WO2014208816A1 - 분산전원 전력계통 연계 운전장치 및 방법 - Google Patents
분산전원 전력계통 연계 운전장치 및 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014208816A1 WO2014208816A1 PCT/KR2013/008662 KR2013008662W WO2014208816A1 WO 2014208816 A1 WO2014208816 A1 WO 2014208816A1 KR 2013008662 W KR2013008662 W KR 2013008662W WO 2014208816 A1 WO2014208816 A1 WO 2014208816A1
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- power supply
- distributed power
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B15/00—Systems controlled by a computer
- G05B15/02—Systems controlled by a computer electric
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/38—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to both voltage and current; responsive to phase angle between voltage and current
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/12—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a distributed power supply system linkage operation apparatus and method, and more particularly, the voltage at the distributed power supply link point so that the voltage at the distributed power supply link point does not exceed the allowable range when the distributed power supply is linked to the power system. It relates to a distributed power supply system linkage operation apparatus and method for suppressing fluctuations.
- the voltage of the distributed source connection point is increased by the effective power of the distributed power source injected into the distribution system.
- the reason why the voltage of the distributed power supply connection point is increased is that the effective output is injected into the distribution system connection point, so that the electric power flows in the direction of the substation from the connection point, that is, the reverse direction of the power flow in the general distribution system. This is because the voltage rises by the product of and the line impedance.
- the distribution line to which the distributed power supply is connected is more difficult to further connect the distributed power supply due to the voltage increase at the distributed power supply connection point. This is because the application for linkage of distributed power sources is concentrated in areas with similar location conditions. As a result, linkage was not possible even if the capacity of new distributed power supply is small.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to offset the voltage rise at the distributed power supply connection point by the effective output of the distributed power supply to the voltage drop due to the invalid output of the distributed power supply. It is to provide a distributed power supply system linkage operation apparatus and method for suppressing voltage fluctuations at the power supply link point.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a distributed power supply system linkage operation apparatus and method for increasing the linked capacity of the distributed power source in the same distribution line.
- Another object of the present invention is to reduce the cost of distributed power supply connection, promote the dissemination of distributed power sources using renewable energy sources and maximize the utilization of distribution lines, so that the power equipment can be efficiently operated. It is to provide a system linkage operation device and method.
- Still another object of the present invention is to provide a method of linking operation with a higher operating system capable of supporting the information and communication infrastructure, and to apply a local optimization solution that can be implemented without the support of the information and communication infrastructure, thereby providing information on the connected distribution line. It is to provide a distributed power supply system linkage operation device and method that can provide a proper solution according to communication infrastructure status.
- a distributed power supply system linkage operation apparatus including an input unit configured to receive a voltage and a current at a distributed power supply link point to which a distributed power supply is linked from a parameter calculated by using power system information and a substation; An operation unit calculating a power factor command value and an effective output command value by using the parameters input to the input unit and the voltage and current of the distributed power supply link point; And determine the driving power factor command value and the effective output command value calculated by the calculating unit according to the voltage at the distributed power supply link point and the appropriate voltage upper limit value at the distributed power supply link point input to the input unit, and transmit the calculated power factor command value and the effective output command value to the distributed power supply. It characterized in that it comprises a control communication unit.
- the effective output command value is an allowable effective power generation amount of the distributed power supply. It is characterized by determining.
- the control communication unit determines that the effective output command value is a predetermined first set value. It features.
- the present instantaneous effective power output amount of the distributed power supply and the constant power of the distributed power supply is determined according to a comparison result by comparing an optimal amount of effective power generation.
- the control communication unit may determine the driving power factor command value as a second set value when the current instantaneous active power output amount is less than or equal to the always optimal active power generation amount.
- the operation power factor command value when the current instantaneous effective power output amount exceeds the constant optimum active power generation amount, the operation power factor command value so that the voltage increase of the distributed power supply connection point is offset by the voltage drop by the invalid output. It is characterized by calculating.
- the operation power factor command value is divided into a line impedance corresponding to the substation section from the distributed power supply connection point into a resistance component and a reactance component, the voltage rise by the effective output and the resistance component and the reactive output and the reactance component It is characterized by the ratio of the effective output and the invalid output of the distributed power source to equalize the voltage drop by the same.
- a distributed power supply system linkage operation apparatus including a main control unit configured to calculate a parameter for an effective power and a link line of a distributed power source using power system information; Local to calculate the operation power factor command value of the distributed power supply and the effective output command value of the distributed power supply using the parameters calculated by the main control device, the voltage and current at the distributed power supply connection point in which the distributed power supply is linked to the distribution system. Controller; And a distributed power supply for generating active power and reactive power according to the driving power factor command value and the effective output command value calculated by the local controller.
- the parameter includes the voltage upper limit minimum voltage margin of the distributed power supply link point, the allowable effective power generation amount of the distributed power supply, the constant optimal effective power generation amount of the distributed power supply, the line impedance of the distributed power supply link point It is characterized by.
