WO2015019925A1 - 複層ガラス - Google Patents

複層ガラス Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015019925A1
WO2015019925A1 PCT/JP2014/070112 JP2014070112W WO2015019925A1 WO 2015019925 A1 WO2015019925 A1 WO 2015019925A1 JP 2014070112 W JP2014070112 W JP 2014070112W WO 2015019925 A1 WO2015019925 A1 WO 2015019925A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
glass
intermediate film
glass plate
laminated glass
indoor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2014/070112
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
和之 栗原
Original Assignee
旭硝子株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 旭硝子株式会社 filed Critical 旭硝子株式会社
Priority to JP2015530843A priority Critical patent/JP6337898B2/ja
Priority to CN201480044333.2A priority patent/CN105473526B/zh
Priority to EP14833628.2A priority patent/EP3031786B1/en
Publication of WO2015019925A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015019925A1/ja
Priority to US14/966,396 priority patent/US9969148B2/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B32B17/10045—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets with at least one intermediate layer consisting of a glass sheet
    • B32B17/10055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets with at least one intermediate layer consisting of a glass sheet with at least one intermediate air space
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10082—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet
    • B32B17/10091—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet thermally hardened
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10128—Treatment of at least one glass sheet
    • B32B17/10137—Chemical strengthening
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
    • B32B17/10201—Dielectric coatings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
    • B32B17/1022—Metallic coatings
    • B32B17/10229—Metallic layers sandwiched by dielectric layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10431—Specific parts for the modulation of light incorporated into the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10431—Specific parts for the modulation of light incorporated into the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10467—Variable transmission
    • B32B17/10495—Variable transmission optoelectronic, i.e. optical valve
    • B32B17/10504—Liquid crystal layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10431—Specific parts for the modulation of light incorporated into the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10467—Variable transmission
    • B32B17/10495—Variable transmission optoelectronic, i.e. optical valve
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10431—Specific parts for the modulation of light incorporated into the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10467—Variable transmission
    • B32B17/10495—Variable transmission optoelectronic, i.e. optical valve
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
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    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10788—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing ethylene vinylacetate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
    • B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
    • B60J1/001—Double glazing for vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D25/00—Window arrangements peculiar to rail vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/10—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular acoustical properties
    • B32B2307/102—Insulating
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    • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
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    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/10—Trains
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/67—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/67—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light
    • E06B3/6715—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light specially adapted for increased thermal insulation or for controlled passage of light

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a multilayer glass having a dimming function.
  • multilayer glass As for the window glass for railway vehicles, in order to improve sound insulation, heat insulation, and safety, multilayer glass is generally used (see Patent Document 1, etc.).
  • This multilayer glass is configured by separating an outdoor glass plate and an indoor glass plate via a spacer and sealing a peripheral edge portion with a sealing material.
  • a non-reinforced glass plate (float glass) having a thickness of 5 mm is used as the outdoor glass plate and the indoor glass plate.
  • the strength of the multilayer glass is set to a strength suitable for a window glass for a railway vehicle.
  • the outdoor glass plate of the double-glazed glass of Patent Document 1 is provided with a self-dimming film.
  • This self-light-modulating film is formed by sputtering on the surface facing the indoor glass plate among the two surfaces of the outdoor glass plate. According to this self-modulating film, when the intensity of light from the outside is low, the visible light transmittance is 70 to 90%, and when the intensity of light from the outside is high, the visible light is transmitted. It has a function to make the rate 50-70%.
  • the double-glazed glass of Patent Document 1 uses two non-tempered glass plates having a thickness of 5 mm in order to give strength suitable for a window glass for a railway vehicle. Thereby, there existed a problem that the multilayer glass of patent document 1 became heavy.
  • the strength of the glass means the resistance to breakage when subjected to an impact by an external force
  • the strength is a three-point bending test according to “JIS R 1601 Bending strength test method of fine ceramics”
  • it can be measured by a 4-point bending test.
  • the double-glazed glass of Patent Document 1 has a problem that the sun light transmitted through the outdoor glass plate is directly incident on the self-light control film, so that the temperature of the self-light control film is increased by the heat of sunlight.
  • the temperature of the outdoor glass plate is raised to nearly 80 to 100 degrees, and if left in this state for a long time, there is a problem that the performance of the self-light control film deteriorates.
  • the SPD In a light control sheet that is not a self light control film but changes the light transmittance by voltage application, for example, a suspended particle device (hereinafter referred to as SPD (Suspended Particle Device)), the SPD has an upper endurance upper limit temperature of 90 to 100 degrees. Therefore, there is a risk that the performance is deteriorated early.
  • SPD suspended Particle Device
  • the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and is a multilayer glass having a light control function capable of reducing the weight while maintaining the strength and ensuring the performance of the light control sheet over a long period of time.
  • the purpose is to provide.
  • the outdoor laminated glass arranged on the outdoor side and the indoor laminated glass arranged on the indoor side have spacers.
  • Each side surface of the spacer that is spaced through and opposed to the outdoor side laminated glass and the indoor side laminated glass is bonded to the outdoor side laminated glass and the indoor side laminated glass by a primary sealing material, and
  • the outdoor laminated glass includes a first chemically strengthened glass plate, a first intermediate film, and a second chemically strengthened glass plate.
  • the indoor laminated glass includes a glass plate, a second intermediate film, a light control sheet, and a front plate on which a heat ray reflective film is formed.
  • a multilayer glass comprising a third intermediate film, a fourth intermediate film, and a tempered glass plate surrounding the light control sheet, which are arranged from the outdoor side toward the indoor side. I will provide a.
  • the outdoor laminated glass is constituted by the first chemically strengthened glass plate, the first intermediate film, and the second chemically strengthened glass plate.
  • the indoor side laminated glass is constituted by the non-tempered glass plate, the second intermediate film, the light control sheet, the third intermediate film, the fourth intermediate film, and the tempered glass plate.
  • the indoor side laminated glass of the present invention can obtain the same strength as the conventional indoor side glass plate even if the thickness thereof is reduced as compared with the indoor side glass plate which is a conventional non-tempered glass plate. .
  • weight reduction can be achieved while maintaining strength.
  • the light control sheet is interposed between the second intermediate film and the fourth intermediate film, and the light control sheet is surrounded by the third intermediate film at the peripheral edge thereof.
  • the light control sheet of a delicate structure can be protected reliably.
  • the heat ray reflective film is formed on the glass plate, the light control sheet can be protected from the heat of sunlight.
  • the performance of the light control sheet can be guaranteed over a long period of time.
  • the glass plate (glass plate in which a heat ray reflective film is formed) arrange
  • positioned at an outdoor side in the above-mentioned indoor side laminated glass is a non-tempered glass plate.
  • an outdoor laminated glass arranged on the outdoor side and an indoor laminated glass arranged on the indoor side have spacers.
  • Each side surface of the spacer that is spaced through and opposed to the outdoor side laminated glass and the indoor side laminated glass is bonded to the outdoor side laminated glass and the indoor side laminated glass by a primary sealing material, and
  • the outdoor laminated glass includes a first chemically strengthened glass plate, a first intermediate film, and a second chemically strengthened glass plate.
  • the indoor side laminated glass includes a glass plate, a second intermediate film, a heat ray reflective sheet, a third intermediate film, a light control sheet,
  • a multilayer glass characterized in that the fourth interlayer film, the fifth interlayer film, and the tempered glass plate surrounding the light sheet are configured as a laminated glass arranged from the outdoor side toward the indoor side.
  • One aspect of the present invention is a form in which a heat ray reflective sheet is used instead of the heat ray reflective film.
  • the glass plate disposed on the outdoor side of the indoor laminated glass is not limited to the non-tempered glass plate and may be a tempered glass plate.
  • the heat ray reflective sheet is interposed between the second intermediate film and the third intermediate film, the heat ray reflective sheet is protected by the second intermediate film and the third intermediate film.
  • the light control sheet is interposed between the third intermediate film and the fifth intermediate film, and the light control sheet is surrounded by the fourth intermediate film at the peripheral portion thereof, the light control sheet is The intermediate film, the fourth intermediate film, and the fifth intermediate film are protected.
