WO2015025712A1 - 分散電源設備システム - Google Patents

分散電源設備システム Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015025712A1
WO2015025712A1 PCT/JP2014/070720 JP2014070720W WO2015025712A1 WO 2015025712 A1 WO2015025712 A1 WO 2015025712A1 JP 2014070720 W JP2014070720 W JP 2014070720W WO 2015025712 A1 WO2015025712 A1 WO 2015025712A1
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Prior art keywords
power
distributed
voltage
reactive
adjustment function
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Ceased
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PCT/JP2014/070720
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
正明 大島
修一 宇敷
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Origin Electric Co Ltd
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Origin Electric Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for feeding a single network from two or more generators or sources in parallel; Arrangements for feeding already energised networks from additional generators or sources in parallel
    • H02J3/46—Controlling the sharing of generated power between the generators, sources or networks
    • H02J3/50—Controlling the sharing of reactive power
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/12—Arrangements for adjusting voltage in AC networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H02J3/16—Arrangements for adjusting voltage in AC networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by adjustment of reactive power
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a distributed power supply equipment system in which a plurality of distributed power supply equipment including a distributed power supply and a power conditioner are connected to a low-voltage single-phase distribution line at one connection point.
  • a distributed power source there is a distributed power source of a DC energy source that generates DC power, such as a solar power generation facility, a wind power generation facility, or a fuel cell.
  • a distributed power supply and a power conditioner are combined to form a distributed power supply facility.
  • the power conditioner converts the DC power from the distributed power supply into AC power and controls the interconnection with the power system. Supply power to the grid.
  • a distributed power source facility composed of a distributed power source and a power conditioner is connected to a low-voltage single-phase distribution line of the power system.
  • the distributed power source is a photovoltaic power generation facility, it is connected to a 210 V distribution line.
  • supply power to the power system via a transformer by connecting multiple distributed power supply equipment to a low-voltage single-phase distribution line at one connection point.
  • the voltage at the connection point of the low-voltage single-phase distribution line (lead line) connecting the distributed power supply system to the transformer must increase. There is. This is because when the power generated by multiple distributed power facilities is supplied to the power grid, the reverse power flows through the low-voltage single-phase distribution line, and the voltage at the interconnection point increases by the voltage generated by the impedance. Because it does.
  • the driving power factor of the electric power does not fall below the predetermined lower limit value.
  • the power is controlled so as to increase the reactive power, the connection point voltage between the distribution system and the predetermined distributed power source exceeds the predetermined upper limit value, and the driving power factor of the electric power exceeds the predetermined lower limit value.
  • each distributed power supply equipment may increase reactive power or reduce active power based on a connection point voltage, and the connection point voltage of a distributed power supply equipment may not rise.
  • each distributed power supply equipment individually controls the connection point voltage, when multiple distributed power supply facilities are connected at a single connection point, It is necessary to coordinate with voltage control.
  • each distributed power supply facility increases reactive power or decreases active power, the difference between active power output when maximum power point tracking control is performed and active power output when output suppression control is performed.
  • the output suppression loss increases, and the operating efficiency of the distributed power supply facility decreases.
  • the object of the present invention is to improve the overall operation efficiency and suppress the increase of the connection point voltage when a plurality of distributed power supply facilities are connected to the low-voltage single-phase distribution line at one connection point. It is to provide a distributed power supply equipment system.
  • the distributed power supply equipment system of the present invention comprises a plurality of distributed power supply equipment comprising a distributed power source of a direct current energy source and a power converter for converting direct current power from the distributed power source into alternating current power at a single interconnection point.
  • some power converters of multiple distributed power supply facilities have a reactive power adjustment function that has a function of outputting reactive power
  • the power converter of the remaining distributed power supply equipment is a normal power control that does not have a reactive power adjustment function, and one of the power converters with the reactive power adjustment function outputs reactive power, and the power control of the remaining distributed power supply equipment.
  • each power controller of a plurality of distributed power supply facilities determines whether or not the interconnection point voltage exceeds a predetermined value as the active power increases. If the power converter with reactive power adjustment function that outputs active power is expected to exceed the specified value, the reactive power is output sequentially so that the connected voltage does not exceed the specified value.