- the local controller includes an input unit for receiving the parameter from the main control device, and receives the voltage and current of the connection point from the substation;
- a calculator configured to calculate the driving power factor command value and the effective output command value by using the parameters stored in the input unit and the voltage and current of the distributed power supply link point;
- a control communication unit configured to determine the driving power factor command value and the effective output command value calculated by the calculating unit and transmit the calculated power factor to the distributed power source according to the voltage of the input unit and an appropriate voltage upper limit value at the distributed power supply connection point. do.
- the distributed power supply includes a distributed power supply control unit configured to calculate an active power target value and a reactive power target value from the local power factor command value and the effective output command value from the local controller; A driver configured to adjust the active power target value and the reactive power target value received from the distributed power supply controller; A power generation unit generating power according to the active power target value and the reactive power target value adjusted by the driving unit, and outputting active power and reactive power; And a distributed power controller configured to monitor the active power and the reactive power output from the power generation unit and input a maximum output operating condition to the distributed power controller according to an operating state.
- the distributed power control unit controls to output the active power and the reactive power under an optimum operating condition when the driving power factor command value input from the local controller is a second set value and the effective output command value is a first set value. Characterized in that.
- the distributed power supply control unit determines whether the effective power command value is set to the first set value and the driving power factor command value is not set to the second set value depending on whether the operation of the power generation unit is possible with the driving power factor command value.
- the driving is limited to the allowable effective power generation amount, or the driving power factor is commanded.
- the distributed operation control unit operates by limiting the effective output according to the allowable effective power generation amount.
- a distributed power supply system linkage method comprising: calculating a line impedance corresponding to a substation section from a distributed power supply link to which a distributed power supply is linked to a power system; Calculating a distributed power supply power factor for suppressing voltage fluctuation at the distributed power supply connection point using the line impedance, the effective output of the distributed power supply, and the invalid output of the distributed power supply; And operating the distributed power supply according to the distributed power supply driving power factor.
- the distributed power supply power factor is equal to the voltage increase due to the effective output of the distributed power supply and the resistance component of the line impedance and the voltage drop due to the reactive output of the distributed power supply and the reactance component of the line impedance. And a ratio of an effective output of the distributed power supply and an invalid output of the distributed power supply.
- the step of operating the distributed power supply is characterized in that the voltage increase at the distributed power supply connection point cancels the voltage drop at the distributed power supply connection point.
- the present invention cancels the voltage increase at the distributed power supply point by the effective output of the distributed power supply by the voltage drop due to the invalid output of the distributed power supply to suppress the voltage fluctuation at the distributed power supply point.
- the present invention increases the linkage capacity of distributed power supplies in the same distribution line.
- the present invention is to reduce the cost of distributed power supply connection to promote the dissemination of distributed power source using a renewable energy source as a power source, and to maximize the utilization of the distribution line to efficiently operate the power equipment.
- the present invention proposes a linkage operation method with a higher operating system capable of supporting the information and communication infrastructure, and by applying a local optimization solution that can be implemented without the support of the information and communication infrastructure, the state of the information communication infrastructure of the connected distribution line To provide appropriate solutions.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a distributed power supply system linkage operation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating an operation process of the main control device of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a voltage management system diagram of a distribution line under a maximum load condition.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a voltage management system diagram of a distribution line in a constant load condition.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a process of calculating an allowable effective power generation amount of a distributed distributed power supply of the main control device of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an operation process of the local controller of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an operation process of the distributed power controller of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of a model distribution system diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a model system simulation analysis results under heavy load conditions (10MVA, 1.0pu) according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating distribution line voltage distribution of each distributed power factor under heavy load conditions (10MVA, 1.0pu) according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a model system simulation analysis results under light load conditions (2.5MVA, 0.25pu) according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating distribution line voltage distribution of each distributed power factor under heavy load conditions (2.5MVA, 0.25pu) according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an implementation example of a distributed power supply system linkage driving apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a view showing another implementation of the distributed power supply system linkage driving apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating another implementation example of an apparatus for driving a distributed power supply system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating another implementation example of a distributed power supply system linkage operation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a distributed power supply system linkage operation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention
- Figure 2 is a flow chart showing the operation of the main control device of Figure 1
- Figure 3 is a distribution line under maximum load conditions
- 4 is a diagram illustrating a voltage management system of a furnace
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a system of voltage management of a distribution line under constant load conditions
- FIG. 5 is an allowable effective power generation amount of a distributed distributed power supply of the main control device of FIG. 1.
- 6 is a flowchart illustrating a calculation process
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an operation process of the local controller of FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an operation process of the distributed power supply controller of FIG. 1.
- a distributed power supply system linkage operation apparatus includes a main control device 10, a local controller 20, and a distributed power supply 30.