  • the second intermediate film, the third intermediate film, and the fourth intermediate film are ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers. .
  • the second intermediate film, the third intermediate film, the fourth intermediate film, and the fifth intermediate film are made of ethylene vinyl acetate.
  • a polymer is preferred.
  • the intermediate film is an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer intermediate film
  • the thermocompression treatment by an autoclave is not required, so that the equipment cost can be reduced.
  • ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer does not contain a plasticizer, problems caused by the plasticizer leaked from the interlayer film, for example, the problem that the plasticizer enters the light control sheet and deteriorates the light control sheet do not do.
  • the first intermediate film is preferably polyvinyl butyral or an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer.
  • the first intermediate film of the outdoor laminated glass not provided with the light control sheet is not limited to the ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, and may be polyvinyl butyral.
  • the first chemically strengthened glass plate and the second chemically strengthened glass plate have a thickness of 1.2 to 1.8 mm.
  • the minimum strength as the outdoor laminated glass can be obtained by setting the thicknesses of the first chemically strengthened glass plate and the second chemically strengthened glass plate to 1.2 mm or more. Moreover, although the thickness of a 1st chemically strengthened glass plate and a 2nd chemically strengthened glass plate may exceed 1.8 mm, in order to attain the weight reduction and thinning of an outdoor laminated glass, excessive thickness is It is not necessary, and sufficient strength can be obtained if the thickness is 1.8 mm or less.
  • the preferable thickness range of the first and second chemically strengthened glass plates is more preferably 1.3 to 1.6 mm from the viewpoint of securing strength and reducing weight.
  • the strength of the outdoor laminated glass composed of two chemically tempered glass plates having a thickness of 1.3 mm and an interlayer film having a thickness of about 0.76 mm is the strength of the non-tempered glass plate having a thickness of 4 mm. It is equivalent. That is, the outdoor laminated glass of the present invention having a thickness of 3.36 mm (thickness of simple calculation) can be used instead of the non-strengthened glass plate having a thickness of 4 mm. Thereby, weight reduction can be achieved, maintaining intensity
  • the glass plate disposed outside the indoor laminated glass described above is a non-tempered glass plate, and the thickness thereof is preferably 0.1 to 2.0 mm.
  • the non-tempered glass plate functions as a protective layer of the light control sheet. For this reason, an excessive thickness is unnecessary, and therefore the lower limit of the thickness is set to 0.1 mm, which can be manufactured.
  • the upper limit of the thickness of the non-tempered glass plate is set to 2.0 mm, the function of improving the strength of the indoor side laminated glass is added to the non-tempered glass plate while reducing the weight of the indoor side laminated glass. be able to.
  • the thickness of the tempered glass plate disposed on the indoor side of the indoor laminated glass described above is preferably 2.0 to 3.0 mm.
  • the tempered glass plate has a thickness of 2.0 mm or more, strength suitable for indoor laminated glass can be obtained. Moreover, since the thickness of the tempered glass plate was 3.0 mm or less, a lightweight indoor glass plate can be obtained.
  • the tempered glass plate may be either chemically tempered or air-cooled tempered.
  • the indoor tempered glass plate of the indoor laminated glass described above is preferably a chemically tempered glass plate. By using a chemically strengthened glass plate, it has sufficient strength and can be made thinner.
  • the indoor side laminated glass of the present invention can obtain the same strength as the conventional indoor side glass plate even if the thickness thereof is reduced as compared with the indoor side glass plate which is a conventional non-tempered glass plate. .
  • the light control element of the light control sheet is preferably a suspended particle device element, an electrochromic element, or a liquid crystal element.
  • the multilayer glass of the present invention it is possible to reduce the weight while maintaining the strength, and to guarantee the performance of the light control sheet over a long period of time.
  • FIG. 2 is an assembled perspective view of a multi-layer glass in which members constituting the multi-layer glass of FIG. The longitudinal cross-sectional view of the multilayer glass which separated and showed each member which comprises the multilayer glass of FIG. Sectional drawing of the multilayer glass of 2nd Embodiment applied to the window glass for rail vehicles.
  • FIG. 5 is an assembled perspective view of a multilayer glass in which members constituting the multilayer glass of FIG. The longitudinal cross-sectional view of the multilayer glass which separated and showed each member which comprises the multilayer glass of FIG.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a multilayer glass 10 according to a first embodiment applied to a window glass for a railway vehicle.
  • FIG. 2 is an assembled perspective view of the multilayer glass 10 in which the members constituting the multilayer glass 10 shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the multi-layer glass 10 in which the members constituting the multi-layer glass 10 are shown separately.
  • the multilayer glass 10 includes a rectangular outdoor laminated glass 12, a rectangular indoor laminated glass 14, and a frame-shaped spacer 16.
  • the outdoor side laminated glass 12 and the indoor side laminated glass 14 have the same surface area and are spaced apart by a spacer 16.
  • Each side surface of the spacer 16 facing the outdoor laminated glass 12 and the indoor laminated glass 14 is bonded to the outdoor laminated glass 12 and the indoor laminated glass 14 by a butyl rubber (primary sealing material) 18.
  • a hollow layer 20 (see FIG. 1) is formed between the outdoor laminated glass 12 and the indoor laminated glass 14.
  • a silicone sealing material (secondary sealing material) 22 is applied to the outer peripheral portion of the butyl rubber 18.
  • the multilayer glass 10 is comprised.
  • the outdoor laminated glass 12 includes a chemically strengthened glass plate (first chemically strengthened glass plate) 24, an intermediate film (first intermediate film) 26, and a chemically strengthened glass plate (second chemically strengthened glass plate) 28. It is comprised as a laminated glass arrange
  • the indoor side laminated glass 14 includes a glass plate 32 (particularly preferably a non-tempered glass plate 32), an intermediate film (second intermediate film) 34, a light control sheet 36, and an intermediate film on which the heat ray reflective film 30 is formed.
  • (Fourth interlayer film) 38 and tempered glass plate 40 are configured as laminated glass in which they are arranged in this order from the outdoor side toward the indoor side.
  • a frame-like intermediate film (third intermediate film) 42 surrounding the light control sheet 36 is interposed between the second intermediate film 34 and the fourth intermediate film 38. This prevents the facet of the light control sheet 36 from being exposed to the outside.
  • a glass plate tempered by air cooling may be used.
  • the chemically strengthened glass plates 24, 28 and 40 are glass plates strengthened by a chemical strengthening method.
  • the chemical strengthening method refers to an alkali metal ion (typically Li ion, Na ion) present on the surface of a glass plate by ion exchange at a temperature lower than the glass transition point and an alkali having a larger ion radius. This is a technique for chemically strengthening a glass plate by exchanging ions (typically, Na ions or K ions for Li ions and K ions for Na ions).
  • the thickness of the chemically strengthened glass plates 24 and 28 is preferably 1.2 to 1.8 mm in order to obtain strength as the outdoor laminated glass 12 and to reduce the weight. Further, the thickness of the chemically strengthened glass plate 40 is preferably 2.0 to 3.0 mm in order to obtain the strength as the indoor laminated glass 14 and to reduce the weight.
  • the interlayer films 26, 34, and 38 that serve as the adhesive layer of the multilayer glass 10 are polyvinyl butyral interlayer films (hereinafter referred to as PVB (Polyvinyl butyral) interlayer films) used in laminated glass, or ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers.
  • PVB Polyvinyl butyral interlayer films
  • An intermediate film hereinafter referred to as EVA (Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate) type intermediate film
  • EVA Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate
  • the intermediate films 34 and 38 contain less plasticizer than the PVB-based intermediate film containing a plasticizer in order to protect the light control sheet 36 having a delicate structure that may be deteriorated in performance by the plasticizer.
  • An EVA-based intermediate film is used.
  • the outdoor laminated glass 12 and the indoor laminated glass are laminated by stacking a plurality of intermediate films having the same thickness or different thicknesses.
  • the thickness of 14 can be easily adjusted.