  • a power converter with a reactive power adjustment function when connecting a plurality of distributed power supply facilities to a low-voltage single-phase distribution line at a single connection point, a power converter with a reactive power adjustment function is connected, When the point voltage is expected to exceed a predetermined value, reactive power is sequentially output so that the connection point voltage does not exceed, so the overall operating efficiency can be improved and the increase of the connection point voltage can be suppressed. .
  • FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an example of a distributed power supply equipment system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the distributed power sources 11a to 11n are direct current energy sources that generate direct current power such as solar power generation facilities, wind power generation facilities, or fuel cells.
  • the power conditioners 12a to 12n are provided in the distributed power sources 11a to 11n, respectively, convert DC power from the distributed power sources 11a to 11n into AC power, and connect to the connection point 13. That is, the distributed power sources 11a to 11n and the power conditioners 12a to 12n are combined to form the distributed power source facilities 14a to 14n.
  • the plurality of distributed power source facilities 14a to 14n are connected to the low-voltage single-phase distribution line 15 at one interconnection point 13. And supplies power to the power system 17 via the transformer 16.
  • a distributed power supply facility side load 18 is connected to the interconnection point 13
  • a power system side load 19 is connected to the power system 17 side of the transformer 16.
  • some of the power conditioners 12a and 12b among the distributed power supply facilities 14a to 14n are power conditioners with a reactive power adjustment function
  • the power conditioners 12c to 12n of the remaining distributed power supply facilities are normal power conditioners that do not have a reactive power adjustment function.
  • a single phase voltage type AC / DC converter disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 5184153 of the present applicant is used as the power converter with the reactive power adjustment function.
  • This power converter with reactive power adjustment function is a voltage-type voltage control inverter with the same characteristics as a synchronous single-phase generator that has internal impedance and can perform reactive power control, and can calculate single-phase reactive power accurately and quickly. It has a function, for example, the AC power measuring device shown in Japanese Patent No. 238358.
  • the normal power conditioners 12c to 12n are voltage-type current control type inverters that convert DC power generated by the distributed power supplies 11c to 11n into AC power.
  • any one of the power conditioners 12a and 12b with reactive power adjustment function for example, the power conditioner 12a with reactive power adjustment function, outputs the reactive power Qa.
  • FIG. 1 shows a case where the power converter 12a with the reactive power adjustment function outputs not only the reactive power Qa but also the active power Pa. Further, the power conditioners 12b to 12n of the remaining distributed power supply facilities output only active powers Pb to Pn.
  • each of the power conditioners 12a to 12n determines whether or not the interconnection point voltage V1 exceeds a predetermined value in accordance with an increase in the active power P.
  • FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of the power conditioner 12.
  • the power conditioner 12 inputs DC power from the distributed power supply 11 to the power conversion unit 20, and the power conversion unit 20 converts the DC power into AC power.
  • the output voltage V of the power conversion unit 20 is detected by the voltage detector 21
  • the output current I of the power conversion unit 20 is detected by the current detector 22, and is input to the interconnection point voltage monitoring unit 23.
  • the connection point voltage monitoring unit 23 calculates its own output power P and monitors whether or not the connection point voltage V1 is expected to exceed a predetermined value. For example, the correlation between the self output power P and the connection point voltage V1 is stored in advance, and when the self output power P increases, the connection point voltage V1 exceeds a predetermined value due to the correlation. Monitor if expected.
  • connection point voltage V1 When the connection point voltage V1 is not predicted to exceed the predetermined value by the connection point voltage monitoring unit 23, the power conditioner 12a that has already output the reactive power Qa is maintained as it is. Similarly, the power conditioners 12b to 12n outputting only the effective powers Pb to Pn also maintain the same state. The power conditioners 12b to 12n outputting only the effective powers Pb to Pn output the effective powers Pb to Pn by the maximum power tracking control MPPT.
  • connection point voltage V1 is predicted to exceed the predetermined value by the connection point voltage monitoring unit 23.
  • the power conditioner 12 is a power conditioner 12a, 12b with a reactive power adjustment function
  • the control units 24a, 24b Operates so as to output reactive power so that the interconnection point voltage V1 does not exceed a predetermined value.
  • the reactive power Qa is increased to reduce the active power Pa, and the power controller 12b with the reactive power adjustment function is connected to the power converter 12a with the reactive power adjustment function.
  • the maximum power tracking control MPPT is stopped and the reactive power Qb is output.
