WO2015029138A1 - 太陽光発電システム - Google Patents
太陽光発電システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015029138A1 WO2015029138A1 PCT/JP2013/072883 JP2013072883W WO2015029138A1 WO 2015029138 A1 WO2015029138 A1 WO 2015029138A1 JP 2013072883 W JP2013072883 W JP 2013072883W WO 2015029138 A1 WO2015029138 A1 WO 2015029138A1
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920003258 poly(methylsilmethylene) Polymers 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000002296 dynamic light scattering Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000013061 process characterization study Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 7
- 101150117600 msc1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 101100028908 Lotus japonicus PCS3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/02016—Circuit arrangements of general character for the devices
- H01L31/02019—Circuit arrangements of general character for the devices for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/02021—Circuit arrangements of general character for the devices for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/30—Electrical components
- H02S40/32—Electrical components comprising DC/AC inverter means associated with the PV module itself, e.g. AC modules
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/30—Electrical components
- H02S40/38—Energy storage means, e.g. batteries, structurally associated with PV modules
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
- H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
- H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
- H02J2300/26—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin involving maximum power point tracking control for photovoltaic sources
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/40—Synchronising a generator for connection to a network or to another generator
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a solar power generation system.
- PV photovoltaic power generation
- PCS power conditioner
- a main site controller may be introduced to control a PV system with a large capacity of several megawatts to several tens of megawatts called a mega solar.
- the MSC performs power generation control of the mega solar in addition to the centralized monitoring of a plurality of PCSs in the mega solar.
- the MSC performs the following power limit control.
- the MSC increases the output of another PCS having a sufficient output. In this way, the MSC performs control so that the generated power of the mega solar is always the maximum at the active power limit value (see Non-Patent Document 1).
- An object of the present invention is to provide a solar power generation system that can fully utilize power generation capacity.
- a photovoltaic power generation system includes a plurality of power generation means that generate power by sunlight, a plurality of inverters that convert the power generated by the plurality of power generation means into AC power that is output to an electric power system,
- a first limiter configured to limit the output power of the plurality of inverters to a predetermined capacity or less; and when a predetermined condition is satisfied, the output power of at least one of the plurality of inverters is Output from the plurality of inverters based on the second limiting means for limiting by a value exceeding the predetermined capacity limited by one limiting means, and the first limiting means or the second limiting means.
- Inverter control means for controlling electric power.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing the configuration of the PV system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram showing the configuration of the MSC according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the operation of the PCS control unit according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing a first transition of the site upper limit value according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing a second transition of the site upper limit value according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing a third transition of the site upper limit value according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the transition of each PCS upper limit command value by adjustment of the PCS power limit control unit according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing a method of correcting the PCS upper limit command value by the PCS power limit control unit according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing the site output power of the PV system by the MSC according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a configuration diagram showing the configuration of the PV system according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a configuration diagram showing the configuration of the MSC according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing the operation of the storage battery control unit according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing daily fluctuations in site output power by simple control of the storage battery according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is a graph showing fluctuations in the charge / discharge amount of the storage battery by simple control of the storage battery according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is a graph showing fluctuations in the amount of power stored in the storage battery by simple control according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 16 is a graph showing daily fluctuations in site output power due to storage battery control by the storage battery control unit according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 17 is a graph showing fluctuations in the charge / discharge amount of the storage battery under the control of the storage battery control unit according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 18 is a graph showing fluctuations in the storage amount of the storage battery under the control of the storage battery control unit according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 19 is a graph showing another daily fluctuation of the site output power by the control of the storage battery by the storage battery control unit according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing a configuration of a PV system 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- symbol is attached
- a photovoltaic power generation (PV) system 10 includes a main site controller (MSC) 1, a plurality of PV modules 2, a plurality of power conditioners (PCS) 3, a plurality of interconnection transformers 4, a main transformer 5, and a watt hour meter 6. Is provided.
- the PV system 10 is connected to the power system 7.
- the PV module 2 is a power generator in which a plurality of solar cells that generate power by sunlight are interconnected.
- the PV module 2 outputs the generated power (DC power) to the PCS 3.
- the PV module 2 has a power generation capacity that is larger than the rated capacity of the PCS 3.
- the PV module 2 has a capacity of 120% to 130% of the rated capacity of the PCS 3 as the rated capacity.
