WO2015016358A1 - 合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラス - Google Patents
合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラス Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015016358A1 WO2015016358A1 PCT/JP2014/070386 JP2014070386W WO2015016358A1 WO 2015016358 A1 WO2015016358 A1 WO 2015016358A1 JP 2014070386 W JP2014070386 W JP 2014070386W WO 2015016358 A1 WO2015016358 A1 WO 2015016358A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- laminated glass
- interlayer film
- laminated
- polyvinyl acetal
- concave portions
- Prior art date
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- 239000005340 laminated glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 153
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 155
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical class [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 claims description 89
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 72
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 70
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 17
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyraldehyde Chemical compound CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 125000004036 acetal group Chemical group 0.000 description 14
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 9
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- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 description 7
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 5
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- FRQDZJMEHSJOPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylene glycol bis(2-ethylhexanoate) Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C(=O)OCCOCCOCCOC(=O)C(CC)CCCC FRQDZJMEHSJOPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
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- GCDUWJFWXVRGSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-heptanoyloxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl heptanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCC(=O)OCCOCCOCCOC(=O)CCCCCC GCDUWJFWXVRGSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JEYLQCXBYFQJRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-(2-ethylbutanoyloxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl 2-ethylbutanoate Chemical compound CCC(CC)C(=O)OCCOCCOCCOC(=O)C(CC)CC JEYLQCXBYFQJRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001422033 Thestylus Species 0.000 description 2
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- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVHHWVSYKBDVEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-heptanoyloxyethoxy)ethyl heptanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCC(=O)OCCOCCOC(=O)CCCCCC LVHHWVSYKBDVEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OXQGTIUCKGYOAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylbutanoic acid Chemical compound CCC(CC)C(O)=O OXQGTIUCKGYOAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SSKNCQWPZQCABD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-(2-heptanoyloxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl heptanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCC(=O)OCCOCCOCCOCCOC(=O)CCCCCC SSKNCQWPZQCABD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
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- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011354 acetal resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004676 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C27/00—Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material; Joining glass to glass other than by fusing
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- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2605/00—Vehicles
- B32B2605/08—Cars
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2605/00—Vehicles
- B32B2605/18—Aircraft
Definitions
- the present invention is an interlayer film for laminated glass in which two or more resin layers are laminated, and has an excellent degassing property in the production process of laminated glass and can prevent generation of multiple images.
- the present invention relates to a laminated glass including the film and the interlayer film for laminated glass.
- Laminated glass obtained by sandwiching an interlayer film for laminated glass containing plasticized polyvinyl butyral between two glass plates and bonding them together is widely used in window glass for automobiles, aircraft, buildings, and the like.
- the interlayer film for laminated glass is not only composed of a single resin layer, but may be composed of a laminate of two or more resin layers. As two or more resin layers, it has a first resin layer and a second resin layer, and the first resin layer and the second resin layer have different properties.
- An interlayer film for laminated glass having various performances that have been difficult to realize can be provided.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an interlayer film for laminated glass having a three-layer structure including a sound insulating layer and two protective layers sandwiching the sound insulating layer.
- the interlayer film for laminated glass of Patent Document 1 exhibits excellent sound insulation properties by having a sound insulation layer containing a polyvinyl acetal resin excellent in affinity with a plasticizer and a large amount of plasticizer.
- the protective layer prevents a large amount of plasticizer contained in the sound insulating layer from bleeding out and lowering the adhesion between the interlayer film and the glass.
- the present inventors examined the cause of the generation of multiple images when using an interlayer film for laminated glass in which two or more resin layers are laminated. As a result, it has been found that there is a cause in the irregularities formed on the surface of the interlayer film for laminated glass.
- a laminated body in which an interlayer film for laminated glass is laminated between at least two glass plates is usually handled through a nip roll (handling deaeration method) or placed in a rubber bag and sucked under reduced pressure. (Vacuum degassing method), pressure bonding is performed while deaerating air remaining between the glass plate and the intermediate film.
- the laminated body is manufactured by, for example, heating and pressurizing and pressing the laminated body in an autoclave.
- deaeration when laminating the glass and the interlayer film for laminated glass is important.
- the concave and convex portions of the concave and convex portions have a groove shape (hereinafter also referred to as “engraved shape”) in which the bottom portion is continuous, and the adjacent engraved concave portions are regularly formed in parallel. By doing so, extremely excellent deaeration can be exhibited.
- the irregularities formed on the surface of the interlayer film for laminated glass are usually crushed during pressure bonding in the laminated glass manufacturing process, there was hardly any problem in the obtained laminated glass. That is, when unevenness is formed on both surfaces of the interlayer film for laminated glass, the uneven patterns on both surfaces may interfere with each other and interference fringes called moire phenomenon may appear. Since it was crushed, there was almost no problem after laminated glass. However, in the case of an interlayer film for laminated glass in which two or more resin layers are laminated, the present inventors remain affected by unevenness in the laminated glass obtained through the laminated glass manufacturing process, and the multiple images I found out that it was the cause of the outbreak.
- the present invention is an interlayer film for laminated glass in which two or more resin layers are laminated, has excellent degassing properties in the production process of laminated glass, and prevents the generation of multiple images.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an interlayer film for laminated glass and a laminated glass including the interlayer film for laminated glass.
- the present invention is an interlayer film for laminated glass in which two or more resin layers are laminated, and has a large number of concave portions and a large number of convex portions on at least one surface, and the bottom portion of the concave portion is continuous.
- the interlayer film for laminated glass has a groove depth (Rzg) of 10 to 40 ⁇ m and a distance between adjacent recesses of 1000 to 1500 ⁇ m.
- “having a large number of concave portions and a large number of convex portions on at least one surface” means “a large number of concave portions and a large number of convex portions are formed on at least one surface”. "The concave part has a groove shape with a continuous bottom part, and the adjacent concave parts are arranged in parallel and in parallel.” It also means that the adjacent concave portions are regularly formed in parallel. The present invention is described in detail below.
- the present inventors have devised an uneven pattern formed on the surface of the interlayer film for laminated glass, so that even if it is an interlayer film for laminated glass in which two or more resin layers are laminated,
- the present invention has been completed by finding out that it is possible to achieve both excellent deaeration during production of laminated glass and prevention of the generation of multiple images.
- the interlayer film for laminated glass of the present invention has a large number of concave portions and a large number of convex portions on at least one surface. Thereby, the deaeration at the time of manufacture of a laminated glass is securable. Although the said unevenness
- corrugation may have only on one surface, since deaeration improves remarkably, it is preferable to have on both surfaces of the intermediate film for laminated glasses.
- the shape of the unevenness only needs to have at least a groove shape, and for example, the shape of the unevenness generally provided on the surface of the interlayer film for laminated glass, such as engraved shape or lattice shape, can be used.
- the uneven shape may be a shape to which an embossing roll is transferred.
- the convex portion may have a planar shape as shown in FIG. 1 or a non-planar shape as shown in FIG.
- corrugation may be given to the plane of this top part.
- the heights of the convex portions of the concaves and convexes may be the same height or different heights, and the depths of the concave portions corresponding to these convex portions are continuous with the bottom sides of the concave portions. If it does, the same depth may be sufficient and a different depth may be sufficient.
- the concave / convex concave portions on the at least one surface have a groove shape (lined shape) with a continuous bottom portion, and the adjacent concave portions are arranged in parallel in parallel. is doing.
