WO2015006915A1 - 适用于高层和超高层建筑火灾扑救的消防车 - Google Patents

适用于高层和超高层建筑火灾扑救的消防车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015006915A1
WO2015006915A1 PCT/CN2013/079451 CN2013079451W WO2015006915A1 WO 2015006915 A1 WO2015006915 A1 WO 2015006915A1 CN 2013079451 W CN2013079451 W CN 2013079451W WO 2015006915 A1 WO2015006915 A1 WO 2015006915A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fire
launch
module
rise
angle
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2013/079451
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
邱旭阳
申研
韩书永
刘浩
秦渊
张学文
Original Assignee
北京机械设备研究所
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 北京机械设备研究所 filed Critical 北京机械设备研究所
Priority to EP13889601.4A priority Critical patent/EP3023126B1/en
Priority to CN201380004041.1A priority patent/CN103958004B/zh
Priority to US14/905,665 priority patent/US9566459B2/en
Priority to JP2016526388A priority patent/JP6159886B2/ja
Priority to PCT/CN2013/079451 priority patent/WO2015006915A1/zh
Publication of WO2015006915A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015006915A1/zh

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62CFIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/02Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires
    • A62C3/0228Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires with delivery of fire extinguishing material by air or aircraft
    • A62C3/025Fire extinguishing bombs; Projectiles and launchers therefor
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G25/00Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
    • A01G25/16Control of watering
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62CFIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C27/00Fire-fighting land vehicles
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62CFIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62CFIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C31/00Delivery of fire-extinguishing material
    • A62C31/28Accessories for delivery devices, e.g. supports
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62CFIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C37/00Control of fire-fighting equipment
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62CFIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C8/00Hand tools or accessories specially adapted for fire-fighting, e.g. tool boxes
    • A62C8/005Receptacles or other utensils for water carrying; Bombs filled with extinguishing agents
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/2025Particular purposes of control systems not otherwise provided for
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42BEXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/46Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing gases, vapours, powders or chemically-reactive substances
    • F42B12/50Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing gases, vapours, powders or chemically-reactive substances by dispersion
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/02Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
    • G01S17/06Systems determining position data of a target
    • G01S17/08Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/88Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of fire protection, in particular to a fire-fighting vehicle suitable for high-rise and super high-rise building fire rescue. Background technique
  • High-rise buildings Buildings with a height greater than 10 or more than 24 meters are called high-rise buildings. Buildings with a height of more than 100 meters are called super-tall buildings. High-rise and super-high-rise buildings have always been a problem in the fire protection field. Existing fire-fighting equipment at home and abroad is difficult to meet the fire-fighting requirements of high-rise buildings, especially super-high-rise buildings, due to limited fire-extinguishing, difficult to deploy, and expensive.
  • High-rise, super high-rise building fires generally use high-rise fire trucks and ladder fire trucks.
  • the world's highest fire truck is the Finnish Bolangtao fire truck, including: truck chassis, lifting device, electrical system.
  • the fire truck lifts at a height of 101 meters and delivers water in low, medium and high areas. The water delivery height is only about 160 meters.
  • the fire truck is about 8 meters wide, with a length of 17.1 3 meters and a driving height of 4 meters.
  • the total mass is 60. 2 tons. It cannot be deployed quickly in many densely populated areas and narrow streets.
  • the import price of the fire-fighting vehicle is as high as 22 million yuan, which is unaffordable in most cities in China. Currently, only a few cities such as Beijing, Shanghai and Hangzhou are equipped.
  • the high-rise building fire-extinguishing system is designed for the rapid development of fire-fighting in high-rise buildings and super high-rise buildings in urban environments in China. It can be deployed quickly on ordinary roads in urban environments, with high efficiency, large-area or high-rise buildings.
  • a special fire-fighting system for fires that uses firearms to fire targets.
  • the accuracy of fire-fighting bombs determines the overall fire-fighting efficiency of fire-fighting systems in high-rise buildings.
  • the existing method of solving the fire-fighting trajectory does not use the accurate method of ballistic solution.
  • the firefighters realize the problem of low-level accuracy according to the visual judgment and actual experience of the fire on the scene, and “blind hair” to a specific area.
  • the device In the high-rise, super high-rise building fire rescue, in order to complete the all-weather close-range target detection, some fire engines are equipped with a target (fire source) detection device. Since the device uses a fixed-focus camera as a scope, the device has a number of fields of view. Less, the magnification ratio cannot be adjusted according to the size of the target, and the shortcoming of image fusion of infrared and white light cannot be completed.
  • fire extinguishing bombs In addition, in the prior art in which fire extinguishing bombs are used for fire rescue, fire extinguishing bombs generally adopt a central bursting method, and when fire extinguishing agents are sprayed, a large number of killing fragments are generated, which are destructive, and such fire extinguishing bombs are used. It is suitable for forests, oil tanks, etc., which are far away from densely populated areas. It is not suitable for fire fighting in high-rise and super high-rise buildings under urban environmental conditions. Summary of the invention
  • the inventors of the present application have made the present invention in consideration of the above circumstances of the prior art.
  • the main object of the present invention is to provide a fire truck suitable for high-rise and super high-rise building fire rescue, to solve the problem that the existing fire fighting equipment has limited fire extinguishing, difficult to deploy, and difficult to meet the needs of high-rise and super high-rise building fire rescue. .
  • a fire truck suitable for high-rise and super high-rise building fire rescue including: a vehicle chassis (1), an accusation device (2), a control device (3), and an equipment cabin ( 4), a launching device (5), a projectile device (6), a fire extinguishing bomb (7), a turret control device (8), a photoelectric detecting device (9), wherein the accusation device (2), the control device (3) Placed in the copilot position of the cab of the vehicle chassis (1),
  • the equipment compartment (4) is placed behind the cab and bolted to the vehicle chassis (1).
  • the launching device (5) is placed on the vehicle chassis (1) and fixed by screws.
  • the projecting device (6) is placed on the launching device (5) and fixed.
  • the fire extinguisher (7) is placed in the projectile (6),
  • the turret control device (8) is distributed on the vehicle chassis and the launching device for completing the car body leveling and controlling the launching device action.
  • the photodetection device (9) is placed under the launcher (5) and screwed,
  • the photoelectric detecting device (9) comprises: a mounting shell, a power supply, a zoom white light camera, an infrared camera, a laser range finder, and an integrated processing unit.
  • the zoom white light camera is connected to the mounting shell by screws, and the infrared camera is connected to the mounting shell by screws.
  • the laser range finder is connected to the mounting shell by screws, and the power supply interface of the zoom white light camera is connected with the power source through the wire, and the power supply interface of the infrared camera The power supply interface of the laser range finder is connected to the power source through a wire, and the data interface of the zoom white light camera is connected to the integrated processing unit through a wire, and the data interface of the infrared camera is connected to the integrated processing unit through a wire, the laser range finder The data interface is connected to the integrated processing unit via wires.
  • the embodiment of the present invention has the following main advantages: by adjusting the fire-fighting projectile launching pitch angle and launching speed, and combining the rising section ballistic data to perform shooting element solving (fire-fighting project launch angle calculation), the rescue of high-rise and super high-rise building fires,
  • the fire extinguishing height is high, the precision is high, the cost is low, and the reaction time is short.
  • the GM chassis is adopted, which has the characteristics of quick maneuver deployment, and is suitable for fire extinguishing in high-rise buildings and super high-rise buildings in urban environments, and solves the problem that the current stage cannot be based on the target.
  • the size is adjusted to enlarge the magnification, and the problem of image fusion of infrared and white light cannot be completed.
  • FIG. 1 is a fire truck suitable for high-rise and super high-rise building fire rescue according to an embodiment of the present invention. Schematic diagram of the structure
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a cab of a fire truck suitable for high-rise and super high-rise building fire rescue according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of an equipment bay of a fire truck suitable for high-rise and super high-rise building fire rescue according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a control device for a fire truck suitable for high-rise and super high-rise building fire rescue according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of a projectile for a fire engine of a high-rise and super high-rise building fire rescue according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a fire extinguisher suitable for a fire truck of a high-rise and super high-rise building fire rescue according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a servo control device for a fire truck suitable for high-rise and super high-rise building fire rescue according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a photoelectric detecting device suitable for a fire truck of a high-rise and super high-rise building fire rescue according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of functional modules of an integrated processing unit of a photoelectric detecting device of a fire truck suitable for high-rise and super high-rise building fire rescue according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 10 is a flow chart showing the operation of target detection (position detection) of a photoelectric detecting device of a fire truck suitable for high-rise and super high-rise building fire rescue according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view of a fire extinguisher assembly and turret system of a fire truck suitable for high-rise and super high-rise building fire rescue according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 12 is a flow chart showing the operation of a photoelectric detecting apparatus for a fire engine of a high-rise and super high-rise building fire rescue according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 4-1 Generator set
  • 4-2 Power supply and power rejection
  • 4-3 Servo control device
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a fire truck suitable for use in high-rise and super high-rise building fire rescues in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a fire truck suitable for high-rise and super high-rise building fire rescue including: vehicle chassis 1, accusation (command control) equipment 2, control (launch control) equipment 3, equipment compartment 4, The transmitting device 5, the projecting device 6, the fire extinguishing bomb 7, the turret control device 8, and the photodetecting device 9.
  • the accusation device 2, the control device 3 is placed in the co-pilot position of the cab of the vehicle chassis 1; the equipment compartment 4 is placed behind the cab and bolted to the chassis 1; the launching device 5 is placed in the chassis of the vehicle 1 is fixed by screws; the projecting device 6 is placed on the launching device 5 and fixed; the fire extinguishing ball 7 is placed in the projecting device 6; the turret control device 8 is distributed on the vehicle chassis and the launching device for completing the car body leveling and The action of the transmitting device is controlled; the photodetecting device 9 is placed under the launching device 5 and fixed by screws.
  • the vehicle chassis 1 consists of a universal modified chassis and a sub-frame.
  • the sub-frame can realize the functions of connecting the equipment room, the launching device and other related products with the chassis, and is a key component for the generalization and portability of the fire-fighting vehicle loading equipment.
  • the accusation device 2 includes a display console 2-1, an information processor 2-2, and a communication device 2-3.
  • the display console 2-1 can be made of sheet metal and installed in the co-pilot position.