- the rated capacity of the PCS 3 may be any capacity as long as it is a predetermined capacity.
- it may be a capacity determined by hardware specifications, or may be a capacity allocated by each PCS 3 for the supply capacity (reverse power flow capacity) of the PV system 10 requested by an administrator of the power system 7 or the like.
- the capacity determined by the method may be used.
- PCS 3 is provided in each PV module 2.
- the PCS 3 is an inverter that converts DC power supplied from the PV module 2 into AC power synchronized with the three-phase AC power system 7.
- the PCS 3 outputs AC power to the main transformer 5 via the interconnection transformer 4.
- MPPT maximum power point tracking
- the PCS 3 performs power conversion by maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control that tracks the voltage (maximum power point voltage) of the maximum power point of the power output from the PV module 2.
- MPPT maximum power point tracking
- the PCS 3 performs control to limit the output to the rated capacity or less without performing MPPT control.
- the interconnection transformer 4 is provided in each PCS 3.
- the output side of all the interconnection transformers 4 is connected to the main transformer 5.
- the output side of the main transformer 5 is connected to the power system 7.
- the power output from the main transformer 5 is site output power (plant output power) PLW, which is the output of the PV system 10.
- the electricity meter 6 is a device that measures the site output power PLW.
- the watt hour meter 6 outputs the measured site output power PLW to the MSC 1.
- MSC 1 is a control device that controls the entire PV system 10. Centralized monitoring of the PCS 3 in the PV system 10 is performed, and power generation control of the PV system 10 is performed.
- the MSC 1 is connected to all the PCSs 3 by a network NT that transmits and receives data to and from each other.
- the MSC 1 monitors and controls the PV system 10 based on the site output power PLW detected by the watt-hour meter 6, the system information Dps received from the manager of the power system 7, and the information received from each PCS 3.
- the grid information Dps is received from an electric power company system or an energy management system (EMS, “energy management” system) of a power distribution company that manages local power supply and demand.
- EMS energy management system
- FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram showing the configuration of the MSC 1 according to the present embodiment.
- the MSC 1 includes a data acquisition unit 11, a PCS control unit 12, and a PCS command unit 13.
- the data acquisition unit 11 receives information necessary for control by the MSC 1.
- the data acquisition unit 11 receives the site output power PLW measured by the watt-hour meter 6, receives the system information Dps from the administrator of the power system 7, and the necessary data such as the generated power of the PV module 2 from each PCS 3 Receive.
- the data acquisition unit 11 outputs necessary data to the PCS control unit 12 based on the received information.
- the PCS control unit 12 performs a calculation process for controlling each PCS 3 based on the data received from the data acquisition unit 11, and performs a calculation process for controlling the site output power PLW.
- the power (power to be controlled) handled by the PCS control unit 12 may be active power, reactive power, or power including both unless otherwise specified.
- the PCS control unit 12 outputs data for controlling each PCS 3 to the PCS command unit 13 based on the control result.
- the PCS command unit 13 outputs a command for controlling each PCS 3 to each PCS 3 based on the data received from the PCS control unit 12.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the operation of the PCS control unit 12 according to the present embodiment.
- the PCS control unit 12 includes a site power limit control unit 120 and a PCS power limit control unit 123.
- the site power limit control unit 120 prevents the site output power PLW from exceeding the site upper limit setting value so that the fluctuation of the site output power PLW does not exceed the allowable fluctuation range (the maximum power fluctuation range allowed per unit time).
- the site upper limit setting value and the allowable fluctuation range are values requested by the administrator of the power system 7.
- the site upper limit set value is a value for limiting the reverse power flow to the power system 7 to be equal to or less than a predetermined value.
- the allowable fluctuation range is a value for limiting power fluctuation that flows backward to the power system 7.
- the site upper limit setting value and the allowable fluctuation range are included in the system information Dps received from the manager of the power system 7.
- the site power limit control unit 120 includes a site upper limit value calculation unit 121 and a site upper limit command value calculation unit 122.
- the site upper limit calculator 121 calculates the site upper limit based on the site upper limit setting value and the allowable fluctuation range (step S101 in FIG. 3).
- the site upper limit value is an upper limit of the site output power PLW that allows the site output power PLW to be finally output to the site upper limit set value within a range in which the fluctuation of the site output power PLW does not exceed the allowable fluctuation range. Value.