- the ease of air release when a laminated body in which an interlayer film for laminated glass is laminated between two glass plates is closely related to the connectivity and smoothness of the bottom of the recess.
- FIG. 1 and 2 are schematic views showing an example of an interlayer film for laminated glass in which engraved concave portions are arranged in parallel at equal intervals.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing an example of an interlayer film for laminated glass in which engraved concave portions are not equally spaced but are arranged in parallel. In FIG. 3, the interval A between the recess 1 and the recess 2 is different from the interval B between the recess 1 and the recess 3.
- the surface having a large number of concave portions and the large number of convex portions has a groove depth (Rzg) of the concave portion of 10 to 40 ⁇ m.
- the groove depth (Rzg) is 15 ⁇ m
- the preferable upper limit is 35 ⁇ m
- the more preferable lower limit is 20 ⁇ m
- the more preferable upper limit is 30 ⁇ m.
- the groove depth (Rzg) of the recess is defined as JIS B-0601 (1994) “Surface roughness—definition and indication”, the reference length is 2.5 mm, and the roughness curve
- the groove depth based on the average line (line set so that the sum of squares of the deviation to the roughness curve is minimized) is calculated, and means the average value of the groove depths of the measured number of grooves.
- the number of grooves is defined as an integer obtained by rounding up the decimal length of the value obtained by dividing the reference length by the interval between the recesses. When the number of grooves is 5 or more, five groove depths are calculated in the deepest order of the recesses existing in the reference length, and the average value is defined as the groove depth per reference length.
- the groove depths of several grooves are calculated in the deepest order of the recesses existing in the reference length, and the average value is defined as the groove depth per reference length. At least five groove depths per reference length are measured, and the average value is defined as the groove depth (Rzg) of the recess.
- the groove depth (Rzg) can be easily obtained by data processing of a digital signal measured using a surface roughness measuring instrument (SE1700 ⁇ , manufactured by Kosaka Laboratory Ltd.).
- the lower limit of the interval between the adjacent engraved concave portions (hereinafter, also referred to as “recess interval”) is 1000 ⁇ m, and the upper limit is 1500 ⁇ m.
- the cause of the generation of multiple images is that an optical interference phenomenon occurs due to the unevenness formed at the resin interlayer interface. Since the effect of this optical interference phenomenon can be reduced by setting the interval between the recesses to be 1000 ⁇ m or more, the generation of multiple images can be effectively suppressed. On the other hand, when the interval between the recesses is 1500 ⁇ m or less, the deaeration property is extremely excellent.
- a preferable lower limit of the interval between the recesses is 1100 ⁇ m, a preferable upper limit is 1400 ⁇ m, a more preferable lower limit is 1150 ⁇ m, and a more preferable upper limit is 1350 ⁇ m.
- interval of a recessed part means the shortest distance between the bottom parts of these two recessed parts in the recessed part which is a groove
- the interval between the recesses is determined by observing the surface of the interlayer film for laminated glass (observation range 20 mm ⁇ 20 mm) using an optical microscope (for example, BS-8000III manufactured by SONIC). Measure all the shortest distances between the bottoms of the recesses.
- the interval between the recesses is obtained.
- the maximum value of the measured shortest distance may be used as the interval between the recesses.
- the interval between the recesses may be an average value of the shortest distance or a maximum value of the shortest distance, but is preferably an average value of the shortest distance.
- an embossing roll method for example, an embossing roll method, a calender roll method, a profile extrusion method, an extrusion utilizing a melt fracture
- an embossing roll method for example, an embossing roll method, a calender roll method, a profile extrusion method, an extrusion utilizing a melt fracture
- the embossing roll method is preferable because the shape in which the adjacent engraved concave portions are formed in parallel and the shape in parallel are easily obtained.
- embossing roll used in the embossing roll method for example, blasting is performed on the surface of the metal roll using an abrasive such as aluminum oxide or silicon oxide, and then vertical grinding or the like is used to reduce excessive peaks on the surface.
- an embossing roll having an embossed pattern (uneven pattern) on the roll surface can be mentioned.
- an embossing roll having an embossed pattern (uneven pattern) on the roll surface by transferring an embossed pattern (uneven pattern) onto the surface of the metal roll using an engraving mill may be mentioned.
- the embossing roll etc. which have an embossed pattern (uneven
- the interlayer film for laminated glass of the present invention two or more resin layers are laminated.
- the first resin layer and the second resin layer are provided, and the first resin layer and the second resin layer have different properties, thereby providing one layer. It is possible to provide an interlayer film for laminated glass having various performances that have been difficult to realize by itself. On the other hand, when two or more resin layers are laminated, the problem of multiple images occurs.
- the resin layer preferably contains a thermoplastic resin.
- the thermoplastic resin include polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, polytrifluoride ethylene, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, polyester, polyether, polyamide Polycarbonate, polyacrylate, polymethacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl acetal, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and the like.
- the resin layer preferably contains polyvinyl acetal or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, and more preferably contains polyvinyl acetal.
- the resin layer preferably contains polyvinyl acetal and a plasticizer.
- the plasticizer is not particularly limited as long as it is a plasticizer generally used for an interlayer film for laminated glass.
- organic plasticizers such as monobasic organic acid esters and polybasic organic acid esters, organic Examples thereof include phosphoric acid plasticizers such as phosphoric acid compounds and organic phosphorous acid compounds.
- the organic plasticizer include triethylene glycol-di-2-ethylhexanoate, triethylene glycol-di-2-ethylbutyrate, triethylene glycol-di-n-heptanoate, and tetraethylene glycol-di-2.
- the resin layer preferably contains triethylene glycol-di-2-ethylhexanoate, triethylene glycol-di-2-ethylbutyrate, or triethylene glycol-di-n-heptanoate. More preferably, it contains ethylene glycol-di-2-ethylhexanoate.
- the resin layer preferably contains an adhesive strength modifier.
- the resin layer that comes into contact with the glass preferably contains the above-mentioned adhesive strength modifier.
- an alkali metal salt or alkaline-earth metal salt is used suitably, for example.
- salts, such as potassium, sodium, magnesium are mentioned, for example.
- the acid constituting the salt include organic acids of carboxylic acids such as octylic acid, hexyl acid, 2-ethylbutyric acid, butyric acid, acetic acid and formic acid, or inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid and nitric acid. Since the adhesive force of glass and a resin layer can be prepared easily when manufacturing a laminated glass, it is preferable that the resin layer which contacts glass contains a magnesium salt as an adhesive force regulator.
- the resin layer contains additives such as a modified silicone oil, a flame retardant, an antistatic agent, a moisture resistant agent, a heat ray reflective agent, and a heat ray absorbent as necessary, as an antioxidant, a light stabilizer, and an adhesion modifier. May be.
- additives such as a modified silicone oil, a flame retardant, an antistatic agent, a moisture resistant agent, a heat ray reflective agent, and a heat ray absorbent as necessary, as an antioxidant, a light stabilizer, and an adhesion modifier. May be.
