WO2015032328A1 - 茚满衍生物及其制备方法和在医药上的应用 - Google Patents

茚满衍生物及其制备方法和在医药上的应用 Download PDF

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WO2015032328A1
WO2015032328A1 PCT/CN2014/085848 CN2014085848W WO2015032328A1 WO 2015032328 A1 WO2015032328 A1 WO 2015032328A1 CN 2014085848 W CN2014085848 W CN 2014085848W WO 2015032328 A1 WO2015032328 A1 WO 2015032328A1
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group
salt
alkyl
pharmaceutically acceptable
compound
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French (fr)
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张晨
何平
魏用刚
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四川海思科制药有限公司
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Publication of WO2015032328A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015032328A1/zh

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/185Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
    • A61K31/19Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
    • A61K31/192Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having aromatic groups, e.g. sulindac, 2-aryl-propionic acids, ethacrynic acid 
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/335Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
    • A61K31/34Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having five-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. isosorbide
    • A61K31/341Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having five-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. isosorbide not condensed with another ring, e.g. ranitidine, furosemide, bufetolol, muscarine
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K45/00Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
    • A61K45/06Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P13/00Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
    • A61P13/12Drugs for disorders of the urinary system of the kidneys
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/04Anorexiants; Antiobesity agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/06Antihyperlipidemics
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/08Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
    • A61P3/10Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/10Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C317/00Sulfones; Sulfoxides
    • C07C317/16Sulfones; Sulfoxides having sulfone or sulfoxide groups and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C317/18Sulfones; Sulfoxides having sulfone or sulfoxide groups and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton with sulfone or sulfoxide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D307/00Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D307/02Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
    • C07D307/04Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D307/18Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D307/20Oxygen atoms
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2602/00Systems containing two condensed rings
    • C07C2602/02Systems containing two condensed rings the rings having only two atoms in common
    • C07C2602/04One of the condensed rings being a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C2602/08One of the condensed rings being a six-membered aromatic ring the other ring being five-membered, e.g. indane

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an indan derivative, a preparation method thereof and a medicine application thereof, in particular to a novel indane derivative having a G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) receptor function regulating function or a stereoscopic thereof Isomers, hydrates, solvates, metabolites, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, eutectic or prodrugs, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and their use in medicine.
  • GPR40 G protein-coupled receptor 40
  • Type II diabetes is the most common type of diabetes, mainly in adulthood, mainly due to insufficient insulin secretion or insulin resistance (ie, the body tissue can not effectively respond to endogenous insulin), genetic and environmental factors can be Causes insulin resistance.
  • hypoglycemic agents currently approved for marketing include sulfonylureas, biguanides, thiazolidinediones (TZDs), alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, amylin analogues, dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors (DPP- IV), sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors and the like.
  • these hypoglycemic agents have side effects such as hypoglycemia, weight gain, cardiovascular risk, and genitourinary tract infections (Vinod S. Deshmukh et al. (2013). International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 2, 4-11), These side effects further increase the burden on diabetic patients, and therefore, it is necessary to develop a new generation of hypoglycemic agents with novel mechanisms of action.
  • G-protein coupled receptor 40 is a novel target with hypoglycemic potential and is highly expressed in islet beta cells.
  • GPR40 also known as fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1), is a membrane receptor belonging to the homologous G protein-coupled receptor superfamily and is highly conserved among many species. G protein-coupled receptors have 7 transmembrane structures, can sense extracellular signals, activate intracellular signal transduction pathways, and ultimately cause cellular responses. GPR40 can be activated by medium long-chain free fatty acids (FFAs) (Itoh Y et al ( 2003). Nature, 422, 173-176).
  • FFAs medium long-chain free fatty acids
  • FFAs are also an important signaling molecule that promotes insulin secretion, a function that is primarily achieved through GPR40. FFAs interact with GPR40 to increase Ca 2+ flux through PLC or L-type Ca 2+ channel signaling pathways in islet beta cells, which in turn cause cellular responses (Fujiwara et al. (2005). Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 289, E670 -E677). Studies have shown that in animal models, agonistic GPR40 is effective in lowering blood glucose; in clinical trials, short-term and long-term treatment with GPR40 agonists promotes glucose-induced insulin secretion and increases glucose tolerance (K Nagasumi et al. (2009) .Diabetes, 58, 1067-1076), and since GPR40 promotes insulin secretion only in the case of high levels of blood glucose, the risk of hypoglycemia is low.
  • Fasiglifam hemihydrates (TAK-875) is a GPR40 agonist that has now entered Phase III clinical and proven effective Agent. Studies have shown that in the animal model of diabetes, fasiglifam hemihydrate (TAK-875) promotes insulin secretion and can effectively control blood glucose, but does not promote insulin secretion in normal rats (Tsujihata Y et al. (2010). Diabetes, 59, A165); in clinical trials, fasiglifam hemihydrates (TAK-875) also showed significant hypoglycemic effects with a lower risk of hypoglycemia (T. Araki et al. (2012). Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 14, 271-278 ). Other GPR40 agonists have also been developed, such as JTT-851, LY-2881835 and the like.
  • GPR40 is a safe and feasible new target for oral hypoglycemic agents.
  • the development of GPR40 agonists has important research value and application prospects.
  • Several research literatures related to GPR40 agonists are currently published.
  • WO2007106469 describes bicyclic carboxylic acid derivatives which are useful as therapeutic metabolic disorders and have the following structural formula:
  • A is selected from aryl or heteroaryl
  • B is a 5-7 membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring
  • R 1 is selected from halogen, cyano, C1-C6 alkyl, -OH, or C1-C6 alkoxy
  • R 2 is selected from halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, -OH, or C1-C6 alkoxy
  • n is selected from 0, 1 or 2
  • p is selected from 0, 1 or 2
  • q is selected from 0, 1 or 2.
  • a keto group O
  • R a and Ra' are independently selected from H or C1-C4 alkyl.
  • CN102421739 describes a carboxylic acid compound of a GPR40 agonist having the structural formula:
  • L is O or NH
  • R 1 is H or lower alkyl
  • X is 1,2-phenylene or -ZC(R 2 )(R 3 )-
  • Z is O or CH 2
  • R 2 and R 3 is integrated into a C 2-7 alkylene group which may be substituted
  • R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 and R 9 are the same or different from each other, and are H, halogen, lower alkane which may be substituted a group or -O- (lower alkyl group which may be substituted)
  • CN101616913 describes a fused ring compound which can function as an insulin secretion promoting agent and a GPR40 receptor function regulating effect of a preventive and/or therapeutic drug for diabetes, and has the following structural formula:
  • R 1 is selected from -S0 2 -R 6
  • R 6 is selected from C 1-6 alkyl or optionally substituted 1,1-dioxotetrahydrothiopyranyl
  • X is selected from a bond or a divalent hydrocarbon group.
  • R 2 and R 3 are selected from H, a halogen atom, a substituted hydrocarbon group or a substituted hydroxyl group
  • R 4 and R 5 are selected from a C 1-6 alkyl group substituted by a hydroxyl group
  • A is selected from a benzene ring
  • B is selected from A 5- to 7-membered ring
  • Y is selected from a bond or CH 2
  • R is selected from a hydroxyl group.
  • Ar is optionally a cyclic group of a substituent, and is not substituted by a 4-piperidinyl group
  • B is optionally a ring of a substituent, and is not substituted by a thiazole or an oxazole
  • W is selected from a bond or a C 1-6 alkyl group
  • X, Xa is selected from CH or N
  • Y is selected from O or CR 6 R 7
  • R 1 And R 1a is selected from H, halogen, C 1-6 alkyl or C 1-6 alkoxy
  • R 2 is selected from H, C 1-6 alkyl or optionally substituted acyl
  • R 3 and R 4 are selected from H or halogen
  • R 5 is selected from substituted hydroxy or substituted amine groups, and the compounds specifically described in U.S. Patent No. 7,876,165 are not considered
  • the present invention provides a novel class of compounds of the formula (I) which have been shown to exhibit excellent pharmacodynamic activity as GPR40 agonists.
  • the present invention provides a compound of the formula (I) or a stereoisomer, hydrate, ester, metabolite, solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, eutectic of the formula (I) Or a prodrug,
  • R is selected from H or C 1-8 alkyl
  • Y is selected from -O-;
  • Z is selected from O, S or CR 13 R 14 ;
  • p is selected from 0, 1, 2 or 3;
  • q is selected from 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;
  • r is selected from 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5;
  • s is selected from 0, 1, 2 or 3;
  • t is selected from 0, 1 or 2;
  • n is selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5;
  • n is selected from 0, 1, or 2.
  • the compound of the invention is selected from the compounds of formula (II):
  • R is selected from H or C 1-4 alkyl, preferably H;
  • R 1 and R 4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, hydroxy, amino, C 1-4 alkyl or C 1-4 alkoxy, and the amino, alkyl or alkoxy group is optionally further Substituted to three substituents selected from F, Cl, Br or a hydroxyl group;
  • R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are each independently selected from H, F, Cl, Br, hydroxy, amino, C 1-4 alkyl or C 1-4 alkoxy, preferably H or C 1-4 alkane Further, H or a methyl group is further preferred, and the amino group, alkyl group or alkoxy group is further further selected from 0 to 3 selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, a hydroxyl group, a C 1-4 alkyl group or a C 1-4 alkane. Substituted by a substituent of an oxy group;
  • Z is selected from O or CR 13 R 14 , preferably CR 13 R 14 ;
  • p is selected from 0 or 1;
  • q is selected from 0, 1 or 2;
  • n is selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5;
  • r is selected from 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, preferably 2, 3 or 4, further preferably 2;
  • n is selected from 0, 1, or 2.
  • the compound according to the invention is selected from the compounds of the formula (III):
  • R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are each independently selected from H, F, Cl, hydroxy, C 1-4 alkyl or C 1-4 alkoxy, preferably H or C 1-2 alkyl, further preferably H or methyl;
  • R 11 is selected from C 1-4 alkyl, preferably C 1-2 alkyl, further preferably methyl;
  • Z is selected from O or CR 13 R 14 ;
  • R 13 and R 14 are each independently selected from H or C 1-4 alkyl, preferably H or C 1-2 alkyl, further preferably H, said alkyl optionally further being from 0 to 4 selected from F, Cl Or substituted with a substituent of Br;
  • r is selected from 2, 3 or 4, preferably 2;
  • n is selected from 0, 1, or 2.
  • R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are each independently selected from H, Cl or C 1-4 alkyl, preferably H or C 1-2 alkyl, further preferably H or methyl;
  • R 11 is selected from C 1-2 alkyl, preferably methyl
  • Z is selected from O or CR 13 R 14 ;
  • R 13 and R 14 are each independently selected from H or C 1-4 alkyl, preferably H or C 1-2 alkyl, further preferably H;
  • n is selected from 0, 1, or 2.
  • R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are each independently selected from H, Cl, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or isopropyl, preferably H or methyl;
  • R 11 is selected from methyl or ethyl, preferably methyl.
  • Z is selected from O or CR 13 R 14 ;
  • R 13 and R 14 are each independently selected from H or methyl, preferably H.
  • R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are each independently selected from H or methyl;
  • R 11 is selected from methyl or ethyl, preferably methyl
  • Z is selected from O or CR 13 R 14 ;
  • R 13 and R 14 are each H.
  • R is selected from H or C 1-2 alkyl, preferably H;
  • R 1 and R 4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, hydroxy, amino, C 1-4 alkyl or C 1-4 alkoxy;
  • R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are each independently selected from H, F, Cl, Br or C 1-4 alkyl, preferably H or C 1-4 alkyl, more preferably H or methyl;
  • Z is selected from O or CR 13 R 14 , preferably CR 13 R 14 ;
  • R 13 and R 14 are each independently selected from H or C 1-4 alkyl, preferably H;
  • R 11 is selected from H or C 1-4 alkyl, preferably methyl
  • p is selected from 0 or 1;
  • q is selected from 0, 1 or 2;
  • r is selected from 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, preferably 3;
  • n is selected from 0, 1, or 2.
  • R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are each independently selected from H or C 1-4 alkyl, preferably H or methyl;
  • R 11 is selected from C 1-4 alkyl, preferably methyl
  • Z is selected from O or CR 13 R 14 ;
  • R 13 and R 14 are each independently selected from H or C 1-4 alkyl, preferably H;
  • r is selected from 2, 3 or 4, preferably 3;
  • n is selected from 0, 1, or 2.
  • R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are each independently selected from H or C 1-2 alkyl, preferably H or methyl;
  • R 11 is selected from C 1-2 alkyl
  • Z is selected from O or CR 13 R 14 ;
  • R 13 and R 14 are each independently selected from H or C 1-2 alkyl
  • n is selected from 0, 1, or 2.
  • R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are each independently selected from H, methyl or ethyl
  • R 11 is selected from methyl or ethyl, preferably methyl.
  • Z is selected from O or CR 13 R 14 ;
  • R 13 and R 14 are each independently selected from H or methyl, preferably H.
  • R 5 and R 7 are each independently a methyl group
  • R 6 and R 8 are each independently H;
  • R 11 is a methyl group
  • Z is selected from O or CR 13 R 14 ;
  • R 13 and R 14 are each H.
  • the compound of the invention is selected from the group consisting of
  • a compound of the invention or a stereoisomer, hydrate, ester, metabolite, solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, eutectic or prodrug thereof, wherein said salt is selected from the group consisting of Sodium, potassium, aluminum, lithium, zinc, calcium, magnesium, strontium, ammonium, trimethylamine, tetramethylammonium, diethylamine, triethylamine, isopropyl Amine salt, ethanolamine salt, diethanolamine salt, triethanolamine salt, cyclohexylamine salt, dicyclohexylamine salt, pyridinium salt, methylpyridine salt, 2,6-lutidine salt, caffeine salt, procaine a salt, a choline salt, a betaine salt, a theobromine salt, a phosphonium salt, a piperazine salt, a piperidine salt, an N-ethyl piperidine salt, a polyamine resin salt,
  • the invention also provides a process for the preparation of a compound of the invention.
  • the compounds of the present invention can be synthesized by a variety of methods of preparation. Preferred methods include, but are not limited to, the methods described below.
  • the functionality exhibited on the molecule should be consistent with the planned transformation.
  • a judgement is sometimes required to change the order of the synthetic steps or to select a particular process scheme.
  • Reasonable protecting groups are selected for the protection of reactive functional groups present in the compounds described herein.
  • a method of preparing a compound of the invention comprises:
  • the compound of the formula (I-a) is subjected to a suzuki coupling reaction with the compound of the formula (I-b), and the obtained product is further hydrogenated under a reducing agent to obtain a compound of the formula (I-c);
  • the compound of the formula (I-d) is subjected to a Mistunobu reaction with the compound of the formula (I-e), and the obtained product is further hydrolyzed to obtain a compound of the formula (I);
  • R 15 and R 16 are each independently selected from H, F, Cl, Br, I, hydroxy, C 1-6 alkyl or C 1-6 alkoxy, and R 17 is selected from H, F, Cl, Br, I or a hydroxyl group; the definitions of X, Y, R, Z, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , p, q, s and t are as defined above for the present invention Consistent.
  • the process for the preparation of a compound of the formula (I) according to the invention comprises:
  • the palladium catalyst is selected from the group consisting of Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 , PdCl 2 , Pd(OAc) 2 or Pd(PPh 3 ) 2 Cl 2
  • the reducing agent is selected from the group consisting of sodium borohydride, potassium borohydride, lithium aluminum hydride.
  • the invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition, the composition comprising:
  • One or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include diluents, adjuvants or excipients.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the invention further comprises one or more additional therapeutic agents.
  • the other therapeutic agents described in the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention comprise:
  • glucagon receptor antagonist or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
  • a drug for improving lipid distribution in a patient selected from the group consisting of an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, a bile acid sequestrant, nicotine, nicotinic acid or a salt thereof, a PPAR alpha agonist, a cholesterol absorption inhibitor, an acyl CoA (cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT)) inhibitor, CETP inhibitor or phenolic antioxidant or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and/or
  • the GPR40 agonist is selected from the group consisting of fasiglifam hemihydrates (TAK-875) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof.
  • the DDP-IV inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of linagliptin (Lilaetine), omarigliptin (MK-3102), sitagliptin (sitagliptin), vildagliptin ( Vidastatin), alogliptin (alogliptin), saxagliptin (saxagliptin), deagliptin (digagliptin), carmegliptin (caglitin), Melogliptin (merrolitin), Dutogliptin (dugliptin) ), Teneligliptin, or Gigliptin, or Trelagliptin.
  • linagliptin Longaetine
  • MK-3102 sitagliptin
  • vildagliptin Vidastatin
  • alogliptin alogliptin
  • saxagliptin saxagliptin
  • deagliptin digagli
  • the SGLT-2 inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of dapagliflozin (Dalaglipin), Canagliflozin (cangliflozin), Atigliflozin (agliflozin), Empagliflozin, Ipragliflozin, Tofogliflozin, Luseogliflozin, Remogliflozin, Sergliflozin or Ertugliflozin Relying on the net).
  • dapagliflozin Diaglipin
  • Canagliflozin cangliflozin
  • Atigliflozin agliflozin
  • Empagliflozin Ipragliflozin
  • Tofogliflozin Tofogliflozin
  • Luseogliflozin Luseogliflozin
  • Remogliflozin Remogliflozin
  • the PPAR agonist is selected from the group consisting of bezafibrate, fenofibrate, pioglitazone or rosiglitazone. ketone).
  • the biguanide therapeutic agent is selected from metformin or diethylbiguanide.
  • the thiazolidinedione therapeutic agent is selected from the group consisting of Ciglitazone, piglitazone, Rosiglitazone, Troglitazone ( Troglitazone), Farglitazar (farglitazone) or Darglitazoan (daglitazone).
  • the sulfonylurea inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of Glimepiride, Tolglybutamide, Glibornuride, Glibenclamide, Gliquidone, Glipizide or Gliclazipe.
  • the levonide therapeutic agent is selected from the group consisting of Nateglinide, Repaglinide or Mitiglinide.
  • the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of Acarbose (acarbose), Miglitol (Voglibose) or miglitol.
  • the GLP-1 analogue is selected from the group consisting of Exenatide That peptide) or Liraglutide (lilastuide).
  • the present invention also provides the compound or a stereoisomer, hydrate, ester, metabolite, solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, co-crystal or prodrug thereof or the pharmaceutical composition as a
  • G protein coupled receptor 40 agonists for the preparation of pharmaceutical preparations, in particular for the preparation of pharmaceutical preparations for the treatment and/or prevention of metabolic diseases.
  • the invention also provides a method of treating and/or preventing a metabolic disease, the method comprising administering to a subject an effective amount of a compound of the invention, or a stereoisomer, hydrate, ester, metabolite, solvate thereof, A pharmaceutically acceptable salt, eutectic or prodrug, or a pharmaceutical composition according to the invention.