- Site upper limit calculation unit 121 outputs the calculated site upper limit value to site upper limit command value calculation unit 122.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing a first transition of the site upper limit value Su0 when the site upper limit set value Su is higher than the site upper limit value Su0. For example, this is a state when a change is made to increase the site upper limit setting value Su during the operation of the PV system 10.
- the site upper limit calculation unit 121 changes (updates) the site upper limit value Su0 so as to gradually approach the site upper limit set value Su within the allowable fluctuation range.
- the site upper limit value Su0 is changed regardless of the current site output power PLW.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing a second transition of the site upper limit value Su0 when the site upper limit set value Su is lower than the site upper limit value Su0 and the current site output power PLW is lower than the site upper limit value Su0. .
- this is a state when the site upper limit set value Su is changed to be low in a state where the weather is bad and the PV system 10 does not sufficiently exhibit the original power generation capacity.
- the site upper limit calculation unit 121 changes the site upper limit value Su0 to the site upper limit set value Su at a stroke.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing a third transition of the site upper limit value Su0 when the site upper limit set value Su is lower than the site upper limit value Su0 and the current site output power PLW is higher than the site upper limit set value Su. is there. For example, it is a state when the site upper limit set value Su is changed to be low in a state where the weather is good and the PV system 10 is sufficiently exhibiting the power generation capacity.
- the site upper limit value calculation unit 121 reduces the site upper limit value Su0 to the current site output power PLW at a stretch.
- the site upper limit value calculation unit 121 changes (updates) the site upper limit value Su0 so as to gradually approach the site upper limit set value Su within the allowable fluctuation range.
- the site upper limit command value calculation unit 122 calculates the site upper limit command value based on the difference between the site upper limit value calculated by the site upper limit value calculation unit 121 and the site output power PLW (step S102 in FIG. 3). Site upper limit command value calculation unit 122 outputs the calculated site upper limit command value to PCS power limit control unit 123.
- the site upper limit command value calculation unit 122 calculates the site upper limit command value using the following equation.
- Site upper limit command value current site output power PLW + correction difference (1)
- Correction difference Kp ⁇ (current difference ⁇ previous difference + fc ⁇ current difference / Ti)
- Difference Site upper limit value-Current site output power PLW Equation (3)
- Kp represents a proportional constant (gain)
- fc represents the control frequency of MSC1
- Ti represents an integral constant.
- Equation (2) shows an arithmetic expression using proportional-plus-integral-control (proportional-plus-integral-control), but calculation using proportional-plus-integral-plus-derivative-control (PID) control.
- the site upper limit command value may be obtained by using an equation, or the site upper limit command value may be obtained by other control methods.
- the PCS power limit control unit 123 performs a calculation process for controlling each PCS 3 based on the site upper limit command value calculated by the site upper limit command value calculation unit 122.
- the PCS power limit control unit 123 outputs data for controlling each PCS 3 to the PCS command unit 13 based on the control result.
- the PCS power limit control unit 123 calculates the PCS upper limit target value of each PCS 3 from the site upper limit command value according to the following equation (step S103 in FIG. 3).
- the PCS upper limit target value is a value obtained by allocating the site upper limit command value according to the output capacity of each PCS in the PCS (PCS under MSC management) 3 under the management of MSC1.
- the MSC-managed PCS 3 is a PCS 3 in a state where the MSC 1 can be controlled.
- the PCS outside MSC management is the PCS 3 in a state where the MSC 1 cannot be controlled.
- Each PCS upper limit target value (site upper limit command value ⁇ total sum of output power of non-MSC managed PCS) ⁇ each PCS maximum power / total each PCS maximum power Equation (4)
- the PCS maximum power is the maximum power that can be output regardless of the rated capacity of the PCS 3.
- the PCS power limit control unit 123 calculates each PCS upper limit command value based on each PCS upper limit target value (step S104 in FIG. 3).
- the PCS upper limit command value is a command value that directly limits the upper limit of the output power of the PCS 3. Next, a method for determining the PCS upper limit command value will be described.
- the PCS power limit control unit 123 determines the PCS upper limit target value as it is as the PCS upper limit command value.