  • the display console 2-1 can be provided with a launching safety switch, a display, an operation button, an indicator light, a control handle, a panoramic camera, and the like.
  • the information processor 2-2 is connected to the display console 2-1 and the communication device 2-3.
  • Communication equipment 2-3 is used for communication between the operator and the fire alarm (119) command and control center.
  • the information processor 2-2 includes functional modules such as an integrated management control module, a ballistic solution module, and a communication module.
  • the control device 3 is composed of a control execution component 3-1 and a fire extinguisher simulator 3-2.
  • the control execution component 3-1 switches the control command and outputs the control device to the transmitting device 5, which receives the command from the information processor and completes the fire control task of the fire extinguisher.
  • the fire-fighting bomb simulator 3-2 can be used during the training phase of the fire-fighting vehicle to simulate the fire-fighting projectile signal and the fire-fighting projectile launch signal.
  • the equipment compartment 4 is internally composed of generator set 4-1, power supply and distribution rejection 4-2, servo control unit 4-3, etc., and the communication antenna is externally installed.
  • the generator set can be composed of a diesel engine, a generator, a body bracket and a battery.
  • the total power supply is not small 7. 3kW.
  • the diesel engine is the power source of the generator set, and the generator is an energy conversion device, which converts the mechanical energy outputted by the diesel engine into electric energy, and the battery provides a DC control power source for the generator set.
  • the generator set has a separate fuel tank.
  • the power supply and distribution equipment is fixedly installed on the right side of the equipment compartment. It mainly completes the switching operation of diesel generator sets and mains, display of electrical parameters, power distribution and protection functions.
  • the transmitting device 5 is composed of a transmitting turret 5-1, a launching bracket 5-2, and a module assembling frame 5-3.
  • the inner center of the structure of the transmitting turret 5-1 is taken by the cable.
  • the launch bracket 5-2 is used to support the module assembly frame, with a quick loading module assembly frame 5-3 and orientation during launch.
  • the mechanism not only realizes the locking and unlocking of the module assembly frame 5-3, but also cooperates with the legs on the module assembly frame 5-3 to determine the initial orientation.
  • the projecting device 6 mainly includes a projecting cylinder, a power unit, a balance body, and the like. Put a fire extinguisher inside the projectile, Powerplant and balance body.
  • the projectile adopts "limited space” balanced launch technology, featuring smokeless, matt, micro-sounding and recoilless.
  • the fire extinguishing bomb 7 includes: a casing 7-4, a fuse 7-6, an igniter 7-3, a fire extinguishing agent 7_9, a main charge 7-10, a tail fin speed reducing section 7-1, a combustion chamber 7-8, a stopper plate 7 - 2, Piston 7-7, fairing 7-5.
  • the housing 7-4, the empennage deceleration section 7-1 and the piston 7-7 may be of a lightweight metal material, the housing 7-4 is cylindrical, and the empennage deceleration section 7-1 is placed at the bottom of the housing 7-4 and The housing 7-4 is fixed by screws, the stopper plate 7-2 is placed above the tail speed reduction section 7-1, and the combustion chamber 7-8 is placed above the stopper plate 7-2 and screwed to the stopper plate 7-2.
  • the combustion chamber 7-8 is fixed to the housing 7-4 by screws.
  • the piston 7-7 is placed on the combustion chamber 7-8, the outer diameter of the piston 7_7 is matched with the inner diameter of the housing 7-4, the center of the piston 7-7 has a through hole, and the igniter 7-3 is placed at the piston 7-7.
  • the through hole is screwed to the combustion chamber 7-8, and the main charge 7-10 is placed in the combustion chamber 7_8.
  • Extinguishing agent 7-9 is placed in the cavity in the upper portion of piston 7-7 and fills the entire cavity, and fairing 7-5 is placed on top of housing 7-4 and pinned to housing 7-4, fairing 7-
  • the surface of 5 has a spray hole, and the fuse 7-6 is placed on the fairing 7-5 and fixed by screws.
  • the fuse 7-6 detects that the fire-fighting bomb is 5-10 meters away from the fire source, and transmits the ignition signal to the igniter 7-3.
  • the igniter 7-3 ignites the main assembly in the combustion chamber 7-8.
  • Medicine 7-10 the main charge 7-10 burns to generate high pressure, the high pressure pushes the piston 7-7 to move in the housing 7-4, and the fire extinguishing agent 7-9 is squeezed to connect the fairing 7-5 to the housing 7-4.
  • the turret control device 8 is composed of a turret servo device and a vehicle body leveling device.
  • the turret servo device includes a control computer, a servo control unit, an azimuth motor, a pitch motor, an azimuth readout component, a pitch readout component, an azimuth servo mechanism, a slewing bearing, and the like, and the control computer is equipped with a servo control module, and the orientation read Both the component and the orientation servo are meshed with the external teeth of the slewing bearing.
  • the vehicle body leveling equipment is leveled by a servo electric cylinder, and the four servo electric cylinder supporting legs are respectively mounted on the sub-frame of the chassis of the car, and the servo electric cylinders of each supporting leg are driven by one motor.
  • the leveling device can be manually removed without the information processor control.
  • the leveling device consists of a leveling actuator, a leveling control component, a horizontal angle measuring component, and a leveling control module.
  • Four of the power drivers and control computers are integrated in the leveling control machine, and the leveling control machine is rejected in the equipment control cabin.
  • the horizontal angle measuring component uses a tilt sensor as the level detecting component of the leveling device.
  • the level sensor feeds back the level of the car body during the leveling process of the fire truck.
  • a horizontal sensor is the main level sensor, and the horizontal and vertical horizontality of the vehicle body is based on the reading of the horizontal sensor, and is mounted on the mounting surface of the chassis rotating trunnion beam; the other horizontal sensor is the auxiliary level sensor, and the front leveling is installed.
  • the feedback head On the oil rainbow beam, during the leveling process, the feedback head The horizontal level of the direction can avoid the tilting of the front of the fire truck during the leveling process.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of a photodetection device 9 suitable for use in high-rise and super-tall building fire rescue fire trucks in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the photodetection device 9 includes: a mounting housing, a power source, a zoom white light camera, an infrared camera, a laser range finder, and an integrated processing unit.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic illustration of the functional modules of an integrated processing unit for a photovoltaic device of a fire truck suitable for high-rise and super high-rise building fire rescue, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the integrated processing unit includes a comprehensive scheduling module, a data storage module, a function self-test module, a zoom control module, a data compensation module, an image fusion module, an image comparison module, and an angle solving module.
  • the zoom white light camera can adjust the focal length according to the distance and size of the fire source during the search process, and the position of the fire source can be determined accurately.
  • the zoom white light camera is connected to the mounting shell by screws, and the infrared camera is connected to the mounting shell by screws.
  • the laser range finder is connected to the mounting shell by screws, and the power supply interface of the zoom white light camera is connected with the power source through the wire, and the power supply interface of the infrared camera The power supply interface of the laser range finder is connected to the power source through a wire, and the data interface of the zoom white light camera is connected to the integrated processing unit through a wire, and the data interface of the infrared camera is connected to the integrated processing unit through a wire, the laser range finder The data interface is connected to the integrated processing unit via wires.
  • FIG 10 is a flow chart showing the operation of the target detection (position detection) of the photoelectric detecting device 9 of a fire truck suitable for high-rise and super high-rise building fire rescue according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the photoelectric detection device performs target detection (fire source point aiming) mainly includes the following steps:
  • First step (optional): White light axis, infrared axis and laser axis calibration
  • the photodetecting device 9 may need to perform a white light optical axis, an infrared optical axis, and a laser optical axis calibration before use (for example, in the case where the photodetecting device 9 is not used for a long time, the current reference optical axis and the above three optical axes Inconsistent, ie, the calibration of the infrared optical axis, the laser optical axis and the white optical axis at maximum magnification (consistent calibration), adjusting the mounting axis of the zoom white light camera, infrared camera, laser rangefinder,
  • the optical axes of the white optical axis, the infrared optical axis, and the laser optical axis at the maximum magnification are within ⁇ 20 ⁇ of the mounting housing reference surface, and it is considered that the above three optical axes satisfy the requirements of mutual consistency.
  • the mounting brackets of the zoom white light camera, the infrared camera, and the laser range finder are respectively fixed on the mounting housing, and the
  • Step 2 (optional): White light zoom optical axis deviation detection
  • the photodetection device 9 may need to perform white light zoom optical axis deviation detection before use (for example, in the case where the photodetection device 9 is not used for a long time), that is, zoom adjustment from the lowest magnification to the highest magnification in turn, detecting the zoom
  • the amount of deviation of the white light axis of the white light camera at different magnifications relative to the white light axis (reference optical axis) at the maximum magnification eg, the current optical axis is relative to the reference
  • the deviation angle of the three directions of the optical axis), and the deviation amount is stored in the data storage module.
  • Step 3 Power-on self-test and port configuration (device initialization)
  • Photoelectric detection equipment 9 Start the power supply, power on the equipment, and zoom the white light camera, infrared camera, laser range finder, and integrated processing unit.
  • the function self-test module performs self-test and initialization on the zoom white light camera, infrared camera, laser range finder and integrated processing module, and performs port communication state configuration after initialization.
  • Step 4 Aiming at the target and zoom control
  • the photodetection device 9 is aimed at the target (fire source). Specifically, using the turret to rotate the photodetection device 9 so that the target appears in the field of view of the zoom white light camera (displayed on the display screen of the system), the zoom control module controls the magnification of the zoom white light camera, and the target to be targeted is displayed on the display screen. Centered (the target center of the target ranging image is aligned with the target point), and the height is adjusted to 3 / 4 of the entire screen height on the display (other ratios can be used as long as they are fully displayed and meet the clarity requirements) .
  • Step 5 Optical Axis Compensation
  • the data compensation module reads the optical axis deviation amount in the data storage module according to the current magnification of the zoom white camera (magnification magnification after aiming and zoom control), and performs data compensation. That is, according to the optical axis deviation amount at the current magnification, the angle of the photodetecting device 9 is finely adjusted so that the white optical axis at the current magnification coincides with the reference optical axis (ie, the new center point after the target ranging image data is compensated) Align the target point).