- the interlayer film for laminated glass of the present invention has at least a first resin layer and a second resin layer as two or more resin layers, and is a polyvinyl acetal (hereinafter referred to as polyvinyl acetal) contained in the first resin layer. It is preferable that the amount of hydroxyl group of acetal A) is different from the amount of hydroxyl group of polyvinyl acetal (hereinafter referred to as polyvinyl acetal B) contained in the second resin layer. Since the properties of polyvinyl acetal A and polyvinyl acetal B are different, it is possible to provide an interlayer film for laminated glass having various performances that have been difficult to achieve with only one layer.
- the first resin layer when the first resin layer is laminated between two layers of the second resin layer and the amount of hydroxyl group of polyvinyl acetal A is lower than the amount of hydroxyl group of polyvinyl acetal B, The resin layer tends to have a lower glass transition temperature than the second resin layer. As a result, the first resin layer is softer than the second resin layer, and the sound insulation of the interlayer film for laminated glass is increased. Further, when the first resin layer is laminated between the two second resin layers and the amount of hydroxyl groups of the polyvinyl acetal A is higher than the amount of hydroxyl groups of the polyvinyl acetal B, the first resin layer The resin layer tends to have a higher glass transition temperature than the second resin layer. As a result, the first resin layer is harder than the second resin layer, and the penetration resistance of the interlayer film for laminated glass is increased.
- the content of the plasticizer (hereinafter referred to as content A) with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polyvinyl acetal in the first resin layer.
- the plasticizer content in the second resin layer is preferably different from that of 100 parts by mass of polyvinyl acetal (hereinafter referred to as “content B”).
- content A the content of the plasticizer
- content B the content of the polyvinyl acetal
- the first resin layer When the first resin layer is laminated between the two second resin layers and the content A is less than the content B, the first resin layer is The glass transition temperature tends to be higher than that of the second resin layer. As a result, the first resin layer is harder than the second resin layer, and the penetration resistance of the interlayer film for laminated glass is increased.
- the sound insulation layer as the first resin layer and the second resin layer A combination with a protective layer may be used as the resin layer.
- the sound insulating layer contains polyvinyl acetal X and a plasticizer
- the protective layer contains polyvinyl acetal Y and a plasticizer because the sound insulating properties of the laminated glass are improved.
- an interlayer film for laminated glass hereinafter, also referred to as a sound insulation interlayer
- the intermediate film for laminated glasses which can prevent generation
- the sound insulating interlayer will be described more specifically.
- the sound insulating layer has a role of providing sound insulating properties.
- the sound insulation layer preferably contains polyvinyl acetal X and a plasticizer.
- the polyvinyl acetal X can be prepared by acetalizing polyvinyl alcohol with an aldehyde.
- the polyvinyl alcohol is usually obtained by saponifying polyvinyl acetate.
- a preferable lower limit of the average degree of polymerization of the polyvinyl alcohol is 200, and a preferable upper limit is 5000.
- the average degree of polymerization of the polyvinyl alcohol By setting the average degree of polymerization of the polyvinyl alcohol to 200 or more, the penetration resistance of the obtained sound insulating interlayer can be improved, and by setting it to 5000 or less, the moldability of the sound insulating layer can be ensured.
- the more preferable lower limit of the average degree of polymerization of the polyvinyl alcohol is 500, and the more preferable upper limit is 4000.
- the average degree of polymerization of the polyvinyl alcohol is determined by a method based on JIS K6726 “Testing method for polyvinyl alcohol”.
- the preferable lower limit of the carbon number of the aldehyde for acetalizing the polyvinyl alcohol is 4, and the preferable upper limit is 6.
- the aldehyde having 4 to 6 carbon atoms may be a linear aldehyde or a branched aldehyde, and examples thereof include n-butyraldehyde and n-valeraldehyde. .
- the upper limit with the preferable amount of hydroxyl groups of the said polyvinyl acetal X is 30 mol%.
- the more preferable upper limit of the hydroxyl group amount of the polyvinyl acetal X is 28 mol%, the more preferable upper limit is 26 mol%, the particularly preferable upper limit is 24 mol%, the preferable lower limit is 10 mol%, the more preferable lower limit is 15 mol%, and the more preferable lower limit. Is 20 mol%.
- the amount of hydroxyl groups in the polyvinyl acetal X is a value obtained by dividing the amount of ethylene groups to which the hydroxyl groups are bonded by the total amount of ethylene groups in the main chain, as a percentage (mol%).
- the amount of ethylene group to which the hydroxyl group is bonded can be determined, for example, by measuring the amount of ethylene group to which the hydroxyl group of polyvinyl acetal X is bonded by a method based on JIS K6728 “Testing method for polyvinyl butyral”. it can.
- the minimum with the preferable amount of acetal groups of the said polyvinyl acetal X is 60 mol%, and a preferable upper limit is 85 mol%.
- a preferable upper limit is 85 mol%.
- the lower limit of the amount of acetal group of the polyvinyl acetal X is more preferably 65 mol%, still more preferably 68 mol% or more.
- the amount of the acetal group can be determined by measuring the amount of ethylene group to which the acetal group of the polyvinyl acetal X is bonded by a method based on JIS K6728 “Testing method for polyvinyl butyral”.
- the minimum with the preferable amount of acetyl groups of the said polyvinyl acetal X is 0.1 mol%, and a preferable upper limit is 30 mol%.
- a preferable upper limit is 30 mol%.
- the more preferable lower limit of the acetyl group amount is 1 mol%, the more preferable lower limit is 5 mol%, the particularly preferable lower limit is 8 mol%, the more preferable upper limit is 25 mol%, and the still more preferable upper limit is 20 mol%.
- the amount of acetyl groups is the value obtained by subtracting the amount of ethylene groups to which acetal groups are bonded and the amount of ethylene groups to which hydroxyl groups are bonded from the total amount of ethylene groups in the main chain. This is a value expressed as a percentage (mol%) of the mole fraction obtained by dividing by.
- the above-mentioned sound insulation layer can easily contain a plasticizer in an amount necessary to exhibit sound insulation
- the above-mentioned polyvinyl acetal X is a polyvinyl acetal having an acetyl group content of 8 mol% or more, or Polyvinyl acetal having an acetyl group amount of less than 8 mol% and an acetal group amount of 65 mol% or more is preferred.
- the polyvinyl acetal X is a polyvinyl acetal having an acetyl group amount of 8 mol% or more, or a polyvinyl acetal having an acetyl group amount of less than 8 mol% and an acetal group amount of 68 mol% or more. More preferable.
- the preferable minimum with respect to 100 mass parts of said polyvinyl acetals X is 45 mass parts, and a preferable upper limit is 80 mass parts.
- a preferable upper limit is 80 mass parts.
- the more preferred lower limit of the plasticizer content is 50 parts by mass
- the still more preferred lower limit is 55 parts by mass
- the more preferred upper limit is 75 parts by mass
- the still more preferred upper limit is 70 parts by mass.
- a preferable lower limit of the thickness of the sound insulation layer is 0.05 mm. By setting the thickness of the sound insulation layer to 0.05 mm or more, sufficient sound insulation can be exhibited. A more preferable lower limit of the thickness of the sound insulation layer is 0.08 mm. In addition, although an upper limit is not specifically limited, When the thickness as an intermediate film for laminated glasses is considered, a preferable upper limit is 0.3 mm.
- the above-mentioned protective layer prevents bleeding of a large amount of plasticizer contained in the sound insulation layer, resulting in a decrease in the adhesion between the interlayer film for laminated glass and the glass. Has the role of granting.
