CN105473526A - 多层玻璃 - Google Patents

多层玻璃 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105473526A
CN105473526A CN201480044333.2A CN201480044333A CN105473526A CN 105473526 A CN105473526 A CN 105473526A CN 201480044333 A CN201480044333 A CN 201480044333A CN 105473526 A CN105473526 A CN 105473526A
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mentioned
glass
intermediate coat
laminated glass
indoor
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Granted
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CN201480044333.2A
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CN105473526B (zh
Inventor
栗原和之
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AGC Inc
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Asahi Glass Co Ltd
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B32B17/10045—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets with at least one intermediate layer consisting of a glass sheet
    • B32B17/10055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets with at least one intermediate layer consisting of a glass sheet with at least one intermediate air space
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    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10082—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet
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    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
    • B32B17/10201—Dielectric coatings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
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    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
    • B32B17/1022—Metallic coatings
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    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
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    • B32B17/10431—Specific parts for the modulation of light incorporated into the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
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    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10431—Specific parts for the modulation of light incorporated into the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10467—Variable transmission
    • B32B17/10495—Variable transmission optoelectronic, i.e. optical valve
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    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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    • E06B3/6715—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light specially adapted for increased thermal insulation or for controlled passage of light

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种可在保持强度的同时实现轻量化、且具备可长期保证调光片材的性能的调光功能的多层玻璃。本发明的多层玻璃10由室外侧夹层玻璃12以及室内侧夹层玻璃14构成。而且，室外侧夹层玻璃12是由第一化学强化玻璃板24、第一中间膜26、以及第二化学强化玻璃板28构成的夹层玻璃。室内侧夹层玻璃14是由玻璃板32、第二中间膜34、调光片材36、中间膜42、第三中间膜38、以及强化玻璃40构成的夹层玻璃。

Description

多层玻璃
技术领域
本发明涉及具备调光功能的多层玻璃。
背景技术
铁道车辆用的窗玻璃为了提高吸音性，隔热性，以及安全性，通常使用多层玻璃(参照专利文献1等)。该多层玻璃通过将室外侧玻璃板和室内侧玻璃板介由间隔物而间隔配置、将周缘部用密封材料密封而构成。
此外，如果采用专利文献1的多层玻璃，则使用厚度为5mm的非强化玻璃板(浮法玻璃)作为室外侧玻璃板以及室内侧玻璃板。由此，多层玻璃的强度设定为适合铁道车辆用的窗玻璃的强度。
另一方面，专利文献1的多层玻璃的室外侧玻璃板具备自调光膜。在室外侧玻璃板的2面中，该自调光膜在向着室内侧玻璃板的面上通过溅射法而成膜。如果采用该自调光膜，则具备在来自室外的光的强度低时将可见光的透射率设为70～90％的功能、以及在来自室外的光的强度高时将可见光的透射率设为50～70％的功能。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1：日本专利特开2004-175622号公报
发明内容
发明所要解决的技术问题
但是，专利文献1的多层玻璃为了赋予铁道车辆用的窗玻璃适当的强度而使用厚度为5mm的2块非强化玻璃板。由此存在专利文献1的多层玻璃变重的问题。
此处，玻璃的强度是指对于因外力而受到冲击时的破坏的抗性，其强度以“JISR1601细陶瓷的弯曲强度试验方法”为基准，可通过3点弯曲试验、或者4点弯曲试验进行测定。
此外，专利文献1的多层玻璃中，透过室外侧玻璃板的太阳光直接入射自调光膜，因此存在自调光膜由于太阳光的热量而升温的问题。尤其，在盛夏时，室外侧玻璃板的温度升温至接近80～100度，如果在该状态长时间放置，则存在自调光膜的性能下降的问题。