  • Step 6 (optional): Image fusion
  • the integrated scheduling module reads the image of the aiming and zooming control of the zoom white light camera, and the image of the infrared camera, and then The image fusion module performs image fusion processing. That is, the image of the infrared camera is enlarged or reduced to a magnification corresponding to the image of the aiming and zooming control of the zoom white camera (the target size is coincident and simultaneously centered in the two images), and the image is cropped.
  • the two images to be merged have the same number of horizontal and vertical pixels, and the two images are fused (can be realized by various methods, for example, averaging with the pixel gray scale, etc.), and the fused image is obtained.
  • Step 7 (optional): Image comparison selection
  • the image contrast module is for the image of the white light camera, the image of the infrared camera (in the case of obtaining the target image through the infrared camera, and correspondingly zooming in or out), or the above-mentioned merged image (in the case of obtaining the target image through the infrared camera)
  • the sharpness of the contrast is compared (for example, image sharpness contrast can be achieved by using an image processing algorithm that emphasizes the edges by image filtering, and the overall sharpness of the image is determined from the gradient reflected by the pixels of the image at each edge), determining the selection The image required for target ranging.
  • Step 8 Laser ranging
  • the laser range finder performs laser ranging for multiple times (for example, 5 times), after which the integrated scheduling module can After removing the maximum and minimum values for the distance of 5 measurements, the three data at the intermediate value are averaged, and the average value is taken as the target slant range. Thereby the search and measurement of the target by the detecting device is completed.
  • the angle solving module is used to solve the ballistic solution angle (emission angle information) of the fire extinguishing bomb.
  • the data compensation module is also used to record the camshaft deviation and perform data compensation.
  • Figure 12 is a flow chart showing the operation of a fire-fighting trajectory solution of a photoelectric detecting device of a fire-fighting vehicle suitable for high-rise and super high-rise building fire rescue according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the photodetection device obtains the oblique line distance L from the target fire source to the fire extinguishing bomb, and the turret system returns the pitch angle ⁇ and the azimuth angle of the target relative to the turret to the integrated dispatching module. ⁇ (For example, the azimuth of the center of the turret can be taken as 0), and the photodetection equipment performs the blasting of the fire blasting ball to solve the firing angle information of the fire extinguishing bomb.
  • the solving module solves the projectile pitch angle ⁇ and the launch azimuth angle according to the target slanting distance L and the target pitch angle ⁇ , the target azimuth angle ,, so that the projectile launch angle is ⁇ , the launch azimuth ⁇
  • the azimuth of the launch can be taken as the azimuth of the center of the turret, for example 0), and it can hit the target.
  • the first step (optional): The position and axis of the fire extinguishers of different positions (for example, the 24 positions shown in Figure 11) are slightly different, and the various positions of the fire-fighting bomb assembly frame and the detection device are calibrated. The left and right position deviation and the up and down position deviation of the axis, and the heading (azimuth) deviation angle and the pitch deviation angle, and the four deviation data are recorded in the data compensation module.
  • Step 2 The angle solving module obtains the height information of the target fire source relative to the fire extinguishing bomb and the horizontal distance of the target distance launching point according to the oblique line distance and the elevation angle of the target.
  • the solution formula is as follows:
  • is the pitch angle of the fire-fighting bomb assembly
  • L is the oblique line distance from the fire-fighting missile assembly to the target
  • hO is the height information of the target fire source relative to the fire-fighting projectile
  • the third step the angle solving module solves the fire-blasting angle of the fire-fighting projectile.
  • _ ⁇ (H)
  • the input is the flight parameters of the fire extinguisher at a certain time, including: speed, ballistic inclination, ballistic declination, yaw rate, pitch rate, pitch angle, and deviation.
  • the increment (dx/dt) of the above 11 parameters at this time is output.
  • the main input and output parameters are shown in the table below.
  • m is the mass of the projectile
  • g is the acceleration of gravity
  • q is the dynamic pressure
  • C A is the axial force coefficient
  • S M is the reference area
  • ( ⁇ is the normal force coefficient
  • is the synthetic angle of attack
  • J Y1 is the winding
  • J ZY1 is the moment of inertia around the Z-axis of the projectile
  • 1 is the full-elastic reference length
  • ⁇ 1 is the length from the centroid to the core.
  • the initial pitch angle ⁇ 0 of the iteration is the target pitch angle ⁇
  • the convergence pitch angle is continuously corrected by comparing the relationship between the ballistic height H at the target X axial distance (ie, the horizontal distance d) and the target height hO. In order to finally get the result of being able to hit the target.
  • Step 4 Data compensation module for error compensation
  • the full trajectory parameter is determined by the detection device as the position and orientation reference calculation.
  • the accusation computer compensates to eliminate the four deviation data of the position and angle of the fire extinguishing bomb due to the different position of the firearm, thus determining the launching station on a certain unit. Need a pitch angle.
  • the first step the personnel are in place and the vehicle starts to start.
  • Step 2 Start the generator set, and power on each device.
  • Step 3 Choose a working mode, park at the right place
  • the driver controls the fire truck to stop.
  • the driver gets off the vehicle and is responsible for observing the safety distance of the fire truck and communicating with the operator in time.
  • Step 4 Leveling and unfolding, aiming at the fire target 1)
  • the operator turns the console "leveling control” knob to the “expanded” position, the fire extinguisher automatically leveles and unfolds, and the "expand” indicator flashes during the leveling process.
  • the console "expand” indicator lights up.
  • the display interface "Leveling Control” column “Expand” light changes to "Green";
  • Step 5 Measure the target position, solve the shooting elements (ie, the launch angle)
  • the button on the operator control handle measures the fire target position parameter, and the "target position" column displays the target "distance” and "height", data;
  • the actual fire point is point B. Since point B does not meet the accuracy requirements of the laser range finder, use the aiming point B.
  • the A point is used for ranging, and the position change between the two points A and B is performed, and the distance data of the point A is converted to the distance data of the point B, and the shooting metadata of the point B is calculated.
  • the command and control device 4 automatically solves the shooting elements according to the target data, and at the same time judges whether the solution result is valid (whether the azimuth and elevation angle are within the limited range), and the effective calculation result is displayed in the "emission angle" column. .
  • Step 6 Launch mode selection, launch insurance to unlock
  • Step 7 Transfer the launch turret, fire the fire bomb
  • Step 8 Fire bomb launch
  • the emission control device gives an ignition timing signal
  • the ignition timing signal is sent to the launcher igniter through the module cable box; 3) The launcher emits a drug to ignite, and the fire extinguisher has a certain initial velocity to launch the cylinder
  • Step 9 Delay the timing of gunpowder self-destruction
  • Delayed gunpowder starts self-destruction delay under the effect of launching impact overload. After the delay time expires, the delay gunpowder control fire extinguisher opens the umbrella and sprays the fire extinguishing agent at the same time, and the fire extinguisher self-destructs.
  • the tenth step of the start of the fuse is divided into two small steps:
  • Step 10-1 Fuze Insurance Release, Function Startup
  • the fuse circuit works, and the self-destruction delay is started.
  • the fuse and the delayed gun are connected in parallel with the main charge of the fire extinguisher to improve the self-destructive reliability of the fire extinguisher.
  • the fuse controls the fire extinguisher to open the umbrella and spray the fire extinguishing agent at the same time, and the fire extinguisher self-destructs.
  • Step 10-2 Fuze trigger
  • the fuse or the delayed gunpowder gives the ignition signal, and the fire extinguisher receives the ignition signal and simultaneously sprays the extinguishing agent to open the parachute to decelerate.
  • the functions of the fuze are set as follows:
  • the fuze mainly applies the near-explosion trigger function
  • the fuze bombing function is used as a supplement to the failure of the near-explosive function to ensure that the fire-fighting projectile is fired in a timely manner after it reaches the fire area;
  • the self-destruct function of the fuze is to force the ignition signal to be given when the fire-fighting projectile does not meet the requirements of the near-explosion, the triggering condition, or the near-explosion or the bombing function, so as to prevent the fire-fighting bomb from carrying the pyrotechnics freely. , causing harm to personnel and equipment or residual pyrotechnics on fire-fighting bombs, resulting in recycling risks.
  • Step 11 Firefighting action
  • the fire extinguisher deceleration umbrella has a deceleration condition before the fire extinguisher enters the room.
  • the deceleration bomb can not affect the fire trajectory before entering the room;
  • the fire extinguishing bomb shall continue to spray the fire extinguishing agent during the action of the deceleration umbrella.
  • the total time of the deceleration umbrella in the inflating time and the fire extinguishing agent shall not exceed 30. /».
  • Step 12 Delayed gunpowder self-destruction trigger
  • the delayed gun self-destruct function has the same function as the fuse self-destruction, but the two are installed independently and do not interfere with each other.
  • the purpose is to improve the safety of fire-fighting bombs under abnormal working conditions. At the same time, it can also be used for the supplementary fire extinguishing function after the fire bomb enters the indoor fuze.
  • the self-destruction ignition signal is automatically forcibly given
  • the fire extinguisher After the fire extinguisher receives the ignition signal, it simultaneously triggers the work of the payload section and the safety deceleration section, spraying the fire extinguishing agent in the effective load section, and opening the parachute in the safety deceleration section.