- the main controller 10 may include the allowable effective power generation amount DG_P out-limit of the distributed power supply 30, the always optimal active power generation amount DG_P out-optimal of the distributed power supply 30, and the upper limit value of the appropriate voltage of the connection line V. upper-limit ), the impedance information (R, X) of the associated distribution line is calculated and transmitted to the local controller 20 of the corresponding distributed power supply 30.
- the main control device 10 stores the power system information such as the voltage distribution of the power system, the load ratio, the bus voltage of the substation, the operating state of the distributed power supply 30, and comprehensively grasps the operating state of the power system.
- the main controller 10 calculates the allowable effective power generation amount DG_P out-limit of each distributed power supply 30 and calculates the voltage drop considering the load ratio of the corresponding distribution line to always maintain the linked distributed power supply 30. Calculate DG_P out-optimal .
- the main controller 10 since the optimal optimal active power generation amount DG_P out-optimal fluctuates with the variation of the load ratio, the main controller 10 periodically calculates the constant optimal effective power generation amount DG_P out-optimal , and always the optimum active power Since the generation amount (DG_P out-optimal ) is larger than the allowable effective power generation amount (DG_P out-limit ), there is an advantage of minimizing the generation amount limitation of the generation operator.
- the main controller 10 must comprehensively determine the constant optimal power generation amount (DG_P out-optimal ) with information such as the load ratio of the line, the resulting voltage drop distribution, and the bus outgoing voltage of the substation.
- DG_P out-optimal constant optimal power generation amount
- the main controller 10 may determine the voltage of the distributed power supply connection point.
- the allowable effective power generation amount (DG_P out-limt ) of the distributed power supply 30 always optimal active power generation amount (DG_P out-optimal ), the appropriate voltage upper limit value (V upper-limit ) of the corresponding line, impedance information of the corresponding line
- the method of calculating (R, X) is mentioned later.
- the main control apparatus 10 calculates the maximum linkable effective power maximum capacity DL_P max , which does not exceed the proper voltage holding range even if the link is connected to each of the distribution lines for each distribution line, and the distributed power supply connected to each distribution line ( If the total capacity ( ⁇ P DG ) of the 30) is added and the total capacity ( ⁇ P DG ) exceeds the maximum available linkable active power capacity (DL_P max ), the allowable effective power generation amount (DG_P out-limit ) of the individual distributed power supply 30 Is calculated and distributed to each distributed power supply (30).
- the late entrepreneur can receive the effective power generation rate at the same rate as the existing operators. Through this, it is possible to maintain equity among operators and maximize utilization ratio of distribution facilities.
- Permissible effective power generation amount (DG_P out-limt ) of distributed power supply 30 30, always optimal active power generation amount (DG_P out-optimal ), appropriate voltage upper limit value (V upper-limit ) of the corresponding line, impedance information of the corresponding line (R, Explain how X is calculated.
- the upper limit voltage margin V margin-min of the distributed power supply connection point is calculated from the dispatch voltage margin V dispatch-margin illustrated in FIG. 3.
- the voltage increase margin is calculated by adding the output voltage margin and the extra voltage drop.
- the extra high voltage drop varies with the line distance and the extra high load rate, so the minimum voltage margin obtained regardless of the link position is the outgoing voltage margin.
- the output voltage margin is calculated by subtracting the low voltage supply upper limit voltage value from the appropriate upper limit voltage value shown in FIG. 3 as shown in Equation 1 below.
- the upper limit of the appropriate voltage is a value that electric utilities must obey according to the law and regulations according to the voltage management system. In Korea, 233V (1.06pu) is an example.
- V margin-min is the voltage upper limit minimum voltage margin
- V dispatch-margin is the dispatch voltage margin
- V upper-limit is the appropriate voltage upper limit value
- V LV-max is the low voltage supply upper limit voltage
- the low voltage supply upper limit voltage V margin-min is calculated by subtracting the voltage drop by the transformer and the lead wire from a value calculated by converting the extra high voltage outgoing voltage into a low voltage.
- the low voltage is converted by multiplying the voltage ratio by the extra high voltage.
- a 13200/230 transformer ratio is used to convert the 13200V high voltage rated voltage into the 220V low voltage rated voltage.
- the extra high pressure is 13200V (1.0pu)
- the low pressure is 230V (about 1.045pu), which is 10V higher than 220V (1.0pu)
- the transformer ratio conversion factor must be multiplied by 1.045.
- V LV-dispatch is the outgoing voltage converted to low voltage
- V HV-dispatch is the outgoing voltage of the extra high voltage substation (substation side bus bar extra high voltage)
- C tr is the transformer ratio conversion factor that transformed the extra high pressure to low pressure.
- V drop-tr is the voltage drop at the transformer and V drop-service is the voltage drop at the lead.
- the V margin-min at the upper limit of the distributed power supply point is determined by the extra high voltage determined by the tap position of the peripheral transformer of the substation. It is determined by the voltage and the load rate of the corresponding distribution line. Since these values change over time, the minimum voltage margin (V margin-min ) at the distributed power supply connection point is calculated and determined periodically.