  • a compound of the invention or a stereoisomer, hydrate, ester, metabolite, solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, eutectic or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof
  • the metabolic diseases include diabetes, type II diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic complications, hyperinsulinemia, hypoglycemia Symptoms, dyslipidemia, kidney disease, ketoacidosis, elevated levels of fatty acids or glycerol, one or more of obesity, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, insulin allergy, or glucose intolerance.
  • the metabolic disease comprises type II diabetes.
  • the carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen or halogen involved in the groups and compounds of the present invention include their isotopic conditions, and the carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur involved in the groups and compounds of the present invention.
  • the nitrogen is optionally further replaced by one or more of their corresponding isotopes, wherein the carbon isotopes include 12 C, 13 C, and 14 C, and the hydrogen isotopes include ruthenium (H), ruthenium (D, also known as heavy hydrogen), ⁇ (T, also known as super heavy hydrogen), oxygen isotopes include 16 O, 17 O and 18 O, sulfur isotopes include 32 S, 33 S, 34 S and 36 S, nitrogen isotopes include 14 N and 15 N, fluorine The isotopes include 17 F and 19 F, the chlorine isotopes include 35 Cl and 37 Cl, and the bromine isotopes include 79 Br and 81 Br.
  • Alkyl means a straight or branched saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably an alkyl group of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, further An alkyl group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms is preferred.
  • Alkoxy means -O-alkyl, and non-limiting examples include methoxy, ethoxy, 1-propoxy, 2-propoxy, 1-butoxy, 2-methyl- 1-propoxy, 2-butoxy, 2-methyl-2-propoxy, 1-pentyloxy, 2-pentyloxy, 3-pentyloxy, 2-methyl-2-butoxy Base, 3-methyl-2-butoxy, 3-methyl-1-butoxy and 2-methyl-1-butoxy.
  • Alkenyl means an alkyl group having from 1 to 3 carbon-carbon double bonds, a linear or branched unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group consisting of 2 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably Alkenyl of 2-8 carbon atoms.
  • Non-limiting examples include vinyl, propen-2-yl, buten-2-yl, penten-2-yl, penten-4-yl, hexen-2-yl, hexen-3-yl, Hepten-2-yl, hepten-3-yl, hept-4-yl, oct-3-yl, nonen-3-yl, nonen-4-yl and undecen-3-yl.
  • the alkenyl group may be further optionally further selected from 0 to 4 selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, I, alkyl, alkoxy, linear alkenyl, linear alkynyl, amino, nitro, cyano, fluorenyl Substituted by a substituent of an amide group, a carbocyclic group or a heterocyclic group.
  • Alkynyl means an alkynyl group having from 1 to 3 carbon-carbon triple bonds, a linear or branched unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group consisting of 2 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably Alkynyl group of 2-8 carbon atoms.
  • Non-limiting examples include ethynyl, propyn-1-yl, butyn-1-yl, butyn-3-yl, pentyn-1-yl, hexyn-1-yl, heptyn-1-yl ,heptyn-3-yl,heptyn-4-yl,octyn-3-yl,decyn-3-yl,decyn-4-yl, undecyn-3-yl, dodecyn-4- base.
  • the alkynyl group may be further optionally further selected from 0 to 4 selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, I, alkyl, alkoxy, linear alkenyl, linear alkynyl, amino, nitro, cyano, fluorenyl Substituted by a substituent of an amide group, a carbocyclic group or a heterocyclic group.
  • Cycloalkyl means a saturated, non-aromatic ring. Non-limiting examples include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl and cyclodecyl.
  • Carbocyclyl means a saturated or unsaturated aromatic carbocyclic or non-aromatic carbocyclic ring.
  • the aromatic carbocyclic or non-aromatic carbocyclic ring may be a 3 to 10 membered monocyclic ring, a 4 to 12 membered bicyclic ring or a 10 to 15 membered three ring.
  • a ring system, a carbocyclic group may be bonded to a bridged ring or a spiro ring, and non-limiting examples include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, 1-cyclopentyl-1-enyl, 1-cyclopentyl- 2-alkenyl, 1-cyclopentyl-3-alkenyl, cyclohexyl, 1-cyclohexyl-2-alkenyl, 1-cyclohexyl-3-alkenyl, cyclohexenyl, cyclohexadienyl, Cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclodecyl, cyclodecyl, cycloundecyl, cyclododecyl, phenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, phenanthryl,
  • the carbocyclic group may be further optionally 0 to 8 selected from the group consisting of F
  • the heterocyclic group may be bonded to a hetero atom or a carbon atom, and the heterocyclic group may be bonded to a bridged or spiro ring, and non-limiting examples include an epoxyethyl group, a glycidyl group, an azacyclopropyl group, and an oxocyclic ring.
  • Amino means -NH 2 .
  • Niro means -NO 2 .
  • Carboxyl means -COOH.
  • Hydroxyalkyl means an alkyl group substituted with 1, 2 or 3 hydroxy groups, preferably an alkyl group. Non-limiting examples include hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 1,2-dihydroxypropyl, 1,3-dihydroxypropyl, and 2,3-dihydroxypropyl.
  • “Pharmaceutically acceptable salt” or “pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof” means that the compound of the invention retains the biological effectiveness and properties of the free acid, and the free acid is reacted with a non-toxic inorganic or organic base.
  • Non-limiting examples of the inorganic base include sodium, potassium, aluminum, lithium, zinc, calcium, magnesium, strontium;
  • non-limiting examples of the organic base include ammonia, trimethylamine, tetramethylammonium, Diethylamine, triethylamine, isopropylamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, cyclohexylamine, dicyclohexylamine, pyridine, picoline, 2,6-lutidine, caffeine, proca Cause, choline, betaine, theobromine, hydrazine, piperazine, piperidine, N-ethylpiperidine, polyamine resin, phenicillin salt.
  • Carrier means a material that does not cause significant irritation to the organism and does not abrogate the biological activity and properties of the administered compound.
  • Excipient means an inert substance that is added to a pharmaceutical composition to facilitate administration of the compound.
  • Non-limiting examples include calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, sugar, starch, cellulose derivatives (including microcrystalline cellulose), gelatin, vegetable oils, polyethylene glycols, diluents, granulating agents, lubricants, bonding Agent and disintegrant.
  • an “adjuvant” is a non-specific immunopotentiator that, when injected with an antigen or pre-infused into the body, enhances the body's immune response to the antigen or alters the type of immune response.
  • “Diluent” is also called “filler.”
  • the diluted inert substance is added.
  • Prodrug means a compound of the invention that can be converted to biological activity by metabolism in vivo.
  • Prodrugs of the invention are prepared by modifying functional groups in the compounds of the invention which can be removed by conventional procedures or in vivo to provide the parent compound.
  • Prodrugs include compounds formed by attachment of a carboxy group of any of the compounds of the present invention to any group. When a prodrug of the invention is administered to a mammalian subject, the prodrug is cleaved to form a free carboxyl group, respectively.
  • Examples of prodrugs include, but are not limited to, compounds having a carboxyl functional group in the compounds of the invention formed with methanol, ethanol or benzyl alcohol.
  • Cyctic crystal refers to a crystal in which an active pharmaceutical ingredient and a eutectic formation are combined by hydrogen bonding or other non-covalent bond, wherein the pure state of API and CCF is solid at room temperature, and each component There is a fixed stoichiometric ratio between them.
  • Eutectic is a multi-component crystal that contains both a binary eutectic formed between two neutral solids and a multi-component eutectic formed by a neutral solid with a salt or solvate.
  • Non-limiting examples of such "eutectic formers” include alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, valine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, methionine, glycine, serine, Threonine, cysteine, tyrosine, asparagine, glutamine, lysine, arginine, histidine, aspartic acid, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, pyroglutamic acid Acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydrochloric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, benzoic acid, phenylacetic acid, salicylic acid, alginic acid, anthranilic acid, camphoric acid, citric acid, ethylene Acid, formic acid, fumaric acid, citric acid, gluconic acid, glucuronic acid, glutamic acid, Glycolic acid, isethi
  • Stepoisomer refers to isomers resulting from the spatial arrangement of atoms in a molecule, including cis and trans isomers, enantiomers and conformational isomers.
  • heterocyclic group optionally substituted by an alkyl group means that the alkyl group may be, but not necessarily, the description includes the case where the heterocyclic group is substituted by an alkyl group, and the heterocyclic group thereof is not substituted with an alkyl group.
  • “Pharmaceutical composition” means a combination of one or more of the compounds described herein, or a physiologically/pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, or/and one or more additional therapeutic agents, and a pharmaceutically acceptable form. Agents, adjuvants, diluents and carriers.
  • the “EC 50" half effective concentration refers to the concentration at which half of the maximum efficacy is reached.
  • the structure of the compound is determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) or (and) mass spectrometry (MS).
  • NMR nuclear magnetic resonance
  • MS mass spectrometry
  • the NMR was measured using a (Bruker Avance III 400 and Bruker Avance 300) nuclear magnetic apparatus, and the solvent was deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO-d 6 ), deuterated chloroform (CDCl 3 ), deuterated methanol (CD 3 OD). ), the internal standard is tetramethylsilane (TMS).
  • DMSO-d 6 dimethyl sulfoxide
  • CDCl 3 deuterated chloroform
  • CD 3 OD deuterated methanol
  • TMS tetramethylsilane
  • the HPLC was measured using an Agilent 1260 DAD high pressure liquid chromatograph (Zorbax SB-C18100 x 4.6 mm).
  • Thin layer chromatography silica gel plate uses Yantai Yellow Sea HSGF254 or Qingdao GF254 silica gel plate.
  • the specification of silica gel plate used for thin layer chromatography (TLC) is 0.15mm ⁇ 0.20mm.
  • the specification for thin layer chromatography separation and purification is 0.4mm. ⁇ 0.5mm.
  • the known starting materials of the present invention may be synthesized by or according to methods known in the art, or may be purchased from Titan Technology, Anheji Chemical, Shanghai Demer, Chengdu Kelon Chemical, Suiyuan Chemical Technology, and Belling Technology. And other companies.
  • the nitrogen atmosphere means that the reaction flask is connected to a nitrogen balloon having a volume of about 1 L.
  • the hydrogen atmosphere means that the reaction flask is connected to a hydrogen balloon of about 1 L volume.
  • the hydrogenation reaction is usually evacuated, charged with hydrogen, and operated three times.
  • reaction was carried out under a nitrogen atmosphere.
  • the solution means an aqueous solution.
  • reaction temperature is room temperature.
  • the room temperature is an optimum reaction temperature of 20 ° C to 30 ° C.
  • Ts p-toluenesulfonyl
  • TBS tert-butyldimethylsilyl.
  • 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)glutaric acid 1c (25.00 g, 0.1 mol) and polyphosphoric acid (373.19 g, 1.10 mol) were added to the reaction flask, and the mixture was heated to 100 ° C for 6 hours, and stirred.
  • Methyl 2-(5-methoxy-3-oxo-indan-1-yl)acetate 1e was dissolved in toluene (100 mL) and then added to aluminum trichloride (6.5 g, 48.68 The reaction mixture was heated to reflux for 30 minutes, the reaction was stopped, and the mixture was cooled to room temperature. The mixture was slowly poured into ice water, extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL ⁇ 3), and washed with brine (100 mL ⁇ 1). Drying over anhydrous sodium sulfate, EtOAc (EtOAc m.) Methyl hydroxy-3-oxo-indan-1-yl)acetate 1f (2.40 g, yield 46%).
  • Step 6 2-(5-Oxo-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-3-oxo-indan-1-yl)acetic acid methyl ester (1 g)
  • Methyl 2-(5-hydroxy-3-oxo-indan-1-yl)acetate 1f (1.80 g, 8.18 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (30 mL) and tert-butyldimethylchlorosilane was added.
  • reaction mixture was quenched with water (50 mL), and extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL ⁇ 3) and washed with 1M sodium hydroxide solution (100 mL ⁇ 1) and saturated brine (100 mL ⁇ 1) Sodium is dry. Filtration and concentrating the filtrate under reduced pressure. EtOAc m. 3-yl)oxy-phenyl)benzaldehyde 3c (1.15 g, yield 88%).
  • Methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (3.11 g, 8.71 mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL) under a nitrogen atmosphere at 0 ° C, and a solution of potassium t-butoxide in tetrahydrofuran (0.98 g, 8.71 mmol) was slowly added dropwise. The reaction was stirred at 0 ° C for 0.5 hour, and a solution of methyl 2-(5-oxo-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-3-oxo-indan-1-yl)acetate 1 g in tetrahydrofuran (1.94 g) was slowly added dropwise.
  • the third step 2-(5-((3-(2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-methylsulfonylpropoxy)phenyl)benzyl alcohol)-3-methylene-indan- 1-yl)acetic acid (compound 1)
  • Methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (1.73 g, 4.67 mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (15 mL) under nitrogen at 0 °C.
  • the potassium tert-butoxide (0.52 g, 4.67 mmol) was slowly added dropwise, stirred at 0 ° C for 30 minutes, and 2-(5-oxo-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-3-oxo-oxime was slowly added dropwise.
  • 1 g (1.30 g, 3.89 mmol) of methyl-1-acetoxyacetate was reacted at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was quenched with aq.
  • Methyl 2-(5-oxo-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-3-ethylidene-indan-1-yl)acetate 2B (570 mg, 1.65 mol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (15 mL). Tetrabutylammonium fluoride (969 mg, 3.08 mmol) was added, and the mixture was reacted for 1 hour at room temperature. Water (10 mL) was added to the reaction mixture, and the mixture was evaporated. The organic phases were combined and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate.
  • Step 3 2-(5-((3-(2,6-Dimethyl-4-(3-methylsulfonylpropoxy)phenyl)phenyl)methoxy)-3-ethylene Indole-1-yl)methyl acetate (2D)
  • Step 4 2-(5-((3-(2,6-Dimethyl-4-(3-methylsulfonylpropoxy)phenyl)phenyl)methoxy)-3-ethylene -indan-1-yl)acetic acid (compound 2)
  • EtOAc 2-(5-((3-(2,6-Dimethyl-4-(3-methylsulfonylpropoxy)phenyl)phenyl) methoxy)) 3-Ethylene-indan-1-yl)acetic acid compound 2 (363 mg, yield 73%, HPLC: 95.6%).
  • Second step 2-(5-((3-(2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-methylsulfonylpropoxy)phenyl)phenyl)methoxy)-3-oxoindole Full-1-yl)acetic acid (compound 3)
  • Methyl 2-(5-hydroxy-3-oxo-indan-1-yl)acetate 4a (isomer 1, 1.00 g, 4.54 mmol) and tert-butyldimethylchlorosilane (1.37 g, 9.09)
  • Methyl acetate was dissolved in dichloromethane (50 mL), then imidazole (0.93 g, 13.63 mmol) was added, and the mixture was reacted at room temperature for 2 hours, and water (30 mL) was added to the reaction mixture to quench the reaction with dichloromethane (30 mL ⁇ 3) The organic phase was extracted and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. Filtration, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure.
  • EtOAcjjjjjjjjjjjj Methyl 3-oxo-indan-1-yl)acetate 4B (1.52 g, yield 99%).
  • Methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (2.44 g, 6.82 mmol) and potassium t-butoxide (0.765 g, 6.82 mmol) were dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (50 mL), and stirred at 0 ° C for 30 min.
  • a solution of methyl 2-(5-oxo-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-3-oxo-indan-1-yl)acetate 4B (1.52 g, 4.55 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (15 mL)
  • the reaction mixture was slowly added to room temperature and reacted for 2 hours.
  • the reaction mixture was quenched with aq.
  • Step 4 2-(5-((3-(2,6-Dimethyl-4-(3-methylsulfonylpropoxy)phenyl)phenyl)methoxy)-3-methylene Indole-1-yl)methyl acetate (4E)
  • Step 5 2-(5-((3-(2,6-Dimethyl-4-(3-methylsulfonylpropoxy)phenyl)phenyl)methoxy)-3-methylene Indane-1-yl)acetic acid (compound 4)
  • Methyl 2-(5-hydroxy-3-oxo-indan-1-yl)acetate 4b (isomer 2, 1.00 g, 4.54 mmol) and tert-butyldimethylchlorosilane (1.37 g, 9.09)
  • Methyl 3-oxo-indan-1-yl)methyl acetate 5B (1.52 g, yield 99%).
  • Methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (2.44 g, 6.82 mmol) and potassium t-butoxide (0.765 g, 6.82 mmol) were dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (50 mL) and stirred at 0 ° C for 20 min.
  • Step 4 2-(5-((3-(2,6-Dimethyl-4-(3-methylsulfonylpropoxy)phenyl)phenyl)methoxy)-3-methylene Indole-1-yl)methyl acetate (5E)
  • Step 5 2-(5-((3-(2,6-Dimethyl-4-(3-methylsulfonylpropoxy)phenyl)phenyl)methoxy)-3-methylene Indane-1-yl)acetic acid (compound 5)
  • the reaction was carried out at 80 ° C for 12 hours, and water (50 mL) was added to the reaction mixture, and the mixture was evaporated to ethyl acetate (50 mL ⁇ 3), and the organic phase was washed with brine (50 mL ⁇ 2) Dry with sodium sulfate.
  • the compound was formulated into a 10 mM stock solution in DMSO and diluted to a 3-fold gradient for use.
  • the stable expression strain HEK293/GPR40/5x Gal4UAS-Luc+/Gal4-Elk1 was seeded at a suitable density in 96-well plates. The next day, the cell confluence reached about 70%, replaced with serum-free medium, and starved overnight. On the third day, DMEM medium containing different concentrations of the test compound was added, 200 ⁇ l per well, and incubated in a cell incubator for 5 hours. Luciferase activity was detected using the Luciferase Assay System kit. The fluorescence data was fitted and analyzed using Origin7 software, and the EC 50 of each compound was calculated. The test results are shown in Table 1.
  • the compound of the present invention has good pharmacodynamic activity as a GPR40 agonist.
  • the hypoglycemic effect of the compounds prepared in the various examples of the present invention in sugar-loaded mice was evaluated using an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).
  • OGTT oral glucose tolerance test
  • mice SPF grade ICR mice, 18-22 g, female, purchased from Beijing Huakangkang Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and the animal production certificate number: SCXK (Beijing) 2009-0004.
  • SCXK Beijing 2009-0004.
  • the purchased mice were induced with high fat diet for 25 days and fasted overnight. Grouped according to the basic blood glucose values after fasting, 10 in each group.
  • the test compound was formulated into a 2 mg/ml suspension in 5% DMSO-15%solutol-80% physiological saline.