尽管不是自调光膜，但由于通过施加电压来使光透射率变化的调光片材、例如悬浮粒子仪器(以下称为SPD(SuspendedParticleDevice)。)的SPD的耐久上限温度为90～100度左右，因此有性能在早期下降之虞。
本发明是鉴于上述情况而完成的发明，其目的在于提供可在保持强度的同时实现轻量化、且具备可长期保证调光片材的性能的调光功能的多层玻璃。
解决技术问题所采用的技术方案
本发明的一种形态(本发明的第一实施方式)为了实现上述目的，提供一种多层玻璃，其是将配置于室外侧的室外侧夹层玻璃和配置于室内侧的室内侧夹层玻璃以介由间隔物的方式间隔配置，且通过一步密封材料将与上述室外侧夹层玻璃和上述室内侧夹层玻璃相向的上述间隔物的各侧面与上述室外侧夹层玻璃和上述室内侧夹层玻璃接合，并在上述一步密封材料的外侧涂布有二步密封材料的多层玻璃，上述室外侧夹层玻璃是从室外侧向着室内侧配置第一化学强化玻璃板、第一中间膜、以及第二化学强化玻璃板而构成的夹层玻璃，上述室内侧夹层玻璃是从室外侧向着室内侧配置在其表面上形成有热射线反射膜的玻璃板、第二中间膜、调光片材、包围上述调光片材的第三中间膜、第四中间膜、以及强化玻璃板而构成的夹层玻璃。
根据本发明的一种形态，由第一化学强化玻璃板、第一中间膜、以及第二化学强化玻璃板构成室外侧夹层玻璃。藉此，本发明的室外侧夹层玻璃与以往的作为非强化玻璃板的室外侧玻璃板相比，即使其厚度薄也可得到与以往的室外侧玻璃板相同的强度。
此外，由非强化玻璃板、第二中间膜、调光片材、第三中间膜、第四中间膜、以及强化玻璃板构成室内侧夹层玻璃。藉此，本发明的室内侧夹层玻璃与以往的作为非强化玻璃板的室内侧玻璃板相比，即使其厚度薄也可得到与以往的室内侧玻璃板相同的强度。
因此，如果采用本发明的一种形态，则可在保持强度的同时实现轻量化。
此外，如果采用本发明的一种形态，则由于第二中间膜和第四中间膜之间隔着调光片材，且调光片材在其周缘部被第三中间膜包围，并通过玻璃板和强化玻璃板覆盖其外侧而构成，因此可确实地保护结构脆弱的调光片材。此外，由于在玻璃板上形成有热射线反射膜，因此可保护调光片材不受太阳光的热量影响。
因此，如果采用本发明的一种形态，则可长期保证调光片材的性能。另外，上述室内侧夹层玻璃中配置于室外侧的玻璃板(形成有热射线反射膜的玻璃板)优选非强化玻璃板。
本发明的一种形态(本发明的第二实施方式)为了实现上述目的，提供一种多层玻璃，其是将配置于室外侧的室外侧夹层玻璃和配置于室内侧的室内侧夹层玻璃以介由间隔物的方式间隔配置，且通过一步密封材料将与上述室外侧夹层玻璃和上述室内侧夹层玻璃相向的上述间隔物的各侧面与上述室外侧夹层玻璃和上述室内侧夹层玻璃接合，并在上述一步密封材料的外侧涂布有二步密封材料的多层玻璃，上述室外侧夹层玻璃是从室外侧向着室内侧配置第一化学强化玻璃板、第一中间膜、以及第二化学强化玻璃板而构成的夹层玻璃，上述室内侧夹层玻璃是从室外侧向着室内侧配置玻璃板、第二中间膜、热射线反射片材、第三中间膜、调光片材、包围上述调光片材的第四中间膜、第五中间膜、以及强化玻璃板而构成的夹层玻璃。
该本发明的一种形态是使用热射线反射片材来代替热射线反射膜的形态。在该情况下，室内侧夹层玻璃中的配置于室外侧的玻璃板不受非强化玻璃板限定，也可以是强化玻璃板。此外，由于第二中间膜和第三中间膜之间隔着热射线反射片材，因此通过第二中间膜和第三中间膜保护热射线反射片材。而且，第三中间膜和第五中间膜之间隔着调光片材，且调光片材在其周缘部被第四中间膜包围，因此调光片材通过第三中间膜、第四中间膜、以及第五中间膜被保护。
在作为本发明的一种形态的前一个多层玻璃的形态中，上述第二中间膜、上述第三中间膜、以及上述第四中间膜优选为乙烯乙酸乙烯酯共聚物。
在作为本发明的一种形态的后一个多层玻璃的形态中，上述第二中间膜、上述第三中间膜、上述第四中间膜、以及上述第五中间膜优选乙烯乙酸乙烯酯共聚物。
本发明的一种形态中，如果中间膜为乙烯乙酸乙烯酯共聚物的中间膜，则由于不需要高压釜的加热压接处理而可降低设备成本。此外，由于乙烯乙酸乙烯酯共聚物不含有增塑剂，因此不会发生从中间膜漏出的增塑剂而导致的问题，例如增塑剂浸入调光片材而使调光片材劣化的问题。