- the allowable effective power generation amount DG_P out-limit of the associated distributed power supply 30 is calculated as follows. First, the tap change point of the distribution transformer to compensate for the voltage drop of the end of the connecting line or the extra high voltage line may be selected as the linking review point, and the maximum linkable active power of the distribution line that does not deviate from the proper voltage range at this linking review point. The total amount DL_P max is calculated. This maximum linkable active power total amount DL_P max should not cause a voltage rise problem in the distribution line regardless of the position of the link line, so the voltage increase margin is secured to the same value regardless of the position of the transmission of FIG. 4. Voltage margin is used. The voltage fluctuations generated when the distributed power supply 30 is generated at any link point is calculated by the following equation (3).
- V pcc is the constant voltage variation [%] at the distributed power supply connection point
- S Base is the reference capacity
- S DG is the installed capacity of the distributed power supply 30
- P DG ⁇ cos ⁇ is from the substation.
- % X is the reactance component of the% line impedance calculated from the substation to the distributed power supply connection point as the reference capacity.
- Equation 3 the condition that the voltage rise is maximum is when the distributed power supply 30 operates at a power factor of 1 and is connected to a point where the line impedance is the largest. Therefore, when the distributed power supply 30 operates at a power factor of 1 in conjunction with a line end or a tap change point, the minimum voltage margin (% V dispatch- ) in which the voltage fluctuation (% V pcc ) calculated by Equation 3 is the output voltage margin.
- P DG distributed power supply capacity
- V pcc % V margin -min
- P DG because the DL_P max maximum linkage available active power total amount of the associated track (DL_P max) can be calculated as shown in Equation (5) below ( S120).
- % R refers to the resistance component of the% impedance calculated from the reference capacity from the terminal of the substation of the connecting line to the end of the substation or the tap change point.
- the maximum total available active power DL_P max calculated at this voltage rise point is any distributed power supply connection point of the connection line. This does not cause overvoltage problems. In other words, the overvoltage problem does not occur unless the total capacity of all the individual distributed power supplies 30 exceeds this linkable total amount. Therefore, the allowable effective power generation amount DG_P out-limit of each distributed power supply 30 is the rated output capacity P DG of the distributed power supply 30 as shown in FIG. 5 (S122 and S124). In other words, the overvoltage problem does not occur even when the power is generated at 100% rated power.
- the always optimal effective power generation amount DG_P out-optimal of the distributed distributed power supply 30 is calculated as follows.
- the constant optimal active power generation amount (DG_P out-optimal ) is calculated by applying Equation 5, and the voltage shown in FIG. 4 including the extra high voltage drop caused by the load rather than using the minimum voltage margin for the molecular term. Use rising margin.
- the always-optimal effective power generation amount DG_P out-optimal has a different voltage increase margin according to the distributed power supply connection point to which the individual distributed power supply 30 is connected. This is because the load condition and the resulting high voltage drop are different.
- the constant optimal active power generation amount DG_P out-optimal is calculated through Equation 7 below by modifying Equation 5 above.
- the value of% R means a resistance component of the% line impedance from the substation to the individual distributed power supply 30.
- the line impedance (R, X) of the linkage point is calculated by summing the line impedance data for each section from the distributed power supply point to the substation busbar.
- the line impedance data for each section is recorded and managed in a database (not shown) of the power system operating system.
- High accuracy data can be recorded and managed in parallel with the calculated value and the measured value.
- the method of calculating the line impedance to the distributed source connection point is as follows. First, when the distributed power supply connection point is determined, the line impedance for each section is obtained by multiplying the percent impedance data per km according to the ship type by section and the section length, and the line impedance for each section is summed from the substation to the distributed power supply connection point, and then summed. The line impedance to the distributed power source connection point is calculated by distinguishing the line impedance into a resistance component and a reactance component.
- the main controller 10 records all the parameters calculated as described above in the database and transmits these parameters to the local controller 20.
- the local controller 20 uses the power factor command value PF set using the parameters transmitted from the main controller 10 and the voltage V (t) and the current I (t) measured at the current distributed power supply connection point. And after calculating the effective output command value P set , the driving power factor command value PF set and the effective output command value P set are selectively determined and transmitted to the distributed power supply 30.
- the local controller 20 receives and stores parameters received from the main control device 10 of the power system operating system and voltages and currents measured at a distributed power supply connection point. Finally, the proper parameter is finally selected in consideration of the parameters received from the main controller 10, the calculation unit 22 for calculating new parameters from the voltage and current measured at the distributed power supply connection point, and the data reflecting the operating conditions of the power system. And a control communication unit 23 for transmission.
- the input unit 21 stores and updates a parameter received from the main control apparatus 10 (S200), and receives a voltage and a current of a distributed power supply connection point (S202).
- the first calculator 221 calculates the instantaneous output active power using Equation 8 below (S204).