- the protective layer preferably contains, for example, polyvinyl acetal Y and a plasticizer, and more preferably contains polyvinyl acetal Y having a larger amount of hydroxyl group than polyvinyl acetal X and a plasticizer.
- the polyvinyl acetal Y can be prepared by acetalizing polyvinyl alcohol with an aldehyde.
- the polyvinyl alcohol is usually obtained by saponifying polyvinyl acetate.
- the preferable minimum of the average degree of polymerization of the said polyvinyl alcohol is 200, and a preferable upper limit is 5000.
- the more preferable lower limit of the average degree of polymerization of the polyvinyl alcohol is 500, and the more preferable upper limit is 4000.
- the preferable lower limit of the carbon number of the aldehyde for acetalizing the polyvinyl alcohol is 3, and the preferable upper limit is 4.
- the aldehyde having 3 to 4 carbon atoms may be a linear aldehyde or a branched aldehyde, and examples thereof include n-butyraldehyde.
- the upper limit with the preferable amount of hydroxyl groups of the said polyvinyl acetal Y is 33 mol%, and a preferable minimum is 28 mol%.
- the preferable lower limit of the amount of acetal group is 60 mol%, and the preferable upper limit is 80 mol%.
- the amount of the acetal group is 60 mol% or more, an amount of plasticizer necessary for exhibiting sufficient penetration resistance can be contained.
- the amount of the acetal group 80 mol% or less it is possible to ensure the adhesive force between the protective layer and the glass.
- a more preferable lower limit of the amount of the acetal group is 65 mol%, and a more preferable upper limit is 69 mol%.
- the upper limit with the preferable amount of acetyl groups of the said polyvinyl acetal Y is 7 mol%.
- the amount of acetyl groups of the polyvinyl acetal Y 7 mol% or less the hydrophobicity of the protective layer can be increased and whitening can be prevented.
- a more preferable upper limit of the amount of the acetyl group is 2 mol%, and a preferable lower limit is 0.1 mol%.
- the amount of hydroxyl groups, the amount of acetal groups, and the amount of acetyl groups of polyvinyl acetals A, B, and Y can be measured by the same method as that for polyvinyl acetal X.
- the preferable minimum with respect to 100 mass parts of said polyvinyl acetals Y is 20 mass parts, and a preferable upper limit is 45 mass parts.
- a preferable upper limit is 45 mass parts.
- the more preferred lower limit of the plasticizer content is 30 parts by mass
- the still more preferred lower limit is 35 parts by mass
- the more preferred upper limit is 43 parts by mass
- the still more preferred upper limit is 41 parts by mass. Since the sound insulation of the laminated glass is further improved, the plasticizer content in the protective layer is preferably smaller than the plasticizer content in the sound insulation layer.
- the amount of hydroxyl group of the polyvinyl acetal Y is preferably larger than the amount of hydroxyl group of the polyvinyl acetal X, more preferably 1 mol% or more, further preferably 5 mol% or more. It is particularly preferably 8 mol% or more.
- the content of the plasticizer (hereinafter also referred to as content X) relative to 100 parts by mass of the polyvinyl acetal X100 in the sound insulation layer is the polyvinyl acetal Y100 in the protective layer. It is preferably more than the content of plasticizer (hereinafter also referred to as “content Y”) relative to parts by mass, more preferably 5 parts by mass or more, still more preferably 15 parts by mass or more, and more than 20 parts by mass. It is particularly preferred.
- the glass transition temperature of the sound insulation layer is lowered. As a result, the sound insulation of the laminated glass is further improved.
- the preferable lower limit as the thickness of the protective layer is 0.2 mm, and the preferable upper limit is 3 mm.
- the thickness of the protective layer is 0.2 mm or more, penetration resistance can be ensured.
- a more preferred lower limit of the thickness of the protective layer is 0.3 mm, a more preferred upper limit is 1.5 mm, a still more preferred upper limit is 0.5 mm, and a particularly preferred upper limit is 0.4 mm.
- the method for producing the sound insulation interlayer is not particularly limited.For example, after the sound insulation layer and the protective layer are formed into a sheet by a normal film formation method such as an extrusion method, a calendar method, and a press method, The method of laminating etc. is mentioned.
- An interlayer film for laminated glass in which the groove depth (Rzg) of the recesses measured in accordance with 10 to 40 ⁇ m and the interval between adjacent recesses is 1000 to 1500 ⁇ m is also one aspect of the present invention.
- “having a large number of concave portions and a large number of convex portions on at least one surface of the protective layer” means “having a large number of concave portions and a large number of convex portions on at least one surface of the protective layer.
- ⁇ the recess has a continuous groove shape at the bottom, and the adjacent recesses are parallel and regularly arranged in parallel. '' It also means that it has a continuous groove shape and the adjacent recesses are regularly formed in parallel.
- the laminated glass in which the interlayer film for laminated glass of the present invention is laminated between a pair of glass plates is also one aspect of the present invention.
- the said glass plate can use the transparent plate glass generally used. Examples thereof include inorganic glass such as float plate glass, polished plate glass, template glass, netted glass, wire-containing plate glass, colored plate glass, heat ray absorbing glass, heat ray reflecting glass, and green glass. Further, an ultraviolet shielding glass having an ultraviolet shielding coating layer on the glass surface can also be used. Furthermore, organic plastics plates such as polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, and polyacrylate can also be used. Two or more types of glass plates may be used as the glass plate. For example, the laminated glass which laminated
- a laminated glass for laminated glass in which two or more resin layers are laminated which has excellent degassing properties in the production process of laminated glass and can prevent the generation of multiple images
- An interlayer film for use, and a laminated glass including the interlayer film for laminated glass can be provided.
- Example 1 Preparation of resin composition for sound insulation layer Polyvinyl butyral obtained by acetalizing polyvinyl alcohol having an average degree of polymerization of 2400 with n-butyraldehyde (acetyl group content: 12 mol%, butyral group content: 66 mol%, 60 parts by mass of triethylene glycol-di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO) as a plasticizer is added to 100 parts by mass of the hydroxyl group (22 mol%), and kneaded thoroughly with a mixing roll to obtain a resin for a sound insulation layer A composition was obtained.
- n-butyraldehyde acetyl group content: 12 mol%
- butyral group content 66 mol%
- 3GO triethylene glycol-di-2-ethylhexanoate
- the temperature of the interlayer film for laminated glass was 80 ° C.
- the temperature of the roll was 145 ° C.
- the linear velocity was 10 m / min
- the press linear pressure was 10 to 200 kN / m.
- the surface roughness of the interlayer film for laminated glass after molding was 20 ⁇ m as a result of measuring with the ten-point average roughness Rz of JIS B 0601 (1994). The measurement was obtained by data processing of a digital signal measured using a surface roughness measuring instrument (SE1700 ⁇ , manufactured by Kosaka Laboratory Ltd.).
- corrugation which the bottom part continued was provided to the surface of the intermediate film for laminated glasses by the following procedure.
- a pair of rolls composed of a metal roll milled on a surface using a triangular oblique mill and a rubber roll having a JIS hardness of 45 to 75 is used as a concavo-convex shape transfer device, and a random concavo-convex shape is formed in the first step.
- the transferred intermediate film for laminated glass is passed through this uneven shape transfer device, and concave portions having a groove shape (engraved shape) whose bottom is continuous with the surface of the A layer of the intermediate film for laminated glass are arranged in parallel at equal intervals. Unevenness was added.