在本发明的一种形态中，上述第一中间膜优选聚乙烯醇缩丁醛或者乙烯乙酸乙烯酯共聚物。
如果采用本发明的一种形态，则不具备调光片材的室外侧夹层玻璃的第一中间膜不限于乙烯乙酸乙烯酯共聚物，也可以是聚乙烯醇缩丁醛。
在本发明的一种形态中，上述第一化学强化玻璃板以及上述第二化学强化玻璃板的厚度优选1.2～1.8mm。
如果采用本发明的一种形态，则通过将第一化学强化玻璃板以及第二化学强化玻璃板的厚度设为1.2mm以上，可得到作为室外侧夹层玻璃的最低限的强度。此外，第一化学强化玻璃板以及第二化学强化玻璃板的厚度也可以超过1.8mm，但为了实现室外侧夹层玻璃的轻量化以及薄壁化，因此不需要过度的厚度，只要1.8mm以下的厚度即可得到足够的强度。
第一以及第二化学强化玻璃板的优选厚度范围从确保强度以及轻量化的观点考虑，更优选1.3～1.6mm。例如，由厚度为1.3mm的2块化学强化玻璃板和厚度为约0.76mm的中间膜构成的室外侧夹层玻璃的强度与厚度为4mm的非强化玻璃板的强度相同。即，可使用厚度为3.36mm(单纯计算的厚度)的本发明的室外侧夹层玻璃来代替厚度4mm的非强化玻璃板。藉此，可在保持强度的同时实现轻量化。
在本发明的一种形态中，上述室内侧夹层玻璃中的配置于室外侧的玻璃板为非强化玻璃板，其厚度优选0.1～2.0mm。
如果采用本发明的一种形态，该非强化玻璃板作为调光片材的保护层起作用。因此不需要过度的厚度，所以将厚度的下限值设为能够制造的0.1mm。另一方面，通过将非强化玻璃板的厚度的上限值设为2.0mm，可在实现室内侧夹层玻璃的轻量化的同时，对非强化玻璃板附加提高室内侧夹层玻璃的强度的功能。
在本发明的一种形态中，上述室内侧夹层玻璃中的配置于室内侧的强化玻璃板的厚度优选2.0～3.0mm。
如果采用本发明的一种形态，则由于该强化玻璃板的厚度在2.0mm以上，因此可得到适合室内侧夹层玻璃的强度。此外，由于强化玻璃板的厚度设为3.0mm以下，因此可得到轻量的室内侧玻璃板。另外，强化玻璃板可以是化学强化玻璃板，也可以是风冷强化玻璃板。
在本发明的一种形态中，上述室内侧夹层玻璃的室内侧的强化玻璃板优选化学强化玻璃板。通过使用化学强化玻璃板，可保持足够的强度，且使板厚更薄。
藉此，本发明的室内侧夹层玻璃与以往的作为非强化玻璃板的室内侧玻璃板相比，即使其厚度薄也可得到与以往的室内侧玻璃板相同的强度。
在本发明的一种形态中，上述调光片材的调光元件优选悬浮粒子仪器元件、电致变色元件、或者液晶元件。
发明的效果
如果采用以上说明的本发明的多层玻璃，则可在保持强度的同时实现轻量化，且可长期保证调光片材的性能。
附图说明
图1是适用于铁道车辆用的窗玻璃的第一实施方式的多层玻璃的截面图。
图2是分离表示构成图1的多层玻璃的各构件的多层玻璃的组装立体图。
图3是分离表示构成图1的多层玻璃的各构件的多层玻璃的纵截面图。
图4是适用于铁道车辆用的窗玻璃的第二实施方式的多层玻璃的截面图。
图5是分离表示构成图4的多层玻璃的各构件的多层玻璃的组装立体图。
图6是分离表示构成图4的多层玻璃的各构件的多层玻璃的纵截面图。
具体实施方式
以下，按照附图对本发明的多层玻璃的优选实施方式进行说明。
图1是适用于铁道车辆用的窗玻璃的第一实施方式的多层玻璃10的截面图。图2是分离表示构成图1所示的多层玻璃10的各构件的多层玻璃10的组装立体图。图3是分离表示构成多层玻璃10的各构件的多层玻璃10的纵截面图。
首先，对第一实施方式的多层玻璃10的基本构成进行说明。
《第一实施方式的多层玻璃10的基本构成》
多层玻璃10具备矩形状的室外侧夹层玻璃12、矩形状的室内侧夹层玻璃14、以及框状的间隔物16。室外侧夹层玻璃12以及室内侧夹层玻璃14表面积相等，并且介由间隔物16被间隔配置。此外，与室外侧夹层玻璃12和室内侧夹层玻璃14相对的间隔物16的各侧面通过丁基橡胶(一步密封材料)18与室外侧夹层玻璃12和室内侧夹层玻璃14接合。藉此，在室外侧夹层玻璃12和室内侧夹层玻璃14之间形成中空层20(图1参照)。然后，在丁基橡胶18的外周部涂布有机硅密封材料(二步密封材料)22。由此构成多层玻璃10。