- control communication unit 23 compares and determines whether the current measured voltage V (t) exceeds the upper limit value V upper -limit transmitted by the main controller 10 (S206).
- the control communication unit 23 sets the effective output limit value P set of the distributed power supply 30 to the allowable effective power generation amount DG_P out-limit of the linked distributed power supply 30 calculated by the main control device 10.
- the active power limit value P set is transmitted to the distributed power supply 30 (S210). Since the active power limit value P set is an amount of power generation that does not cause an overvoltage even when connected to any of the distribution lines, the distributed power supply 30 in which the voltage at the distributed power supply connection point exceeds the upper limit of the appropriate voltage is applied to the local controller 20. Are all set to the active power limit.
- control communication unit 23 checks whether the parameter is received (S224), and returns to step S200 according to the result to update the parameter or measure the voltage, current, and input mode. Perform
- the present measured voltage If the permissible proper voltage upper limit value (V upper -limit ) is less than or equal to, the effective instantaneous effective power output amount is set after setting the effective output limit value (P set ) of the distributed power supply 30 to the first set value (default).
- the driving power factor command value PF set is determined by determining whether (P DG (t)) exceeds the constant optimal effective power generation amount DG_P out-optimal of the distributed power supply 30 (S214).
- the control communication unit 23 determines the driving power factor command value PF set as the second set value (default) (S216).
- control communication unit 23 controls the operation power factor command value so that the voltage variation does not occur at the distributed power supply point through the second calculation unit 222. It is determined by calculating (S218, S220).
- the process of calculating the driving power factor command value of the distributed power supply 30 by the second calculator 222 is as follows.
- the constant voltage fluctuation rate at the distributed power supply connection point is calculated.
- the distributed power supply 30 is connected to the distribution system and operated at a forward power factor (ground power factor as the system reference)
- the constant voltage fluctuation rate at the distributed power supply connection point is calculated through Equation 9 below.
- ⁇ V pcc is the voltage variation rate at the point of common coupling (Pcc)
- S DG is the capacitance (MVA) of the distributed power supply
- R is the normal resistance component of the distribution line
- X Is the normal component reactance component of the distribution line
- ⁇ is the power factor angle of the distributed power supply 30
- V L is the nominal voltage of the distribution line.
- Equation 9 in order to minimize the voltage change rate ⁇ V Pcc at the distributed power supply connection point, the numerator of Equation 9 should be '0'.
- Equation 9 can be developed as in Equation 10 below.
- Equation 10 is a voltage increase generated by the product of the effective output of the distributed power supply 30 and the resistance component of the line and the voltage drop generated by the product of the reactive output of the distributed power supply 30 and the line reactance component are mutually different. When offset equally, there is no voltage variation at the distributed source link point.
- Equation 10 is arranged as in Equation 11 below.
- the distributed power supply power factor is a relationship between the normal resistance component and the normal reactance component of the distribution line ( ), It can be seen that the voltage fluctuation rate is 0%.
- the operating power factor linking condition of the distributed power source 30 such that the voltage variation rate of the distributed power source link point becomes 0% regardless of the linkage capacity of the distributed power source 30 is determined by the ratio of the impedance of the distribution line.
- the composite impedance from the distributed power supply connection point to each substation should be applied.
- Table 1 shows the wire type and the corresponding impedance information of the overhead distribution line, and shows the calculated operation power factor of the distributed power supply 30 theoretically to minimize the voltage fluctuation rate by Equation 11.
- the control communication unit 23 determines the effective output limit value P set and the driving power factor command value PF set . Transfer to the distributed power supply 30 (S222).
- control communication unit 23 determines whether a new parameter has been received from the main control apparatus 10 (S224), and returns to step S200 according to the determination result. Update the parameters, or return to step S202 to receive the voltage and current.
- the distributed power supply 30 calculates the maximum output operating condition by itself and determines the active power target value and the reactive power target value.
- the distributed power supply 30 receives the input operation power factor command value PF set and the effective output command value P set. Select the generation output target value (P, Q) of active power and reactive power according to the predetermined operation mode.
- the distributed power supply 30 includes a distributed power supply control unit 31, a driver 32, a power generation unit 33, and a distributed power supply operation unit 34.
- the distributed power supply control unit 31 controls the distributed power supply 30 as a whole, and receives a parameter such as a driving power factor command value PF set and an effective output command value P set from the local controller 20. This parameter is updated, and the optimum operating conditions for the maximum generation output of the distributed power supply 30, that is, the active power target value P and the reactive power target value Q are calculated and operated according to this parameter.
- the driver 32 adjusts the active power target value P and the reactive power target value Q received from the distributed power controller 31 to generate the adjusted active power target value P and the reactive power target value Q. ).
- the power generation unit 33 generates power according to the active power target value P and the reactive power target value Q adjusted by the driving unit 32, and outputs the active power P and the reactive power Q.