- the temperature of the interlayer film for laminated glass was normal temperature
- the roll temperature was 130 ° C.
- the linear velocity was 10 m / min
- the film width was 1.5 m
- the press pressure was 500 kPa.
- the same operation was performed also on the surface of the C layer of the interlayer film for laminated glass to give a groove-shaped (engraved) recess having a continuous bottom.
- the crossing angle between the groove-shaped (engraved) concave portion where the bottom applied to the surface of the A layer is continuous and the groove-shaped (engraved) concave portion where the bottom applied to the surface of the C layer is continuous is The angle was set to 10 °.
- the groove depth (Rzg) of the concave portions on the surface of the A layer and C layer of the obtained interlayer film for laminated glass is defined in JIS B-0601 (1994) “Surface roughness—definition and indication”. Groove depth calculated based on the reference length of 2.5 mm and the average depth of the roughness curve (the line set so that the square sum of the deviation to the roughness curve is minimized) as a reference The average value of the number of groove depths was defined as the groove depth per reference length, and the average value of the five groove depths per reference length was used. The number of grooves in the A layer was 3, and the number of grooves in the C layer was 3.
- the groove depth (Rzg) of the concave portions on the surfaces of the A layer and the C layer is obtained by data processing of a digital signal measured using a surface roughness measuring device (SE1700 ⁇ , manufactured by Kosaka Laboratory Ltd.). It was.
- the groove depth (Rzg) of the recesses on the surface of the A layer was 22 ⁇ m, and the groove depth (Rzg) of the recesses on the surface of the C layer was 18 ⁇ m.
- Example 2 An interlayer film for laminated glass was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the distance between the recesses on the surface of the A layer and the C layer and the groove depth (Rzg) of the recesses were as shown in Table 1. In the measurement of the distance between the recesses in Examples 2 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3, the average value and the maximum value of the shortest distance between the recesses were the same.
- Example 6 The amount of acetyl groups, the amount of butyral groups and the amount of hydroxyl groups of polyvinyl butyral used in the protective layer and the sound insulation layer, and the plasticizer content are changed as shown in Table 1, An interlayer film for laminated glass was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the groove depth (Rzg) of the recesses was as shown in Table 1.
- the polyvinyl butyral used for the protective layer and the sound insulation layer was obtained by acetalizing polyvinyl alcohol having an average polymerization degree of 1700 with n-butyraldehyde.
- the interlayer film is sandwiched between two clear glass plates (length 30 cm x width 30 cm x thickness 2.5 mm), the protruding part is cut off, and the laminated glass composition (laminated body) thus obtained is placed in a rubber bag.
- the rubber bag is connected to a suction pressure reducer, heated and held at the same time under a reduced pressure of ⁇ 60 kPa (absolute pressure 16 kPa) for 10 minutes.
- the temperature of the laminated glass (laminated body) (preliminary pressure bonding temperature) is 70 ° C.
- the pressure was returned to atmospheric pressure to complete the pre-compression bonding.
- the deaeration start temperature at the time of the preliminary press bonding was performed under three conditions of 40 ° C., 50 ° C., and 60 ° C.
- the laminated glass structure (laminated body) preliminarily pressed by the above method is placed in an autoclave, held for 10 minutes under conditions of a temperature of 140 ° C. and a pressure of 1300 kPa, and then the temperature is lowered to 50 ° C. to return to atmospheric pressure The pressure bonding was finished, and a laminated glass was produced.