  • the thickness of the intermediate films 26, 34, and 38 is 0.1 to 1.0 mm.
  • an EVA-based interlayer film having higher water resistance (less affected by water) than the PVB-based interlayer film is preferable.
  • the EVA-based intermediate film is advantageous in terms of production cost because it does not require an autoclave, and has excellent adhesiveness and transparency.
  • the heat ray reflective film 30 includes a transparent heat ray reflective layer that reflects infrared rays (for example, a heat ray reflective layer in which metal layers such as silver, oxide layers and metal layers are alternately laminated, a high refractive index layer, and a low refractive index layer.
  • a transparent heat ray reflective layer that reflects infrared rays
  • metal layers such as silver, oxide layers and metal layers are alternately laminated
  • a high refractive index layer for example, a heat ray reflective layer in which metal layers such as silver, oxide layers and metal layers are alternately laminated
  • a high refractive index layer for example, a high refractive index layer, and a low refractive index layer.
  • a film forming method such as a sputtering method.
  • the heat ray reflective film 30 may be formed on the intermediate film 34 side of the non-reinforced glass plate 32 or may be formed on the hollow layer 20 side. However, since the heat ray reflective film 30 is easily deteriorated by moisture, it is preferable to be formed on the intermediate film 34 side.
  • the infrared reflectivity by the heat ray reflective film 30 is preferably as high as possible, but the normal reflectivity is about 40 to 50%. Even with this degree of reflectance, the temperature rise of the light control sheet 36 due to sunlight can be sufficiently suppressed, and the light control sheet 36 can be protected from the heat of sunlight.
  • the non-tempered glass plate 32 is preferable for the reason described later.
  • the non-tempered glass plate 32 is a normal float glass that is not subjected to a tempering treatment.
  • the thickness of the non-tempered glass plate 32 is preferably 0.1 mm or more from the viewpoint of protecting the light control sheet 36, and preferably 2.0 mm or less from the viewpoint of reducing the weight of the indoor laminated glass 14.
  • the SPD which is one of the light control sheets 36, arranges droplets of several micrometers in which oriented particles are dispersed between two polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films coated with a transparent conductive layer. The particles are oriented by transmitting / stopping electric signals, and the light transmittance is controlled between dark blue and transparent.
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • Examples of the other light control sheet 36 include a known one having an electrochromic element (light control element) between two transparent substrates, and a known one in which a liquid crystal element (light control element) is encapsulated. .
  • the thickness of the light control sheet 36 is 0.2 to 0.8 mm.
  • a plurality of frame-shaped intermediate films 42 are stacked as necessary so as to have the same thickness as that of the light control sheet 36.
  • the method for manufacturing the outdoor laminated glass 12 using a PVB-based intermediate film as the intermediate film 26 is to enclose a laminated body in which a chemically strengthened glass plate 24, an intermediate film 26, and a chemically strengthened glass plate 28 are stacked in a vacuum bag. Preheat at around 130 ° C. Thereafter, the preheated laminate is pressurized while being heated to 100 to 150 ° C. using a known autoclave. Thereby, the outdoor laminated glass 12 using a PVB type
  • the method for manufacturing the outdoor laminated glass 12 using an EVA-based intermediate film as the intermediate film 26 does not require the thermocompression bonding process using the autoclave. That is, it is manufactured by enclosing a laminated body in which the chemically strengthened glass plate 24, the intermediate film 26, and the chemically strengthened glass plate 28 are laminated in a vacuum bag, immersing them in warm water, and heating them.
  • stacked the non-tempered glass board 32, the intermediate film 34, the light control sheet 36, the intermediate film 42, the intermediate film 38, and the chemically strengthened glass board 40 is enclosed in a vacuum bag, is immersed in warm water, and is heated. It is manufactured by.
  • the PVB-based interlayer film has a problem that the equipment cost increases because it requires autoclaving. Moreover, since the plasticizer is contained in PVB, the plasticizer which leaked from the PVB type
  • the EVA-based interlayer film does not require an autoclave treatment, so that the equipment cost can be suppressed, and since it does not contain a plasticizer, there is an advantage that the above problem due to the plasticizer does not occur.
  • an EVA-based intermediate film as the intermediate films 26, 34, 38, 42.
  • the outdoor laminated glass 12 is constituted by the chemically strengthened glass plate 24, the intermediate film 26, and the chemically strengthened glass plate 28. Thereby, compared with the outdoor side glass plate which is the conventional non-tempered glass plate, the outdoor side laminated glass 12 can obtain the same strength as the conventional outdoor side glass plate even if the thickness is reduced.
  • the indoor side laminated glass 14 is constituted by the glass plate 32, the intermediate film 34, the light control sheet 36, the intermediate film 42, the intermediate film 38, and the chemically strengthened glass 40.
  • the indoor side laminated glass 14 can obtain the same strength as the conventional indoor side glass plate even if the thickness is reduced.
  • the glass plate 32 is preferably a non-tempered glass plate 32 for the reasons described below.
  • the multilayer glass 10 of the first embodiment it is possible to reduce the weight while maintaining the strength.
  • the light control sheet 36 is interposed between the intermediate film 34 and the intermediate film 38, the peripheral portion of the light control sheet 36 is surrounded by the intermediate film 42, and the outside thereof is surrounded by the non-tempered glass plate 32 and the tempered glass. It is set as the structure covered with the board 40 (especially the chemically strengthened glass plate 40). Thereby, the light control sheet
  • the performance of the light control sheet 36 can be guaranteed over a long period of time.
  • the glass plate on which the heat ray reflective film 30 is formed is not a chemically strengthened glass plate but a non-tempered glass plate 32 will be described.
  • the heat ray reflective film 30 is affected in the ion exchange treatment step, and the function of the heat ray reflective film 30 may be deteriorated.
  • the heat ray reflective film 30 is formed on the chemically strengthened glass plate, the heat affects the chemically strengthened glass plate during the heat treatment in the forming process, and the strength of the chemically strengthened glass plate decreases (tensile stress of the glass plate). And the compressive stress is relieved).
  • the non-tempered glass plate 32 is used as a glass plate for forming the heat ray reflective film 30.
  • the air-cooled strengthened glass plate 40 can replace with the chemically strengthened glass plate 40, and can also apply the air-cooled strengthened glass plate manufactured by the air-cooling strengthening method.
  • the glass plate to be tempered by air cooling is thicker than the glass plate to be chemically strengthened in manufacturing. For this reason, it becomes difficult to reduce the weight of the multilayer glass.
  • the air-cooled tempered glass plate has a strength three times that of a normal glass plate (float glass), but the chemically tempered glass plate has a strength five times that of the normal glass plate (float glass). It is preferable.
  • the air-cooled tempered glass sheet has a problem that the air spray marks remain on the glass surface, and thus the appearance is poor.
  • the chemically strengthened glass sheet also has an advantage that the mark is good because no such marks remain.
  • the multilayer glass 10 of the present invention is also characterized in that the thickness of the chemically strengthened glass plates 24 and 28 is 1.2 to 1.8 mm.
  • the thickness of the chemically strengthened glass plates 24 and 28 can be set to 1.2 mm or more, the minimum strength as the outdoor laminated glass 12 can be obtained.
  • the thickness of the chemically strengthened glass plates 24 and 28 may exceed 1.8 mm, in order to reduce the weight and thickness of the outdoor laminated glass 12, an excessive thickness is not necessary and 1.8 mm Sufficient strength can be obtained with the following thickness.
  • the preferable thickness range of the chemically strengthened glass plates 24 and 28 is more preferably 1.3 to 1.6 mm from the viewpoint of securing the strength and reducing the weight.
  • the strength of the outdoor laminated glass 12 composed of two chemically strengthened glass plates 24 and 28 having a thickness of 1.3 mm and an intermediate film 26 having a thickness of approximately 0.76 mm is unstrengthened with a thickness of 4 mm. It is equivalent to the strength of the glass plate. That is, instead of the non-strengthened glass plate having a thickness of 4 mm, the outdoor laminated glass 12 having a thickness of 3.36 mm (thickness calculated by simple calculation) can be used. Thereby, weight reduction can be achieved, maintaining intensity
  • the multilayer glass 10 of the present invention is also characterized in that the thickness of the non-tempered glass plate 32 is 0.1 to 2.0 mm.