- the distributed power supply calculating unit 22 monitors the active power P and the reactive power Q of the power generation unit 33 and inputs the maximum output operating condition to the distributed power supply control unit 31 according to its operation state.
- the distributed power controller 31 updates a parameter transmitted from the local controller 20 (S300).
- the distributed power supply control unit 31 updates the parameters received from the local controller 20 to an internal memory (not shown), and then calculates and operates an optimum operating condition for the maximum power generation output (S302). This is performed according to the basic function of the distributed power supply 30.
- the distributed power control unit 31 determines whether each of the parameters input from the local controller 20, that is, the effective output command value P set and the driving power factor command value PF set are the first set value and the second set value ( S304 and S308, and when the second set value and the first set value are respectively, the distributed power supply 30 is operated under the optimum operating condition calculated in the step S302 (S314).
- step 304 if it is determined in step 304 that the effective output command value P set is not set to the first set value and is set to the allowable effective power generation amount DG_P out-limit of the individual distributed power supply 30, the dispersion The power control unit 31 operates by limiting the effective output according to the allowable active power generation amount DG_P out-limit (S306).
- the distributed power supply 30 is presently instantaneous. Continued operation at the output may cause overvoltage.
- the driving power factor command value PF set is not set to the second set value. If the driving power factor command value PF set calculated by the second calculating unit 222 is set , the distributed power supply control unit 31 considers an operating environment such as the current effective output size and the reactive power generation capacity of the distributed power supply 30 itself. In operation S310, it is determined whether the power generation unit 33 of the distributed power supply 30 is operable based on the operation power factor command value PF set calculated by the second operation unit 222.
- step S10 if the operation cannot be performed at the driving power factor command value PF set , the distributed power supply control unit 31 gives up the fixed power factor operation mode and switches to the effective output limiting mode to allow the individual distributed power supply 30 to be allowed. Operation (S306) does not exceed the effective power generation amount (DG_P out-limit ).
- step S310 when it is determined in step S310 that the operation is possible at the set operating power factor command value PF set , the distributed power supply controller 31 switches to the fixed power factor operation mode and operates at the set driving power factor (S312). . In all cases, since the overvoltage does not appear at the distributed power supply connection point, it is determined whether to receive the parameter from the local controller 20 while continuing to operate (S316), and according to the determination result, update the new parameter (S300) or go to step S302. Returns.
- each operator can minimize the loss of power generation and many operators can share the power distribution line to generate power, and the utilization rate of the distribution line equipment can be maximized.
- FIG. 8 is a view showing an example of a model distribution system diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention
- Figure 9 is a model system simulation results of analysis under heavy load conditions (10MVA, 1.0pu) according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating distribution line voltage distribution for each distributed power factor under heavy load conditions (10MVA, 1.0pu) according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 11 is a neck portion according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a simulation result of a model system simulation under a load condition (2.5MVA, 0.25pu)
- FIG. 12 is a distribution line voltage distribution for each distributed power factor under a heavy load condition (2.5MVA, 0.25pu) according to an embodiment of the present invention. The figure which shows.
- FIG. 9 and 10 show the results of analyzing the voltage distribution under a heavy load by varying the power factor condition of the distributed power supply 30 of the distribution line model shown in FIG. 8. And FIG. 12.
- Case1 is a voltage distribution state when the distributed power supply 30 has no output, that is, before the distributed power supply 30 is connected to the distribution line
- Case2 is a state in which DG1 and DG2 are connected to the distribution line to generate power at rated output, respectively. to be.
- each distributed power supply 30 is a case of operating at the power factor calculated in Equation (11).
- Case 4 is a condition to operate at power factor 1.
- Case3 is a power factor condition between the power factor condition of Case2 and the power factor condition of Case4.
- the operating power factor of the distributed power supply 30 determined by Equation 11 which is proposed to minimize the voltage fluctuation based on the impedance characteristic of the distribution line and the voltage rise principle of the distribution system, is essentially the distribution system.
- the connection capacity of the distributed power supply 30 of the distribution line can be maximized.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an implementation example of a distributed power supply system linkage operation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 14 is another example of a distributed power supply system linkage operation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention
- 15 is a view showing another implementation of the distributed power supply system linkage operation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention
- Figure 16 is a distributed power supply system linkage according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 4 is a view showing another implementation example of an operating device.
- the local controller 20 is separately illustrated as the distributed power supply 30.
- the local controller 20 may be variously installed inside or outside the distributed power supply 30 according to the generation amount of the distributed power supply 30, the communication infrastructure, and the like.
- the local controller 20 may be installed inside the distributed power supply 30 integrally with the distributed power supply 30, and in this case, from the main control device 10 of the power system operating system, which is a higher operating system. It operates by receiving the relevant parameter.
- the local controller 20 it is also possible for the local controller 20 to perform local optimization operation without being associated with a higher operating system. In this case, the cost of the communication infrastructure can be reduced, which is suitable for the situation where there is no communication infrastructure.