[室外侧夹层玻璃12]
室外侧夹层玻璃12是从室外侧向着室内侧按照化学强化玻璃板(第一化学强化玻璃板)24、中间膜(第一中间膜)26、以及化学强化玻璃板(第二化学强化玻璃板)28的顺序配置而成的夹层玻璃。
[室内侧夹层玻璃14]
室内侧夹层玻璃14是从室外侧向着室内侧以在其表面形成有热射线反射膜30的玻璃板32(特别优选非强化玻璃板32)、中间膜(第二中间膜)34、调光片材36、中间膜(第四中间膜)38、以及强化玻璃板40(特别优选化学强化玻璃板40)的顺序配置而成的夹层玻璃。此外，第二中间膜34和第四中间膜38之间隔着包围调光片材36的框状的中间膜(第三中间膜)42。藉此，防止调光片材36的小口面暴露于外部。另外，也可使用经风冷强化的玻璃板来代替化学强化玻璃板40。
<化学强化玻璃板24、28、40>
化学强化玻璃板24、28、40是通过化学强化法而被强化的玻璃板。化学强化法是指在玻璃化温度以下的温度下，通过离子交换，将存在于玻璃板表面的离子半径小的碱金属离子(典型的是Li离子、Na离子)交换为离子半径更大的碱离子(典型的是相对于Li离子为Na离子或者K离子，相对于Na离子是K离子。)，藉此将玻璃板化学强化的方法。
为了实现作为室外侧夹层玻璃12的强度、且轻量化，化学强化玻璃板24、28的厚度优选1.2～1.8mm。此外，为了实现作为室内侧夹层玻璃14的强度、且轻量化，化学强化玻璃板40的厚度优选2.0～3.0mm。
<中间膜26、34、38>
作为成为多层玻璃10的粘接层的中间膜26、34、38，可使用夹层玻璃中所使用的聚乙烯醇缩丁醛的中间膜(以下，称为PVB(Polyvinylbutyral)类中间膜)、或者乙烯乙酸乙烯酯共聚物的中间膜(以下，称为EVA(Ethylene-VinylAcetate)类中间膜。)。
然而，中间膜34、38有因增塑剂而使其性能劣化之虞，为了保护结构脆弱的调光片材36，与含有增塑剂的PVB类中间膜相比，使用不含有增塑剂的EVA类中间膜。
由于有各种厚度的中间膜26、34、38市售，因此可通过将厚度相同或者厚度不同的多块中间膜重叠来容易地调整室外侧夹层玻璃12以及室内侧夹层玻璃14的厚度。作为一例，中间膜26、34、38的厚度为0.1～1.0mm。
另外，在多层玻璃10的小口暴露的情况下，优选耐水性比PVB类中间膜高(水的影响少)的EVA类中间膜。EVA类中间膜从不需要高压釜的方面出发在制造成本上有利，具有优良的粘接性、透明性。
<热射线反射膜30>
热射线反射膜30是反射红外线的透明的热射线反射层(例如银等金属层、氧化物层和金属层交替层叠的热射线反射层、高折射率层和低折射率层交互层叠的热射线反射层)，在非强化玻璃板32的室内侧面上通过例如溅射法等成膜方法形成。
热射线反射膜30可形成于非强化玻璃板32的中间膜34侧，也可形成于中空层20侧。其中，由于热射线反射膜30容易因水分而劣化，因此优选形成于中间膜34侧。
热射线反射膜30的红外线的反射率优选越高越好，但通常反射率为40～50％左右。该程度的反射率可充分抑制调光片材36的太阳光导致的升温，可保护调光片材36不受太阳光的热量的影响。
<玻璃板32>
作为玻璃板32，由后述的理由而优选非强化玻璃板32。非强化玻璃板32是指不实施强化处理的通常的浮法玻璃。
非强化玻璃板32的厚度从保护调光片材36的观点考虑，优选0.1mm以上，从实现室内侧夹层玻璃14的轻量化的观点考虑，优选2.0mm以下。
<调光片材36>
作为调光片材36，可使用多种常用的片材。作为调光片材36之一的SPD是在涂覆有透明导电层的2块聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET：PolyethyleneTerephthalate)膜之间配置使取向粒子分散的数微米的液滴，通过电信号的发出/停止来使粒子取向，在深蓝色和透明之间控制光的透射率的片材。
此外，作为其他调光片材36，是在2块透明基板之间具备电致变色元件(调光元件)的公知的片材，可例示封入液晶元件(调光元件)的公知的片材。作为一例，调光片材36的厚度为0.2～0.8mm。框状的中间膜42可根据需要重叠多块，以使其与调光片材36的厚度相同。