  • the non-tempered glass plate 32 functions as a protective layer for the light control sheet 36. For this reason, an excessive thickness is unnecessary, and therefore the lower limit of the thickness is set to 0.1 mm, which can be manufactured.
  • the upper limit value of the thickness of the non-tempered glass plate 32 is set to 2.0 mm, the strength of the indoor side laminated glass 14 is improved in the non-tempered glass plate 32 while reducing the weight of the indoor side laminated glass 14. Functions can be added.
  • the multilayer glass 10 of the present invention is also characterized in that the indoor tempered glass plate 40 of the indoor laminated glass 12 has a thickness of 2.0 to 3.0 mm.
  • the thickness of the tempered glass plate 40 particularly preferably the thickness of the chemically tempered glass plate 40 is 2.0 mm or more, the strength suitable for the indoor laminated glass 14 can be obtained. Further, since the thickness of the tempered glass plate 40, particularly preferably the thickness of the chemically tempered glass plate 40, is set to 3.0 mm or less, the lightweight indoor side laminated glass 14 is obtained.
  • Outdoor glass plate Non-tempered glass plate with a thickness of 4 mm
  • -Indoor glass plate Non-tempered glass plate with a thickness of 5 mm
  • -Spacer 9mm thick aluminum
  • -Multi-layer glass Total thickness 18mm
  • -Mass of multilayer glass 14.0 kg (excluding spacers).
  • the weight of the glass plate can be reduced by about 26.5% while maintaining the strength as compared with the conventional multilayer glass. .
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the multilayer glass 50 of the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is an assembled perspective view of the multilayer glass 50 in which the members constituting the multilayer glass 50 shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 6 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the multi-layer glass 50 in which the members constituting the multi-layer glass 50 are shown separately.
  • the same reference numerals are given to the same members and similar members as the multilayer glass 10 of the first embodiment, and the description and effects thereof are omitted. That is, only the differences with respect to the multilayer glass 10 will be described.
  • the multilayer glass 50 is in the point that a heat ray reflective sheet 52 is used instead of the heat ray reflective film 30 of the multilayer glass 10.
  • the indoor side laminated glass 54 of the multilayer glass 50 includes the glass plate 32, the intermediate film (second intermediate film) 56, the heat ray reflective sheet 52, the intermediate film (third intermediate film) 34, the light control sheet 36,
  • the laminated glass is composed of an intermediate film (fourth intermediate film) 42, an intermediate film (fifth intermediate film) 38, and a tempered glass plate 40 (particularly preferably, a chemically strengthened glass plate 40).
  • the intermediate film 56 is also an EVA-based intermediate film.
  • the glass plate 32 may be a non-tempered glass plate or a tempered glass plate (in particular, A chemically strengthened glass plate may be used from the standpoint of reducing the plate thickness.
  • the heat ray reflective sheet 52 is interposed between the intermediate film 56 and the intermediate film 34, the heat ray reflective sheet 52 is protected by the intermediate film 56 and the intermediate film 34. Further, since the light control sheet 36 is interposed between the intermediate film 34 and the intermediate film 38, the light control sheet 36 is protected by the intermediate film 34 and the intermediate film 38.
  • Heat ray reflective sheet 52 examples include a sheet in which a transparent heat ray reflective layer (for example, a metal layer such as silver) that reflects infrared rays is formed on the surface of a transparent sheet such as PET, but is not limited thereto. is not.