- the PCS power limit control unit 123 determines the PCS upper limit target value as the PCS upper limit command value when a predetermined constant condition is satisfied.
- the PCS power limit control unit 123 determines the rated capacity of the PCS 3 as the PCS upper limit command value. In this case, the PCS power limit control unit 123 adjusts between the PCS upper limit command values so that the site output power PLW does not decrease, for example, by increasing other PCS upper limit command values.
- the fixed condition is when there is no other PCS upper limit command value that is lower than the rated capacity of PCS3 and whose output power is almost the same as the PCS upper limit command value.
- This fixed condition indicates that the output power is less than the rated capacity in the other PCS 3 and there is no possibility that the output power may be limited by the PCS upper limit command value.
- the fixed condition may be any condition such as a condition that suggests that at least one PCS 3 can output only power less than the rated capacity, or other conditions.
- the PCS power limit control unit 123 updates the PCS upper limit command value as follows.
- the PCS power limit control unit 123 calculates the PCS power conversion width per control time according to the following equation.
- the PCS power conversion width per control time is a power width that can change the output power of the PCS 3 per control time.
- PCS power conversion width per control time site power conversion width per control time / number of MSC-managed PCSs (5)
- the site power conversion width per control time is a power width in which the site output power PLW can be changed per control time.
- the PCS power limit control unit 123 When raising the PCS upper limit command value (yes in step S105 in FIG. 3), the PCS power limit control unit 123 adds the PCS power conversion width to the current PCS upper limit command value (step S106 in FIG. 3). When lowering the PCS upper limit command value (yes in step S107 in FIG. 3), the PCS power limit control unit 123 subtracts the PCS power conversion width from the current PCS upper limit command value (step S108 in FIG. 3).
- the PCS power limit control unit 123 adjusts between the PCS upper limit command values.
- the case where the site output power PLW is substantially equal to the site upper limit set value is a state where the site output power PLW is output from the PV system 10 as requested by the administrator of the power system 7.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing transition of each PCS upper limit command value Su1, Su2, Su3 by adjustment of the PCS power limit control unit 123.
- the rated capacities of the PCSs 3 are all the same.
- the PCS upper limit command value Su1 greatly exceeds the rated capacity
- the PCS upper limit command value Su2 is substantially the rated capacity
- the PCS upper limit command value Su3 is significantly lower than the rated capacity.
- the PCS power limit control unit 123 determines whether there are a plurality of PCS upper limit command values Su1 to Su3 deviating from the rated capacity of the PCS3 (step S110 in FIG. 3). This is because adjustment is not possible unless there are a plurality of such PCS upper limit command values Su1 to Su3. In FIG. 7, the PCS upper limit command value Su1 and the PCS upper limit command value Su3 are adjustment targets.
- the PCS power limit control unit 123 maintains the state in which the site output power PLW is substantially the same as the site upper limit set value so that the PCS upper limit command value Su1 and the PCS upper limit command value Su3 approach the rated capacity of the PCS. Adjustment is made (step S111 in FIG. 3). At this time, the change width of the two PCS upper limit command values Su1 and Su3 is the PCS power conversion width per control time obtained by the equation (5). That is, in FIG. 7, the graph showing the two PCS upper limit command values Su1 and Su3 gradually approaches the rated capacity with the PCS power conversion width as an inclination. Thus, an excessive burden is not applied to the specific PCS 3.
- PCS power limit control unit 123 changes each PCS upper limit command value as necessary. A method for correcting the PCS upper limit command value Su4 by the PCS power limit control unit 123 will be described with reference to FIG.
- the PCS power limit control unit 123 adds the preset power ⁇ to the PCS upper limit command value Su4 to the current PCS output power Pp1. Change to a lower value. When such a change is not made, the PCS power limit control unit 123 increases the PCS upper limit command value Su4 so as to follow the PCS upper limit target value Sut. This increases the PCS upper limit command value Su4 even though the increase in power generation amount by the PV module 2 cannot be expected. Therefore, in such a case, the PCS power limit control unit 123 adjusts the PCS upper limit command value to be increased by lowering the PCS upper limit command value Su4 as described in step S111 of FIG. .
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing the site output power PLW of the PV system 10 by the MSC 1 according to the present embodiment.
- Site output power PLW1 indicates that controlled by MSC1.