[多层玻璃10的制造方法]
<室外侧夹层玻璃12的制造方法>
作为中间膜26使用PVB类中间膜的室外侧夹层玻璃12的制造方法是将层叠有化学强化玻璃板24、中间膜26、以及化学强化玻璃板28的层叠体封入真空袋内，在130℃左右进行预加热。之后，将经预加热的上述层叠体使用公知的高压釜一边加热为100～150℃一边加压。藉此，制造使用PVB类中间膜的室外侧夹层玻璃12。
另一方面，作为中间膜26使用EVA类中间膜的室外侧夹层玻璃12的制造方法不需要上述高压釜的加热压接处理。即，将层叠有化学强化玻璃板24、中间膜26、以及化学强化玻璃板28的层叠体封入真空袋内，通过在温水中浸渍、加热来制造。
<室内侧夹层玻璃14的制造方法>
将层叠有非强化玻璃板32、中间膜34、调光片材36、中间膜42、中间膜38、以及化学强化玻璃板40的层叠体封入真空袋内，通过在温水中浸渍、加热来制造。
由于PVB类中间膜需要高压釜处理，因此存在设备成本增大的问题。此外，由于PVB中含有增塑剂，因此从PVB类中间膜漏出的增塑剂有浸入调光片材36的调光层(调光元件)、使调光层内部劣化的问题。
与此相对，EVA类中间膜由于不需要高压釜处理而可降低设备成本，此外，由于不含有增塑剂，有不会发生增塑剂导致的上述问题的优点。根据以上理由，作为中间膜26、34、38、42，优选使用EVA类中间膜。
接着，对本发明的第一实施方式的多层玻璃10的特征进行说明。
《多层玻璃10的特征》
首先，室外侧夹层玻璃12由化学强化玻璃板24、中间膜26、以及化学强化玻璃板28构成。藉此，室外侧夹层玻璃12与以往的作为非强化玻璃板的室外侧玻璃板相比，即使其厚度薄也可得到与以往的室外侧玻璃板相同的强度。
其次，室内侧夹层玻璃14由玻璃板32、中间膜34、调光片材36、中间膜42、中间膜38、以及化学强化玻璃40构成。藉此，室内侧夹层玻璃14与以往的作为非强化玻璃板的室内侧玻璃板相比，即使其厚度薄也可得到与以往的室内侧玻璃板相同的强度。另外，玻璃板32从下述理由出发，优选非强化玻璃板32。
因此，如果采用第一实施方式的多层玻璃10，则可在保持强度的同时实现轻量化。
此外，在中间膜34和中间膜38之间隔着调光片材36，且调光片材36的周缘部被中间膜42包围，并在其外侧用非强化玻璃板32和强化玻璃板40(尤其是化学强化玻璃板40)覆盖，以此构成。藉此，可确实地保护结构脆弱的调光片材36不受外力影响。此外，由于在非强化玻璃板32上形成有热射线反射膜30，因此可保护调光片材36不受太阳光的热量影响。
因此，如果采用第一实施方式的多层玻璃10，则可长期保证调光片材36的性能。
此处，对形成有热射线反射膜30的玻璃板不是化学强化玻璃板，而设为非强化玻璃板32的理由进行说明。
在化学强化前的玻璃板上形成热射线反射膜、之后对玻璃板进行化学强化的情况下，在离子交换处理工序中对热射线反射膜30产生影响，有时使热射线反射膜30的功能下降。另一方面，在化学强化玻璃板上形成热射线反射膜30的情况下，在形成工序中的加热处理时，其热量对化学强化玻璃板产生影响，存在化学强化玻璃板的强度下降(玻璃板的拉伸应力和压缩应力缓和)的问题。由于这样的理由，使用非强化玻璃板32作为形成热射线反射膜30的玻璃板。
另外，也可采用通过风冷强化而制造的风冷强化玻璃板来代替化学强化玻璃板40。然而，风冷强化对象的玻璃板在制造上以厚度比化学强化对象的玻璃板厚为前提。因此，难以实现多层玻璃的轻量化。此外，风冷强化玻璃板与通常的玻璃板(浮法玻璃)相比具有3倍的强度，但由于化学强化玻璃板具有5倍的强度，因此优选使用化学强化玻璃板。而且，风冷强化玻璃板存在对其玻璃面喷射空气而残留痕迹导致外观变差的问题，但化学强化玻璃板有不残留有这样的痕迹、外观优良的优点。
其次，本发明的多层玻璃10还有化学强化玻璃板24、28的厚度设为1.2～1.8mm的特征。
即，通过将化学强化玻璃板24、28的厚度设为1.2mm以上，可得到作为室外侧夹层玻璃12的最低限的强度。此外，化学强化玻璃板24、28的厚度也可以超过1.8mm，但为了实现室外侧夹层玻璃12的轻量化以及薄壁化，因此不需要过度的厚度，只要1.8mm以下的厚度即可得到足够的强度。