  • the drug was administered by intragastric administration at a dose of 20 mg/kg.
  • the blank control group was given 5% DMSO-15% solutol-80% physiological saline.
  • the compounds of the present invention have a good hypoglycemic effect.

Abstract

本发明涉及一种茚满衍生物及其制备方法和在医药上的应用,具体而言本发明涉及通式(I)所示的化合物或者其立体异构体、水合物、代谢产物、溶剂化物、药学上可接受的盐、共晶或者前药、它们的制备方法、包括其药物组合物以及本发明的化合物药物组合物在医药上的应用,特别作为GPR40受体(G蛋白偶联受体)激动剂的应用,其中,通式(I)中各取代基的定义与说明书的定义相同。

Description

茚满衍生物及其制备方法和在医药上的应用 技术领域
本发明涉及一种茚满衍生物及其制备方法和在医药上的应用,具体是一种具有G蛋白偶联受体40(GPR40)受体功能调节作用的新颖的茚满衍生物或其立体异构体、水合物、溶剂化物、代谢产物、药学上可接受的盐、共晶或前药、其药物组合物以及其在医药上的应用。
背景技术
糖尿病及其并发症严重影响了人们的生活质量,并成为导致死亡的重要原因之一,糖尿病中过高的血糖水平导致患者出现多尿、多饮和多食的典型症状,糖尿病的并发症如肾损伤、糖尿病酮酸中毒和心脏病等可危及生命。II型糖尿病是最常见的一类糖尿病,主要发生在成年阶段,主要表现为胰岛素分泌不足或胰岛素抵抗(即机体组织不能有效对内源性胰岛素做出反应),遗传和环境等诸多因素均可导致胰岛素抵抗。
糖尿病患者如果通过饮食和锻炼不能有效控制血糖,则需注射激素类药物或口服降糖药。目前已批准上市的口服降糖药包括磺酰脲类、双胍类、噻唑烷二酮类(TZDs)、α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂、糊精类似物、二肽基肽酶抑制剂(DPP-IV)、钠-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白2(SGLT-2)抑制剂等类药物。然而,以上这些降糖药均有副作用,如低血糖、体重增加、心血管风险和泌尿生殖道感染等(Vinod S.Deshmukh等(2013).International Journal of Basic&Clinical Pharmacology,2,4-11),这些副作用进一步加重了糖尿病患者的负担,因此,需要开发具有新型作用机制的新一代降糖药。
G蛋白偶联受体40(GPR40)是一个具有降糖尿潜力的新靶点,在胰岛β细胞中高表达。GPR40又称脂肪酸受体1(FFAR1),是一个属于同源G蛋白偶联受体超家族的膜受体,在多种物种中高度保守。G蛋白偶联受体有7次跨膜结构,可感受胞外信号,激活胞内信号转导通路,并最终引起细胞应答,GPR40可被中长链游离脂肪酸(FFAs)激活(Itoh Y等(2003).Nature,422,173-176)。FFAs除了作为能量来源外,也是一种重要的信号分子,可促进胰岛素分泌,该功能主要是通过GPR40实现的。FFAs与GPR40相互作用后,可通过胰岛β细胞中的PLC或L型Ca2+通道信号通路提高Ca2+流量,进而引起细胞应答(Fujiwara等(2005).Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab,289,E670-E677)。研究表明,在动物模型中,激动GPR40可有效降低血糖;临床试验中,患者短期和长期使用GPR40激动剂进行治疗均可促进葡萄糖诱导的胰岛素分泌,并可提高葡萄糖耐量(K Nagasumi等(2009).Diabetes,58,1067-1076),且由于GPR40只有在高水平血糖的情况下才可促进胰岛素分泌,因此产生低血糖的风险低。
Fasiglifam hemihydrates(TAK-875)是目前已进入三期临床并被证明有效的GPR40激动 剂。研究表明:在糖尿病动物模型中,fasiglifam hemihydrate(TAK-875)可促进胰岛素分泌并可有效控制血糖,而在正常大鼠中则不会促进胰岛素分泌(Tsujihata Y等(2010).Diabetes,59,A165);在临床试验中,fasiglifam hemihydrates(TAK-875)也表现出明显的降糖效果,同时具有较低的低血糖风险(T.Araki等(2012).Diabetes,Obesity and Metabolism14,271-278)。其它一些GPR40激动剂也相继被开发,如JTT-851、LY-2881835等。
综上所述,GPR40是一个安全可行的口服降糖药新靶点,GPR40激动剂的开发具有十分重要的研究价值和应用前景。目前一些关于GPR40激动剂相关的研究文献相继公开。
WO2007106469描述了可作为治疗代谢病症的双环羧酸衍生物,其结构式如下:
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000001
其中,A选自芳基或杂芳基,B为5-7元碳环或杂环,R1选自卤素、氰基、C1-C6烷基、-OH、或C1-C6烷氧基,R2选自卤素、C1-C6烷基、-OH、或C1-C6烷氧基,n选自0、1或2,p选自0、1或2,q选自0、1或2,Rb和Rb’独立选自H及卤素,且B环可进一步经酮基(=O)取代或可包括式=CRaRa’的基团,其中Ra和Ra’独立的选自H或C1-C4烷基。不认为此专利中具体描述是本发明的一部分。
CN102421739描述了GPR40激动剂的羧酸化合物,其结构式如下:
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000002
其中,L为O或NH,R1为H或低级烷基,X为1,2-亚苯基或-Z-C(R2)(R3)-,Z为O或CH2,R2与R3一体化而成为可以被取代的C2-7亚烷基,R4、R5、R6、R7、R8和R9彼此相同或不同,为H、卤素、可以被取代的低级烷基或-O-(可以被取代的低级烷基),R10为H、OH、-O-(可以被取代的杂环基)或-O-(CR101R102)n-R103,R101和R102彼此相同或不同,为H、OH、卤素或可以被取代的低级烷基,或者,R101与R102彼此一体化而成为氧代(=O),n为1、2、3或4,R103为H、OH、卤素、NRN1RN2、-SO2-(可以被取代的低级烷基)、可以被取代的芳基、-O-(可以被取代的低级烷基)或可以被取代的杂环基,RN1和RN2彼此相同或不同,为H、-SO2-(可以被取代的低级烷基)或可以被取代的低级烷基,R11、R12和R13彼此相同或不同,为H、卤素、可以被取代的低级烷基或-O-(可以被取代的低级烷基),Ya和Yb彼此相同或不同,为N或C-RY,RY为H、卤素、可以被取代的低级烷基或-O-(可以被取代的低级烷基。不认为CN102421739 中具体描述的化合物是本发明的一部分。
CN101616913描述了可作为胰岛素分泌促进剂及糖尿病的预防和/或治疗药的GPR40受体功能调节作用的稠环化合物,其结构式如下:
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000003
其中,R1选自-S02-R6,R6选自C1-6烷基或任选被取代的1,1-二氧代四氢噻喃基,X选自键或二价烃基;R2和R3选自H、卤原子、被取代的烃基或被取代的羟基;R4和R5选自被羟基取代的C1-6烷基;A选自苯环,B选自5至7元环,Y选自键或CH2,R选自羟基。不认为此专利中具体描述是本发明的一部分。
US7786165描述了GPR40受体功能调节剂,其结构式如下:
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000004
其中,Ar任选取代基的环状基团,且不被4-哌啶基取代,B任选取代基的环,且不被噻唑或噁唑取代,V选自键或含有1-3个原子的链,且此链不为-N=N-基团,W选自键或C1-6烷基,X、Xa选自CH或N,Y选自O或CR6R7,R1和R1a选自H、卤素、C1-6烷基或C1-6烷氧基,R2选自H、C1-6烷基或任选取代的酰基,R3和R4选自H或卤素,R5选自取代的羟基或取代的胺基,不认为US7786165中具体描述的化合物是本发明的一部分。
发明内容
本发明提供一类结构新颖如通式(I)所示的化合物,经过研究表明,本发明化合物作为GPR40激动剂显示出优异的药效活性。
根据本发明的具体实施方案,本发明提供了一种通式(I)所示的化合物或其立体异构体、水合物、酯、代谢产物、溶剂化物、药学上可接受的盐、共晶或前药,
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000005
其中:
R选自H或者C1-8烷基;
R1和R4各自独立选自F、CI、Br、I、羟基、氨基、硝基、氰基、羧基、C1-8烷基或者C1-8烷氧基,所述的氨基、烷基或者烷氧基任选进一步被0至4个选自F、Cl、Br、I、羟基、氰基、C1-8烷基、C1-8烷氧基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、-(CH2)m-C(=O)-R9、-(CH2)m-C(=O)-OR9、-O-C(=O)-OR9、-(CH2)m-NR10R10a、-(CH2)m-C(=O)-NR10R10a或者-(CH2)m-S(=O)n-R11的取代基所取代;
R2和R3各自独立选自H、F、Cl、Br、I、羟基、氨基、氰基、羧基、C1-8烷基或者C1-8烷氧基,所述的氨基、烷基或者烷氧基任选进一步被0至4个选自F、Cl、Br、I、羟基、氰基、C1-8烷基、C1-8烷氧基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、-(CH2)m-C(=O)-R9、-(CH2)m-C(=O)-OR9、-O-C(=O)-OR9、-(CH2)m-NR10R10a、-(CH2)m-C(=O)-NR10R10a或者-(CH2)m-S(=O)n-R11的取代基所取代;
R5、R6、R7和R8各自独立选自H、F、Cl、Br、I、羟基、氨基、硝基、氰基、羧基、C1-8烷基、C1-8烷氧基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、-(CH2)m-C(=O)-R9、-(CH2)m-C(=O)-OR9、-O-C(=O)-OR9、-(CH2)m-NR10R10a、-(CH2)m-C(=O)-NR10R10a、-N(R10)-C(=O)-R9、-N(R10b)-C(=O)-NR10R10a或者-(CH2)m-S(=O)n-R11、3至10元碳环基、4至10元杂环基、3至10元碳环基氧基或者4至10元杂环基氧基,所述的氨基、烷基、烷氧基、烯基、炔基、碳环基、杂环基、碳环基氧基或者杂环基氧基任选进一步被0至4个选自F、Cl、Br、I、=O、羟基、氰基、C1-8烷基、C1-8烷氧基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、-(CH2)m-C(=O)-R9、-(CH2)m-C(=O)-OR9、-O-C(=O)-OR9、-(CH2)m-NR10R10a、-(CH2)m-C(=O)-NR10R10a、-N(R10)-C(=O)-R9、-N(R10b)-C(=O)-NR10R10a、-(CH2)m-S(=O)n-R11、3至10元碳环基、4至10元杂环基、3至10元碳环基氧基或者4至10元杂环基氧基的取代基所取代,且所述的杂环基含有1至4个选自N、O或者S(=O)n的原子或基团;
Y选自-O-;
X选自-(CH2)r-S(=O)n-R11、3至1O元环烷基或者4至10元非芳香杂环基,所述的环烷基或者非芳香杂环基任选进一步被0至4个选自F、Cl、Br、I、=O、羟基、氨基、硝基、氰基、C1-8烷基、C1-8烷氧基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、-(CH2)m-C(=O)-R9、-(CH2)m-C(=O)-OR9、-O-C(=O)-OR9、-(CH2)m-NR10R10a、-(CH2)m-C(=O)-NR10R10a、-N(R10)-C(=O)-R9、-N(R10b)-C(=O)-NR10R10a、-(CH2)m-S(=O)n-R11、3至10元碳环基、4至10元杂环基、3至10元碳环基氧基或者4至10元杂环基氧基的取代基所取代,且所述的杂环基含有1至4个选自N、O或者S(=O)n的原子或基团;
Z选自O、S或者CR13R14
R13和R14各自独立选自H、F、Cl、Br、氰基或者C1-8烷基,所述的烷基进一步被0至4 个选自F、Cl、Br、I、羟基、C1-8烷基、C1-8烷氧基、3至10元碳环基或者4至10元杂环基的取代基所取代,且所述的杂环基含有1至4个选自N、O或者S(=O)n的原子或基团;
R9、R10、R10a、R10b和R11各自独立选自H、羟基、氨基、羧基、C1-8烷基、C1-8烷氧基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、3至10元碳环基、4至10元杂环基、3至10元碳环基氧基或者4至10元杂环基氧基,所述的氨基、烷基、烷氧基、烯基、炔基、碳环基、杂环基、碳环基氧基或者杂环基氧基任选进一步被0至4个选自F、Cl、Br、I、=O、羟基、氨基、硝基、氰基、羧基、C1-8烷基、C1-8烷氧基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、3至10元碳环基、4至10元杂环基、3至10元碳环基氧基或者4至10元杂环基氧基的取代基所取代,且所述的杂环基含有1至4个选自N、O或者S(=O)n的原子或基团;
p选自0、1、2或者3;
q选自0、1、2、3或者4;
r选自1、2、3、4或者5;
s选自0、1、2或者3;
t选自0、1或者2;
m选自0、1、2、3、4或者5;
n选自0、1或者2。
根据本发明的具体实施方案,本发明所述的化合物选自通式(II)所示的化合物:
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000006
其中:
R选自H或者C1-4烷基,优选H;
R1和R4各自独立选自F、Cl、Br、羟基、氨基、C1-4烷基或者C1-4烷氧基,所述的氨基、烷基或者烷氧基任选进一步被0至3个选自F、Cl、Br或者羟基的取代基所取代;
R5、R6、R7和R8各自独立选自H、F、Cl、Br、羟基、氨基、C1-4烷基或者C1-4烷氧基,优选H或者C1-4烷基,进一步优选H或甲基,所述的氨基、烷基或者烷氧基任选进一步被0至3个选自F、Cl、Br、羟基、C1-4烷基或者C1-4烷氧基的取代基所取代;
X选自-(CH2)r-S(=O)n-R11、3至8元环烷基或者4至8元非芳香杂环基,优选-(CH2)r-S(=O)n-R11或者4至8元非芳香杂环基,进一步优选-(CH2)r-S(=O)n-R11或者5元非芳香杂环基,所述的环烷基或者非芳香杂环基任选进一步被0至4个选自F、Cl、Br、羟基、氨 基、硝基、氰基、羧基、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、C2-4烯基、C2-4炔基、-(CH2)m-S(=O)n-R11、3至8元碳环基、4至8元杂环基、3至8元碳环基氧基或者4至8元杂环基氧基的取代基所取代,且所述的杂环基含有1至4个选自N、O或者S(=O)n的原子或基团;
Z选自O或者CR13R14,优选CR13R14
R13和R14各自独立选自H、F、Cl或者C1-4烷基,优选H或者C1-2烷基,进一步优选H,所述的烷基进一步被0至4个选自F、Cl、Br、羟基、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、3至8元碳环基或者4至8元杂环基的取代基所取代,且所述的杂环基含有1至4个选自N、O或者S(=O)n的原子或基团;
R11选自H、羟基、氨基、C1-4烷基、3至8元碳环基或者4至8元杂环基,优选C1-2烷基,进一步优选甲基,所述的氨基、烷基、碳环基或者杂环基任选进一步被0至4个选自F、Cl、Br、羟基、氨基、硝基、氰基、羧基、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、C2-4烯基、C2-4炔基、3至8元碳环基、4至8元杂环基、3至8元碳环基氧基或者4至8元杂环基氧基的取代基所取代,且所述的杂环基含有1至4个选自N、O或者S(=O)n的原子或基团;
p选自0或者1;
q选自0、1或者2;
m选自0、1、2、3、4或者5;
r选自1、2、3、4或者5,优选2、3或者4,进一步优选2;
n选自0、1或者2。
根据本发明的具体实施方案,本发明所述的化合物选自通式(III)所示的化合物:
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000007
其中:
R5、R6、R7和R8各自独立选自H、F、Cl、羟基、C1-4烷基或者C1-4烷氧基,优选H或者C1-2烷基,进一步优选H或甲基;
X选自-(CH2)r-S(=O)n-R11、3至8元环烷基或者4至8元非芳香杂环基,优选-(CH2)r-S(=O)n-R11或者5元非芳香杂环基,所述的环烷基或者非芳香杂环基任选进一步被0至4个选自F、Cl、羟基、C1-4烷基或者4至8元杂环基的取代基所取代,且所述的杂环基含有1至2个选自N、O或者S(=O)n的原子或基团;
R11选自C1-4烷基,优选C1-2烷基,进一步优选甲基;
Z选自O或者CR13R14
R13和R14各自独立选自H或者C1-4烷基,优选H或者C1-2烷基,进一步优选H,所述的烷基任选进一步被0至4个选自F、Cl或者Br的取代基所取代;
r选自2、3或者4,优选2;
n选自0、1或者2。
根据本发明的具体实施方案,本发明通式(III)所示的化合物中:
R5、R6、R7和R8各自独立选自H、Cl或者C1-4烷基,优选H或者C1-2烷基,进一步优选H或甲基;
X选自-(CH2)3-S(=O)2-R11或者5至8元非芳香杂环基,优选-(CH2)3-S(=O)2-R11或者5元非芳香杂环基,所述的非芳香杂环基进一步被0至2个选自羟基或者C1-4烷基的取代基所取代,且所述的杂环基含有1至2个选自N、O或者S(=O)n的原子或基团;
R11选自C1-2烷基,优选甲基;
Z选自O或者CR13R14
R13和R14各自独立选自H或者C1-4烷基,优选H或者C1-2烷基,进一步优选H;
n选自0、1或者2。
根据本发明的具体实施方案,本发明通式(III)所示的化合物中:
R5、R6、R7和R8各自独立选自H、Cl、甲基、乙基、正丙基或者异丙基,优选H或者甲基;
X选自-(CH2)3-S(=O)2-R11
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000008
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000009
或者