- the site output power PLW2 indicates the power that is not controlled by the MSC1.
- the output power of each PCS 3 varies depending on the weather and the like, but the two site output powers PLW2, which is the total power output from these PCSs 3, are both stabilized to some extent. Further, the site output power PLW2 has a waveform in which power is compensated for in a portion where the site output power PLW2 is low under the control of the MSC1. That is, the site output power PLW of the PV system 10 is more stabilized at a value close to the site upper limit setting value requested by the administrator of the power system 7 by the control by the MSC 1.
- FIG. 10 is a configuration diagram showing a configuration of a PV system 10A according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- PV system 10A is a PV system 10 according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 except that a storage battery 8, a PCS 3A, and an interconnection transformer 4 are added, and MSC1 is replaced with MSC1A. Other points are the same as those of the PV system 10 according to the first embodiment.
- the storage battery 8 is charged and discharged by the power output from the other PCS 3 by the operation of the PCS 3A, and is output from the PV system 10 as the site output power PLW.
- the PCS 3 ⁇ / b> A is connected to the main transformer 5 on the output side via the interconnection transformer 4, like the other PCSs 3.
- FIG. 11 is a configuration diagram showing the configuration of the MSC 1A according to the present embodiment.
- MSC 1A is obtained by adding the storage battery control unit 14 and the storage battery command unit 15 to the MSC 1 according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 2, and replacing the PCS control unit 12 with the PCS control unit 12A. Other points are the same as those of the MSC 1 according to the first embodiment.
- the PCS control unit 12A modifies the command content to each PCS 3 according to the mutual control operation by transmitting / receiving data to / from the storage battery control unit 14. Other points are the same as those of the PCS control unit 12 according to the first embodiment.
- the storage battery control unit 14 performs arithmetic processing for controlling charging / discharging of the storage battery 8 based on the data received from the data acquisition unit 11.
- the storage battery control unit 14 outputs data for controlling the PCS 3A to the storage battery command unit 15 based on the control result.
- the storage battery command unit 15 outputs a command for controlling charging / discharging of the storage battery 8 to the PCS 3A based on the data received from the storage battery control unit 14.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing the operation of the storage battery control unit 14 according to the present embodiment. Here, terms used in this flowchart will be described.
- tn current time
- tn-1 previous time
- ⁇ t current and previous time difference
- SOC storage battery storage amount
- SOCF full charge amount
- SOCH PLW> PLWH target charge value
- SOCL PLW ⁇ Discharge target value at the time of PLWL
- SOCLL charge amount setting value for starting charging by forcibly decreasing output power
- PLWH output power setting value for starting auxiliary charging
- PLWL output power setting value for starting auxiliary discharging
- PLW Site output power
- PVW PV-PCS output power
- CH Storage battery charge / discharge power
- WU Power increase speed setting value ( ⁇ W / ⁇ t)
- WD Power decrease speed setting value ( ⁇ W / ⁇ t)
- WU1 Site output power Ascending speed allowable value
- WD1 Site output power decreasing speed allowable value
- WU2 Power increasing speed setting value for auxiliary charging when PLW> PLWH and SOC ⁇ SOCH
- W D2 PLW> PLWH
- step S203 in FIG. 12 When the storage battery 8 is in a fully charged state (yes in step S203 in FIG. 12), since the battery cannot be charged any more, the storage battery 8 cannot absorb the excess when the PV module 2 generates power exceeding the allowable power value. For this reason, the storage battery control part 14 outputs the instruction
- the storage power of the storage battery 8 is reduced before the site output power PLW is reduced to the generated power of the PV module 2 within the allowable drop rate.
- the amount may be empty.
- the storage battery control unit 14 suppresses the increase value of the site output power PLW when the storage amount of the storage battery 8 falls below the set value SOCH and the site output power PLW exceeds the set value PLWH, and the power for the suppressed amount.
- the storage battery 8 is charged to the target value SOCH (yes in step S207 in FIG. 12, step S208).
- the storage battery control unit 14 suppresses the drop value of the site output power PLW when the stored amount of the storage battery 8 exceeds the set value SOCL and the site output power PLW falls below the set value PLWL. To compensate, the storage battery 8 is discharged to the target value SOCL (yes in step S209 in FIG. 12, step S210).