  • the reactive power Qa of the power converter 12a with the reactive power adjustment function may be maintained as it is, and the power converter 12b with the reactive power adjustment function may additionally output the reactive power Qb.
  • the power conditioner 12 is the normal power conditioners 12c to 12n
  • the connection point voltage V1 is predicted to exceed a predetermined value by the connection point voltage monitoring parts 23c to 23n
  • the control parts 24c to 24n The power tracking control MPPT is stopped and the outputs of the effective powers Pc to Pn are reduced. Nevertheless, when it is predicted that the interconnection point voltage V1 exceeds the predetermined value, any one of the normal power conditioners 12c to 12n may be stopped.
  • the power converter with the reactive power adjustment function and the normal power converter are mixed, but all the power converters may be the power converter with the reactive power adjustment function.
  • the power converter with the reactive power adjustment function outputs the active power P by the maximum power tracking control MPPT.
  • FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of another example of the distributed power supply equipment system according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Another example is that, in contrast to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, instead of outputting any reactive power to any one of the power converters with the reactive power adjustment function, each power converter always outputs only the active power. When the output voltage is predicted to exceed the predetermined value, the reactive power is output from the power converter with the reactive power adjustment function.
  • the same elements as those in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.
  • the power conditioners 12a and 12b of the distributed power supply facilities 14a to 14n are power conditioners with a reactive power adjustment function, and the remaining power conditioners 12c to 12n of the distributed power supply facilities do not have a reactive power adjustment function.
  • power inverter Normally, each of the power conditioners 12a to 12n outputs only the effective power Pa to Pn by the maximum power tracking control MPPT.
  • the connection point voltage monitoring units 23a to 23n of the power conditioners 12a to 12n determine whether or not the connection point voltage V1 exceeds a predetermined value in accordance with the increase in the active power Pa to Pn.
  • connection point voltage V1 When the connection point voltage V1 is not expected to exceed the predetermined value by the connection point voltage monitoring units 23a to 23n, the power conditioners 12a to 12n are maintained as they are. On the other hand, when the connection point voltage V1 is predicted to exceed a predetermined value by the connection point voltage monitoring units 23a and 23b of the power conditioners 12a and 12b with the reactive power adjustment function, one of the power conditioners 12a and 12b is connected. Reactive power is output so that the system point voltage V1 does not exceed a predetermined value. Now, assume that the power conditioner 12a operates to output reactive power.
  • FIG. 3B is a configuration diagram showing a state where the power conditioner 12a outputs the reactive power Qa while outputting the active power Pa. And even if the power conditioner 12a becomes the state which outputs only the reactive power Qa, when it is estimated that the connection point voltage V1 exceeds a predetermined value, the power conditioner 12b stops the maximum power tracking control MPPT and outputs the reactive power Qb. Note that both the power conditioners 12a and 12b may output the reactive powers Qa and Qb while outputting the active powers Pa and Pb.
  • connection point voltage V1 is predicted to exceed the predetermined value by the connection point voltage monitoring units 23c to 23n of the normal power conditioners 12c to 12n
  • the control units 24c to 24n stop the maximum power follow-up control MPPT and the effective power Decrease the output of Pc to Pn.
  • any one of the normal power conditioners 12c to 12n may be stopped.
  • the control units 24c to 24n of the normal power conditioners 12c to 12n maintain the maximum power tracking control MPPT.
  • the power converter with the reactive power adjustment function and the normal power converter are mixed, but all the power converters may be the power converter with the reactive power adjustment function.
  • the power converter with the reactive power adjustment function outputs the active power P by the maximum power tracking control MPPT.
  • each of the power conditioners 12a to 12n detects the output voltage V and the output current I of the power conditioners 12a to 12n, and calculates its own output power P based on its own output voltage V and output current I. It is calculated and monitored whether or not the interconnection point voltage V1 is expected to exceed a predetermined value, but as shown in FIG. 4A, in addition to its own output voltage V and output current I, The connection point voltage V1 and the connection point current I1 are detected, the voltage V and the output current I of the own low-voltage single-phase distribution line, the connection point voltage V1 and the connection point current of the plurality of power conditioners 12a to 12n. Based on I1, it may be determined whether the interconnection point voltage V1 exceeds a predetermined value.
  • connection point voltage V1 is determined based on the correlation between the increase in its own output power P and the increase in the connection point voltage V1. Determine if the value is expected to be exceeded.