- laminated glass baking test The obtained laminated glass was heated in an oven at 140 ° C. for 2 hours. Subsequently, after taking out from oven and allowing to cool for 3 hours, the external appearance of the laminated glass was observed visually. For each of the 20 sheets, the number of foams (bubbles) generated between the glass plate and the interlayer film for laminated glass was examined, and when the number of foams was 5 or less under all conditions, “ ⁇ ” The case where the number was 6 or more was evaluated as “x”.
- a 10 W silica bulb (manufactured by Asahi Electric Co., Ltd., PS55 E 26 110V-10W, total luminous flux 70 lm) was used as a light source for evaluating multiple image generation.
- the 10W silica bulb is assumed to be a light source having a general luminance that can enter a window glass of an automobile, an aircraft, a building, or the like.
- the presence or absence of the generation of multiple images was evaluated by a method based on JIS R 3212 (2008). When an image exceeding 6.5 minutes was generated, it was determined that a multiple image was generated, and when an image of 6.5 minutes or less was generated, it was determined that a single image was generated.
- the actual vehicle mounting angle was set to 20 ° for measurement. Further, the angle formed by the engraved concave portions provided on the surface of the A layer and the horizontal direction is arranged to be 5 °, and the engraved concave portions provided on the surface of the C layer and the horizontal direction are provided. The formed angle was set to ⁇ 5 °.
- a laminated glass for laminated glass in which two or more resin layers are laminated which has excellent degassing properties in the production process of laminated glass and can prevent the generation of multiple images
- An interlayer film for use, and a laminated glass including the interlayer film for laminated glass can be provided.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
例えば特許文献1には、遮音層と該遮音層を挟持する2層の保護層とからなる3層構造の合わせガラス用中間膜が開示されている。特許文献1の合わせガラス用中間膜では、可塑剤との親和性に優れるポリビニルアセタール樹脂と大量の可塑剤とを含有する遮音層を有することにより優れた遮音性を発揮する。一方、保護層は、遮音層に含まれる大量の可塑剤がブリードアウトして中間膜とガラスとの接着性が低下することを防止している。
しかしながら本発明者らは、2層以上の樹脂層が積層された合わせガラス用中間膜の場合には、合わせガラス製造工程を経て得られた合わせガラスにおいて、凹凸の影響が残存し、多重像の発生の原因になっていたことを見出した。
なお、本発明において、「少なくとも一方の表面に、多数の凹部と多数の凸部とを有し」とは「少なくとも一方の表面に、多数の凹部と多数の凸部とが形成されている」ことをも意味し、「凹部は、底部が連続した溝形状を有し、隣接する前記凹部が平行して規則的に並列しており」とは「凹部は、底部が連続した溝形状を有し、隣接する前記凹部が平行して規則的に形成されている」ことをも意味する。
以下に本発明を詳述する。
上記凹凸は、一方の表面にのみ有してもよいが、著しく脱気性が向上することから、合わせガラス用中間膜の両面に有することが好ましい。
また、上記凸部も、図1に示したように頂上部が平面形状であってもよく、図2に示したように平面ではない形状であってもよい。なお、上記凸部の頂上部が平面形状である場合には、該頂上部の平面に更に微細な凹凸が施されていてもよい。
更に、各凹凸の凸部の高さは、同一の高さであってもよいし、異なる高さであってもよく、これらの凸部に対応する凹部の深さも、該凹部の底辺が連続していれば、同一の深さであってもよいし、異なる深さであってもよい。
なお、「規則的に並列している」とは、隣接する上記刻線状の凹部が平行して等間隔に並列していてもよく、隣接する上記刻線状の凹部が平行して並列しているが、すべての隣接する上記刻線状の凹部の間隔が等間隔でなくともよいことを意味する。
図1及び図2に、刻線状の凹部が等間隔に平行して並列している合わせガラス用中間膜の一例を表す模式図を示した。
図3に、刻線状の凹部が等間隔ではないが平行して並列している合わせガラス用中間膜の一例を表す模式図を示した。図3において、凹部1と凹部2との間隔Aと、凹部1と凹部3との間隔Bとは異なる。
なお、本明細書において凹部の溝深さ(Rzg)とは、JIS B-0601(1994)「表面粗さ-定義及び表示」に規定される、基準長さを2.5mmとし、粗さ曲線の平均線(粗さ曲線までの偏差の2乗和が最小になるように設定した線)を基準とする溝深さを算出し、測定した溝数の溝深さの平均値を意味する。上記溝数は、基準長さを上記凹部の間隔で割った値の小数点以下を切り上げた整数を溝数とする。溝数が5以上である場合には、基準長さに存在する凹部の最も深い順に5箇所の溝深さを算出し、その平均値を基準長さあたりの溝深さとする。溝数が4以下である場合には、基準長さに存在する凹部の最も深い順に、溝数個の溝深さを算出し、その平均値を基準長さあたりの溝深さとする。上記基準長さあたりの溝深さを少なくとも5箇所測定し、その平均値を凹部の溝深さ(Rzg)とする。また、上記溝深さ(Rzg)は、表面粗さ測定器(小坂研究所社製、SE1700α)を用いて測定されるデジタル信号をデータ処理することによって容易に得られる。
上述のように、多重像の発生の原因は、樹脂層間界面に形成された凹凸により光干渉現象が発生することにある。凹部の間隔を1000μm以上とすることにより、この光干渉現象の効果を低減できることから、多重像の発生を効果的に抑制することができる。一方、凹部の間隔を1500μm以下とすることにより、脱気性が極めて優れたものとなる。上記凹部の間隔の好ましい下限は1100μm、好ましい上限は1400μmであり、より好ましい下限は1150μm、より好ましい上限は1350μmである。
なお、本明細書において凹部の間隔とは、隣接する底部が連続した溝形状である凹部において、該2つの凹部の最底部間の最短距離を意味する。具体的には、上記凹部の間隔は、光学顕微鏡(例えば、SONIC社製、BS-8000III)を用いて、合わせガラス用中間膜の表面(観察範囲20mm×20mm)を観察し、観察された隣接する凹部の最底部間の最短距離をすべて測定する。次いで、測定された最短距離の平均値を算出することにより、凹部の間隔が得られる。また、測定された最短距離の最大値を凹部の間隔としてもよい。凹部の間隔は最短距離の平均値であってもよく、最短距離の最大値であってもよいが、最短距離の平均値であることが好ましい。
上記熱可塑性樹脂として、例えば、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、フッ化ビニリデン-六フッ化プロピレン共重合体、ポリ三フッ化エチレン、アクリロニトリル-ブタジエン-スチレン共重合体、ポリエステル、ポリエーテル、ポリアミド、ポリカーボネート、ポリアクリレート、ポリメタクリレート、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリスチレン、ポリビニルアセタール、エチレン-酢酸ビニル共重合体等が挙げられる。なかでも、上記樹脂層はポリビニルアセタール、又は、エチレン-酢酸ビニル共重合体を含有することが好ましく、ポリビニルアセタールを含有することがより好ましい。