  • Step 13 System is withdrawn, equipment is powered off
  • Step 14 The vehicle returns to flameout, the person gets off

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种适用于高层和超高层建筑火灾朴救的消防车,包括:载车底盘(1)、指控设备(2)、发控设备(3)、设备舱(4)、发射装置(5)、抛射装置(6)、灭火弹(7)、转塔控制装置(8)、光电探测设备(9),其中,指控设备(2)、发控设备(3)置于载车底盘(1)的驾驶室的副驾驶位置,设备舱(4)置于驾驶室后并用螺栓固定于载车底盘(1)上,发射装置(5)置于载车底盘(1)上并用螺钉固定,抛射装置(6)置于发射装置(5)上并固定,灭火弹(7)置于抛射装置(6)中,转塔控制装置(8)分布在载车底盘和发射装置上,用于完成车体调平和控制发射装置动作。

Description

适用于高层和超高层建筑火灾朴救的消防车 技术领域
本发明涉及消防领域,具体涉及一种适用于高层和超高层建筑火灾朴救的消 防车。 背景技术
高度大于 10层或者大于 24米的建筑被称为高层建筑,高度大于 100米的建 筑称之为超高层建筑, 高层和超高层建筑火灾朴救一直是消防领域的难题。 国内 外现有的消防装备由于灭火高度有限、 机动部署困难、 价格昂贵, 难以满足高层 尤其是超高层建筑消防灭火的需求。
高层、 超高层建筑火灾朴救一般采用举高消防车和云梯消防车, 目前, 世界 最高的消防车是芬兰的博浪涛消防车, 包括: 载车底盘、 举升装置、 电气系统。 该消防车举升高度为 101米, 分低、 中、 高区接力送水, 送水高度最高仅 160米 左右。 该消防车工作展开状态宽约 8 米, 车长 17. 1 3 米, 行车高度 4米, 总质 量 60. 2 吨, 在很多楼宇密集区域和街道稍窄的地方无法快速部署。 另外, 该消 防车进口价格高达 2200万元,国内多数城市消防部门无法承受,目前只有北京、 上海、 杭州等少数城市装备。
高层楼宇灭火系统是针对我国城市环境下高层、超高层建筑物消防灭火的严 峻形势研制的一种可在城市环境普通路面快速机动部署, 具备高效率、 大面积朴 灭或压制高层、超高层建筑火灾的特种消防灭火系统, 其采用向火源目标投放灭 火弹的方式。 灭火弹的投放精度决定着高层楼宇灭火系统整体灭火效率。现有的 灭火弹弹道解算方法并未使用精确的弹道解算方式,消防队员根据现场火情的目 测判断和实战经验实现, 向特定区域 "盲发", 存在命中精度不高的问题。 在高 层、 超高层建筑火灾朴救时, 为了完成全天候近距离目标探测, 部分消防车配置 有目标(火源)探测装置, 由于该装置采用定焦摄像头作为瞄准镜, 该装置存在 视场选择数目少、 不能根据目标的大小调节放大比例、且不能完成红外和白光的 图像融合的缺点。
此外, 在采用灭火弹方式进行火灾朴救的现有技术中, 灭火弹一般采用中心 爆管的方式, 喷洒灭火剂的同时会产生大量的杀伤破片, 带有一定的破坏性, 这 类灭火弹适用于森林、油罐等远离人口密集的区域, 不适用于城市环境条件下高 层、 超高层建筑灭火。 发明内容
本申请的发明人考虑到现有技术的上述情况而作出了本发明。本发明的主要 目的在于,提供一种适用于高层和超高层建筑火灾朴救的消防车, 解决现有消防 装备灭火高度有限、机动部署困难、难以满足高层和超高层建筑火灾朴救需求的 问题。
根据本发明的实施例,提供了一种适用于高层和超高层建筑火灾朴救的消防 车, 包括: 载车底盘( 1 )、 指控设备 ( 2 )、 发控设备 ( 3 )、 设备舱 ( 4 )、 发射装 置 (5 )、 抛射装置 (6 )、 灭火弹(7 )、 转塔控制装置 (8 )、 光电探测设备(9 ), 其中, 指控设备 ( 2 )、 发控设备 ( 3 )置于载车底盘( 1 )的驾驶室的副驾驶 位置,
设备舱 ( 4 )置于驾驶室后并用螺栓固定于载车底盘(1 )上,
发射装置 ( 5 )置于载车底盘( 1 )上并用螺钉固定,
抛射装置 (6 )置于发射装置 (5 )上并固定,
灭火弹( 7 )置于抛射装置 ( 6 ) 中,
转塔控制装置 (8 )分布在载车底盘和发射装置上, 用于完成车体调平和控 制发射装置动作,
光电探测设备 ( 9 )置于发射装置 (5 ) 下方并用螺钉固定,
其中, 光电探测设备(9 ) 包括: 安装壳体、 电源、 变焦白光摄像头、 红外 摄像头、 激光测距机、 综合处理单元,
变焦白光摄像头通过螺钉与安装壳体连接,红外摄像头通过螺钉与安装壳体 连接, 激光测距机通过螺钉与安装壳体连接, 变焦白光摄像头的供电接口通过导 线与电源连接, 红外摄像头的供电接口通过导线与电源连接, 激光测距机的供电 接口通过导线与电源连接,变焦白光摄像头的数据接口通过导线与综合处理单元 连接, 红外摄像头的数据接口通过导线与综合处理单元连接, 激光测距机的数据 接口通过导线与综合处理单元连接。
本发明的实施例具有以下主要优点:通过调节灭火弹发射俯仰角度和发射速 度, 并结合上升段弹道数据进行射击诸元解算(灭火弹发射角度计算)朴救高层 和超高层建筑火灾, 具有灭火高度高, 精度高, 成本低, 反应时间短的优点, 同 时采用通用汽车底盘, 具有机动部署快的特点, 适合在城市环境高层和超高层建 筑消防灭火使用, 解决了现阶段不能根据目标的大小调节放大比例, 且不能完成 红外和白光的图像融合的问题。 附图说明
图 1 是根据本发明的实施例的适用于高层和超高层建筑火灾朴救的消防车 的结构示意图;
图 2 是根据本发明的实施例的适用于高层和超高层建筑火灾朴救的消防车 的驾驶室的结构示意图;
图 3 是根据本发明的实施例的适用于高层和超高层建筑火灾朴救的消防车 的设备舱的结构示意图;
图 4 是根据本发明的实施例的适用于高层和超高层建筑火灾朴救的消防车 的发控装置的结构示意图;
图 5 是根据本发明的实施例的适用于高层和超高层建筑火灾朴救的消防车 的抛射装置的结构示意图;
图 6 是根据本发明的实施例的适用于高层和超高层建筑火灾朴救的消防车 的灭火弹的结构示意图;
图 7 是根据本发明的实施例的适用于高层和超高层建筑火灾朴救的消防车 的伺月艮控制装置的结构示意图;
图 8 是根据本发明的实施例的适用于高层和超高层建筑火灾朴救的消防车 的光电探测设备的结构示意图;
图 9 是根据本发明的实施例的适用于高层和超高层建筑火灾朴救的消防车 的光电探测设备的综合处理单元的功能模块的示意图;
图 10是根据本发明的实施例的适用于高层和超高层建筑火灾朴救的消防车 的光电探测设备的目标探测 (位置探测) 的工作流程图;
图 11是根据本发明的实施例的适用于高层和超高层建筑火灾朴救的消防车 的灭火弹组装架及转塔系统的示意图;
图 12是根据本发明的实施例的适用于高层和超高层建筑火灾朴救的消防车 的光电探测设备的工作流程图。
附图标记说明
1: 载车底盘; 2: 指控设备; 3: 发控设备; 4: 设备舱; 5: 发射装置; 6: 抛射装置; 7: 灭火弹; 8: 转塔控制装置; 9: 光电探测设备;
2-1: 显控台; 1-1: 信息处理机; 2-3: 通信设备; 3-1: 发控执行组件; 3-2: 灭火弹模拟器;
4-1: 发电机组; 4-2: 供配电拒; 4-3: 伺服控制装置;
5-1: 发射转塔; 5-2: 发射托架; 5-3: 模块组装架
7-1: 尾翼减速段; 7-2: 挡药板; 7-3: 点火器; 7-4: 壳体; 7-5: 整流罩; 7-6: 引信; 7-7: 活塞; 7-8: 燃烧室; 7-9: 灭火剂; 7-10: 主装药 具体实施方式 下面参照附图来说明本发明的具体实施方式。
图 1 是根据本发明的实施例的适用于高层和超高层建筑火灾朴救的消防车 的示意图。如图 1所示,一种适用于高层和超高层建筑火灾朴救的消防车,包括: 载车底盘 1、 指控(指挥控制)设备 2、 发控(发射控制)设备 3、 设备舱 4、 发 射装置 5、 抛射装置 6、 灭火弹 7、 转塔控制装置 8、 光电探测设备 9。
其中, 指控设备 2、 发控设备 3置于载车底盘 1的驾驶室的副驾驶位置; 设 备舱 4置于驾驶室后并用螺栓固定于载车底盘 1上; 发射装置 5置于载车底盘 1 上并用螺钉固定; 抛射装置 6置于发射装置 5上并固定; 灭火弹 7置于抛射装置 6中; 转塔控制装置 8分布在载车底盘和发射装置上, 用于完成车体调平和控制 发射装置动作; 光电探测设备 9置于发射装置 5下方并用螺钉固定。
载车底盘 1由通用改装底盘和副车架组成。其中副车架可以实现上装设备舱、 发射装置等其它相关产品与底盘的连接等功能,是灭火车上装设备实现通用化及 可移植的关键部件。
指控设备 2 包括显控台 2-1、 信息处理机 2-2、 通信设备 2-3。 其中, 显控 台 2-1可由金属板材制成, 安装在副驾驶位置上, 显控台 2-1上可设置有发射保 险开关、 显示器、 操作按钮、 指示灯、 控制手柄、 全景摄像机等, 信息处理机 2-2与显控台 2-1、通信设备 2-3连接。通信设备 2-3用于操作人员与火警( 119 ) 指挥控制中心通信联系。信息处理机 2-2包括综合管理控制模块、 弹道解算模块 和通信模块等功能模块。