- the local controller 20 when configured in an embedded form in the distributed power supply 30, parameters may be directly transmitted from the main control device 10 of the power system operating system. If a plurality of distributed power supply 30 is installed and the power system operating system integrated management of a plurality of distributed power supply 30, the same effect can be obtained even if the local controller 20 is built in the main control device 10. have.
- the local controller 20 is the main control device as shown in FIGS. 15 and 16. It may be configured separately from (10) or may be embedded in the distributed power supply (30). In this case, it can be applied without the support of the information and communication infrastructure and can be applied directly in the current operating conditions.
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Abstract
Description
배전선로 전선종류 | R(%/km) | X(%/km) | 전압변동률 최소화 운전역률(계산값) |
ACSR 58 (mm2) | 9.48 | 8.3686 | 0.651 |
ACSR 95 (mm2) | 5.9739 | 8.0851 | 0.804 |
ACSR 160 (mm2) | 3.4999 | 7.7498 | 0.911 |
ACSR 240 (mm2) | 2.3604 | 7.4538 | 0.953 |
Claims (17)
- 전력계통 정보를 이용하여 계산된 파라미터 및 변전소로부터 분산전원이 연계된 분산전원 연계점에서의 전압 및 전류를 입력받는 입력부;상기 입력부에 입력된 상기 파라미터 및 상기 분산전원 연계점의 전압 및 전류를 이용하여 운전역률 지령치 및 유효출력 지령치를 계산하는 연산부; 및상기 입력부에 입력된 상기 분산전원 연계점에서의 전압과 상기 분산전원 연계점에서의 적정전압 상한값에 따라, 상기 연산부에서 계산된 상기 운전역률 지령치 및 상기 유효출력 지령치를 결정하여 상기 분산전원으로 전달하는 제어 통신부를 포함하는 분산전원 전력계통 연계 운전 장치.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 제어 통신부는상기 입력부에 입력된 상기 분산전원 연계점에서의 전압이 상기 분산전원 연계점에서의 적정전압 상한값을 초과하면, 상기 유효출력 지령치를 상기 분산전원의 허용 유효전력 발전량으로 결정하는 것을 특징으로 하는 분산전원 전력계통 연계 운전 장치.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 제어 통신부는상기 입력부에 입력된 상기 분산전원 연계점에서의 전압이 상기 분산전원 연계점에서의 적정전압 상한값 이하이면, 상기 유효출력 지령치를 기 설정된 제1설정값으로 결정하는 것을 특징으로 하는 분산전원 전력계통 연계 운전 장치.
- 제 3 항에 있어서, 상기 제어 통신부는상기 입력부에 입력된 상기 분산전원 연계점에서의 전압이 상기 분산전원 연계점에서의 적정전압 상한값 이하이면, 상기 분산전원의 현재 순시 유효전력 출력량과 상기 분산전원의 상시 최적 유효전력 발전량을 비교하여 비교 결과에 따라 상기 운전역률 지령치를 결정하는 것을 특징으로 하는 분산전원 전력계통 연계 운전 장치.
- 제 4 항에 있어서, 상기 제어 통신부는상기 현재 순시 유효전력 출력량이 상기 상시 최적 유효전력 발전량 이하이면, 상기 운전역률 지령치를 제2 설정값으로 결정하는 것을 특징으로 하는 분산전원 전력계통 연계 운전 장치.
- 제 4 항에 있어서, 상기 제어 통신부는상기 현재 순시 유효전력 출력량이 상기 상시 최적 유효전력 발전량을 초과하면, 상기 분산전원 연계점의 전압상승분이 상기 무효출력에 의한 전압강하분으로 상쇄되도록 상기 운전역률 지령치를 계산하는 것을 특징으로 하는 분산전원 전력계통 연계 운전 장치.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 운전역률 지령치는상기 분산전원 연계점으로부터 변전소 구간에 해당하는 선로임피던스를 저항성분과 리액턴스 성분으로 구분하고 상기 유효출력과 상기 저항성분에 의한 전압상승분 및 상기 무효출력과 상기 리액턴스 성분에 의한 전압강하분을 동일하게 하는 상기 유효출력과 상기 분산전원의 무효출력의 비율인 것을 특징으로 하는 분산전원 전력계통 연계 운전 장치.
- 전력계통 정보를 이용하여 분산전원의 유효전력과 연계선로에 대한 파라미터를 계산하는 주 제어장치;상기 주 제어장치에서 계산된 상기 파라미터, 배전계통에 상기 분산전원이 연계된 분산전원 연계점에서의 전압 및 전류를 이용하여 상기 분산전원의 운전역률 지령치 및 상기 분산전원의 유효출력 지령치를 계산하는 로컬 제어기; 및상기 로컬 제어기에서 계산된 상기 운전역률 지령치 및 상기 유효출력 지령치에 따라 유효전력과 무효전력을 발전시키는 분산전원을 포함하는 분산전원의 전력계통 연계 운전장치.