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000010
优选-(CH2)3-S(=O)2-R11或者
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000011
优选-(CH2)3-S(=O)2-R11或者
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000012
R11选自甲基或者乙基,优选甲基。
Z选自O或者CR13R14
R13和R14各自独立选自H或者甲基,优选H。
根据本发明的具体实施方案,本发明通式(III)所示的化合物中:
R5、R6、R7和R8各自独立选自H或者甲基;
X选自-(CH2)3-S(=O)2-R11或者
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000013
R11选自甲基或者乙基,优选甲基;
Z选自O或者CR13R14
R13和R14各自为H。
根据本发明的具体实施方案,本发明通式(II)所示的化合物:
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000014
其中:
R选自H或者C1-2烷基,优选H;
R1和R4各自独立选自F、Cl、Br、羟基、氨基、C1-4烷基或者C1-4烷氧基;
R5、R6、R7和R8各自独立选自H、F、Cl、Br或者C1-4烷基,优选H或者C1-4烷基,更优选H或者甲基;
X选自-(CH2)r-S(=O)n-R11或者4至8元非芳香杂环基,优选-(CH2)r-S(=O)n-R11或者5元非芳香杂环基,且所述的杂环基含有1至4个选自N、O或者S(=O)n的原子或基团;
Z选自O或者CR13R14,优选CR13R14
R13和R14各自独立选自H或者C1-4烷基,优选H;
R11选自H或者C1-4烷基,优选甲基;
p选自0或者1;
q选自0、1或者2;
r选自1、2、3、4或者5,优选3;
n选自0、1或者2。
根据本发明的具体实施方案,本发明通式(III)所示的化合物:
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000015
其中:
R5、R6、R7和R8各自独立选自H或者C1-4烷基,优选H或者甲基;
X选自-(CH2)r-S(=O)n-R11或者4至6元非芳香杂环基,优选-(CH2)r-S(=O)n-R11或者5元非芳香杂环基,且所述的杂环基含有1至2个选自N、O或者S(=O)n的原子或基团;
R11选自C1-4烷基,优选甲基;
Z选自O或者CR13R14
R13和R14各自独立选自H或者C1-4烷基,优选H;
r选自2、3或者4,优选3;
n选自0、1或者2。
根据本发明的具体实施方案,本发明通式(III)所示的化合物,其中:
R5、R6、R7和R8各自独立选自H或者C1-2烷基,优选H或者甲基;
X选自-(CH2)3-S(=O)2-R11或者5至6元非芳香杂环基,优选-(CH2)3-S(=O)2-R11或者5元非芳香杂环基,且所述的杂环基含有1至2个选自N、O或者S(=O)n的原子或基团;
R11选自C1-2烷基;
Z选自O或者CR13R14
R13和R14各自独立选自H或者C1-2烷基;
n选自0、1或者2。
根据本发明的具体实施方案,本发明通式(III)所示的化合物,其中:
R5、R6、R7和R8各自独立选自H、甲基或者乙基;
X选自-(CH2)3-S(=O)2-R11
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000016
或者
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000017
优选-(CH2)3-S(=O)2-R11或者
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000018
R11选自甲基或者乙基,优选甲基。
Z选自O或者CR13R14
R13和R14各自独立选自H或者甲基,优选H。
根据本发明的具体实施方案,本发明通式(III)所示的化合物,其中:
R5和R7各自独立为甲基;
R6和R8各自独立为H;
X选自-(CH2)3-S(=O)2-R11或者
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000019
R11为甲基;
Z选自O或者CR13R14
R13和R14各自为H。
根据本发明的具体实施方案,本发明所述的化合物选自:
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000020
根据本发明的具体实施方案,本发明的化合物或其立体异构体、水合物、酯、代谢产物、溶剂化物、药学上可接受的盐、共晶或前药,其中所述的盐选自钠盐、钾盐、铝盐、锂盐、锌盐、钙盐、镁盐、钡盐、铵盐、三甲胺盐、四甲基铵盐、二乙胺盐、三乙胺盐、异丙基胺盐、乙醇胺盐、二乙醇胺盐、三乙醇胺盐、环己胺盐、二环己基胺盐、吡啶盐、甲基吡啶盐、2,6-二甲基吡啶盐、咖啡碱盐、普鲁卡因盐、胆碱盐、甜菜碱盐、可可碱盐、嘌呤盐、哌嗪盐、哌啶盐、N-乙基哌啶盐、聚胺树脂盐、苯明青霉素盐或者它们的组合。优选地,所述的盐选自钠盐、钾盐、铵盐、三乙胺盐、乙醇胺盐、二乙醇胺盐或它们的组合。
本发明还提供一种制备本发明所述的化合物的方法。本领域技术人员知道本发明的化合物可以通过多种制备方法合成。优选的方法包括,但不限于以下所描述的方法。本领域的技术人员能够理解在分子上表现出的功能性应当与所计划的转化一致。为了得到本发明的所需化合物,有时需要一种判断以改变合成步骤的顺序或者选择一种特定的工艺方案。为了对本发明所描述的化合物中存在的反应性功能基团进行保护而选择合理的保护基团。根据本发明的具体实施方案,制备本发明所述的化合物的方法包括:
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000022
通式(I-a)化合物与通式(I-b)化合物发生suzuki偶联反应,得到的产物进一步在还原剂作用下加氢还原得到通式(I-c)化合物;
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000023
通式(I-c)化合物发生亲核取代反应得到通式(I-d)化合物;
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000024
通式(I-d)化合物与通式(I-e)化合物发生Mistunobu反应,得到的产物再进一步水解得到通式(I)化合物;
其中,R15和R16各自独立选自H、F、Cl、Br、I、羟基、C1-6烷基或者C1-6烷氧基,R17选自H、F、Cl、Br、I或者羟基;X、Y、R、Z、R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、p、q、s和t的定义与前述本发明定义一致。
根据本发明的具体实施方案,本发明的通式(I)化合物的制备方法包括:
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000025
以甲苯/乙醇/水、乙腈/水、1,4-二氧六环/水或者四氢呋喃/水为溶剂,碳酸钾、碳酸钠或者磷酸钾存在条件下,钯催化剂作用下,通式(I-a)化合物与通式(I-b)化合物发生suzuki偶联反应,得到的产物进一步在还原剂作用下加氢还原得到通式(I-c)化合物或者加氢还原后进一步发生亲核取代反应得到通式(I-c)化合物,其中所述的钯催化剂选自Pd(PPh3)4、PdCl2、Pd(OAc)2或者Pd(PPh3)2Cl2,还原剂选自硼氢化钠、硼氢化钾、氢化铝锂、硫代硼氢化钠或者三仲丁基硼氢化锂;以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、四氢呋喃或者二甲基亚砜为溶剂,碳酸钾或者碳酸铯存在条件下,加热回流,通式(I-c)化合物发生SN2反应得到通式(I-d)化合物;以二氯甲烷或者四氢呋喃为溶剂,三丁基膦条件下,偶氮二甲酸二异丙酯或者1,1-(偶氮二羰基)二哌啶存在下,通式(I-d)化合物与通式(I-e)化合物发生Mistunobu反应得到的产物,再进一步水解得到通式(I)化合物,其中,R15和R16各自独立选自H、F、Cl、Br、I、羟基、C1-6烷基或者C1-6烷氧基,R17选自H、F、Cl、Br、I或者羟基,X、Y、R、R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、p、q、s和t的定义与通式(I)定义一致。
本发明还提供了一种药物组合物,所述的组合物包括:
有效剂量的根据本发明所述的化合物或其立体异构体、水合物、酯、代谢产物、溶剂化物、药学上可接受的盐、共晶或前药;以及
一种或多种药学上可接受的载体、稀释剂、佐剂或赋形剂。
根据本发明的具体实施方案,本发明的药物组合物还进一步包括一种或多种其他治疗剂。
根据本发明的具体实施方案,本发明的药物组合物中所述的其他治疗剂包括:
(a)GPR40激动剂或药学上可接受的盐,和/或
(b)DPP-IV抑制剂或药学上可接受的盐,和/或
(c)SGLT-2抑制剂或药学上可接受的盐,和/或
(d)PPARγ激动剂和部分激动剂或药学上可接受的盐,和/或
(e)PPARα/γ双重激动剂或药学上可接受的盐,和/或
(f)PPARδ激动剂或药学上可接受的盐,和/或
(g)胰岛素或拟胰岛素或药学上可接受的盐,和/或
(h)蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶-1B(PTP-1B)抑制剂或药学上可接受的盐,和/或
(i)磺酰脲类抑制剂或药学上可接受的盐,和/或
(j)α-葡糖苷酶抑制剂或药学上可接受的盐,和/或
(k)GLP-1、GLP-1类似物、GIP-1、HSD-1或药学上可接受的盐,和/或
(l)胰高血糖素受体拮抗剂或药学上可接受的盐,和/或
(m)抗炎药,和/或
(n)回肠胆汁酸转运蛋白抑制剂或药学上可接受的盐,和/或
(o)减肥药,和/或
(p)改善患者脂质分布的药物,所述药物选自HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂、胆汁酸螯合剂、烟碱、烟酸或其盐、PPARα激动剂、胆固醇吸收抑制剂、酰基CoA(胆固醇酰基转移酶(ACAT))抑制剂、CETP抑制剂或酚类抗氧剂或药学上可接受的盐,和/或
(q)双胍类、噻唑烷二酮类、列奈类或其药学上可接受的盐或前药;
(r)PARP抑制剂。
根据本发明的具体实施方案,本发明的药物组合物中,所述GPR40激动剂选自fasiglifam hemihydrates(TAK-875)或其药学上可接受的盐或前药。
根据本发明的具体实施方案,本发明的药物组合物中,所述DDP-IV抑制剂选自linagliptin(利拉列汀)、omarigliptin(MK-3102)、sitagliptin(西他列汀)、vildagliptin(维达列汀)、alogliptin(阿格列汀)、saxagliptin(沙格列汀)、denagliptin(地格列汀)、Carmegliptin(卡格列汀)、Melogliptin(美罗利汀)、Dutogliptin(度格列汀)、Teneligliptin(特力利汀)、Gemigliptin(吉格列汀)或者Trelagliptin(曲格列汀)。
根据本发明的具体实施方案,本发明的药物组合物中,所述的SGLT-2抑制剂选自Dapagliflozin(达格列净)、Canagliflozin(坎格列净)、Atigliflozin(阿格列净)、Empagliflozin(恩帕列净)、Ipragliflozin(依帕列净)、Tofogliflozin(托伏列净)、Luseogliflozin(卢斯列净)、Remogliflozin(瑞格列净)、Sergliflozin(舍格列净)或Ertugliflozin(依托列净)。
根据本发明的具体实施方案,本发明的药物组合物中,所述的PPAR激动剂选自bezafibrate(苯扎贝特)、fenofibrate(非诺贝特)、pioglitazone(吡格列酮)或者rosiglitazone(罗格列酮)。
根据本发明的具体实施方案,本发明的药物组合物中,双胍类治疗剂选自二甲双胍或者二乙双胍。
根据本发明的具体实施方案,本发明的药物组合物中,噻唑烷二酮类治疗剂选自Ciglitazone(环格列酮)、Pioglitazone(吡咯列酮)、Rosiglitazone(罗格列酮)、Troglitazone(曲格列酮)、Farglitazar(法格列酮)或者Darglitazoan(达格列酮)。
根据本发明的具体实施方案,本发明的药物组合物中,磺酰脲类抑制剂选自Glimepiride(格列美脲)、Tolglybutamide、Glibornuride(格列波脲)、Glibenclamide(格列苯脲)、Gliquidone(格列喹酮)、Glipizide(格列吡嗪)或Gliclazipe(格列齐特)。
根据本发明的具体实施方案,本发明的药物组合物中,列奈类治疗剂选自Nateglinide(那格列奈)、Repaglinide(瑞格列奈)或者Mitiglinide(米格列奈)。
根据本发明的具体实施方案,本发明的药物组合物中,α-葡糖苷酶抑制剂选自Acarbose(阿卡波糖)、Miglitol(伏格列波糖)或者米格列醇。
根据本发明的具体实施方案,本发明的药物组合物中,GLP-1类似物选自Exenatide(艾赛 那肽)或者Liraglutide(利拉鲁肽)。
本发明还提供了所述的化合物或其立体异构体、水合物、酯、代谢产物、溶剂化物、药学上可接受的盐、共晶或前药或者所述的药物组合物在作为一种G蛋白偶联受体40激动剂用于制备药物制剂中的应用,特别是在用于制备用于治疗和/或预防代谢疾病的药物制剂中的应用。
本发明还提供了一种治疗和/或预防代谢疾病的方法,该方法包括给予受试者有效量的本发明所述的化合物或其立体异构体、水合物、酯、代谢产物、溶剂化物、药学上可接受的盐、共晶或前药,或者本发明所述的药物组合物。
根据本发明的具体实施方案,本发明的化合物或其立体异构体、水合物、酯、代谢产物、溶剂化物、药学上可接受的盐、共晶或前药或者所述的药物组合物的应用中,以及治疗和/或预防代谢疾病的方法中,所述代谢疾病包括糖尿病、II型糖尿病、糖尿病性视网膜病、糖尿病性神经病、糖尿病性肾病、糖尿病并发症、高胰岛素血症、低血糖症、血脂异常、肾脏疾病、酮症酸中毒、脂肪酸或甘油的升高的水平、肥胖症、代谢综合征、胰岛素抗性、胰岛素过敏症或者葡萄糖耐受不良中的一种或多种。优选地,所述代谢疾病包括II型糖尿病。
除非有相反的陈述,在说明书和权利要求书中使用的术语具有下述含义。
本发明所述基团和化合物中所涉及的碳、氢、氧、硫、氮或卤素均包括它们的同位素情况,及本发明所述基团和化合物中所涉及的碳、氢、氧、硫或氮任选进一步被一个或多个它们对应的同位素所替代,其中碳的同位素包括12C、13C和14C,氢的同位素包括氕(H)、氘(D,又叫重氢)、氚(T,又叫超重氢),氧的同位素包括16O、17O和18O,硫的同位素包括32S、33S、34S和36S,氮的同位素包括14N和15N,氟的同位素包括17F和19F,氯的同位素包括35Cl和37Cl,溴的同位素包括79Br和81Br。
“烷基”是指含1至20个碳原子的直链或支链饱和脂肪族烃基,优选为1至8个碳原子的烷基,更优选为1至6个碳原子的烷基,进一步优选为1至4个碳原子的烷基。非限制性实施例包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、2-戊基、3-戊基、2-甲基-2-戊基、3-甲基-2-戊基、4-甲基-2-戊基、3-甲基-3-戊基、2-甲基-3-戊基、2,3-二甲基-2-丁基、3,3-二甲基-2-丁基、正庚基、正辛基及其各种支链异构体;所述的烷基可以任选进一步被0至5个选自F、Cl、Br、I、=O、-CH2F、-CHF2、-CF3、羟基、-SR18、硝基、氰基、异氰基、烯基、炔基、烷基、羟基烷基、烷氧基、碳环基、杂环基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、-(CH2)m-C(=O)-R18、-(CH2)m-C(=O)-O-R18、-(CH2)m-C(=O)-NR18R18a、-(CH2)m-S(=O)n-R18、-O-C(=O)-O-R18或者-NR18R18a的取代基所取代,其中R18和R18a各自独立选自H、羟基、氨基、羧基、C1-8烷基、C1-8烷氧基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、3至10元碳环基、4至10元杂环基、3至10元碳环基氧基或者4至10元杂环基氧基,m选自0、1、2、3、4或者5,n选自0、1或者2。本文中出现的烷基、R18和R18a,其定义如上所述。
“烷氧基”是指-O-烷基,非限制性实施例包括甲氧基、乙氧基、1-丙氧基、2-丙氧基、1-丁氧基、2-甲基-1-丙氧基、2-丁氧基、2-甲基-2-丙氧基、1-戊氧基、2-戊氧基、3-戊氧基、2-甲基-2-丁氧基、3-甲基-2-丁氧基、3-甲基-1-丁氧基和2-甲基-1-丁氧基。
“烯基”是指含有1至3个碳-碳双键,由2-20个碳原子组成的直链或者支链不饱和脂肪族烃基,优选2-12个碳原子的烯基,更优选2-8个碳原子的烯基。非限制性实施例包括乙烯基、丙烯-2-基、丁烯-2-基、戊烯-2-基、戊烯-4-基、己烯-2-基、己烯-3-基、庚烯-2-基、庚烯-3-基、庚烯-4-基、辛烯-3-基、壬烯-3-基、癸烯-4-基和十一烯-3-基。所述的烯基可以任选进一步被0至4个选自F、Cl、Br、I、烷基、烷氧基、直链烯基、直链炔基、氨基、硝基、氰基、巯基、酰胺基、碳环基或者杂环基的取代基所取代。
“炔基”是指含有1至3个碳-碳叁键,由2-20个碳原子组成的直链或者支链不饱和脂肪族烃基,优选2-12个碳原子的炔基,更优选2-8个碳原子的炔基。非限制性实施例包括乙炔基、丙炔-1-基、丁炔-1-基、丁炔-3-基、戊炔-1-基、己炔-1-基、庚炔-1-基、庚炔-3-基、庚炔-4-基、辛炔-3-基、壬炔-3-基、癸炔-4-基、十一炔-3-基、十二炔-4-基。所述的炔基可以任选进一步被0至4个选自F、Cl、Br、I、烷基、烷氧基、直链烯基、直链炔基、氨基、硝基、氰基、巯基、酰胺基、碳环基或者杂环基的取代基所取代。
“环烷基”是指饱和的非芳香环。非限制性实施例包括环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基、环辛基和环壬基。所述的环烷基可以任选进一步被0至8个选自F、Cl、Br、I、=O、-CH2F、-CHF2、-CF3、羟基、-SR11、硝基、氰基、异氰基、烯基、炔基、烷基、羟基烷基、烷氧基、碳环基、杂环基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、-(CH2)m-C(=O)-R18、-(CH2)m-C(=O)-O-R18、-(CH2)m-C(=O)-NR18R18a、-(CH2)m-S(=O)n-R18、-O-C(=O)-O-R18或者-NR18R18a的取代基所取代,m选自0、1、2、3、4或者5,n选自0、1或者2。