发控设备 3由发控执行组件 3-1和灭火弹模拟器 3-2组成。其中,发控执行 组件 3-1将控制指令切换并向发射装置 5输出的控制设备,它接收来自信息处理 机的指令, 并完成灭火弹的发射控制任务。 灭火弹模拟器 3-2可在灭火车训练阶 段使用, 用来模拟灭火弹在位信号和灭火弹发射离架信号。
设备舱 4内部由发电机组 4-1、 供配电拒 4-2、 伺服控制装置 4-3等组成, 外部安装通信天线。 发电机组可由柴油机、 发电机、 本体支架和蓄电池等组成, 供电总功率不小 7. 3kW。 其中柴油机是发电机组的动力源, 发电机为能量转换设 备, 将柴油机输出的机械能转换为电能, 蓄电池为发电机组提供直流控制电源, 使用时发电机组有单独油箱。供配电设备固定安装在设备舱右侧, 主要完成对柴 油发电机组和市电的切换操作、 电气参数的显示、 配电及保护功能。
发射装置 5由发射转塔 5-1、 发射托架 5-2、 模块组装架 5-3组成。 发射转 塔 5-1的结构内部中心走电缆线。发射托架 5-2用于支撑模块组装架, 具有快速 装填模块组装架 5-3和发射时的定向作用。该机构不但实现模块组装架 5-3的锁 定和解锁, 还可以与模块组装架 5-3上的支脚配合完成初始射向的确定。
抛射装置 6主要包括抛射筒、动力装置、平衡体等。抛射筒内部放置灭火弹、 动力装置和平衡体。抛射装置采用 "有限空间"平衡发射技术,具有无烟、无光、 微声, 无后坐力的特点。
灭火弹 7包括:壳体 7-4、引信 7-6、点火器 7-3、灭火剂 7_9、主装药 7-10、 尾翼减速段 7-1、 燃烧室 7-8、 挡药板 7-2、 活塞 7-7、 整流罩 7-5。
壳体 7-4、 尾翼减速段 7-1和活塞 7-7可为轻质金属材料, 壳体 7-4为圆筒 状,尾翼减速段 7-1置于壳体 7-4底部并与壳体 7-4用螺钉固定,挡药板 7-2置 于尾翼减速段 7-1上方,燃烧室 7-8置于挡药板 7-2上方并与挡药板 7-2螺紋固 定, 燃烧室 7-8与壳体 7-4用螺钉固定。 活塞 7-7置于燃烧室 7-8上, 活塞 7_7 的外径与壳体 7-4的内径相匹配, 活塞 7-7 中心有通孔, 点火器 7-3置于活塞 7-7的通孔中并与燃烧室 7-8螺紋固定, 主装药 7-10置于燃烧室 7_8中。 灭火 剂 7-9置于活塞 7-7上部的空腔中并充满整个空腔,整流罩 7-5置于壳体 7-4顶 部并与壳体 7-4用销钉固定, 整流罩 7-5的表面有喷洒孔, 引信 7-6置于整流罩 7-5上并用螺钉固定。
灭火弹 7工作时, 引信 7-6侦测到灭火弹离火源 5 ~ 10米时, 将点火信号传 递给点火器 7-3 , 点火器 7-3点燃燃烧室 7-8中的主装药 7-10 , 主装药 7-10燃 烧产生高压, 高压推动活塞 7-7在壳体 7-4中运动,挤压灭火剂 7-9使得连接整 流罩 7-5与壳体 7-4之间的销钉被剪断,灭火剂 7-9继续推动整流罩 7-5向前运 动, 整流罩 7-5到壳体 7-4前端制动, 这时喷洒孔已经暴露在空气中, 而此时活 塞 7-7继续推动灭火剂 7-9向前运动, 灭火剂 7-9从喷洒孔中喷洒出来, 朴向火 源,起到灭火作用。在灭火弹 7的飞行喷洒过程中,尾翼减速段 7-1打开降落伞, 使灭火弹 7减速, 灭火弹 7穿透玻璃幕墙, 深入建筑物内实施灭火。
转塔控制装置 8由转塔伺服设备和车体调平设备组成。转塔伺服设备包括控 制计算机、 伺月艮控制组件、 方位电机、 俯仰电动虹、 方位读出组件、 俯仰读出组 件、 方位伺服机构、 回转轴承等部件, 控制计算机安装有伺服控制模块, 方位读 出组件及方位伺服机构都与回转轴承的外齿啮合。
车体调平设备选用伺服电动缸调平,四个伺服电动缸支撑腿分别安装在车厢 底盘副车架上,每个支撑腿的伺服电动缸各由一台电机驱动。调平设备可在无信 息处理机控制的情况下下手动撤收。 调平设备由调平执行机构 , 调平控制组件, 水平测角组件,调平控制模块组成。其中四个功率驱动器和控制计算机集成在调 平控制机拒中,调平控制机拒安装在设备控制舱当中。 水平测角组件选用倾角传 感器作为调平设备的水平度检测元件。水平传感器在灭火车的调平过程中反馈车 体的水平度, 共有两个。 一个水平传感器为主水平传感器, 车体横向和纵向水平 度以该水平传感器读数为准, 安装在底盘回转耳轴横梁上的安装面上; 另一个水 平传感器为辅水平传感器, 安装在前调平油虹横梁上, 在调平过程中, 反馈车头 方向的横向水平度, 可避免灭火车在调平过程中出现车头倾斜现象。
图 8 是根据本发明的实施例的适用于高层和超高层建筑火灾朴救的消防车 的光电探测设备 9的示意图。 如图 8所示, 光电探测设备 9包括: 安装壳体、 电 源、 变焦白光摄像头、 红外摄像头、 激光测距机、 综合处理单元。 图 9是根据本 发明的实施例的适用于高层和超高层建筑火灾朴救的消防车的光电探测设备的 综合处理单元的功能模块的示意图。如图 9所示, 综合处理单元包括综合调度模 块、 数据存储模块、 功能自检模块、 变焦控制模块、 数据补偿模块、 图像融合模 块、 图像对比模块、 以及角度解算模块。
采用变焦白光摄像头能够在搜索过程中根据火源的距离及大小调节焦距,可 以很准确的确定火源的位置。
变焦白光摄像头通过螺钉与安装壳体连接,红外摄像头通过螺钉与安装壳体 连接, 激光测距机通过螺钉与安装壳体连接, 变焦白光摄像头的供电接口通过导 线与电源连接, 红外摄像头的供电接口通过导线与电源连接, 激光测距机的供电 接口通过导线与电源连接,变焦白光摄像头的数据接口通过导线与综合处理单元 连接, 红外摄像头的数据接口通过导线与综合处理单元连接, 激光测距机的数据 接口通过导线与综合处理单元连接。
下面, 参照图 10来说明光电探测设备 9的目标探测的工作流程。
图 10是根据本发明的实施例的适用于高层和超高层建筑火灾朴救的消防车 的光电探测设备 9的目标探测 (位置探测) 的工作流程图。 如图 10所示, 光电 探测设备进行目标探测 (火源点瞄准)主要包括以下步骤:
第一步 (可选): 白光光轴、 红外光轴和激光光轴标校
光电探测设备 9在使用之前可能需要进行白光光轴、红外光轴和激光光轴标 校(例如, 在长时间未使用光电探测设备 9的情况下, 在当前基准光轴与上述三 个光轴不一致的情况下,), 即, 红外光轴、 激光光轴和最大放大倍率下的白光光 轴的标校(一致性校准), 调节变焦白光摄像头、 红外摄像头、 激光测距机的安 装轴线,使最大放大倍率下的白光光轴、 红外光轴和激光光轴的光轴在安装壳体 基准面的 ± 20〃 以内, 此时认为上述三个光轴满足彼此一致性的要求。在调节完 毕之后, 使变焦白光摄像头、 红外摄像头、 激光测距机的安装支架在安装壳体上 分别固定, 其相互一致的光轴作为基准光轴。
第二步 (可选): 白光变焦光轴偏差检测
光电探测设备 9在使用之前可能需要进行白光变焦光轴偏差检测(例如,在 长时间未使用光电探测设备 9的情况下), 即, 依次从最低放大倍率到最高放大 倍率进行变焦调节,检测变焦白光摄像头在不同放大倍率下的白光光轴相对于最 大放大倍率下的白光光轴(基准光轴)的偏差量(例如, 当前光轴在相对于基准 光轴的三个方向的偏差角度), 并将所述偏差量保存在数据存储模块中。
第三步: 加电自检及端口配置 (设备初始化)
光电探测设备 9启动电源, 给设备加电, 变焦白光摄像头、 红外摄像头、 激 光测距机、 综合处理单元同时加电。 功能自检模块对变焦白光摄像头、 红外摄像 头、激光测距机及综合处理模块进行自检与初始化, 初始化完毕后进行端口通信 状态配置。
第四步: 瞄准目标及变焦控制
利用变焦白光摄像头, 将光电探测设备 9瞄准目标(火源)。 具体地, 利用 转塔转动光电探测设备 9 , 使目标出现在变焦白光摄像头的视野中 (显示在系统 的显示屏上), 变焦控制模块控制变焦白光摄像头的放大倍率, 将被瞄准目标在 显示屏上居中 (目标测距图像中心点对准目标点), 并且, 高度调整为显示屏上 的整个画面高度的 3 / 4 (也可为其它比例, 只要其完整显示并满足清晰度要求即 可)。
第五步: 光轴补偿
数据补偿模块根据变焦白光摄像头的当前放大倍率(瞄准和变焦控制后的放 大倍率), 读取数据存储模块中的光轴偏差量, 进行数据补偿。 即, 根据当前放 大倍率下的光轴偏差量,微调光电探测设备 9的角度,使当前放大倍率下的白光 光轴与基准光轴相符(即,目标测距图像数据补偿后的新的中心点对准目标点)。
第六步 (可选): 图像融合
可选地,在通过红外摄像头取得目标图像(使目标出现在红外摄像头的视野 中) 的情况下, 综合调度模块读取变焦白光摄像头的瞄准及变焦控制后的图像、 以及红外摄像头的图像, 然后, 图像融合模块进行图像融合处理。 即, 将红外摄 像头的图像放大或缩小至与变焦白光摄像头的瞄准及变焦控制后的图像相对应 的放大倍率 (使目标大小在两个图像中一致并同时居中)、 并通过图像剪裁的方 式使要融合的两个图像的横纵像素数一致, 并将两个图像融合(可以通过各种方 法来实现, 例如, 同像素灰度求平均, 等等), 得到融合后的图像。
第七步 (可选): 图像对比选择
图像对比模块对白光摄像头的图像、 红外摄像头的图像(在通过红外摄像头 取得目标图像的情况下, 并进行相应放大或缩小)、 或上述融合后的图像(在通 过红外摄像头取得目标图像的情况下)的清晰度进行对比(例如,图像锐度对比, 可利用通过图像滤波突出边缘的图像处理算法来实现,从图像位于各边缘的像素 所反映的梯度来判断图像的总体锐度 ), 确定选择目标测距所需要的图像。