  • the detection of the self output voltage V and the output current I is omitted, the connection point power P1 is calculated based on the connection point voltage V1 and the connection point current I1, and the increase in the connection point power P1 is linked to the increase. Based on the correlation with the increase in the system point voltage V1, it may be determined whether or not the connection point voltage V1 is expected to exceed a predetermined value.
  • the terminal voltage V2 and the terminal current I2 on the distributed power source 14 side of the transformer 17 are detected, the voltage V and the output current I at the connection point of its own low-voltage single-phase distribution line, the terminal voltage V2 on the distributed power source 14 side of the transformer 17 and Based on the terminal current I2, it may be determined whether the interconnection point voltage V1 exceeds a predetermined value.
  • the correlation between the self output power P and the interconnection point voltage V1 the correlation between the increase in the self output power P and the increase in the terminal voltage V2 on the distributed power source 14 side of the transformer 17, It is determined whether or not the interconnection point voltage V1 is expected to exceed a predetermined value. Further, the detection of its own output voltage V and output current I is omitted, the terminal power P2 is calculated based on the terminal voltage V2 and the terminal current I2 on the distributed power source 14 side of the transformer 17, and the increase in the terminal power P2 is calculated. It may be determined whether or not the connection point voltage V1 is expected to exceed a predetermined value from the correlation with the increase in the connection point voltage V1.
  • FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram of an example of the distributed power supply system according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • a distributed power source equipment load 18 a photovoltaic power generation facility as the distributed power sources 11 x and 11 y, a normal power conditioner 12 x and a power conditioner 12 y with a reactive power adjustment function as the power conditioner, and the distributed power source facilities 14 x and 14 y are prepared.
  • the equipment system was configured.
  • FIG. 6 shows the relationship between the active power Px of the power conditioner 12x and the interconnection point voltage V1.
  • connection point voltage V1 becomes 190 V due to the voltage drop of the low-voltage single-phase distribution line 15 due to the power flow from the power system 17 to the distributed power supply equipment side load 18.
  • the power supply to the distributed power supply facility side load 18 is gradually switched from the power system 17 to the power conditioner 12x, and the voltage drop of the low-voltage single-phase distribution line 15 is reduced.
  • the supply to the distributed power supply facility side load 18 is only the power conditioner 14x, 2kW of active power Px is supplied from the power conditioner 14x, and the interconnection point voltage V1 becomes 199V. At this time, the voltage rise of the interconnection point voltage V1 is 9.2V.
  • the interconnection point voltage V1 rises above 199V due to the voltage drop of the low-voltage single-phase distribution line 15.
  • the reverse power flow power is supplied to the other power system side load 19, and the voltage increase of the interconnection point voltage V1 becomes 13.4V. It is assumed that the change in the system voltage Vac of the power system 17 is negligible, and attention is paid to the voltage change only in the impedance Z of the low-voltage single-phase distribution line.
  • connection point voltage V1 due to the active power Py and the reactive power Qy was measured.
  • the output of the distributed power source 11y which is a solar cell facility
  • the amount of power generation increases and the output of the active power Py of the power conditioner 12y also increases.
  • the interconnection point voltage V1 rises due to the reverse flow from the power conditioner 12y to the power system 17, the power conditioner 12y also generates reactive power Qy at the same time, and therefore suppresses the rise of the interconnection point voltage V1.
  • FIG. 7 shows the relationship between the active power Py of the power conditioner 12y that outputs the reactive power Qy and the interconnection point voltage V1.
  • FIG. 7 also shows a curve S1 of the active power Px by the normal power conditioner 12x.
  • the voltage rise at the active power of 3 kW becomes 4.5 V due to the offset between the voltage rise by the active power Py and the voltage drop by the reactive power Qy.
  • the voltage rise is suppressed to 8.9V.
  • the voltage rise is 6.1 V even when the active power Py is 5 kW, and is suppressed to be lower than the system voltage Vac even during reverse power flow.
  • the reactive power Qy at this time is about 1.3 kVar.
  • the reactive power Qy is generated from the phase difference between the output current Iy and the output voltage Vy of the power converter 12y with the reactive power adjustment function.
  • FIG. 8 shows the relationship between the interconnection point voltage V1 during parallel operation of the power converter 12y with the reactive power adjustment function and the normal power converter 12x.