- the storage battery control unit 14 decreases the site output power PLW within the allowable drop rate and charges the storage battery 8 with the corresponding power (Yes in step S211 in FIG. 12, step) S215). Thereby, the storage battery control part 14 respond
- the storage battery control unit 14 suppresses the increase in the site output power PLW and charges the storage battery 8 with the suppressed difference power (Yes in step S212 in FIG. 12, step S215). Thereby, the storage battery control part 14 respond
- the storage battery control unit 14 suppresses the drop in the site output power PLW and discharges the suppressed difference power from the storage battery 8 (Yes in step S214 in FIG. 12, step S213). Thereby, the storage battery control part 14 respond
- the storage battery control unit 14 When the fluctuation of the generated power of the PV module 2 is within the range of both the ascending speed allowable value and the descending speed allowable value, the storage battery control unit 14 does not charge / discharge the storage battery 8 but generates the generated power of the PV module 2. All are set to the site output power PLW (No in step S214 in FIG. 12, step S216).
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing daily fluctuations in the site output power PLW by simple control of the storage battery 8.
- a dotted line indicates a portion where power is compensated by the storage battery 8.
- FIG. 14 is a graph showing fluctuations in the charge / discharge amount of the storage battery 8 by simple control.
- FIG. 15 is a graph showing fluctuations in the storage amount (SOC, “State” of “Charge”) of the storage battery 8 by simple control.
- FIG. 13, FIG. 14 and FIG. 15 show the state at the same time on the same day.
- the generated power of the PV system 10A has a curve that peaks during the daytime when there is a lot of sunlight on a clear day as shown in FIG.
- the storage battery 8 is charged.
- the power storage amount of the storage battery 8 is mostly in a state where it is in a state near full charge or a state close to zero.
- the storage battery 8 is in a fully charged state, it cannot be charged when the site output power PLW increases, and the increase in the site output power PLW due to charging of the storage battery 8 cannot be suppressed.
- the storage battery 8 is in a state close to zero, the discharge cannot be performed when the site output power PLW decreases, and the decrease in the site output power PLW due to the discharge of the storage battery 8 cannot be suppressed.
- an increase in the capacity of the storage battery 8 increases the cost of the PV system 10A as a whole.
- FIG. 16 is a graph showing daily fluctuations in the site output power PLW by the control of the storage battery 8 by the storage battery control unit 14.
- a dotted line indicates a portion where power is compensated by the storage battery 8.
- a one-dot chain line indicates a portion where the peak cut by the storage battery 8 is performed.
- FIG. 17 is a graph showing fluctuations in the charge / discharge amount of the storage battery 8 under the control of the storage battery control unit 14.
- FIG. 18 is a graph showing fluctuations in the amount of power stored in the storage battery 8 under the control of the storage battery control unit 14. 16, FIG. 17 and FIG. 18 show the state at the same time on the same day.
- charging of the storage battery 8 is started after the site output power PLW exceeds the set value.
- the peak of the site output power PLW is suppressed by charging. Even if there is a sudden drop in generated power due to the influence of a cloud shadow or the like thereafter, the fluctuation range in which the site output power PLW falls is reduced by the amount of the peak value being low. Less capacity is required.
- FIG. 19 is a graph showing daily fluctuations different from the days shown in FIGS. 16 to 18 of the site output power PLW by the control of the storage battery 8 by the storage battery control unit 14.
- a dotted line indicates a portion where the peak cut by the storage battery 8 is performed.
- the alternate long and short dash line indicates a portion where power fluctuation is suppressed by switching the PCS 3 from MPPT control to constant power control.
- the storage battery control unit 14 switches the PCS 3 from MPPT control to constant power control.
- the storage battery control unit 14 can suppress sudden power fluctuations even when the storage battery 8 is fully charged by giving the PCS 3 a set power command value for each moment.
- the storage battery control unit 14 can effectively use the capacity of the storage battery 8 by controlling charging / discharging of the storage battery 8 so as to suppress fluctuations in the site output power PLW.
- capacitance of the storage battery 8 installed in PV system 10A can be made small.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment as it is, and can be embodied by modifying constituent elements without departing from the scope of the invention in the implementation stage.
- various inventions can be formed by appropriately combining a plurality of components disclosed in the embodiment. For example, some components may be deleted from all the components shown in the embodiment.