第八步: 激光测距
激光测距机连续多次(例如 5次)进行激光测距, 之后, 综合调度模块可将 5次测量的距离去除最大值和最小值后, 对处于中间值的 3个数据进行平均, 并 将该平均值作为目标斜距。 从而完成探测装置对目标的搜索和测量。
如图 9所示,角度解算模块用于解算灭火弹的弹道解算角度(发射角度信息)。 数据补偿模块还用于记录弹轴偏差并进行数据补偿。
下面, 参照图 10来说明光电探测设备 9的目标探测的灭火弹弹道解算的工 作流程。
图 12是根据本发明的实施例的适用于高层和超高层建筑火灾朴救的消防车 的光电探测设备的灭火弹弹道解算的工作流程图。具体地,在完成上述激光测距 之后, 光电探测设备得到目标火源到灭火弹的斜线距离 L, 同时, 转塔系统向综 合调度模块回传目标相对于转塔的俯仰角 Θ和方位角屮 (例如, 转塔中心的方位 角 可取为 0 ), 光电探测设备进行灭火弹弹道解算, 求解灭火弹的发射角度信 息。
也就是说, 解算模块根据目标斜距 L和目标俯仰角 θ、 目标方位角屮 , 求解 弹发射俯仰角 ^ ^和发射方位角 ^ , 使弹在发射仰角为 ^、 发射方位角 ^ (在 误差允许的情况下, 发射方位角可取为转塔中心的方位角, 例如 0 ) 时, 能够命 中目标。
灭火弹弹道解算的具体步骤如下。
第一步 (可选): 不同架位(以图 11所示的 24个架位为例) 的灭火弹的位 置和轴线略有不同,标定出灭火弹组装架的各个架位与探测装置光轴的左右位置 偏差和上下位置偏差以及航向(方位)偏差角和俯仰偏差角, 并将四个偏差数据 记录在数据补偿模块中。
第二步: 角度解算模块根据目标的斜线距离、俯仰角求解得到目标火源相对 于灭火弹的高度信息和目标距离发射点的水平距离。 求解公式如下:
hO=L X s in O
d=L cos θ
式中: Θ为灭火弹组装架的俯仰角, L 为灭火弹组装架到目标的斜线距离, hO为目标火源相对于灭火弹的高度信息, 为目标与发射点的水平距离。
第三步: 角度解算模块求解得到灭火弹抛射角度。
角度解算模块依据的动力学和运动学方程如下:
动力学微分方程
ύ - νωζ1 + \νωγι - (-mgsin φοο^,ψ - CAqSM)lm \ ν + ηωζ1 - [mg(sin ^ sin sin - cos φ cos γ) - CNqSM cos ']/ m w- = [mg(sin φήηψ cos γ + cos ^ sin ) - CNqSM sin ^5']/ m (3) ιώπ = ~CNqSMMs φ' + CZYlqSM^Yl (4) ιώζι = CNqSMAl cos^' + CznqSMla>n (5) 运动学微分方程
X - cos cos - v(sin ^ cos χ + cos ^ sin ^ sin ) + w(sin ^ sin - cos ^ sin ^ cos γ) )
7 = w sin ^ cos ψ + v(cos φ cos - sin ^ sin ^ sin ) - w(cos ^sin + sin^sin^sin )
(7)
Z = wsin^-vcos^sin + wcos^cos (8) ^ = (ωΥι sin + ωζι cos γ) I cos ^ (9) ψ^ωζι sin/-^ cos/ (10)
Ϋ = _ Άψ (H) 利用上述运动学和动力学微分方程, 计算某一时刻在力和力矩作用下, 灭火 弹主要飞行参数的增量。 在上述运动学和动力学微分方程中, 其输入(已知量) 为某一时刻灭火弹的飞行参数, 包括:速度、弹道倾角、弹道偏角、偏航角速度、 俯仰角速度、 俯仰角、 偏航角、 滚转角及灭火弹在发射坐标系中的位置坐标 X、 Y、 Ζ。 输出为此时刻上述 11个参数的增量(dx/dt)。 其主要输入输出参数如下 表所示。 输入 输出
数学符号 含义 数学符号 含义
U 弹体轴向速度 ύ 弹体轴向速度增量
V 弹体法向速度 V 弹体法向速度增量
W 弹体横向速度 W 弹体横向速度增量 ωη 偏航角速度 ώη 偏航角速度增量
¾1 俯仰角速度 俯仰角速度增量 φ 俯仰角 φ 俯仰角增量 ψ 偏航角 ψ 偏航角增量 ϊ 滚转角 7 滚转角增量
X X轴坐标 X X增量
Υ Υ轴坐标 Ϋ γ增量 ζ Ζ轴坐标 ζ ζ增量
另外, m为弹体质量, g为重力加速度, q为动压, CA为轴向力系数, SM为参 考面积, (^为法向力系数, ^为合成攻角, JY1为绕弹体 Y轴的转动惯量, JZ1为 绕弹体 Z轴的转动惯量, CZY1=CZZ1为阻尼力矩系数, 1为全弹参考长度, Δ1为质 心到压心的长度。
以目标俯仰角 Θ和发射出筒速度 (常量, 例如 160米 /秒)、 角速度初值(例 如, 0 )作为求解上述微分方程的初始条件, 结合灭火弹的气动参数(常量, 主 要为轴向力系数、法向力系数、压心系数、阻尼力矩系数随马赫数和攻角的变化), 使用常微分方程的四阶龙格 -库塔数值解法, 对上述方程进行联合求解, 推算得 到全弹道参数(即,弹道轨迹), 即 u(t)、 v(t)、 w(t)、 6^(0、 ωζι(ή . X(t) . Y(t) .
Z(t) . φ{ί、、 ψ(ί) , γ(ή , 其中, t是离散化的时间。 在计算完某一弹道俯仰角 ^ 下的全弹道参数之后, 计算在某一弹道俯仰角 ^ (初始值 0= Θ )下达到 d的射 高 H。
Figure imgf000011_0001
φ,+^ φ, + 0.5(Η, - Η0)θ (1 3) 利用公式(12)判断 Η与目标高度 hO的大小关系,如满足(12)式则停止迭代, 当前俯仰角 ^ k即为发射角; 如不满足(12)式, 则用公式(1 3)更新发射俯仰角, 用所述动力学和运动学微分方程重新计算全弹道参数和射高 H +1,其中 k为当前 迭代步数, 直到射高 与目标高度 hO之差小于 0. 01m为止, 此时的发射角 即为最终的灭火弹发射角。 也就是说, 迭代的起始俯仰角 ^ 0为目标俯仰角 Θ , 之后通过比较目标 X轴 向距离 (即, 水平距离 d )处的弹道高度 H与目标高度 hO的关系, 不断修正发 射俯仰角以最终获得能够命中目标的结果。
第四步 (可选): 数据补偿模块进行误差补偿
全弹道参数是以探测装置为位置和方位基准计算而确定的,指控计算机通过 补偿来消除灭火弹由于弹位不同所带来的位置和角度四个偏差数据 ,从而确定某 个单位上的发射所需俯仰角。
至此, 完成了高层楼宇灭火弹弹道解算, 灭火弹即可才艮据解算出的发射角进 行发射。
最后, 以实际应用为例,说明根据本发明的实施例的适用于高层和超高层建 筑火灾朴救的消防车的工作流程 , 其包括以下步骤:
第一步: 人员就位, 车辆启动出发。
1) 接到火警后, 驾驶员, 操作员分别坐在正、 副驾驶位置;
2) 驾驶员启动灭火车, 打开倒车影像设备, 向火灾地点行驶;
3) 操作员检查操作台, 确保操作按钮都在初始位置。
第二步: 发电机组启动, 各设备加电自检
1) 操作员转动 "机组启动" 钥匙至 "START" 位置待发电机组启动成功后 松开钥匙(钥匙自动返回 "ON"位置), 工作稳定后 "交流指示"灯亮;
2) 操作员按压 "总供电" 按钮, 发电机组电源输出;
3) 操作员按压 "设备供电" 按钮, 信息处理机首先加电进入系统并自检, 信息处理机正常后, 自动依次给探测装置、 伺服设备、 调平设备加电;
4) 操作员查看显示界面中 "设备状态" 栏, 确认各设备加电自检状态都为
"绿色"。
第三步: 选择工作模式, 在合适地点停车
1) 操作员在行车过程中, 转动操作台 "工作模式" 旋钮, 选择 "消防" 或
"训练" 工作模式;
2) 操作员根据现场火灾目标高度, 驾驶员根据操作人员指令, 观察倒车影 像, 驾驶灭火车在火灾地点附近临时停车;
3) 操作员查看 "调平控制" 栏状态, 如果灭火车停车位置坡度超过 ± 1。
时, "调平控制" 栏指示灯 "红绿,, 交替闪烁, 驾驶员重新选择地点停 车, 直至 "调平控制" 栏指示灯停止闪烁, "回收" 指示灯为绿色;
4) 驾驶员控制灭火车停车, 驾驶员下车负责观察灭火车发射安全距离内情 况, 并与操作员及时沟通。
第四步: 调平展开, 瞄准火灾目标 1) 操作员转动操作台 "调平控制" 旋钮至 "展开" 位置, 灭火车自动调平 展开, 调平过程中 "展开" 指示灯闪烁, 调平完成后, 操作台 "展开" 指示灯亮, 显示界面 "调平控制" 栏 "展开" 灯变为 "绿色";
2) 发射转塔调转解锁;
3) 操作员控制操作台手柄, 观察显示界面图像, 切换到 "成像模式" (显 示屏上显示白光摄像机的取景图像), 控制发射转塔调转, 将显示界面 "+"对准火灾目标, 此时 "当前角度"栏显示发射转塔当前位置角度。 第五步: 测量目标位置, 射击诸元(即, 发射角度)解算
1) 可直接用激光测距机准确测量目标距离的情况下, 操作员控制手柄上的 按钮测量火灾目标位置参数, "目标位置" 栏显示目标 "距离" 和 "高 度,, 数据;
2) 无法直接用激光测距机准确测量目标距离的情况下(即, 瞎 A打 B ), 实 际火点为 B点, 由于 B点无满足激光测距机精度要求时, 采用瞄准 B点 附近的 A点进行测距, 在才艮 A、 B两点之间的位置变化, 将 A点距离 数据转换到 B点距离数据, 进而计算出 B点的射击诸元数据。