“碳环基”是指饱和或者不饱和的芳香碳环或者非芳香碳环,芳香碳环或者非芳香碳环可以是3至10元的单环、4至12元双环或者10至15元三环体系,碳环基可以连接有桥环或者螺环,非限制性实施例包括环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、1-环戊基-1-烯基、1-环戊基-2-烯基、1-环戊基-3-烯基、环己基、1-环己基-2-烯基、1-环己基-3-烯基、环己烯基、环己二烯基、环庚基、环辛基、环壬基、环癸基、环十一烷基、环十二烷基、苯基、萘基、蒽基、菲基、
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000026
所述的碳环基可以任选进一步被0至8个选自F、Cl、Br、I、=O、-CH2F、-CHF2、-CF3、羟基、-SR18、硝基、氰基、异氰基、烯基、炔基、烷基、羟基烷基、烷氧基、碳环基、杂环基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、-(CH2)m-C(=O)-R18、-(CH2)m-C(=O)-O-R18、-(CH2)m-C(=O)-NR18R18a、-(CH2)m-S(=O)n-R18、-O-C(=O)-O-R18或者-NR18R18a的取代基所取代,m选自0、1、2、3、4或者5,n选自0、1或者2。本文中出现的碳环基,其定义如上所述。
“杂环基”是指取代的或未取代的饱和或不饱和的芳香杂环或者非芳香杂环,芳香杂环或者非芳香杂环可以是3至10元的单环、4至12元双环或者10至15元三环体系,且包含1至4个选自N、O或S(=O)n的杂原子或基团,优选4至8元杂环基,杂环基的环中选择性取代的N、S可被氧化成各种氧化态。杂环基可以连接在杂原子或者碳原子上,杂环基可以连接有桥环或者螺环,非限制性实施例包括环氧乙基、环氧丙基、氮杂环丙基、氧杂环丁基、氮杂环丁基、硫杂环丁基、1,3-二氧戊环基、1,4-二氧戊环基、1,3-二氧六环基、氮杂环庚基、氧杂环庚基、硫杂环庚基、氧氮杂卓基、二氮杂卓基、硫氮杂卓基、吡啶基、哌啶基、高哌啶基、呋喃基、噻吩基、吡喃基、N-烷基吡咯基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、哒嗪基、哌嗪基、高哌嗪基、咪唑基、哌啶基、哌叮基、吗啉基、硫代吗啉基、噻噁烷基、1,3-二噻基、二氢呋喃基、二氢吡喃基、二噻戊环基、四氢呋喃基、四氢噻吩基、四氢吡喃基、四氢噻喃基、四氢吡咯基、四氢咪唑基、四氢噻唑基、四氢吡喃基、苯并咪唑基、苯并吡啶基、吡咯并吡啶基、苯并二氢呋喃基、2-吡咯啉基、3-吡咯啉基、二氢吲哚基、2H-吡喃基、4H-吡喃基、二氧杂环己基、1,3-二氧戊基、吡唑啉基、二噻烷基、二噻茂烷基、二氢噻吩基、吡唑烷基咪唑啉基、咪唑烷基、1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉基、3-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己基、3-氮杂双环[4.1.0]庚基、氮杂双环[2.2.2]己基、3H-吲哚基喹嗪基、N-吡啶基尿素、1,1-二氧硫代吗啉基、氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛烷基、氮杂二环[5.2.0]壬烷基、氧杂三环[5.3.1.1]十二烷基、氮杂金刚烷基、氧杂螺[3.3]庚烷基、
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000027
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000028
所述的杂环基可以任选进一步被0至8个选自F、Cl、Br、I、=O、-CH2F、-CHF2、-CF3、羟基、-SR11、硝基、氰基、异氰基、烯基、炔基、烷基、羟基烷基、烷氧基、碳环基、杂环基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、-(CH2)m-C(=O)-R18、-(CH2)m-C(=O)-O-R18、-(CH2)m-C(=O)-NR18R18a、-(CH2)m-S(=O)n-R18、-O-C(=O)-O-R18或者-NR18R18a的取代基所取代,m选自0、1、2、3、4或者5,n选自0、1或者2。本文中出现的杂环基,其定义如上所述。
“氨基”是指-NH2
“氰基”是指
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000029
“异氰基”是指
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000030
“硝基”是指-NO2
“羟基”是指-OH。
“巯基”是指-SH。
“醛基”是指-C(=O)H。
“羧基”是指-COOH。
“=O”为本领域通常习惯用法,是指以双键相连的氧原子,譬如羰基中与碳原子相连的双键氧原子。
“羟基烷基”是指被1、2或者3个羟基取代的烷基,所述的烷基优选为C1-4烷基。非限制性实施例包括羟基甲基、1-羟基乙基、2-羟基乙基、1,2-二羟基丙基、1,3-二羟基丙基和2,3-二羟基丙基。
“药学上可接受的盐”或者“其药学上可接受的盐”是指本发明化合物保持游离酸的生物有效性和特性,且所述的游离酸通过与无毒的无机碱或者有机碱反应获得的盐。所述的无机碱的非限制性实施例包括钠、钾、铝、锂、锌、钙、镁、钡;所述的有机碱的非限制性实施例包括氨、三甲胺、四甲基铵、二乙胺、三乙胺、异丙基胺、乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、环己胺、二环己基胺、吡啶、甲基吡啶、2,6-二甲基吡啶、咖啡碱、普鲁卡因、胆碱、甜菜碱、可可碱、嘌呤、哌嗪、哌啶、N-乙基哌啶、聚胺树脂、苯明青霉素盐。
“载体”是指不会对生物体产生明显刺激且不会消除所给予化合物的生物活性和特性的材料。
“赋形剂”是指加入到药物组合物中以促进化合物给药的惰性物质。非限制性实施例包括碳酸钙、磷酸钙、糖、淀粉、纤维素衍生物(包括微晶纤维素)、明胶、植物油、聚乙二醇类、稀释剂、成粒剂、润滑剂、粘合剂和崩解剂。
“佐剂”是非特异性免疫增强剂,当与抗原一起注射或预先注入机体时,可增强机体对抗原的免疫应答或改变免疫应答类型。
“稀释剂”也叫“填充剂”。把原药加工成粉剂时,或为了使其便于喷施所加入的进行稀释的惰性物质。如:粘土、高岭土、陶土、滑石粉等。
“前药”是指可经体内代谢转化为具有生物活性的本发明化合物。本发明的前药通过修饰本发明化合物中的功能基团来制备,该修饰可以通过常规的操作或者在体内被除去,而得到母体化合物。前药包括本发明化合物中的一个羧基连接在任何基团上所形成的化合物,当本发明的前药被施予哺乳动物个体时,前药被割裂而分别形成游离的羧基。前药的例子包括但不限于,本发明化合物中的羧基功能基团与甲醇、乙醇或苯甲醇所形成的化合物。
“共晶”是指活性药物成分和共晶形成物在氢键或其他非共价键的作用下结合而成的晶体,其中API和CCF的纯态在室温下均为固体,并且各组分间存在固定的化学计量比。共晶是一种多组分晶体,既包含两种中性固体之间形成的二元共晶,也包含中性固体与盐或溶剂化物形成的多元共晶。所述“共晶形成物”的非限定性实例包括丙氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、脯氨酸、苯丙氨酸、色氨酸、蛋氨酸、甘氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、半胱氨酸、酪氨酸、天冬酰胺、谷氨酰胺、赖氨酸、精氨酸、组氨酸、天冬氨酸、门冬氨酸、谷氨酸、焦谷氨酸、硫酸、磷酸、硝酸、氢溴酸、盐酸、甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、苯磺酸、苯甲酸、苯乙酸、水杨酸、褐藻酸、氨茴酸、樟脑酸、柠檬酸、乙烯磺酸、蚁酸、富马酸、糠酸、葡萄糖酸、葡萄糖醛酸、谷氨酸、 乙醇酸、羟乙磺酸、乳酸、马来酸、苹果酸、扁桃酸、粘液酸、双羟萘酸、泛酸、硬脂酸、琥珀酸、磺胺酸、酒石酸、对甲苯磺酸、丙二酸、2-羟基丙酸、草酸、羟乙酸、葡萄糖醛酸、半乳糖醛酸、枸橼酸、肉桂酸、对甲苯磺酸、甲磺酸、乙磺酸或三氟甲磺酸、氨、异丙基胺、三甲基胺、二乙胺、三乙胺、三丙基胺、二乙醇胺、乙醇胺、二甲基乙醇胺、2-二甲基氨基乙醇、2-二乙基氨基乙醇、二环己基胺、咖啡碱、普鲁卡因、胆碱、甜菜碱、苯明青霉素、乙二胺、葡萄糖胺、甲基葡糖胺、可可碱、三乙醇胺、氨丁三醇、嘌呤、哌嗪、哌啶和N-乙基哌啶。
“立体异构体”是指由分子中原子在空间上排列方式不同所产生的异构体,包括顺反异构体、对映异构体和构象异构体。
“任选”或“任选地”或“选择性的”或“选择性地”是指随后所述的事件或状况可以但未必发生,该描述包括其中发生该事件或状况的情况及其中未发生的情况。例如,“选择性地被烷基取代的杂环基”是指该烷基可以但未必存在,该描述包括其中杂环基被烷基取代的情况,及其中杂环基未被烷基取代的情况。
“药物组合物”表示一种或多种本文所述化合物或其生理学/药学上可接受的盐或前体药物的组合或/和一种或多种其它治疗剂以及药学上可接受的赋形剂、佐剂、稀释剂和载体。
“EC50”半数有效浓度,指达到最大药效一半时的浓度。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施例详细说明本发明的实施过程和产生的有益效果,旨在帮助阅读者更好地理解本发明的实质和特点,不作为对本案可实施范围的限定。
化合物的结构是通过核磁共振(NMR)或(和)质谱(MS)来确定的。NMR位移(δ)以10-6(ppm)的单位给出。
NMR的测定是用(Bruker Avance III 400和Bruker Avance 300)核磁仪,测定溶剂为氘代二甲基亚砜(DMSO-d6),氘代氯仿(CDCl3),氘代甲醇(CD3OD),内标为四甲基硅烷(TMS)。
MS的测定用(Agilent6120B(ESI)和Agilent6120B(APCI))。
HPLC的测定使用安捷伦1260DAD高压液相色谱仪(Zorbax SB-C18100×4.6mm)。
薄层层析硅胶板使用烟台黄海HSGF254或青岛GF254硅胶板,薄层色谱法(TLC)使用的硅胶板采用的规格是0.15mm~0.20mm,薄层层析分离纯化产品采用的规格是0.4mm~0.5mm。
柱层析一般使用烟台黄海硅胶200~300目硅胶为载体。
本发明的己知的起始原料可以采用或按照本领域已知的方法来合成,或可购买于泰坦科技、安耐吉化学、上海德默、成都科龙化工、韶远化学科技、百灵威科技等公司。
氮气氛是指反应瓶连接一个约1L容积的氮气气球。
氢气氛是指反应瓶连接一个约1L容积的氢气气球。
氢化反应通常抽真空,充入氢气,反复操作3次。
实施例中无特殊说明,反应在氮气氛下进行。
实施例中无特殊说明,溶液是指水溶液。
实施例中无特殊说明,反应的温度为室温。
室温为最适宜的反应温度,为20℃~30℃。
本文所用的其他符号具有下列意义:
s:单峰;
d:二重峰;
t:三重峰;
q:四重峰;
m:多重峰;
br:宽峰;
J:耦合常数;
Hz:赫兹;
Bn:苄基;
Me:甲基;
Et:乙基;
Ts:对甲苯磺酰基;
TBS:叔丁基二甲基硅基。
中间体1:2-(5-氧-(叔丁基二甲基硅基)-3-氧代-茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯(1g)
methyl2-[5-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-3-oxo-indan-1-yl]acetate
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000031
第一步:2,4-二乙酰基-3-(4-甲氧基苯基)戊二酸乙酯(1b)
diethyl2,4-diacetyl-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)pentanedioate
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000032
0℃下,向反应瓶中依次加入对甲氧基苯甲醛1a(98.46g,0.72mol)和3-羰基丁酸乙酯(198.12g,1.52mol),缓慢滴加二异丙醇胺(30mL),升至室温后搅拌反应7天,过滤,用正己烷(100mL×4)洗涤滤饼,45℃真空干燥得到淡黄色固体状的2,4-二乙酰基-3-(4-甲氧基苯基)戊二酸乙酯1b(141.12g,产率51.8%)。
第二步:3-(4-甲氧基苯基)戊二酸(1c)
3-(4-methoxyphenyl)pentanedioic acid
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000033
向反应瓶中加入2,4-二乙酰基-3-(4-甲氧基苯基)戊二酸乙酯1b(53.02g,0.14mol)。将氢氧化钾(118.18g,2.11moL)溶于210mL水中制得20M的氢氧化钾水溶液,缓慢滴加至反应瓶中,室温下反应17小时后,将反应液倒入冰水(200mL)中,用二氯甲烷萃取(300mL×3),水相用浓盐酸调节pH至2-3左右,析出固体,过滤,滤饼用水洗涤(100mL×3),50℃真空干燥得到淡黄色固体状的3-(4-甲氧基苯基)戊二酸1c(25.32g,产率75.8%)。
1HNMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.17(d,2H),6.83(d,2H),3.71(s,3H),3.35(dd,1H),2.53(m,4H).
第三步:2-(5-甲氧基-3-氧代-茚满-1-基)乙酸(1d)
2-(5-methoxy-3-oxo-indan-1-yl)acetic acid
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000034
向反应瓶中加入3-(4-甲氧基苯基)戊二酸1c(25.00g,0.1mol)和多聚磷酸(373.19g,1.10mol),升温至100℃下反应6小时,搅拌下向反应液缓慢加入冰水(3L),用乙酸乙酯萃取(1500mL×2),合并有机相,用适量的无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,将滤液减压浓缩,加入乙酸乙酯(600mL)溶解,用1M氢氧化钠溶液洗涤(500mL×1),加入乙酸乙酯(800mL),用浓盐酸调pH为2-3左右,合并有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,将滤液减压浓缩得到棕色油状的2-(5-甲氧基-3-氧代-茚满-1-基)乙酸1d(12.81g,产率55.4%)。
第四步:2-(5-甲氧基-3-氧代-茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯(1e)
methyl2-(5-methoxy-3-oxo-indan-1-yl)acetate
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000035
将2-(5-甲氧基-3-氧代-茚满-1-基)乙酸1d(12.81g,0.058mol)溶于甲醇(100mL)中,缓慢滴加浓硫酸(8mL),室温反应5小时,向反应体系中依次加入水(200mL)和乙酸乙酯(300mL),有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,将滤液减压浓缩,残留物用硅胶柱色谱分离提纯(石油醚/乙酸乙酯(v/v)=10∶1)得到白色固体状的2-(5-甲氧基-3-氧代-茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯1e(3.37g,产率24.7%)。
第五步:2-(5-羟基-3-氧代-茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯(1f)
methyl2-(5-hydroxy-3-oxo-indan-1-yl)acetate
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000036
将2-(5-甲氧基-3-氧代-茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯1e(5.50g,23.48mmol)溶于甲苯(100mL),加入三氯化铝(6.5g,48.68mmol),加热回流反应30分钟,停止反应,冷却至室温,将反应液缓慢倒入冰水中,用乙酸乙酯萃取(50mL×3),饱和食盐水洗涤(100mL×1),合并有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,将滤液减压浓缩,残留物用硅胶柱色谱分离提纯(石油醚/乙酸乙酯(v/v)=3∶1)得到淡黄色固体状的2-(5-羟基-3-氧代-茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯1f(2.40g,产率46%)。
第六步:2-(5-氧-(叔丁基二甲基硅基)-3-氧代-茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯(1g)
methyl2-[5-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-3-oxo-indan-1-yl]acetate
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000037
将2-(5-羟基-3-氧代-茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯1f(1.80g,8.18mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(30mL)中,加入叔丁基二甲基氯硅烷(2.40g,15.92mmol)和咪唑(1.20g,17.63mmol),室温反应1小时,过滤,将滤液加入水稀释(30mL),用二氯甲烷萃取(30mL×3),饱和食盐水洗涤(100mL×1),合并有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,将滤液减压浓缩,残留物用硅胶柱色谱分离提纯(石油醚/乙酸乙酯(v/v)=12∶1)得到淡黄色油状的2-(5-氧-(叔丁基二甲基硅基)-3-氧代-茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯1g(2.58g,产率94%)。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.34(d,1H),7.11(m,2H),3.75(m,1H),3.71(s,3H),3.00(dd,1H),2.84(dd,1H),2.48(ddd,2H),0.98(s,9H),0.20(s,6H).