化学强化玻璃板24、28的优选厚度范围从确保强度以及轻量化的观点考虑，更优选1.3～1.6mm。例如，由厚度为1.3mm的2块化学强化玻璃板24、28和厚度为约0.76mm的中间膜26构成的室外侧夹层玻璃12的强度与厚度为4mm的非强化玻璃板的强度相同。即，可使用厚度为3.36mm(单纯计算的厚度)的室外侧夹层玻璃12来代替厚度4mm的非强化玻璃板。藉此，可在保持强度保持的同时实现轻量化。另外，中间膜26的质量比相对于玻璃为约10％，因此中间膜26的存在不会阻碍轻量化。
其次，本发明的多层玻璃10还有非强化玻璃板32的厚度设为0.1～2.0mm的特征。
非强化玻璃板32作为调光片材36的保护层起作用。因此不需要过度的厚度，所以将厚度的下限值设为能够制造的0.1mm。另一方面，通过将非强化玻璃板32的厚度的上限值设为2.0mm，可在实现室内侧夹层玻璃14的轻量化的同时，对非强化玻璃板32附加提高室内侧夹层玻璃14的强度的功能。
其次，本发明的多层玻璃10还有室内侧夹层玻璃12的室内侧的强化玻璃板40的厚度设为2.0～3.0mm的特征。
强化玻璃板40的厚度、特别优选化学强化玻璃板40的厚度在2.0mm以上，因此可得到适合室内侧夹层玻璃14的强度。此外，强化玻璃板40的厚度、特别优选化学强化玻璃板40的厚度在3.0mm以下，因此可得到轻量的室内侧夹层玻璃14。
[质量比较]
制作强度以及表面积(0.5m2)相等的以往的比较例品以及实施例品，比较其质量。
<比较例品>
·室外侧玻璃板：厚度4mm的非强化玻璃板，
·室内侧玻璃板：厚度5mm的非强化玻璃板，
·间隔物：厚度9mm的铝制，
·多层玻璃：总厚18mm，
·多层玻璃的质量：14.0kg(间隔物除外)。
<第一实施方式的多层玻璃的实施例品>
·室外侧夹层玻璃12：厚度1.3mm的化学强化玻璃板24、厚度0.76的中间膜26、厚度1.3mm的化学强化玻璃板28，
·室内侧夹层玻璃14：厚度1.6mm的非强化玻璃板32、厚度0.4mm的中间膜34、厚度0.4mm的调光片材、厚度0.4mm的中间膜38、厚度2.5mm的化学强化玻璃板40，
·间隔物16：厚度9mm的铝制，
·多层玻璃：总厚17.7mm，
·多层玻璃10的质量：10.3kg(间隔物16除外)。
如上所述，如果采用本实施方式的多层玻璃10，则与以往的多层玻璃相比，可在保持强度的同时，作为玻璃板的质量实现约26.5％的轻量化。
《第二实施方式的多层玻璃50的构成》
图4是第二实施方式的多层玻璃50的截面图。图5是分离表示构成图4所示的多层玻璃50的各构件的多层玻璃50的组装立体图。图6是分离表示构成多层玻璃50的各构件的多层玻璃50的纵截面图。
另外，在对第二实施方式的多层玻璃10进行说明时，对与第一实施方式的多层玻璃10相同的构件以及类似的构件标注相同的符号，省略其说明以及效果。即，仅对相对于多层玻璃10而言的不同点进行说明。
多层玻璃50使用热射线反射片材52来代替多层玻璃10的热射线反射膜30。
即，多层玻璃50的室内侧夹层玻璃54是由玻璃板32、中间膜(第二中间膜)56、热射线反射片材52、中间膜(第三中间膜)34、调光片材36、中间膜(第四中间膜)42、中间膜(第五中间膜)38、以及强化玻璃板40(特别优选化学强化玻璃板40)构成的夹层玻璃。另外，中间膜56也为EVA类中间膜。
在第二实施方式的多层玻璃50的情况下，由于玻璃板32中不形成热射线反射膜，因此作为玻璃板32，可以是非强化玻璃板，或者也可以是强化玻璃板(尤其从可使板厚更薄的方面出发，是化学强化玻璃板)。
如果采用室内侧夹层玻璃54，则由于中间膜56和中间膜34之间隔着热射线反射片材52，因此热射线反射片材52被中间膜56和中间膜34所保护。此外，在中间膜34和中间膜38之间隔着调光片材36，因此调光片材36被中间膜34和中间膜38所保护。
<热射线反射片材52>
作为热射线反射片材52，可例示在PET等透明片材的表面上形成有反射红外线的透明的热射线反射层(例如，银等金属层)的片材，但不受此所限。
即，热射线反射片材52只要具备反射太阳光线的红外线、抑制调光片材36的升温的功能即可适用。例如，可例示在透明片材的表面上，氧化物层和金属层交替层叠形成热射线反射层的片材、高折射率层和低折射率层交替层叠形成热射线反射层的片材。