3) 指挥控制装置 4艮据目标数据, 自动解算射击诸元, 同时判断解算结果是 否有效(方位角、 俯仰角是否在限定范围内), "发射角度" 栏中显示有 效的解算结果。
第六步: 发射模式选择, 发射保险解锁
1) 操作员选择操作台 "发射模式", "手动" 或 "自动" 模式;
2) 操作员转动操作台 "发射保险"钥匙, 至 "解锁"位置, 开始记录视频;
3) 操作员与车外驾驶员保持联系, 确认发射安全区域内无人员进入。 第七步: 调转发射转塔, 发射灭火弹
1) 操作员选择 "发射模式" 为 "自动" 时, 具备发射条件的 "发射按钮" 指示灯亮, 操作员按压欲发射灭火弹所对应的 "发射按钮", 信息处理 机才艮据该灭火弹对应的解算结果, 自动控制发射转塔调转至目标发射角 度, 操作台 "允许发射" 指示灯亮, 发射灭火弹;
2) 操作员选择 "发射模式" 为 "手动" 时, "允许发射" 指示灯先熄灭, 操作员首先控制操作台手柄将发射转塔调转至发射角度,即 "当前角度" 栏数值与 "发射角度" 栏数值在一定误差范围内, 此时 "允许发射" 指 示灯亮, 具备发射条件的 "发射按钮" 指示灯亮, 操作员按压 "发射按 钮", 发射灭火弹。
第八步: 灭火弹发射
1) 发射控制设备给出点火时序信号;
2) 点火时序信号通过模块线缆盒输送至发射筒点火器; 3) 发射筒发射药点火, 灭火弹一定的初速度发射出筒
第九步:延时火药自毁计时开始
1) 延时火药在发射冲击过载的作用下开始自毁延时。 延时时间到后, 延时 火药控制灭火弹开伞和喷洒灭火剂同时动作, 灭火弹自毁。
第十步: 引信启动工作
高层建筑物火灾主要有三种情况室内火、 外立面火、 墙内火, 本文重点考虑 朴救室内火, 来说明引信的工作流程。
其中, 第十步引信启动工作分为两个小步:
第 10-1步、 引信保险解除, 功能启动
1) 引信探测到接近目标
2) 引信机械保险解锁
3) 引信在发射冲击过载的作用下, 机械保险惯性解锁, 点火电路由短接状 态变为断开状态;
4) 引信远解保险解锁
5) 引信延时固定时间后, 远解保险(电保险)解锁, 引信处于待发状态;
6) 引信自毁计时开始
7) 引信电路工作, 开始自毁延时, 引信、 延时火药与灭火弹主装药并联连 接, 提高灭火弹自毁可靠性。 延时时间到后, 引信控制灭火弹开伞和喷 洒灭火剂同时动作, 灭火弹自毁。
第 10-2步: 引信触发
引信或延时火药给出点火信号, 灭火弹接收到点火信号后同时喷洒灭火剂, 打开降落伞减速。
引信的各项功能设置如下:
1) 引信主要应用近炸触发功能;
2) 引信碰炸功能作为近炸功能失效后的补充, 确保灭火弹到达火灾区域后 及时喷洒灭火剂灭火;
3) 引信自毁功能是在灭火弹偏离弹道不满足近炸、 碰炸触发条件或近炸、 碰炸功能同时失效的情况下, 定时强制给出点火信号, 避免灭火弹携带 火工品自由落地, 对人员及设备造成危害或在灭火弹上残留火工品, 造 成回收危险。
第十一步: 灭火弹动作
1) 灭火弹减速伞在灭火弹进入室内前完成充气具备减速条件, 灭火弹在进 入室内前减速伞不能对灭火弹弹道产生影响;
2) 灭火弹进入室内后, 减速伞拉灭火弹减速, 使灭火弹撞击墙面后灭火弹 不解体, 墙体不被穿透;
3) 灭火弹在减速伞动作过程中持续喷洒灭火剂, 减速伞在充气时间占和灭 火弹喷洒灭火剂总时间不大于 30。/»。
第十二步: 延时火药自毁触发
1) 延时火药自毁功能与引信自毁功能相同, 但两者独立安装, 互不干扰。
目的是提高灭火弹在工作异常情况下的使用安全性。 同时, 也可用于灭 火弹进入室内引信失效后的补充灭火功能。
2) 灭火弹发射后产生 3000g过载, 延时火药自动开始触发计时, 延时火药 延时 8 s后, 强制给出自毁点火信号。
延时火药自毁工作过程如下:
灭火弹发射后, 延时火药自毁延时自动开始计时 8s ;
延时火药自毁延时计时时间到后, 自动强制给出自毁点火信号;
灭火弹接收到点火信号后, 同时触发有效载荷段和安全减速段工作,有效载 荷段喷洒灭火剂, 安全减速段打开降落伞。
第十三步: 系统撤收, 设备断电
1) 操作员转动操作台 "发射保险" 钥匙至 "锁定" 位置, "发射允许" 灯 熄灭, 停止记录视频;
2) 操作员转动操作台 "调平控制" 旋钮至 "回收" 位置, 系统开始撤收, 系统自动将发射转塔回平(方位角度为 0° , 俯仰角度为 0° ), 然后回 收四个调平支腿至初始位置, "回收"灯闪烁, 到位后 "回收"灯点亮;
3) 操作员转动操作台 "工作模式" 旋钮至 "训练" 状态;
4) 操作员按压操作台 "设备供电" 按钮, 信息处理机首先关闭分系统设备 电源, 然后关闭信息处理机电源;
5) 操作员按压操作台 "总供电" 按钮, 关闭系统供电电源;
6) 操作员转动操作台 "机组启动"钥匙至 "OFF"位置, 关闭发电机组, "交 流指示灯" 熄灭;
第十四步: 车辆返回熄火, 人员下车
1) 驾驶员上车至驾驶员位置, 启动灭火车返回驻地;
2) 驾驶员关闭倒车影像设备, 关闭灭火车发动机;
3) 驾驶员, 操作员下车。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、一种适用于高层和超高层建筑火灾朴救的消防车, 包括: 载车底盘(1 )、 指控设备 ( 2 )、 发控设备 ( 3 )、 设备舱 ( 4 )、 发射装置( 5 )、 抛射装置( 6 )、 灭 火弹( 7 )、 转塔控制装置 ( 8 )、 光电探测设备 ( 9 ),
其中, 指控设备 ( 2 )、 发控设备 ( 3 )置于载车底盘( 1 )的驾驶室的副驾驶 位置,
设备舱 ( 4 )置于驾驶室后并用螺栓固定于载车底盘(1 )上,
发射装置 ( 5 )置于载车底盘( 1 )上并用螺钉固定,
抛射装置 (6 )置于发射装置 (5 )上并固定,
灭火弹( 7 )置于抛射装置 ( 6 ) 中,
转塔控制装置 (8 )分布在载车底盘和发射装置上, 用于完成车体调平和控 制发射装置动作,
光电探测设备 ( 9 )置于发射装置 (5 ) 下方并用螺钉固定,
其中, 光电探测设备(9 ) 包括: 安装壳体、 电源、 变焦白光摄像头、 红外 摄像头、 激光测距机、 综合处理单元,
变焦白光摄像头通过螺钉与安装壳体连接,红外摄像头通过螺钉与安装壳体 连接, 激光测距机通过螺钉与安装壳体连接, 变焦白光摄像头的供电接口通过导 线与电源连接, 红外摄像头的供电接口通过导线与电源连接, 激光测距机的供电 接口通过导线与电源连接,变焦白光摄像头的数据接口通过导线与综合处理单元 连接, 红外摄像头的数据接口通过导线与综合处理单元连接, 激光测距机的数据 接口通过导线与综合处理单元连接。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的适用于高层和超高层建筑火灾朴救的消防车, 其 中, 综合处理单元包括综合调度模块、 数据存储模块、 变焦控制模块、 数据补偿 模块,
其中, 在火灾朴救之前, 光电探测设备(9 )用来进行火源探测, 包括以下 步骤:
利用变焦白光摄像头, 将光电探测设备(9 ) 瞄准作为目标的火源, 其中, 利用转塔转动光电探测设备 ( 9 ),使目标出现在变焦白光摄像头的视野中并显示 在显示屏上, 变焦控制模块控制变焦白光摄像头的放大倍率,将被瞄准目标在显 示屏上居中, 并完整显示;
数据补偿模块根据变焦白光摄像头的当前放大倍率,读取在数据存储模块中 存储的光轴偏差量, 进行数据补偿, 其中, 根据当前放大倍率下的光轴偏差量, 微调光电探测设备( 9 )的角度,使当前放大倍率下的白光光轴与基准光轴相符; 激光测距机连续多次进行激光测距,综合调度模块将多次测量的距离进行平 均, 并将该平均值作为目标斜距, 从而完成探测装置对目标的搜索和测量。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的适用于高层和超高层建筑火灾朴救的消防车, 其 中, 所述光电探测设备( 9 )进行火源探测之前, 还用来进行以下步骤:
在当前基准光轴与上述三个光轴不一致的情况下,进行变焦白光摄像头的光 轴、 红外摄像头的光轴和激光测距机的光轴标校, 将红外摄像头的光轴、 激光测 距机的光轴和最大放大倍率下的变焦白光摄像头的光轴的调节一致,其相互一致 的光轴作为调校后的基准光轴;
进行白光变焦光轴偏差检测,其中,依次从最低放大倍率到最高放大倍率进 行变焦调节,检测变焦白光摄像头在不同放大倍率下的白光光轴相对于基准光轴 的光轴偏差量, 并将所述光轴偏差量保存在数据存储模块中。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的适用于高层和超高层建筑火灾朴救的消防车, 其 中, 所述综合处理单元还包括功能自检模块, 在进行火源探测之前, 所述光电探 测设备 ( 9 )还用来进行以下步骤:
启动电源, 给设备加电, 变焦白光摄像头、 红外摄像头、 激光测距机、 综合 处理单元同时加电, 功能自检模块对变焦白光摄像头、 红外摄像头、 激光测距机 及综合处理模块进行自检与初始化, 初始化完毕后进行端口通信状态配置。
5、 根据权利要求 2所述的适用于高层和超高层建筑火灾朴救的消防车, 其 中, 所述综合处理单元还包括图像融合模块, 所述光电探测设备( 9 )进行火源 探测还包括以下步骤:
在通过红外摄像头取得目标图像的情况下,综合调度模块读取变焦白光摄像 头的瞄准及变焦控制后的图像、 以及红外摄像头的图像,