中间体2:2-(3-氯甲基)苯基-1,3-二甲基-5-(3-甲磺酰基丙氧基)苯(2h)
2-[3-(chloromethyl)phenyl]-1,3-dimethyl-5-(3-methylsulfonylpropoxy)benzene
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000038
第一步:3-甲硫基丙基-4-甲基苯磺酸(2b)
3-methylsulfanylpropyl4-methylbenzenesulfonate
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000039
将3-甲硫基丙基-1-醇2a(20.0g,188mmol,德默)溶于甲苯(100mL)中,氮气保护下,依次加入N,N,N′,N′-四甲基-1,6-己二胺(3.25g,19mmol)和三乙胺(40mL,277mmol),冰浴下缓慢滴加对甲苯磺酰氯(54.0g,283mmol)的甲苯(100mL)溶液,冰浴搅拌反应3小时,用乙酸乙酯(100mL×2)萃取,合并有机相并用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,将滤液减压浓缩,残留物用硅胶柱色谱分离提纯(石油醚/乙酸乙酯(v/v)=30∶1)得到淡黄色油状的3-甲硫基丙基-4-甲基苯磺酸2b(32.34g,产率67.0%)。
第二步:3-甲基硫磺酰基丙基-4-甲基苯磺酸(2c)
3-methylsulfonylpropyl4-methylbenzenesulfonate
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000040
将3-甲硫基丙基-4-甲基苯磺酸2b(12.2g,46.9mmol)溶于甲醇(250mL)中,冰浴搅拌5分钟,缓慢滴加过氧硫酸氢钾复合盐(57.7g,93.8mmol)的水(250mL)溶液,撤去冰浴,室温搅拌20小时,将反应液缓慢倒入水(1L)中,搅拌10分钟,过滤,将滤饼溶于二氯甲烷(100mL)中,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,将滤液减压浓缩,得到白色粉末状的3-甲基硫磺酰基 丙基-4-甲基苯磺酸2c(11.89g,产率86.7%)。
第三步:3-(4-羟基-2,6-二甲基-苯基)苯甲醛(2e)
3-(4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-phenyl)benzaldehyde
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000041
将4-溴-3,5-二甲基苯酚2d(17.44g,0.087mol)溶于1M的碳酸钠溶液(210mL)、乙醇(90mL)和甲苯(210mL)的混合溶液中,依次加入3-甲酰基苯硼酸(13.02g,0.087mol)和四(三苯基膦)钯(5.00g,0.043mol),氮气保护,加热至80℃下搅拌反应24小时,冷却至室温,依次加入水(200mL)和乙酸乙酯(200mL),过滤,滤液用饱和食盐水洗涤(200mL×2),合并有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,将滤液减压浓缩,残留物用硅胶柱色谱分离提纯(石油醚/乙酸乙酯(v/v)=15∶1→石油醚/乙酸乙酯(v/v)=10∶1)得到类白色固体状的3-(4-羟基-2,6-二甲基-苯基)苯甲醛2e(16.22g,产率82.6%)。
第四步:3-(2,6-二甲基-4-(3-甲磺酰基丙氧基)苯基)苯甲醛(2f)
3-[2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-methylsulfonylpropoxy)phenyl]benzaldehyde
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000042
将3-甲基硫磺酰基丙基-4-甲基苯磺酸2c(30.98g,0.11mol)溶于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(150mL)中,依次加入3-(4-羟基-2,6-二甲基-苯基)苯甲醛2e(16.22g,0.072mol)和碳酸钾(15.86g,0.11mol),加热至90℃搅拌反应24小时,加入冰水(300mL),用乙酸乙酯萃取(500mL×2),用饱和食盐水洗涤(300mL×2),合并有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,将滤液减压浓缩,残留物用乙酸乙酯(30mL)溶解,缓慢滴加正己烷(60mL),析出固体,静置析晶1小时,过滤,将滤饼真空干燥得到类白色固体状的3-(2,6-二甲基-4-(3-甲磺酰基丙氧基)苯基)苯甲醛2f(11.38g,产率45.8%)。
第五步:3-(2,6-二甲基-4-(3-甲磺酰基丙氧基)苯基)苯甲醇(2g)
[3-[2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-methylsulfonylpropoxy)phenyl]phenyl]methanol
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000043
将3-(2,-二甲基-4-(3-甲磺酰基丙氧基)苯基)苯甲醛2f(11.38g,0.033mol)溶于四氢呋喃(100mL)和甲醇(100mL)的混合溶液中,冰浴下分批加入硼氢化钠(1.47g,0.039mol),升至室温反应3小时,用浓盐酸调pH至3-4左右,依次加入乙酸乙酯(300mL)和水(500mL),饱 和食盐水洗涤(200mL×1),合并有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,将滤液减压浓缩,残留物用乙酸乙酯(20mL)溶解,缓慢滴加正己烷(50mL),静置析晶1小时,过滤,将滤饼真空干燥得到类白色固体状的3-(2,6-二甲基-4-(3-甲磺酰基丙氧基)苯基)苯甲醇2g(10.70g,产率93.5%)。
第六步:2-(3-氯甲基)苯基-1,3-二甲基-5-(3-甲磺酰基丙氧基)苯(2h)
2-[3-(chloromethyl)phenyl]-1,3-dimethyl-5-(3-methylsulfonylpropoxy)benzene
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000044
将3-(2,6-二甲基-4-(3-甲磺酰基丙氧基)苯基)苯甲醇2g(0.18g,0.33mol)溶于二氯甲烷(30mL)中,氮气氛下冰浴搅拌5分钟,再注入二氯亚砜(0.90mL),冰浴搅拌3分钟,室温反应3小时,停止反应,减压浓缩得到粗产品2-(3-氯甲基)苯基-1,3-二甲基-5-(3-甲磺酰基丙氧基)苯2h。
中间体3:(3R)-3-(4-(3-氯甲基)苯基)-3,5-二甲基苯氧基)四氢呋喃(3e)
(3R)-3-[4-[3-(chloromethyl)phenyl]-3,5-dimethyl-phenoxy]tetrahydrofuran
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000045
第一步:((3S)-四氢呋喃-3-基)-4-甲基苯磺酸酯(3b)
[(3S)-tetrahydrofuran-3-yl]4-methylbenzenesulfonate
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000046
氮气保护下,将(S)-(+)-3-羟基四氢呋喃3a(660.8mg,7.5mmol)、四甲基己二胺(1.6mL,7.5mmol)和三乙胺(1.6mL,11.3mmol)溶于甲苯(15mL)中。冰浴下,滴加对甲苯磺酰氯(2.1g,11.25mmol)的甲苯(10mL)溶液。0℃氮气氛围下继续反应2小时。向反应液中加入水(50mL)淬灭反应,用乙酸乙酯(50mL×3)萃取,合并有机相,用饱和食盐水(50mL×2)洗涤,合并有
机相,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,将滤液减压浓缩,残留物用硅胶柱色谱分离纯化(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=4∶1)得到淡黄色油状的((3S)-四氢呋喃-3-基)-4-甲基苯磺酸酯3b(1.34g,产率75%)。
第二步:3-(2,6-二甲基-4-((3R)-四氢呋喃-3-基)氧基-苯基)苯甲醛(3c)
3-[2,6-dimethyl-4-[(3R)-tetrahydrofuran-3-yl]oxy-phenyl]benzaldehyde
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000047
将((3S)-四氢呋喃-3-基)-4-甲基苯磺酸酯3b(1.28g,5.28mmol)、3-(4-羟基-2,6-二甲基-苯基)苯甲醛2e(1.00g,4.42mmol)和碳酸铯(1.73g,5.30mmol)溶于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(15mL)中,氮气氛围,升温至90℃搅拌反应3小时。向反应液中加入水(50mL)淬灭反应,用乙酸乙酯(50mL×3)萃取,分别用1M氢氧化钠溶液(100mL×1)和饱和食盐水(100mL×1)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥。过滤,滤液减压浓缩,残留物用硅胶柱色谱分离纯化(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=10∶1)得到黄色油状的3-(2,6-二甲基-4-((3R)-四氢呋喃-3-基)氧基-苯基)苯甲醛3c(1.15g,产率88%)。
第三步:(3-(2,6-二甲基-4-(3R)四氢呋喃-3-基)氧基-苯基)苯甲醇(3d)
[3-[2,6-dimethyl-4-[(3R)-tetrahydrofuran-3-yl]oxy-phenyl]phenyl]methanol
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000048
氮气保护下,将3-(2,6-二甲基-4-((3R)-四氢呋喃-3-基)氧基-苯基)苯甲醛3c(1.15g,3.88mmol)溶于甲醇(30mL)溶剂中,冰浴下,分小份向体系中加入硼氢化钠(734.53mg,19.42mmol)。升至室温搅拌反应15分钟,向反应液中加入水(20mL)淬灭反应。浓缩反应液,加入1M盐酸(20mL),用乙酸乙酯(30mL×3)萃取,合并有机相并用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,将滤液减压浓缩。残留物用硅胶柱色谱分离纯化(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=4/1),得到无色透明油状的(3-(2,6-二甲基-4-((3R)四氢呋喃-3-基)氧基-苯基)苯甲醇3d(1.1g,产率98%)。
第四步:(R)3-(4-(3-氯甲基)苯基)-3,5-二甲基苯氧基)四氢呋喃(3e)
(R)3-[4-[3-(chloromethyl)phenyl]-3,5-dimethyl-phenoxy]tetrahydrofuran
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000049
将(3-(2,6-二甲基-4-((3R)四氢呋喃-3-基)氧基-苯基)苯甲醇3d(300mg,1.01mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(25mL)溶剂中,冰浴下滴加二氯亚砜(600mg,5.05mmol),室温反应6小时,减压浓缩得到粗产品(R)3-(4-(3-氯甲基)苯基)-3,5-二甲基苯氧基)四氢呋喃3e。
中间体4:2-(5-羟基-3-氧代-茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯(异构体1,4a)和2-(5-羟基-3-氧代-茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯(异构体2,4b)
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000050
将2-(5-羟基-3-氧代-茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯1f(51.53g,0.25mol)进行手性拆分,采用超临界流体色谱法(supercritical fluid chromatography,SFC),用制备设备和手性柱对手性异构体进行分离(分离条件:手性柱CHIRALPAK AD 0.46cm I.D.×15cm L,流动相:二氧化碳/甲醇(v/v)=60/40,流速:2.0mL/分钟,UV=254nm,柱温:25℃),收集其相应组分,减压浓缩,得到2-(5-羟基-3-氧代-茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯4a(异构体1,25.63g,ee>98%,RT=4.40min)和2-(5-羟基-3-氧代-茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯4b(异构体2,16.52g,ee>98%,RT=7.47min)。
实施例1:2-(5-((3-(2,6-二甲基-4-(3-甲磺酰基丙氧基)苯基)苯基)甲氧基)-3-亚甲基-茚满-1-基)乙酸(化合物1)
2-[5-[[3-[2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-methylsulfonylpropoxy)phenyl]phenyl]methoxy]-3-methylene-indan-1-y l]acetic acid
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000051
第一步:2-(5-羟基-3-亚甲基-茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯(1B)
methyl 2-(5-hydroxy-3-methylene-indan-1-yl)acetate
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000052
氮气氛围、0℃条件下,将甲基三苯基溴化膦(3.11g,8.71mmoL)溶于四氢呋喃(20mL)中,缓慢滴加叔丁醇钾的四氢呋喃溶液(0.98g,8.71mmoL),0℃搅拌反应0.5小时,缓慢滴加2-(5-氧-(叔丁基二甲基硅基)-3-氧代-茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯1g的四氢呋喃溶液(1.94g,5.80mmoL),室温搅拌反应2小时,缓缓加入饱和氯化铵水溶液(30mL)终止反应。用乙酸乙酯(30mL×3)萃取,饱和食盐水(100mL×1)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,将滤液减压浓缩,硅胶柱色谱分离提纯(石油醚/乙酸乙酯(v/v)=20∶1)得到淡黄色油状的2-(5-羟基-3-亚甲基-茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯1B(1.53g,产率79.3%)。
第二步:2-(5-((3-(2,6-二甲基-4-(3-甲磺酰基丙氧基)苯基)苯甲醇)-3-亚甲基-茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯(1C)
methyl 2-[5-[[3-[2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-methylsulfonylpropoxy)phenyl]phenyl]methoxy]-3-methylene-indan-1-yl]acetate
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000053
氮气氛围、0℃条件下,将2-(5-羟基-3-亚甲基-茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯1B(0.77g,3.53mmoL)溶于二氯甲烷(30mL)中,依次加入3-(2,6-二甲基-4-(3-甲磺酰基丙氧基)苯基)苯甲醇2g(1.30g,3.73mmol)、三丁基膦(1.60g,7.91mmol),偶氮二羰基哌啶(1.80g,7.13mmol),室温搅拌2小时,加入石油醚(20mL)终止反应,过滤,将滤液减压浓缩,硅胶柱色谱分离提纯(石油醚/乙酸乙酯(v/v)=6∶1)得到淡黄色固体状的2-(5-((3-(2,6-二甲基-4-(3-甲磺酰基丙氧基)苯基)苯甲醇)-3-亚甲基-茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯1C(1.24g,产率65.0%)。
第三步:2-(5-((3-(2,6-二甲基-4-(3-甲磺酰基丙氧基)苯基)苯甲醇)-3-亚甲基-茚满-1-基)乙酸(化合物1)
2-[5-[[3-[2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-methylsulfonylpropoxy)phenyl]phenyl]methoxy]-3-methylene-indan-1-y l]acetic acid
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000054
将2-(5-((3-(2,6-二甲基-4-(3-甲磺酰基丙氧基)苯基)苯甲醇)-3-亚甲基-茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯 1C(1.24g,2.26mmol)溶于甲醇(5mL)和四氢呋喃(15mL)的混合溶液中,加入2M的氢氧化钠溶液(10mL),室温搅拌1小时,加入石油醚(75mL),搅拌15分钟后,过滤,向滤液中加入水(30mL),用乙酸乙酯(30mL×3)萃取,饱和食盐水(50mL×1)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,将滤液减压浓缩,柱色谱分离提纯(石油醚/乙酸乙酯(v/v)=1∶1)得到白色粉末状的2-(5-((3-(2,6-二甲基-4-(3-甲磺酰基丙氧基)苯基)苯甲醇)-3-亚甲基-茚满-1-基)乙酸化合物1(0.66g,产率55.0%,HPLC:96.8%)。
MS m/z(ESI):535.40[M+1].
1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO)δ12.23(s,1H),7.44(d,2H),7.19(m,3H),7.06(d,1H),6.92(d,1H),6.71(s,2H),5.47(s,1H),5.17(s,2H),5.01(s,1H),4.11(m,2H),3.41(m,1H),3.27(d,2H),3.03(s,3H),2.98(m,1H),2.66(dd,1H),2.40(d,1H),2.27(m,1H),2.15(d,2H),1.94(s,6H).
实施例2:2-(5-((3-(2,6-二甲基-4-(3-甲磺酰基丙氧基)苯基)苯基)甲氧基)-3-亚乙基-茚满-1-基)乙酸(化合物2)
(Z)2-[5-[[3-[2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-methylsulfonylpropoxy)phenyl]phenyl]methoxy]-3-ethylidene-indan-1-yl]acetic acid
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000055
第一步:2-(5-氧-(叔丁基二甲基硅基)-3-亚乙基-茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯(2B)
methyl 2-[5-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-3-ethylidene-indan-1-yl]acetate
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000056
氮气保护、0℃条件下,将甲基三苯基溴化膦(1.73g,4.67mmol)溶于四氢呋喃(15mL) 中,缓慢滴加叔丁醇钾(0.52g,4.67mmol),0℃搅拌30分钟,缓慢滴加2-(5-氧-(叔丁基二甲基硅基)-3-氧代-茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯1g(1.30g,3.89mmol),室温反应2小时。向反应液中加入饱和氯化铵水溶液(20mL)淬灭反应,再加水稀释,用乙酸乙酯(30mL×3)萃取,用饱和食盐水洗涤(50mL×1),合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥。过滤,滤液减压浓缩,残留物用硅胶柱层析分离纯化(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=20/1),得到淡黄色粘稠状的2-(5-氧-(叔丁基二甲基硅基)-3-亚乙基-茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯2B(530mg,产率40%)。
第二步:2-(3-亚乙基-5-羟基-茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯(2C)
methyl 2-[3-ethylidene-5-hydroxy-indan-1-yl]acetate
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000057
将2-(5-氧-(叔丁基二甲基硅基)-3-亚乙基-茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯2B(570mg,1.65mol)溶于四氢呋喃(15mL)中,加入四丁基氟化铵(969mg,3.08mmol),室温反应1小时,向反应液中加入水(10mL)淬灭反应,用乙酸乙酯(15mL×3)萃取,有机相用饱和食盐水洗涤,合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥。过滤,滤液减压浓缩,用硅胶柱层析分离纯化(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=8∶1),得到无色粘稠状的2-(3-亚乙基-5-羟基-茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯2C(363mg,产率95%)。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.17(d,1H),7.05(dd,1H),6.84(d,1H),5.94(m,1H),5.14(s,1H),3.71(s,3H),3.54(m,1H),3.01(m,2H),2.70(m,1H),2.35(m,1H),1.96(d,3H).
第三步:2-(5-((3-(2,6-二甲基-4-(3-甲磺酰基丙氧基)苯基)苯基)甲氧基)-3-亚乙基茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯(2D)
methyl 2-[5-[[3-[2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-methylsulfonylpropoxy)phenyl]phenyl]m-ethoxy]-3-ethylidene-indan-1-yl]acetate
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000058
将3-(2,6-二甲基-4-(3-甲磺酰基丙氧基)苯基)苯甲醇2g(330mg,1.52mmol)和2-(3-亚乙基-5-羟基-茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯2C(363mg,1.51mmol)溶于二氯甲烷中,氮气保护、0℃条件下,加入偶氮二甲酰二哌啶(838mg,3.32mmol)和三丁基膦(672mg,3.32mmol),室温反应3小时,向反应液中加入正己烷(10mL),过滤,用水稀释滤液,用二氯甲烷(30mL×3)萃取,有机相用饱和食盐水(50mL×1)洗涤,合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥。过滤,滤液减压浓缩,用硅胶柱层析分离纯化(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=3∶1),得到白色固体状的2-(5-((3-(2,6-二甲基-4-(3-甲磺酰基丙氧基)苯基)苯基)甲氧基)-3-亚乙基茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯2D(507mg,产率59%)。
第四步:2-(5-((3-(2,6-二甲基-4-(3-甲磺酰基丙氧基)苯基)苯基)甲氧基)-3-亚乙基-茚满-1-基)乙酸(化合物2)
2-[5-[[3-[2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-methylsulfonylpropoxy)phenyl]phenyl]methoxy]-3-ethylidene-indan-1-y l]acetic acid
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000059
将2-(5-((3-(2,6-二甲基-4-(3-甲磺酰基丙氧基)苯基)苯基)甲氧基)-3-亚乙基茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯2D(507mg,0.90mmol)溶于四氢呋喃(15mL)中,0℃下,缓慢滴加2M的氢氧化钠溶液(5mL),室温反应3小时,用1M的盐酸调节pH≤5,用乙酸乙酯(30mL×3)萃取,合并有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,将滤液减压浓缩,用硅胶柱色谱分离提纯(石油醚/乙酸乙酯(v/v)=1∶1)得到白色固体状的2-(5-((3-(2,6-二甲基-4-(3-甲磺酰基丙氧基)苯基)苯基)甲氧基)-3-亚乙基-茚满-1-基)乙酸化合物2(363mg,产率73%,HPLC:95.6%)。
MS m/z(ESI):549.50[M+1].
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.43(m,2H),7.14(m,4H),6.85(dd,1H),6.64(s,2H),5.93(d,1H),5.11(s,2H),4.12(m,2H),3.60(m,2H),3.27(m,1H),3.08(s,3H),2.97(m,1H),2.75(m,1H),2.38(m,2H),2.25(m,2H),2.00(s,6H),1.94(m,3H).
实施例3:2-(5-((3-(2,6-二甲基-4-(3-甲磺酰基丙氧基)苯基)苯基)甲氧基)-3-氧代茚满-1-基)乙酸(化合物3)
2-[5-[[3-[2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-methylsulfonylpropoxy)phenyl]phenyl]methoxy]-3-oxo-indan-1-yl]aceti cacid
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000060
第一步:2-(5-((3-(2,6-二甲基-4-(3-甲磺酰基丙氧基)苯基)苯基)甲氧基)-3-氧代茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯(3B)
methyl 2-[5-[[3-[2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-methylsulfonylpropoxy)phenyl]phenyl]meth-oxy]-3-oxo-indan-1-yl]acetate
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000061
将2-(3-氯甲基)苯基-1,3-二甲基-5-(3-甲磺酰基丙氧基)苯2h(0.31g,0.86mmol)溶于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(5mL),加入2-(5-羟基-3-氧代-茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯1f(0.21g,0.95mmol)和碳酸铯(0.74g,2.32mmol),氮气保护、80℃条件下反应过夜,加入饱和食盐水(50mL)和乙酸乙酯(60mL),静置分液,有机相用饱和食盐水洗涤(50mL×1),合并有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,将滤液减压浓缩,残留物用硅胶柱色谱分离提纯(石油醚/乙酸乙酯(v/v)=3∶1→石油醚/乙酸乙酯(v/v)=1∶1)得到无色油状的2-(5-((3-(2,6-二甲基-4-(3-甲磺酰基丙氧基)苯基)苯基)甲氧基)-3-氧代茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯3B(0.18g,产率38.30%)。
第二步:2-(5-((3-(2,6-二甲基-4-(3-甲磺酰基丙氧基)苯基)苯基)甲氧基)-3-氧代茚满-1-基)乙酸(化合物3)
2-[5-[[3-[2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-methylsulfonylpropoxy)phenyl]phenyl]methoxy]-3-oxo-indan-1-yl]aceti cacid
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000062
将2-(5-((3-(2,6-二甲基-4-(3-甲磺酰基丙氧基)苯基)苯基)甲氧基)-3-氧代茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯3B(0.18g,0.33mmol)溶于四氢呋喃(10mL)中,再加入氢氧化钠溶液(13.2mL,13.2mmol),室温反应3小时,用1M盐酸调pH至3,依次加入饱和食盐水(30mL)和乙酸乙酯(70mL),静置分液,有机相用饱和食盐水洗涤(50mL×1),合并有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,将滤液减压浓缩,残留物用硅胶柱色谱分离提纯(石油醚/乙酸乙酯(v/v)=1∶2)得到无色透明油状的2-(5-((3-(2,6-二甲基-4-(3-甲磺酰基丙氧基)苯基)苯基)甲氧基)-3-氧代茚满-1-基)乙酸化合物3(0.116g,产率65.54%,HPLC:96.6%)。
MS m/z(ESI):537.1[M+1].