  • a transparent heat ray reflective layer for example, a metal layer such as silver
  • the heat ray reflective sheet 52 can be applied as long as it has a function of reflecting the infrared rays of sunlight and suppressing the temperature rise of the light control sheet 36.
  • a heat ray reflective layer is formed by alternately laminating oxide layers and metal layers on the surface of a transparent sheet, and a heat ray reflective layer is formed by alternately laminating high refractive index layers and low refractive index layers. It can also be illustrated.
  • the thickness of the heat ray reflective sheet 52 is 0.01 to 0.15 mm.
  • the mass of the multilayer glass 50 of the second embodiment is also substantially equal to the mass of the multilayer glass 10 of the first embodiment. Therefore, according to the multilayer glass 50, weight reduction was able to be achieved, maintaining intensity
  • the multilayer glass 10 applied to the window glass for railway vehicles was illustrated as a multilayer glass of this invention, it is not limited to this.
  • the multilayer glass of the present invention can also be applied to a multilayer glass applied as a window glass for buildings, aircraft, ships, and the like.
  • the entire contents of the specification, claims, drawings and abstract of Japanese Patent Application No. 2013-162629 filed on Aug. 5, 2013 are incorporated herein as the disclosure of the present invention. .

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Abstract

　強度を保持しつつ軽量化を図ることができ、かつ調光シートの性能を長期間にわたって保証できる調光機能を備えた複層ガラスを提供する。　本発明の複層ガラス１０を室外側合わせガラス１２及び室内側合わせガラス１４によって構成した。そして、室外側合わせガラス１２を、第１の化学強化ガラス板２４、第１の中間膜２６、及び第２の化学強化ガラス板２８からなる合わせガラスとして構成した。そして、室内側合わせガラス１４を、ガラス板３２、第２の中間膜３４、調光シート３６、中間膜４２、第３の中間膜３８、及び強化ガラス４０からなる合わせガラスとして構成した。

Description

複層ガラス
　本発明は、調光機能を備えた複層ガラスに関する。
　鉄道車両用の窓ガラスは、遮音性、断熱性、及び安全性を高めるために、一般的に複層ガラスが使用されている（特許文献１等参照）。この複層ガラスは、室外側ガラス板と室内側ガラス板とがスペーサを介して隔置され、周縁部がシーリング材によって封止されることにより構成されている。
　また、特許文献１の複層ガラスによれば、室外側ガラス板及び室内側ガラス板として、厚さが５ｍｍの非強化ガラス板（フロートガラス）が使用されている。これによって、複層ガラスの強度が、鉄道車両用の窓ガラスに適した強度に設定されている。
　一方、特許文献１の複層ガラスの室外側ガラス板には、自己調光膜が備えられている。この自己調光膜は、室外側ガラス板の２面のうち、室内側ガラス板に対向する面にスパッタリング法によって成膜されている。この自己調光膜によれば、室外からの光の強度が低いときは、可視光の透過率を７０～９０％にする機能、及び室外からの光の強度が高いときは、可視光の透過率を５０～７０％にする機能を備えている。
特開２００４－１７５６２２号公報
　ところで、特許文献１の複層ガラスは、鉄道車両用の窓ガラスに適した強度を付与するために、厚さが５ｍｍの２枚の非強化ガラス板を使用している。これにより、特許文献１の複層ガラスは重くなるという問題があった。
　ここで、ガラスの強度とは、外力による衝撃を受けたときの破壊に対する抵抗性を意味し、その強度は「JIS R 1601　ファインセラミックスの曲げ強さ試験方法」に準じた、３点曲げ試験、又は４点曲げ試験によって測定できる。
　また、特許文献１の複層ガラスは、室外側ガラス板を透過した太陽光が自己調光膜に直接入射するため、自己調光膜が太陽光の熱によって昇温するという問題があった。特に、盛夏時においては、室外側ガラス板の温度が８０～１００度近くまで昇温し、この状態で長時間放置しておくと、自己調光膜の性能が低下するという問題があった。
　自己調光膜ではないが、電圧印加によって光透過率を変化させる調光シート、例えば懸濁粒子デバイス（以下、ＳＰＤ（Suspended Particle Device）という。）では、ＳＰＤの耐久上限温度が９０～１００度程度であるため、性能が早期に低下するおそれがあった。
　本発明は、このような事情に鑑みてなされたもので、強度を保持しつつ軽量化を図ることができ、かつ調光シートの性能を長期間にわたって保証できる調光機能を備えた複層ガラスを提供することを目的とする。
　本発明の一態様（本発明の第１の実施形態）は、前記目的を達成するために、室外側に配置される室外側合わせガラスと室内側に配置される室内側合わせガラスとがスペーサを介して隔置され、かつ前記室外側合わせガラスと前記室内側合わせガラスとに対向する前記スペーサの各側面が一次シール材によって前記室外側合わせガラスと前記室内側合わせガラスとに接合され、かつ前記一次シール材の外側に二次シール材が塗布された複層ガラスにおいて、前記室外側合わせガラスは、第１の化学強化ガラス板、第１の中間膜、及び第２の化学強化ガラス板が室外側から室内側に向けて配置されてなる合わせガラスとして構成され、前記室内側合わせガラスは、熱線反射膜がその表面に形成されたガラス板、第２の中間膜、調光シート、前記調光シートを包囲する第３の中間膜、第４の中間膜、及び強化ガラス板が室外側から室内側に向けて配置されてなる合わせガラスとして構成されていることを特徴とする複層ガラスを提供する。
　本発明の一態様によれば、第１の化学強化ガラス板、第１の中間膜、及び第２の化学強化ガラス板によって室外側合わせガラスが構成されている。これにより、本発明の室外側合わせガラスは、従来の非強化ガラス板である室外側ガラス板と比較して、その厚さを薄くしても従来の室外側ガラス板と同等の強度が得られる。
　また、非強化ガラス板、第２の中間膜、調光シート、第３の中間膜、第４の中間膜、及び強化ガラス板によって室内側合わせガラスが構成されている。これにより、本発明の室内側合わせガラスは、従来の非強化ガラス板である室内側ガラス板と比較して、その厚さを薄くしても従来の室内側ガラス板と同等の強度が得られる。
　したがって、本発明の一態様によれば、強度を保持しつつ軽量化を図ることができる。
　また、本発明の一態様によれば、第２の中間膜と第４の中間膜との間に調光シートを介在させ、かつ調光シートをその周縁部において第３の中間膜で包囲し、かつその外側をガラス板と強化ガラス板とによって覆う構成としたので、デリケートな構造の調光シートを確実に保護できる。また、ガラス板に熱線反射膜が形成されているので、太陽光の熱から調光シートを保護できる。
　したがって、本発明の一態様によれば、調光シートの性能を長期間にわたって保証できる。なお、前記した室内側合わせガラスにおいて室外側に配置されるガラス板（熱線反射膜が形成されるガラス板）は、非強化ガラス板であることが好ましい。