- constituent elements over different embodiments may be appropriately combined.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明の第1の実施形態に係るPVシステム10の構成を示す構成図である。なお、図面における同一部分には同一符号を付してその詳しい説明を省略し、異なる部分について主に述べる。
修正差分=Kp×(今回の差分-前回の差分+fc×今回の差分/Ti) …式(2)
差分=サイト上限値-現在のサイト出力電力PLW …式(3)
ここで、Kpは比例定数(ゲイン)、fcはMSC1の制御周波数、Tiは積分定数をそれぞれ表している。
ここで、PCS最大電力は、PCS3の定格容量に関係なく、出力することができる最大の電力である。
ここで、制御時間当たりのサイト電力変換幅は、制御時間当たりにサイト出力電力PLWを変化させることのできる電力幅である。
図10は、本発明の第2の実施形態に係るPVシステム10Aの構成を示す構成図である。
Claims (15)
- 太陽光により発電する複数の発電手段と、
前記複数の発電手段により発電された電力を電力系統に出力する交流電力に変換する複数のインバータと、
前記複数のインバータの出力電力を予め決められた容量以下に制限する第1の制限手段と、
予め決められた条件を満たす場合、前記複数のインバータのうち少なくとも1つのインバータの出力電力を、前記第1の制限手段により制限される前記予め決められた容量を超える値で制限する第2の制限手段と、
前記第1の制限手段又は前記第2の制限手段に基づいて、前記複数のインバータの出力電力を制御するインバータ制御手段と
を備えることを特徴とする太陽光発電システム。 - 前記第2の制限手段は、前記予め決められた条件を、前記複数のインバータのうち少なくとも1つのインバータの出力電力が前記予め決められた容量未満であることとすること
を特徴とする請求項1に記載の太陽光発電システム。 - 前記インバータ制御手段は、前記電力系統に出力する交流電力の変動を所定の変動幅の範囲内に制御すること
を特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載の太陽光発電システム。 - 蓄電池と、
前記電力系統に出力する交流電力の変動を抑制するように、前記蓄電池の充放電を制御する蓄電池制御手段と
を備えることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の太陽光発電システム。 - 前記蓄電池制御手段は、前記電力系統に出力する交流電力が予め決められた第1の電力を超えると、前記蓄電池の充電を開始すること
を特徴とする請求項4に記載の太陽光発電システム。 - 前記蓄電池制御手段は、前記電力系統に出力する交流電力が予め決められた第2の電力を下回ると、前記蓄電池の放電を開始すること
を特徴とする請求項4又は請求項5に記載の太陽光発電システム。 - 太陽光により発電する複数の発電器により発電された電力を電力系統に出力する交流電力に変換する複数のインバータを制御する太陽光発電システムの制御装置であって、
前記複数のインバータの出力電力を予め決められた容量以下に制限する第1の制限手段と、
予め決められた条件を満たす場合、前記複数のインバータのうち少なくとも1つのインバータの出力電力を、前記第1の制限手段により制限される前記予め決められた容量を超える値で制限する第2の制限手段と、
前記第1の制限手段又は前記第2の制限手段に基づいて、前記複数のインバータの出力電力を制御するインバータ制御手段と
を備えることを特徴とする太陽光発電システムの制御装置。 - 前記第2の制限手段は、前記予め決められた条件を、前記複数のインバータのうち少なくとも1つのインバータの出力電力が前記予め決められた容量未満であることとすること
を特徴とする請求項7に記載の太陽光発電システムの制御装置。 - 前記インバータ制御手段は、前記電力系統に出力する交流電力の変動を所定の変動幅の範囲内に制御すること
を特徴とする請求項7又は請求項8に記載の太陽光発電システムの制御装置。 - 前記太陽光発電システムは、蓄電池を備え、
前記電力系統に出力する交流電力の変動を抑制するように、前記蓄電池の充放電を制御する蓄電池制御手段と
を備えることを特徴とする請求項7から請求項9のいずれか1項に記載の太陽光発電システムの制御装置。 - 太陽光により発電する複数の発電器により発電された電力を電力系統に出力する交流電力に変換する複数のインバータを制御する太陽光発電システムの制御装置であって、
前記複数のインバータの出力電力を制御するインバータ制御手段と、
前記電力系統に出力する交流電力の変動を抑制するように、前記太陽光発電システムに備わる蓄電池の充放電を制御する蓄電池制御手段と
を備えることを特徴とする太陽光発電システムの制御装置。 - 前記蓄電池制御手段は、前記電力系統に出力する交流電力が予め決められた第1の電力を超えると、前記蓄電池の充電を開始すること
を特徴とする請求項10又は請求項11に記載の太陽光発電システムの制御装置。 - 前記蓄電池制御手段は、前記電力系統に出力する交流電力が予め決められた第2の電力を下回ると、前記蓄電池の放電を開始すること
を特徴とする請求項10から請求項12のいずれか1項に記載の太陽光発電システムの制御装置。 - 太陽光により発電する複数の発電器により発電された電力を電力系統に出力する交流電力に変換する複数のインバータを制御する太陽光発電システムの制御方法であって、