- 제 8 항에 있어서, 상기 파라미터는상기 분산전원 연계점의 전압상한 최소 전압여유도, 상기 분산전원의 허용 유효전력 발전량, 상기 분산전원의 상시 최적유효전력 발전량, 상기 분산전원 연계점의 선로임피던스를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 분산전원 전력계통 연계 운전장치.
- 제 8 항에 있어서, 상기 로컬 제어기는상기 주 제어장치로부터 상기 파라미터를 입력받고, 상기 변전소로부터 상기 연계점의 전압과 전류를 입력받아 저장하는 입력부;상기 입력부에 저장된 상기 파라미터 및 상기 분산전원 연계점의 전압 및 전류를 이용하여 상기 운전역률 지령치 및 상기 유효출력 지령치를 계산하는 연산부; 및상기 입력부의 전압과 상기 분산전원 연계점에서의 적정전압 상한값에 따라, 상기 연산부에서 계산된 상기 운전역률 지령치 및 상기 유효출력 지령치를 결정하여 상기 분산전원으로 전달하는 제어 통신부를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 분산전원 전력계통 연계 운전 장치.
- 제 8 항에 있어서, 상기 분산전원은상기 로컬 제어기로부터 상기 운전역률 지령치 및 상기 유효출력 지령치를 유효전력 목표치 및 무효전력 목표치를 산출하는 분산전원 제어부;상기 분산전원 제어부로부터 전달받은 상기 유효전력 목표치 및 상기 무효전력 목표치를 조정하는 구동부;상기 구동부에서 조정된 상기 유효전력 목표치 및 상기 무효전력 목표치에 따라 발전하여 유효전력과 무효전력을 출력하는 발전부; 및상기 발전부에서 출력된 상기 유효전력과 상기 무효전력을 모니터링하여 운전 상태에 따라 최대출력 운전조건을 상기 분산전원 제어부에 입력하는 분산전원 제어부를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 분산전원 전력계통 연계 운전 장치.
- 제 11 항에 있어서, 상기 분산전원 제어부는상기 로컬 제어기로부터 입력받은 상기 운전역률 지령치가 제2 설정값이고 상기 유효출력 지령치가 제1 설정값이면, 최적 운전조건으로 상기 유효전력과 무효전력을 출력하도록 제어하는 것을 특징으로 하는 분산전원 전력계통 연계 운전 장치.
- 제 11 항에 있어서, 상기 분산전원 제어부는상기 유효출력 지령치가 제1 설정값으로 설정되고, 상기 운전역률 지령치가 제2 설정치로 설정되어 있지 않으면, 상기 운전역률 지령치로 상기 발전부의 운전이 가능한지 여부에 따라 상기 허용 유효전력 발전량으로 운전을 제한하거나, 상기 운전역률 지령치로 운전하는 것을 특징으로 하는 분산전원 전력계통 연계 장치.
- 제 11 항에 있어서, 상기 분산운전 제어부는상기 유효출력 지령치가 제1 설정값으로 설정되어 있지 않으면, 허용 유효전력 발전량에 따라 유효출력을 제한하여 운전하는 것을 특징으로 하는 분산전원 전력계통 연계 장치.
- 전력계통에 분산전원이 연계된 분산전원 연계점으로부터 변전소 구간에 해당하는 선로임피던스를 계산하는 단계;상기 선로임피던스, 상기 분산전원의 유효출력 및 상기 분산전원의 무효출력을 이용하여 상기 분산전원 연계점에서의 전압변동을 억제시키는 분산전원 운전역률을 계산하는 단계; 및상기 분산전원 운전역률에 따라 상기 분산전원을 운전시키는 단계를 포함하는 분산전원 전력계통 연계 운전 방법.
- 제 15 항에 있어서, 상기 분산전원 운전역률은상기 분산전원의 유효출력과 상기 선로임피던스의 저항성분에 의한 전압상승분 및 상기 분산전원의 무효출력과 상기 선로임피던스의 리액턴스 성분에 의한 전압강하분을 동일하게 하는 상기 분산전원의 유효출력과 상기 분산전원의 무효출력의 비율인 것을 특징으로 하는 분산전원 전력계통 연계 운전 방법.
- 제 15 항에 있어서, 상기 분산전원을 운전시키는 단계는상기 분산전원 연계점에서의 전압상승분을 상기 분산전원 연계점에서의 전압강하분으로 상쇄시키는 것을 특징으로 하는 분산전원 전력계통 연계 운전 방법.
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KR101713437B1 (ko) * | 2015-09-10 | 2017-03-07 | 한국전력공사 | 역률 제어 장치 및 방법 |
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US20160072290A1 (en) | 2016-03-10 |
KR20150002009A (ko) | 2015-01-07 |
US9997919B2 (en) | 2018-06-12 |
CA2908384C (en) | 2019-08-13 |
CA2908384A1 (en) | 2014-12-31 |
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