　本発明の一態様（本発明の第２の実施形態）は、前記目的を達成するために、室外側に配置される室外側合わせガラスと室内側に配置される室内側合わせガラスとがスペーサを介して隔置され、かつ前記室外側合わせガラスと前記室内側合わせガラスとに対向する前記スペーサの各側面が一次シール材によって前記室外側合わせガラスと前記室内側合わせガラスとに接合され、かつ前記一次シール材の外側に二次シール材が塗布された複層ガラスにおいて、前記室外側合わせガラスは、第１の化学強化ガラス板、第１の中間膜、及び第２の化学強化ガラス板が室外側から室内側に向けて配置されてなる合わせガラスとして構成され、前記室内側合わせガラスは、ガラス板、第２の中間膜、熱線反射シート、第３の中間膜、調光シート、前記調光シートを包囲する第４の中間膜、第５の中間膜、及び強化ガラス板が室外側から室内側に向けて配置されてなる合わせガラスとして構成されていることを特徴とする複層ガラスを提供する。
　この本発明の一態様は、熱線反射膜に代えて熱線反射シートを使用した形態である。この場合には、室内側合わせガラスのうち室外側に配置されるガラス板は、非強化ガラス板に限定されず強化ガラス板でもよい。また、第２の中間膜と第３の中間膜との間に熱線反射シートが介在されるので、熱線反射シートが第２の中間膜と第３の中間膜とによって保護される。更に、第３の中間膜と第５の中間膜との間に調光シートが介在され、かつ調光シートがその周縁部において第４の中間膜によって包囲されるので、調光シートが第３の中間膜、第４の中間膜、及び第５の中間膜によって保護される。
　本発明の一態様である前者の複層ガラスの態様において、前記第２の中間膜、前記第３の中間膜、及び前記第４の中間膜が、エチレン酢酸ビニル共重合体であることが好ましい。
　本発明の一態様である後者の複層ガラスの態様において、前記第２の中間膜、前記第３の中間膜、前記第４の中間膜、及び前記第５の中間膜が、エチレン酢酸ビニル共重合体であることが好ましい。
　本発明の一態様において、中間膜がエチレン酢酸ビニル共重合体の中間膜であれば、オートクレーブによる加熱圧着処理が不要なので、設備コストを抑えることができる。また、エチレン酢酸ビニル共重合体は可塑剤を含まないため、中間膜から漏出した可塑剤に起因する問題、例えば、調光シートに可塑剤が浸入して調光シートを劣化させるという問題は発生しない。
　本発明の一態様において、前記第１の中間膜が、ポリビニルブチラール又はエチレン酢酸ビニル共重合体であることが好ましい。
　本発明の一態様によれば、調光シートを備えていない室外側合わせガラスの第１の中間膜は、エチレン酢酸ビニル共重合体に限らず、ポリビニルブチラールであってもよい。
　本発明の一態様において、前記第１の化学強化ガラス板及び前記第２の化学強化ガラス板の厚さが、１．２～１．８ｍｍであることが好ましい。
　本発明の一態様によれば、第１の化学強化ガラス板及び第２の化学強化ガラス板の厚さを１．２ｍｍ以上とすることによって、室外側合わせガラスとしての最低限の強度が得られる。また、第１の化学強化ガラス板及び第２の化学強化ガラス板の厚さは１．８ｍｍを超えてもよいが、室外側合わせガラスの軽量化及び薄肉化を図るため、過度の厚さは不要であり、１．８ｍｍ以下の厚さであれば十分な強度が得られる。
　第１及び第２の化学強化ガラス板の好ましい厚さの範囲は、強度の確保及び軽量化の観点から１．３～１．６ｍｍがより好ましい。例えば、厚さが１．３ｍｍの２枚の化学強化ガラス板と厚さが約０．７６ｍｍの中間膜とからなる室外側合わせガラスの強度は、厚さが４ｍｍの非強化ガラス板の強度と同等である。つまり、厚さ４ｍｍの非強化ガラス板に代えて、厚さが３．３６ｍｍ（単純計算の厚さ）の本発明の室外側合わせガラスを使用できる。これにより、強度を保持しつつ軽量化を図ることができる。
　本発明の一態様において、前記した室内側合わせガラスのうち室外側に配置されるガラス板は、非強化ガラス板であり、その厚さは、０．１～２．０ｍｍであることが好ましい。
　本発明の一態様によれば、当該非強化ガラス板は、調光シートの保護層として機能する。このため、過度な厚さは不要であり、よって、厚さの下限値は製造可能である０．１ｍｍとしている。一方、非強化ガラス板の厚さの上限値を２．０ｍｍとすることにより、室内側合わせガラスの軽量化を図りつつ、非強化ガラス板に室内側合わせガラスの強度を向上させる機能を付加させることができる。
　本発明の一態様において、前記した室内側合わせガラスのうち室内側に配置される強化ガラス板の厚さは、２．０～３．０ｍｍであることが好ましい。
　本発明の一態様によれば、当該強化ガラス板の厚さが２．０ｍｍ以上なので、室内側合わせガラスに適した強度が得られる。また、強化ガラス板の厚さを３．０ｍｍ以下としたので、軽量な室内側ガラス板が得られる。なお、強化ガラス板は、化学強化されたものでも、風冷強化されたものであってもよい。
　本発明の一態様において、前記した室内側合わせガラスの室内側の強化ガラス板は、化学強化ガラス板であることが好ましい。化学強化ガラス板を用いることにより、充分な強度を持ち、かつより板厚を薄くできる。
　これにより、本発明の室内側合わせガラスは、従来の非強化ガラス板である室内側ガラス板と比較して、その厚さを薄くしても従来の室内側ガラス板と同等の強度が得られる。
　本発明の一態様において、前記調光シートの調光素子は、懸濁粒子デバイス素子、エレクトロクロミック素子、又は液晶素子であることが好ましい。
　以上説明したように本発明の複層ガラスによれば、強度を保持しつつ軽量化を図ることができ、かつ調光シートの性能を長期間にわたって保証できる。
鉄道車両用の窓ガラスに適用された第１の実施形態の複層ガラスの断面図。 図１の複層ガラスを構成する各部材を離間して示した複層ガラスの組立斜視図。 図１の複層ガラスを構成する各部材を離間して示した複層ガラスの縦断面図。 鉄道車両用の窓ガラスに適用された第２の実施形態の複層ガラスの断面図。 図４の複層ガラスを構成する各部材を離間して示した複層ガラスの組立斜視図。 図４の複層ガラスを構成する各部材を離間して示した複層ガラスの縦断面図。
　以下、添付図面に従って本発明に係る複層ガラスの好ましい実施形態について説明する。
　図１は、鉄道車両用の窓ガラスに適用された第１の実施形態の複層ガラス１０の断面図である。図２は、図１に示した複層ガラス１０を構成する各部材を離間して示した複層ガラス１０の組み立て斜視図である。図３は、複層ガラス１０を構成する各部材を離間して示した複層ガラス１０の縦断面図である。
　まず、第１の実施形態の複層ガラス１０の基本構成について説明する。
　《第１の実施形態の複層ガラス１０の基本構成》
　複層ガラス１０は、矩形状の室外側合わせガラス１２、矩形状の室内側合わせガラス１４、及び枠状のスペーサ１６を備える。室外側合わせガラス１２及び室内側合わせガラス１４は、表面積が等しく、かつスペーサ１６を介して隔置される。また、室外側合わせガラス１２と室内側合わせガラス１４とに対向するスペーサ１６の各側面が、ブチルゴム（一次シール材）１８によって室外側合わせガラス１２と室内側合わせガラス１４とに接合される。これにより、室外側合わせガラス１２と室内側合わせガラス１４との間に中空層２０（図１参照）が形成される。そして、ブチルゴム１８の外周部にシリコーンシーリング材（二次シール材）２２が塗布される。これによって、複層ガラス１０が構成される。
　〔室外側合わせガラス１２〕
　室外側合わせガラス１２は、化学強化ガラス板（第１の化学強化ガラス板）２４、中間膜（第１の中間膜）２６、及び化学強化ガラス板（第２の化学強化ガラス板）２８が室外側から室内側に向けてこの順番で配置されてなる合わせガラスとして構成される。
　〔室内側合わせガラス１４〕
　室内側合わせガラス１４は、熱線反射膜３０がその表面に形成されたガラス板３２（特に好ましくは非強化ガラス板３２）、中間膜（第２の中間膜）３４、調光シート３６、中間膜（第４の中間膜）３８、及び強化ガラス板４０（特に好ましくは化学強化ガラス板４０）が室外側から室内側に向けてこの順番で配置されてなる合わせガラスとして構成される。また、調光シート３６を包囲する枠状の中間膜（第３の中間膜）４２が、第２の中間膜３４と第４の中間膜３８との間に介在されている。これにより、調光シート３６の小口面が外部に露出することを防止している。なお、化学強化ガラス板４０に代えて、風冷強化されたガラス板を使用してもよい。
　<化学強化ガラス板２４、２８、４０>
　化学強化ガラス板２４、２８、４０は、化学強化法によって強化されたガラス板である。化学強化法とは、ガラス転移点以下の温度で、イオン交換により、ガラス板表面に存在するイオン半径が小さいアルカリ金属イオン（典型的にはＬｉイオン、Ｎａイオン）を、イオン半径のより大きいアルカリイオン（典型的にはＬｉイオンに対してはＮａイオン又はＫイオンであり、Ｎａイオンに対してはＫイオンである。）に交換することによって、ガラス板を化学的に強化する手法である。
　化学強化ガラス板２４、２８の厚さは、室外側合わせガラス１２としての強度を得るため、かつ軽量化のために、１．２～１．８ｍｍが好ましい。また、化学強化ガラス板４０の厚さは、室内側合わせガラス１４としての強度を得るため、かつ軽量化のために、２．０～３．０ｍｍが好ましい。
　<中間膜２６、３４、３８>