此外，上述热射线反射层的红外线的反射率优选越高越好，但通常热射线反射率为40～50％左右。该程度的热射线反射率即可充分抑制调光片材36的升温。作为一例，热射线反射片材52的厚度为0.01～0.15mm。
第二实施方式的多层玻璃50的质量也与第一实施方式的多层玻璃10的质量大致相等。由此，如果采用多层玻璃50，则与以往例品相比，可在保持强度的同时实现轻量化。
产业上利用的可能性
上述实施方式中，作为本发明的多层玻璃，例示了适用于铁道车辆用的窗玻璃的多层玻璃10，但不受此所限。例如，本发明的多层玻璃也可作为适用于建筑物的窗玻璃、航空机、船舶等窗玻璃的多层玻璃。
这里引用2013年8月5日提出申请的日本专利申请2013-162629号的说明书、权利要求书、附图和摘要的全部内容作为本发明的说明书的揭示。
符号说明
10…多层玻璃，12…室外侧夹层玻璃，14…室内侧夹层玻璃，16…间隔物，18…一步密封材料，20…中空层，22…二步密封材料，24…第一化学强化玻璃板，26…第一中间膜，28…第二化学强化玻璃板，30…热射线反射膜，32…玻璃板，34…第二中间膜，36…调光片材，38…第四中间膜，40…强化玻璃板，42…第三中间膜，50…多层玻璃，52…热射线反射片材，54…室内侧夹层玻璃，56…中间膜。

Claims (10)

1.一种多层玻璃，
其是将配置于室外侧的室外侧夹层玻璃和配置于室内侧的室内侧夹层玻璃以介由间隔物的方式间隔配置、且通过一步密封材料将与上述室外侧夹层玻璃和上述室内侧夹层玻璃相向的上述间隔物的各侧面与上述室外侧夹层玻璃和上述室内侧夹层玻璃接合、并在上述一步密封材料的外侧涂布有二步密封材料的多层玻璃，其中，
上述室外侧夹层玻璃是从室外侧向着室内侧配置第一化学强化玻璃板、第一中间膜、以及第二化学强化玻璃板而构成的夹层玻璃，
上述室内侧夹层玻璃是从室外侧向着室内侧配置在其表面形成有热射线反射膜的玻璃板、第二中间膜、调光片材、包围上述调光片材的第三中间膜、第四中间膜、以及强化玻璃板而构成的夹层玻璃。
2.一种多层玻璃，
其是将配置于室外侧的室外侧夹层玻璃和配置于室内侧的室内侧夹层玻璃以介由间隔物的方式间隔配置、且通过一步密封材料将与上述室外侧夹层玻璃和上述室内侧夹层玻璃相向的上述间隔物的各侧面与上述室外侧夹层玻璃和上述室内侧夹层玻璃接合、并在上述一步密封材料的外侧涂布有二步密封材料的多层玻璃，其中，
上述室外侧夹层玻璃是从室外侧向着室内侧配置第一化学强化玻璃板、第一中间膜、以及第二化学强化玻璃板而构成的夹层玻璃，
上述室内侧夹层玻璃是从室外侧向着室内侧配置玻璃板、第二中间膜、热射线反射片材、第三中间膜、调光片材、包围上述调光片材的框状的第四中间膜、第五中间膜、以及强化玻璃板而构成的夹层玻璃。
3.如权利要求1所述的多层玻璃，其特征在于，上述第二中间膜、上述第三中间膜、以及上述第四中间膜是乙烯乙酸乙烯酯共聚物。
4.如权利要求2所述的多层玻璃，其特征在于，上述第二中间膜、上述第三中间膜、上述第四中间膜、以及上述第五中间膜是乙烯乙酸乙烯酯共聚物。
5.如权利要求1～4中任一项所述的多层玻璃，其特征在于，上述第一中间膜是聚乙烯醇缩丁醛或者乙烯乙酸乙烯酯共聚物。
6.如权利要求1～5中任一项所述的多层玻璃，其特征在于，上述第一化学强化玻璃板以及上述第二化学强化玻璃板的厚度为1.2～1.8mm。
7.如权利要求1～6中任一项所述的多层玻璃，其特征在于，上述室内侧夹层玻璃的室外侧的上述玻璃板为非强化玻璃板，其厚度为0.1～2.0mm。
8.如权利要求1～7中任一项所述的多层玻璃，其特征在于，上述室内侧夹层玻璃的室内侧的上述强化玻璃板的厚度为2.0～3.0mm。
9.如权利要求1～8中任一项所述的多层玻璃，其特征在于，上述室内侧夹层玻璃的室内侧的上述强化玻璃板为化学强化玻璃板。
10.如权利要求1～9中任一项所述的多层玻璃，其特征在于，上述调光片材的调光元件为悬浮粒子仪器元件、电致变色元件、或者液晶元件。
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