前記複数のインバータの出力電力を予め決められた容量以下に制限する第1の制限をし、
予め決められた条件を満たす場合、前記複数のインバータのうち少なくとも1つのインバータの出力電力を、前記予め決められた容量を超える値で制限する第2の制限をし、
前記第1の制限又は前記第2の制限に基づいて、前記複数のインバータの出力電力を制御すること
を含むことを特徴とする太陽光発電システムの制御方法。 - 太陽光により発電する複数の発電器により発電された電力を電力系統に出力する交流電力に変換する複数のインバータを制御する太陽光発電システムの制御方法であって、
前記複数のインバータの出力電力を制御し、
前記電力系統に出力する交流電力の変動を抑制するように、前記太陽光発電システムに備わる蓄電池の充放電を制御すること
を含むことを特徴とする太陽光発電システムの制御方法。
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JP2018133841A (ja) * | 2017-02-13 | 2018-08-23 | 株式会社ニプロン | 電力管理装置、増設用発電システム、発電システム、及び電力管理方法 |
JP6281649B1 (ja) * | 2017-02-13 | 2018-02-21 | 株式会社ニプロン | 電力管理装置、増設用発電システム、発電システム、及び電力管理方法 |
JP2019037041A (ja) * | 2017-08-10 | 2019-03-07 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 発電制御システム、プログラム、及び制御方法 |
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JPWO2019058428A1 (ja) * | 2017-09-19 | 2020-10-15 | 東芝三菱電機産業システム株式会社 | 太陽光発電システムおよび太陽光発電方法 |
WO2019187525A1 (ja) * | 2018-03-26 | 2019-10-03 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 判定装置、太陽光発電システムおよび判定方法 |
JP7095734B2 (ja) | 2018-03-26 | 2022-07-05 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 判定装置、太陽光発電システムおよび判定方法 |
JPWO2019187525A1 (ja) * | 2018-03-26 | 2021-03-25 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 判定装置、太陽光発電システムおよび判定方法 |
JP2019187022A (ja) * | 2018-04-05 | 2019-10-24 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 発電システムおよびその制御方法 |
WO2019193837A1 (ja) * | 2018-04-05 | 2019-10-10 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 発電システムおよびその制御方法 |
JP7180993B2 (ja) | 2018-04-05 | 2022-11-30 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 発電システム |
JPWO2021001936A1 (ja) * | 2019-07-02 | 2021-01-07 | ||
WO2021001936A1 (ja) | 2019-07-02 | 2021-01-07 | 東芝三菱電機産業システム株式会社 | 電力システム |
JP7164042B2 (ja) | 2019-07-02 | 2022-11-01 | 東芝三菱電機産業システム株式会社 | 電力システム |
US11509142B2 (en) | 2019-07-02 | 2022-11-22 | Toshiba Mitsubishi-Electric Industrial Systems Corporation | Electrical power system |
JP7498145B2 (ja) | 2021-04-26 | 2024-06-11 | 京セラ株式会社 | 電力変換システム |
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JP6163558B2 (ja) | 2017-07-12 |
CN108736516A (zh) | 2018-11-02 |
CN105493372B (zh) | 2018-12-14 |
JPWO2015029138A1 (ja) | 2017-03-02 |
US10355487B2 (en) | 2019-07-16 |
CN105493372A (zh) | 2016-04-13 |
US20160172864A1 (en) | 2016-06-16 |
CN108736516B (zh) | 2023-01-31 |
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