　複層ガラス１０の接着層となる中間膜２６、３４、３８としては、合わせガラスに使われるポリビニルブチラールの中間膜（以下、ＰＶＢ(Polyvinyl butyral)系中間膜という）、又はエチレン酢酸ビニル共重合体の中間膜（以下、ＥＶＡ(Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate)系中間膜という。）を使用できる。
　しかしながら、中間膜３４、３８は、可塑剤によってその性能が劣化するおそれのある、デリケートな構造の調光シート３６を保護するため、可塑剤を含むＰＶＢ系中間膜よりも、可塑剤を含まないＥＶＡ系中間膜が使用される。
　中間膜２６、３４、３８は、各種厚さのものが市販されているため、厚さが同一又は厚さが異なる複数枚の中間膜を重ねることによって、室外側合わせガラス１２及び室内側合わせガラス１４の厚さを容易に調整できる。一例として、中間膜２６、３４、３８の厚さは、０．１～１．０ｍｍである。
　なお、複層ガラス１０の小口が露出する場合は、ＰＶＢ系中間膜よりも耐水性の高い（水の影響が少ない）ＥＶＡ系中間膜が好ましい。ＥＶＡ系中間膜は、オートクレーブが不要である点で製造コスト的に有利であり、優れた接着性、透明性を有する。
　<熱線反射膜３０>
　熱線反射膜３０は、赤外線を反射する透明の熱線反射層（例えば、銀等の金属層、酸化物層と金属層とを交互に積層した熱線反射層、高屈折率層と低屈折率層とを交互に積層した熱線反射層）であり、非強化ガラス板３２の室内側面に、例えばスパッタリング法等の成膜法によって形成されている。
　熱線反射膜３０は、非強化ガラス板３２の中間膜３４側に形成されても、中空層２０側に形成されても良い。ただし、熱線反射膜３０は、水分により劣化しやすいため、中間膜３４側に形成されることが好ましい。
　熱線反射膜３０による赤外線の反射率は、高ければ高いほど好ましいが、通常の反射率は４０～５０％程度である。この程度の反射率であっても、調光シート３６の太陽光による昇温を十分に抑制でき、調光シート３６を太陽光の熱から保護できる。
　<ガラス板３２>
　ガラス板３２としては、後述する理由により、非強化ガラス板３２が好ましい。非強化ガラス板３２とは、強化処理が施されていない通常のフロートガラスである。
　非強化ガラス板３２の厚さは、調光シート３６を保護する観点から０．１ｍｍ以上が好ましく、室内側合わせガラス１４の軽量化を図る観点から２．０ｍｍ以下が好ましい。
　<調光シート３６>
　調光シート３６としては、多種多用のものが使用可能である。調光シート３６の一つであるＳＰＤは、透明導電層をコーティングした２枚のポリエチレンテレフタレート（ＰＥＴ：Polyethylene Terephthalate）フィルムの間に、配向粒子を分散させた数マイクロメータの液滴を配置し、電気信号の発信／停止によって粒子を配向させ、濃青色と透明との間で光の透過率を制御するものである。
　また、他の調光シート３６として、２枚の透明基板の間に、エレクトロクロミック素子（調光素子）を備えた公知のもの、液晶素子（調光素子）を封入した公知のものも例示できる。一例として調光シート３６の厚さは、０．２～０．８ｍｍである。枠状の中間膜４２は、調光シート３６の厚さと同厚となるように、必要に応じて複数枚重ね合されている。
　〔複層ガラス１０の製造方法〕
　<室外側合わせガラス１２の製造方法>
　中間膜２６としてＰＶＢ系中間膜を使用した室外側合わせガラス１２の製造方法は、化学強化ガラス板２４、中間膜２６、及び化学強化ガラス板２８を積層した積層体を、真空バッグ内に封入し、１３０℃前後で予備加熱する。この後、予備加熱された前記積層体を、周知のオートクレーブを用いて１００～１５０℃に加熱しながら加圧する。これによって、ＰＶＢ系中間膜を使用した室外側合わせガラス１２が製造される。
　一方、中間膜２６としてＥＶＡ系中間膜を使用した室外側合わせガラス１２の製造方法は、前記オートクレーブによる加熱圧着処理が不要である。すなわち、化学強化ガラス板２４、中間膜２６、及び化学強化ガラス板２８を積層した積層体を真空バッグ内に封入し、温水中に浸漬して加熱することにより製造される。
　<室内側合わせガラス１４の製造方法>
　非強化ガラス板３２、中間膜３４、調光シート３６、中間膜４２、中間膜３８、及び化学強化ガラス板４０を積層した積層体を真空バッグ内に封入し、温水中に浸漬して加熱することにより製造される。
　ＰＶＢ系中間膜は、オートクレーブ処理が必要であることから、設備コストが増大するという問題がある。また、ＰＶＢには可塑剤が含まれているため、ＰＶＢ系中間膜から漏出した可塑剤が、調光シート３６の調光層（調光素子）に浸入して調光層内部を劣化させる問題がある。
　これに対して、ＥＶＡ系中間膜は、オートクレーブ処理が不要なので設備コストを抑えることができ、また、可塑剤を含まないため、可塑剤による前記問題も発生しないという利点がある。以上の理由から、中間膜２６、３４、３８、４２として、ＥＶＡ系中間膜が使用されるのが好ましい。
　次に、本発明の第１の実施形態の複層ガラス１０の特徴について説明する。
　《複層ガラス１０の特徴》
　まず、化学強化ガラス板２４、中間膜２６、及び化学強化ガラス板２８によって室外側合わせガラス１２を構成した点にある。これにより、室外側合わせガラス１２は、従来の非強化ガラス板である室外側ガラス板と比較して、その厚さを薄くしても従来の室外側ガラス板と同等の強度が得られる。
　次に、ガラス板３２、中間膜３４、調光シート３６、中間膜４２、中間膜３８、及び化学強化ガラス４０によって室内側合わせガラス１４を構成した点にある。これにより、室内側合わせガラス１４は、従来の非強化ガラス板である室内側ガラス板と比較して、その厚さを薄くしても従来の室内側ガラス板と同等の強度が得られる。なお、ガラス板３２は、下記した理由から非強化ガラス板３２が好ましい。
　したがって、第１の実施形態の複層ガラス１０によれば、強度を保持しつつ軽量化を図ることができる。
　また、中間膜３４と中間膜３８との間に調光シート３６を介在させ、かつ、調光シート３６の周縁部を中間膜４２によって包囲し、かつその外側を非強化ガラス板３２と強化ガラス板４０（特には、化学強化ガラス板４０）とによって覆う構成としている。これにより、デリケートな構造の調光シート３６を外力から確実に保護できる。また、非強化ガラス板３２に熱線反射膜３０が形成されているので、太陽光の熱から調光シート３６を保護できる。
　したがって、第１の実施形態の複層ガラス１０によれば、調光シート３６の性能を長期間にわたって保証できる。
　ここで、熱線反射膜３０が形成されるガラス板を、化学強化ガラス板ではなく非強化ガラス板３２とした理由について説明する。
　化学強化前のガラス板に熱線反射膜を形成し、その後、ガラス板を化学強化した場合、イオン交換処理工程で熱線反射膜３０に影響を与え、熱線反射膜３０の機能が低下する場合がある。一方、化学強化ガラス板に熱線反射膜３０を形成した場合、形成工程での加熱処理時に、その熱が化学強化ガラス板に影響を与え、化学強化ガラス板の強度が低下（ガラス板の引っ張り応力と圧縮応力とが緩和）するという問題がある。このような理由によって、熱線反射膜３０を形成するガラス板として非強化ガラス板３２が使用されている。
　なお、化学強化ガラス板４０に代えて、風冷強化法によって製造された風冷強化ガラス板でも適用できる。しかしながら、風冷強化対象のガラス板は、製造上において、化学強化対象のガラス板よりも厚さが厚いことが前提となる。このため、複層ガラスの軽量化を図ることが困難になる。また、風冷強化ガラス板は、通常のガラス板（フロートガラス）と比較して３倍の強度があるが、化学強化ガラス板は、５倍の強度があるので、化学強化ガラス板を使用することが好ましい。更に、風冷強化ガラス板は、そのガラス面にエア吹き付け痕が残るため見栄えが悪くなる問題があるが、化学強化ガラス板は、そのような痕は残らないので見栄えがよいという利点もある。
　次に、化学強化ガラス板２４、２８の厚さを、１．２～１．８ｍｍとした点にも本発明の複層ガラス１０の特徴がある。
　すなわち、化学強化ガラス板２４、２８の厚さを１．２ｍｍ以上とすることによって、室外側合わせガラス１２としての最低限の強度が得られる。また、化学強化ガラス板２４、２８の厚さは１．８ｍｍを超えてもよいが、室外側合わせガラス１２の軽量化及び薄肉化を図るため、過度の厚さは不要であり、１．８ｍｍ以下の厚さであれば十分な強度が得られる。
　化学強化ガラス板２４、２８の好ましい厚さの範囲は、強度の確保及び軽量化の観点から１．３～１．６ｍｍがより好ましい。例えば、厚さが１．３ｍｍの２枚の化学強化ガラス板２４、２８と厚さが約０．７６ｍｍの中間膜２６とからなる室外側合わせガラス１２の強度は、厚さが４ｍｍの非強化ガラス板の強度と同等である。つまり、厚さ４ｍｍの非強化ガラス板に代えて、厚さが３．３６ｍｍ（単純計算の厚さ）の室外側合わせガラス１２を使用できる。これにより、強度を保持しつつ軽量化を図ることができる。なお、中間膜２６の質量比は、ガラスに対して約１０％であるので、中間膜２６の存在が軽量化を阻害することはない。
　次に、非強化ガラス板３２の厚さを、０．１～２．０ｍｍとした点にも本発明の複層ガラス１０の特徴がある。