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.41(dd,3H),7.28(d,2H),7.18(s,1H),7.09(d,1H),6.65(s,2H),5.14(s,2H),4.24-4.07(m,3H),3.78(s,1H),3.37-3.23(m,2H),2.97(s,3H),2.67-2.45(m,2H),2.44-2.29(m,2H),2.05(s,2H),1.99(s,6H).
实施例4:2-(5-((3-(2,6-二甲基-4-(3-甲磺酰基丙氧基)苯基)苯基)甲氧基)-3-亚甲基-茚满-1-基)乙酸(化合物4)
2-[5-[[3-[2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-methylsulfonylpropoxy)phenyl]phenyl]methoxy]-3-methylene-indan-1-y l]acetic acid
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000063
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000064
第一步:2-(5-氧-(叔丁基二甲基硅基)-3-氧代-茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯(4B)
methyl 2-[5-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-3-oxo-indan-1-yl]acetate
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000065
将2-(5-羟基-3-氧代-茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯4a(异构体1,1.00g,4.54mmol)和叔丁基二甲基氯硅烷(1.37g,9.09mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(50mL)中,再加入咪唑(0.93g,13.63mmol),室温反应2小时,向反应液中加入水(30mL)淬灭反应,用二氯甲烷(30mL×3)萃取,合并有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥。过滤,滤液减压浓缩,残留物用硅胶柱层析分离纯化(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=6/1),得到无色油状的2-(5-氧-(叔丁基二甲基硅基)-3-氧代-茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯4B(1.52g,产率99%)。
第二步:2-(5-氧-(叔丁基二甲基硅基)-3-亚甲基-茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯(4C)
methyl 2-[5-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-3-methylene-indan-1-yl]acetate
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000066
氮气氛、0℃条件下,将甲基三苯基溴化膦(2.44g,6.82mmol)和叔丁醇钾(0.765g,6.82mmol)溶于四氢呋喃(50mL)中,0℃搅拌30分钟,将2-(5-氧-(叔丁基二甲基硅基)-3-氧代-茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯4B(1.52g,4.55mmol)的四氢呋喃(15mL)溶液缓慢滴入反应液中,缓慢升至室温,反应2小时。向反应液中加入饱和氯化铵水溶液淬灭反应,再加水稀释,用乙酸乙酯(30mL×3)萃取,有机相用饱和食盐水洗涤(50mL×1),合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥。过滤,滤液减压浓缩,残留物用硅胶柱层析分离纯化(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=10∶1),得到无色油状的2-(5-氧-(叔丁基二甲基硅基)-3-亚甲基-茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯4C(1.32g,产率87%)。
第三步:2-(5-羟基-3-亚甲基-茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯(4D)
methyl 2-[5-hydroxy-3-methylene-indan-1-yl]acetate
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000067
将2-(5-氧-(叔丁基二甲基硅基)-3-亚甲基-茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯4C(1.32g,3.97mmol)溶于四氢呋喃(30mL)中,再加入四丁基氟化铵(3.11g,11.91mmol),室温反应30分钟,向反应液中加入水淬灭反应,用乙酸乙酯(30mL×3)萃取,合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥。过滤,滤液减压浓缩,得到粗产品2-(5-羟基-3-亚甲基-茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯4D。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ9.34(s,1H),7.10(d,1H),6.86(s,1H),6.69(d,1H),5.37(s,1H),4.98(s,1H),3.63(s,3H),3.42(m,1H),2.97(ddt,1H),2.72(dd,1H),2.39(m,2H).
第四步:2-(5-((3-(2,6-二甲基-4-(3-甲磺酰基丙氧基)苯基)苯基)甲氧基)-3-亚甲基茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯(4E)
methyl 2-[5-[[3-[2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-methylsulfonylpropoxy)phenyl]phenyl]-methoxy]-3-methylene-indan-1-yl]acetate
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000068
将3-(2,6-二甲基-4-(3-甲磺酰基丙氧基)苯基)苯甲醇2g(227mg,0.65mmol)、2-(5-羟基-3-亚甲基-茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯4D(129mg,0.60mmol)、偶氮二甲酰二哌啶(333mg,1.32mmol)、三丁基膦(267mg,1.32mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(10mL)中,室温反应2小时,浓缩反应液,用硅胶柱层析分离纯化(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=6∶1),得到白色固体状的2-(5-((3-(2,6-二甲基-4-(3-甲磺酰基丙氧基)苯基)苯基)甲氧基)-3-亚甲基茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯4E(230mg,产率70%)。
第五步:2-(5-((3-(2,6-二甲基-4-(3-甲磺酰基丙氧基)苯基)苯基)甲氧基)-3-亚甲基茚满-1-基)乙酸(化合物4)
2-[5-[[3-[2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-methylsulfonylpropoxy)phenyl]phenyl]methoxy]-3-methylene-indan-1-y l]acetic acid
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000069
将2-(5-((3-(2,6-二甲基-4-(3-甲磺酰基丙氧基)苯基)苯基)甲氧基)-3-亚甲基茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯4E(230mg,0.42mmol)溶于四氢呋喃(10mL)和甲醇(10mL)的混合溶液中,再加入2M氢氧化钠溶液(84mg,2.10mmol),室温反应3小时,用2M盐酸调pH≤2,用乙酸乙酯(30 mL×3)萃取,合并有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,将滤液减压浓缩,用硅胶柱色谱分离提纯(石油醚/乙酸乙酯(v/v)=1∶1)得到白色固体状的2-(5-((3-(2,6-二甲基-4-(3-甲磺酰基丙氧基)苯基)苯基)甲氧基)-3-亚甲基茚满-1-基)乙酸化合物4(0.117g,产率51%,HPLC:98.8%)。
MS m/z(ESI):535.28[M+1].
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ12.22(s,1H),7.43(dt,2H),7.23(d,1H),7.17(m,2H),7.06(d,1H),6.92(dd,1H),6.71(s,2H),5.47(s,1H),5.17(s,2H),5.01(s,1H),4.09(t,2H),3.42(dt,1H),3.28(dd,2H),3.03(s,3H),2.98(m,1H),2.66(dd,1H),2.40(dd,1H),2.27(dd,1H),2.14(dt,2H),1.92(s,6H).
实施例5:2-(5-((3-(2,6-二甲基-4-(3-甲磺酰基丙氧基)苯基)苯基)甲氧基)-3-亚甲基-茚满-1-基)乙酸(化合物5)
2-[5-[[3-[2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-methylsulfonylpropoxy)phenyl]phenyl]methoxy]-3-methylene-indan-1-y l]acetic acid
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000070
第一步:2-(5-氧-(叔丁基二甲基硅基)-3-氧代-茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯(5B)
methyl 2-[5-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-3-oxo-indan-1-yl]acetate
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000071
将2-(5-羟基-3-氧代-茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯4b(异构体2,1.00g,4.54mmol)和叔丁基二甲基氯硅烷(1.37g,9.09mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(50mL)中,再加入咪唑(0.93g,13.63mmol),室温反应2小时,向反应液中加入水(10mL)淬灭反应,用乙酸乙酯(20mL×3)萃取,有机相用饱和食盐水洗涤(100mL×1),合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥。过滤,滤液减压浓缩,用硅胶柱层析分离纯化(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=6∶1),得到无色油状的2-(5-氧-(叔丁基二甲基硅 基)-3-氧代-茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯5B(1.52g,产率99%)。
第二步:2-(5-氧-(叔丁基二甲基硅基)-3-亚甲基-茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯(5C)
methyl 2-[5-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-3-methylene-indan-1-yl]acetate
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000072
氮气保护、0℃条件下,将甲基三苯基溴化膦(2.44g,6.82mmol)和叔丁醇钾(0.765g,6.82mmol)溶于四氢呋喃(50mL)中,0℃搅拌20分钟,将(R)2-(5-氧-(叔丁基二甲基硅基)-3-氧代-茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯5B(1.52g,4.55mmol)的四氢呋喃溶液(10mL)缓慢滴入反应液中,缓慢升至室温,反应2小时。向反应液中加入饱和氯化铵水溶液(30mL×1)淬灭反应,用乙酸乙酯(20mL×3)萃取,有机相用饱和食盐水洗涤(50mL×1),合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥。过滤,滤液减压浓缩,用硅胶柱层析分离纯化(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=15∶1),得到无色油状的2-(5-氧-(叔丁基二甲基硅基)-3-亚甲基-茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯5C(1.06g,产率70%)。
第三步:2-(5-羟基-3-亚甲基-茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯(5D)
methyl 2-[5-hydroxy-3-methylene-indan-1-yl]acetate
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000073
将2-(5-氧-(叔丁基二甲基硅基)-3-亚甲基-茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯5C(1.06g,3.19mmol)和四丁基氟化铵(2.51g,9.51mmol)溶于四氢呋喃(20mL)中,室温反应2小时,向反应液中加入水(10mL)淬灭反应,用乙酸乙酯(30mL×3)萃取,有机相用饱和食盐水洗涤(50mL×1),合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥。过滤,滤液减压浓缩,用硅胶柱层析分离纯化(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=5∶1),得到无色油状的2-(5-羟基-3-亚甲基-茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯5D(660mg,产率95%)。
第四步:2-(5-((3-(2,6-二甲基-4-(3-甲磺酰基丙氧基)苯基)苯基)甲氧基)-3-亚甲基茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯(5E)
methyl 2-[5-[[3-[2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-methylsulfonylpropoxy)phenyl]phenyl]-methoxy]-3-methylene-indan-1-yl]acetate
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000074
将3-(2,6-二甲基-4-(3-甲磺酰基丙氧基)苯基)苯甲醇2g(1.16g,3.33mmol)、2-(5-羟基-3- 亚甲基-茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯5D(660mg,3.02mmol)、偶氮二甲酰二哌啶(1.68g,6.64mmol)、三丁基膦(1.34g,6.64mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(30mL)中,室温反应3小时,浓缩反应液,用硅胶柱层析分离纯化(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=12/1),得到白色固体状的2-(5-((3-(2,6-二甲基-4-(3-甲磺酰基丙氧基)苯基)苯基)甲氧基)-3-亚甲基茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯5E(600mg,产率36%)。
第五步:2-(5-((3-(2,6-二甲基-4-(3-甲磺酰基丙氧基)苯基)苯基)甲氧基)-3-亚甲基茚满-1-基)乙酸(化合物5)
2-[5-[[3-[2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-methylsulfonylpropoxy)phenyl]phenyl]methoxy]-3-methylene-indan-1-y l]acetic acid
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000075
将2-(5-((3-(2,6-二甲基-4-(3-甲磺酰基丙氧基)苯基)苯基)甲氧基)-3-亚甲基茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯5E(600mg,1.09mmol)溶于四氢呋喃(10mL)中,再加入2M的氢氧化钠溶液(5mL),室温反应4小时,用1M的盐酸调pH≤2,用乙酸乙酯(30mL×3)萃取,有机相用饱和食盐水洗涤(50mL×1),合并有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,将滤液减压浓缩,用硅胶柱色谱分离提纯(石油醚/乙酸乙酯(v/v)=1∶1)得到白色固体状的2-(5-((3-(2,6-二甲基-4-(3-甲磺酰基丙氧基)苯基)苯基)甲氧基)-3-亚甲基茚满-1-基)乙酸化合物5(550mg,产率94%,HPLC:95.8%)。
MS m/z(ESI):535.18[M+1].
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ12.24(s,1H),7.43(m,2H),7.23(d,1H),7.18(d,2H),7.06(d,1H),6.92(m,1H),6.71(s,2H),5.47(s,1H),5.17(s,2H),5.01(s,1H),4.09(t,2H),3.43(m,1H),3.28(dd,2H),3.03(s,3H),2.99(dd,1H),2.66(dd,1H),2.41(dd,1H),2.27(dd,1H),2.14(m,2H),1.92(s,6H).
实施例6:2-(5-((3-(2,6-二甲基-4-四氢呋喃-3-基-氧基苯基)苯基)甲氧基)-3-氧代-茚满-1-基)乙酸(化合物6)
2-[5-[[3-(2,6-dimethyl-4-tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy-phenyl)phenyl]methoxy]-3-oxo-indan-1-yl]acetic acid
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000076
第一步:(R)-2-(5-((3-(2,6-二甲基-4-四氢呋喃-3-基-氧基苯基)苯基)甲氧基)-3-氧代-茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯(6B)
Methyl-(R)-2-[5-[[3-(2,6-dimethyl-4-tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy-phenyl)phenyl]metho-xy]-3-oxo-indan-1-yl]acetate
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000077
将(3R)3-(4-(3-氯甲基)苯基)-3,5-二甲基苯氧基)四氢呋喃3e(319mg,1.01mmol)溶于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(6mL)中,加入2-(5-羟基-3-氧代-茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯1f(245mg,1.11mmol),氮气氛下,加入碳酸铯(592mg,1.82mmol),80℃下反应12小时,向反应液中加入水(50mL)淬灭反应,用乙酸乙酯(50mL×3)萃取,有机相用饱和食盐水洗涤(50mL×2),合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥。过滤,滤液减压浓缩,用硅胶柱色谱分离提纯(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=5∶1),得到白色固体状的2-(5-((3-(2,6-二甲基-4-四氢呋喃-3-基-氧基苯基)苯基)甲氧基)-3-氧代-茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯6B(330mg,产率65%)。
第二步:(R)-2-(5-((3-(2,6-二甲基-4-四氢呋喃-3-基-氧基苯基)苯基)甲氧基)-3-氧代-茚满-1-基)乙酸(化合物6)
2-[5-[[3-(2,6-dimethyl-4-tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy-phenyl)phenyl]methoxy]-3-oxo-indan-1-yl]acetic acid
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000078
将(R)-(2-(5-((3-(2,6-二甲基-4-四氢呋喃-3-基-氧基苯基)苯基)甲氧基)-3-氧代-茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯6B(300mg)溶于甲醇(2mL)和四氢呋喃(4mL)的混合溶液中,加入2M的氢氧化钠水溶液(520mg),室温反应2小时,减压浓缩反应,向浓缩液中加入水(20mL),用1M的盐酸调pH至1,用乙酸乙酯(40mL×3)萃取,合并有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,将滤液减压浓缩,用硅胶柱色谱分离提纯(正己烷/乙酸乙酯(v/v)=1.5∶1→正己烷/乙酸乙酯(v/v)=2∶1→二氯甲烷/甲醇(v/v)=30∶1)得到白色固体状的(R)-2-(5-((3-(2,6-二甲基-4-四氢呋喃-3-基-氧基苯基)苯基)甲氧基)-3-氧代-茚满-1-基)乙酸化合物6(208mg,产率43%,HPLC:99.3%)。
MS m/z(ESI):487.1[M+1]
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.43(t,3H),7.30(s,1H),7.27(s,1H),7.19(s,1H),7.10(d,1H),6.62(s,2H),5.14(s,2H),4.95(s,1H),3.96(dd,4H),3.77(m,1H),2.98(ddd,2H),2.55(m,2H),2.22(m,2H),1.99(s,6H).
实施例7:(R)-2-(5-((3-(2,6-二甲基-4-四氢呋喃-3-基-氧基苯基)苯基)甲氧基)-3-亚甲基-茚满-1-基)乙酸(化合物7)
2-[5-[[3-(2,6-dimethyl-4-tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy-phenyl)phenyl]methoxy]-3-methylene-indan-1-yl]acetic acid
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000079
第一步:(R)-2-(5-((3-(2,6-二甲基-4-四氢呋喃-3-基-氧基苯基)苯基)甲氧基)-3-亚甲基-茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯(7B)
(R)-methyl-2-[5-[[3-(2,6-dimethyl-4-tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy-phenyl)phenyl]metho-xy]-3-methylene-indan-1-yl]acetate
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000080
将(3-(2,6-二甲基-4-((3R)四氢呋喃-3-基)氧基-苯基)苯甲醇3d(229.70mg,0.77mmol)和2-(5-羟基-3-亚甲基-茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯1B(160.00mg,0.73mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(10mL)中,依次加入偶氮二甲酰二哌啶(427.63mg,1.69mmol)和三丁基膦(342.89mg,1.69mmol),室温反应1.5小时,向反应液中加入石油醚(40mL),搅拌20分钟,过滤,将滤液减压浓缩,用硅胶柱色谱分离提纯(石油醚/乙酸乙酯(v/v)=8∶1)得到淡黄色油状的(R)-2-(5-((3-(2,6-二甲基-4-四氢呋喃-3-基-氧基苯基)苯基)甲氧基)-3-亚甲基-茚满-1-基)乙酸甲酯7B(0.21g,产率55%)。
第二步:(R)-2-(5-((3-(2,6-二甲基-4-四氢呋喃-3-基-氧基苯基)苯基)甲氧基)-3-亚甲基-茚满-1-基)乙酸(化合物7)
(R)-2-[5-[[3-[2,6-dimethyl-4-[tetrahydrofuran-3-yl]oxy-phenyl]phenyl]methoxy]-3-methylene-indan-1-yl]acetic acid
Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-000081
将(R)-2-(5-((3-(2,6-二甲基-4-四氢呋喃-3-基-氧基苯基)苯基)甲氧基)-3-亚甲基-茚满-1-基) 乙酸甲酯7B(0.21g,0.42mmol)和2M的氢氧化钠(2.1mL,4.20mmol)溶于甲醇(10mL)和四氢呋喃(10mL)的混合溶液中,回流反应1小时,冷却,依次加入乙酸乙酯(100mL)和水(100mL),用1M的盐酸调pH为5至6左右,水层用乙酸乙酯(100mL×1)萃取,有机相用饱和食盐水洗涤(50mL×1),合并有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,将滤液减压浓缩,用硅胶柱色谱分离提纯(石油醚/乙酸乙酯(v/v)=4∶1)得到白色泡状的(R)-2-(5-((3-(2,6-二甲基-4-四氢呋喃-3-基-氧基苯基)苯基)甲氧基)-3-亚甲基-茚满-1-基)乙酸化合物7(0.14g,产率70%,HPLC:99.3%)。
MS m/z(ESI):485.0[M+1].