然后, 图像融合模块进行图像融合处理, 其中, 将红外摄像头的图像放大或 缩小至与变焦白光摄像头的瞄准及变焦控制后的图像相对应的放大倍率、并通过 图像剪裁的方式使要融合的两个图像的横纵像素数一致, 并将两个图像融合,得 到融合后的图像,
其中, 所述综合处理单元还包括图像对比模块, 所述光电探测设备(9 )进 行火源探测还包括以下步骤:
图像对比模块对白光摄像头的图像、 红外摄像头的图像、 和 /或上述融合后 的图像的锐度进行对比, 确定锐度最高的图像, 作为目标测距所需要的图像。
6、 根据权利要求 1所述的适用于高层和超高层建筑火灾朴救的消防车, 其 中, 转塔控制装置 (8 ) 由转塔伺服设备和车体调平设备组成, 转塔伺服设备包 括控制计算机、 伺服控制组件、 方位电机、 俯仰电动缸、 方位读出组件、 俯仰读 出组件、 方位伺服机构、 回转轴承, 控制计算机安装有伺服控制模块, 方位读出 组件及方位伺服机构都与回转轴承的外齿啮合,
其中, 车体调平设备包括调平执行机构、 调平控制组件、 水平测角组件, 并安 装有调平控制模块,其中,四个功率驱动器和控制计算机集成在调平控制机拒中, 调平控制机拒安装在设备控制舱当中,两个水平传感器在灭火车的调平过程中反 馈车体的水平度, 一个水平传感器为主水平传感器, 车体横向和纵向水平度以该 水平传感器读数为准,安装在底盘回转耳轴横梁上的安装面上, 另一个水平传感 器为辅水平传感器, 安装在前调平油虹横梁上, 在调平过程中, 反馈车头方向的 横向水平度。
7、根据权利要求 2所述的适用于高层和超高层建筑火灾朴救的消防车,其中, 所述综合处理单元还包括角度解算模块,其中, 所述角度解算模块用于解算灭火 弹的发射角度信息,
其中, 在完成所述激光测距之后, 光电探测设备(9)得到目标火源到灭火弹 的斜线距离 L,同时,转塔系统向综合调度模块回传目标相对于转塔的俯仰角 θ , 光电探测设备(9)进行灭火弹弹道解算, 求解灭火弹的发射角度信息,
其中, 光电探测设备(9)解算灭火弹的发射角度信息包括以下步骤:
角度解算模块依据以下动力学和运动学微分方程如下:
动力学微分方程
ύ - νωζ1 + \νωγ1 - (-mgsin φοο^,ψ - CAqSM)l m
(1) v + (sin φξ,νηψξ,νηγ- cos φ cos γ) - CNqSM cos φ']/ m w-u YX - [mg(sin φ Άψ cos γ + cos ^ sin γ) - CNqSM sin φ']/ m (3) ιώπ =
ιώζι =
Figure imgf000018_0001
运动学微分方程
= wcos^cos^ - v(sin ^cos^ + cos^sin ^sin γ) + w(sin ^sin^-cos^sin^ cos γ) )
7 = wsin φ cos ψ + v(cos φ cos γ - sin ^ sin ^ sin γ) - w(cos^sin + sin^sin^sin γ)
(7)
Z = wsin ζ/ - vcos^sin + wcos^cos
(8) φ - (ωΥι sin + ωζι cos γ) I cos ψ
(9)
ψ-ωζι^ϊΆγ- cos γ (10)
Figure imgf000018_0002
在上述运动学和动力学微分方程中, 其输入输出如下表所示
Figure imgf000018_0003
¾1 俯仰角速度 俯仰角速度增量
Φ 俯仰角 Φ 俯仰角增量
Ψ 偏航角 Ψ 偏航角增量 r 滚转角 7 滚转角增量
X X轴坐标 X X增量
Y Y轴坐标 Ϋ γ增量 z Z轴坐标 Z z增量
其中, m为弹体质量, g为重力加速度, q为动压, CA为轴向力系数, SM为灭 火弹参考面积, (^为法向力系数, '为合成攻角, JY1为绕弹体 Y轴的转动惯量, JZ1为绕弹体 Z轴的转动惯量, CZY1=CZZ1为阻尼力矩系数, /为灭火弹参考长度, ί/ 为灭火弹质心到压心的长度 ,
使用常微分方程的四阶龙格 -库塔数值解法, 对上述方程进行联合求解, 推 算得到全弹道参数 t v(t), w(t), ^(t). ωζ1(0、 X(t) . Y(t) . Z(t) . φ{ί、、 ψ(ί) , r(t), 其中, t是离散化的时间。
8、根据权利要求 7所述的适用于高层和超高层建筑火灾朴救的消防车,其中, 角度解算模块还用来进行以下步骤:
根据目标的斜线距离 L、 目标相对于转塔的俯仰角 Θ求解得到作为目标的火 源相对于灭火弹的高度 hO和目标距离发射点的水平距离 d,所依照的公式如下: hO=L X sinO
d=L cos θ
在计算完某一弹道俯仰角 ^下的全弹道参数之后, 计算在某一弹道俯仰角 下达到水平距离 d的射高 H, 其中初始值 ^0=θ , 如下:
Figure imgf000019_0001
= +0.5^ 琴 (13) 利用公式(12)判断 Η与目标高度 hO的大小关系,如满足(12)式则停止迭代, 当前俯仰角 k即为最终的灭火弹发射俯仰角; 如不满足(12)式, 则用公式(13) 更新发射俯仰角, 用所述动力学和运动学微分方程重新计算全弹道参数和射高 Hk+l, 其中 k为当前迭代步数, 直到射高 与目标高度 hO满足(12)式为止, 此时的发射角 即为最终的灭火弹俯仰发射角 9、 根据权利要求 1所述的适用于高层和超高层建筑火灾朴救的消防车, 其 中, 灭火弹(7 )包括: 壳体(7-4)、 引信(7-6)、点火器(7-3)、灭火剂( 7-9 )、 主装药( 7-10 )、尾翼减速段( 7-1 )、燃烧室( 7-8 )、挡药板( 7-2 )、活塞( Ί-Ί )、 整流罩 ( 7-5 ),
壳体( 7-4 )、尾翼减速段( 7-1 )和活塞( 7-7 )可为轻质金属材料,壳体( 7-4 ) 为圆筒状, 尾翼减速段(7-1 )置于壳体(7-4 )底部并与壳体(7-4 )用螺钉固 定,挡药板( 7-2 )置于尾翼减速段( 7-1 )上方,燃烧室( 7-8 )置于挡药板( 7-2 ) 上方并与挡药板(7-2 )螺紋固定, 燃烧室 (7-8 ) 与壳体(7-4 )用螺钉固定。 活塞( 7-7 )置于燃烧室 ( 7-8 )上, 活塞( 7-7 )的外径与壳体( 7-4 )的内径相 匹配, 活塞(7-7 ) 中心有通孔, 点火器(7-3)置于活塞(7-7 ) 的通孔中并与 燃烧室( 7-8 )螺紋固定, 主装药( 7-10)置于燃烧室( 7-8 )中。 灭火剂 ( 7-9 ) 置于活塞( 7-7 )上部的空腔中并充满整个空腔, 整流罩( 7_5 )置于壳体( 7_4 ) 顶部并与壳体( 7_4 )用销钉固定, 整流罩( 7_5 )的表面有喷洒孔, 引信( Ί-6 ) 置于整流罩(7-5 )上并用螺钉固定。
灭火弹( 7 )工作时, 引信( 7-6 )侦测到灭火弹离火源 5 ~ 10米时, 将点火 信号传递给点火器( 7-3 ),点火器( 7-3 )点燃燃烧室 ( 7-8 )中的主装药 ( 7-10), 主装药 (7-10)燃烧产生高压, 高压推动活塞(7-7 )在壳体(7-4 ) 中运动, 挤 压灭火剂 (7-9 )使得连接整流罩(7-5 ) 与壳体(7-4 )之间的销钉被剪断, 灭 火剂 ( Ί-9 )继续推动整流罩( 7_5 )向前运动, 整流罩( 7_5 )到壳体( 7_4 )前 端制动,这时喷洒孔已经暴露在空气中,而此时活塞( 7-7 )继续推动灭火剂( 7-9 ) 向前运动, 灭火剂 (7-9 )从喷洒孔中喷洒出来, 朴向火源, 起到灭火作用。 在 灭火弹( 7 )的飞行喷洒过程中, 尾翼减速段 ( 7-1 )打开降落伞, 使灭火弹( 7 ) 减速, 灭火弹(7 ) 穿透玻璃幕墙, 深入建筑物内实施灭火。
10、根据权利要求 1所述的适用于高层和超高层建筑火灾朴救的消防车,其 中, 发控设备 ( 3 )由发控执行组件( 3-1 )和灭火弹模拟器( 3-2 )组成, 其中, 发控执行组件( 3-1 )将控制指令发送到发射装置( 5 ), 发射装置( 5 )接收来自 信息处理机的指令, 并完成灭火弹的发射控制任务, 灭火弹模拟器( 3-2 )用于 灭火车训练阶段使用, 用来模拟灭火弹在位信号和灭火弹发射离架信号,
其中, 设备舱(4 ) 内部包括发电机组 (4-1)、 供配电拒(4-2)、 伺服控制 装置 (4-3), 设备舱(4 )外部安装有通信天线,
其中,发射装置( 5 )由发射转塔( 5-1 )、发射托架( 5-2 )、模块组装架( 5-3 ) 组成, 发射转塔(5-1 ) 的结构内部中心走电缆线,
发射托架( 5-2 )用于支撑模块组装架, 具有快速装填模块组装架( 5-3 )和 发射时的定向作用,发射托架( 5-2 )不但实现模块组装架( 5-3 )的锁定和解锁, 还与模块组装架(5-3)上的支脚配合完成初始射向的确定,
其中, 抛射装置 (6 ) 包括抛射筒、 动力装置、 平衡体, 抛射筒内部放置灭 火弹、 动力装置和平衡体。
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CN107932470A (zh) * 2017-11-17 2018-04-20 泰州市海博汽车科技有限公司 一种消防机器人的重量支撑装置

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