上記可塑剤としては、合わせガラス用中間膜に一般的に用いられる可塑剤であれば特に限定されず、例えば、一塩基性有機酸エステル、多塩基性有機酸エステル等の有機可塑剤や、有機リン酸化合物、有機亜リン酸化合物等のリン酸可塑剤等が挙げられる。
上記有機可塑剤として、例えば、トリエチレングリコール-ジ-2-エチルヘキサノエート、トリエチレングリコール-ジ-2-エチルブチレート、トリエチレングリコール-ジ-n-ヘプタノエート、テトラエチレングリコール-ジ-2-エチルヘキサノエート、テトラエチレングリコール-ジ-2-エチルブチレート、テトラエチレングリコール-ジ-n-ヘプタノエート、ジエチレングリコール-ジ-2-エチルヘキサノエート、ジエチレングリコール-ジ-2-エチルブチレート、ジエチレングリコール-ジ-n-ヘプタノエート等が挙げられる。なかでも、上記樹脂層はトリエチレングリコール-ジ-2-エチルヘキサノエート、トリエチレングリコール-ジ-2-エチルブチレート、又は、トリエチレングリコール-ジ-n-ヘプタノエートを含むことが好ましく、トリエチレングリコール-ジ-2-エチルヘキサノエートを含むことがより好ましい。
上記接着力調整剤としては、例えば、アルカリ金属塩又はアルカリ土類金属塩が好適に用いられる。上記接着力調整剤として、例えば、カリウム、ナトリウム、マグネシウム等の塩が挙げられる。
上記塩を構成する酸としては、例えば、オクチル酸、ヘキシル酸、2-エチル酪酸、酪酸、酢酸、蟻酸等のカルボン酸の有機酸、又は、塩酸、硝酸等の無機酸が挙げられる。合わせガラスを製造するときに、ガラスと樹脂層との接着力を容易に調製できることから、ガラスと接触する樹脂層は、接着力調整剤として、マグネシウム塩を含むことが好ましい。
ポリビニルアセタールAとポリビニルアセタールBとの性質が異なるため、1層だけでは実現が困難であった種々の性能を有する合わせガラス用中間膜を提供することができる。例えば、2層の上記第2の樹脂層の間に、上記第1の樹脂層が積層されており、かつ、ポリビニルアセタールAの水酸基量がポリビニルアセタールBの水酸基量より低い場合、上記第1の樹脂層は上記第2の樹脂層と比較してガラス転移温度が低くなる傾向にある。結果として、上記第1の樹脂層が上記第2の樹脂層より軟らかくなり、合わせガラス用中間膜の遮音性が高くなる。また、2層の上記第2の樹脂層の間に、上記第1の樹脂層が積層されており、かつ、ポリビニルアセタールAの水酸基量がポリビニルアセタールBの水酸基量より高い場合、上記第1の樹脂層は上記第2の樹脂層と比較してガラス転移温度が高くなる傾向にある。結果として、上記第1の樹脂層が上記第2の樹脂層より硬くなり、合わせガラス用中間膜の耐貫通性が高くなる。
上記遮音層は、ポリビニルアセタールXと可塑剤とを含有することが好ましい。
上記ポリビニルアセタールXは、ポリビニルアルコールをアルデヒドによりアセタール化することにより調製することができる。上記ポリビニルアルコールは、通常、ポリ酢酸ビニルをけん化することにより得られる。
上記ポリビニルアルコールの平均重合度の好ましい下限は200、好ましい上限5000である。上記ポリビニルアルコールの平均重合度を200以上とすることにより、得られる遮音中間膜の耐貫通性を向上させることができ、5000以下とすることにより、遮音層の成形性を確保することができる。上記ポリビニルアルコールの平均重合度のより好ましい下限は500、より好ましい上限は4000である。
なお、上記ポリビニルアルコールの平均重合度は、JIS K6726「ポリビニルアルコール試験方法」に準拠した方法により求められる。
上記炭素数が4~6のアルデヒドとしては、直鎖状のアルデヒドであってもよいし、分枝状のアルデヒドであってもよく、例えば、n-ブチルアルデヒド、n-バレルアルデヒド等が挙げられる。
上記ポリビニルアセタールXの水酸基量は、水酸基が結合しているエチレン基量を、主鎖の全エチレン基量で除算して求めたモル分率を百分率(モル%)で表した値である。上記水酸基が結合しているエチレン基量は、例えば、JIS K6728「ポリビニルブチラール試験方法」に準拠した方法により、上記ポリビニルアセタールXの水酸基が結合しているエチレン基量を測定することにより求めることができる。
上記アセタール基量は、JIS K6728「ポリビニルブチラール試験方法」に準拠した方法により、上記ポリビニルアセタールXのアセタール基が結合しているエチレン基量を測定することにより求めることができる。
上記保護層は、例えば、ポリビニルアセタールYと可塑剤とを含有することが好ましく、ポリビニルアセタールXより水酸基量が大きいポリビニルアセタールYと可塑剤とを含有することがより好ましい。
上記ポリビニルアルコールは、通常、ポリ酢酸ビニルをけん化することにより得られる。
また、上記ポリビニルアルコールの平均重合度の好ましい下限は200、好ましい上限は5000である。上記ポリビニルアルコールの平均重合度を200以上とすることにより、合わせガラス用中間膜の耐貫通性を向上させることができ、5000以下とすることにより、保護層の成形性を確保することができる。上記ポリビニルアルコールの平均重合度のより好ましい下限は500、より好ましい上限は4000である。
上記炭素数が3~4のアルデヒドとしては、直鎖状のアルデヒドであってもよいし、分枝状のアルデヒドであってもよく、例えば、n-ブチルアルデヒド等が挙げられる。
また、合わせガラスの遮音性がより一層向上することから、上記遮音層におけるポリビニルアセタールX100質量部に対する、可塑剤の含有量(以下、含有量Xともいう。)は、上記保護層におけるポリビニルアセタールY100質量部に対する、可塑剤の含有量(以下、含有量Yともいう。)より多いことが好ましく、5質量部以上多いことがより好ましく、15質量部以上多いことが更に好ましく、20質量部以上多いことが特に好ましい。含有量X及び含有量Yを調整することにより、上記遮音層のガラス転移温度が低くなる。結果として、合わせガラスの遮音性がより一層向上する。
上記保護層の厚みのより好ましい下限は0.3mm、より好ましい上限は1.5mmであり、更に好ましい上限は0.5mm、特に好ましい上限は0.4mmである。
なお、本発明において、「保護層の少なくとも一方の表面に、多数の凹部と多数の凸部とを有し」とは「保護層の少なくとも一方の表面に、多数の凹部と多数の凸部とが形成されている」ことをも意味し、「凹部は、底部が連続した溝形状を有し、隣接する上記凹部が平行して規則的に並列しており」とは「凹部は、底部が連続した溝形状を有し、隣接する上記凹部が平行して規則的に形成されている」ことをも意味する。
上記ガラス板は、一般に使用されている透明板ガラスを使用することができる。例えば、フロート板ガラス、磨き板ガラス、型板ガラス、網入りガラス、線入り板ガラス、着色された板ガラス、熱線吸収ガラス、熱線反射ガラス、グリーンガラス等の無機ガラスが挙げられる。また、ガラスの表面に紫外線遮蔽コート層を有する紫外線遮蔽ガラスも用いることができる。更に、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリカーボネート、ポリアクリレート等の有機プラスチックス板を用いることもできる。
上記ガラス板として、2種類以上のガラス板を用いてもよい。例えば、透明フロート板ガラスと、グリーンガラスのような着色されたガラス板との間に、本発明の合わせガラス用中間膜を積層した合わせガラスが挙げられる。また、上記ガラス板として、2種以上の厚さの異なるガラス板を用いてもよい。
(1)遮音層用樹脂組成物の調製
平均重合度が2400のポリビニルアルコールをn-ブチルアルデヒドでアセタール化することにより得られたポリビニルブチラール(アセチル基量12モル%、ブチラール基量66モル%、水酸基量22モル%)100質量部に対して、可塑剤としてトリエチレングリコール-ジ-2-エチルヘキサノエート(3GO)60質量部を添加し、ミキシングロールで充分に混練し、遮音層用樹脂組成物を得た。
平均重合度が1700のポリビニルアルコールをn-ブチルアルデヒドでアセタール化することにより得られたポリビニルブチラール(アセチル基量1モル%、ブチラール基量69モル%、水酸基量30モル%)100質量部に対して、可塑剤としてトリエチレングリコール-ジ-2-エチルヘキサノエート(3GO)40質量部を添加し、ミキシングロールで充分に混練し、保護層用樹脂組成物を得た。
得られた遮音層用樹脂組成物と保護層用樹脂組成物を、共押出機を用いて共押出することにより、保護層用樹脂組成物からなる厚さ350μmのA層(保護層)、遮音層用樹脂組成物からなる厚さ100μmのB層(遮音層)及び保護層用樹脂組成物からなる厚さ350μmのC層(保護層)がこの順に積層された3層構造の合わせガラス用中間膜(遮音中間膜)を得た。