1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO)δ12.25(s,1H),7.48-7.35(m,2H),7.24-7.13(m,3H),7.04(d,1H),6.89(dd,1H),6.66(s,2H),5.45(s,1H),5.15(s,2H),4.99(m,2H),4.01(m,1H),3.83(m,4H),2.97(dd,1H),2.64(dd,1H),2.48(d,1H),2.39(m,1H),2.21(m,2H),1.90(s,6H).
生物测试例
1.GPR40荧光素酶报告基因试验
利用GPR40荧光素酶报告基因试验测试本发明各实施例制备的化合物的活性,试验过程如下:
用DMSO将化合物配制成10mM的储存液,再按3倍梯度稀释待用。将稳定表达株HEK293/GPR40/5x Gal4UAS-Luc+/Gal4-Elk1以适当密度接种于96孔板。第二天,待细胞汇合度达到70%左右,更换为无血清培养基,饥饿过夜。第三天,加入含有不同浓度受试化合物的DMEM培养基,每孔200μl,放入细胞培养箱孵育5小时。利用Luciferase Assay System试剂盒检测荧光素酶活性。使用Origin7软件对荧光数据进行拟合分析,计算各化合物的EC50,试验结果见表1。
表1 荧光素酶报告基因试验结果
序号 实施例化合物编号 EC50值(nM)
1 TAK-875 +
2 化合物1 +
3 化合物2 ++
4 化合物3 +
5 化合物4 ++
6 化合物5 +++
7 化合物6 ++
8 化合物7 +
注:“+”代表EC50=0.01μM-0.1μM;“++”代表EC50=0.1μM-0.5μM;“+++”代表EC50>0.5μM。
结论:本发明化合物作为GPR40激动剂具有较好的药效活性。
2.口服葡萄糖耐量试验
利用口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)评价本发明各实施例制备的化合物在糖负荷小鼠中的降糖效果。试验过程如下:
使用的动物为SPF级ICR小鼠,18-22g,雌性,购自北京华阜康生物科技股份有限公司,动物生产合格证号:SCXK(京)2009-0004。将购买的小鼠用高脂饲料诱导25天,禁食过夜。根据禁食后的基础血糖值分组,每组10只。受试化合物以5%DMSO-15%solutol-80%生理盐水配制成2mg/ml的混悬液。灌胃给药,给药量为20mg/kg。空白对照组给予5%DMSO-15%solutol-80%生理盐水。给药15min后给予20%的葡萄糖水溶液(1g/kg),并在0、15、30、45、60、120min时使用强生稳豪血糖测定仪测定各小鼠的血糖值,计算药-时曲线下面积(AUC)降低比例。试验结果见表2。
表2 口服葡萄糖耐量试验结果
序号 实施例化合物编号 AUC降低比例%
1 TAK-875 32.68
2 化合物1 26.38
5 化合物4 19.18
6 化合物5 35.99
结论:本发明化合物有较好的降糖效果。

Claims (21)

  1. 一种通式(I)所示的化合物或其立体异构体、水合物、酯、代谢产物、溶剂化物、药学上可接受的盐、共晶或前药,
    Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-100001
    其中:
    R选自H或者C1-8烷基;
    R1和R4各自独立选自F、Cl、Br、I、羟基、氨基、硝基、氰基、羧基、C1-8烷基或者C1-8烷氧基,所述的氨基、烷基或者烷氧基任选进一步被0至4个选自F、Cl、Br、I、羟基、氰基、C1-8烷基、C1-8烷氧基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、-(CH2)m-C(=O)-R9、-(CH2)m-C(=O)-OR9、-O-C(=O)-OR9、-(CH2)m-NR10R10a、-(CH2)m-C(=O)-NR10R10a或者-(CH2)m-S(=O)n-R11的取代基所取代;
    R2和R3各自独立选自H、F、Cl、Br、I、羟基、氨基、氰基、羧基、C1-8烷基或者C1-8烷氧基,所述的氨基、烷基或者烷氧基任选进一步被0至4个选自F、Cl、Br、I、羟基、氰基、C1-8烷基、C1-8烷氧基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、-(CH2)m-C(=O)-R9、-(CH2)m-C(=O)-OR9、-O-C(=O)-OR9、-(CH2)m-NR10R10a、-(CH2)m-C(=O)-NR10R10a或者-(CH2)m-S(=O)n-R11的取代基所取代;
    R5、R6、R7和R8各自独立选自H、F、Cl、Br、I、羟基、氨基、硝基、氰基、羧基、C1-8烷基、C1-8烷氧基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、-(CH2)m-C(=O)-R9、-(CH2)m-C(=O)-OR9、-O-C(=O)-OR9、-(CH2)m-NR10R10a、-(CH2)m-C(=O)-NR10R10a、-N(R10)-C(=O)-R9、-N(R10b)-C(=O)-NR10R10a或者-(CH2)m-S(=O)n-R11、3至10元碳环基、4至10元杂环基、3至10元碳环基氧基或者4至10元杂环基氧基,所述的氨基、烷基、烷氧基、烯基、炔基、碳环基、杂环基、碳环基氧基或者杂环基氧基任选进一步被0至4个选自F、Cl、Br、I、=O、羟基、氰基、C1-8烷基、C1-8烷氧基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、-(CH2)m-C(=O)-R9、-(CH2)m-C(=O)-OR9、-O-C(=O)-OR9、-(CH2)m-NR10R10a、-(CH2)m-C(=O)-NR10R10a、-N(R10)-C(=O)-R9、-N(R10b)-C(=O)-NR10R10a、-(CH2)m-S(=O)n-R11、3至10元碳环基、4至10元杂环基、3至10元碳环基氧基或者4至10元杂环基氧基的取代基所取代,且所述的杂环基含有1至4个选自N、O或者S(=O)n的原子或基团;
    Y选自-O-;
    X选自-(CH2)r-S(=O)n-R11、3至10元环烷基或者4至10元非芳香杂环基,所述的环烷基或者非芳香杂环基任选进一步被0至4个选自F、Cl、Br、I、=O、羟基、氨基、硝基、氰基、C1-8烷基、C1-8烷氧基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、-(CH2)m-C(=O)-R9、-(CH2)m-C(=O)-OR9、-O-C(=O)-OR9、-(CH2)m-NR10R10a、-(CH2)m-C(=O)-NR10R10a、-N(R10)-C(=O)-R9、-N(R10b)-C(=O)-NR10R10a、-(CH2)m-S(=O)n-R11、3至10元碳环基、4至10元杂环基、3至10元碳环基氧基或者4至10元杂环基氧基的取代基所取代,且所述的杂环基含有1至4个选自N、O或者S(=O)n的原子或基团;
    Z选自O、S或者CR13R14
    R13和R14各自独立选自H、F、Cl、Br、氰基或者C1-8烷基,所述的烷基进一步被0至4个选自F、Cl、Br、I、羟基、C1-8烷基、C1-8烷氧基、3至10元碳环基或者4至10元杂环基的取代基所取代,且所述的杂环基含有1至4个选自N、O或者S(=O)n的原子或基团;
    R9、R10、R10a、R10b和R11各自独立选自H、羟基、氨基、羧基、C1-8烷基、C1-8烷氧基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、3至10元碳环基、4至10元杂环基、3至10元碳环基氧基或者4至10元杂环基氧基,所述的氨基、烷基、烷氧基、烯基、炔基、碳环基、杂环基、碳环基氧基或者杂环基氧基任选进一步被0至4个选自F、Cl、Br、I、=O、羟基、氨基、硝基、氰基、羧基、C1-8烷基、C1-8烷氧基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、3至10元碳环基、4至10元杂环基、3至10元碳环基氧基或者4至10元杂环基氧基的取代基所取代,且所述的杂环基含有1至4个选自N、O或者S(=O)n的原子或基团;
    p选自0、1、2或者3;
    q选自0、1、2、3或者4;
    r选自1、2、3、4或者5;
    s选自0、1、2或者3;
    t选自0、1或者2;
    m选自0、1、2、3、4或者5;
    n选自0、1或者2。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的化合物或者其立体异构体、水合物、酯、代谢产物、溶剂化物、药学上可接受的盐、共晶或前药,其中所述的化合物选自通式(II)所示的化合物:
    Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-100002
    其中:
    R选自H或者C1-2烷基;
    R1和R4各自独立选自F、Cl、Br、羟基、氨基、C1-4烷基或者C1-4烷氧基;
    R5、R6、R7和R8各自独立选自H、F、Cl、Br或者C1-4烷基;
    X选自-(CH2)r-S(=O)n-R11或者4至8元非芳香杂环基,且所述的杂环基含有1至4个选自N、O或者S(=O)n的原子或基团;
    Z选自O或者CR13R14
    R13和R14各自独立选自H或者C1-4烷基;
    R11选自H或者C1-4烷基;
    p选自0或者1;
    q选自0、1或者2;
    r选自1、2、3、4或者5;
    n选自0、1或者2。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的化合物或者其立体异构体、水合物、酯、代谢产物、溶剂化物、药学上可接受的盐、共晶或前药,其中所述的化合物选自通式(III)所示的化合物:
    Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-100003
    其中:
    R5、R6、R7和R8各自独立选自H或者C1-4烷基;
    X选自-(CH2)r-S(=O)n-R11或者4至6元非芳香杂环基,且所述的杂环基含有1至2个选自N、O或者S(=O)n的原子或基团;
    R11选自C1-4烷基;
    Z选自O或者CR13R14
    R13和R14各自独立选自H或者C1-4烷基;
    r选自2、3或者4;
    n选自0、1或者2。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的化合物或者其立体异构体、水合物、酯、代谢产物、溶剂化物、药学上可接受的盐、共晶或前药,其中:
    R5、R6、R7和R8各自独立选自H或者C1-2烷基;
    X选自-(CH2)3-S(=O)2-R11或者5至6元非芳香杂环基,且所述的杂环基含有1至2个选自N、O或者S(=O)n的原子或基团;
    R11选自C1-2烷基;
    Z选自O或者CR13R14
    R13和R14各自独立选自H或者C1-2烷基;
    n选自0、1或者2。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的化合物或者其立体异构体、水合物、酯、代谢产物、溶剂化物、药学上可接受的盐、共晶或前药,其中:
    R5、R6、R7和R8各自独立选自H、甲基或者乙基;
    X选自-(CH2)3-S(=O)2-R11
    Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-100004
    或者
    Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-100005
    R11选自甲基或者乙基;
    Z选自O或者CR13R14
    R13和R14各自独立选自H或者甲基。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的化合物或者其立体异构体、水合物、酯、代谢产物、溶剂化物、药学上可接受的盐、共晶或前药,其中:
    R5和R7各自独立为甲基;
    R6和R8各自独立为H;
    X选自-(CH2)3-S(=O)2-R11或者
    Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-100006
    R11为甲基;
    Z选自O或者CR13R14
    R13和R14各自为H。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的化合物或者其立体异构体、水合物、酯、代谢产物、溶剂化物、药学上可接受的盐、共晶或前药,其中所述的化合物选自:
    Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-100007
  8. 根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的化合物或其立体异构体、水合物、酯、代谢产物、溶剂化物、药学上可接受的盐、共晶或前药,其中所述的盐选自钠盐、钾盐、铝盐、锂盐、锌盐、钙盐、镁盐、钡盐、铵盐、三甲胺盐、四甲基铵盐、二乙胺盐、三乙胺盐、异丙基胺盐、乙醇胺盐、二乙醇胺盐、三乙醇胺盐、环己胺盐、二环己基胺盐、吡啶盐、甲基吡啶盐、2,6-二甲基吡啶盐、咖啡碱盐、普鲁卡因盐、胆碱盐、甜菜碱盐、可可碱盐、嘌呤盐、哌嗪盐、哌啶盐、N-乙基哌啶盐、聚胺树脂盐、苯明青霉素盐或者它们的组合。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的化合物或其立体异构体、水合物、酯、代谢产物、溶剂化物、药学上可接受的盐、共晶或前药,其中所述的盐选自钠盐、钾盐、铵盐、三乙胺盐、乙醇胺盐、二乙醇胺盐或它们的组合。
  10. 一种制备根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的化合物的方法,该方法包括:
    Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-100008
    通式(I-a)化合物与通式(I-b)化合物发生suzuki偶联反应,得到的产物进一步在还原剂作用下加氢还原得到通式(I-c)化合物;
    Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-100009
    通式(I-c)化合物发生亲核取代反应得到通式(I-d)化合物;
    Figure PCTCN2014085848-appb-100010
    通式(I-d)化合物与通式(I-e)化合物发生Mistunobu反应,得到的产物再进一步水解得到通式(I)化合物;
    其中,R15和R16各自独立选自H、F、Cl、Br、I、羟基、C1-6烷基或者C1-6烷氧基,R17选自H、F、Cl、Br、I或者羟基;X、Y、R、Z、R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、p、q、s和t的定义与权利要求1-7任一项中定义一致。
  11. 一种药物组合物,所述的组合物包括:
    有效剂量的根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的化合物或其立体异构体、水合物、酯、代谢产物、溶剂化物、药学上可接受的盐、共晶或前药;以及
    一种或多种药学上可接受的载体、稀释剂、佐剂或赋形剂。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的药物组合物,该药物组合物还进一步包括一种或多种其他治疗剂。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的药物组合物,其中所述的其他治疗剂包括:
    (a)GPR40激动剂或药学上可接受的盐,和/或
    (b)DPP-IV抑制剂或药学上可接受的盐,和/或
    (c)SGLT-2抑制剂或药学上可接受的盐,和/或
    (d)PPARγ激动剂或PPARγ部分激动剂或药学上可接受的盐,和/或
    (e)PPARα/γ双重激动剂或药学上可接受的盐,和/或
    (f)PPARδ激动剂或药学上可接受的盐,和/或
    (g)胰岛素或拟胰岛素或药学上可接受的盐,和/或
    (h)蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶-1B(PTP-1B)抑制剂或药学上可接受的盐,和/或
    (i)磺酰脲类抑制剂或药学上可接受的盐,和/或
    (j)α-葡糖苷酶抑制剂或药学上可接受的盐,和/或
    (k)GLP-1、GLP-1类似物、GIP-1、HSD-1或药学上可接受的盐,和/或
    (l)胰高血糖素受体拮抗剂或药学上可接受的盐,和/或
    (m)抗炎药,和/或
    (n)回肠胆汁酸转运蛋白抑制剂或药学上可接受的盐,和/或
    (o)减肥药,和/或
    (p)改善患者脂质分布的药物,所述药物选自HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂、胆汁酸螯合剂、烟碱、烟酸或其盐、PPARα激动剂、胆固醇吸收抑制剂、酰基CoA(胆固醇酰基转移酶(ACAT))抑制剂、CETP抑制剂或酚类抗氧剂或药学上可接受的盐,和/或
    (q)双胍类、噻唑烷二酮类、列奈类或其药学上可接受的盐或前药;
    (r)PARP抑制剂。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的药物组合物,其中,所述GPR40激动剂选自fasiglifam hemihydrates(TAK-875)或其药学上可接受的盐或前药。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的药物组合物,其中,所述DDP-IV抑制剂选自linagliptin(利拉列汀)、omarigliptin(MK-3102)、sitagliptin(西他列汀)、vildagliptin(维达列汀)、alogliptin (阿格列汀)、saxagliptin(沙格列汀)、denagliptin(地格列汀)、Carmegliptin(卡格列汀)、Melogliptin(美罗利汀)、Dutogliptin(度格列汀)、Teneligliptin(特力利汀)、Gemigliptin(吉格列汀)或者Trelagliptin(曲格列汀);所述的SGLT-2抑制剂选自Dapagliflozin(达格列净)、Canagliflozin(坎格列净)、Atigliflozin(阿格列净)、Empagliflozin(恩帕列净)、Ipragliflozin (依帕列净)、Tofogliflozin(托伏列净)、Luseogliflozin(卢斯列净)、Remogliflozin(瑞格列净)、Sergliflozin(舍格列净)或Ertugliflozin(依托列净);所述的PPAR激动剂选自bezafibrate(苯扎贝特)、fenofibrate(非诺贝特)、pioglitazone(吡格列酮)或者rosiglitazone(罗格列酮)。
  16. 根据权利要求13所述的药物组合物,其中,双胍类治疗剂选自二甲双胍或者二乙双胍;噻唑烷二酮类治疗剂选自Ciglitazone(环格列酮)、Pioglitazone(吡咯列酮)、 Rosiglitazone(罗格列酮)、Troglitazone(曲格列酮)、Farglitazar(法格列酮)或者Darglitazoan (达格列酮);磺酰脲类抑制剂选自Glimepiride(格列美脲)、Tolglybutamide、Glibornuride(格列波脲)、Glibenclamide(格列苯脲)、Gliquidone(格列喹酮)、Glipizide(格列吡嗪)或Gliclazipe (格列齐特);列奈类治疗剂选自Nateglinide(那格列奈)、Repaglinide(瑞格列奈)或者Mitiglinide(米格列奈);α-葡糖苷酶抑制剂选自Acarbose(阿卡波糖)、Miglitol(伏格列波糖)或者米格列醇;GLP-1类似物选自Exenatide(艾赛那肽)或者Liraglutide(利拉鲁肽)。
  17. 权利要求1-9中任一项所述的化合物或其立体异构体、水合物、酯、代谢产物、溶剂化物、药学上可接受的盐、共晶或前药或者权利要求11-16中任一项所述的药物组合物在作为一种G蛋白偶联受体40激动剂用于制备药物制剂中的应用,特别是在用于制备用于治疗和/或预防代谢疾病的药物制剂中的应用。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的应用,其中所述代谢疾病包括糖尿病、II型糖尿病、糖尿病性视网膜病、糖尿病性神经病、糖尿病性肾病、糖尿病并发症、高胰岛素血症、低血糖症、血脂异常、肾脏疾病、酮症酸中毒、脂肪酸或甘油的升高的水平、肥胖症、代谢综合征、胰岛素抗性、胰岛素过敏症或者葡萄糖耐受不良中的一种或多种。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的应用,其中所述代谢疾病包括II型糖尿病。
  20. 一种治疗和/或预防代谢疾病的方法,该方法包括给予受试者有效量的权利要求1-9中任一项所述的化合物或其立体异构体、水合物、酯、代谢产物、溶剂化物、药学上可接受的盐、共晶或前药或者权利要求11-16中任一项所述的药物组合物。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的方法,其中,所述代谢疾病包括糖尿病、II型糖尿病、糖尿病性视网膜病、糖尿病性神经病、糖尿病性肾病、糖尿病并发症、高胰岛素血症、低血糖症、血脂异常、肾脏疾病、酮症酸中毒、脂肪酸或甘油的升高的水平、肥胖症、代谢综合征、胰岛素抗性、胰岛素过敏症或者葡萄糖耐受不良中的一种或多种。
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