計測ライダ装置に距離原点校正装置14を追加したものである。その他の構成は同様であり、同一の符号を付してその説明を省略する。
なお図6において、A/D変換器9と距離原点校正装置14との間、距離原点校正装置14と風速演算装置13との間は、電気信号ケーブルのような電気回路により接続されている。
そして、風速演算装置13は、周波数シフト解析装置12からの周波数シフト量に基づいて、距離値原点校正装置14により校正された距離値原点に対する風速値を算出する。
図8はこの発明の実施の形態3に係る風計測ライダ装置の構成を示す図である。この図8に示す実施の形態3に係る風計測ライダ装置は、図1に示す実施の形態1に係る風計測ライダ装置に異常検出装置15を追加したものである。その他の構成は同様であり、同一の符号を付してその説明を省略する。
なお図8において、雑音スペクトル差分装置11と異常検出装置15との間、異常検出装置15と周波数シフト解析装置12との間は、電気信号ケーブルのような電気回路により接続されている。
なお、図9(b)はスペクトル幅の確認手法の一例を示す図である。図9(b)では、相関フィルタによるピークサーチによりピーク周波数を検出し、重心演算やフィッティング等によりスペクトル幅を検出している。
Claims (3)
- レーザ光を出力する出力部と、
前記出力部により出力されたレーザ光を大気中に照射し、当該レーザ光に対する散乱光を受光する送受信部と、
前記出力部により出力されたレーザ光及び前記送受信部を介して得られた光に対してヘテロダイン検波を行い、受信信号を得る受信信号取得部と、
前記送受信部を制御する制御部と、
前記制御部によりレーザ光が出力されつつも大気中には照射しないよう制御された場合において前記受信信号取得部により得られた受信信号を、雑音信号として記憶する記憶部と、
前記制御部によりレーザ光を大気中に照射するよう制御された場合において前記受信信号取得部により得られた受信信号から、前記記憶部に記憶された雑音信号を、周波数領域で差分する周波数差分部と、
前記周波数差分部による差分結果に基づいて、風速値を計測する風速計測部と
を備えた風計測ライダ装置。 - 前記制御部によりレーザ光が出力されつつも大気中には照射しないよう制御された場合において前記受信信号取得部により得られた受信信号を距離値原点として校正する距離原点校正部を備え、
前記風速計測部は、前記距離原点校正部により校正された距離値原点に対する風速値を計測する
ことを特徴とする請求項1記載の風計測ライダ装置。 - 前記制御部によりレーザ光が出力されつつも大気中には照射しないよう制御された場合において前記受信信号取得部により得られた受信信号から、当該レーザ光の送信パワー及びスペクトルをモニタし、異常検出又は当該レーザ光による受信信号の有効性を判断する異常検出部を備えた
ことを特徴とする請求項1記載の風計測ライダ装置。
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