  • the curve S1 of the active power Px by the normal power conditioner 12x is also shown.
  • the active power P (Py) is output up to 3 kW, and then the normal power conditioner 12x is additionally operated to perform the parallel operation of the two units. did.
  • the power converter 12y with the reactive power adjustment function causes the low-voltage single-phase distribution line in which the reactive power Qy is generated to have a reverse power flow of 2kW from the normal power converter 12x, but the voltage rise is 4v. With 12x alone, a voltage drop of 9.2V was observed, but a voltage of 5.2V could be suppressed during parallel operation with the power conditioner 12y. In this way, the power converter 12y with the reactive power adjustment function exhibits the function of suppressing the voltage increase of the connection point voltage V1 even when connected in parallel with the normal power converter 12x.
  • the present invention by generating the active power P and the reactive power Q from the power converter 12 with the reactive power adjustment function at the same time, it is possible to suppress the voltage rise value during reverse power flow.
  • a plurality of power conditioners 12 are connected to one interconnection point 13 and each power conditioner 12 outputs active power P, at least one of them outputs reactive power Q, so that during reverse power flow The voltage rise value can be suppressed.
  • SYMBOLS 11 Distributed power supply, 12 ... Power conditioner, 13 ... Interconnection point, 14 ... Distributed power supply equipment, 15 ... Low voltage single phase distribution line, 16 ... Transformer, 17 ... Electric power system, 18 ... Distributed power equipment side load, 19 ... Electric power system Side load, 20 ... power conversion unit, 21 ... voltage detector, 22 ... current detector, 23 ... interconnection point voltage monitoring unit, 24 ... control unit

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
PCT/JP2014/070720 2013-08-19 2014-08-06 分散電源設備システム Ceased WO2015025712A1 (ja)

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Cited By (3)

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WO2019096631A1 (de) * 2017-11-16 2019-05-23 Sma Solar Technology Ag Einspeisen von elektrischer leistung einer photovoltaikanlage in ein wechselstromnetz geringer kurzschlussleistung
EP3424119A4 (en) * 2016-03-04 2019-08-14 Doosan Fuel Cell America, Inc. FUEL CELL POWER PLANT WITH REAL AND REACTIVE POWER MODES
CN113346518A (zh) * 2021-05-20 2021-09-03 南方电网电动汽车服务有限公司 电压控制方法、系统、电子设备及存储介质

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JP6613631B2 (ja) * 2015-06-03 2019-12-04 東京電力ホールディングス株式会社 系統電圧上昇原因判別支援装置及び方法
JP6611622B2 (ja) * 2016-01-19 2019-11-27 三菱電機株式会社 発電システム
US11233398B2 (en) 2017-09-12 2022-01-25 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Distributed power supply system
JP7010690B2 (ja) * 2017-12-27 2022-01-26 株式会社日立インダストリアルプロダクツ 発電システム
JP6693595B1 (ja) * 2019-07-09 2020-05-13 富士電機株式会社 系統連系装置
JP7438826B2 (ja) * 2020-03-31 2024-02-27 大和ハウス工業株式会社 電力供給システム
CN112152226B (zh) * 2020-08-28 2022-08-02 华北电力科学研究院有限责任公司 基于分布式光伏节点的调压方法及装置

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3424119A4 (en) * 2016-03-04 2019-08-14 Doosan Fuel Cell America, Inc. FUEL CELL POWER PLANT WITH REAL AND REACTIVE POWER MODES
AU2017225510B2 (en) * 2016-03-04 2021-11-04 HyAxiom, Inc Fuel cell power plant with real and reactive power modes
US11442483B2 (en) 2016-03-04 2022-09-13 Hyaxiom, Inc. Fuel cell power plant with real and reactive power modes
WO2019096631A1 (de) * 2017-11-16 2019-05-23 Sma Solar Technology Ag Einspeisen von elektrischer leistung einer photovoltaikanlage in ein wechselstromnetz geringer kurzschlussleistung
US11557899B2 (en) 2017-11-16 2023-01-17 Sma Solar Technology Ag Feeding electric power from a photovoltaic system into an AC system having a low short-circuit capacity
CN113346518A (zh) * 2021-05-20 2021-09-03 南方电网电动汽车服务有限公司 电压控制方法、系统、电子设备及存储介质

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