第1の工程として、下記の手順により合わせガラス用中間膜の両面にランダムな凹凸形状を転写した。まず、鉄ロール表面に、ブラスト剤を用いてランダムな凹凸を施した後、該鉄ロールをバーチカル研削し、更に、より微細なブラスト剤を用いて研削後の平坦部に微細な凹凸を施すことにより、粗大なメインエンボスと微細なサブエンボスをもつ同形状の1対のロールを得た。該1対のロールを凹凸形状転写装置として用い、得られた合わせガラス用中間膜の両面にランダムな凹凸形状を転写した。この時の転写条件として、合わせガラス用中間膜の温度を80℃、上記ロールの温度を145℃、線速を10m/min、プレス線圧を10~200kN/mとした。賦型後の合わせガラス用中間膜の表面粗さはJIS B 0601(1994)の十点平均粗さRzで測定した結果、20μmであった。測定は表面粗さ測定器(小坂研究所社製、SE1700α)を用いて測定されるデジタル信号をデータ処理することによって得た。測定方向は刻線に対して垂直方向とし、カットオフ値=2.5mm、基準長さ=2.5mm、評価長さ=12.5mm、触針の先端半径=2μm、先端角度=60°、測定速度=0.5mm/sの条件で測定を行った。
次いで、合わせガラス用中間膜のC層の表面にも同様の操作を施し、底部が連続した溝形状(刻線状)の凹部を付与した。その際、A層の表面に付与した底部が連続した溝形状(刻線状)の凹部と、C層の表面に付与した底部が連続した溝形状(刻線状)の凹部との交差角度が10°となるようにした。
光学顕微鏡(SONIC社製、BS-8000III)を用いて、得られた合わせガラス用中間膜のA層及びC層の表面(観察範囲20mm×20mm)を観察し、隣接する凹部の間隔を測定したうえで、隣接する凹部の最底部間の最短距離の平均値を算出することにより、凹部の間隔を得た。A層の表面の凹部の間隔は1000μm、C層の表面の凹部の間隔は1000μmであった。なお、上記最短距離の平均値及び最大値はいずれも同一であった。
また、得られた合わせガラス用中間膜のA層及びC層の表面の凹部の溝深さ(Rzg)は、JIS B-0601(1994)「表面粗さ-定義及び表示」に規定される、基準長さを2.5mmとし、粗さ曲線の平均線(粗さ曲線までの偏差の2乗和が最小になるように設定した線)を基準とする溝深さを算出し、測定した溝数の溝深さの平均値を基準長さあたりの溝深さとし、基準長さあたりの溝深さの5箇所の平均値とした。上記A層の溝数は3、上記C層の溝数は3であった。また、A層及びC層の表面の上記凹部の溝深さ(Rzg)は、表面粗さ測定器(小坂研究所社製、SE1700α)を用いて測定されるデジタル信号をデータ処理することによって得た。測定方向は刻線に対して垂直方向とし、触針の先端半径=2μm、先端角度=60°、測定速度=0.5mm/sの条件で測定を行った。A層の表面の凹部の溝深さ(Rzg)は22μm、C層の表面の凹部の溝深さ(Rzg)は18μmであった。
A層及びC層表面の凹部の間隔及び凹部の溝深さ(Rzg)を表1に示したようにした以外は、実施例1と同様の方法により合わせガラス用中間膜を作製した。
なお、実施例2~5及び比較例1~3の凹部の間隔の測定において、上記凹部の最短距離の平均値及び最大値はいずれも同一であった。
保護層及び遮音層に用いられるポリビニルブチラールのアセチル基量、ブチラール基量及び水酸基量と、可塑剤の含有量とを表1に示すように変更し、A層及びC層表面の凹部の間隔及び凹部の溝深さ(Rzg)を表1に示したようにした以外は、実施例1と同様の方法により合わせガラス用中間膜を作製した。なお、保護層及び遮音層に用いられるポリビニルブチラールは、平均重合度が1700のポリビニルアルコールをn-ブチルアルデヒドでアセタール化することにより得た。
A層及びC層表面の凹部の間隔及び凹部の溝深さ(Rzg)を表1に示したようにした以外は、実施例1と同様の方法により合わせガラス用中間膜を作製した。
なお、比較例1~3の凹部の間隔の測定において、上記凹部の最短距離の平均値及び最大値はいずれも同一であった。
実施例及び比較例で得られた合わせガラス用中間膜について、以下の方法により評価を行った。
結果を表1に示した。なお、表中のBu化度はブチラール基量を、OH化度は水酸基量を、Ac化度はアセチル基量を、可塑剤部数はポリビニルブチラール100質量部に対する可塑剤の含有量を、それぞれ示す。
得られた表面に凹凸を有する合わせガラス用中間膜を用いて、以下に示すように、減圧脱気法で予備圧着を行い、次いで本圧着を行って、合わせガラスを作製した。
中間膜を二枚のクリアガラス板(縦30cm×横30cm×厚さ2.5mm)の間に挟み、はみ出た部分を切り取り、こうして得られた合わせガラス構成体(積層体)をゴムバッグ内に移し、ゴムバッグを吸引減圧機に接続し、加熱すると同時に-60kPa(絶対圧力16kPa)の減圧下で10分間保持し、合わせガラス構成体(積層体)の温度(予備圧着温度)が70℃となるように加熱した後、大気圧に戻して予備圧着を終了した。尚、上記予備圧着時の脱気開始温度は40℃、50℃及び60℃の3条件で行った。
上記方法で予備圧着された合わせガラス構成体(積層体)をオートクレーブ中に入れ、温度140℃、圧力1300kPaの条件下で10分間保持した後、50℃まで温度を下げ大気圧に戻すことにより本圧着を終了して、合わせガラスを作製した。
得られた合わせガラスを140℃のオーブン中で2時間加熱した。次いで、オーブンから取り出して3時間放冷した後、合わせガラスの外観を目視で観察した。各20枚についてガラス板と合わせガラス用中間膜との間に発泡(気泡)が生じた枚数を調べて、全ての条件下において発泡枚数が5枚以下であった場合を「○」と、発泡枚数が6枚以上であった場合を「×」と評価した。
光源に、10Wシリカ電球(旭光電機社製、PS55 E 26 110V-10W、全光束70lm)を用いた。上記10Wシリカ電球は、自動車、航空機、建築 物等の窓ガラスに入射し得る一般的な輝度の光源を想定したものである。JIS R 3212(2008)に準拠する方法により、多重像の発生の有無を評価した。なお、6.5分を超える像が発生した場合を多重像が発生していると判断し、6.5分以下の像が発生した場合を単一像が発生していると判断した。その結果、6.5分以下の単一像が観察された場合を「○」と、多重像が発生した場合を「×」と評価した。
なお、実車取付角度は20°に設定し測定を行った。また、A層の表面に付与した刻線状の凹部と、水平方向とが成す角を5°となるように配置し、C層の表面に付与した刻線状の凹部と、水平方向とが成す角を-5°となるように配置した。
2 任意に選択した一の凹部に隣接する凹部
3 任意に選択した一の凹部に隣接する凹部
A 凹部1と凹部2との間隔
B 凹部1と凹部3との間隔
Claims (7)
- 2層以上の樹脂層が積層された合わせガラス用中間膜であって、
少なくとも一方の表面に、多数の凹部と多数の凸部とを有し、前記凹部は、底部が連続した溝形状を有し、隣接する前記凹部が平行して規則的に並列しており、
前記多数の凹部と多数の凸部とを有する表面は、JIS B-0601(1994)に準拠して測定される凹部の溝深さ(Rzg)が10~40μmであり、かつ、隣接する前記凹部の間隔が1000~1500μmである
ことを特徴とする合わせガラス用中間膜。 - 隣接する凹部が平行して等間隔に並列していることを特徴とする請求項1記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 樹脂層は、ポリビニルアセタールと可塑剤とを含有することを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 少なくとも第1の樹脂層と第2の樹脂層とを有し、前記第1の樹脂層に含まれるポリビニルアセタールの水酸基量が、前記第2の樹脂層に含まれるポリビニルアセタールの水酸基量と異なることを特徴とする請求項3記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 第1の樹脂層におけるポリビニルアセタール100質量部に対する可塑剤の含有量が、第2の樹脂層におけるポリビニルアセタール100質量部に対する可塑剤の含有量と異なることを特徴とする請求項3記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 遮音層が2層の保護層の間に積層された合わせガラス用中間膜であって、
前記遮音層は、ポリビニルアセタール100質量部に対して可塑剤を45~80質量部含有し、前記保護層は、ポリビニルアセタール100質量部に対して可塑剤を20~45質量部含有し、
前記保護層の少なくとも一方の表面に、多数の凹部と多数の凸部とを有し、前記凹部は、底部が連続した溝形状を有し、隣接する前記凹部が平行して規則的に並列しており、
前記保護層の多数の凹部と多数の凸部とを有する表面は、JIS B-0601(1994)に準拠して測定される凹部の溝深さ(Rzg)が10~40μmであり、かつ、隣接する前記凹部の間隔が1000~1500μmである
ことを特徴とする合わせガラス用中間膜。 - 請求項1、2、3、4、5又は6記載の合わせガラス用中間膜が、一対のガラス板の間に積層されていることを特徴とする合わせガラス。
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EP3029002A1 (en) | 2016-06-08 |
MX2016001067A (es) | 2017-07-27 |
US20160101602A1 (en) | 2016-04-14 |
EP3029002A4 (en) | 2017-03-22 |
CN105358503A (zh) | 2016-02-24 |
RU2016107171A (ru) | 2017-09-04 |
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