　非強化ガラス板３２は、調光シート３６の保護層として機能する。このため、過度な厚さは不要であり、よって、厚さの下限値は製造可能である０．１ｍｍとした。一方、非強化ガラス板３２の厚さの上限値を２．０ｍｍとすることにより、室内側合わせガラス１４の軽量化を図りつつ、非強化ガラス板３２に室内側合わせガラス１４の強度を向上させる機能を付加させることができる。
　次に、室内側合わせガラス１２の室内側の強化ガラス板４０の厚さを、２．０～３．０ｍｍとした点にも本発明の複層ガラス１０の特徴がある。
　強化ガラス板４０の厚さ、特に好ましくは化学強化ガラス板４０の厚さが２．０ｍｍ以上なので、室内側合わせガラス１４に適した強度が得られる。また、強化ガラス板４０の厚さ、特に好ましくは化学強化ガラス板４０の厚さを３．０ｍｍ以下としたので、軽量な室内側合わせガラス１４が得られる。
　〔質量比較〕
　強度及び表面積（０．５ｍ２）の等しい従来の比較例品及び実施例品を製作し、その質量を比較した。
　<比較例品>
　・室外側ガラス板　　　　　：厚さ４ｍｍの非強化ガラス板、
　・室内側ガラス板　　　　　：厚さ５ｍｍの非強化ガラス板、
　・スペーサ　　　　　　　　：厚さ９ｍｍのアルミニウム製、
　・複層ガラス　　　　　　　：総厚１８ｍｍ、
　・複層ガラスの質量　　　　：１４．０ｋｇ（スペーサを除く）。
　<第１の実施形態の複層ガラスの実施例品>
　・室外側合わせガラス１２　：厚さ１．３ｍｍの化学強化ガラス板２４、厚さ０．７６の中間膜２６、厚さ１．３ｍｍの化学強化ガラス板２８、
　・室内側合わせガラス１４　：厚さ１．６ｍｍの非強化ガラス板３２、厚さ０．４ｍｍの中間膜３４、厚さ０．４ｍｍの調光シート、厚さ０．４ｍｍの中間膜３８、厚さ２．５ｍｍの化学強化ガラス板４０、
　・スペーサ１６　　　　　　：厚さ９ｍｍのアルミニウム製、
　・複層ガラス　　　　　　　：総厚１７．７ｍｍ、
　・複層ガラス１０の質量：１０．３ｋｇ（スペーサ１６を除く）。
　以上の如く、実施形態の複層ガラス１０によれば、従来の複層ガラスと比較して、強度を保持しつつ、ガラス板の質量として約２６．５％の軽量化を図ることができた。
　《第２の実施形態の複層ガラス５０の構成》
　図４は、第２の実施形態の複層ガラス５０の断面図である。図５は、図４に示した複層ガラス５０を構成する各部材を離間して示した複層ガラス５０の組み立て斜視図である。図６は、複層ガラス５０を構成する各部材を離間して示した複層ガラス５０の縦断面図である。
　なお、第２の実施形態の複層ガラス１０を説明するにあたり、第１の実施形態の複層ガラス１０と同一部材及び類似部材については同一の符号を付し、その説明及び効果は省略する。すなわち、複層ガラス１０に対して相違点のみ説明する。
　複層ガラス５０は、複層ガラス１０の熱線反射膜３０に代えて熱線反射シート５２を使用した点にある。
　つまり、複層ガラス５０の室内側合わせガラス５４は、ガラス板３２、中間膜（第２の中間膜）５６、熱線反射シート５２、中間膜（第３の中間膜）３４、調光シート３６、中間膜（第４の中間膜）４２、中間膜（第５の中間膜）３８、及び強化ガラス板４０（特に好ましくは、化学強化ガラス板４０）からなる合わせガラスとして構成される。なお、中間膜５６も、ＥＶＡ系中間膜である。
　第２の実施形態の複層ガラス５０の場合、ガラス板３２には熱線反射膜が形成されないので、ガラス板３２としては、非強化ガラス板であってもよく、また強化ガラス板（特には、板厚をより薄くできる点から化学強化ガラス板）であってもよい。
　室内側合わせガラス５４によれば、中間膜５６と中間膜３４との間に熱線反射シート５２が介在されるので、熱線反射シート５２が中間膜５６と中間膜３４とによって保護される。また、中間膜３４と中間膜３８との間に調光シート３６が介在されるので、調光シート３６が中間膜３４と中間膜３８とによって保護される。
　<熱線反射シート５２>
　熱線反射シート５２としては、ＰＥＴ等の透明シートの表面に、赤外線を反射する透明の熱線反射層（例えば、銀等の金属層）が形成されたシートを例示できるが、これに限定されるものではない。
　すなわち、熱線反射シート５２は、太陽光線の赤外線を反射して、調光シート３６の昇温を抑制する機能を備えたものであれば適用できる。例えば、透明シートの表面に、酸化物層と金属層とを交互に積層して熱線反射層を形成したもの、高屈折率層と低屈折率層とを交互に積層して熱線反射層を形成したものも例示できる。
　また、前記熱線反射層による赤外線の反射率は、高ければ高いほど好ましいが、通常の熱線反射率は４０～５０％程度である。この程度の熱線反射率であっても、調光シート３６の昇温を十分に抑制できる。一例として熱線反射シート５２の厚さは、０．０１～０．１５ｍｍである。
　第２の実施形態の複層ガラス５０の質量も、第１の実施形態の複層ガラス１０の質量と略等しい。よって、複層ガラス５０によれば、従来例品と比較して強度を保持しつつ軽量化を図ることができた。
　上記実施の形態では、本発明の複層ガラスとして、鉄道車両用の窓ガラスに適用された複層ガラス１０を例示したが、これに限定されるものではない。例えば、本発明の複層ガラスは、建築物の窓ガラス、航空機、船舶等の窓ガラスとして適用される複層ガラスにも適用することができる。
　なお、２０１３年８月５日に出願された日本特許出願２０１３－１６２６２９号の明細書、特許請求の範囲、図面および要約書の全内容をここに引用し、本発明の開示として取り入れるものである。
　１０…複層ガラス、１２…室外側合わせガラス、１４…室内側合わせガラス、１６…スペーサ、１８…一次シール材、２０…中空層、２２…二次シール材、２４…第１の化学強化ガラス板、２６…第１の中間膜、２８…第２の化学強化ガラス板、３０…熱線反射膜、３２…ガラス板、３４…第２の中間膜、３６…調光シート、３８…第４の中間膜、４０…強化ガラス板、４２…第３の中間膜、５０…複層ガラス、５２…熱線反射シート、５４…室内側合わせガラス、５６…中間膜

Claims (10)

  1. 　室外側に配置される室外側合わせガラスと室内側に配置される室内側合わせガラスとがスペーサを介して隔置され、かつ前記室外側合わせガラスと前記室内側合わせガラスとに対向する前記スペーサの各側面が一次シール材によって前記室外側合わせガラスと前記室内側合わせガラスとに接合され、かつ前記一次シール材の外側に二次シール材が塗布された複層ガラスにおいて、
    　前記室外側合わせガラスは、第１の化学強化ガラス板、第１の中間膜、及び第２の化学強化ガラス板が室外側から室内側に向けて配置されてなる合わせガラスとして構成され、
    　前記室内側合わせガラスは、熱線反射膜がその表面に形成されたガラス板、第２の中間膜、調光シート、前記調光シートを包囲する第３の中間膜、第４の中間膜、及び強化ガラス板が室外側から室内側に向けて配置されてなる合わせガラスとして構成されていることを特徴とする複層ガラス。
  2. 　室外側に配置される室外側合わせガラスと室内側に配置される室内側合わせガラスとがスペーサを介して隔置され、かつ前記室外側合わせガラスと前記室内側合わせガラスとに対向する前記スペーサの各側面が一次シール材によって前記室外側合わせガラスと前記室内側合わせガラスとに接合され、かつ前記一次シール材の外側に二次シール材が塗布された複層ガラスにおいて、
    　前記室外側合わせガラスは、第１の化学強化ガラス板、第１の中間膜、及び第２の化学強化ガラス板が室外側から室内側に向けて配置されてなる合わせガラスとして構成され、
    　前記室内側合わせガラスは、ガラス板、第２の中間膜、熱線反射シート、第３の中間膜、調光シート、前記調光シートを包囲する枠状の第４の中間膜、第５の中間膜、及び強化ガラス板が室外側から室内側に向けて配置されてなる合わせガラスとして構成されていることを特徴とする複層ガラス。
  3. 　前記第２の中間膜、前記第３の中間膜、及び前記第４の中間膜が、エチレン酢酸ビニル共重合体である請求項１に記載の複層ガラス。
  4. 　前記第２の中間膜、前記第３の中間膜、前記第４の中間膜、及び前記第５の中間膜が、エチレン酢酸ビニル共重合体である請求項２に記載の複層ガラス。
  5. 　前記第１の中間膜が、ポリビニルブチラール又はエチレン酢酸ビニル共重合体である請求項１～４のいずれか１項に記載の複層ガラス。
  6. 　前記第１の化学強化ガラス板及び前記第２の化学強化ガラス板の厚さが、１．２～１．８ｍｍである請求項１～５のいずれか１項に記載の複層ガラス。
  7. 　前記した室内側合わせガラスの室外側の前記ガラス板は、非強化ガラス板であり、その厚さが、０．１～２．０ｍｍである請求項１～６のいずれか１項に記載の複層ガラス。
  8. 　前記した室内側合わせガラスの室内側の前記強化ガラス板の厚さが、２．０～３．０ｍｍである請求項１～７のいずれか１項に記載の複層ガラス。
  9. 　前記した室内側合わせガラスの室内側の前記強化ガラス板は、化学強化ガラス板である請求項１～８のいずれか１項に記載の複層ガラス。
  10. 　前記調光シートの調光素子は、懸濁粒子デバイス素子、エレクトロクロミック素子、又は液晶素子である請求項１～９のいずれか１項に記載の複層ガラス。
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